cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data aware, low cost error correction for wireless sensor networks

One or the main challenges in adoption and deployment of wireless networked sensing applications is ensuring reliable sensor data collection and aggregation, while satisfying the low-cost, low-energy operating constraints of such applications. A wireless sensor network is inherently vulnerable to different sources of unreliability resulting in transient failures. Existing reliability techniques that address transient failures in circuits and communication channels incur prohibitively high energy, bandwidth and cost overheads in the sensor nodes. In this paper we investigate application-level error correction techniques for sensor networks that exploit the properties of sensor data to eliminate any overhead on the sensor nodes, at the expense of nominal buffer requirements at the data aggregator nodes, which are much less cost/energy constrained. Our approach involves use of spatio-temporal correlations in sensor data, the goals of the application, and its vulnerability to various errors. We present our error-correction algorithm and evaluate it through simulations using real and synthetic sensor data. Experimental results validate the feasibility of our approach to provide high degree of reliability in sensor data aggregation, without imposing overheads on sensor nodes.
A sensitive array-based assay for identifying multiple TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene variants.

Studies of gene fusions in solid tumors are not as extensive as in hematological malignancies due to several technical and analytical problems associated with tumor heterogeneity. Nevertheless, there is a growing interest in the role of fusion genes in common epithelial tumors after the discovery of recurrent TMPRSS2:ETS fusions in prostate cancer. Among all of the reported fusion partners in the ETS gene family, TMPRSS2:ERG is the most prevalent one. Here, we present a simple and sensitive microarray-based assay that is able to simultaneously determine multiple fusion variants with a single RT-PCR in impure RNA specimens. The assay detected TMPRSS2:ERG fusion transcripts with a detection sensitivity of 1% of cancer cells. The ability to detect multiple transcript variants in a single assay is critically dependent on both the primer and probe designs. The assay should facilitate clinical and basic studies for fusion gene screening in clinical specimens, as it can be readily adapted to include multiple gene loci.
HEURISTIC MODELS FOR MATERIAL DISCHARGE FROM LANDSCAPES WITH RIPARIAN BUFFERS

For landscapes with riparian buffers, we develop and analyze models pre- dicting landscape discharge based on material release by an uphill source area, the spatial distribution of riparian buffer along a stream, and retention within the buffer. We model the buffer as a grid of cells, and each cell transmits a fixed fraction of the materials it receives. We consider the effects of variation in buffer width and buffer continuity, quantify the relative contributions of source elimination and buffer retention to total discharge reduction, and develop statistical relationships to simplify and generalize the models. Width variability reduces total buffer retention, increases the width needed to meet a management goal, and changes the importance of buffer retention relative to source elimination. Variable- width buffers are less efficient than uniform-width buffers because transport through areas of below-average buffer width (particularly gaps) dominates landscape discharge, especially for narrow buffers of highly retentive cells. Uniform-width models overestimate retention, so width variability should be considered when testing for buffer effects or designing buffers for water quality management. Adding riparian buffer to a landscape can decrease material discharge by increasing buffer retention and by eliminating source areas. Source elimination is more important in unretentive or wide buffers, while buffer retention dominates in narrow, retentive buffers. We summarize model results with simpler statistical relationships. For unretentive buffers, average width is the best predictor of landscape discharge, while the frequency of gaps was best for narrow, retentive buffers. Together, both predictors explain >90% of the variance in average landscape transmission for any value of buffer reten- tiveness. We relate our results to ecological theory, landscape-scale buffer effects, buffer management, and water quality models. We recommend more empirical studies of buffer width variability and its effects on material discharge. Landscape models should represent width variability and the nonlinear interactions between buffers and source areas.
Dinheiro, poder e sexo

Widespread beliefs that money corrupts intimacy block our ability to describe and explain how money, power, and sex actually interact. The opposite belief - that sex operates like an ordinary market commodity - serves description and explanation no better. The intersection of sex, money, and power, does indeed generate confusion and conflict, but that is precisely because participants are simultaneously negotiating delicate, consequential, interpersonal relations and marking differences between those relations and others with which they could easily and dangerously be confused. In everyday social life, people deal with these difficulties by relying on a set of practices we can call good matches.
Exchangeable Chaperone Modules Contribute to Specification of Type I and Type II Hsp40 Cellular Function

Hsp40 family members regulate Hsp70s ability to bind nonnative polypeptides and thereby play an essential role in cell physiology. Type I and type II Hsp40s, such as yeast Ydj1 and Sis1, form chaperone pairs with cytosolic Hsp70 Ssa1 that fold proteins with different efficiencies and carry out specific cellular functions. The mechanism by which Ydj1 and Sis1 specify Hsp70 functions is not clear. Ydj1 and Sis1 share a high degree of sequence identity in their amino and carboxyl terminal ends, but each contains a structurally unique and centrally located protein module that is implicated in chaperone function. To test whether the chaperone modules of Ydj1 and Sis1 function in the specification of Hsp70 action, we constructed a set of chimeric Hsp40s in which the chaperone domains of Ydj1 and Sis1 were swapped to form YSY and SYS. Purified SYS and YSY exhibited protein-folding activity and substrate specificity that mimicked that of Ydj1 and Sis1, respectively. In in vivo studies, YSY exhibited a gain of function and, unlike Ydj1, could complement the lethal phenotype of sis1Δ and facilitate maintenance of the prion [RNQ+]. Ydj1 and Sis1 contain exchangeable chaperone modules that assist in specification of Hsp70 function.
Surveillance and Care of the Gynecologic Cancer Survivor.

Abstract Background: Care of the gynecologic cancer survivor extends beyond cancer treatment to encompass promotion of sexual, cardiovascular, bone, and brain health; management of fertility, contraception, and vasomotor symptoms; and genetic counseling. Methods: This is a narrative review of the data and guidelines regarding care and surveillance of the gynecologic cancer survivor. We searched databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus using the search terms gynecologic cancer, cancer surveillance, and cancer survivor and reached a consensus for articles chosen for inclusion in the review based on availability in the English language and publication since 2001, as well as key older articles, consensus statements, and practice guidelines from professional societies. However, we did not undertake an extensive systematic search of the literature to identify all potentially relevant studies, nor did we utilize statistical methods to summarize data. We offer clinical recommendations for the management o...
Calcium Antagonists Inhibit Sustained Gibberellic Acid-Induced Growth of Avena (Oat) Stem Segments

The elongation response of Avena sativa (oat) stem segments to gibberellic acid (GA3) is of large magnitude, with high hormonal sensitivity and specificity, but without cell division activity. This system is therefore an excellent model for mechanistic studies on higher plant cell elongation and the action of gibberellin. At millimolar concentrations, the calcium antagonists verapamil, D-600, nicardipine, diltiazem, bepridil, 8-(N,N,-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate HCl, and lanthanum substantially inhibited the growth of GA3-treated segments but had no effect on the elongation of nonhormone-treated segments. Although verapamil reduced the maximum growth rate and caused premature cessation of growth, even preincubation of the segments with the drug prior to treatment with GA3 failed to inhibit the earliest measured stimulation of growth by the hormone. Inhibition by verapamil was not reversed by increased concentrations of GA3 or calcium. Neither the calcium ionophore A23187 nor agonist BAY K 8644 had any effect on growth. Light microscopic examination of epidermal peels from antagonist-treated internodal tissue revealed no obvious differences from the control except that the cells were not as elongated. Although these results may support a role for calcium ion movement in maintaining the GA3-induced growth of Avena stem segments, they do not support the involvement of calcium ion movement in the hormone-mediated initiation of growth.
Shades of grey: On the effectiveness of reputation-based “blacklists”

Malicious code, or malware, executed on compromised hosts provides a platform for a wide variety of attacks against the availability of the network and the privacy and confidentiality of its users. Unfortunately, the most popular techniques for detecting and preventing malware have been shown to be significantly flawed, and it is widely believed that a significant fraction of the Internet consists of malware infected machines. In response, defenders have turned to coarse-grained, reputation-based techniques, such as real time blackhole lists, for blocking large numbers of potentially malicious hosts and network blocks. In this paper, we perform a preliminary study of a type of reputation-based blacklist, namely those used to block unsolicited email, or spam. We show that, for the network studied, these blacklists exhibit non-trivial false positives and false negatives. We investigate a number of possible causes for this low accuracy and discuss the implications for other types of reputation-based blacklists.
The effect of oral hydralazine on the pulmonary hemodynamics of patients with pulmonary foreign body granulomatosis.

Six patients, age 32 ± 5 yr, had biopsy-proven foreign body granulomatosis secondary to the chronic injection of crashed, suspended pentazocine tablets. All patients complained of exercise-induced dyspnea. Measurements were made of mean pulmonary artery pressures ( PAP ¯ ), cardiac outputs (CO), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) at rest and following 9 minutes of steady-state upright exercise. Following this, 50 mg of hydralazine was administered orally. The exercise morerows="1" Increased, and exercise PVR following hydralazine rose also. Exercise-induced dyspnea improved in all patients. In patients with foreign body granulomatosis, exercise-induced increases in PAP ¯ and PVR are common. This increase in PAP ¯ and PVR can he ameliorated somewhat by the acute oral administration of hydralazine. Exercise-induced dyspnea also improves.
Theory support for weak higher order abstract syntax in Isabelle/HOL

We describe the theoretical underpinnings to support the construction of an extension to the Isabelle/HOL theorem prover to support the creation of datatypes for weak higher-order abstract syntax, and give an example of its application. This theoretical basis is centered around the concept of variable types (i.e. types whose elements are variables), and the concept of two terms in a given type having the "same structure" up to a given set of substitutions (the difference set) of one variable for another as allowed by that set. We provide an axiomatization of types for which the notion of having the same structure is well-behaved with the axiomatic class of same_struct_thy. We show that being a same_struct_thy is preserved by products, sums and certain function spaces.Within a same_struct_thy, not all terms necessarily have the same structure as anything, including themselves. Those terms having the same structure as themselves relative to the empty difference set are said to be proper. A proper function from variables to terms corresponds to an abstraction of a variable in a term and also corresponds to substitution of variables for that variable in the term. Proper functions form the basis for a formalization of weak higher-order abstract syntax.
Review Engineering Perspective

The main paper gives a model for the initiation and development of scour holes in the Eastern-Scheldt Barrier. The initiation of scour holes is modelled as a Poisson process. The erosion of these holes, once started, is modelled as a gamma process. This review addresses how well the Poisson and gamma processes model scour erosion at the Eastern-Scheldt Barrier.
Are Older Adults Less or More Physiologically Reactive? A Meta-Analysis of Age-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity to Laboratory Tasks

In this meta-analytic review of 31 laboratory studies, we examined if relatively older adults showed lower or higher cardiovascular reactivity compared with relatively younger adults. Results revealed that age was associated with lower heart rate reactivity but higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity during emotionally evocative tasks. Consistent with the predictions of dynamic integration theory, the result for SBP was moderated by the degree of task activation. These data are discussed in light of existing self-regulatory models and important future research directions.
Woman's Capacity to Create: The Unusual Case of Sofonisba Anguissola*

Among the more than 160 uomitti valenti whose lives and works are included in the second edition of Giorgio Vasari's Le vite de’ piu eccellentipittori, scultori et architettori, 1568, are several women: Properzia De’ Rossi (c. 1490-1530), Suor Plautilla Nelli (1532-1587/88), Lucrezia Quistelli, who was “taught by Alessandro Allori,” Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532-1625), and her sisters Lucia (c. 1540-c. 1565) and Europa (1542/43-78). Although De' Rossi was the only one of these women distinguished by her own vita, it was Sofonisba Anguissola who accrued the greatest amount of literary adulation during her lifetime (fig. 1). If contemporaneous sources are to be believed, this acclaim may be attributed to her excellence as a portrait painter.
The online transportation problem: on the exponential boost of one extra server

We present a poly-log-competitive deterministic online algorithm for the online transportation problem on hierarchically separated trees when the online algorithm has one extra server per site. Using metric embedding results in the literature, one can then obtain a poly-log-competitive randomized online algorithm for the online transportation on an arbitrary metric space when the online algorithm has one extra server per site.
Plant fitness assessment for wild relatives of insect resistant crops.

Risk assessments of new insect-resistant crops will need to estimate the potential for increased weediness of wild crop relatives as a consequence of gene flow. When field experiments are precluded by containment concerns, simulation experiments can identify hazards or measure expected differences between GMOs and parental plants. To measure plant fitness consequences of wild plant protection from Bt-susceptible herbivores, we used topical sprays of bacterial Bacillus thuringiensis larvacide (Bt )o nBrassica rapa. Spontaneous crosses between B. rapa and Bt cole crops cannot be precluded, especially if adoption of Bt varieties leads to high exposure. We compared survivorship and seed output of B. rapa that were either protected from or exposed to Bt-susceptible Lepidoptera in the various conditions where hybrids are likely to occur: cultivated (disked) soil, uncultivated agricultural field margins, and nearby non-crop habitats (meadows and ruderal areas). The relative effect of herbivore protection varied among years, habitats, and populations of seedlings. In 2003‐2004, Bt sprays did not result in lower herbivory on B. rapa, and plant fitness was not increased. However, in 2004‐2006 B. rapa seedlings protected from Bt-susceptible herbivores lived 25% longer, on average, than those that were exposed to these herbivores. In addition, an average B. rapa seedling sprayed with Bt throughout its lifetime was twice as likely to produce siliques and had 251% of the seed output of a seedling exposed to herbivores. The fitness advantage of Bt-based plant protection was apparent in 2004‐2005 in half the plants that experienced higher herbivory, and for 2005‐2006, was more pronounced in agricultural habitats than in meadows with established, perennial vegetation and less disturbance. Positive effects of Bt-based plant protection and greater fitness in disturbed habitats suggest that crop-wild gene flow may benefit weed populations, and that field tests with herbivore exclusion/addition experiments are feasible alternatives when molecular containment of transgenes restricts field experiments with insect resistant crop-wild hybrids.
Mechanisms for disturbed motor coordination in stroke: an analysis of voluntary movement trajectories

Analyses of hand movement planar trajectories in paretic and contralateral arms of hemiparetic stroke patients indicate that there are disturbances in all phases of limb motion, including the initial movement direction, in mid-course trajectory, and in the terminal deceleration phase associated with movement termination. Analyses of movement kinematic and kinetic characteristics and of concurrent electromyograms suggest that trajectory disturbances are mediated by several deficits. These include disruption of spatial coordinate frameworks specifying motion direction, loss of internal models of limb mechanical behavior, and in some muscles, by inappropriate stretch reflex action in antagonist muscles.
Integrating Archival Management and the ARCHIVES Listserv in the Classroom: A Case Study

Introducing technological tools into credit instruction in archival management is a relatively new field of exploration. In fall 1993, Penn State University's Archival Management/History 490 team instructors and students took a step forward by integrating traditional classroom instruction with the often volatile and highly interactive ARCHIVES Listserv. The results of their experiment are detailed in this article.
Preliminary design of a new device to measure muscle function

A description and early results are presented for a novel device to estimate the torque-angle and torque-angular velocity properties of the quadriceps muscle group using electrical stimulation. The device straps to the shin and is moved by the operator while pulses of stimulation are applied to the motor point of the quadriceps. During stimulation, the operator raises and lowers the leg to the desired angle, and also can oscillate the leg to generate a rich velocity profile. The resulting muscle force is measured by a load cell contained in the device. In a preliminary study using 11 healthy subjects, normalized torque-angle and torque-velocity data for the quadriceps were consistent with literature results that used maximum voluntary contraction methods.
13 Genetic determinants of pelvic organ prolapse in women of european american descent: The women's health initiative

CONCLUSION: Instrument utilization in the Gynecologic operating room is low but comparable to other surgical specialties, and the cost of processing instruments is significant. Availability of certain instruments is necessary for patient safety in the event of rare unexpected events. However, given that significantly less than half of the instruments pulled for surgery are utilized and that total processing cost per instrument exceeds three dollars, careful review of what instruments are included in each tray and elimination of wasted resource allocation can result in significant cost savings without reducing safety.
Discrimination learning with varying numbers of positive and negative stimuli by children of different ages

Children of 5 to 6 yr. and 8 to 9 yr. of age were given a two choice discrimination task with either (1) one positive stimulus and two or three negative stimuli (only one of which was used at a time), or (2) two or three positive stimuli and one negative stimulus. Younger children had as many solutions on each type of task while the older Ss were successful only with a single positive stimulus and multiple negative stimuli.
Label-Free Screening of Protein Binding to Small Molecule Compound Microarrays with A High-Throughput Optical Scanning Microscope

Using a label-free high-throughput optical scanning microscope we detected endpoints and binding kinetics of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein with microarrays of small molecule compounds from the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program.
Some Problems in Fungus Phylogeny

Owing to the nature of fungi their fossil remains are mostly limited to hyphae in fossilized wood and to the remains of pycnidia or perithecia in leaves or stems, with a few records of woody sporophores of polypores. These do not reveal much that is of help in phylogenetic studies, except to show us that higher fungi existed as parasites and saprophytes millions of years ago. Failing palaeontological records recourse must then be had to the other resources of the phylogeneticist: comparative morphology and ontogeny, and serum diagnostic studies. Comparison of the morphology of now existing species is useful on the theory that evolution may result in divergences so that the more nearly related species will be those with the greatest similarities and, conversely, those that are less similar will represent greater evolutionary modifications and hence more distant relationship. This is probably true in the main, but there are many opportunities for error. It must be borne in mind that sometimes a single gene difference may produce a very great effect. Some dwarf plants, e.g. the Cupid sweet pea, appear to have arisen from large plants by this method and yet the difference is so striking that we would be inclined to consider the organisms as quite distantly related. So we may, on the basis of comparative morphology, erect a scheme of ascent or descent in which because of some
Beyond Dualistic Constructions of Citizenship: T.H. Green’s Idea of Ethical Citizenship as Mutual Membership

The standard view is that the ideal of citizenship in the 1880s was that of ‘social gospel’: an active, public-spirited member of society practicing civic duties.1 The standard interpretation of Green’s conception of citizenship fits nicely into this framework.2 Green is said to defend a social service conception of citizenship and a civic republican at that.3 Moreover, the social service conception of citizenship is criticized for assimilating self-realization into social service and subordinating self-realization to the altruist duties of citizenship. Two questions arise: first, does the social service conception of citizenship adequately capture Green’s conception of citizenship? Second, must citizenship as a moral obligation to alleviate human misery override the moral demand of self-realization? Students and critics of Green and British Idealism tend to give a positive answer to both questions. I disagree.
Under-Trellis Cover Crop and Rootstock Affect Growth, Yield Components, and Fruit Composition of Cabernet Sauvignon

We compared the effectiveness of an under-trellis cover crop treatment (CC, Festuca rubra) and an 85-cm-wide herbicide-treated strip treatment (HTS) and rootstock (101-14, 420-A, or riparia) for regulating vegetative growth and improving fruit composition in Cabernet Sauvignon over a six- to seven-year period of data collection. The cover crop reduced average vine pruning weight by 26% and increased fruit exposure by 35% compared to the HTS floor management scheme. Vines grafted to riparia rootstock had pruning weights that were lower than those of vines grafted to 101-14 in two years; however, effects of rootstock were insignificant when averaged over the seven-year experiment. There was a measurable crop yield penalty for the CC floor management: vines grown with CC averaged 610 kg/ha/year lower crop yields, and had reduced cluster weight, berries per cluster, and berry weight compared to vines in the HTS floor management. Riparia rootstock increased berry weight, cluster weight, and crop yield per vine compared to 101-14. Fruit from vines grown with CC averaged greater soluble solids compared to vines grown with HTS. Rootstock 420-A produced fruit with lower pH than fruit from 101-14 or riparia vines. Compared to 420-A, inconsistent increases in grape anthocyanins and phenolics were observed in riparia (both) and 101-14 (phenolics only). The use of an under-trellis cover crop favorably reduced vine size, especially during the earlier years of the experiment.
Basilar Artery Herniation into the Sphenoid Sinus Secondary to Traumatic Skull Base Fractures: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Traumatic clival fractures occur with less than 0.6% frequency and can be associated with significant neurovascular injuries. The most serious of these injuries is to the basilar artery in which the artery is dissected or is fully occluded, resulting in infarction of the brainstem and cerebellum. Among early reports of these injuries, postmortem autopsy showed entrapment, or incarceration, of the basilar artery at the clival fracture site. A literature search revealed 11 cases of entrapment of the basilar artery within a clival fracture. Case Description This report describes a 59-year-old man after a motor vehicle crash with computed tomography showing a basilar artery herniation through a sphenoid sinus fracture. The patient subsequently developed brainstem and cerebellar infarcts. Conclusions Basilar artery incarceration and herniation through the sphenoid sinus is rare. Such an injury portends a poor prognosis. We discuss the relevant clinical imaging and review the literature.
Early Psychosis and Trauma-Related Disorders: Clinical Practice Guidelines and Future Directions

Despite high rates of trauma-related disorders among individuals with early psychosis, no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of comorbid early psychosis and trauma-related disorders exist to date. Indeed, the routine exclusion of individuals with past and current psychosis from participation in trauma research and practice has limited the accumulation of research that could support such clinical practice guidelines. While preliminary research evidence suggests that traditional, evidence-based treatments for trauma-related disorders can be safely and effectively employed to reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress and chronic psychosis, it remains unclear whether such treatments are appropriate for individuals in the early stages of psychotic illness. Clinical experts (N = 118) representing 121 early psychosis programs across 28 states were surveyed using the expert consensus method. Forty-nine clinical experts responded and reached consensus on 46 of 49 expert consensus items related to the treatment of comorbid early psychosis and trauma-related disorders. Conjoint or family therapy and individual therapy were rated as treatment approaches of choice. Anxiety or stress management and psychoeducation were rated as treatment interventions of choice for addressing both trauma symptoms and psychotic symptoms. In addition, case management was rated as a treatment intervention of choice for addressing psychotic symptoms. No consensus was reached on expert consensus items regarding the appropriateness of a parallel treatment approach exposure interventions for addressing psychotic symptoms, or sensorimotor or movement interventions for addressing trauma symptoms. In areas where expert consensus exists and is supported by current research, preliminary clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of comorbid early psychosis and trauma-related disorders are offered. In areas where expert consensus does not exist, recommendations for future research are offered. The results of this study are intended to serve as a launching point for scientists and practitioners interested in advancing appropriate treatment for high-risk and underserved individuals with comorbid early psychosis and trauma-related disorders.
Robot Control in Dynamic Environments Using Memory-Based Learning

Learning systems used on robots typically require a-priori knowledge in the form of environmental models or trial-and-error approaches requiring a robot to physically execute multitudes of trial solutions. Neither approach is very suitable for dynamic unstructured environments in which a robot is sent to explore and gather information prior to human entry. This chapter presents a new approach, ‘memory-based learning’, in which a robot is provided with an initial baseline behavior whose performance is linked with a metric explicitly defined by a function whose arguments are sensory inputs and resulting robot actions. A neural network, using sensor inputs and action outputs, has been chosen as the basic controller building block for behaviors as it is very amendable to rapid in-situ generation and adaptation. The use of a neural network controller for a maneuvering task using electronic ‘ears’ for sensory input is demonstrated in this work, and genetic algorithms are shown to be an effective method for rapidly developing the network weights and transfer functions. The concept of memory based learning is introduced and a construct for representing coupled sense/action information is presented and demonstrated using both simple reactive and memory based controllers, whose performance is demonstrated through simulation studies and on land robots.
The Financial Impact of Different Stormwater Fee Types: A Case Study of Two Municipalities in Virginia

Eight stormwater user fees (SUFs) were applied to the City of Roanoke and the Town of Blacksburg, Virginia, to determine the effect each has on how land use type impacts the sources of revenue. Roanoke is larger and includes more industrial areas, but less multifamily impervious areas than Blacksburg, which translates differently in the SUFs. Residential parcels comprise the highest percentage of the revenue in all eight SUFs in Blacksburg and four in Roanoke. For both municipalities, two specific SUFs consistently comprised the highest percentage burden for residential homeowners while three other SUFs demonstrated the highest burden for commercial parcels. Open space parcels contain little impervious area, yet account for up to 27% of the revenue in the Blacksburg Area fee structure. Industrial parcels comprise more revenue in Roanoke, averaging 10.1-4.5% in Blacksburg. Fee types that are easier to administer (e.g., Flat fees) may not fully represent the stormwater contribution from the parcels. SUF types that more accurately represent the stormwater burden on the municipality are also more administratively intensive and are more variable with fee factors.
Understanding and Combating Memory Bloat in Managed Data-Intensive Systems

The past decade has witnessed increasing demands on data-driven business intelligence that led to the proliferation of data-intensive applications. A managed object-oriented programming language such as Java is often the developer’s choice for implementing such applications, due to its quick development cycle and rich suite of libraries and frameworks. While the use of such languages makes programming easier, their automated memory management comes at a cost. When the managed runtime meets large volumes of input data, memory bloat is significantly magnified and becomes a scalability-prohibiting bottleneck.This article first studies, analytically and empirically, the impact of bloat on the performance and scalability of large-scale, real-world data-intensive systems. To combat bloat, we design a novel compiler framework, called Facade, that can generate highly efficient data manipulation code by automatically transforming the data path of an existing data-intensive application. The key treatment is that in the generated code, the number of runtime heap objects created for data classes in each thread is (almost) statically bounded, leading to significantly reduced memory management cost and improved scalability. We have implemented Facade and used it to transform seven common applications on three real-world, already well-optimized data processing frameworks: GraphChi, Hyracks, and GPS. Our experimental results are very positive: the generated programs have (1) achieved a 3% to 48% execution time reduction and an up to 88× GC time reduction, (2) consumed up to 50% less memory, and (3) scaled to much larger datasets.
Texting atopic dermatitis patients to optimize learning and eczema area and severity index scores: A pilot randomized control trial.

Background/objectives Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic, debilitating disease. Poor adherence to treatment is the most important preventable contributor to adverse outcomes. Thus, improving adherence can improve patient outcomes. Text message reminders with embedded condition-specific information have been shown to improve pediatric immunization adherence but have not been assessed in atopic dermatitis. The objective was to assess the effect of daily text messages on Eczema Area Severity Index scores and caregiver knowledge of atopic dermatitis. Methods In this pilot randomized controlled trial, caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis enrolled during their initial appointment with a pediatric dermatologist and randomized 1:1 to standard care or daily text messages with patient education material and treatment reminders. Participants completed a multiple-choice atopic dermatitis knowledge quiz at initial and follow-up visits, and Eczema Area Severity Index scores were assessed. Results Forty-two patients enrolled, and 30 completed the study: 16 standard care group, 14 text message group. There was no significant difference in Eczema Area Severity Index score between the standard care and text message groups at follow-up, with mean decreases in Eczema Area Severity Index score of 53% and 58%, respectively. Mean score on follow-up atopic dermatitis knowledge quiz was significantly higher in the text message group (84% correct) than in the standard care group (75% correct) (P = .04). Conclusion This pilot study did not demonstrate a difference in Eczema Area Severity Index scores with text message reminders. The significantly higher follow-up atopic dermatitis quiz score in the text message group indicates that participants read and retained information from text messages. Limitations include small sample size and short duration of follow-up.
A Rocket-borne Detector for Charged Atmospheric Aerosols

Publisher Summary Evidence for aerosols in the polar mesosphere includes noctilucent clouds (NLC) and strong radar backscatter called polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE). Electrostatic probes collecting electrons find narrow layers (bite-outs) with reduced electron densities which may arise from the attachment of electrons to macroscopic particles. NLC, PMSE, and bite-outs occur at altitudes of 80–90 km and have been observed to occur simultaneously. A rocket-borne charge-collecting probe has been developed to detect charged atmospheric aerosols. A magnetic field is used to prevent detection of electrons and low-mass ions. Work on this topic is continuing in several directions. Computations are being made of the flow field around the rocket for the conditions of our test flight. The goals are to find the effect of shock heating on the evaporation rate of ice clusters, and the effect of both flow and evaporation upon the detection efficiency.
Teaching Design Education for Cultural, Pedagogical, and Economic Aims

The aims of educating for economic, cultural, and pedagogical purposes have existed since the early inception of art education. Looking at how and why these aims evolved in the early era of art and design education has potential for better understanding how and why design should be incorporated into the art education curricula today. This article places a special focus on economic considerations. In this climate of economic instability, some countries are considering design and design education as important for their competitive edge in the global economy. This is reminiscent of the call for education to improve design during the Industrial Revolution and should be considered germane again today.
Mathematics in the 20th Century; its Role and Future

Mathematical culture is restricted to the “advanced” cultures of the world. There are also the areas that have become technologically proficient. Mathematics affects, and is used by, the technological parts of these cultures as much as by their sciences. One of the latest gifts from mathematics to the general, as well as to the technological, parts of culture is the computer. The computer has not only speeded up the evolution of technology in modern society, but bids fare to revolutionize much of its way of life. However, except for “computer theory,” the computer has passed the operational parts of arithmetic and the abacus, into the hands of engineers and commercial enterprises in whose hands the cited evolution is being carried out. It becomes apparent that the core of mathematics serves the general culture by producing new concepts whose future, in addition to their uses in mathematics proper, would be to move into the general culture, meeting needs unforeseen at present.
ORGANOMETALLIC AND METAL-CONTAINING ORGANIC POLYMERS-AN INTRODUCTION

As we approach the new millennium, we look back over recorded history and forward to the future. The development of human civilization has often been characterized by the materials used for tools, structures, and weapons. Thus, we have the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Aluminum Age, and most recently, the Age of Plastics. Polymeric materials have in the last 50 years replaced wood, metal, and glass in many applications because of the ease of fabrication, lower density, higher strength, greater flexibility and resistance to breakage and the ability to achieve an attractive surface finish without painting or plating. Such diverse areas as clothing, children's toys, furniture, and automotive parts are now largely fabricated from polymers.
A phase 3, trial of gilteritinib, as maintenance therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with FLT3-ITD+ AML.

TPS7075Background: Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are a common indication for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transpl...
Transitory and Enduring Disability Among Urban and Rural People.

Background Disabilities are not evenly distributed across geography or age, yet few studies on disability have considered these factors. The purpose of this study was to explore rural-urban differences in disability rates, particularly related to gender and race, and what other rural-urban disparities help explain these differences. Methods Utilizing the 2008-2016 Current Population Survey (CPS), we first examined rural and urban disability trends by gender and race, estimating means and rural-urban percentage differences for men and women by race and conducting t test analysis to test group differences by age cohort (eg, comparing white, non-Hispanic, rural 15- to 24-year-old women to white, non-Hispanic, urban 15- to 24-year-old women). We then conducted a logistic regression to explore whether or not the effects of rurality on disability rates could be explained by rural-urban differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results Descriptively, rural people report disability at higher rates than urban people across nearly all age category, gender, and racial combinations. These differences are more pronounced for nonwhite respondents in middle to older age categories. Additionally, while some of the rural disability disparity can be explained by adding demographic and socioeconomic variables to the logistic regression model, the effect of rurality remains significant. Conclusions Our findings suggest that when researchers, policy makers, and service providers are addressing rural and urban differences in health and well-being, self-reported disability is another factor to consider. Future work should be mindful of how disability and space intersect with gender and race, creating significant disparities for people of color in rural places.
Patient-informed and physiology-based modelling of contrast dynamics in cross-sectional imaging

Previous studies have shown that many factors including body habitus, sex, and age of the patient, as well as contrast injection protocol contribute to the variability in contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging (i.e., CT). We have previously developed a compartmentalized differential-equation physiology-based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model incorporated into computational human models (XCAT) to estimate contrast concentration and CT number (HU) enhancement of organs over time. While input to the PBPK model requires certain attributes (height, weight, age, and sex), this still results in a generic prediction as it only cohorts patients into 4 groups. In addition, it does not account for scanning parameters which influence the quality of the image. The PBPK model also requires an estimate of patient’s major organ volumes, not readily-available before a scan, which limits its potential application in prospective personalization of contrast-enhanced protocols. To address these limitations, this study used a machine learning approach to prospectively model contrast dynamics for an organ of interest (liver), given the patient attributes, contrast administration, and imaging parameters. To evaluate its accuracy, we compared the proposed model against the PBPK model. A library of 170 clinical images, with their corresponding patient attributes and contrast and imaging protocols, was used to build the network. The developed network used 70% of the cases for training and validation and the rest for testing. The results indicated a more accurate predictive performance (higher R2), as compared to the PBPK model, in estimating hepatic HU values using patient attributes, scanning parameters, and contrast administration.
Ethics of Location-Based Data in Crisis Situations

Abstract. This presentation will provide an overview of a Workshop-based effort on ethics in location-based, organized by the Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights, and Law Program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). More specifically, the AAAS organized three workshops during 2017 and 2018 directed to exploring the ethical implications of collecting, analysing, and acting upon location-based data in crisis situations – “Developing Ethical Guidelines and Best Practices for the Use of Volunteered Geographic Information and Remotely Sensed Imagery in Crisis Situations.”. The outcome of those workshops and follow up efforts was a document detailing principles and guidelines with the objective of empowering crisis response actors to use location-based data responsibly and ethically. On behalf of all those involved, as a Participant in all three workshops and a AAAS Fellow, I will present an overview of the results of this effort. The presentation will outline the five principles developed and provide examples of their motivation and use: Do No Harm: Identify and minimize potential risk, particularly as they may affect the vulnerability of individuals and populations Define Your Purpose: Ensure action is mission-driven and goal-oriented Do Good Science: Employ scientifically rigorous and responsible methods Collaborate and Consult: Engage with local partners Give Access to Your Data: Share data openly, when safe and practicable The presentation will also reflect on (a) the specific relevance of this effort and its outcome for the international cartographic community and (b) our obligation as academic/professional cartographers to address the dual challenges of leveraging locational data cartographically to support crisis management and humanitarian efforts while also guarding against misuse of the data collected and map generated. I will conclude by reflecting on my experience in working with a diverse, interdisciplinary, international group on this hard problem.
Reliability and Accuracy of MRI in Orthopedics: A Survey of Its Use and Perceived Limitations.

Over the past decade, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic tool has been increasing significantly in various fields of medicine due to its wide array of applications. As a re...
Impacts of Green New Deal Energy Plans on Grid Stability, Costs, Jobs, Health, and Climate in 143 Countries

Summary Global warming, air pollution, and energy insecurity are three of the greatest problems facing humanity. To address these problems, we develop Green New Deal energy roadmaps for 143 countries. The roadmaps call for a 100% transition of all-purpose business-as-usual (BAU) energy to wind-water-solar (WWS) energy, efficiency, and storage by 2050 with at least 80% by 2030. Our studies on grid stability find that the countries, grouped into 24 regions, can match demand exactly from 2050 to 2052 with 100% WWS supply and storage. We also derive new cost metrics. Worldwide, WWS energy reduces end-use energy by 57.1%, aggregate private energy costs from $17.7 to $6.8 trillion/year (61%), and aggregate social (private plus health plus climate) costs from $76.1 to $6.8 trillion/year (91%) at a present value capital cost of ∼$73 trillion. WWS energy creates 28.6 million more long-term, full-time jobs than BAU energy and needs only ∼0.17% and ∼0.48% of land for new footprint and spacing, respectively. Thus, WWS requires less energy, costs less, and creates more jobs than does BAU.
Market Demands and the Perpetuation of Poverty: City versus Country in Jayro's Bustamante Ixcanul

In this study, we examine Ixcanul (2015), a debut film by director Jayro Bustamante. Under a framework of Raymond Williams’ landmark study, The Country and the City, we look at how the film portrays a stark contrast between life in the gritty and chaotic Guatemala City and the peaceful and seemingly bucolic coffee plantation where the main characters live, focusing on how the film reveals that the main problems that the indigenous characters experience on that plantation are inextricably tied to the market demands placed on them by the city (and by extension, the consumers from even beyond Guatemala). As the characters navigate between the two worlds (country/city) to deal with their own crises, we see how life on the plantation keeps the Kakchikel character in a state of perpetual oppression.