cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fetal Serum on Fibroblast Pericellular Matrix Formation

Hyaluronic acid (HA)-dependent pericellular matrices (PCM) play a role in embryonic differentiation of mesodermal cells. Fetal fibroblasts have significantly larger PCMs than postnatal fibroblasts. To determine if this property is intrinsic to fetal fibroblasts or induced by factors in the fetal environment, we studied the effect of fetal bovine serum (FBS) of varying gestational age on human fetal, newborn, and adult fibroblast PCM formation. Cultured human fetal, newborn, and adult fibroblasts were plated in triplicate at a density of 1 × 105cells and incubated in medium alone, medium containing 10% pooled FBS, or FBS from the first, second, or third trimesters. The cells were photographed and morphometric analysis of PCM was performed by the erythrocyte exclusion technique. PCM size was expressed as a ratio of the maximal width of the cell matrix to the maximal width of the cell. The unpaired Student'sttest was used for statistical analysis. The earlier the gestational age of FBS used, the larger the PCM observed in fetal and newborn fibroblasts. The PCM of fetal fibroblasts was significantly larger (P > newborn > adult). Medium containing pooled FBS caused a significant (P< 0.001) increase in PCM size in all cell lines compared with serum-free medium. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic factors which affect PCM size. These factors which affect HA-dependent PCM size may contribute to a permissive microenvironment for cell migration, proliferation, and development which may be important for scarless fetal wound repair.
Resistance fluctuations in ultrathin Al films with a nano-hole array

Ultrathin Al films with an array of nano-sized holes are fabricated by quench-condensing Al near 20 K on the surface of alumina membranes with a honeycomb pore structure. We describe this system as an experimental realization of a tunable washboard potential for studying the dynamics of vortices in the zero-temperature limit. We have observed large resistance fluctuations when a dc bias current is applied near the spin-paramagnetic limit.
Management of surgical complete atrioventricular block in children.

Abstract Because there is disagreement concerning the efficacy of and indication for permanent pacemaker implantation in children with postoperative complete (third degree) atrioventricular (A-V) block, experience in the management of this problem at one institution was reviewed. Thirty-four patients with postoperative complete atrioventricular block were identified. They ranged In age from 4 months to 22 years and in weight from 4 to 60 kg and were evaluated from 1 month to 20 years postoperatively. Complete A-V block developed within 24 hours of operation in 28 of the 34 patients. A permanent pacemaker was implanted in 13 of the 28. Death occurred in 4 of these 13 patients and in 5 of the remaining 15 patients who did not have an artificial permanent pacemaker. Complete A-V block developed later than 1 day (2 days to 4 months) postoperatlvely in 6 of the 34 patients; all 6 of these patients survived, and only 3 required permanent pacemaker implantation. Intracardiac electrophysiologic studies were performed by 14 of the 34 patients. The site of complete block was above the His bundle in 5, within the His bundle in 2, and below the His bundle in 4; it was undetermined in 3. The results of intracardiac electrophysiologic studies are important in delineating the natural history of surgically induced complete A-V block and in the clinical management of this lesion. Permanent pacemaker implantation is indicated if complete A-V block persists longer than 2 weeks postoperatively and if the site of the block is within or below the bundle of His.
Drug acetylation phenotype unrelated to development of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus

To ascertain if a genetically determined slow drug acetylation rate is correlated with the development of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as it is in drug-induced SLE, acetylation phenotypes of 27 patients with spontaneous SLE were determined after administration of dapsone. Thirty-three percent were slow acetylators, 63% were rapid acetylators, and one was indeterminate, a distribution not significantly different from that expected in control subjects. Among 4 pairs of first-degree relatives, all of whom had spontaneous SLE, 7 of the 8 individuals were rapid acetylators. We conclude that people who are slow acetylators are at no greater risk for developing spontaneous SLE than are rapid acetylators and that the slow acetylation phenotype is not correlated with familial SLE.
Patterns of self-stabilization in database consistency maintenance

Abstract A substantial portion of the database programming efforts are invested in integrity constraints enforcement. Traditionally, both the constraint semantics and their enforcement were embedded inside application programs. In recent years several studies have dealt with specifying integrity constraints as separate entities (e.g. rules), and relating the database consistency requirements to these rules. In this paper we deal with the complementary issue of stabilizing the database when update exceptions occur. While a simplistic approach is to abort any transaction that inflicts consistency violations, this is not always the desired action. We take advantage of the empirical observation that most of the exception-handling policies follow a small number of behavior patterns. Unlike some previous approaches that base their repair solution on syntactic analysis of the constraints and performance issues, we base our approach on the application semantics as reflected in these behavioral patterns. We describe a model that uses high-level abstractions called stabilizer types denoting these behavior patterns for consistency restorations, whose exact semantics is case dependent. It follows the fault tolerance's self-stabilization approach. An inference mechanism translates these abstractions into executable active rules. This approach provides high-level language to the exception handling portion of the application and substantially reduces the required programming.
Intraabdominal sepsis: Effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis

In vitro studies have shown that phagocytic cells are capable of undergoing activation in response to inflammatory signals and that the activation process is quite complex. A relationship between polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism has been seen in humans. We have sequentially examined circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from a total of 13 postoperative swine with either no sepsis, untreated intraabdominal sepsis, or treated intraabdominal sepsis to determine phagocytic activity over 8 postoperative days (POD). Products of the oxidative burst (i.e., myeloperoxidase) reduced the phagocytic activity of nonseptic swine PMN. Phagocytic activity was augmented by inhibiting the nonseptic swine oxidative burst with 10 mM sodium azide (an inhibitor of myeloperoxidase). In swine with untreated intraabdominal sepsis, PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis exhibited a biphasic response. An initial (between POD1 and POD4) increase in PMN function was followed by a subsequent (between POD4 and POD8) decrease in PMN function. Partial preservation of phagocytic capability was seen when swine were reexplored on POD4 and had their intraabdominal sepsis treated. These results indicate that (1) as in humans, nonseptic swine PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis is augmented by inhibition of the PMN respiratory burst; (2) untreated intraabdominal sepsis produces an initial increase and subsequent decrease in PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis; (3) early treatment of intraabdominal sepsis results in partial restoration of PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis.
Robust coverage by a mobile robot of a planar workspace

In this paper, we suggest a new way to plan coverage paths for a mobile robot whose position and velocity are subject to bounded error. Most prior approaches assume a probabilistic model of uncertainty and maximize the expected value of covered area. We assume a worst-case model of uncertainty and-for a particular choice of coverage path-are still able to guarantee complete coverage. We begin by considering the special case in which the region to be covered is a single point. The machinery we develop to express and solve this problem immediately extends to guarantee coverage of a small subset in the workspace. Finally, we use this subset as a sort of virtual coverage implement, achieving complete coverage of the entire workspace by tiling copies of the subset along boustrophedon paths.
INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLES OF NON-MUSCLE MYOSIN IIA IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTE MIGRATION.

Epidermal cell migration is a key factor in wound healing responses, regulated by the F-actin–myosin II systems. Previous reports have established the importance of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) in regulating cell migration. However, the role of NMII in primary human keratinocytes has not been investigated. In this study, we used a microfabrication-based two-dimensional migration assay to examine the role of NMII in keratinocyte migration. We developed confluent cell islands of various sizes (0.025–0.25 mm2) and quantified migration as Fold Increase in island area over time. We report here that NMII was expressed and activated in migrating keratinocytes. Inhibition of NMIIA motor activity with blebbistatin increased migration significantly in all cell island sizes in six hours compared to control. Inhibition of Rho-kinase by Y-27632 did not alter migration while inhibition of myosin light chain kinase by ML-7 suppressed migration significantly in six hours. Both blebbistatin and Y-27632 induced formation of large membrane ruffles and elongated tails in keratinocytes. In contrast, ML-7 blocked cell spreading, resulting in a rounded morphology. Taken together, these data suggest that NMIIA decreases migration in keratinocytes, but the mechanism may be differentially regulated by upstream kinases.
Equilibrium deformations and excitation energies for non-collective states in odd-Z rare-earth nuclei

Abstract Nuclear potential energy surfaces have been calculated for one-quasiparticle states in the odd- Z rare-earth nuclei. The calculations are based on the Nilsson model with inclusion of nuclear pairing effects. A renormalization of the energy surface to that of a liquid drop is made using the Strutinsky method. The lowest minima in the potential energy surfaces yield deformations ( e 2 , e 4 ) and excitation energies of the one-quasiparticle states,which can be compared with the experimental values after appropriate corrections, including a contribution from zero-point rotational motion. Many of the empirical energy trends among the one-quasiparticle states are well reproduced by these calculations. Some of the observed trends are attributable to variation in the hexadecapole ( e 4 ) deformation.
A model for chemical–mechanical polishing of a material surface based on contact mechanics

Abstract A new contact-mechanics-based model for chemical–mechanical polishing is presented. According to this model, the local polish rate is controlled by the pressure distribution between features on the wafer and the polishing pad. The model uses an analysis based on the work by Greenwood to evaluate this pressure distribution taking into account pad compliance and roughness. Using the model, the effects of pattern density, applied down-force, selectivity, pad properties, etc. on the evolution of the wafer surface can be readily evaluated. The interaction between individual pad asperities and the wafer pattern is investigated in detail. It is shown that the pressure distribution between an asperity and the wafer surface is discontinuous at edges of features that have different nominal polish rates and that this pressure discontinuity dominates the polish rate and dishing of narrow features. The model is implemented as an algorithm that calculates the evolution of the profile of a set of features on the wafer during the polishing process. The model can be applied to chemical–mechanical polishing used for oxide planarization, metal damascene or shallow trench isolation.
Gas-Particle Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SOCs) on Mixtures of Aerosols in a Smog Chamber

The partitioning behavior of a set of diverse SOCs on two and three component mixtures of aerosols from different sources was studied using smog chamber experimental data. A set of SOCs of different compound types was introduced into a system containing a mixture of aerosols from two or more sources. Gas and particle samples were taken using a filter-filter-denuder sampling system, and a partitioning coefficient Kp was estimated using Kp = Cp/(CgTSP). Particle size distributions were measured using a differential mobility analyzer and a light scattering detector. Gas and particle samples were analyzed using GCMS. The aerosol composition in the chamber was tracked chemically using a combination of signature compounds and the organic matter mass fraction (fom) of the individual aerosol sources. The physical nature of the aerosol mixture in the chamber was determined using particle size distributions, and an aggregate Kp was estimated from theoretically calculated Kp on the individual sources. Model fits for...
Plasmonic films with a periodic arrangement of subwavelength slits

In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 197401 (2005)], we introduced a mechanism for creating artificial high refractive index metamaterials by exploiting the existence of sub-wavelength propagating modes in metallic systems. We showed that a perfect metal film with a periodic arrangement of sub-wavelength cut-through slits can be regarded as a dielectric slab with a frequency-independent effective index. Here, we discuss the optical properties of such a system when the perfect metal condition is no longer valid, e.g., in the visible and near infrared wavelength regimes. If the metal obeys a plasmonic dispersion model, we find that films with a periodic arrangement of sub-wavelength slits support two distinct types of guided modes: a surface mode and a set of effective dielectric slab modes. We show how the behavior of both modes is affected by film thickness and surface properties.
Lateral canthotomy transconjunctival approach to the orbit

Multiple surgical approaches to the orbits with the use of the eyelids have been used. The orbital rim incision fell into disfavor because of esthetic considerations. A subciliary approach supplemented by the lateral brow incision is currently the most popular method of approach to the orbital rim. It provides adequate access to the orbit, but it is not without inherent complications, such as unfavorable scarring, ectropion, and entropion. This article describes an alternate approach to the orbit by means of a transconjunctival incision with lateral canthotomy.
Non-photochemical versus photochemical hole burning in hyperquenched glassy water and cubic ice

Abstract The Shu–Small mechanism (J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9 (1992) 724) for non-photochemical hole burning (NPHB) of electronic transitions of chromophores in amorphous hosts at low temperatures is based on a hierarchy of configurational tunneling events that begin in the outer shell and terminate in the inner shell that surrounds the chromophore. Connectivity between the intrinsic and extrinsic two level systems that stem from structural disorder and the excess free volume of glasses are key features of this mechanism. This mechanism has recently been modified to take into account multilevel extrinsic systems (J. Chem. Phys. 114 (2001) 9105). An important prediction of the Shu–Small mechanism is that NPHB should cease upon formation of a crystalline phase produced, for example, by warming of a vitrified glass. In this paper data are presented that are consistent with that prediction. The systems studied are aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate (APT) and free base phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate (PcT) in hyperquenched glassy films of water (HGW) and cubic ice (Ic). The hole-burning mechanisms for APT and PcT are non-photochemical and photochemical, respectively. Surprisingly, the hole-growth kinetics for PcT are as highly dispersive as are the kinetics for APT. This means that the kinetics for photoinduced proton tautomerization in PcT are strongly influenced by its nanoenvironment of water molecules, some of which are involved in H-bonding to the –NH groups of PcT.
Studies in Onagraceae IV. A Revision of the Sub-Genera Salpingia and Calylophis of the Genus Oenothera

There can be no question of the close relationship of the subgenera Salpingia and Calylophis. Both have yellow flowers with a discoid stigma which becomes more or less shallowly lobed, while their immediate relatives (Taraxia, Eulobus, Sphaerostigma, and Chylismia) have practically always a spherical stigma. From each other the two under discussion differ chiefly in the length of the calyx-tube, which becomes extraordinarily long in Salpingia, although one species, 0. tubicuia, is quite intermediate in this respect.
What's the web like if you can't see it?

Awareness of Web accessibility is spreading all over the world among Web designers and developers, due to regulations such as the US law called Section 508 and guidelines like the W3C WCAG. We now see various Web accessibility adaptations on the Web. For example, we see increasing use of alternative texts for images and skip-navigation links for speed.However, we sometimes find inappropriate ALT texts and broken skip-navigation links, even though they are present. These pages may be compliant, but they are not accessible or really usable. We analyzed such problems and found that some sites only try to comply with regulations and guidelines, but without understanding the needs underlying Web accessibility. We concluded that Web designers and developers should experience the real problems faced by people with disabilities so they can create truly accessible and usable pages. There was no practical way for them to experience disabilities.In this paper, after giving an overview of the historical progress of voice browsers, we discuss how much and how well the Web accessibility has progressed by analyzing real world improvements to existing sites. We then describe why the "disability experience" helps give a better understanding of the Web accessibility guidelines and regulations. Some tools like Home Page Reader and aDesigner are available to let designers experience blind users' perspective of usability. Finally, we discuss the future direction of our accessibility efforts.
Nutritional Risk Factors Among Low-Income Pregnant US Women: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System, 1979 Through 1993

B irth outcome has been shown to be affected by many sociodemographic and physiological factors, including race or ethnicity, 1-:~ socioeconomic status, 4 maternal age, 5'6 pre-pregnancy weight, 71~ total gestational weight gain, 7-9 smoking, 6 alcohol consumption, 1~-1:~ and anemia) 4-~7 Low birthweight increases the risk of infant mortality and is associated with increased risk of developmental disabilities, congenital anomalies, and chronic medical condi t ions) s Although much is known about the relationship between birthweight and the a forement ioned risk factors, nationally there are few ongoing data available on the distribution of these risk factors among pregnant women in the general population. Since 1979, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been moni tor ing certain nutri t ion-related pregnancy risk factors and characteristics of low-income women participating in various public health programs. The CDC Pregnancy Nutri t ion Surveillance System (PNSS) is a collaborative p rogram with participating state and territorial health depar tments and Indian health agencies. Individual prenatal and postpa r tum clinical records are continuously collected and compiled at the local or state level. The collected data are forwarded to CDC periodically for processing and tabulation. The resulting informat ion is furnished back to states to assist them in identifying and moni tor ing the prevalence of prenatal nutr i t ion problems and behavioral risk factors that are related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. This surveillance system is intended to provide information for health care providers in the states for p rogram planning and interventions that will lead to improved birth ou tcomes . The system is also in tended to assist the states to build their own capacity to m o n i t o r p regnancyre la ted risk factors and b i r th ou tcome. History of the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System
Bitolterol Mesylate (WIN 32784) Aerosol: A New Long-Acting Bronchodilator with Reduced Chronotropic Effects

Bitolterol mesylate (WIN 37284) is α-[ tert -butylamino-methyl]-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol 3,4-di( p -toluate) methanesulfonate, a diester sympathomimetic amine bronchodilator. Bitolterol mesylate represents a new concept in sympathomimetic amine therapy. It is a "prodrug" which is inactive until altered in the body. The intact 3,4-diester molecule is metabolized by esterase hydrolysis to release the active catecholamine, N - t -butylarterenol. Because the level of esterase is greater in the pulmonary tissue than in the heart, bitolterol mesylate aerosol was shown to be an effective bronchodilator drug, without any significant cardiac side effects. The onset of action was rapid and lasted more than six hours. The improvement over baseline values in the forced expiratory volume in the first second and the mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity was greater than 15 percent and 30 percent, respectively.
Unraveling the Mystery Surrounding Cholesterol's Condensing Effect

The results of nearest-neighbor recognition experiments that have been carried out with exchangeable dimers derived from 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, in the presence of cholesterol, dihydrocholesterol, coprostanol, cholestane, cholesteryl methy ether, and sitosterol, provide strong support for a condensing mechanism in which the flexible acyl chains of the phospholipids complement, perfectly, the shape of neighboring sterols, thereby leading to a high number of hydrophobic contacts and tight packing.
18th international mouse genome conference.

The 18th International Mouse Genome Conference was held in Seattle, WA, US on October 18-22,2004. The meeting was partially supported by the Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER63851. Abstracts can be seen at imgs.org and the summary of the meeting was published in âMammalian Genomeâ, Vol 16, Number 7, Pages 471-475.
A Critique of the Diagnostic Construct Schizophrenia

This article examines problems in the clinical utility of the diagnosis of schizophrenia including reliance on questionable data, arbitrary criteria and categorization, inadequate precision for assessment and treatment evaluation, and omission of information on causal current and historical environmental factors. Some alternatives to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) are briefly considered including continuous recording of individual client’s specific problems and goals, and functional assessments and functional analyses. The article discusses how biomedical assumptions implicit in the DSM-5 diverts mental health workers’ attention from social adversity factors contributing to the development of psychotic behavior and available psychosocial interventions for this disorder, thereby perpetuating biomedical dominance of mental health services.
Terrestrial analogs of the hellespontus dunes, Mars

Geomorphic features in the Hellespontus region, Mars, were compared with dunes of the crescentic ridge type in numerous terrestrial sand seas quantitatively by dimensional analysis of dune lengths, widths, and wavelengths. Mean values for the Hellespontus dunes are close to mean values derived from measurements of all sampled terrestrial sand seas. Terrestrial analogs of form and areal distribution of the Hellespontus dunes are shown by comparison of scale ratios derived from the measurements. Dunes of similar form occur in South West Africa, in Pakistan, in the southeastern Arabian peninsula, in the Sahara, in eastern USSR and northern China, and in western North America. Terrestrial analogs closest to form and areal distribution of the Hellespontus dunes are in the Kara Kum Desert, Turkmen SSR, and in the Ala Shan (Gobi) Desert, China.
LIPID CONTENT OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM

The fatty acid profile and lipid content of four strains of Salmonella typhimurium were evaluated. The fatty acid profiles are characterized by the production of hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cyclic fatty acids (C17, C19) and hydroxytetradecanoic acids. Quantitative differences in the amounts of phospholipid were observed among the strains. The total extractable lipid and fatty acid contents were similar, but the presence of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid and small amounts of 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid in all strains suggest the presence of lipid A. The quantities of phosphatidylserine (PS), the presence of 2- and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic and small amounts of a third isomeric 14:0 hydroxy fatty acid methyl ester may provide some insight into the relative difference in the strains. However, the amounts of quantified PS were the only observed differences among the strains.
Critical incidents, alcohol and trauma problems, and service utilization among police officers from five countries

This study examines the relationship between critical incidents, alcohol problems, trauma symptoms, and service utilization across five countries. A sample of 1286 police officers (79% male; 21% female) from five countries (US = 838, Canada = 231, UK = 102, Australia = 58, and New Zealand = 57) completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the PTSD Checklist – Civilian PCL-C, as well as questions regarding service availability and utilization in an on-line survey. ANOVA and chi-square tests indicate significant country differences on all variables except social stressors. Multivariate analysis of critical incidents, AUDIT, PTSD, and service utilization found negative coping and country of origin mattered. The reasons officers provided for why they felt they could not use available services (i.e., confidentiality, stigma, distrust of department, and ineffective/inadequate) also varied by country, which has important policy implications.
THE CORPORATE INTERVIEW AS A RESEARCH METHOD IN ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

The open-ended corporate interview as a qualitative research method is proposed as a valuable component of an evidentiary strategy in economic geography. It is argued to be more sensitive than other survey methods to historical, institutional, and strategic complexity. The corporate interview method is particularly appropriate in periods of economic and social change that challenge traditional analytical categories and theoretical principles. Some problems inherent to the method, and strategies for minimizing their impact on the research project, are described.
Is it chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis, or chronic megakaryocytic leukemia? Further thoughts on the nosology of the clonal myeloid disorders.

The designations given to the clonal (neoplastic) lymphohematopoietic disorders undergo periodic revision. The World Health Organization (WHO) draws together experts to consider reclassification of these diseases as knowledge of their pathobiology advances.1 The clonal lymphoid diseases have had notable attention. These neoplasms arise from transforming mutations in lymphocytes that have been defined with increasing precision. They have been related to their presumptive normal homologue in the lymphocyte maturation sequence and to the localization of their normal homologue in a relevant lymphoid structure (eg, skin, gut region, lymph node region, spleen, etc). The application of gene expression analysis will result in further refinements of the classification. The next iteration of the classification of the clonal lymphoid diseases will include at least two and, perhaps, three subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It is likely that other refinements in classification based on gene expression profiles will be made. Three cheers for the lymphologists!
Some Properties of the Alcohol-Precipitate Factor with Further Results of Its Effect on Chicks and Hens

Abstract IT has previously been reported from this laboratory by Bauernfeind, Schumacher, Hodson, Norris, and Heuser (1938a, 1938b), Bauernfeind and Norris (1939), and Schumacher and Heuser (1939) that chicks and hens require a factor or factors for growth and reproduction other than those recognized at the time. This factor or factors can be precipitated from a water solution (from yeast) by the addition of ethyl alcohol. Stokstad and Manning (1938) and Stokstad (1938) have also shown that chicks require an additional factor (factor “U”) previously unrecognized. Whether this factor is identical with the factor reported in this paper cannot be stated at the present time. Recently Stokstad, Manning, and Rogers (1940) have shown that their factor “U” is a complex consisting of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and an unidentified growth factor. It is hardly conceivable that the alcohol-precipitate factor can be pyridoxine, since the basal diet used in these studies contains cane . . .
Universal Values Structure and Individualism--Collectivism: A U.S. Test.

In re‐evaluating the theory of universal value structure as developed by Schwartz and the Individualism‐Collectivism syndromes as proposed by Triandis and others, this study, using university students in the United States, concludes that both concepts have acceptance in an intercultural setting. The majority of the value types proposed by Schwartz were found compatible by the sample. The Individualism‐collectivism concept finds a qualified support as American, on the whole, opt for Individualist vales. However, results reveal several anomalies which need further investigation. This investigation also has found the importance of social and cultural structures in analyzing values preference.
Dasyscyphae on conifers in North America. IV. Two new species on Douglas Fir from the Pacific Coast.

As part of the investigation of the European larch-canker parasite, Dasyscypha Willkonmmii (Hart.) Rehm (2, 5, 6), introduced from Great Britain into Massachusetts, Dasyscyphae on native and planted Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga taxifolia (La M.) Britt.] in North America had to be distinguished. This taxonomic research was necessary because Douglas fir in Europe had been reported attacked by the larch-canker organism (5, p. 900), and Douglas fir in New England was affected by a canker (5, fig. 4) with which a Dasyscypha was associated. It thus became important to determine the relationship of the Dasyscyphae occurring on this economically important conifer. Two species on Douglas fir, the introduced European saprophyte, D. calycina Fuckel (nec Pesiza calycina Schum.) (2), and the native organism, D. Ellisiana (Rehm) Sacc. (3), a species associated with a resinous canker of planted blue Douglas fir along the Atlantic Seaboard (3; 5, pp. 903-904), have already been reported. This paper is concerned with two hitherto undescribed Dasyscypha species restricted in their habitat as far as known to Douglas fir growing on the Pacific Coast.
Modeling of Displacement Micropump With Passive Check Valves

Finite element analysis (FEA) of piezoelectrically actuated micropump was carried. The actuator was designed using a PZT (Lead zirconate titanate) layer coated on a flexural PVDF (Polyvinylede fluoride) membrane. The flow of liquid was controlled by the cantilever valves at both the inlet and outlet. The flow rate of the pump was estimated using the stroke volume due to the deflection of diaphragm. The optimum flow characteristics were estimated using the stroke volume as a function of frequency of power supply. The performance of the pump with and without the effect of valve on flow rate was also studied. The operation of the PZT actuator at higher frequencies would lead to self-heating of the material. This limitation on temperature was studied and the ways to reduce the self-heating were verified.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Appointment Politics and the Ideological Composition of the Judiciary

Scholars have advanced a wide range of theories regarding the role of Senate confirmation in judicial appointments. In this article, I directly test the predictions of these models using a novel measure of the ideology of judges on the U.S. Courts of Appeals. The main results indicate that the filibuster and majority party have predominated in appointment politics. Prompted by recent events, I also conduct a simulation-based exercise to examine the ideological composition of the judiciary under a confirmation regime in which the filibuster is not present. This exercise suggests that the Senate filibuster induces moderation in judicial appointments; the elimination of the filibuster is likely to result in a more contentious, if less dilatory, confirmation process and a more polarized judiciary.
Genomic structure and alternative splicing of murine R2B receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPκ, μ, ρ and PCP-2)

Four genes designated as PTPRK (PTPκ), PTPRL/U (PCP-2), PTPRM (PTPμ) and PTPRT (PTPρ) code for a subfamily (type R2B) of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) uniquely characterized by the presence of an N-terminal MAM domain. These transmembrane molecules have been implicated in homophilic cell adhesion. In the human, the PTPRK gene is located on chromosome 6, PTPRL/U on 1, PTPRM on 18 and PTPRT on 20. In the mouse, the four genes ptprk, ptprl, ptprm and ptprt are located in syntenic regions of chromosomes 10, 4, 17 and 2, respectively. The genomic organization of murine R2B RPTP genes is described. The four genes varied greatly in size ranging from ~64 kb to ~1 Mb, primarily due to proportional differences in intron lengths. Although there were also minor variations in exon length, the number of exons and the phases of exon/intron junctions were highly conserved. In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes was used to localize each of the four R2B transcripts to specific cell types within the murine central nervous system. Phylogenetic analysis of complete sequences indicated that PTPρ and PTPμ were most closely related, followed by PTPκ. The most distant family member was PCP-2. Alignment of RPTP polypeptide sequences predicted putative alternatively spliced exons. PCR experiments revealed that five of these exons were alternatively spliced, and that each of the four phosphatases incorporated them differently. The greatest variability in genomic organization and the majority of alternatively spliced exons were observed in the juxtamembrane domain, a region critical for the regulation of signal transduction. Comparison of the four R2B RPTP genes revealed virtually identical principles of genomic organization, despite great disparities in gene size due to variations in intron length. Although subtle differences in exon length were also observed, it is likely that functional differences among these genes arise from the specific combinations of exons generated by alternative splicing.
Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry:

Performance characteristics of an infrared (IR) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) quadrupole ion trap (QIT) mass spectrometer are presented. Both an IR laser and an ultraviolet (UV) laser have been coupled to the MALDI ion source, allowing for a comparative study of the spectra obtained for the same analyte molecules taken at these two wavelengths. The mass range of the QIT instrument was extended by operating it at a frequency as low as 200 kHz. The results presented for small and medium-size peptides demonstrated a lesser degree of analyte ion fragmentation in the case of the IR-MALDI source compared with that obtained using the UV-MALDI source. Due to the fragmentation phenomenon, the mass resolution for cytochrome C ions(MW12384 Da) was an order of a magnitude higher in the case of IR-MALDI compared with the use of UV-MALDI. This phenomenon has been shown to effect the calibration of the trap instrument for higher masses.
Creating Grander Families: Older Adults Adopting Younger Kin and Nonkin

Purpose: There is a dearth of research on older adoptive parents caring for minor children, despite a growing number of such adoptions finalized each year. This study offers a large-scale investigation of adoptive families headed by older parents. We describe these families and explore how preadoptive kinship between the adoptive parent and the child impacts adoption outcomes. Design and Methods: We analyze data from kin (n = 98) and nonkin (n = 310) adoptive families headed by adults aged 60 years and older. Results: We find that older kin adoptive families are smaller, report lower income, and include adoptive mothers with less formal education. Children in these families had less severe needs for special care at the time of placement. Although kin and nonkin older parents offer similar assessments of their parent‐child relationships, kin adopters indicate a greater willingness to adopt the same child again and yet report less positive current family functioning. Multivariate regression analyses reveal that preadoptive kinship predicts more negative parental assessment of the adoption’s impact on the family and less positive family functioning net of other parent, family, and child characteristics. Externalizing behavior by the child (e.g., delinquency or aggression) is the strongest predictor of deleterious outcomes for both groups. Implications: Kin adoption by older adults creates new families under strain but does not reduce parental commitment to the child. We conclude that older adults serve as effective adoptive parents but would benefit from preadoption and postadoption services to assist them in preparing for and positively addressing the challenging behaviors exhibited by adopted children.
Comparison of Pediatric and General Emergency Medicine Practice Patterns in Infants With Fever

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the management approaches of pediatric and general emergency medicine physicians in infants presenting to the emergency department (ED) with complaint of fever. Methods: Infants 90 days of age or younger with a chief complaint of fever were included for review. Vital signs, laboratory workup, disposition, and final diagnosis were collected. Compliance with guidelines was assessed and compared between EDs. Results: Compliance with admission guidelines was not significantly different in any of the 3 age groups evaluated between the pediatric and general ED (PED and GED). Compliance with guideline recommendations for laboratory workup was not significantly different between the 2 EDs, nor was overall compliance with guideline recommendations. Conclusions: No significant variations in the management of febrile infants or compliance with published guidelines between PED and GED physicians were observed. Young infants can be safely treated for fever in the PED or GED.
On the harmonic analysis of non-linear dielectric effects

We investigate the nonlinear dielectric effects in a polar viscous liquid, propylene carbonate, by analyzing the voltage and current traces obtained for a sinusoidal electric field at a frequency of 1 kHz and field amplitudes as high as 162 kV/cm. The main source of non-linear behavior results from the energy absorbed from the field and is understood quantitatively. However, there is a qualitative difference in the behavior of the field induced change, Δe′′(E), and the third harmonic amplitude of the current, I3ω. Although both Δe′′(E) and I3ω are considered reliable measures of non-linear behavior, we show here that the third harmonic signal reflects only those non-linear responses that are instantaneous on the time scale of the test frequency.
Theory Of Microinduction Measurements

The microinduction sensor consists of miniature transmitter and receiver coils and can be used to make a noncontacting conductivity measurement of inhomogeneous media. Theoretical models for the microinduction sensor are presented that make it possible to better understand the response of the sensor in a wide variety of circumstances. For example, the issue of resolution, depth of investigation, standoff, coil tilt, and effect of Maxwell-Wagner charge accumulation are better understood using the model. A Green's function approach is used to formulate an integral equation whose lowest Born approximation and geometrical factor theory can be used to gain physical intuition and to predict the response of the sensor in certain special cases. To solve more general problems, a full wave of theory for the sensor over a layered medium is introduced that includes all electrodynamic effects. >
ON INTERNAL ONTO‐GENESIS OF VIRTUES IN THE ANALECTS: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

Confucius must have inspired his disciples to identify the process and structure of the human self and required self-cultivation in embodying and developing virtues within and practicing virtues as potential ways for its full self-realization. My discussion will be carried out through a conceptual and onto-hermeneutic analysis of the underlying self (ji) structure and its born nature and mind as content as deliberated in the Lunyu (the Analects). On the basis of this approach we will come to see how a moral psychology of virtues is founded and how such a moral psychology has implications for moral onto-generative metaphysics and onto-generative ethics.
Comments on `Adiabatic shock capturing in perfect gas hypersonic flows'

Some comments are provided on the shock-capturing techniques and stabilization parameters used in a recent paper (B.S. Kirk, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2009; DOI: 10.1002/fld.2195) in conjunction with the SUPG formulation of compressible flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further studies of Xh, a serum protein antigen in man.

. Xh has been identified as a serum protein antigen whose expression is both age and sex dependent, and is shown here to be identical with the antigen previously reported as Pa 1. On immunodiffusion, approximately 75% of randomly selected sera from females of all ages form a precipitin line with specific rabbit antiserum. Frequency of the antigen in females is correlated with age; 94% over 19 years of age are positive while only 55% under 19 are positive. Approximately 47% of male sera are positive; no significant changes in frequency associated with age of males were found. The mean level of the antigen in the sera of females over 19 years of age is approximately twice that in male sera. The heritability of Xh expression on the basis of a study of male twins was 0.66. A study of 88 families, with 181 offspring selected so that female offspring were at least 20 years old, was inconclusive in two ways: (1) two female offspring exceptional to the hypothesis of sex linkage were found and (2) no negative by negative matings were observed. Thus, although the Xh data are suggestive of a genetic polymorphic system, the influence of physiological factors on Xh expression and the findings, reported here, of similarly high frequencies in adult females of all racial groups, make it more probable that this antigen is an isotypic marker. Reactivity with anti-Xh was found among sera of some of the great apes and Old and New World monkeys but not among prosimians and lesser mammals. The isotypic specificity is presumed to have arisen during the speciation process leading to the present day anthropoid apes and man.
Observations of rapidly flowing granular-fluid materials

The rapid shearing of a mixture of cohesionless glass spheres and air or water was studied in an annular, parallel-plate shear cell designed after Savage (1978). Two types of flow were observed. In the first type of flow the entire mass of the granular material was mobilized. At high shear rates the shear and normal stresses were found to be quadratically dependent upon the mean shear rate (at constant volume concentration), in general agreement with the observations of Bagnold (1954) and Savage & Sayed (1984), and the ‘kinetic’ theory of Jenkins & Savage (1983). The stresses were found to be weakly dependent on the volume concentration up to approximately 0.5, and strongly dependent above this concentration. For flows in which water was the interstitial fluid, the ratio of the shear stress to the normal stress was slightly higher (than in air), and the stresses at lower shear rates were found to be more nearly linearly related to the shear rate. It is suggested that these effects are contributed to by the viscous dampening of grain motions by the water. The second type of flow was distinguished by the existence of an internal boundary above which the granular material deformed rapidly, but below which the granular material remained rigidly locked in place. The thickness of the shearing layer was measured to be between 5 and 15 grain diameters. The stress ratio at the bottom of the shearing layer was found to be nearly constant, suggesting the internal boundary is a consequence of the immersed weight of the shearing grains, and may be described by a Coulomb yield criterion. A scaled concentration is proposed to compare similar data obtained using different-sized materials or different apparatus. An intercomparison of the two types of flow studied, along with a comparison between the present experiments and those of Bagnold (1954) and Savage & Sayed (1984), suggests that the nature of the boundaries can have a significant effect upon the dynamics of the entire flow.
Comparing the Roles of Barotropic versus Baroclinic Feedbacks in the Atmosphere’s Response to Mechanical Forcing

AbstractDo barotropic or baroclinic eddy feedbacks dominate the atmospheric circulation response to mechanical forcing?To address this question, barotropic torques are imposed over a range of latitudes in both an idealized general circulation model (GCM) and a barotropic model. The GCM includes both baroclinic and barotropic feedbacks. The barotropic model is run in two configurations: 1) only barotropic feedbacks are present and 2) a baroclinic-like feedback is added by allowing the stirring region to move with the jet. The relationship between the latitude of the forcing and the response is examined by systematically shifting the torques between the tropics and the pole. The importance of the mean state is investigated by varying the position of the control jet.Five main findings are presented: 1) Barotropic feedbacks alone are capable of producing the structure of the GCM response to mechanical forcing but are not capable of accounting for its full magnitude. 2) Baroclinic processes generally increase ...