cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influenza A virus infections in land birds, People's Republic of China.

Water birds are considered the reservoir for avian infl uenza viruses. We examined this assumption by sampling and real-time reverse transcription–PCR testing of 939 Asian land birds of 153 species. Infl uenza A infection was found, particularly among migratory species. Surveillance programs for monitoring spread of these viruses need to be redesigned.
Variables affecting the splitting of the second heart sound in atrial septal defect.

Abstract This phonocardiographic study of 41 children and young adults with uncomplicated ostium secundum atrial septal defect has resulted in these findings: (1) No correlation could be found between mean splitting and the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio. (2) A positive correlation (r = 0.59, significant at α = 0.01) was observed between age and mean splitting. (3) An inverse correlation was noted between heart rate and splitting (r = −0.49, significant at α = 0.05). Possible mechanisms responsible for these relationships are discussed. A major clinical implication of these findings relates to the evaluation of pulmonary ejection murmurs in infants and young children. In these age groups, an atrial septal defect may exist in the presence of a normal or nearly normal pattern of splitting of the second heart sound.
Medication administration quality and health information technology: a national study of US hospitals.

Objective To determine whether the use of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) and electronic medication administration records (eMAR) is associated with better quality of medication administration at medium-to-large acute-care hospitals. Data/study setting A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from three sources: CPOE/eMAR usage from HIMSS Analytics (2010), medication quality scores from CMS Hospital Compare (2010), and hospital characteristics from CMS Acute Inpatient Prospective Payment System (2009). The analysis focused on 11 quality indicators (JanuaryeDecember 2009) at 2603 medium-to-large ($100 beds), non-federal acute-care hospitals measuring proportion of eligible patients given (or prescribed) recommended medications for conditions, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia, and surgical care improvement. Using technology adoption by 2008 as reference, hospitals were coded: (1) eMAR-only adopters (n¼986); (2) CPOE-only adopters (n¼115); and (3) adopters of both technologies (n¼804); with non-adopters of both technologies as reference group (n¼698). Hospitals were also coded for duration of use in 2-year increments since technology adoption. Hospital characteristics, historical measure-specific patient volume, and propensity scores for technology adoption were used to control for confounding factors. The analysis was performed using a generalized linear model (logit link and binomial family). Principal findings Relative to non-adopters of both eMAR and CPOE, the odds of adherence to all measures (except one) were higher by 14e29% for eMAR-only hospitals and by 13e38% for hospitals with both technologies, translating to a marginal increase of 0.4e2.0 percentage points. Further, each additional 2 years of technology use was associated with 6e15% higher odds of compliance on all medication measures for eMAR-only hospitals and users of both technologies. Conclusions Implementation and duration of use of health information technologies are associated with improved adherence to medication guidelines at US hospitals. The benefits are evident for adoption of eMAR systems alone and in combination with CPOE.
Buyer Beware: The Consumers' Research Archives at the Rutgers University Libraries

Today, consumer testing and rating guides are taken for granted. It is not unusual for a shopper to take a copy of Consumer Reports to a stereo or appliance store, or consult any number of specialized consumer publications before purchasing a particular product. Prior to 1927, there were no organizations dedicated to helping consumers choose between competing brands of products. Frederick J. Schlink, born in Peoria, Illinois, in 1891, pioneered the effort to research and disseminate unbiased product information to consumers. Trained as an engineer, Schlink had acquired extensive experience in the field of standardization at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, DC, and with the American Standards Association in New York City. He combined his interest in the standardization of products created for mass production, a disdain for bogus advertising claims, and a background in testing products to form the Consumers' Club in New York City in 1927. With the publication of his book Your Money s Worth (co-authored with Stuart Chase) in the same year, public sentiment was stirred to demand a consumer testing organization. This book exposed the excesses of advertising and the hazards of shoddy products, and called for independent product testing. The overwhelming response to the Your Money's Worth led to the publication of the first consumer rating bulletin entitled The Consumers ' Club Commodity List. The first issue of The List was published on October 27, 1927. In the introduction, Schlink explained that The List was the first step toward giving the small consumer access to critical information about everyday products. The format of the bulletin included two columns subdivided by various products. Products endorsed by The List were filed directly under a column "A" list; those commodities receiving a negative mark from the compilers were placed in the "B" list. No direct testing of
Complications of Emergency Tracheal Intubation: Immediate Airway-related Consequences: Part II

Airway management in the stable, elective operating room patient is typically exceptionally safe. Conversely, the acute deterioration of an intensive care unit or floor patient being rescued by a clinician unfamiliar with the patient's past and current history combined with an incomplete physical examination places the critically ill patient in a precarious, potentially life-threatening position. Emergency airway management in remote locations outside the confines of the operating room is complex and stressful due to immense airway challenges coupled with the high risk of hemodynamic and airway complications. Despite the commonality of difficulties with mask ventilation, laryngoscopy, and tracheal intubation in this population, relatively sparse literature deals with these subjects. Consequences of airway management should be openly discussed as a first step toward improving airway safety. This is the second of 2 reviews, "Complications of Emergency Tracheal Intubation," and focuses on the immediate airway-related consequences during emergency tracheal intubation in the remote location.
Concentrations and Frequencies of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in a Native American Population That Consumes Great Lakes Fish

Objective: Polychlorinated biphenyl congener profiles were examined in serum samples from 61 Native American (Ojibwa) volunteers who regularly consumed fish harvested from the Great Lakes region. A total of 93 peaks are reported which represent 126 individual chlorobiphenyls. Results: When ranked by frequency, 13 peaks comprising single or co-eluting chlorobiphenyls occurred in all 61 samples (a frequency of 100%). These included chlorobiphenyls 138 + 158 + 163, 105 + 132 + 153, 180, 118, 196 + 203, 74, 182 + 187, 199, 183, 114 + 134, 195 + 208, 206, and 194. These 13 peaks also occurred at concentrations higher than those of all other measured chlorobiphenyls, except for the addition of the peak containing chlorobiphenyls 170 and 190, which was below detection in 15% of the samples and ranked fifth in average concentration. The highly chlorinated chlorobiphenyls resembled human serum profiles previously reported in the literature. Methods: Individual chlorobiphenyls were identified using a gas chromatogr...
Contributions of feed-forward and feedback strategies at the human ankle during control of unstable loads

The nervous system can regulate the mechanical properties of the human ankle through feed-forward mechanisms such as co-contraction and rapid feedback mechanisms such as stretch reflexes. Though each of these strategies may contribute to joint stability, it is unclear how their relative contribution varies when ankle stability is threatened. We addressed this question by characterizing co-contraction and stretch reflexes during balance of an inverted pendulum simulated by a rotary motor configured as an admittance servo. The stability of this haptic environment was manipulated by varying the stiffness of a virtual spring supporting the pendulum. We hypothesized that co-contraction and stretch reflex amplitude would increase as the stability of the haptic load attached to the ankle was reduced. Electromyographic activity in soleus, medial and lateral gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior was used to characterize co-contraction patterns and stretch reflex amplitude as subjects stabilized the haptic load. Our results revealed that co-contraction was heightened as stability was reduced, but that the resulting joint stiffness was not sufficient to fully counteract the imposed instability. Reflex amplitude, in comparison, was attenuated as load stability was reduced, contrary to results from upper limb studies using similar paradigms. Together these findings suggest that the nervous system utilizes feed-forward co-contraction rather than rapid involuntary feedback to increase ankle stability during simple balance tasks. Furthermore, since the stiffness generated through co-contraction was not sufficient to fully balance the haptic load, our results suggest an important role for slower, volitional feedback in the control of ankle stability during balancing tasks.
Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students

Purpose: Electronic communications technologies are affording children and adolescents new means of bullying one another. Referred to as electronic bullying, cyberbullying, or online social cruelty, this phenomenon includes bullying through e-mail, instant messaging, in a chat room, on a website, or through digital messages or images sent to a cell phone. The present study examined the prevalence of electronic bullying among middle school students. Methods: A total of 3,767 middle school students in grades 6, 7, and 8 who attend six elementary and middle schools in the southeastern and northwestern United States completed a questionnaire, consisting of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and 23 questions developed for this study that examined participants' experiences with electronic bullying, as both victims and perpetrators. Results: Of the students, 11% that they had been electronically bullied at least once in the last couple of months (victims only); 7% indicated that they were bully/victims; and 4% had electron- ically bullied someone else at least once in the previous couple of months (bullies only). The most common methods for electronic bullying (as reported by both victims and perpetrators) involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail. Importantly, close to half of the electronic bully victims reported not knowing the perpetrator's identity. Conclusions: Electronic bullying represents a problem of significant magnitude. As children's use of electronic communications technologies is unlikely to wane in coming years, continued attention to electronic bullying is critical. Implications of these findings for youth, parents, and educators are discussed. © 2007 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of Graphene-ZnO Heterogeneous Nanostructures by Chemical Vapor Deposition

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of three dimensional heterostructures graphene nanostructures (HGN) comprising continuous large area graphene layers and ZnO nanostructures, fabricated via chemical vapor deposition. Characterization of large area HGN demonstrates that it consists of 1–5 layers of graphene, and exhibits high optical transmittance and enhanced electrical conductivity. Electron microscopy investigation of the three dimensional heterostructures shows that the morphology of ZnO nanostructures is highly dependent on the growth temperature. It is observed that ordered crystalline ZnO nanostructures are preferably grown along the direction. Ultraviolet spectroscopy indicates that the CVD grown HGN layers has excellent optical properties. A combination of electrical and optical properties of graphene and ZnO building blocks in ZnO based HGN provides unique characteristics for opportunities in future optoelectronic devices.
Inferring sparse representations of continuous signals with continuous orthogonal matching pursuit

Many signals, such as spike trains recorded in multi-channel electrophysiological recordings, may be represented as the sparse sum of translated and scaled copies of waveforms whose timing and amplitudes are of interest. From the aggregate signal, one may seek to estimate the identities, amplitudes, and translations of the waveforms that compose the signal. Here we present a fast method for recovering these identities, amplitudes, and translations. The method involves greedily selecting component waveforms and then refining estimates of their amplitudes and translations, moving iteratively between these steps in a process analogous to the well-known Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm [11]. Our approach for modeling translations borrows from Continuous Basis Pursuit (CBP) [4], which we extend in several ways: by selecting a subspace that optimally captures translated copies of the waveforms, replacing the convex optimization problem with a greedy approach, and moving to the Fourier domain to more precisely estimate time shifts. We test the resulting method, which we call Continuous Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (COMP), on simulated and neural data, where it shows gains over CBP in both speed and accuracy.
Self-efficacy intervention, job attitudes, and turnover: A field experiment with employees in role transition

Based on self-efficacy theory, this field experiment provides a test of the effectiveness of a non-fictitious self-efficacy intervention on bolstering professionals' job attitudes (i.e. job satisfaction, commitment, and intention to quit) and reducing turnover. Seventy-one newcomer and recent insider financial accounting auditors were randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions. Results showed that the self-efficacy intervention consisting of an interview and subsequent written communications from firm management augmented auditors' self-efficacy and raised the job attitudes of insiders, and reduced insiders' turnover five months later. Organizations and organizational research often focus on newcomers; however, the results of our experiment suggest that recent insiders may be a high-potential and yet underutilized target for job attitude and retention interventions.
Urban Development Revisited: The Role of Neighborhood Needs and Local Participation in Urban Revitalization

Traditional models of economic development such as economic base and urban revitalization models have been found wanting. Both models rely on expert-based assessments of local development needs. More recent approaches call for a stronger focus on local development needs and resident skills as the basis for designing development strategies. One such neighborhood-based approach to development is presented in this paper. Its initial step was a survey of 444 households representing 1398 residents conducted in the Hamilton Hill and Vale neighborhoods of Schenectady, New York a 'downsized' community of about 65,000 residents in the Capital District of New York State. Survey results show a strong need for recreation, childcare, a grocery store, care for the elderly and home repairs. Residents' self-assessed job skills and interests appear to be well suited to meet these needs. Yet despite these promising results, barriers to neighborhood-based development persist. These barriers reiterate the long history of iso...
Reversible ADP-ribosylation as a mechanism of enzyme regulation in procaryotes.

Several cases of ADP-ribosylation of endogenous proteins in procaryotes have been discovered and investigated. The most thoroughly studied example is the reversible ADP-ribosylation of the dinitrogenase reductase from the photosynthetic bacteriumRhodospirillum rubrum and related bacteria. A dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase (DRAT) and a dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribose glycohydrolase (DRAG) fromR. rubrum have been isolated and characterized. The genes for these proteins have been isolated and sequences and show little similarity to the ADP-ribosylating toxins. Other targets for endogenous ADP-ribosylation by procaryotes include glutamine synthetase inR. rubrum andRhizobium meliloti and undefined proteins inStreptomyces griseus andPseudomonas maltophila.
UBP43 (USP18) Specifically Removes ISG15 from Conjugated Proteins

UBP43 shows significant homology to well characterized ubiquitin-specific proteases and previously was shown to hydrolyze ubiquitin-beta-galactosidase fusions in Escherichia coli. In our assays, the activity of UBP43 toward Ub fusions was undetectable in vitro directing us to investigate the possibility of Ub-like proteins such as SUMO, Nedd8, and ISG15 as probable substrates. We consequently demonstrate that UBP43 can efficiently cleave only ISG15 fusions including native ISG15 conjugates linked via isopeptide bonds. In addition to commonly used methods we introduce a new experimental design featuring ISG15-UBP43 fusion self-processing. Deletion of the UBP43 gene in mouse leads to a massive increase of ISG15 conjugates in tissues indicating that UBP43 is a major ISG15-specific protease. UBP43 is the first bona fide ISG15-specific protease reported. Both ISG15 and UBP43 genes are known to be strongly induced by interferon, genotoxic stress, and viral infection. We postulate that UBP43 is necessary to maintain a critical cellular balance of ISG15-conjugated proteins in both healthy and stressed organisms.
World Renewal Rituals among the Postclassic Yucatec Maya and Contemporary Ch’orti’ Maya

Archaeological, epigraphic, and ethnohistoric studies indicate that world renewal rituals were an important feature of prehispanic Maya society and continue to play a seminal role in indigenous communities throughout the Maya area today. Our discussion examines two examples of the multitude of such rituals that were performed to recreate the world by replicating the actions undertaken by the primordial deities at the beginning of the present creation. The first involves ceremonies performed by the Yucatec Maya during the Postclassic period (13 th through 15 th centuries) to ritually terminate the old year and begin anew by establishing a “tree” to mark the trees set up in the four quadrants at the creation of the present world, as documented in the prehispanic Maya codices and the colonial period Books of Chilam Balam, written by indigenous scribes in the alphabetic script introduced by the Spanish friars in the 16 th century. The second involves Ch’orti’ speakers living in southern Guatemala today, who perform similar rituals that involve a series of ceremonies undertaken over the course of the rainy season to ensure agricultural fertility. Both ritual complexes involve foundation events, acts of sacrifice, petitions to the rain and earth deities, and an emphasis on sacred watery places.
An Overview of Salient Properties of Planar Guided‐Wave Structures with Double‐Negative (DNG) and Single‐Negative (SNG) Layers

The prelims comprise: Introduction Parallel-Plate Waveguides with DNG and SNG Metamaterials Open Slab Waveguides with DNG Metamaterials The Contradirectional (Backward) Couplers References ]]>
Mast-cell growth factor: its role in mast-cell differentiation, proliferation, and maturation.

The mast cell was first recognized as granular cells in the unstained mesentery of frog by Friedrich von Recklinghausen early in 1863. In 1879, using a staining procedure, Paul Ehrlich termed these granular cells mast cells. The mast cell is generally considered a connective tissue cell that possesses the capacity to accumulate metachromatically staining cytoplasmic granules (Selye, 1965; Fernex and Riley, 1968). Mast cells may differ substantially in size and shape, depending on their location and state of maturation. They are widely distributed throughout the body in connective tissues, particularly around small blood vessels, nerves, glandular ducts, the submucosa of the digestive tract, oral and nasal mucosa, the lining of the respiratory tract, and in the skin. Mast cells are rarely found in the brain or in parenchymatous organs, but are present in capsular connective tissue and the stroma of various lymphatic organs and endocrine glands (Selye, 1965; Valtonen, 1961; Pretlow and Cassady, 1970). Histochemically, their cytoplasm and the granules contain a variety of biologically active compounds, the most important being the anticoagulant heparin, the mediators of allergic reactions (e.g., histamine, serotonin, and slow-reacting substance), as well as various enzymes (Selye, 1965; Buisseret, 1982). Much information is available on the mechanism of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody-mediated mast-cell degranulation, and on their role in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses (Pepys and Edwards, 1979; Buisseret, 1982), yet the normal physiological role of mast cells is still obscure.
Projected changes in cold hardiness zones and suitable overwinter ranges of perennial crops over the United States

Average annual absolute minimum temperatures (TN n ) provide a means of delineating agriculturally relevant climate zones and are used to define cold hardiness zones (CHZ) by the United States Department of Agriculture. Projected changes in TN n , mean winter minimum temperatures, and CHZs over the conterminous United States (CONUS) were assessed using an ensemble of statistically downscaled daily climate model output through the mid 21st century (2041–2070). Warming of TN n is on average ~40% greater than that of mean winter minimum temperatures across CONUS with an average climate velocity of 21.4 km decade−1 resulting in widespread shifts in CHZs. These changes enable a geographic expansion of thermally suitable areas for the cultivation of cold-intolerant perennial agriculture including almond, kiwi, and orange crops. Beyond these crops, warming of TN n has broad implications for food security and biotic interactions.
The role of eye movements in the Müller-Lyer illusion

The size of the illusion was found to be unaffected by reducing the exposure of the figures tachistoscopically, or by reducing the size of the figures. The illusion therefore does not seem to be due to eye movements or a tendency to make eye movements.
Submergence of Bleeding Coronary Artery in Myocardial Tunnel Experimental Study

Summary1) An experimental technic developed in dogs is described in which an endarterectomy incision into a normal major coronary artery has been followed by submergence of the freely bleeding coronary vessel into the myocardium. Such a coronary artery was demonstrated to remain patent in 15 of 17 dogs in which the submerged artery was studied at intervals of 9 to 22 weeks after surgery. The procedure has been free from thrombosis that not uncommonly attends insertion of coronary by-pass prostheses or anastomotic procedures upon the coronary arteries. 2) Regeneration of coronary endothelium has been demonstrated at 22 weeks unattended by clot or thrombus formation. It would appear likely that in the operation of coronary endarterectomy upon man the present procedure may simplify the operation and serve as a satisfactory method of controlling the opened vessel in those cases in which pathological change in the coronary artery makes closure of the arteriotomy wound undesirable.
Analysis of Thrombophilia Test Ordering Practices at an Academic Center: A Proposal for Appropriate Testing to Reduce Harm and Cost

Ideally, thrombophilia testing should be tailored to the type of thrombotic event without the influence of anticoagulation therapy or acute phase effects which can give false positive results that may result in long term anticoagulation. However, thrombophilia testing is often performed routinely in unselected patients. We analyzed all consecutive thrombophilia testing orders during the months of October and November 2009 at an academic teaching institution. Information was extracted from electronic medical records for the following: indication, timing, comprehensiveness of tests, anticoagulation therapy at the time of testing, and confirmatory repeat testing, if any. Based on the findings of this analysis, we established local guidelines in May 2013 for appropriate thrombophilia testing, primarily to prevent testing during the acute thrombotic event or while the patient is on anticoagulation. We then evaluated ordering practices 22 months after guideline implementation. One hundred seventy-three patients were included in the study. Only 34% (58/173) had appropriate indications (unprovoked venous or arterial thrombosis or pregnancy losses). 51% (61/119) with an index clinical event were tested within one week of the event. Although 46% (79/173) were found to have abnormal results, only 46% of these had the abnormal tests repeated for confirmation with 54% potentially carrying a wrong diagnosis with long term anticoagulation. Twenty-two months after guideline implementation, there was an 84% reduction in ordered tests. Thus, this study revealed that a significant proportion of thrombophilia testing was inappropriately performed. We implemented local guidelines for thrombophilia testing for clinicians, resulting in a reduction in healthcare costs and improved patient care.
Scholarly Power, Being, and Nothingness

In 1990, Vaclav Havel addressed a joint session of the United States Congress. It was a heady moment in many ways. Not only was his rise the product of stunning—and surprisingly peaceful—political change; not only was he a living symbol of principled political opposition and its force; Havel was also something extremely unusual: a true intellectual who had just entered the halls of power. And he quickly showed that in his visit to the halls of Congress. The new Czech president was not content to give a mere policy address or a string of bromides and platitudes. Instead he actually talked somewhat serious philosophy to the assembled legislators. Before doing so, he did at least promise, he said, to “limit myself to a single idea.” He called that idea “a great certainty.” What was it? “Consciousness precedes Being, not the other way around, as Marxists claim.”
Computational Accuracy and Infinitesimals In Data Envelopment Analysis

The role of the non-Archimedean construct ∈ in the CCR and BCC models is clarified. It is established that the associated dual linear programs can be infeasible (for the multiplier side) and unboun...
Comparison of Externally Banded Valvuloplasty to Interruption of the Saphenofemoral Junction by Clipping-in-Continuity for Isolated GSV Incompetence

Few studies have compared different methods of correcting reflux at the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) of the incompetent greater saphenous vein (GSV). When comparisons are made they usually report only the presence or absence of reflux as tested by augmentation methods. This study attempted to evaluate not only this function but the hemodynamics of the GSV in response to exercise, a more physiologic approach.
Class Voting in Presidential Elections

Two of our analyses use aggregate voting data to test the theory of the New Class. First, we use county-level presidential voting statistics for the years 1936 through 1976 (and then from 1996 to 2004), and then we examine town-level voting statistics from referenda from Massachusetts and California.
Predictors of Growth Trajectories of Substance Use from 9th to 11th Grade Among Hispanic Adolescents in Southern California

Hispanic adolescents in the United States experience a wide range of cultural challenges including acculturative stress (Romero et al. 2007), discrimination from members of the majority culture and other cultures (Perez et al. 2008), family conflict resulting from parent-child acculturation discrepancies (Szapocznik et al. 1978; Unger et al. 2009), and the challenges of finding a balance between adopting the cultural norms and values of the United States and preserving those of the culture of origin (Balcazar et al. 1995; Gil et al. 1994; Szapocznik et al. 1989). Most Hispanic adolescents learn to navigate these challenges and become well-adjusted, productive members of society. Unfortunately, some turn to maladaptive behaviors such as substance use. Because Hispanics are the most rapidly-growing foreign-born group in the United States (Ramirez and de la Cruz 2002), it is important to gain a more complete understanding of their risk and protective factors for problem behaviors including substance use.
Monitorización terapéutico del tacrolimus en pacientes pediátricos trasplantados sujetos a conversión de marcas comerciales

Objective: Therapeutic monitoring during interchange of tacrolimus commercial formulations is essential to ensure similar exposure in transplant patients. However, there are limited data in the pediatric transplant population. This study aims to evaluate exposure, safety and efficacy in maintenance pediatric transplant patients under generic tacrolimus substitution. Method: Pediatric patients who underwent interchange of tacrolimus formulations were detected by the Service of Pharmacy and included in this study. Tacrolimus trough levels (C0), laboratory parameters and clinical characteristics were recorded before and after the switch. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon matched pair t-test. Results: In total, 10 patients with kidney, liver, heart and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation received the innovator and switched to the generic product. The median (range) of the C0 normalized by the dose before and after switch was 74.8 [(ng/ml)/(mg/kg)] (13.8-518.4) and 65.1 [(ng/ml)/(mg/kg)] (13.5-723.5), respectively (p>0.05). Tacrolimus dose was 0.070(mg/kg) (0.024-0.461) and 0.069(mg/kg) (0.017- 0.571) for the innovator and generic formulation, respectively, with no difference when comparing both values (p>0.05). Laboratory parameters did not change after conversion (p>0.05). Adverse events, acute rejection, death and graft loss were not observed. Conclusion: In our study population, no significant differences in terms of laboratory parameters, drug exposure and dose were observed. We emphasize the need of close monitoring to ensure a safe interchange, especially in vulnerable populations such as the pediatric.
Ultra-Orthodox Jewish interiority, the Internet, and the crisis of faith

This article argues for a recuperation of interiority. Rather than conflate interiority with belief, as immaterial and individualized, research with ultra-Orthodox Jews in New York reveals interiority to be as public and political as is the material. Over the past fifteen years, ultra-Orthodox Jews have been increasingly concerned with religious doubt. Many communal leaders have called the current moment “a crisis of faith,” with the perception that there are new challenges to ultra-Orthodoxy, especially from the Internet. In response, leaders have turned to explicit communal talk about interiority in their attempts to strengthen faith and therapeutically treat those with religious doubts. Public talk, where certain forms and locations of interiority are cultivated and others disciplined, shows efforts by ultra-Orthodox leadership to defuse the power of secular epistemologies, such as psychology and technologies, while harnessing their potentialities for religious authenticity.
Cold Preparation of Heroin in a Black Tar Market.

ABSTRACTBackground: Black tar heroin is typically prepared for injection with heat which decreases the risk of HIV transmission by inactivating the virus. We received reports that persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, a black tar heroin market, were using only water to dissolve heroin. Objectives: Because Tijuana abuts San Diego County, CA, United States, we undertook the present analyses to determine the prevalence of this practice among PWID in San Diego, California. Methods: PWID completed quarterly behavioral assessments and serological testing for blood-borne viruses. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess for individual, social, and structural correlates of preparing heroin without heat within the preceding 6 months. Results: Nearly half of black tar heroin users (149/305) reported they had prepared heroin without heat within 6 months. In multivariable analysis, cold preparation was independently associated with younger age (1...
Management of Post-Traumatic Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens via Right-to-Left Femoral Vein to Femoral Vein Bypass (Palma Procedure):

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare condition resulting from venous occlusion that impairs arterial flow. We report a rare case of post-traumatic PCD after ligation of the iliac vein with successful treatment by right-to-left femoral vein to femoral vein bypass using left great saphenous vein (Palma procedure). The clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and approach to management along with a literature review on the operative management of PCD are presented in this case report.
Intellectual Rules: The Extraordinary Ordinary Belinda

This chapter argues that Edgeworth’s creation of Belinda should be understood as a direct attempt to rehabilitate the idea of the female philosopher in the aftermath of the Wollstonecraft scandal and in the midst of a culture that was rapidly becoming hostile to female intellectualism. Edgeworth allows Belinda, her true female philosopher, to tangle successfully with Harriet Freke, the false figure, and thus simultaneously to disarm the anti-Jacobin anxiety about the philosophical woman and counter Wollstonecraft’s own approach to gender and social change. With Wollstonecraft’s revolutionary feminism dispatched along with contemporary anti-feminist, anti-Jacobin anxieties, Edgeworth frees the female philosopher from the specter of revolution and sexual transgression, making her into an everywoman figure, capable of using her mental and moral intelligence to find personal happiness, promote progress, and further the common good.
Arrested Development: The Slow Start to Mexican Direct Democracy

On March 2014, Mexico adopted laws outlining the use of direct democracy. Direct democracy promised to give citizens greater control of government by reducing the gap between citizens and government. However, the first four referendums were not proposed by citizens but one each by the four major parties. Using process tracing, I examine the congressional debate of direct democracy and demonstrate that its design and rules leave little room for citizens to use the process but allow large organizations, like parties, ample room to use it. The lesson is that direct democracy should not be studied independently from the political parties that adopt it. En marzo de 2014, Mexico aprobo leyes que delineaban el uso de la democracia directa. Esta prometia otorgar a los ciudadanos un mayor control sobre el gobierno reduciendo la distancia entre ciudadanos y gobernantes. Sin embargo, los cuatro primeros referendos no fueron propuestos por ciudadanos, sino por cada uno de los cuatro partidos principales. Mediante el seguimiento de procesos, analizo el debate del Congreso en torno a la democracia directa y demuestro que el diseno y las reglas dejan poco espacio para que los ciudadanos hagan uso del procedimiento, y sin embargo, permiten que organizaciones como los partidos tengan amplio margen para utilizarlo. La leccion es que la democracia directa no debe estudiarse independientemente de los partidos politicos que la adoptan.
AFRL alternative night/day imaging technologies (ANIT) program (Conference Presentation)

The AFRL Alternative Night/Day Imaging Technologies (ANIT) Program investigates lighter, replacements for traditional, fielded image intensifier tubes to enable additional desired capabilities such as all-source digital information fusion/sharing, augmented reality, multispectral sensing, and weapon cueing while providing six-dimensional environmental protection (laser, head impact, noise, nuclear, biological, and chemical). The ANIT ST (2) adaptive all-source image/information fusion; (3) photons-to-photons latency < 5ms; and (4) integration into a small form-factor 24-hr helmet/head mounted vision system. Advanced lens systems (visors, objectives, oculars) are based on diffractive holographic, freeform surface/prism, and gradient index design principles. This program addresses an AFLCMC Tier 1 Tech Need entitled Lightweight Night Imaging and a USAF Multi-MAJCOM priority entitled Digital Helmet Mounted Display (DHMD). The approach involves several S&T efforts in a components track aimed at the development of digital replacements for analog devices and a testbed track aimed at prototyping helmet-mounted augmented reality systems (HMARS) for pilots and dismounted operators. The status of some two-dozen funded efforts will be described. Roadmaps for technology maturation and transitions to DoD acquisition offices will be presented.
Glycoprotein-Mediated Cell Interactions, Nonmucin-Type O-Linked

Glycoproteins can be divided into two large classes of molecules based on the atom linking the carbohydrate to the protein. N-linked glycoprotein refers to the subset where carbohydrates are linked to protein through the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue. O-linked glycoprotein refers to glycoproteins where the carbohydrate is linked to the protein through an oxygen atom. The fact that cell surfaces are coated with numerous glycoproteins bearing thousands of different, structurally complex carbohydrate structures caused researchers over 40 years ago to propose that these carbohydrates would play roles in communication between cells and their environment. Since then, numerous examples demonstrating that such communication exists have been uncovered. In the past few years, several specific examples showing functional roles for cell-surface oligosaccharides have been poignantly provided through the study of unusual forms of O-linked oligosaccharides, including O -fucose, O -glucose, and O -mannose. In particular, roles for these carbohydrates in both regulation of signal transduction events and in cell-surface binding events have been demonstrated. These examples have provided firm evidence that the predictions of 40 years ago were true and are now serving as paradigms for the functional relevance of many different forms of glycosylation.
Neuronal Control of Osmoregulatory Responses in Gastropods

Combining the experimental approaches of environmental physiology and cellular neurobiology can be particularly useful when studying the control of the physiological changes and behavioral modifications that occur in response to environmental stress.
SOME METHODS OF MAINTAINING AND/OR GENERATING TIME AND FREQUENCY AT ARBITRARY POINTS ON SURFACE* OF THE EARTH

THE USEFULNESS of time and frequency standards within such fields as navigation and communication is assumed to be understood within the context of this paper. This paper will discuss some of the ways and techniques of maintaining, setting up, generating, and comparing time and frequency (T/F) standards at remote locations on the surface of the earth. The paper is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to give some guidelines and nominal values of performance, both for clocks and for comparison systems, and it will compliment Roger Beehler’s paper (Beehler 1981), which outlines in more detail the practical methods of T/F dissemination. CONCEPTS Three useful concepts related to T/F and within the context of this paper are: first, the concept of time interval which we may denote as 7 or At. The reciprocal of this quantity is frequency; in other words, the second is identically equal to the reciprocal of the Hz. Currently, the standards employed for generating “the second” are frequency standards utilizing a resonant frequency in the caesium atom: “the second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-I33 atom.”
Drug use and its perceived consequences: A comparison of foodservice and non-foodservice employees

Abstract From 2015 to 2016, positive tests for illicit drugs in the United States increased from 4.0% to 4.2%. This increase reflects a worsening illicit drug-use problem in foodservice and other industries. A survey of foodservice and non-foodservice employees revealed significant differences on demographics and illicit drug-use behavior. Chi-square tests indicated these differences between foodservice and non-foodservice employees on age, ethnicity, education, and illicit drug-use. Independent t-tests indicated a significant difference in illicit drug-use concerns between drug users and non-drug users. Research findings revealed foodservice employees tend to focus primarily on short-term consequences (productivity and lethargy) of illicit drug-use, which may help explain the rampant use of these substances. Foodservice industry professionals need to take a more active role in combating illicit drug use among employees by drug-testing, having clear policies and procedures, increasing accountability and comradery among the workforce, and communicating the long-term negative outcomes of illicit drug use.
Inequality and Participation

This chapter considers the contribution of student debt to inequality in student participation. Debt is often portrayed as a tool for equality, but at least in New Zealand, student debt seems to be entrenching inequality among students. Part of this inequality is economic, but the accounts of the students also suggest that this disparity extends to participation in public life. Inadequate financial support formed real barriers to political engagement for some students, and also contributed to a lack of social networks and experiences of isolation. I argue the two-tiered participation of New Zealand students suggests universities in context of high debt may be less likely over time to be ‘politicising’ environments. I also make the case that this inequality in participation lends weight to the value of more universal forms of student support, rather than approaches that seek to target student assistance more effectively.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in the postpartum period: a case series

Background: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) may present in either the antepartum or postpartum period and is often indistinguishable from other pregnancy-associated diseases. Timely recognition and appropriate treatment can greatly reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Cases: This case series describes two cases of aHUS in the post-partum period, the difficulty in distinguishing the diagnosis, and the implementation of appropriate treatment with eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor. Conclusion: As a terminal complement inhibitor, eculizumab, has been shown to significantly improve clinical and long term renal outcomes, early diagnosis of aHUS is increasingly important. These two cases of aHUS demonstrate the path of accurate diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy to maximize the possibility of patient recovery.
Primary intestinal NK-cell lymphoma, EBV-negative: A case report and literature review

Abstract Primary intestinal NK-cell lymphoma (PINKL) is a rare entity with an overall poor prognosis. It is frequently EBV-positive and is characteristically negative for a T-cell gene rearrangement. Some parameters that may confer a relatively good prognosis include unifocality, the absence of intestinal perforation, and possibly EBV negativity. While exceedingly rare case reports of EBV-negative PINKL are available in the literature, the NK-cell phenotype of these lymphomas is determined solely by negative T-cell gene rearrangement studies. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report of an EBV-negative PINKL that is defined by both flow cytometric evidence of absent surface CD3 expression as well as a negative T-cell gene rearrangement study. Furthermore, these reports do not include cytogenetic studies and/or next-generation sequencing (NGS) mutational analysis of the lymphoma. Thus, herein, we report a novel case of a stage I EBV-negative PINKL with an NK-cell phenotype confirmed by both flow cytometric immunophenotyping and a negative T-cell clonality study, describe its cytogenetic and next-generation sequencing (NGS) mutational profile, highlight the clinical course of the patient's 26-month follow-up, and review the relevant literature. The distinctive clinicopathologic findings of this case may expand our knowledge in understanding the biology of EBV-negative NK-cell lymphomas, which may differ from their EBV-positive counterparts.
Decreasing disabilities by letting babies die

A Catholic hospital is decreasing the prevalence of disabilities in its Neonatal Intensive Care Unit [NICU] survivor. The hospital developed guidelines that encourage parents to allow their premature baby to die. Using extremely negative message framing, the physician guides the prospective parents to choose to forego an examination of their baby when it is born. Making this choice before birth ensure that no intervention or health care will be provided. The goal is to decrease the probability that the family will leave the hospital with a baby who will be disabled. The outcome is the death of a baby who may or may not have been disabled.
Primary User Activity Prediction in DSA Networks using Recurrent Structures

For unlicensed (secondary) users to opportunistically access the shared radio spectrum on a non-interfering basis, it is important that they are able to sense the transmission activities of the licensed (primary) users. However, spectrum sensing expend a considerable amount of energy and time, which can be reduced by reliably predicting the primary user activities. In this paper, we present recurrent neural network models which are able to accurately predict the primary users’ activity in dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks so that the secondary users can opportunistically access the unused spectrum. Using Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) Software Defined Radios (SDRs), we collect over-the-air data from 8 primary users and train the learning models that we use in conjunction with a central spectrum sensor. We start by implementing two machine learning models: (i) traditional linear regression and (ii) neural network model using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). These models are able to predict the primary users’ activity with 75% and 97% accuracy respectively. To further improve the prediction accuracy, we exploit the spatio-temporal correlation in the collected data by implementing a Convolutional LSTM model-which achieves 99% accuracy for predicting the long-term activity of primary users. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed models are able to successfully predict the primary users’ activities, thereby reducing both the under-utilizations and interference violations in DSA networks.
Foosball Coding: Correcting Shift Errors and Bit Flip Errors in 3D Racetrack Memory

Racetrack memory is a promising new non-volatile memory technology, especially because of the density of its 3D implementation. However, for 3D racetrack to reach its potential, certain reliability issues must be overcome. Prior work used per-track encoding to tolerate the shift errors that are unique to racetrack, but no solutions existed for tolerating both shift errors and bit flip errors. We introduce Foosball Coding, which combines per-track coding for shift errors with a novel across-track coding for bit flips. Moreover, our per-track coding scheme methodically explores the design of inter-codeword delimiters and introduces the novel concept of multi-purpose delimiters, in which the existence of multiple delimiter options can be used to provide additional information.