cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of early prehospital thrombolysis on mortality and event-free survival (The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention [MITI] Randomized Trial)

The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Trial of prehospital versus hospital administration of thrombolytic therapy markedly reduced hospital treatment times, but the 2 groups had similar outcomes. However, patients treated < 70 minutes from symptom onset had better short-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term influence of very early thrombolytic treatment for acute myocardial infarction. A total of 360 patients were followed for vital status and cardiac-related hospital admissions over a period of 34 +/- 16 months. Patients enrolled in the trial had symptoms for < or = 6 hours, ST-segment elevation on the prehospital electrocardiogram, and no risk factors for serious bleeding. They received aspirin and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator either before or after hospital arrival. Primary end points in this study included long-term survival and survival free of death or readmission to the hospital for angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or revascularization. Two-year survival was 89% for prehospital- and 91% for hospital-treated patients (p = 0.46). Event-free survival at 2 years was 56% and 64% for prehospital- and hospital-treated patients, respectively (p = 0.42). In patients treated < 70 minutes from symptom onset, 2-year survival was 98%, and it was 88% for those treated later (p = 0.12). Two-year event-free survival was 65% for patients treated early and 59% for patients treated later (p = 0.80). In this trial, poorer long-term survival was associated with advanced age, history of congestive heart failure, and coronary artery bypass surgery performed before the index hospitalization, but not with time to treatment.
Identification of molecular subtypes of glioblastoma by gene expression profiling

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression occurs in nearly 50% of cases of glioblastoma (GBM), but its clinical and biological implications are not well understood. We have used Affymetrix high-density oligonucleotide arrays to demonstrate that EGFR-overexpressing GBMs (EGFR+) have a distinct global gene transcriptional profile. We show that the expression of 90 genes can distinguish EGFR+ from EGFR nonexpressing (EGFR-) GBMs, including a number of genes known to act as growth/survival factors for GBMs. We have also uncovered two additional novel molecular subtypes of GBMs, one of which is characterized by coordinate upregulation of contiguous genes on chromosome 12q13-15 and expression of both astrocytic and oligodendroglial genes. These results define distinct molecular subtypes of GBMs that may be important in disease stratification, and in the discovery and assessment of GBM treatment strategies.
Saliva Stimulants and the Oral Health of Geriatric Patients

Root-surface caries (RSC) has been recognized as a specific and important dental disease. Significant advances have been made in the pathology and microbiology of RSC, and the need to standardize the guidelines for recording RSC data has been recognized. Researchers have emphasized the increasing impact RSC will have on the geriatric population, especially since the methods to treat and prevent this disease are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of limiting RSC in a Veterans Administration (VA) patient population, using polyol-containing saliva stimulants that were voluntarily consumed by residents of a VA Medical Center (VAMC) over a period of from six to 30 months. Another aim was to study the effect of this program on the gingival health of periodontal patients.
Risk adjusted discount rates and the present value of risky costs

In capital budgeting the correct risk adjusted discount rate for future cash flows is independent of whether the flow is a cost or a revenue. Contrary to a widely disseminated view in some popular textbooks and elsewhere, costs are not especially safe (nor risky), and accordingly costs should not be discounted at especially low risk adjusted discount rates. This paper analyzes capital budgeting within a portfolio model in which revenues and costs appear as “long’ and “short’ portfolio positions, respectively, and proves that costs are neither more nor less intrinsically risky than revenues.
Nitrogen Diffusion in Uranium Nitride as Measured by Alpha Particle Activation of 15N

A new technique, based on the nuclear activation reaction 15N(α, n)18F, was used to measure nitrogen self-diffusion coefficients in UN. Temperatures were 1700° to 2000°C and N2 pressures 7 to 603 torr. The diffusion coefficients were in fair agreement with those obtained by the gaseous exchange method in an independent study. No fundamental significance was attached to the activation energy because UN is nonstoichiometric under these conditions, and the relation between composition and N2 pressure is unknown. The results are compatible with nitrogen interstitial diffusion.
Readmission rates of older patients (age >75 years) discharged within 48 hours of admission to the Acute Medical Unit, Norwich: observational study.

The benefi ts of specialist geriatric assessment in acute medical units are debated and it is unclear if there is a reduction in readmission rates for older patients with specialist geriatric care compared to general acute medical care. We examined readmission rates for 2414 older patients who had been discharged from the acute medical unit at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, either by acute medicine or older people’s medicine (OPM), both of which teams were consultant-led. We found no signifi cant difference in readmission rates between patients discharged by the acute medical team as compared to the OPM team. This fi nding was robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses, including different lengths of stay, or readmissions at different time intervals. Hence, acute medical teams may be able to achieve similar levels of quality care for older patients to specialist geriatric teams.
Archives in the Seventies: Promises and Fulfillment

an era or, at the very least, a turning point. Three areas merit attention: the origins and work of the Committee for the 70s, the implementation of the recommendations of that committee, and unfinished business. Although most SAA members have heard of the Committee for the 70s, very few of them were active in the profession in 1970. Approximately 90 percent of our present membership have joined the SAA since 1970, and an estimated 60 to 70 percent since 1975. *
Two-Dimensional First-Order Phase Separation in an Epitaxial Layer

Studying adsorbate ordering at the submonolayer level on clean surfaces is a crucial step in understanding the structure of epitaxial films during the initial stages of growth. An adsorbed atom interacts with other adsorbed atoms as well as with the substrate. The interactions are called adsorbated-adsorbate (A-A) and adsorbated-substrate (A-S) interactions, respectively. A simple nearest neighbor A-A attractive interaction can lead to the condensation of two-dimensional (2-D) overlayer islands with an (1 × 1) structure [1]. Many epitaxial systems (especially in the case of homoepitaxy) have this structure at appropriate substrate temperatures. In the electron diffraction techniques, all information on the (1×1) islands such as island shape and size distribution is contained in the angular distribution of the integral order beam intensity. Recent advancement in diffraction theory [2–5] allows one to extract the island size distribution from the integral order beam angular distribution of intensity. Two particularly interesting examples involving high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction study of submonolayer ordering are Si homoepitaxy by Grownwald and Henzler [6], and W homoepitaxy by Hahn, Clabes and Henzler [7]. Depending on the annealing temperature, a distribution of (1 x 1) islands were formed at a submonolayer coverage.
Oxygen-Reactive Species and Antioxidant Responses during Development: The Metabolic Paradox of Cellular Differentiation:

AbstractMetabolic gradients are established during early phases of development and their existence influences subsequent developmental events. Variations in oxygen supply and oxygen metabolism associated with the gradation of metabolic rate in embryos appear to form one basis for the influence of metabolic gradients on development. The rate of oxygen metabolism affects the rate of oxidant generation by various cellular biochemical pathways. Cells contain antioxidant defenses that respond to variations in cellular oxidant production. Large changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and changes in cellular redox state occur during the differentiation of many types of cells. These changes correspond to an increased rate of oxidant production; the cellular environment becomes more prooxidizing during differentiation. Evidence is presented that implicates oxidants as a factor that can stimulate alterations in gene expression. Possible mechanisms by which oxidants influence gene expr...
A Flux Vector-Based Discrete-Time Direct Torque Control for Salient-Pole Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators

This paper proposes a flux vector-based discrete- time direct torque control (DTC) scheme for salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) used in the variable-speed, direct-drive wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The discrete-time control law is derived from the perspective of flux space vectors and load angle with the torque and stator flux information only. The saliency of the PMSG is eliminated by the active flux concept. Compared with the existing space vector modulation (SVM)-based DTCs, the proposed scheme removes the use of PI regulators and is less dependent on the machine parameters, e.g., stator inductances and permanent-magnet flux linkage, while maintaining the fast dynamic response of the system. By integrating the SVM into the control scheme, the torque and flux ripples are greatly reduced and the switching frequency becomes fixed. The effectiveness of the proposed DTC scheme is verified by real- time simulations implemented on an OPAL-RT real-time simulator and experimental results for a 180-W salient-pole PMSG used in a direct-drive WECS.
[Review of: T. DaCosta Kaufmann & M. North (2014) Mediating Netherlandish Art and Material Culture in Asia]

Book notice of: Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann and Michael North (eds.), Mediating Netherlandish Art and Material Culture in Asia (Amsterdam Studies in the Dutch Golden Age) Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 2014. 348 pp. ISBN 978-90-8964-569-2. € 99,00.
Age as an independent risk factor for intensive care unit admission or death due to 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.

Objective.This study evaluated risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death among people hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1) virus infection.Methods.We based analyses on data collected in Washington State from April 27 to September 18, 2009, on deceased or hospitalized people with laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 infection reported by health-care providers and hospitals as part of enhanced public health surveillance. We used bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with ICU admission or death due to pH1N1.Results.We identified 123 patients admitted to the hospital but not an ICU and 61 patients who were admitted to an ICU or died. Independent of high-risk medical conditions, both older age and delayed time to hospital admission were identified as risk factors for ICU admission or death due to pH1N1. Specifically, the odds of ICU admission or death were 4.44 times greater among adults aged 18–49 years (95% confidence interval [C...
Influence and Restraining Measures of Harmonics on Parallel Condenser Group

Parallel condenser group is the common reactive power compensation device in power grid,and harmonics bring huge influence on condenser group.This paper introduced the Fourier transform principle,analyzed the reasons of the occurrence of parallel resonance and harmonic amplification,and proposed harmonic suppression plan,that is reactance ratio optimization selection,provided a basis for the safe operation of parallel capacitor group.
A high-order flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction formulation for unsteady incompressible flow on unstructured moving grids

Abstract A high-order accurate flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) method is developed to solve unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured moving grids. An artificial compressibility method is adopted to facilitate the common flux reconstruction on element interfaces. A dual-time stepping method accelerated by the lower-upper symmetric-Gauss-Siedel scheme is used to solve unsteady flow problems. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach is adopted for simulations on moving/deforming grids. The geometric conservation law is implicitly incorporated into the governing equations which are discretized using the FR/CPR formulation. Convergence properties of the developed method are verified with the circular Couette flow over curved boundaries and a manufactured flow on moving meshes. The capability of the flow solver to capture vortex-dominated flows is then tested with unsteady flows over oscillating cylinders and airfoils. It is concluded that the developed FR/CPR flow solver can effectively simulate unsteady incompressible flows on moving grids.
Resurfacing of the patella in young patients.

SUMMARY The results of prosthetic resurfacing of the patella in 15 knees of 14 patients who ranged in age from 18 to 38 years at the time of surgery have been presented. The results were excellent in two knees, good in one knee, fair in eight knees, and poor in four knees. No mechanical failures occurred. The follow-up period ranged from 6 weeks to 8 years. I believe that the use of prosthetic resurfacing of the patella should be limited to patients, regardless of age, who have grade 3 or 4 chondromalacia of the patella and extremely poor quadriceps function. These are patients who have remained grossly symptomatic in spite of continuous conservative and/or surgical treatment for a period of at least 2 years.
Investigating essential gene function in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an efficient CRISPR interference system

Despite many methodological advances that have facilitated investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis, analysis of essential gene function in this slow-growing pathogen remains difficult. Here, we describe an optimized CRISPR-based method to inhibit expression of essential genes based on the inducible expression of an enzymatically inactive Cas9 protein together with gene-specific guide RNAs (CRISPR interference). Using this system to target several essential genes of M. tuberculosis, we achieved marked inhibition of gene expression resulting in growth inhibition, changes in susceptibility to small molecule inhibitors and disruption of normal cell morphology. Analysis of expression of genes containing sequences similar to those targeted by individual guide RNAs did not reveal significant off-target effects. Advantages of this approach include the ability to compare inhibited gene expression to native levels of expression, lack of the need to alter the M. tuberculosis chromosome, the potential to titrate the extent of transcription inhibition, and the ability to avoid off-target effects. Based on the consistent inhibition of transcription and the simple cloning strategy described in this work, CRISPR interference provides an efficient approach to investigate essential gene function that may be particularly useful in characterizing genes of unknown function and potential targets for novel small molecule inhibitors.
THE USE OF UREA IN FATTENING RATIONS FOR CATTLE

Publisher Summary Cattle fattening rations must be properly balanced with protein for good animal performance. Oil meals, by-products of the vegetable kingdom, are standard protein supplements for cattle throughout the world. All feeds contain non-protein nitrogen (NPN), which is included as crude protein, when they are chemically analyzed. Urea is a form of non-protein nitrogen that can be used to furnish a portion of the nitrogen requirement of beef cattle. The use of urea in ruminant rations permits the diversion of available vegetable proteins to the feeding of other classes of livestock and usually reduces the cost of well-balanced fattening rations. Within the past 20 years, many of the basic factors involved in the bacterial synthesis of protein from non-protein nitrogen in the rumen have been discovered. Urea has been fed as a partial substitute for crude protein in many beef cattle feeding trials. The results of these trials have demonstrated that urea can be used as a partial replacement with no apparent change in quality of beef produced if the rations are correctly balanced nutritionally.
Topic model-based mass spectrometric data analysis in cancer biomarker discovery studies.

A fundamental challenge in quantitation of biomolecules for cancer biomarker discovery is owing to the heterogeneous nature of human biospecimens. Although this issue has been a subject of discussion in cancer genomic studies, it has not yet been rigorously investigated in mass spectrometry based proteomic and metabolomic studies. Purification of mass spectometric data is highly desired prior to subsequent analysis, e.g., quantitative comparison of the abundance of biomolecules in biological samples. We investigated topic models to computationally analyze mass spectrometric data considering both integrated peak intensities and scan-level features, i.e., extracted ion chromatograms (EICs). Probabilistic generative models enable flexible representation in data structure and infer sample-specific pure resources. Scan-level modeling helps alleviate information loss during data preprocessing. We evaluated the capability of the proposed models in capturing mixture proportions of contaminants and cancer profiles on LC-MS based serum proteomic and GC-MS based tissue metabolomic datasets acquired from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis as well as synthetic data we generated based on the serum proteomic data. The results we obtained by analysis of the synthetic data demonstrated that both intensity-level and scan-level purification models can accurately infer the mixture proportions and the underlying true cancerous sources with small average error ratios (<7 %) between estimation and ground truth. By applying the topic model-based purification to mass spectrometric data, we found more proteins and metabolites with significant changes between HCC cases and cirrhotic controls. Candidate biomarkers selected after purification yielded biologically meaningful pathway analysis results and improved disease discrimination power in terms of the area under ROC curve compared to the results found prior to purification. We investigated topic model-based inference methods to computationally address the heterogeneity issue in samples analyzed by LC/GC-MS. We observed that incorporation of scan-level features have the potential to lead to more accurate purification results by alleviating the loss in information as a result of integrating peaks. We believe cancer biomarker discovery studies that use mass spectrometric analysis of human biospecimens can greatly benefit from topic model-based purification of the data prior to statistical and pathway analyses.
Final Causality in Contemporary Physics

L'A. interroge la physique contemporaine pour resoudre un probleme metaphysique: la relation des causes a l'etre. Il etudie les quatre causes et en particulier la cause finale, avant d'examiner la maniere dont la theorie quantique assume cette problematique
Individuals Expressing FcγRIIIA-158 V/V and V/F Show Increased NK Cell Surface Expression of FcgRIIIA (CD16), Rituximab Binding, and Demonstrate Higher Levels of ADCC Activity in Response to Rituximab.

The homozygous expression of phenylalanine (F/F) at codon 158 of FcγRIIIa (CD16) is associated with inferior clinical responses to the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in contrast to higher response rates observed for Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia patients expressing at least one valine (V/F, V/V) and follicular NHL patients who are homozygous for valine (V/V). We attempted elucidate the potential basic mechanism(s) behind these clinical observations by analyzing all the potential implications of this polymorphism among the 3 polymorphic subgroups at FcγRIIIA-158 (F/F, V/F, and V/V). We therefore used peripheral blood isolated natural killer (NK) cells from a pool of 52 unrelated healthy donors who were genotyped for FcγRIIIA-158. We evaluated allele-specific differences for FcγRIIIa gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR and demonstrated higher transcript levels among V/V (23.2 ng/mL) versus V/F (6.7 ng/mL) and F/F (6.2 ng/mL) (p
Testing Multiple Conceptualizations of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Youth

Recent theories conceptualize oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as a two-dimensional construct with angry/irritable (i.e., affective) and argumentative/defiant (i.e., behavioral) components. This view has been supported by studies of nonreferred youth but not yet examined in clinic-referred youth. In a reanalysis of data regarding children who received one of two psychosocial ODD treatments, we examined multiple conceptualizations of ODD, whether children showed improvements across these ODD dimensions, and whether main and joint effects of ODD dimension improvement predicted clinical outcome. One hundred thirty-four clinic-referred youth (ages 7-14 years, 38% female, 84% White) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) criteria for ODD received 1 of 2 psychosocial treatments. At pretreatment, 1-week follow-up, and 6-month follow-up, mothers reported child aggression and conduct problems, clinicians reported global clinical impairment and clinical improvement, and ODD symptom counts were collected from a semistructured diagnostic interview with mothers. Baseline ODD symptom were used to test previously supported multidimensional models. One- and two-factor conceptualizations were supported; however, the two-factor solution was preferred. With this solution, each dimension significantly and similarly improved across treatment conditions. Improvements across affective and behavioral ODD factors also had significant effects on clinician- and mother-reported clinical outcomes. The current findings provide empirical support for the ongoing study of multidimensional ODD conceptualizations in clinic-referred youth.
Distinct Regulation of History-dependent Responses by Two Cortical Interneuron Populations

Cortical responses to repeated stimuli are highly dynamic and rapidly adaptive. Such rapid changes are prominent in all sensory cortices, across which many aspects of circuitry are conserved. As an example, in the auditory cortex, preceding sounds can powerfully suppress responses to later, spectrally similar sounds, a phenomenon called forward suppression. Whether cortical inhibitory networks shape such suppression, or whether it is wholly regulated by common mechanisms such as synaptic depression or spike-frequency adaptation, is controversial. Here, we show that optogenetically suppressing somatostatin-positive interneurons reveals facilitation in neurons that are normally forward-suppressed. This is accompanied by a weakening of forward suppression, suggesting that these interneurons regulate the strength of forward interactions. In contrast, inactivating parvalbumin-positive interneurons does not change suppression strength, but does alter its frequency-dependence. These results establish a role of cortical inhibition in forward suppression and link specific aspects of rapid sensory adaptation to genetically distinct interneuron types.
Effect of sucralose on the enzyme kinetics of invertase using real-time NMR spectroscopy and progress curve analysis

Abstract Sucralose, a derivative of sucrose, is widely used in noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NAS). Contrary to the belief that sucralose is physiologically inert and a healthy alternative sweetener to natural sugar, emerging studies indicate that sucralose alters the host metabolism as well as the composition of the microbiome. In this manuscript, we use real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate that sucralose alters the enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose. The real-time NMR progress curve analysis suggests that sucralose has the characteristic of a competitive inhibitor on the kinetics of the enzymatic process. This affects the rate of glucose production, and thus indirectly affecting the mutarotation process of α-D-glucose to β-D-glucose conversion. At a 1:2 M ratio of sucrose to sucralose, the results show that the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme is reduced by more than 50% in comparison to the measurements without sucralose. Altogether, as sucralose alters the rate of glucose production, sucralose cannot be considered inert to the metabolism as several downstream events in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems strongly depend on the rate of glucose metabolism.
The structural basis of IRF-3 recruitment, activation, and targeting in innate immunity

Type I interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines mediating innate antiviral immunity. cGAS, RLRs, and TLRs recognize microbial DNA, RNA, and LPS to induce the expression of type I IFNs. These signaling pathways converge at the recruitment and activation of IRF-3. STING, MAVS, and TRIF mediate the recruitment of IRF-3 through a conserved p L x IS motif. Here we show that the p L x IS motif of phosphorylated STING, MAVS, and TRIF binds to IRF-3 in a similar manner, while residues upstream of the motif confer specificity. The structure of IRF-3 phosphomimetic mutant S386/396E bound to CBP reveals that the p L x IS motif also mediates IRF-3 dimerization and activation. Moreover, rotavirus NSP1 employs a p L x IS motif to target IRF-3 for degradation. However, phosphorylation of NSP1 is not required for its activity. These results suggest a concerted mechanism for recruitment and activation of IRF-3 that can be subverted by viral proteins to evade innate immune response.
A model for health care resources adjudication for Chile

A model for adjudication of health care resources which gathers the comparative experience and the analysis developed by specialized literature, must start from the premise that the application of exclusion mechanisms of patients openly discriminatory —such as those happening with rationing criteria by Plan AUGE related to the age of patient, his/her place of residence or his/her health status— are unacceptable, since they do not agree with the universality exigency in health care access of any system compromise with millennium health goals for equity.
Connexin 43 coupling in bovine cumulus cells, during the follicular growth phase, and its relationship to in vitro embryo outcomes.

Gap junctional coupling between cumulus cells is required for oocytes to reach developmental competence. Multiple connexins, which form these gap junctions, have been found within the ovarian follicles of several species including bovine. The aim of this study was to determine the role of connexin 43 (CX43) and its relationship to embryo development, after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained from abattoir sourced, mixed breed, bovine ovaries. COCs were isolated from follicles ranging from 2 to 5 mm in size, representing the preselected follicle pool. Immediately after isolation, two cumulus cell biopsies were collected and stored for analysis pending determination of developmental outcomes. Using in vitro procedures, COCs were individually matured, fertilized, and cultured to the blastocyst stage. Biopsies were grouped as originating from COCs that arrested at the two-cell stage (low developmental competence [LDC]) or having developed to the late morula/blastocyst stage (high developmental competence [HDC]), after IVF and embryo culture. The expression level of CX43 was found to be significantly higher in cumulus cells from COCs that had an HDC when compared with those that had an LDC. Moreover, the gap junctional intercellular coupling rate was significantly higher in cumulus from COCs deemed to have an HDC. Significantly higher expression of the cumulus health markers luteinizing hormone receptor and cytochrome p450 19A1 was found in the cumulus originating from oocytes with HDC, suggesting that this system may provide a mechanism for noninvasively testing for oocyte health in preselected bovine follicles.
Oxygen isotope composition of the Phanerozoic ocean and a possible solution to the dolomite problem.

The 18O/16O of calcite fossils increased by ∼8‰ between the Cambrian and present. It has long been controversial whether this change reflects evolution in the δ18O of seawater, or a decrease in ocean temperatures, or greater extents of diagenesis of older strata. Here, we present measurements of the oxygen and ‟clumped” isotope compositions of Phanerozoic dolomites and compare these data with published oxygen isotope studies of carbonate rocks. We show that the δ18O values of dolomites and calcite fossils of similar age overlap one another, suggesting they are controlled by similar processes. Clumped isotope measurements of Cambrian to Pleistocene dolomites imply crystallization temperatures of 15–158 °C and parent waters having δ18OVSMOW values from −2 to +12‰. These data are consistent with dolomitization through sediment/rock reaction with seawater and diagenetically modified seawater, over timescales of 100 My, and suggest that, like dolomite, temporal variations of the calcite fossil δ18O record are largely driven by diagenetic alteration. We find no evidence that Phanerozoic seawater was significantly lower in δ18O than preglacial Cenozoic seawater. Thus, the fluxes of oxygen–isotope exchange associated with weathering and hydrothermal alteration reactions have remained stable throughout the Phanerozoic, despite major tectonic, climatic and biologic perturbations. This stability implies that a long-term feedback exists between the global rates of seafloor spreading and weathering. We note that massive dolomites have crystallized in pre-Cenozoic units at temperatures >40 °C. Since Cenozoic platforms generally have not reached such conditions, their thermal immaturity could explain their paucity of dolomites.
Protecting Personal Identification in Video

In this chapter, we present some studies on protecting personal identification in video. First, we discuss and evaluate automatic face masking techniques for obscuring human faces in video. Second, a user study is presented to reveal that face-masked video can be attacked using pair-wise constraints. Next, we propose an algorithm to show that this type of pair-wise constraint attack can be implemented using state-of-the-art machine learning approaches. Finally, a new obscuring approach is proposed to avoid the pair-wise constraint attack. The proposed approach protects people’s identity by obscuring the texture information of the entire body.
The prognostic value of inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (INPP5A) has been shown to play a role in development and progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The goal of the current study was to explore the prognostic value of INPP5A expression in cSCC. Methods A total of 189 cases of actinic keratosis and SCC in 174 patients were identified; clinical and outcome data were abstracted, histopathology was rereviewed, and immunohistochemical staining and interpretation was performed for INPP5A. Results The majority of tumors (89.4%) had an INPP5A score of 2 or 3. No patients had complete loss of INPP5A. Tumors with an INPP5A score of 1 were more likely to be intermediate- to high-risk tumors (Brigham and Women's Hospital stage ≥T2a 85.0% vs 23.7% [P Conclusions Low INPP5A scores are predictive of aggressive tumors and may be a useful adjunct to guide clinical management of cSCC.
Traffic Flow Classification Using Traffic Cameras

Traffic flow classification is an integrated task of traffic management and network mobility. In this work, a feature collection system is developed to collect the moving and appearance-based features of traffic images, and their performance are evaluated by different machine learning techniques including Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The experimental results for a challenging highway video with three traffic flow classes of light, medium and heavy indicates the highest performance of CNN with \(90\%\) accuracy.
The AIDS Consumer Movement and the FDA: A Potential Paradigm Shift in Health Care Policy:

AIDS is having a dramatic effect on our society. As a result, a consumer movement has been formed which is seeking to change the way drugs are tested and used. In response, the FDA has slowly begun...
Assessing Analytical and Functional Similarity of Proposed Amgen Biosimilar ABP 980 to Trastuzumab.

ABP 980 has been developed as a biosimilar to Herceptin® (trastuzumab). Comprehensive analytical characterization incorporating orthogonal analytical techniques was used to compare ABP 980 to trastuzumab reference products sourced from the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). Physicochemical property comparisons included the following: primary structure related to amino acid sequence and post-translational modifications, including glycans; higher-order structure; product-related substances and impurities, including size and charge variants; subvisible and submicron particles, and protein content. In addition, functional similarity was assessed for Fab-mediated, Fc-mediated, and combined Fab- and Fc-mediated activities. ABP 980 has the same amino acid sequence as and similar post-translational modification profiles to trastuzumab (US) and trastuzumab (EU). Importantly, ABP 980 was found to be highly similar to trastuzumab for all functional activities related to the mechanism(s) of action. Higher-order structure, product-related substances and impurities, particles and aggregates were also highly similar between ABP 980 and trastuzumab. Where minor differences were noted, they were evaluated and found unlikely to impact clinical performance. The totality of evidence, including the pharmacokinetic clinical similarity of ABP 980, further supports that ABP 980 is highly similar to trastuzumab. Based on the comprehensive analytical similarity assessment, ABP 980 is analytically highly similar to the reference product, trastuzumab.
Development of an Antibiotic Guideline for Children With Suspected Ventilator-Associated Infections.

Objectives:To develop a guideline for the decision to continue or stop antibiotics at 48–72 hours after their initiation in children with suspected ventilator-associated infection.Design:Prospective, multicenter observational data collection and subsequent development of an antibiotic guideline.Sett
Measurement of quadratic terahertz nonlinearities in time-domain spectroscopy (Conference Presentation)

Optical response of materials to intense terahertz electric fields has become a new frontier in optics in the recent decade. We focus on the nonlinear optical responses that are quadratic in terahertz electric field, which can arise in second and third orders of nonlinearity. The second order nonlinear polarizability can lead to terahertz second harmonic generation, a phenomenon that has not been experimentally observed yet. The difficulty in detecting terahertz second harmonic generation stems from vanishingly small conversion efficiencies in this region of spectrum. However, an additional experimental difficulty results from a significant overlap of the fundamental and second-harmonic terahertz pulses both in the time and frequency domain. This makes it hard to distinguish the second harmonic from the fundamental terahertz wave. The third order nonlinear polarizability results in terahertz Kerr effect, which has been observed as an induced gating-beam birefringence that is quadratic in terahertz electric field. In noncentrosymmetric materials, terahertz Kerr effect may coexist with terahertz Pockels effect that is commonly used for time-domain terahertz detection via electro-optic sampling. Distinguishing the terahertz Kerr effect from the Pockels effect can also be difficult if the latter is significantly stronger. In this paper, we will present a method for measuring quadratic terahertz nonlinearities based on the second-harmonic lock-in detection in a time-domain electro-optic sampling experiment. We illustrate our method using a measurement of terahertz Kerr effect in a zinc blende semiconductor in geometry where both terahertz Kerr and Pockels effects are present. We will also discuss the possibility of measuring terahertz second harmonic generation in metamaterials.
Wartime ties and the social logic of crime

While ex-combatant reintegration is vital to successful transitions from war to peace, some former fighters turn to crime following demobilization. Such criminality undermines the consolidation of ...
Joseph Ratzinger as Doctor of Incarnate Beauty

This paper argues that Joseph Ratzinger is a theologian with the stature of a Church Doctor, notwithstanding the fact that he did not develop a theological system in the manner of other ‘big name’ ...
Unusually broad x-ray emission lines: L. gamma. /sub 2,3/(L/sub 1/N/sub 2,3/) spectra of /sub 50/Sn, /sub 52/Te, and /sub 53/I

The $L{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2,3}({L}_{1}{N}_{2,3}$) x-ray emission spectra from $_{50}\mathrm{Sn}$, $_{52}\mathrm{Te}$, and $_{53}\mathrm{I}$, excited by direct electron bombardment, were measured with a double-crystal monochromator. The spectral profiles are similar to their $4p$ energy-level-region x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), with base widths of about 50 eV. The origin of these unusual line profiles is attributed to many-body effects in their final states which are comparable to their respective XPS final states.
Short-term variability in subjective memory decline: the influence of age and neuroticism.

This study was designed to investigate whether differences in age and neuroticism would predict short-term change in subjective memory decline. The sample consisted of 52 younger adult (M age = 21....
Developing Awareness of Questioning Strategies for Second Language Learner Teachers

Asking varying levels of questions within the cognitive domain is not an innate skill, which is especially true with English as a second language learner teachers. To develop their awareness of teacher questioning strategies, an eight-week quasi-experimental study, designed based on the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001) has explicitly taught participants (N=14) questioning strategies of asking varying levels of questions and Divergent Questions through intense restructuring activities and a Question-Question Game. Pre-and post-tests, and pre-and post-questionnaires, including question journals, are administered. The results, compared with the control group (N = 7) using paired-samples t tests show that explicit instruction has developed participants' awareness of formulating levels and varieties of questions. Participants have significantly (t(13) = 3.67, p < .05) asked more higher order questions such as Analysis Questions. They have also significantly (t(13) = -2.85, p < .05) reduced lower order questions such as Understand Questions resulting from the promoted awareness of their existing strategies. Analysis of the qualitative data provides supporting evidence, further indicating specific questioning levels and cognitive processes for which L2 learner teachers lack awareness. This study is the first one that has experimentally taught L2 teacher questioning through the Revised Taxonomy and opens new directions for teacher training.
Automated Vehicle Control

In this chapter we outlined a design for a longitudinal and a lateral controller and discussed communication technologies and sensor requirements for automated vehicles. We highlighted benefits in safety that may be expected due to use of automation. We presented how the presence of lateral sensors and automated lane changing in fully automated vehicles has the potential to improve safety on freeways. We observed that automated vehicles among manual ones in mixed traffic behave like a filter and smooth the traffic flow characteristics when following fast accelerating manual vehicles, without changing the total travel time. This smoothing out of the traffic flow is expected to have a beneficial environmental impact and decrease fuel consumption.
A White Paper on National, Military, and College Reports on Prosecution of Sexual Assaults and Victims’ Rights

In response to recent calls for major reforms to the American military justice system, which are apparently based on continuing Congressional concerns about sexual assaults in the military, the authors present statistical data on sexual assaults from a number of sources: national crime statistics; military crime statistics; crime statistics from several states, and statistics from a university. The authors also present information on the tremendous strides that have been made in recent years to protect the rights of military victims of sexual assault, noting that some of those rights are not found in federal or state criminal justice systems. Finally, the authors conclude that the rate of sexual assaults in the military is lower than for other civilian jurisdictions. Military victims report offenses at a higher rate than the jurisdictions examined.
Abraham Kuyper's 'Calvinism and Politics'

This article examines Abraham Kuyper’s famous Stone Lecture on “Calvinism and Politics.” Kuyper was one of the most remarkable men of the 19th and 20th centuries. He was a pastor, author, business leader, and statesman. He founded and edited two newspapers, established the Free University of Amsterdam, and served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands. He famously declared, "There is not a square inch in the whole domain of our human existence over which Christ, who is sovereign over all, does not cry 'Mine!'” The article considers how Kuyper’s lecture, though over a century old, continues to help us today in wrestling with issues like these: 1) How should a Christian view government? 2) Are there meaningful limits on governmental power? 3) How should a Christian view philosophies that reject a higher law? In a world where government seems omnipresent and one wonders whether there are any limits to its reach or how much room exists for other civil societies, Kuyper offers encouragement and possible alternatives. The article provides an opportunity to explore the mind of a man who refused to live a fragmented, compartmentalized life — who was dedicated to engaging his world with the implications of God’s sovereignty over all of life.
Ki67 does not predict recurrence for low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms with peritoneal dissemination after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC.

Summary Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) can disseminate to become low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei (LGMCP), which is optimally treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). Approximately half of the patients with LGMCP recur despite complete cytoreduction, and risk factors for recurrence are poorly understood. We sought to evaluate if Ki67 predicts progression of LGMCP after CRS/HIPEC. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed to identify patients treated with complete CRS/HIPEC for LGMCP from 2008 to 2019 with Ki67 assessed. Patient characteristics, histologic data, average and focally high “hotspot”) Ki67 index, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Ki-67 immunostain was performed on the histologic section with the highest cellularity and architectural complexity. Forty-four patients with LGMCP (55% male, median age 61) were identified. The median Ki67 score and hotspot Ki67 score was 15% (1–70) and 50% (1–90), respectively. On univariate analysis, average Ki67 and hotspot Ki67 were not predictive of PFS when analyzed as continuous normalized values (HR 1.0, p = 0.79 and HR 1.1, p = 0.38, respectively) or as categorical values when stratified by the median (HR 0.9, p = 0.67 and HR 1.0, p = 0.93). This remained true on multivariate analysis when stratified for peritoneal cancer index, CEA, and completeness of cytoreduction score for both normalized Ki67 and hotspot Ki67 (HR 0.9 [95% CI 0.8–1.3], p = 0.94 and HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.8–1.3], p = 0.73, respectively). Ki67 failed to predict disease recurrence for patients with LGMCP in this cohort.
The DEVIL is in the Details: A Diagnostic Evaluation Benchmark for Video Inpainting.

Quantitative evaluation has increased dramatically among recent video inpainting work, but the video and mask content used to gauge performance has received relatively little attention. Although attributes such as camera and background scene motion inherently change the difficulty of the task and affect methods differently, existing evaluation schemes fail to control for them, thereby providing minimal insight into inpainting failure modes. To address this gap, we propose the Diagnostic Evaluation of Video Inpainting on Landscapes (DEVIL) benchmark, which consists of two contributions: (i) a novel dataset of videos and masks labeled according to several key inpainting failure modes, and (ii) an evaluation scheme that samples slices of the dataset characterized by a fixed content attribute, and scores performance on each slice according to reconstruction, realism, and temporal consistency quality. By revealing systematic changes in performance induced by particular characteristics of the input content, our challenging benchmark enables more insightful analysis into video inpainting methods and serves as an invaluable diagnostic tool for the field. Our code is available at this https URL .
Lip Gloss, Fatigues, and Fear: Life in the Combat Zone

In this chapter, women discuss their fear of living and working in the warzone of Vietnam, their fear of sexual violence, and the strategies they developed to escape the stressful nature of their jobs. Documented in this chapter are the accounts of sexual violence and harassment these women experienced while serving in Vietnam. Women also reflect on their role as caretakers and morale boosters illuminating the gendered nature of nursing. Their struggles to maintain their identity as nurses and women illustrate the military’s attempt to militarize them and their struggle to resist. Women also remember their interactions with Vietnamese civilians, workers, and prostitutes. Lastly, their experiences in the Vietnam War force us to rethink preconceived notions regarding women and combat.