cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micromechanics of Composites

In this chapter we consider the results of incorporating a reinforcement (fibers, whiskers, particles, etc.) in a matrix to make a composite. It is of great importance to be able to predict the properties of a composite, given the properties of the components and the geometric arrangement of the components in the composite. We examine various micromechanical aspects of composites. A particularly simple case is the rule-of-mixtures, a rough tool that considers the composite properties as volume-weighted averages of the component properties. It is important to realize that the rule-of-mixtures works in only certain simple situations. Composite density is an example where the rule-of-mixtures is applied readily. In the case of mechanical properties, there are certain restrictions to its applicability. When more precise information is desired, it is better to use more sophisticated approaches based on the theory of elasticity.
AN ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL CONSERVATION EFFORT OF CRP PARTICIPANTS IN THE STATE OF MISSOURI: A LATENT VARIABLE APPROACH

This study investigated the influence of economic, personal, and attitudinal factors on the intended conservation effort of a sample of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contract holders after their contracts have expired. Economic factors were found to dominate the decision about future conservation effort. Attitudes towards conservation were found to have no significant influence on the decision. This fact may relate to the recent changes in the regulatory environment brought about by the 1985 Food Security Act which changed conservation from a voluntary to regulated nature.
Vascularization and cellular isolation potential of a novel electrospun cell delivery vehicle.

A clinical need exists for a cell delivery device that supports long term cell viability, cell retention within the device and retrieval of delivered cells if necessary. Previously, cell isolation devices have been based on hollow fiber membranes, porous polymer scaffolds, alginate systems, or micro-machined membranes. We present the development and characterization of a novel dual porosity electrospun membrane based device, which supports cellular infiltration and vascularization of its outer porous layer and maintains cellular isolation within a lumen bounded by an inner low porosity layer. Electrospinning conditions were initially established to support electrospun fiber deposition onto nonconductive silicone surfaces. With these parameters established, devices for in vivo evaluations were produced using nylon as a nonconductive scaffold for deposition of dual porosity electrospun fibers. The outer porous layer supported the development of a penetrating microcirculation and the membrane supported the transfer of insulin from encapsulated sustained release pellets for four weeks. Viable cells implanted within the device could be identified after two weeks of implantation. Through the successful demonstration of survival and cellular isolation of human epithelial cells within the implanted devices and the ability to use the device to deliver insulin, we have established the utility of this device toward localized cell transplantation. The Cell Delivery Device establishes a platform to test the feasibility of approaches to cell dose control and cell localization at the site of implantation in the clinical use of modified autologous or allogeneic cells.
Quality of Life Following ACL Reconstruction: Baseline Predictors of Patient-Reported Outcomes

The study by Dunn et al., "Baseline Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A longitudinal analysis of a multicenter cohort at two and six years," evaluates patient factors that are predictive of outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The current review critically analyzes the findings of this study in light of the current body of literature on the subject and assesses its contribution to the development of evidence-based guidelines. The authors' primary endpoint, the Short Form-36 (SF-36), is used ubiquitously in health care research and allows their results to be compared across different disease states and studies. Despite its widespread use, the SF-36 has been shown to be sensitive to outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The authors' use of generic health-related quality of life outcome as a primary endpoint represents an important contribution to the field, and their findings allow for improved preoperative counseling by identifying baseline patient factors that predict outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Furthermore, by deriving utilities from SF-36 scores, the authors are able to assess the value of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction as compared to other medical and surgical procedures.
Echocardiographic criteria to distinguish reversible from irreversible myocardial ischaemia

This treatise reviews two-dimensional echocardiographic criteria which have been developed to describe and distinguish reversible vs irreversible myocardial ischaemia. It also discusses the new pathophysiologic concepts such as 'hibernating' and 'decapitated' myocardium, and also 'reperfusion injury' and 'stunned' myocardium, complications which may supervene following reperfusion of jeopardized ischaemic myocardium. Computerized regional and global wall-motion analysis is now usually measured from enhanced endocardial edges. Provocative interventions can contribute information regarding viability of jeopardized ischaemic regions by testing contractile response of the myocardium to afterload reducing agents such as nitroglycerine or nitroprusside. They can also validate viability by demonstrating that post-extrasystolic beats can still cause potentiation. Ultrasonic contrast washout half-life of the myocardium which is compromised by stenotic coronary arteries provides a promising method for supplying information about the coronary perfusion defects and flow reserve. The decrease in global or regional ejection fraction following exercise echocardiography may show if jeopardized ischaemic myocardium is irreversibly damaged. A new hypercontractility phenomenon is described following brief coronary occlusions such as during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, or after sudden release of angiospasm, and this should be considered a sign of viability. Increase in end-diastolic wall thickness and echo amplitudes immediately after reperfusion of ischaemic segments is often associated with reversibly damaged myocardium.
Observing and cardiac responses of human infants to visual stimuli

Abstract Three measures—fixation time, heart period change, and lateney of heart period change—were derived from 6-month-old infants' responses to visual stimuli. During an initial familiarization phase consisting of 16 stimulus presentations, half the Ss were exposed to a picture of a ball, the remaining Ss to a picture of a clown. No evidence of response decrements to either stimulus was obtained in this phase. In a subsequently administered test phase during which the previously exposed and a new stimulus were presented, the heart period latency measure proved sensitive to the interstimulus familiarity manipulation involved. Although there was also an effect on heart period change, this result was sex dependent. Significantly larger decelerations were shown by the males, but not by the females, to the nonfamiliarized as compared with the familiarized picture. Visual tixation times failed to differ significantly for the two stimuli during the test phase. In both the familiarization and test phases, heart rate deceleration was the predominant response accompanying stimulus fixation.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Protect Oligodendrocytes from Brain Ischemia through Akt Signal Transduction

Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells protect the brain against ischemic injury, yet the mechanism of protection remains unclear. Using both in vitro and in vivo paradigms, this study examined the role of Akt signaling and peroxiredoxin 4 expression in human umbilical cord blood cell-mediated protection of oligodendrocytes from ischemic conditions. As previously reported, the addition of HUCB cells to oligodendrocyte cultures prior to oxygen glucose deprivation significantly enhanced oligodendrocyte survival. The presence of human umbilical cord blood cells also increased Akt phosphorylation and elevated peroxiredoxin 4 expression in oligodendrocytes. Blocking either Akt or peroxiredoxin 4 activity with Akt Inhibitor IV or a peroxiredoxin 4-neutralizing antibody, respectively, negated the protective effects of human umbilical cord blood cells. In vivo, systemic administration of human umbilical cord blood cells 48 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion increased Akt phosphorylation and peroxiredoxin 4 protein expression while reducing proteolytic cleavage of caspase 3 in oligodendrocytes residing in the ipsilateral external capsule. Moreover, human umbilical cord blood cells protected striatal white matter bundles from degeneration following middle cerebral artery occlusion. These results suggest that the soluble factors released from human umbilical cord blood cells converge on Akt to elevate peroxiredoxin 4 levels, and these effects contribute to oligodendrocyte survival.
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) has been recently associated with watery diarrheal disease in livestock and young children. These strains of B. fragilis secrete an extracellular heat-labile protein toxin with a mess of approximately 20 kD. This toxin has been shown to have two major biological activities: stimulation of secretion in ligated intestinal segments in lambs and calves and alteration of the morphology of intestinal epithelial cell lines in vitro. In vivo the pathology of animal intestine exposed to an ETBF strain is disruption of the colonic epithelium with rounded, swollen surface epithelial cells. Similarly, in vitro intestinal epithelial cells derived from human colonic carcinomas become rounded and detach from neighboring cells after treatment with the ETBF toxin. These results suggest that the ETBF toxin is a secretory cytoskeleton-altering toxin. However, the contribution of the ETBF toxin to the pathogenesis of ETBF-associated diarrheal disease remains to be determined.
RE: OSTEOPOROSIS AFTER ORCHIECTOMY FOR PROSTATE CANCER

ABSTRACTPurpose: The possibility of increased osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures following therapeutic orchiectomy in men with prostate cancer was investigated.Materials and Methods: A total of 235 men with nonstage A prostate cancer diagnosed between 1983 and 1990 was analyzed for therapeutic orchiectomy, other osteoporotic risk factors and subsequent hospital treatment for osteoporotic fractures. The 17 castrated men alive in 1995 were interviewed, and femoral neck bone mineral density was compared to that of 23 controls of similar age.Results: Risk factors for osteoporosis, including smoking, slender habitus and atrophic testes, were common among men treated with orchiectomy. Of the men in the study cohort 10 had osteoporotic fractures: 8 of 59 treated with and 2 of 176 without orchiectomy (13.6 versus 1.1%, p <0.001). First fracture cumulative incidence rates 7 years after castration or diagnosis were 28 and 1%, respectively (p <0.001). Osteoporotic fractures were much more common than pathologic...
Influence of divinyl ether-maleic anhydride (pyran) on foot-and-mouth disease virus infection: Effect on adsorption and multiplication in mouse tissues

The mechanism of resistance to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) which occurs 2 days after divinyl ether-maleic only anhydride (pyran copolymer) treatment but diminishes by the 7th day was investigated. Adsorption of virus by minced infant mouse spleen, muscle, kidney, heart or liver was not affected either at 2 days or 7 days after treatment of the mice with pyran. However,in vitro multiplication of FMDV in minced kidney was affected by pyran at both times. The resistance of mice 2 days after treatment was related to absence of virus in muscle, kidney, and spleen tissues. Seven days after pyran administration, however, FMDV was recovered from muscle and spleen but not kidney. Interferon was recovered from various tissues 2 days but not 7 days after mice were injected with pyran. Other unknown polymer-induced antiviral factors as well as interferon may have been related to the resistance mechanism.
A miniature, skull-mounted, multiple connector for small animals.

Miniature skull mounted multiple connector for small animals suitable for brain stimulation work
Instability, Turbulence, and 3D Magnetic Reconnection in a Line-Tied, Zero Net Current Screw Pinch

The first laboratory experiments of a zero net current plasma show instabilities and turbulence expected from solar flare and coronal heating theories.
Response to Helm, Quinn, and Westphal

Before beginning my response, let me express the honour I feel in having these three friends and distinguished philosophical colleagues comment so thoughtfully on my ideas in Divine Discourse. I warmly thank them for their ‘labours’.I propose mirroring the general structure of the book itself in my response. First, I'll consider what Helm says about my delineation of the topic, second, what Quinn says about my discussion of God speaking; third, what Westphal says about my discussion of interpreting for God's speech; and last, what Quinn says about my discussion of the epistemology of believing that God speaks.
Five-field simulations of peeling-ballooning modes using BOUT++ code

The simulations of edge localized modes (ELMs) with a 5-field peeling-ballooning (P-B) model using BOUT++ code are reported in this paper. In order to study the particle and energy transport in the pedestal region, the pressure equation is separated into ion density and ion and electron temperature equations. Through the simulations, the length scale Ln of the gradient of equilibrium density ni0 is found to destabilize the P-B modes in ideal MHD model. With ion diamagnetic effects, the growth rate is inversely proportional to ni0 at medium toroidal mode number n. For the nonlinear simulations, the gradient of ni0 in the pedestal region can more than double the ELM size. This increasing effect can be suppressed by thermal diffusivities χ∥, employing the flux limited expression. Thermal diffusivities are sufficient to suppress the perturbations at the top of pedestal region. These suppressing effects lead to smaller ELM size of P-B modes.
Elliptic yield cap constitutive modeling for high porosity sandstone

Abstract Field and laboratory investigators have observed thin, tabular zones of localized compressional deformation without shear in high porosity sandstone. These ‘compaction bands’ display greatly reduced porosity, and may affect the withdrawal of fluids from reservoirs. Studies addressing band formation as a type of strain localization predict the onset of the bands in a range of constitutive parameters roughly consistent with experiments, but are highly dependent on the constitutive relation used. In particular, the hardening modulus in shear and the slope of the yield surface in a plot of shear stress versus mean compressive stress are critical to localization predictions. Previous yield cap constitutive models employed a single deformation criterion, linking hydrostatic and shear response. In this work, we propose an elliptic yield cap model employing separate inelastic deformation parameters along each axis of the ellipse. The two deformation parameters allow the proposed surface to change in aspect ratio as it deforms, and allow a negative hardening modulus in shear without a negative hydrostatic modulus. Some cases with simplified modeling are shown for illustrative purposes, followed by a comparison with existing models. The proposed model displays similar strain behavior to the other models, but predicts localization under less restrictive conditions.
Observation of different lifetimes for atomic states excited with linearly and circularly polarized light.

Lifetimes of orientation and alignment of excited atomic states examined in level crossing and optical double resonance experiments employing polarized light
The growth of private higher education in Brazil: implications for issues of equity, quality and public benefit

There has been a dramatic growth in private higher education in Brazil in recent years. The World Bank has promoted this expansion on the basis of the private providers" ability to ensure a rapid increase in enrolment, to improve quality through competition between institutions, and to secure benefits for society at little public cost. However, the charging of fees means that the majority of Brazilians do not have access, and that inequalities are reproduced due to the relation between course costs and the value of the final diploma. Equitable access is, therefore, far from being achieved and is unlikely even with an increase in student loans and government subsidies. The contribution of private universities to the long-term development of society is seen to be limited due to lack of investment in research and community service.
Effects of scale change on distance perception in virtual environments

We conducted two experiments to investigate effects of scale changes on distance perception in virtual environments. In both experiments, participants first made distance estimates with feedback in a virtual tunnel (adaptation) and then made distance estimates without feedback in a differently sized environment (test). We examined two types of scale changes. In the "Tunnel Scaled" conditions, only the size of the tunnel changed from adaptation to test. In the "All Scaled" conditions, both the tunnel and target sizes changed from adaptation to test, along with the distance between the targets. Both experiments were carried out in an HMD. In the first experiment, participants made distance estimates by moving to targets via a joystick. In the "All Scaled" condition, participants overshot relative to adaptation when going from a large to a small environment, and they undershot relative to adaptation when going from a small to a large environment. We found almost no effects of scale change in either direction when only the tunnel was scaled at test. Experiment 2 was the same except that subjects made distance estimates via blindfolded walking. The pattern of results was the same, though the size of the overshoot/undershoot was attenuated. The discussion focuses on explanations for the effects of scale changes on distance estimates.
Potent men undergoing radical prostatectomy : A prospective study measuring sexual health outcomes and the impact of erectile dysfunction treatments

Abstract Introduction Radical prostatectomy (RP) can have a significant impact on sexual health. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in sexual health after RP, assess the impact of various treatments for erectile dysfunction, and define an appropriate endpoint for maintaining sexual health after surgery. Methods One hundred sixteen men with good preoperative sexual health undergoing RP completed a validated anonymous survey preop and annually thereafter. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the use of erectile dysfunction (ED) treatments. Endpoints for evaluation included an erection adequate for intercourse and a return to baseline in sexual domain scores. Results Overall there was a significant reduction in scores after surgery for each of the sexual health questions and the function and bother domains. ED treatments providing an erection adequate for intercourse resulted in domain scores significantly higher than those in men unable to achieve such an endpoint, and comparable to those of men returning to good native erectile function, but still lower than preop. Even in men with good preoperative sexual health, with erections adequate for intercourse postop, the return to baseline rate was only 26% in sexual function and 40% in sexual bother. Conclusion RP appears to have a significant impact on sexual health. Overall, ED treatments, when providing a functional erection, improve sexual health scores, even comparable to men returning to spontaneous erectile function. Although, men functioning well prior to surgery infrequently returned to their preoperative level of sexual health, even with return of native erectile function or the successful use of an ED treatment.
Pharmacological approaches to improving cognitive function in Down syndrome: current status and considerations

Down syndrome (DS), also known as trisomy 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). Although ID can be mild, the average intelligence quotient is in the range of 40–50. All individuals with DS will also develop the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the age of 30–40 years, and approximately half will display an AD-like dementia by the age of 60 years. DS is caused by an extra copy of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and the consequent elevated levels of expression, due to dosage, of trisomic genes. Despite a worldwide incidence of one in 700–1,000 live births, there are currently no pharmacological treatments available for ID or AD in DS. However, over the last several years, very promising results have been obtained with a mouse model of DS, the Ts65Dn. A diverse array of drugs has been shown to rescue, or partially rescue, DS-relevant deficits in learning and memory and abnormalities in cellular and electrophysiological features seen in the Ts65Dn. These results suggest that some level of amelioration or prevention of cognitive deficits in people with DS may be possible. Here, we review information from the preclinical evaluations in the Ts65Dn, how drugs were selected, how efficacy was judged, and how outcomes differ, or not, among studies. We also summarize the current state of human clinical trials for ID and AD in DS. Lastly, we describe the genetic limitations of the Ts65Dn as a model of DS, and in the preclinical testing of pharmacotherapeutics, and suggest additional targets to be considered for potential pharmacotherapies.
Testosterone propionate treatment of stallions: effects on secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in daily samples and after administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone

Abstract Ten stallions were used to determine if the stallion responds to administration of testosterone propionate (TP) with an increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion after administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) as has been previously observed for geldings and intact and ovariectomized mares. Five stallions were treated with TP (350 μg/kg of body weight) in safflower oil every other day for 11 days; control stallions received injections of safflower oil. The response to GnRH (1.0 μg/kg of body weight) was determined for all stallions before the onset of treatment (GnRH I) and at the end of treatment (GnRH II). Blood samples were also withdrawn daily from 3 days prior to treatment through GnRH II. Treatment with TP decreased (P .10) the GnRH-induced secretion of FSH. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) decreased (P
Type I frequency doubling at 1064 nm in LaCa4O(BO3)3 (LaCOB), GdCa4O(BO3)3 (GdCOB), and YCa4O(BO3)3 (YCOB)

We have grown and characterized LaCOB, a new member to the GdCOB family of nonlinear crystals. LaCOB has a deff of 0.52 ± 0.05 pm/V and an angular sensitivity of 1224 ±184 (cm-rad)'1 for type I frequency doubling at 1064 nm. The dαββ and dγββ coefficients of the nonlinear optical tensor for LaCOB, GdCOB, and YCOB were determined to have values of |0.26 ± 0.04| pm/V and 11.69 ± 0.17| pm/V, respectively. Results of phase-matching angle measurements at 1064 nm and 1047 nm predict LaCOB to be non-critically phase-matched (NCPM) at 1042 ±1.5 nm. We also estimate the thermal sensitivity of LaCOB to be less than 0.1 (cm-°C)−1.
Inhibition of leukocyte adherence by 3 M potassium chloride extracts of human malignant melanoma

The tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was performed using 3 M KCl extracts of malignant melanoma materials and leukocytes taken from 24 malignant melanoma patients. Of these patients, 21 participated in sequential studies which employed a minimum of 3 time points. An increasing non-adherence index (NAI) was found in 5 of 6 patients who exhibited a favorable disease course. In 5 of 6 patients with an unfavorable disease course, NAI values decreased. In 8 of 9 patients with stable disease, the NAI also was stable. These results indicate that the trend of sequential LAI studies reflects the clinical course of malignant melanoma patients.
Design of Settlements in the Vaastu Shastras

The architectural treatises of medieval India, the vaastu shastras, are based upon a metaphysical design philosophy which underlies the construction of furniture, vehicles, building details, buildings, and settlements. Design geometry is an abstraction of an anthropomorphic form called purusha which is also a symbol of self. The vaastu shastras outline a theory of environmental design based upon person-place identity. Both sacred and secular structures are governed by its design principles. Design of settlements is an elaboration of architectural design at an enhanced scale, using a similar vocabulary of forms, their symbolic meaning, and design expertise.
Rook-by-rook rook theory: Bijective proofs of rook and hit equivalences

Suppose @m and @n are integer partitions of n, and N>n. It is well known that the Ferrers boards associated to @m and @n are rook-equivalent iff the multisets [@m"i+i:1=
Fluid and electrolyte therapy: a primer

The prescription of fluid therapy in pediatrics is a common clinical event. The foundations that underpin such therapy should be understood by all clinicians involved in the short-term care of children. This article describes some important basic principles of fluid management.
Bovine submaxillary mucin.

A CONVENIENT method for the isolation of bovine submaxillary mucin in a relatively undegraded and homogeneous state compared to earlier methods1 has been developed in this Laboratory. Fresh glands (640 gm.) were ground and stirred mechanically with three changes of 500 ml. of cold water for a total of 54 hr. The pooled extracts were clarified by centrifuging at 26,3600g for 30 min. and adjusted to pH. 3.5. The resulting mucin clot was separated and dissolved in cold water by neutralization to 7.5, and lyophilized. The product was purified by solution in 500 ml. of cold 50 per cent (w/v) aqueous calcium chloride. After centrifugation at 26,360g for 30 min., the supernatant was fractionated with cold ethanol. The fraction separating at 60–75 per cent (v/v) ethanol was collected by centrifugation at 26,360g for 30 min., dissolved in water, dialysed against water and lyophilized. All procedures were carried out at 0–4° C. The yield was 0.64 and 2.5 per cent of the glands on fresh and dry weight basis, respectively. The recovery of sialic acid was 36 and 60 per cent of that in the extract and mucin clot, respectively. A repetition of the procedure did not alter the composition of the product. The lyophilized powder could be stored at 2–4° C. without change of its properties.
A novel 2,3-dioxo-norcar-4-ene-7-carboxylic acid via rearrangement of an α-diketone

Abstract The structural rearrangement product of an α-diketone from a singlet oxygen reaction has been identified. The proposed intermediate has been trapped by diazomethane esterification.
Correlation of preoperative plasma IGF-I levels with pathologic parameters and progression in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives. To test whether preoperative insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels could predict pathologic stage and prognosis of prostate cancer in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Methods. The study group consisted of 120 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Preoperative plasma IGF-I levels were measured using the DSL-IGF-I Elisa assay. Surgically removed prostate specimens were analyzed pathologically, using a whole-mount step-section technique. Preoperative plasma IGF-I levels were compared with final pathologic parameters and with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival. Preoperative IGF-I levels in this cohort were also compared with IGF-I levels measured in 20 healthy men without any cancer and in 10 men with untreated, metastatic prostate cancer. Results. Plasma IGF-I levels predicted neither organ-confined disease ( P = 0.5611) nor the risk of PSA progression ( P = 0.8125) at a median follow-up of 48.6 months after prostatectomy. Furthermore, IGF-I levels did not correlate with preoperative PSA level ( P = 0.2811) or final Gleason score ( P = 0.4906). IGF-I levels in radical prostatectomy patients were not significantly higher than those in healthy subjects or in patients with metastatic disease (mean 156.7 ± 66 ng/mL, 148.6 ± 49 ng/mL, and 148.6 ± 93 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.8442). Conclusions. Circulating IGF-I levels may predict the future risk of developing prostate cancer, but our study found no association with other established markers of biologically aggressive disease or with disease progression in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
The influence of self construals and communication styles on sojourners’ psychological and sociocultural adjustment

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self construals and communication styles on psychological and sociocultural adjustment based on Ward et al.’s psychological and sociocultural adjustment model. It was hypothesized that a close fit between sojourners’ self construals and the self construal that predominates in the host culture predicts sojourners’ psychological adjustment. Similarly, it was hypothesized that a close fit between sojourners’ and host nationals’ communication styles predicts sojourners’ sociocultural adjustment. The independent self construal, the prototypical self construal in the host culture, predicted psychological adjustment. The interdependent self construal was not related to psychological adjustment. Use of direct communication and positive perceptions of silence, prototypical communication styles in the host culture, were related to sociocultural adjustment and consistent with expectations. In addition, sensitivity to others’ behavior predicted sociocultural adjustment.
Iterative-interactive technique for logic partitioning

A method is developed for partitioning a computer logic design into subsets by combining a constructive method, used for the initial partition, with iterative improvement techniques. These iterative techniques are implemented in an interactive computing environment, which further enhances their efficiency and usefulness. An overview of the system is presented, several algorithms discussed and experimental results given.
Cold face test: adrenergic phase

The cold face test (CFT) evokes reflex bradycardia and pressor responses. Bradycardia has been used to assess vagal function. This study evaluated two aspects of physiology and clinical applicability of the pressor response. During constant monitoring of blood pressure (Finapres) and heart rate (EKG), CFT was induced by the application of three cold packs (0.5 degrees C) to the face for 1 min. Group 1: Latencies of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) response to the CFT were recorded in 10 normal subjects. Group 2: CFT was performed in eight normal subjects after cholinergic blockade with atropine (0.03 mg/kg body weight intravenously). Group 3: Four patients with baroreflex failure and five patients with pure autonomic failure were subjected to CFT. In Group 1, mean latency of CFT-induced SBP rise (mean +/- SD) (13.8 +/- 16.6 s) was longer than that of bradycardia (5.6 +/- 4.6 s). In Group 2, bradycardia was abolished in all subjects and SBP was unaffected after atropine administration. In Group 3, patients with baroreflex failure demonstrated normal HR and SBP responses to CFT. In the pure autonomic failure patients, bradycardia was absent and SBP response was either absent or subnormal. The adrenergic phase of the CFT is independent of the cholinergic phase (bradycardia) and baroreceptors. Rise in SBP is useful in evaluating the integrity of the efferent sympathetic pathway with baroreflex failure. Absence of SBP rise in response to the CFT may be of diagnostic value in detecting the sympathetic component of pure autonomic failure.
Deletion-transplantation experiments on embryos of Fundulus heteroclitus. I. The posterior embryonic shield.

Experiments are described in which the differentiative capacity of the anterior embryonic shield of the teleost. Fundulus heteroclitus, was investigated by means of deletion-transplantation techniques. The anterior embryonic shield, deleted from gastrula stages and transplanted into the pericardial chamber of an older embryo, exhibits growth and differentiates structures appropriate only to anterior head. All germ layers are involved in both the operation and subsequent differentiation. The donor embryos, in general, develop normally except for striking deficiencies in forebrain and eyes. Both donors and grafts indicate increasing specificity of determination in the cells of the anterior shield as development proceeds from early to late gastrula. The experiments are discussed from the standpoint of their elucidation of localization of developmental potencies in the anterior embryonic shield. Two unexpected effects of graft on host are described and briefly discussed: (1) the differentiation of glandular cells in the host pericardial epithelium in the immediate vicinity of the graft, tentatively labeled an “induction,” and (2) a deleterious systemic effect of the graft on the host embryo. Both of these effects occurred in a significant number of cases but appear to be unrelated to each other and are, as yet, unexplained.
Corrigendum: Cocaine exposure impairs multilineage hematopoiesis of human hematopoietic progenitor cells mediated by the sigma-1 receptor

Prenatal exposure to cocaine is a significant source of fetal and neonatal developmental defects. While cocaine associated neurological and cardiac pathologies are well-documented, it is apparent that cocaine use has far more diverse physiological effects. It is known that in some cell types, the sigma-1 receptor mediates many of cocaine's cellular effects. Here we present a novel and concise investigation into the mechanism that underlies cocaine associated hematopoietic pathology. Indeed, this is the first examination of the effects of cocaine on hematopoiesis. We show that cocaine impairs multilineage hematopoiesis from human progenitors from multiple donors and tissue types. We go on to present the first demonstration of the expression of the sigma-1 receptor in human CD34 + human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these cocaine-induced hematopoietic defects can be reversed through sigma-1 receptor blockade.
Determining the solutions of the load flow of power systems: Theoretical results and computer implementation

Powerful analytical tools and modern techniques from algebraic geometry are used to determine the number of solutions of the full-fledged load flow of power systems. Sufficient conditions are provided which guarantee the precise number of solutions to the load flow. The sufficient conditions are cast in terms of properties of the physical admittance matrix of the power grid. When the sufficient conditions are not satisfied, the cluster method is used to provide a 'tighter' upper bound on the load flow solutions for special power grid structures. The authors then develop an imbedding-based continuation method to reduce the computational complexity in finding all (or some of) the solutions of the so-called class of deficient systems. The authors specialize some of the results to example models and illustrate the computational efficiency of the proposed procedures by numerically finding all of the load flow solutions of the examples. >
Screening location strategies to reduce exchange rate risk

Abstract A firm that markets its products and services world-wide may face significant financial risk due to exchange rate fluctuations unless it maintains an international sourcing/production network. Thus, the firm must evaluate various sourcing/production network designs. The selection of the appropriate design is not straight-forward since decisions are made in an environment of uncertainty and involve multiple time periods. We propose a two-phase approach to screen various alternative designs (configurations) utilizing a number of criteria, and illustrate it using a popular Harvard Business School case. As by-products, we introduce a new criterion for making a pairwise stochastic comparison of alternatives and demonstrate the value of maintaining excess geographically-dispersed production capacity.
Stretched exponential illumination time dependence of positive charge and spin generation in amorphous silicon nitride

We report for the first time on the stretched exponential time dependence of positive charge and spin generated by subband‐gap ultraviolet illumination in gate‐quality nitrogen‐rich amorphous silicon nitride films. We have found that a stretched exponential function, which characterizes dispersive charge transport in silicon nitride, gives the best description of our experimental results. We also propose a mechanism which we believe is responsible for the creation of the positive charge and spin in the amorphous silicon nitride films.
Molecular dynamics simulations of self-avoiding tethered membranes with attractive interactions: Search for a crumpled phase.

The equilibrium structure of closed self-avoiding tethered vesicles with attractive interactions is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The vesicles are constructed by connecting linear chains of n=4 or 8 monomers to form closed membranes with as many as 16 002 monomers. For n=4, the transition from a high-temperature flat phase to a low-temperature collapsed phase is discontinuous, with no evidence for an intermediate crumpled phase. However, for n=8 the transition is either continuous or very weakly first order. Assuming the transition is continuous, a scaling analysis suggests that at the transition there is an intermediate state which has a fractal dimension ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{f}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}2.4, somewhat smaller than but close to the value predicted by the Flory theory for a crumpled membrane.
A smart boring tool for process control

A mechatronic metal cutting tool has been developed to improve the accuracy and flexibility of line boring machining in the automotive industry. Laser position sensors and piezoelectric actuator were integrated into the rotating body of the boring tool. To compensate the boring bar droop and effects of cutting forces, a fast tool servo utilizing feedback control of the boring tool insert position was designed and embedded in the rotating tool assembly. In addition to position control, a self-monitoring algorithm that utilizes disturbance estimator has been put together in the controller. Experimental results demonstrated that the developed cutting process controller improves the accuracy of the boring tool as well as reliably detects the process failures, such as tool tip breakage, without additional monitoring equipment.
Structural characterization of thin hydroxypropylcellulose films. X-ray reflectivity studies.

Thin solid films of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) have been investigated using synchrotron X-ray reflectivity. Evidence of preferential alignment of HPC molecules at the substrate surface is obtained. In the surface region the liquid crystalline domains of HPC are preferentially oriented parallel to the substrate, whereas in the bulk they are mostly distributed randomly. Incorporation of colloidal particles in the film−substrate region destroys the preferential alignment. It is also found that in conditions of restricted geometry (very thin films), a minimum film thickness is required to produce lateral packing order perpendicular to the substrate surface.
A Lagrangian Approach for the Handling of Curved Boundaries in the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

A methodology is proposed for the systematic and accurate modeling of electromagnetic field interactions in geometries with curved boundaries using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. The methodology utilizes a Lagrangian approach to solve a modified set of Maxwell's equations on a map of the physical domain, for which all boundaries are parallel to a Cartesian coordinate system. Hence, a rectangular Yee's lattice can be used for the spatial discretization of Maxwell's equations. The proposed scheme avoids the need for the staircase approximation of curved boundaries and provides for enhanced accuracy in a systematic manner. The proposed methodology is validated through its application to the modeling of wave propagation through the two-dimensional geometry of a non-uniform section of a parallel-plate waveguide formed by the cascading of two exponential tapers.
Thermodynamics of theβ’-NiZn intermetallic phase exhibiting the CsCl-structure

The thermodynamic activity, partial molar entropy and partial molar enthalpy of zinc have been calculated based on the measurement of partial pressure of zinc above eleven β’-NiZn alloys exhibiting the CsCl-type of structure over the temperature interval 1042 to 1159 K, using the dew-point method. Good correlations are found between theory and experiment for all three partial quantities. Furthermore, from these results and the recently reported data on the f.c.c. terminal solid solutions, the corresponding partial quantities of nickel in β’-NiZn alloys are computed as well as the integral quantities. It is found that the thermal entropy of this phase remains constant with composition, an assumption used by Chang and co-workers in deriving the theoretical equations to account for the compositional variations of the thermodynamic properties for this type of ordered phase. A similar analysis is also made for the thermodynamic properties of the low-tempe rature form of the equi-atomic phase exhibiting the face-centered tetragonal superlattice structure.
Preendocytotic alterations in cumulus cell gap junctions precede meiotic resumption in the rat cumulus-oocyte complex

Abstract Cumulus cells in the mammalian ovary are normally connected to each other and to their enclosed oocyte by an extensive network of gap junctions (GJs). We have shown that the loss of cumulus cell GJs is correlated temporally with meiotic resumption in the intact preovulatory rat follicle (Larsen et al ., 1986). Here we describe morphological changes in GJ particle packing patterns (PPPs) that occur prior to GJ loss and meiotic resumption in hormonally stimulated rat cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). In the PMSG-primed rat, 89% of the cumulus cell GJ area detected by freeze-fracture electron microscopy consists of tightly packed junctional particles; 4% exhibit loose PPPs of randomly dispersed particles; and 7% contain a mixture of both tight and loose PPPs. One to 2 hr after stimulation with hCG, the area of GJs containing tight PPPs drops by 50%–60%, while junctions exhibiting loosely organized and mixed patterns increase concomitantly. These shifts in PPPs are accompanied by the appearance of unusual particle-free areas of puckered or ruffled nonjunctional membrane at the GJ periphery. Cumulus cell GJs from isolated COCs incubated in FSH-containing medium demonstrate a similar shift in PPPs prior to meiotic resumption. The appearance of fusing areas of particle-free nonjunctional membrane at the GJ periphery in vitro is correlated with GJ loss and is not seen in COCs treated with dihydrocytochalasin B to inhibit endocytotic removal of cumulus GJs. The structural and temporal nature of these morphological observations supports the hypothesis that interruption of junctional communication plays a role in meiotic maturation of the preovulatory oocyte.
Regulation of Nucleic Acids of Muscles and Accessory Sex Organs of Guinea Pigs by Androgens

Male guinea pigs were castrated at approximately 550 g body weight and androgens were administered by subcutaneous implantation of pellets (approximately 15 mg each) for intervals up to 35 days in 2 series of experiments beginning at 21 and 220 days after castration. The weight, RNA and DNA of the oblique and the gastrocnemius muscles were not changed by either castration or androgen administration. The older animals had heavier muscles with a proportionate increase in RNA but no change in total DNA. The RNA of representative androgenresponsive muscles—temporal and masseter— was lower in the castrated animals. Testosterone produced an immediate maximum increase within 5 days in RNA, which was maintained but was not increased further by continued androgen administration. Castration retarded the attainment of the adult level of the DNA in the temporal and the masseter muscles. Prolongation of castration was accompanied by a very gradual increase in the DNA of these muscles, with an attainment of the normal ...
Coulomb excitation of 124 , 126 , 128 Sn

High-precision measurements of $\ensuremath{\langle}{0}_{1}||M(E2)||{2}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ matrix elements from the Coulomb excitation of ${}^{124,126,128}$Sn on a ${}^{12}$C target are presented. The extracted $B(E2)$ values decrease monotonically from the neutron midshell toward the ${}^{132}$Sn double-shell closure, despite a near constancy in the first ${2}^{+}$ level energy. Furthermore, Coulomb excitation of ${}^{124,126,128}$Sn on an enriched ${}^{50}$Ti target, combined with the results from the ${}^{12}$C target, provide a measure of the static quadrupole moments, $Q({2}_{1}{}^{+})$ (expected to be zero for a spherical shape). These new results confirm that the unstable neutron-rich ${}^{126,128}$Sn isotopes have deformations consistent with zero. The present study marks the first report on measured ${2}_{1}{}^{+}$ static quadrupole moments for unstable closed-shell nuclei.
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization in Hypothermic and Hyperthermic Rats

Local rates of glucose utilization in 38 regions of the CNS were measured in conscious, lightly restrained rats during normothermia (rectal temperature, 37.4 +/- 0.1 degrees C, hypothermia (31.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C), and hyperthermia (40.2 +/- 0.3 degrees C). In 34 of the 38 regions examined (the four exceptions being primary auditory nuclei in the lower brainstem), a significant relationship could be demonstrated between the rate of glucose utilization and body temperature. The magnitude of temperature-related alterations in glucose use displayed considerable regional heterogeneity. In hypothermic rats the reductions in glucose use were proportionately most marked (reduced 35-50% from normothermic) in thalamic nuclei, extrapyramidal and motor areas, septohippocampal formation, and some areas of neocortex and white matter; they were least pronounced in anterior hypothalamus (reduced by 13%), habenula (by 16%), and amygdala (by 22%). In hyperthermic rats, significantly increased glucose utilization was observed in only 16 of the 38 areas examined (e.g., hypothalamus, hippocampus, extrapyramidal system, and raphe nucleus), whereas in a number of major areas (such as the neocortex and thalamus) glucose use was minimally altered with hyperthermia. The regional heterogeneity in the alterations in glucose utilization suggests that caution must be exercised in the interpretation of autoradiographic 2-deoxyglucose investigations in which body temperature disturbances occur.