cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Passive Force-Deflection Behavior for 0° and 30° Skewed Abutments

Accounting for seismic forces and thermal expansion in bridge design requires an accurate passive force-deflection relationship for the abutment wall. Current design codes make no allowance for skew effects on passive force; however, small-scale experimental results indicate a significant reduction in peak passive force as skew angle increases for plane-strain cases. To explore this issue further, large-scale field tests were conducted at skew angles of 0° and 30° with unconfined backfill geometry. The abutment back wall was 11 ft (3.35 m) wide by 5.5 ft (1.68 m) high, and backfill material consisted of dense, compacted sand. The peak passive force for the 30° skew was found to be 58% of the peak passive force for the 0° skew case, which was in good agreement with the available laboratory and numerical results; however, the small difference between field and available laboratory results suggests that backfill geometry may have some effect on the reduction in peak passive force with respect to skew angle. ...
Nucleolin from the multiple nucleoli of amphibian oocyte nuclei.

When fixed preparations of newt germinal vesicle (GV) contents are treated with RNase and are then probed with radiolabeled single-stranded DNA in 0.1–2.0 × SSC, the extrachromosomal nucleoli bind the probe non-specifically. DNA/protein blot analysis of proteins from newt GVs shows that gv95, an acidic protein (pI = 5.0) of Mr = 95 000, is the most prominent nonspecific DNA-binding protein. Immunocytochemical analysis with affinity purified antibody directed against gv95 shows that it is located in the multiple nucleoli. We used an antibody directed against rat nucleolin to show that newt gv95 and two similarXenopus GV proteins are the amphibian versions of nucleolin, a nucleolar ribonucleoprotein originally identified in mammalian cells. We show that mAb 3A10, directed against newt histones H1 and H5, labels gv95 on protein immunoblots and the multiple nucleoli in cytological preparations. These results suggest that histone H1 and nucleolin share a cross-reacting epitope.
HEPATITIS B SCREENING IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF VOJVODINA, SERBIA

The principal screening test for maternal infection is the serologic identification test for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Data of HBsAg testing surveillance from all public and private laboratories in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, were collected. There were differences in the inclusion of pregnant women for HBsAg testing be- tween the different counties in the province, ranging from 9% to 68% in Zapadnobacki county and Severnobacki county, respectively. Preventing perinatal transmission should be an important element in any national strategy for the control hepatitis B infection.
Nuclear DNA Markers Reveal Low Levels of Genetic Divergence among Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Populations of Striped Bass

Abstract Populations of striped bass Morone saxatilis from six Atlantic coast locations and one Gulf of Mexico location were examined with polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assays at three independent, single-copy nuclear loci. Most alleles were present in all populations, and no allele was fixed in any population. Low levels of genetic divergence were observed among all populations. However, allele frequencies differed significantly between populations in the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian maritime provinces. These results are consistent with those obtained previously with mitochondrial DNA markers.
Cellular immunity in man: Correlation of leukocyte migration inhibition factor formation and delayed hypersensitivity

Abstract The formation of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (MIF) by the lymphocytes of 13 normal persons immune to the protein antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) has been investigated. KLH-induced MIF formation expressed as percent migration was compared with delayed hypersensitivity, antibody, and in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses to this antigen. Individuals were studied 404–840 days (median 540 days) after their last exposure to KLH. Nine persons had delayed hypersensitivity to KLH and 10 had circulating KLH antibody. The lymphocytes of 11 showed an in vitro blastogenic response to KLH stimulation, while the lymphocytes of nine produced MIF after KLH stimulation. The mean percent migration for the subjects with KLH delayed hypersensitivity was 48.2 (range 20.4–70.4) compared with 133 (range 120–161) for the four persons who did not have KLH delayed hypersensitivity (P
Measurements and Simulations of the Fission Yeast Cytokinetic Ring Tension during Constriction

Cytokinesis in animals and fungi requires the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring at the site of cell division. However, the ring tension_the ring's principal mechanical property_has rarely been measured. Consequently, it has not been possible to relate the organization of the ring to its principal function. To address this, we recently developed a method to measure the cytokinetic ring tension in fission yeast for the first time (Stachowiak et al., Dev. Cell, 2014). We used micropipette aspiration on yeast protoplasts (whose cell walls have been enzymatically digested) to measure the membrane tension and imaged the geometry of the membrane furrow induced by the tense ring by fluorescence microscopy in order to deduce the ring tension from a force balance at the furrow. The availability of a method to measure cytokinetic ring tension has opened the door to observing the effect of mutations and drug treatments on ring tension that were previously invisible. Here, we develop the ring tension measurement to track ring tension in real time throughout the full course of constriction, and we measured tension in fission yeast mutants and wild type cells following drug treatments where the activity and dynamics of myosin or actin are compromised. We coordinated these measurements with a mathematical model of the constricting ring to test the mechanism of tension production and constriction. Insights into this mechanism that have resulted highlight the sensitivity to actin filament length and polymerization and the role of myosin activity in maintenance of steady state tension.
Illusional beliefs in the context of risky sexual behaviors.

The function and maintenance of illusions were explored. Three groups were selected by comparing perceived risk for contracting an STD or becoming pregnant with reported sexual behaviors: realistic low risk (n - 33), realistic high risk (n= 23), and Illusional low risk (n= 16). Illusional subjects tended to avoid exposure to risk information, deny its relevance, and experience no increase in negative affect when confronted with contraceptive information. In contrast, high-risk subjects expressed interest in viewing contraceptive information, acknowledged its relevance and, among women, experienced an increase in negative affect after viewing the information. Avoidance and denial were ego-protective, primarily for illusional subjects. Implications for research on the self-regulatory effects of illusional beliefs are discussed.
Unexpected monetary disturbances during the gold standard era

Abstract This empirical paper uses the Barro methodology of estimating unexpected monetary shocks to determine the effect these shocks had on real output in the U.S. during the gold standard era between 1880 and 1913. It also investigates whether changes in a measure of financial intermediation had real effects. The results indicate that neither expected nor unexpected money shocks affected output. Changes in financial intermediation, however, were significantly correlated with output. This result lends support to theories which stress the endogeneity of broad measures of the money supply.
A feasibility study of in vivo applications of single beam acoustic tweezers

Tools that are capable of manipulating micro-sized objects have been widely used in such fields as physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. Several devices, including optical tweezers, atomic force microscope, micro-pipette aspirator, and standing surface wave type acoustic tweezers have been studied to satisfy this need. However, none of them has been demonstrated to be suitable for in vivo and clinical studies. Single beam acoustic tweezers (SBAT) is a technology that uses highly focused acoustic beam to trap particles toward the beam focus. Its feasibility was first theoretically and experimentally demonstrated by Lee and Shung several years ago. Since then, much effort has been devoted to improving this technology. At present, the tool is capable of trapping a microparticle as small as 1 μm, as well as a single red blood cell. Although in comparing to other microparticles manipulating technologies, SBAT has advantages of providing stronger trapping force and deeper penetration depth in tissues, and producing less tissue damage, its potential for in vivo applications has yet been explored. It is worth noting that ultrasound has been used as a diagnostic tool for over 50 years and no known major adverse effects have been observed at the diagnostic energy level. This paper reports the results of an initial attempt to assess the feasibility of single beam acoustic tweezers to trap microparticles in vivo inside of a blood vessel. The acoustic intensity of SBAT under the trapping conditions that were utilized was measured. The mechanical index and thermal index at the focus of acoustic beam were found to be 0.48 and 0.044, respectively, which meet the standard of commercial diagnostic ultrasound system.
Discrimination learning without reward

Abstract Three split-brain monkeys successfully learned a visual pattern discrimination in one hemisphere in a training sequence that did not make use of a reward. The results suggest that reward information is not a necessary condition for learning.
Enhancement of physical properties of resin restorative materials by laser polymerization

A study was conducted to compare the compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, transverse flexural strength, and flexural modulus of a microfilled and a small particle composite resin restorative material following argon laser and conventional visible light polymerization techniques. All physical properties examined in this study were enhanced by laser polymerization. The diametral tensile strength of both types of restorative materials was significantly greater following laser polymerization, as were the transverse flexural strength and the flexural modulus of the microfilled resin restorative material. Additionally, these results were obtained with a laser polymerization time that was one-fourth that used for visible light activation. It was concluded that the argon laser is a potentially advantageous means of initiating the polymerization of dental composite resin restorations.
VISUAL RESPONSES TO TWO ALTERNATING TRAINS OF HIGH-FREQUENCY INTERMITTENT STIMULI.

Visual stimuli consisting of two alternating trains of high-frequency square-wave pulses of the same time-average luminance were presented monocularly to human observers. Two stimulus sizes were used, which subtended visual angles of 12° and 4.3°. In many cases the observers perceived flicker even when each train of pulses by itself appeared fused. The results of the present experiments show that perception of flicker with this type of stimulus pattern depends critically on two variables: (1) the difference t1−t2, where t1 and t2 denote the periods of single pulses in the two trains; (2) the combinations of T1 and T2, where T1 and T2 denote the durations of the two trains. The results with the 12° field show some remarkable differences from the results with the 4.3° field, thus, confirming the findings of numerous earlier studies that in many visual tasks the central fovea behaves differently from larger areas around it. The model of de Lange was checked by Fourier analysis of the data. This analysis shows that de Lange’s model can be adequately fitted to the data for the 4.3° field, but not for the 12° field. In the case of the 4.3° field, the amplitudes of the second Fourier component are, for many of the data, at or near the threshold values of their corresponding fundamental components. This means that the possibility of a contribution from the higher harmonics to the threshold of flicker cannot be neglected.
The short- and long-run comparative statics of uncertainty

Abstract If a two-input stochastic reward function is supermodular, then a first-degree stochastic shift increases both inputs, and the more variable factor is more responsive in the long run. These results hold for second-degree dominance under additional curvature conditions.
Analytic hierarchy process for robot selection

Abstract Investment decisions involving robots are capital intensive and are usually made by a committee of experts from different functional backgrounds within a company. In spite of this knowledge, most models in the literature for robot selection assume that there is only a single decision maker. In this paper, a robot selection model that incorporates the inputs from multiple decision makers is provided. This model is based on the analytic hierarchy process method, and both the subjective and objective criteria for robot selection are used. It does not assume that the decision makers have achieved a consensus; that is, they may not agree on evaluations of the robots with respect to each of the criteria. A numerical example is used to illustrate the model.
Process quality improvement and setup reduction in dynamic lot-sizing

Abstract Previous work on setup reduction to dynamic lot-sizing with process improvement is extended. In this dynamic lot-sizing model, a new calculation of lot size is made at every setup, but the decision to invest jointly in setup reduction and process improvement is made at the initial setup. In the analysis, it is assumed that setup reduction and process quality are functions of capital expenditure. Such setup cost reductions and process quality improvements can arise from investing in new technology. A procedure is developed to find the optimal lot size, total cost, and required investments, and the solution is illustrated using declining exponential functions and power functions to model both setup cost reduction and process quality improvement. The implications of the analysis and the tradeoffs involved are discussed and illustrated numerically and graphically.
Reinforcer and ratio requirement effects in concurrent fixed-interval fixed-ratio schedules

The fixed-ratio requirement was varied in concurrent fixed-interval fixed-ratio schedules. Fixed-ratio responding was reinforced by food. In different phases, fixed-interval responding was reinforced by food and water. There was an inverted U relationship between the ratio requirement and ratio response rates. There was a direct relation between the ratio requirement and interval response rates when both responses were reinforced with food, but only minimal relational effects when the reinforcers were different. The role of reinforcers in concurrent schedules merits detailed study.
Mercury in canned tuna: the importance of selenium.

To the Editor: The recent article by Gerstenberger et al. [1], reported the mercury (Hg) concentrations, but did not report the selenium (Se) contents of the tuna. Since methylmercury is, by biochemical definition, a highly specific irreversible inhibitor of Se-dependent enzymes [2], it is necessary to measure both Hg and Se to accurately assess risks associated with Hg exposures. The brain and neuroendocrine tissues depend upon Se-dependent enzymes to prevent and reverse oxidative damage that would otherwise accompany their high rates of oxygen consumption. Because the affinity of Hg for Se is approximately a million times higher than its affinity for sulfur [3], the Seenzymes are uniquely vulnerable to inhibition by high methylHg exposures. However, rather than impairing Se enzymes, eating ocean fish such as tuna that are known to provide far more Se than Hg actually enhances nutritional Se status, explaining why ocean fish consumption has repeatedly been shown to prevent, rather than contribute to Hg toxicity [2]. In contrast, consumption of meats of predatory whales and sharks that are known to contain far more Hg than Se has been shown to be hazardous. Current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) risk criteria are based on a study of human Hg exposures that arose predominantly from eating pilot whale meats. Since pilot whale meats are virtually unique in having exceedingly high Hg to Se molar ratios (5:1), as well as Hg contents in excess of 3 ppm [4], this is clearly a food to avoid. In contrast, ocean fish are Se-rich and have Hg to Se molar ratios that are typically on the order of 1:5, which may explain why ocean fish consumption has been shown to counteract Hg toxicity from whale meat consumption [5]. Although blood Hg and blood Hg to Se molar ratios in children exposed in utero are highly correlated [6], relationships between Hg exposures and risk are most accurately predicted from the perspective of Hg to Se molar ratios. Therefore, the selenium-health benefit value (Se-HBV) is preferable since it incorporates both the relative and the absolute amounts of Se intake and Hg exposure in a single criterion. Health benefits are directly associated with positive Se-HBVs, whereas adverse health effects are directly proportional to negative Se-HBVs [2]. Since methylmercury is an enzyme inhibitor, its chemical reactions are clearly second order. Therefore, attempting to
Further comments on portraying the accuracy of violence predictions

Hart, Webster, and Menzies (1993) recently offered several recommendations for describing the accuracy of violence predictions using 2×2 contingency tables. This Comment describes some problems with their recommendations and suggests that researchers use receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to quantify prediction accuracy.
Effects of Oxygenates Molecular Structure on the Sooting Tendency and PM Emissions of Ethanol-Gasoline and Biodiesel-Diesel Blends

Fuel composition has a significant effect in emissions from particulate matter (PM) and soot formation in internal combustion engines. Numerous studies, both experimental and numerical, have reported that oxygenated fuels reduce particulate emissions. These studies have proved that this reduction depends not only on the oxygen content but also on the molecular structure and the different oxygen functional groups. Consequently, this paper contains an analysis of the relationship between fuel composition and soot formation and PM emissions from oxygenated fuel blends. In this study, ethanol-gasoline and biodiesel-diesel fuel blends have been tested via a smoke point lamp in order to determine the variations in the sooting tendency in relation to the oxygen content of fuel blends and the effect of oxygenated additives on the sooting propensity of the blends. Particulate matter collected from the smoke point tests has been analyzed via X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to quantify the surface oxygen content of the soot samples and to qualitatively identify oxygen functionalities on the samples. An attempt was made to correlate these results with the oxygen concentrations and molecular structure of the fuels.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Language and the intuition of meaning

Proposed concepts on the nature language and the intuition of meaning are presented here using existential and mathematical primitives. Topologically exact results are given for the structure of human memory, for the inner nature of a meaning, and for some of the psychic principles which give rise to language. These results follow from a linguistic model which so defines a verb that all other linguistic elements become special cases of it. Both the topological and clinical results on the emergence of language and the perception of meaning support this position. Some results are also given on the structure and formation of non-verbal meaning.
Ovarian cancer risk assessment: a tool for preoperative assessment

Abstract Objectives The objective of this pilot study was to determine if the combination of CA 125, menopausal status and prealbumin can be used to accurately predict ovarian cancer in women with pelvic masses. Study design Preoperative serum CA 125, prealbumin and menopausal status were prospectively determined. Results were formulated into an ovarian cancer risk assessment (OCRA) score and compared with final surgical pathology. Results OCRA was studied in 130 women. No cancers were found in women with a score less than 200. For all cancers, an OCRA score ≥ 200 had a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 95% and positive predictive value of 95%. When the OCRA score of ≥200 was evaluated for its ability to predict ovarian cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were 100%, 83%, and 78%, respectively. Conclusions In this pilot study, OCRA was able to predict which women with pelvic masses were more likely to have ovarian cancer. The scoring system easily applied clinically and may help facilitate appropriate referral of women to gynecologic oncologists for optimal care.
A Rapid Method for Determining the Tuberculocidal Activity of Liquid Chemical Germicides

A rapid, quantitative method has been developed for determining the tuberculocidal activity of liquid chemical germicides. In this method, a test strain of Mycobacterium bovis that carries the firefly luciferase gene is exposed to a germicide, and the surviving bacteria are detected by bioluminescence. The tuberculocidal activities of five commercially available glutaraldehyde-based disinfectants were tested, and all reduced the number of surviving mycobacteria by greater than five orders of magnitude. In contrast, a phenol-based disinfectant with tuberculocidal claims gave less than one order of magnitude reduction of the test organism. With this method for determining tuberculocidal activity, results can be obtained in less than one day, compared with weeks or months for the standard tuberculocidal assays.
Generalized Theta Functions

If M is a marked compact Riemann surface of genus g>0 and ξ is a factor of automorphy with characteristic class c(ξ)=r then by the Riemann-Roch theorem γ(ξ)=γ(κξ-1)+r+1-g, where κ is the canonical factor of automorphy; and if r≥2g-1 then c(κξ)=2g-2-r<0 so that γ(κξ-1)=0 and γ(ξ)=r+1-g. Thus all factors of automorphy with characteristic class r admit equally many complex analytic relatively automorphic functions whenever r≥2g-1. Now the set of factors of automorphy with characteristic class r can be parametrized by the complex manifold ℂ g , by associating to any point t∊- g the factor of automorphy ρtζ r where ρ: ℂ g →Hom(Г, ℂ*) is the canonical homomorphism considered previously and ζ is a factor of automorphy representing the point bundle associated to the divisor 1·p0 for the base point p0 of the marked surface M; and it can be asked whether the set of all complex analytic relatively automorphic functions for these factors of automorphy can be parametrized accordingly by the complex manifold ℂg× ℂr+1-g if r≥2g-1. The answer is provided by the following result.
Behavioral Characteristics and Neural Mechanisms Mediating Performance in a Rodent Version of the Balloon Analog Risk Task

The tendency for some individuals to partake in high-risk behaviors (eg, substance abuse, gambling, risky sexual activities) is a matter of great public health concern, yet the characteristics and neural bases of this vulnerability are largely unknown. Recent work shows that this susceptibility can be partially predicted by laboratory measures of reward seeking under risk, including the Balloon Analog Risk Task. Rats were trained to respond on two levers: one of which (the 'add lever') increased the size of a potential food reward and a second (the 'cash-out lever') that led to delivery of accrued reward. Crucially, each add-lever response was also associated with a risk that the trial would fail and no reward would be delivered. The relative probabilities that each add-lever press would lead to an addition food pellet or to trial failure (risk) were orthogonally varied. Rats exhibited a pattern of responding characteristic of incentive motivation and risk aversion, with a subset of rats showing traits of high-risk taking and/or suboptimal responding. Neural inactivation studies suggest that the orbitofrontal cortex supports greater reward seeking in the presence or absence of risk, whereas the medial prefrontal cortex is required for optimization of patterns of responding. These findings provide new information about the neural circuitry of decision making under risk and reveal new insights into the biological determinants of risk-taking behaviors that may be useful in developing biomarkers of vulnerability.
A Patient Registry for Cognitive Rehabilitation Research: A Strategy for Balancing Patients’ Privacy Rights With Researchers’ Need for Access

Abstract Schwartz MF, Brecher AR, Whyte J, Klein MG. A patient registry for cognitive rehabilitation research: a strategy for balancing patients' privacy rights with researchers' need for access. Objective To describe a consent-based Patient Research Registry designed to improve the quality and efficiency of cognitive rehabilitation research by balancing patients' privacy rights with researchers' need for access to research participants. Design Description of a protocol for a Patient Research Registry. Setting Three rehabilitation hospitals. Participants Inpatients with stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI) at the 3 participating hospitals. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Percentages of eligible patients with stroke or TBI who consented to be enrolled in the Registry, were subsequently contacted about a study, and ultimately participated in a study. A survey examined satisfaction with the Registry among researchers who used it for recruitment. Results After 36 months of operation, 58% of patients approached have consented to be in the Registry (N=1256). Eighty-seven percent of those later identified as potential subjects for research studies expressed interest, and 63% eventually participated. Researchers reported satisfaction with the recruitment opportunities afforded by the Registry. Conclusions The Registry succeeded in identifying eligible patients interested in participating in research studies, while safeguarding their privacy rights. We identify its strengths and limitations and characterize the type of facility that would most profit from adopting this recruitment model.
Laminin chain expression suggests that laminin-10 is a major isoform in the mouse hippocampus and is degraded by the tissue plasminogen activator/plasmin protease cascade during excitotoxic injury

Abstract Laminins are important components of the extracellular matrix, and participate in neuronal development, survival and regeneration. The tissue plasminogen activator/plasmin extracellular protease cascade and downstream laminin degradation are implicated in excitotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration. To determine which specific laminin chains are involved, we investigated the expression of laminins in the hippocampus, and the cell types expressing them. Reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that the messenger RNAs for all laminin chains could be detected in the hippocampus. To determine the localization of laminin chain expression, immunostaining was used. This method showed that α5, β1 and γ1 are most highly expressed in the neuronal cell layers. Immunoblotting confirmed the hippocampal expression of the chains α5, β1 and γ1, and RNA in situ hybridization showed a neuronal expression pattern of α5, β1 and γ1. At early time points following intrahippocampal injection of kainate, α5, β1 and γ1 chain immunoreactivities were lost. In addition, tissue plasminogen activator-deficient mice, which are resistant to kainate-induced neuronal death, show no significant change in laminins α5, β1 and γ1 after intrahippocampal kainate injection. Taken together, these results suggest that laminin-10 (α5-β1-γ1) comprises a major neuronal laminin in the mouse hippocampus, and is degraded before neuronal death during excitotoxic injury by the tissue plasminogen activator/plasmin protease cascade. By identifying a neuronal laminin (laminin-10) that participates in neuronal degeneration after excitotoxic injury, this study clarifies the molecular definition of the extracellular matrix in the hippocampus and further defines a pathway for mechanisms of neuronal death.
Influence of molecular orientation on X-ray and optical scattering by liquids

Synopsis A general theory is formulated for the scattering of all wave lengths by anisotropic molecules, correlated in orientation. Different simplifications are then considered, with only a small gain for the X-ray case. From optical scattering data one gets the impression that “paratropic” liquids (tendency to parallel alignment) are the exception and “diatropic” (inverse tendency) the rule.
Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive individuals: A review of the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and virologic characteristics of 18 cases

Objective. The purpose of this retrospective study was to delineate the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and virologic characteristics of 18 cases of necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis. Study design. Eighteen examples or oral ulcerations in human immunodeficiency virus–seropositive individuals were identified that displayed unique histopathologic features. Immunohistochemic staining for CD1a, CD3, CD23, CD68, HLA-DR, p24, cytomegalovirus, HSV-1, and HSV-2 was performed, along with in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus RNA and special staining for bacteria and fungi. Results. The lesions demonstrated ulceration, extensive necrosis, leukocytoclasia, histiocytic vasculitis with luminal fibrin clots, and a prominent infiltrate of large atypical cells with amphophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, and prominent nucleoli, interspersed with crescentic histiocytes, a histologic picture resembling extranodal Kikuchi’s disease. Immunohistochemical findings suggested that the large atypical cells were histiocytes. Fifty-six percent (10/18) of the cases were immunoreactive for human immunodeficiency virus p24 within focal histiocytes, whereas Epstein-Barr virus RNA was identified in 1 (6%) of 17 cases. Conclusions. Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by specific, reproducible microscopic features. We postulate that the histopathologic resemblance of necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis to extranodal Kikuchi’s disease reflects a similar immune response to differing pathogens. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:323-32)
Interactions between dopamine and amino acid-induced excitation and inhibition in the striatum

Iontophoretic techniques were used to examine the effect of dopamine on glutamate-induced excitation and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced inhibition of single striatal neurons in rat brain. When dopamine was applied at concentrations that produced little or no inhibition of spontaneous firing rate, both glutamate-induced excitation and GABA-induced inhibition were enhanced. In contrast, when dopamine was applied at doses that significantly decreased spontaneous firing, glutamate-induced excitation was greatly reduced, though GABA-mediated inhibition remained enhanced. Thus, dopamine acts to modulate the efficacy of other neurotransmitters impinging on striatal neurons, but has a qualitatively different effect on the excitatory activity of striatal cells depending on its concentration.
Familial Colonic Cancer Without Antecedent Polyposis

Excerpt Colorectal carcinoma is primarily caused by environmental factors (1), but a small subset of patients is unusually susceptible to colonic cancer on a familial basis and virtually all family...
Zero point energies in light cone field theory

In this paper, we study the role of zero point energies in light front quantized field theories using a simple scalar field model with quartic coupling. In the equal time formalism, the zero point energies are renormalized by normal ordering with respect to some vacuum state, which is varied to determine the true, interacting vacuum. On the light front, we shall see that this procedure acquires an unexpected subtlety due to the equivalence of the ultraviolet (k+→∞) and infrared (k+→0) limits of the light front momentum. In order for the divergent zero point contributions toP+ andP− to cancel, we find that the product of the infrared and ultraviolet cutoffs must be a finite constant whose value is determined by the coupling constants of the theory. As an application, we determine the vacuum structure of the theory in two dimensions as a function of the quartic coupling. Finally, we discuss the implications of our result for the discretized versions of light front quantization.
Commercially hosted government payloads: Lessons from recent programs

In a commercially hosted operational mode, a scientific instrument or operational device is attached to a spacecraft but operates independently from the spacecraft's primary mission. Despite the expected benefits of this arrangement, there are few examples of hosted payload programs actually being executed by government organizations. The lack of hosted payload programs is largely driven by programmatic challenges, both real and perceived, rather than by technical challenges. Partly for these reasons, NASA has not sponsored a hosted payload program, in spite of the benefits and visible community interest in doing so. In the interest of increasing the use of hosted payloads across the space community, this paper seeks to alleviate concerns about hosted payloads by identifying these programmatic challenges and presenting ways in which they can be avoided or mitigated.
ESR IDENTIFICATION OF FREE RADICALS FORMED FROM THE OXIDATION OF CATECHOL ESTROGENS BY CU2

Catechol estrogens are genotoxic, indirectly through redox cycling mechanisms leading to oxidative DNA damage and directly by formation of quinone-DNA adducts. Previously, we demonstrated that Cu2+ can oxidize estradiol (E2) catechols, establishing a copper redox cycle leading to the formation of DNA strand breaks. The goal of this study was to use electron spin resonance techniques to identify the free radical intermediates formed. The 2- and 4-OH catechols of E2 and ethinyl estradiol (EE) were oxidized to semiquinone intermediates, stabilized by Mg2+, when incubated with Cu2+. The 4-OH-EE semiquinone decayed more slowly than the 2-OH-EE semiquinone. Using the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone, 4-OH-E2 plus Cu2+ generated hydroxyl radicals at a greater rate than 2-OH-E2 plus Cu2+. Formation of hydroxyl and methyl radical adducts was detected, using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide as the spin trap, when 2-OH-E2 was incubated with Cu2+ and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide. This was inhibited by the Cu1+ chelator bathocuproinedisulfonic acid and catalase. These data demonstrate that the oxidation of estrogen catechols by Cu2+ leads to a Cu-dependent mechanism of hydroxyl radical production via a hydrogen peroxide intermediate and suggest a mechanism for estrogen-associated site-specific DNA damage and mutagenesis.
The link between middle school mathematics course placement and achievement.

The proportion of eighth graders in United States public schools enrolled in algebra or a more advanced mathematics course doubled between 1990 and 2011. This article uses Early Childhood Longitudinal Study's Kindergarten Cohort data to consider the selection process into advanced middle school mathematics courses and estimate the effects of advanced courses on students’ mathematics achievement (n = 6,425; mean age at eighth grade = 13.7). Eighth-grade algebra and geometry course placements are academically selective, but considerable between-school variation exists in students’ odds of taking these advanced courses. While analyses indicate that advanced middle school mathematics courses boost student achievement, these effects are most pronounced in content areas closely related to class content and may be contingent on student academic readiness.
The first SETI observations with the Allen telescope array

Abstract The Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence (SETI) finally has its own full-time telescope. The Allen telescope array (ATA) in Northern California was dedicated on October 11, 2007. This array, which will eventually be composed of 350 small radio antennas, each 6.1 m in diameter, is being built as a partnership between the SETI Institute and the University of California Radio Astronomy Laboratory. Last October, Paul G. Allen (who provided the funds for the technology development and the first phase of array construction) pushed a silver button and all 42 antennas of the current ATA-42 slewed to point in the direction of the distant galaxy M81. Specialized electronic backend detectors attached to the ATA began making a radio map of that galaxy and simultaneously began SETI observations of HIP48573, a G5V star near M81 on the sky and a distance of 264 light years from Earth. The Allen telescope array will greatly improve the speed of conducting SETI searches over the next few decades, and it will allow a suite of different search strategies to be undertaken. This paper summarizes some of the earliest SETI observations from the array, and describes the search strategies currently being planned.
Lung cancer as a second primary.

An unusually high association of other primary cancers (9.7%) was found during the analysis of 403 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the lung diagnosed at DGMC between 1960 and 1975. Incidence by stage included 17.3% for Stage I (75 cases) and 16.9% for Stage II (59 cases). Median survival by stage was not adversely affected by the associated malignancy. Incidence by histologic type was 15.6% for adenocarcinoma (132 cases), 7.7% for epidermoid (130 cases), 1.5% for oat (small cell) (67 cases), 12.5% for large cell (40 cases) and 11.8% for undifferentiated anaplastic type (34 cases). Of 31 cases of Stage I adenocarcinoma, 9 (29%) had second malignancies. Both adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma exhibited decreasing association of second malignances with increasing stage of lung cancer. The head and neck region was the location of the nonlung malignancy in 22 cases and the GU system in 11 cases. Two cases each of colon carcinoma and basal cell skin carcinoma were found and there was one case each of carcinoma of the pancreas, lymphoma and melanoma. The diagnosis of lung cancer was made first in only 3 instances. The appearance of solitary nodules in patients with known malignancy should receive strong consideration for vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Future studies should consider carcinogenic stimuli that may be common etiologic factors in both malignancies. Cancer 42:2887–2893, 1978.
Rorschach Test Findings at the Beginning of Treatment and 2 Years Later, With a 30-Year Follow-Up

In this article, I report a case containing 2 Rorschach assessments–the first (R1) 30 years ago at the beginning of a 4-year period of psychotherapy and the second (R2) 2 years later. I also recently contacted the patient to obtain information about his life during the 26 years since termination. This report examines the 2 Rorschach protocols–combining the Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2003) structural summaries with thematic content analysis–in relation to the patient's history, treatment, and 30-year outcome. I focus on the change between R1 and R2, particularly the shift from an introversive to an ambitent EB and a corresponding shift from 6 Y responses on R1 to 6 m responses on R2. In the clinical interpretation, I considered these shifts in a context of the patient's patterns of managing destabilization and overstimulation.
Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and sporadic disease.

Objective The presentation, screening, management, and clinical outcomes of patients who presented to our institution from 1973 to 1999 with central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome and sporadic disease were analyzed. Methods The surgical pathology database of our institution was searched to identify all patients with histologically verified CNS hemangioblastomas occurring from 1973 to 1999. The medical, radiological, surgical, pathological, and autopsy records from these patients were reviewed retrospectively and statistically analyzed. Results Forty patients (21 males and 19 females) presented with CNS hemangioblastomas. Twenty-five patients (62%) harbored sporadic hemangioblastomas. Fifteen patients (38%) had VHL syndrome. These 40 patients presented with 61 hemangioblastomas (8 patients had multiple lesions). Ten patients (25%) harbored spinal cord hemangioblastomas (5 patients had multiple lesions). Patients with VHL disease tended to present with neurological symptoms and signs at a younger age than patients with sporadic disease (P = 0.09), to present with multiple lesions (53%), and to develop new lesions (rate, 1 lesion/2.1 yr). Hemangioblastomas of the spinal cord were more prevalent in patients with VHL syndrome (P = 0.024). Neuroradiological screening of patients with VHL syndrome allowed identification of more than 75% of new lesions before they became symptomatic. Sixty-six surgical procedures were performed (12 patients required multiple operations). Six patients with VHL syndrome required surgery for new lesions. Surgical complications occurred in six patients (15%). Symptom resolution or arrest of progression at 1 year was documented in 88% of patients. Recurrence of symptoms from partially resected lesions occurred in eight patients (20%). No deaths associated with surgery occurred. One patient with sporadic disease and one patient with VHL syndrome (5%) died as a result of late medical complications from CNS hemangioblastomas. Conclusion Surgical outcomes for patients with CNS hemangioblastomas are favorable. However, management of hemangioblastomas is a more difficult and prolonged endeavor for patients with VHL syndrome. In patients with VHL syndrome, neuroradiological screening allows identification of lesions before they become symptomatic. Because patients with VHL syndrome are at risk for development of new lesions, they require lifelong follow-up.
The welfare state, pensions, privatization: the case of Social Security in the United States.

In all high-income nations, the welfare state is under challenge, with particular concern voiced about the burden of retirement pensions on the public fisc and on younger workers. The strongest drive against social insurance is taking place in the United States, which has less of it than other nations and appears to be in the best position to meet future entitlement claims. In this article, the author examines the liabilities that the U.S. Social Security system is likely to incur over the next 35 years and finds that there is little danger that the system will fall into insolvency. Privatizing Social Security is not necessary to assure the integrity of future pension benefits. Furthermore, the cost-benefit ratio of privatization appears to be unfavorable, as borne out by the mandatory private pension plan in effect in Chile. Some wealthy nations will face greater demographic strains than the United States, but all need to retain the welfare state as a foundation for future changes in the world of work.
Modeling Pleistocene local climatic parameters using macrophysical climate modeling and the paleoecology of Pleistocene megafauna

Application of Macrophysical Climate Modeling to sites containing specimens with reliable radiocarbon dates of the extinct giant beaver, Castoroides ohioensis, allows an examination and comparison of their climatic parameters and the establishment of a rudimentary climatic envelope for this extinct species. Two climatic parameters were examined for this study, temperature and precipitation. An analysis of eight sites with the giant beaver indicates that the species was cold tolerant and lived under colder January and July temperatures than exist at these sites today. At five of the eight sites the model suggests there was a shift in seasonal precipitation from the greatest amount of precipitation taking place during the late summer-fall in the Pleistocene to spring-early summer today.
Concentrated solution viscosities of polymeric associates

Reasons have been advanced why in some cases concentrated-polymer-solution viscosity measurements are not a suitable method for determining the degree of association of groups attached to polymer chains. These are based on the finite lifetimes of associates compared with the finite lifetimes of the entanglements, which are the major contributors to concentrated-polymer-solution viscosities. The validity of these reasons has been checked in a system where the degree of association of polymer chains can be measured spectroscopically. It was found that the viscosity of these solutions was considerably less than that calculated by the concentrated-solution viscosity equation for solutions of polymers of the average molecular weight expected from the spectroscopically found degree of association.
The Atmospheric Electric Ring Current in the Higher Atmosphere

The atmospheric electric current flow in the ionosphere was discussed in a qualitative way at the UGGI General Assembly at Berkeley, California in 1963. The following picture emerged: The atmospheric electric fair weather current leaves the earth in a radially outward direction. As it enters the higher regions of the atmosphere and the ionospheric it is increasingly influenced by the earth's magnetic field. Because the main part of the current is crowded into the polar regions, the current density over the equatorial belt is small. A circular movement around the earth's axis results in an overall flow pattern tentatively termed, ‘the atmospheric electric ring current’. An attempt to calculate this current flow soon made it clear that the generally used simplification of the one-dimensional case with slanted magnetic field lines is not adequate—not even as a first approximation. The same is true for the assumption usually made in magnetohydrodynamics that the current follows approximately the magnetic field lines. An essential feature of the atmospheric electric ring current is that in equatorial regions the flow is forced across the magnetic field lines, the component along the lines being zero. A calculation is discussed that treats the magnetic field lines as those of a true dipole field with the corresponding tensor character of conductivity. The results of the calculation are presented as graphs of the density distribution of the ring current, the space charge distribution, the current flow, and equipotential lines.
On the width of homotopies

The purpose of this paper is to initiate an examination of this phenomenon and to try and determine to what extent Theorem 0.1 is a special case. In the process we show the existence of a sequence of invariants of the structure of a Riemannian manifold that does not appear to have been noted before. The ideas we will be concerned with are as follows: If (Y,