cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Juvenile Justice System Students: A Social Justice Advocacy Approach for School Counselors

School counseling is often absent in discussions concerning students in the juvenile justice system. However, school counselors are uniquely positioned to play a vital role in the successful reentry of these students back into the school setting. Working from a social justice advocacy perspective, school counselors can work within the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model in addressing the needs of juvenile justice students. This article explores the literature on juvenile justice system students and highlights broad strategies for school counselors intervening at the client/student level using the American Counseling Association (ACA) Advocacy Competencies as a guide. Roles and responsibilities for school counselors are examined along with implications for school counselors, counselor educators, and future research.
Development of Arthrometry

Assessment of knee laxity is an important part of a clinical evaluation in the patient with symptoms of knee instability. There are several ways to evaluate knee laxity. First is the physical examination, which includes special physical maneuvers and tests that a clinician may use to evaluate the knee ligamentous structure and function. Arthrometry is another physical examination tool that gives the clinician a more objective way to measure knee laxity and is the focus of this chapter. The first-generation arthrometers were first developed in the late 1970s. These include the UCLA Instrumented clinical testing apparatus, Genucom knee analysis system, Stryker Knee Laxity Tester, Shino knee testing apparatus, KT-1000, Kneelax, Vermont knee laxity device, CA-4000 electrogoniometer, Dyonics Dynamic Cruciate Tester, and Rolimeter. The KT-1000 has become the gold standard of arthrometers and is utilized extensively in research. The operational technique, comparisons with MRI, and limitations are described in this chapter. First-generation arthrometers all focused on measuring translation in a single plane only. The second-generation arthrometers include more sophisticated technologies, which allow calculation of more complex measurements in more than one plane. These include qualitative pivot shift application, KneeKG, Rotameter, GNRB, robotic knee test, and SmartJoint.
Schematic representations of local environmental space guide goal-directed navigation

Abstract To successfully navigate to a target, it is useful to be able to define its location at multiple levels of specificity. For example, the location of a favorite coffee mug can be described in terms of which room it is in, or in terms of where it is within the room. An appealing hypothesis is that these levels of description are retrieved from memory by accessing the same representation at progressively finer levels of granularity—first remembering the general location of an object and then “zooming in.” Here we provide evidence for an alternative view, in which navigational behavior is guided by independent representations at multiple spatial scales. Subjects learned the locations of objects that were positioned within four visually distinct but geometrically similar buildings, which were in turn positioned within a broader virtual park. They were then tested on their knowledge of object location by asking them to navigate to the remembered location of each object. We examined errors during the test phase for confusions among geometrically analogous locations in different buildings—that is, navigating to the right location in the wrong building. We observed that subjects frequently made these confusions, which are analogous to remembering a passage’s location on the page of a book but not remembering the page that the passage is on. This suggests that subjects were recalling the object’s local location without recalling its global location. Further manipulations across seven experiments indicated that geometric confusions were observed even between buildings that were not metrically identical as long as geometrical equivalence could be defined. However, removing the walls so that the larger environment was no longer divided into subspaces abolished these errors. Taken together, our results suggest that human spatial memory contains two separable representations of “where” an object can be found: (i) a schematic map of where an object lies with respect to local landmarks and boundaries; (ii) a representation of the identity and location of each local environment.
Metformin Use in Patients With Historical Contraindications

Crowley and colleagues report a systematic review of metformin and its effect on several relevant clinical outcomes. The editorialist discusses the findings of that review. Because metformin is wid...
First sacral nerve and anterior longitudinal ligament anatomy: clinical applications during sacrocolpopexy

Background The recommended location of graft attachment during sacrocolpopexy is at or below the sacral promontory on the anterior surface of the first sacral vertebra. Graft fixation below the sacral promontory may potentially involve the first sacral nerve. Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the anatomy of the right first sacral nerve relative to the midpoint of the sacral promontory and to evaluate the thickness and ultrastructural composition of the anterior longitudinal ligament at the sacral promontory level. Study Design Anatomic relationships were examined in 18 female cadavers (8 unembalmed and 10 embalmed). The midpoint of the sacral promontory was used as reference for all measurements. The most medial and superior point on the ventral surface of the first sacral foramen was used as a marker for the closest point at which the first sacral nerve could emerge. Distances from midpoint of sacral promontory and the midsacrum to the most medial and superior point of the first sacral foramen were recorded. The right first sacral nerve was dissected and its relationship to the presacral space was noted. The anterior longitudinal ligament thickness was examined at the sacral promontory level in the midsagittal plane. The ultrastructural composition of the ligament was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Height of fifth lumbar to first sacral disc was also recorded. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses. Results Median age of specimens was 78 years and median body mass index was 20.1 kg/m 2 . Median vertical distance from midpoint of sacral promontory to the level of the most medial and superior point of the first sacral foramen was 26 (range 22-37) mm. Median horizontal distance from the midsacrum to the first sacral foramen was 19 (range 13-23) mm. In all specimens, the first sacral nerve was located just behind the layer of parietal fascia covering the piriformis muscle, and thus, outside the presacral space. Median anterior longitudinal ligament thickness at the sacral promontory level was 1.9 (range 1.2-2.5) mm. Median fifth lumbar to first sacral disc height was 16 (8.3-17) mm. Conclusion Awareness of the first sacral nerve position, approximately 2.5 cm below the midpoint of the sacral promontory and 2 cm to the right of midline, should help anticipate and avoid somatic nerve injury during sacrocolpopexy. Knowledge of the approximate 2-mm thickness of the anterior longitudinal ligament should help reduce risk of discitis and osteomyelitis, especially when graft is affixed above the level of the sacral promontory.
Morphologically Controlled Thermal Rate of Ultra High Performance Concrete

This research focuses on defining the design principles that integrate passive-system thinking into the built environment with the goal of mitigating building energy usage by self-regulating the heat gain/loss at level of building envelopes. In collaboration with TAKTL, a company that developed and uses advanced Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) integrated with mold design and manufacturing of architectural elements, our research targets how specific manipulation of UHPC surface area in combination with self-regulating thermochromic response can improve building’s energy performance. By coupling the adaptive color response with surface geometry we can suggest new passive sustainable solutions that would mitigate the energy usage with no additional energy input; purely through designing the form and color adaptation for UHPC concrete Trombe wall components integrated within building facade systems. This paper outlines the first part - the thermal behavior in response to surface geometry. Such comprehensive knowledge not only enhances the possibilities within architectural design, but becomes an effective strategy in self-regulating the heat gain/loss at the building surface level, while reducing the need for mechanical building systems.
Programming by Demonstration with Situated Semantic Parsing

Programming by Demonstration (PbD) is an approach to programming robots by demonstrating the desired behavior. Speech is a natural, hands-free way to augment demonstrations with control commands that guide the PbD process. However, existing speech interfaces for PbD systems rely on ad-hoc, predefined command sets that are rigid and require user training. Instead, we aim to develop flexible speech interfaces to accommodate user variations and ambiguous utterances. To that end, we propose to use a situated semantic parser that jointly reasons about the user's speech and the robot's state to resolve ambiguities. In this paper, we describe this approach and compare its utility to a rigid speech command interface.
Understanding Suicide Across the Lifespan: A United States Perspective of Suicide Risk Factors, Assessment & Management

Suicide is a troubling, preventable phenomenon. Prior to attempts, individuals often seek help, prompting practitioners to perform risk assessments that ideally use evidence-based risk management strategies. A literature review was performed using Harvard Countway Library of Medicine, Google Scholar, PubMed. Key words used were "Forensic Science," "Suicide Risk Management," "Pediatric Suicide Risk Factors," "Adult Suicide Risk Factors," "Geriatric Suicide Risk Factors," "Suicide Risk Assessment." Parameters limited articles to studies/reviews completed in the past twenty years in the United States. Results indicated predictors of suicide in juveniles were insomnia, burdensomeness, and recent conflicts with family or a romantic partner. Adults had greater risk if male, substance abusing, with marital/job loss. Elderly individuals with multiple medical comorbidities, hopelessness, and isolation were at higher risk. Everyone evaluated should be screened for access to firearms. Management of suicide risk involves providing the least restrictive form of treatment which maintains an individual's safety.
A frequency based real-time electricity rate for residential prosumers

The emergence of distributed generation has made a case for a deregulated, competitive, transactive energy market, operating at the level of the traditional residential consumer. These new energy players, prosumers, will interact as the larger energy generators do under the supervision of Independent System Operators (ISOs), but with their own Distributed System Operators (DSOs). This work proposes a prosumer energy management scheme, broken into a day-ahead schedule and a realtime adjustment, mirroring the ISO market structure. Within this framework, a dynamic rate can be designed and tested for the prosumer. A time-of-use (TOU) rate was combined with a frequency based, real-time dynamic rate to produce a hybrid rate that the prosumer can optimize for during its day-ahead and real-time dispatch. This hybrid rate can be calculated every one minute and applied autonomously from the grid frequency, providing secondary frequency regulation and an incentive for better solar management and use of energy storage. Such a real-time rate is the first designed for price-reactive control. In simulation, the real-time hybrid rate is compared to conventional TOU and flat rates and the final daily energy costs are calculated for a variety of residential load types with a realistic distributed solar generation curve gathered from Pecan Street Inc. Dataport. Under the one minute hybrid rate, the results indicate a near zero energy bill can be achieved for a prosumer with day-time load and smart use of energy storage.
Clinical and molecular characterization of urothelial cancer developing after pelvic radiation.

518Background: The development of urothelial cancer (UC) after pelvic radiotherapy (RT) is an increasingly recognized phenomenon. Numerous studies show a relationship between ionizing radiation and...
1648 Current issues for health care workers

Discuss Caring for Displaced Persons, Violence in Health Care Setting, health issues regarding nanotechnology, OH issues for Animal Handlers Presenters:1Rogers B, 2Iavicoli I, 3Nienhaus A 1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill North Carolina, United States 2Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy 3University Clinics Hamburg Eppendorf Centre for Health Service Research in Nursing, Hamburg, Germany
The Double Layer Impedance at Self-Similar Surfaces

Unlike the other contributions in this volume, this chapter will not address the formation of complex patterns in physical or biological systems. Instead, I shall be addressing a complementary problem: given such patterns, what are their physical properties? From what sorts of physical measurements on a system can one infer information about its geometrical properties?
Sequence Order Independent Comparison of Protein Global Backbone Structures and Local Binding Surfaces for Evolutionary and Functional Inference

Alignment of protein structures can help to infer protein functions and can reveal ancient evolutionary relationship. We discuss computational methods we developed for structural alignment of both global backbones and local surfaces of proteins that do not depend on the ordering of residues in the primary sequences. The algorithm for global structural alignment is based on fragment assembly, and takes advantage of an approximation algorithm for solving the maximum weight independent set problem. We show how this algorithm can be applied to discover proteins related by complex topological rearrangement, including circularly permuted proteins as well as proteins related by complex higher order permutations. The algorithm for local surface alignment is based on solving the bi-partite graph matching problem through comparison of surface pockets and voids, such as those computed from the underlying alpha complex of the protein structure. We also describe how multiple matched surfaces can be used to automatically generate signature pockets and a basis set that represents the ensemble of conformations of protein binding surfaces with a specific biological function of binding activity. This is followed by illustrative examples of signature pockets and a basis set computed for NAD binding proteins, along with a discussion on how they can be used for discriminating NAD-binding enzymes from other enzymes.
Sponsoring Girls Who Code Clubs

Girls Who Code (GWC) Clubs are springing up all around the country, with almost 90,000 girls involved from all 50 states. Have you ever wondered what it takes to get a club started? How do clubs make use of the curriculum that GWC provides? Do clubs ever take their girls on field trips to local places that would show them the possibilities of what they can do in computing? Maybe you're already involved with a club and would like to know what other clubs are doing, or you're doing some cool things with your club that you'd like to share. Or maybe you've been thinking about getting a club started and would like some ideas. This BOF will provide a platform for the discussion of starting and running a GWC club, as well as for sharing ideas of the interesting things clubs have been doing.
Reactions to single and multiple transfusions; comparison between homologous and conditioned O blood transfusions.

Analysis of reactions to 5,969 transfusions of homologous blood, as compared to those in 1,045ra tnsfusions of conditioned universal blood, reveals that, during the routine use of group O blood conditioned by the addition of blood group specific substances A and B, there have been no detectable untoward effects ascribable to these specific substances.
Women, Jihad, and Female Returnees

While women have played important roles in many terrorist organizations, jihadist groups have traditionally eschewed using women in active roles. Al Qaeda’s Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri adhered to rather conservative views and preferred to see women in supportive roles to men. They encouraged women to stay at home and raise future generations of mujahedeen. ISIS leaders, on the other hand, have experimented with using women in different capacities. In addition to becoming housewives, ISIS women have assumed more active roles. They have served in the al-Khansaa Brigade, recruited new members, and have participated in terrorist attacks and even in combat. The chapter discusses the changing roles of women in jihadist circles and traces the innovations ISIS has introduced. It further examines the challenges associated with the return of female foreign fighters.
Variations in Precipitating Convective Feature Populations with ITCZ Width in the Pacific Ocean

AbstractMany recent studies have aimed to better understand changes in the characteristics of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), including ITCZ location, width, and precipitation intensity....
Severe pulmonary injury leading to death during thoracic rod removal: a case report.

Removal of hardware procedures following posterior spinal fusion is most commonly performed for hardware irritation without overt infection. It is imperative that surgeons realize that serious complications may arise from this procedure. The purpose of this report is to report a case of a pneumothorax that developed in a thoracolumbar removal of hardware case that resulted in a patient death. Retrospective review of a patient’s medical record and imaging. A 74-year-old patient with a history of T4-10 anterior discectomy and fusion with rib autograft and T4-L2 posterior fusion underwent a removal of hardware procedure for delayed surgical site infection. During the procedure, the tip of the bolt cutter jaw broke and entered the pulmonary cavity leading to a pneumothorax. The patient developed pneumonia 1 month postoperatively and passed away. This case report highlights one of the rare but potential complications of spinal removal of hardware surgery. It is essential that surgeons are aware of the possibility of pulmonary complications during thoracolumbar removal of hardware cases so that they may fully counsel their patients on the potential risks.
Numerical Modelling of Ice Sheets, Streams, and Shelves

The chapter describes numerical methods for ice sheet and ice shelf models, focussing on the use of explicit finite-difference schemes to solve the shallow ice approximation for ice sheets and the shallow shelf approximation for ice shelves. The aspects covered include numerical stability and convergence. Examples of computer code in Matlab are given to aid the exposition.
Real-time Voltage Stability Assessment and Enhancement: Implementation and Use Cases

Voltage stability analysis is an important study performed by transmission system operators. Most of the time, the studies are performed off-line. However, bringing this analysis on-line with actual real-time data provides significantly more accurate results and alerts operators when there is an issue. Bigwood Systems has deployed real-time voltage stability tools across electric utility control centers around the world since 2003. Since then, there has been lessons learned and continued development on the real-time tools for voltage stability. The following paper highlights developments and uses.
Plato and Equality for Women across Social Class

This essay will marshal evidence for Plato’s extension of equal education and professional opportunity to all women, including artisan women who are not his ideal city’s philosopher-queens. I examine the explicit commentary in the Republic, Timaeus, and Laws about women in artisan professions, and I link it together with the three of the core principles advanced in the Republic, particularly (1) the principle of specialization (R. 369b-370c), (2) the principle of irrelevant reproductive differences (R. 454b-e, 456b), and (3) the principle of children’s potential (R. 415a-c, 423c-d) that arises from the myth of metals. Plato uses his Socrates and the Athenian to argue against gender discrimination because it violates these principles. Plato offering a theory of equal opportunity for women across all classes ought to be highlighted as one of the central achievements of the Republic.
Lumbopelvic Stability and Trunk Muscle Contractility of Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability.

# Background Chronic ankle instability (CAI) results in hip neuromuscular impairments that can perpetuate dysfunction through reduced lumbopelvic stability and subsequent malpositioning of the lower body during functional movement. Lumbopelvic stability might be further impaired through changes in trunk muscular contractility. However, lumbopelvic stability and trunk muscle morphology have not been compared between individuals with and without CAI. # Purpose To compare lumbopelvic stability and trunk muscle contractility between individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) and determine if lumbopelvic stability and trunk muscle contractility are associated with self-reported function. # Study Design Case-control study. # Methods Ten individuals with CAI, 10 ankle sprain copers (COP), and 10 healthy controls (CON) participated. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging was used to assess transversus abdominis (TrA) and lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle contractility. A percent change in contraction thickness from rested to contracted conditions was calculated for each muscle. Lumbopelvic stability was assessed using unilateral hip bridge, trunk flexion endurance, Biering-Sorensen, and side plank tests. Self-reported function was measured with the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activity of Daily Living (FAAM-ADL) and Sport (FAAM-S) subscales. One-way ANOVAs and Cohen’s d effect sizes compared scores on clinician and patient-reported outcomes between groups. Pearson product moment correlations analyzed associations between self-reported function and trunk muscle contractility and lumbopelvic stability. Significance was set *a priori* at P\<0.05 # Results COP had significantly greater TrA contractility than CAI (P\<0.01, *d*=2.65\[1.45,3.85\]) and CON (P=0.03, *d*=1.05\[0.08,1.94\]). Although not statistically significant, a large effect size suggest that CAI had lower TrA contractility than CON (P=0.12, *d*=0.92\[-0.03,1.80\]). No differences existed for LM contractility or lumbopelvic stability tests. A moderate direct correlation (r=0.65, P=0.04) existed between CON’s TrA contractility and FAAM-ADL scores. # Conclusion Deficits in TrA contractility are a novel finding among individuals with CAI. While LM contractility and lumbopelvic stability did not differ between groups, future research should continue to examine their relevance to CAI. # Level of Evidence 3b
A New Approach for PLC Ladder Diagram Design

Programmable controllers (PLCs) were developed to solve the problems of automating and manufacturing control systems and they have found wide applications in industrial control fields. Ladder diagram is the most adopted programming language for PLC control. Process sequence and flow charts can be used for simple PLC ladder diagram design. For complex PLC controls, state diagrams have been proposed for PLC ladder diagram programming. However, state diagram method has some limitations. In this paper, based on the analysis and design techniques of digital systems, we proposed a new PLC design approach. In this method, first we need to identify the functions of datapath and controller and the inputs/outputs of both. Second, Algorithmic State Machine(ASM) charts are used to draw the state transitions for the controller. Finally, a ladder diagram is designed from the ASM chart. The best practices with this approach are also discussed in the paper.
Mefenoxam Sensitivity in US-8 and US-23 Phytophthora infestans from Wisconsin

The contemporary dominant clonal lineage of heterothallic Phytophthora infestans in Wisconsin, US-23, is classified as sensitive to the systemic fungicide mefenoxam and is of the A1 mating type. Wi...
Hysteroscopic Approach to a Morbidly Adherent Placenta in the Postpartum Period

Study Objective Morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is associated with major maternal morbidity and mortality with risk factors most frequently related to previous uterine surgery. In rare occasions, retained products of conception (RPOC) could complicate low risk births or first trimester termination of pregnancy, resulting in abnormal bleeding patterns or infectious morbidity. We present a case of unsuspected focal (MAP) that was diagnosed two months after a cesarean delivery. Uterine Sparing treatment was accomplished by a 2-stage hysteroscopic resection without complications. Design Case Report Video. Setting Surgical Suite. Patients or Participants A 35-year-old G1 P0 woman had a cesarean delivery at 37 weeks and 4 days due to persistent fetal breech presentation and premature rupture of the membranes. The cesarean delivery was complicated by estimated blood loss of 1019mL with no mention of any precipitating factors. The patient presented with history of prolonged vaginal spotting while on Depot Provera. Office hysteroscopy and Pelvic MRI were utilized for diagnosis and evaluation. Uterine Sparing treatment was accomplished by a 2-stage hysteroscopic resection without complications. Interventions 2-stage hysteroscopic resection was performed. The first stage was approached by a mechanical morcellation device that resolved the main bulk of the RPOC. The second stage was approached with a Resectoscopic approach to the deep myometrial nodule that persisted on follow up imaging after the index procedure. Measurements and Main Results Complete resection of the RPOC and deep myometrial nodule was accomplished without complication. Conclusion Retained products of conception should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with abnormal uterine bleeding after birth. Treatment can be accomplished with hysteroscopic resection. Resectoscopic approach is more challenging and has a higher risk of uterine perforation yet has the ability to reach the deep-seated lesions. Provider's understanding of the limitations of each method and appropriate referral to an expert surgeon is key for optimal results.
An embedded system for handwritten digit recognition

The goal of this work is the design and implementation of a low-cost system-on-FPGA for handwritten digit recognition, based on a relatively deep and wide network of perceptrons. In order to increase the performance of the application on embedded processors whose performances are way below standard general purpose CPUs, a regularization method was used during the training phase of the neural network that allows for the drastic reduction of floating point operations. Our implementation achieves a 3 × speed-up toward a raw implementation without optimization, while keeping the accuracy in acceptable ranges. Our efforts reinforce the fact that FPGAs are suited for deploying complex artificial intelligence modules.
Funciones de bienestar social no lineales: una réplica al profesor Sen

Comentare solo la seccion 2 de la contribucion de Amartya Sen, donde discute un reciente articulo mio (Harsanyi, 1975).
Revised systematics of Palaeozoic ‘horseshoe crabs’ and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura

The monophyly of the class Xiphosura is critically re-examined. For the first time a phylogenetic analysis of a number of synziphosurine and xiphosurid taxa is performed together with representatives of the other chelicerate orders also included as ingroup taxa. Xiphosura as currently defined is shown to be paraphyletic, and a revised classification is presented. Previous characteristics used to unite the xiphosurids (possessing a fused thoracetron) and a paraphyletic grade of synziphosurines (retaining freely articulating opisthosomal tergites) include the presence of a cardiac lobe, ophthalmic ridges, an axial region of the opisthosoma, and a reduced first opisthosomal segment. All of these characteristics are, however, here shown to be present in other chelicerate groups, leaving Xiphosura without any defining synapomorphies. A number of other characters, including the form of the chelicerae and appendage VII, indicate that xiphosurans may be paraphyletic with respect to a clade consisting of chasmataspidids, eurypterids, and arachnids. What ramifications this has for the evolution of basal chelicerates is briefly discussed, and it is recognized that most of the currently known ‘synziphosurine’ taxa represent offshoots from the main chelicerate lineage with ghost ranges extending into at least the Middle Ordovician.
Getting our ACT together

Results that cannot be replicated during drug trials cost pharma companies millions. Katrina Gore and Phil Stanley describe a tool developed by Pfizer to improve the quality of preclinical study design and analysis
Chemical relaxation of cyclic enzyme reactions: III. Experimental implication of previous results

Abstract The buffering condition is used (with the total enzyme concentration quite small compared to free substrate and free product concentrations) to simplify the expressions of Parts I and II. Equations are then obtained, which give a much deeper insight into the relations between the relaxation times and the analytical concentrations. With reference to the slowest relaxation process, one may then distinguish the “enzyme-level-dependent” relaxation times from those, which do not show this dependence. The expressions obtained are compared among each other and with the literature.
Development and implementation of an adaptive fuzzy-neural-network controller for brushless drives

A brushless DC motor drive with a proposed adaptive fuzzy-neural-network controller is introduced in this paper. First, a neural network-based architecture is introduced for fuzzy logic control. The characteristic rules and their membership functions of fuzzy systems are represented as the processing nodes in the neural network structure. Then, the fuzzy rules and input/output of the system are tuned by the supervised gradient descent learning algorithm. Using an experimental setup, the performance of the proposed controller is evaluated under various operating conditions. Test results are presented and discussed in the paper. The presented controller is shown to be robust, adaptive and capable of learning. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller, a proportional-integral controller has been used to perform comparative studies with encouraging results.
Post-compensation of RF non-linearity in mobile OFDM systems by estimation of memory-less polynomial

The high peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) of OFDM systems introduces inevitable nonlinear distortion in the transmitter and causes both in-band distortion and out-of-band spectrum re-growth. In this paper we propose a novel scheme to compensate for the nonlinearity of RF transmitters with solid-state-power-amplifiers (SSPA) in OFDM by least square (LS) estimation of the nonlinear parameters modeled by memoryless polynomials. The compensation is easily achieved by subtracting the higher-order polynomials of the input from the RF output. Simulation results for spectrum masking as well as the BER curve in 16-QAM OFDM show very stable and promising performance as well as simple implementation.
Kv2 Channels Form Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channels In Situ

A non inactivating potassium current known as the delayed rectifier plays a major role in membrane repolarization during an action potential. Whereas several candidate genes exist that code for potassium current, the identities of the molecular isotypes that are responsible in situ for membrane repolarization remain unidentified. We report that Kv2 channels play a major role in action potential repolarization. Kv2 channel elimination resulted in a reduction of the density of noninactivating potassium current and a prolonged impulse duration. In contrast, suppression of noninactivating current carried by Kv1 channels was much less effective in increasing action potential durations. Thus, whereas different potassium channels encode sustained potassium current, their contributions to action potential repolarization vary and require direct examination in situ. Our results indicate that Kv2 subunits function as classic delayed-rectifier channels in vertebrate neurons.
The Asymptotic Existence of Group Divisible t‐Designs of Large Order with Index One

The following result gives the answer to the question of whether for a fixed number of groups u and fixed block size k a group divisible t-design of group type with block size k and index one exists for sufficiently large m if the necessary arithmetic conditions are satisfied. Let k and u be positive integers, . Then there exists an integer such that there exists a group divisible t-design of group type with block size k and index one for any integer satisfying the necessary arithmetic conditions The case of this theorem gives an existence theorem for transversal t-designs of large order, which was previously proved by J. L. Blanchard in an unpublished manuscript.
Excessive production of reactive oxygen metabolites by inflamed colon: Analysis by chemiluminescence probe

Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) are involved in inflammatory diseases and are postulated to contribute to tissue injury in colitis. To determine whether excessive ROMs are generated by inflamed colonic mucosa and to identify possible sources and type of ROMs, mucosal ROMs were estimated in rats and humans using a chemiluminescence probe. Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic injection of acetic acid or intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C. Intact, inflamed colon in rats produced more ultraweak chemiluminescence than normal colon. Inflamed mucosal scrapings from both rat models produced significantly more luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Addition of catalase, an H2O2 scavenger, or azide, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor, into the media significantly decreased chemiluminescence from inflamed mucosal scrapings. Indomethacin, an antioxidant cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, also decreased chemiluminescence, but MK-866, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, had no effect. Colonic biopsy specimens obtained during colonoscopy from patients with ulcerative colitis also produced more catalase-inhibitable chemiluminescence than normal colonic mucosa. These data indicate that excessive ROMs are produced by inflamed colonic mucosa in both humans and rats, which may contribute to tissue injury.
The interactive effects of age, education, and BMI on cognitive functioning

We examined the moderating effects of age and cognitive reserve on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and processing speed, executive function, and working memory based on the literature suggesting that obese individuals perform more poorly on measures of these abilities. Fifty-six healthy, dementia-free community-dwelling older (mean age 65.72 ± 7.40) and younger (mean age 21.10 ± 2.33) adults completed a neuropsychological battery and reported height and weight. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate the interactive effects of age, education (a proxy for cognitive reserve), and BMI on cognitive scores. Higher education was protective for executive deficits in younger, but not older adults. Age differences in executive functions were reduced at higher education levels but increased in individuals with higher BMI. Results suggest the inter-relationships between cognitive reserve - as measured by education - and BMI differ across age, and that obesity may accelerate the cognitive aging process.
Androgen control of cell proliferation and cytoskeletal reorganization in human fibrosarcoma cells: role of RhoB signaling.

We recently generated an HT-1080-derived cell line called HT-AR1 that responds to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment by undergoing cell growth arrest in association with cytoskeletal reorganization and induction of neuroendocrine-like cell differentiation. In this report, we show that DHT induces a dose-dependent increase in G0/G1 growth-arrested cells using physiological levels of hormone. The arrested cells increase in cell size and contain a dramatic redistribution of desmoplakin, keratin 5, and chromogranin A proteins. DHT-induced cytoskeletal changes were also apparent from time lapse video microscopy that showed that androgen treatment resulted in the rapid appearance of neuronal-like membrane extensions. Expression profiling analysis using RNA isolated from DHT-treated HT-AR1 cells revealed that androgen receptor activation leads to the coordinate expression of numerous cell signaling genes including RhoB, PTGF-β, caveolin-2, Egr-1, myosin 1B, and EHM2. Because RhoB has been shown to have a role in tumor suppression and neuronal differentiation in other cell types, we investigated RhoB signaling functions in the HT-AR1 steroid response. We found that steroid induction of RhoB was DHT-specific and that newly synthesized RhoB protein was post-translationally modified and localized to endocytic vesicles. Moreover, treatment with a farnesyl transferase inhibitor reduced DHT-dependent growth arrest, suggesting that prenylated RhoB might function to inhibit HT-AR1 cell proliferation. This was directly shown by transfecting HT-AR1 cells with RhoB coding sequences containing activating or dominant negative mutations.
Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Interacting Spheres

A basic understanding of the highly nonlinear interaction effects of closely spaced spheres on fluid mechanics and heat transfer parameters is important for improving the design of a variety of thermal fluid-particle systems. Fluid flow patterns, isotherms, as well as Nusselt number distributions and extended correlations are presented for steady laminar axisym-metric flow past a linear array of three spheres. A finite-element method is used to solve the complete Navier-Stokes and heat transfer equations for the system parameter ranges 1 Red  200 (Reynolds number) 2 dij10 ( particle spacings)and 0. 1  prRed 2000 (Piclet number). The verified computer simulation results indicate that convection heat transfer parameters of interacting spherical particles deviate significantly from solitary spheres for all Reynolds and Piclet numbers.
Carnapian Inductive Logic for a Value Continuum

L'A. presente les progres realises par Ferguson, ainsi que par Blackwell et Macqueen, progres qui permettent de generaliser la logique inductive de Carnap. L'A. explique cette derniere et montre par quelles nouvelles regles d'induction on peut l'appliquer aux cas de continu de valeurs et ainsi la reactualiser dans le traitement de problemes scientifiques
Dietary copper and copper dependant superoxide dismutase in hepatic prostaglandin synthesis by rat liver homogenates

Abstract The influence of dietary copper, Cu 2+ additions and Cu/Zn SOD additions on liver homogenate PGE2 and PGF2α production was examined in rats. Dietary copper deficiency significantly decreased both PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis in liver homogenates. Cu 2+ additions to 10 μM or 100 μM (final) had no effect on PGE2 or PGF2α synthesis in either deficient or control liver homogenates. Addition of purified Cu/Zn SOD to a concentration approximately equal to that of control liver, significantly increased PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis in both control and copper deficient liver homogenates. Addition of purified Cu/Zn SOD to a concentration approximately three times that of control liver significantly depressed PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis in copper-deficient liver homogenates. In all cases addition of arachidonic acid (100 μM, final) had no influence on the above listed responses. Both PGE2 and PGF2α production by liver homogenates showed a significant correlation with SOD. Both dietary copper and added Cu/Zn SOD, but not added Cu 2+ , influence PGE2 and PGF2α production in liver homogenates.
Evidence of FCC titanium hydride formation in β titanium alloy: An X-ray diffraction study

Three types of titanium hydrides have been reported: delta, epsilon and ..gamma.. hydrides. The delta hydride forms in the composition range from TiH/sub 1.5/ to TiH/sub 1.99/ and has a CaF/sub 2/ structure with metal atoms on an fcc lattice and hydrogen atoms randomly occupying tetrahedral interstitial sites. At higher hydrogen concentrations, TiH/sub 2/, the fct (c/a .. epsilon transformation is apparently diffusionless, similar to that operating in the cubic/tetragonal transformation in zirconium hydride. The metastable fct ..gamma.. hydride having a c/a value of 1.09 or 1.12 forms from solid solutions of hydrogen in the hcp ..cap alpha.. matrix. While the titanium hydride precipitation in ..cap alpha..-Ti and its alloys has attracted extensive investigation, hydride formation in bcc ..beta..-Ti alloys has rarely been studied because they have not been thought to be liable to hydride formation. This paper shows conclusive evidence for the fcc delta hydride phase formation in the ..beta.. phase Ti-30 wt% Mo by x-ray diffraction study.
Searching for Protestantism in the Encyclopedia of Protestantism

Abstract This article uses Hans Hillerbrand's Encyclopedia of Protestantism 1 to explore the protean character of Protestantism. In considering the question What is Protestantism? it assesses two characterisations of Protestantism: as a rejection of Catholicism and as a religious prelude to secularisation. The article discusses the history of the religion, the challenge of defining a 500-year-old religious family, the ambiguous boundary between Protestantism and Catholicism, and the thin line separating Protestants from their post-Protestant descendants. It concludes by reflecting on the implications of the Encyclopedia of Protestantism for the field of religious studies.
Social Inclusion in a Midwest Local Food System Project

ABSTRACT Local food system projects often incorporate explicit or implicit attention to social inclusion, but actual outcomes have rarely been closely examined. This article develops the concept of social inclusion, drawing particularly on notions of class and community. These themes are explored through a 1997 case study of a Midwest community supported agriculture project (CSA), which sought to increase low-income participation by providing financial subsidies. Analysis is based primarily on a telephone survey conducted with 41 member-households. Although subsidized households had lower incomes than non-subsidized, overall the CSA sample was more advantaged in terms of income, occupation and education than local or regional reference populations. Reasons for CSA participation and levels of participation varied by income, occupation and education, with more advantaged members emphasizing food quality and less advantaged members emphasizing food access reasons for participation. Perceptions of community i...
The Screenplay as Postmodern Literary Exemplar: Authorial Distraction, Disappearance, Dissolution

The article focuses on the how of writing for the screen, examining it as a text-making practice that might help us, by example, to learn new ways of writing that make meaning through polyphony, juxtaposition, dialogical interaction, and the dissolution of the author function. As multiple writers disappear into the screenplays they write, albeit unknowingly and without community, they are doing more than manufacturing homogeneous clones, more than merely participating in a reified ritual of rote iteration in service to Theodor Adorno’s relentlessly commodifying culture industry. They are making a newly engaging literary thing, something epistemologically diverse, unanchored, free flowing, floating, and authorless—an exemplar of how to make what Barthes calls “writerly texts” in the contemporary moment.
Statistical formulation of one‐dimensional electron fluid turbulence

A one-dimensional electron fluid model is investigated using the mathematical methods of modern fluid turbulence theory. Non-dissipative equilibrium canonical distributions are determined in a phase space whose co-ordinates are the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier coefficients for the field variables. Spectral densities are calculated, yielding a wavenumber electric field energy spectrum proportional to k to the negative second power for large wavenumbers. The equations of motion are numerically integrated and the resulting spectra are found to compare well with the theoretical predictions.
Nitric oxide and cardiovascular and renal effects

Nitric oxide (NO) has multiple protective effects for regulating the cardiovascular and renal systems. The major functions include endothelium-dependent relaxation, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as antihypertrophic and antithrombotic activities. Many of the activities mediated by NO are systematically antagonized by angiotensin-II (Ang II), a vasconstrictor peptide. Studies described in the review below have demonstrated that the balance between NO and Ang II activities rather than the absolute concentration of each molecule determines their effects on the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular and renal systems. NO donors have been used for years as therapeutic agents for a range of cardiovascular conditions including angina, myocardial infarction and for the reduction of arterial stiffness. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of these medications will enable the development of novel therapies to balance the effects of NO in the cardiovascular system.
Reconstruction of an extensive chest wall defect using an external oblique myocutaneous flap following resection of an advanced breast carcinoma: report of a case.

We reconstructed a large chest wall defect, resulting from the resection of a locally advanced breast carcinoma, using an external oblique myocutaneous flap. The patient, a 58-year-old Japanese woman, presented with an inoperable breast carcinoma (Stage IV). Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) resulted in a reduction in size of both the primary tumor and the metastatic lesions. However, the patient continued to experience purulent discharge accompanied by an unpleasant odor, as well as contact bleeding from the residual breast lesion. To address these complaints, we removed much of the remaining tumor surgically. The resulting skin defect measured 440 cm2 and was covered using an external oblique myocutaneous flap. The patient’s postoperative course was excellent, and she was still alive and well after 40 months of chemotherapy. This case is a demonstration of the effectiveness of the external oblique myocutaneous flap for the coverage of large ipsilateral chest wall defects.
The impact of technological mobility on workers' careers

Purpose – The aim of this article is to define a new kind of labor mobility called technological mobility, defined here as the different levels of technological change experienced by workers as they change jobs over the course of their career. Technological mobility is viewed as a form of career mobility, and it is hypothesized that moving to jobs in higher‐tech industries might prove beneficial to workers' careers irrespective of the level of education or other measures of ability. Factors that determine upward or downward technological mobility are also investigated.Design/methodology/approach – This hypothesis is tested using data from the NLSY79, a nationally representative survey of the United States, between the years 1988 and 2000. Determinants of upward and downward technological mobility are modeled using industry‐level data on technological mobility. Technological mobility is also regressed against wages to measure its impact on careers.Findings – Gender, education and local economic conditions ...