cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenging Students' Religiously Informed Truth Claims: Epistemological and Ethical Considerations for Discourse in Pluralistic Classrooms

How do individuals and groups, with often competing interests, worldviews,beliefs, values, and ideas, come together to approximate some sort of productive,civil, pluralistic, democratic order? This question, and others like it, is central topolitical theory. Many thinkers have taken up this general question in wrestling withindividual rights versus community rights, children’s rights vs. parental rights,education vs. indoctrination, and so on. Yet, when it comes to public schoolclassroom discourse related to religion, democracy, pluralism, and respect, treat-ment is far less robust and satisfying.Many liberal political theorists have attempted to address these issues, but havefocused — perhaps overly so — on the development of democratic principles that,while helpful in the political sphere generally, are less useful when applied to publicschool classroom discussions. For example, John Rawls, who epitomizes classicliberal political thought on these matters, argues that in order to develop rules andguidelines by which all reasonable people can live, citizens must shelve theirparticular moral, religious, and philosophical worldviews, relying instead on publicprinciples to which all reasonable people can agree.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—OUTCOMES RESEARCH: The Sensitivity of Event Logs, Self‐Administered Questionnaires and Photoplethysmography to Detect Treatment‐Induced Changes in Female Sexual Arousal Disorder (FSAD) Diagnosis

ABSTRACT Introduction The literature provides little evidence on what type of endpoints should be used to assess treatment‐induced improvement in female sexual function. Aim The main goal of this study was to provide empiric evidence on the sensitivity of different types of measures for detecting treatment‐induced changes in female sexual dysfunction diagnosis. Methods The measures investigated in this study included event logs, self‐administered questionnaires (Female Sexual Functioning Index; FSFI), vaginal photoplethysmography, and continuous subjective sexual arousal measured during exposure to erotic videos. Participants were 24 women with female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) who received sex therapy, placebo, or gingko biloba in a four‐arm double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial. FSAD was diagnosed utilizing a semistructured interview administered at pre‐ and post‐treatment. Those women who did not meet FSAD criteria at post‐treatment (N = 10) were labeled as “improved,” while women who still met FSAD criteria (N = 14) were categorized as “not improved” even if they showed signs of improvements. Main Outcome Measure Change scores from pre‐ to post‐treatment on the FSFI, event logs, vaginal photoplethysmography, and continuous subjective levels of sexual arousal were used to predict whether women improved at post‐treatment. Results were checked with exact logistic regression to control for the small sample size. Results . The FSFI was the only measure to significantly predict whether women improved at post‐treatment. The findings from this study lend support for the use of validated questionnaires as endpoint criteria in detecting treatment‐induced changes in women's sexual dysfunction. Rellini A, and Meston C. The sensitivity of event logs, self‐administered questionnaires and photoplethysmography to detect treatment‐induced changes in female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) diagnosis. J Sex Med 2006;3:283–291.
Correspondence Between Self-Report Measures and Clinician Assessments of Psychopathology in Female Intimate Partner Violence Survivors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has potentially severe and long-lasting mental health consequences for survivors, including elevated symptoms and diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study examined the relationship between three self-report measures of psychological distress and ratings obtained from the corresponding clinician-administered measures in women seeking assessment for mental health problems following IPV (N = 185). PTSD symptoms were assessed using the self-report Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) and the interview-based Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Depression symptoms were assessed using the self-report Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) and the depressive disorders sections from the clinician-administered Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule–IV (ADIS-IV). Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the self-report Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the clinician-administered GAD section from the ADIS-IV...
How a for-profit ITC can provide value to customers

Summary form only given, as follows. This paper focuses on showing that a properly incentivized independent transmission company (ITC) can best attract new investment, best develop and employ new technology, and best apply innovative management techniques not only to upgrade the grid, but more fundamentally to extract significant unrealized value from the existing grid, all for the benefit of customers. Adopting financial incentives for new transmission investment and innovative rate designs will help to foster efficient operation of the existing facilities. Based on National Grid's experience throughout the world, this paper shows real examples of the benefits of an incentivized ITC.
Hydrogen sulfide-negative variant of Citrobacter

The characteristics of 25 hydrogen sulfide-negative strains of Citrobacter were studied. The majority of isolates were from the respiratory tract and usually were of indeterminate clinical significance. All strains were highly susceptible to polymyxin B, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, and nitrofurantoin.
Commercial satellite imagery: CI, KM, and trade secret law

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of remote surveillance or satellite imagery as they relate to trade secret law, knowledge management, and competitive intelligence.Design/methodology/approach – The paper approaches legal issues from the perspective of a trade secret holder.Findings – While conducting research for this paper, it was found that, while technological improvements relating to satellite imagery and remote sensing are increasingly more precise and ubiquitous, the laws protecting businesses that have an interest in protecting trade secrets are inconsistent. On the one hand, the US Government has given itself a powerful tool to protect trade secrets under the Economic Espionage Act. On the other hand, the Government has granted remote satellite companies licences under which they may sell satellite images to industrial competitors, consequently thwarting trade secret protection effortsOriginality/value – Trade secrets represent a valuable contribution to a nation'...
Experimental constraint on widths of postulated low-mass dibaryons

The consistency of a postulated /sup 3/P/sub 1/ resonance near E/sub L/=390 MeV with the experimentally determined nucleon-nucleon phase shifts at E/sub L/=325, 380, and 425 MeV is examined. It is found that the data require that the width of such a resonance GAMMA< or approx. =0.3 MeV. A similar restriction on the width of a postulated /sup 1/S/sub 0/ resonance near E/sub L/=300 MeV is implied by the accuracy of the data at E/sub L/=210, 325, and 380 MeV.
Psychotherapist reactions to the suicide of a patient

A patient's suicide may evoke the therapist's personal grief and influence professional competence or suicide prevention skills. The incidence of suicide by patients in therapy is examined and empirical studies of therapist response--which commonly includes grief, guilt, self-blame, anger, fear, and self-doubt--are reviewed. Bereavement theories and support programs are described.
Aggression persists after ovariectomy in female rats.

Abstract Aggression occurs not only in males but also in females, however, under different sex-specific stimulus and endocrine conditions. After being housed with males, female rats exhibit frequent and intense aggressive behavior toward unfamiliar rats. However, the female residents primarily attack female intruder rats, while the male residents attack males and not females. Altering the hormonal condition of the intruders can modify the behavior that they provoke from the residents. Castration of the male intruders reduces aggression from male residents, but ovariectomy of the female intruders does not alter the behavior of the female residents. Treatment of the gonadectomized intruders with gonadal steroids significantly alters the response of the male residents. Resident-intruder aggressive behavior depends on the presence of the testes in the male residents but hot on the ovaries or on lactation in the female residents. Even 7 weeks after ovariectomy the female residents continue to show aggressive behavior toward female intruders. In the same time period the castrated male residents show a marked decrease in aggressive and sexual behavior.
Traumatic brain injury and gender: what is known and what is not

This work seeks to provide a brief review of the present state of knowledge of gender differences in traumatic brain injury and the role of sex hormones in the injury and recovery process. A full appreciation of the extent of the laboratory and clinically important differences remains to be defined. The role such differences will play in designing clinical trials and eventual clinical treatment is part of an exciting future in this arena of research.
Post-purchase product satisfaction: Incorporating the effects of involvement and time

Abstract This study examines temporal changes in post-purchase product satisfaction for a durable goods purchase. Involvement and satisfaction variables were measured in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study of car owners. Overall, consumers with high product involvement showed slightly greater satisfaction with their cars than low-involvement consumers over the term of ownership. However, in the 2-month period after purhase, consumers with high product involvement showed a decline in satisfaction, whereas low-involvement consumers' satisfaction increased. The role of disconfirmation in these changes was investigated. Benefits and problems disconfirmation were found to make independent contributions to satisfaction judgments, and the strength and form of contribution varied with product involvement. These findings suggest that benefits and problems disconfirmation need to be measured separately in satisfaction research.
Anterocollis and Camptocormia in Parkinsonism: A Current Assessment

Postural deformities in parkinsonian syndromes are well recognized, but poorly understood and largely refractory to available therapies. In recent times a number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the underlying etiology of anterocollis and camptocormia, but currently there is no consensus. As these conditions are more precisely characterized we begin to uncover that this is a heterogeneous and evolving phenomenon. These conditions bring to light the inadequacies of our current tools to study biomechanics of posture, neuromuscular disorders, and dystonic muscular contractions. The development of objective, accurate tools to directly study and measure the severity of these postural disorders will allow for further understanding of the pathophysiology, the development of novel therapeutics, and adequate clinical trial design.
Modeling Ultrasonic Guided Wave Generation From Piezoelectric Fiber Composite Strip Actuators

Structural health monitoring (SHM) and condition based maintenance (CBM) are keys to shifting the paradigm from schedule based maintenance to cost effective operation and maintenance of reliable systems. Continuous comb transducer strips have the potential to generate ultrasonic guided waves for structural health monitoring of plate and shell structures (pipelines, pressure vessels, storage tanks, airframes). A theoretically driven approach, based on the application of wave mechanics principles, is used to research and design a network of strip sensor. Fibrous piezoelectric composites are considered for the comb elements, widely expanding the design space of these elements to include fiber orientation and volume fraction in addition to size, configuration, and location of the electrodes. Piezoelectric and mechanical properties for these innovative sensor designs are estimated through micromechanical modeling. Specifically, micromechanics enables us to consider different fiber orientations and constituent properties and provides the composite properties for input to finite element analysis of wave propagation. Finite element simulations of ultrasonic guided wave generation and propagation using Abaqus Explicit-Standard Co-Simulation are conducted in order to design the sensory system.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Progesterone induces a secretory protein in cultured rabbit endometrial stromal cells.

Abstract Secretion of newly synthesized proteins by rabbit endometrial stromal cells in culture was studied. Progesterone (P) stimulated the synthesis and secretion of a protein with a mol. wt of approx 62 K and a pI of 6.5–7.0. Induction of 62 K protein synthesis was dose dependent; addition of 10 nM P to primary cultures caused a 2-fold or greater increase in the amount of this protein in the medium while addition of 1 μM P resulted in a 4.3-fold increase. Synthesis of this 62 K protein was not induced by estradiol, dexamethasone, or testosterone, nor was progesterone stimulation of the protein modified by estradiol. Thus, induction appears to be specific for a progesterone receptor mediated effect. Synthesis and secretion of this protein in the culture system described is potentially useful as a progestin bioassay.
Elastic waves in a fiber-reinforced composite

Abstract T he propagation of time-harmonic elastic waves in a fiber-reinforced composite is studied. The circular fibers are assumed to be parallel to each other and randomly distributed with a statistically uniform distribution. The direction of propagation and the associated particle motion are considered to be normal to the fibers. It is shown that the average waves in the composite separate into compressional and shear types. General formulae for the complex wave number giving the phase velocity and the damping are obtained. It is shown that these formulae lead to the Hashin-Rosen expressions for the transverse bulk modulus and the lower bound for the transverse rigidity, if the correlation in the positions of the fibers can be ignored. The correlation terms, for exponential correlation, are shown to have a significant effect on the damping property of the composite, especially at high frequencies and concentrations.
Measurement of Local Disorder in a Two-Dimensional Electron Fluid

The first direct measurement of local disorder in the relative positions of electrons on the surface of liquid helium is reported. The disorder is measured using the change in the transition frequency between one-electron bound states caused by the dipole electric field of nearby surface electrons. The measured value is in agreement with published theoretical predictions.
Applying Hierarchical Task Analysis Method to Discovery Layer Evaluation

Libraries are implementing discovery layers to offer better user experiences. While usability tests have been helpful in evaluating the success or failure of implementing discovery layers in the library context, the focus has remained on its relative interface benefits over the traditional federated search. The informal site- and context specific usability tests have offered little to test the rigor of the discovery layers against the user goals, motivations and workflow they have been designed to support. This study proposes hierarchical task analysis (HTA) as an important complementary evaluation method to usability testing of discovery layers. Relevant literature is reviewed for the discovery layers and the HTA method. As no previous application of HTA to the evaluation of discovery layers was found, this paper presents the application of HTA as an expert based and workflow centered (e.g. retrieving a relevant book or a journal article) method to evaluating discovery layers. Purdue University’s Primo by Ex Libris was used to map eleven use cases as HTA charts. Nielsen’s Goal Composition theory was used as an analytical framework to evaluate the goal carts from two perspectives: a) users’ physical interactions (i.e. clicks), and b) user’s cognitive steps (i.e. decision points for what to do next). A brief comparison of HTA and usability test findings is offered as a way of conclusion.
On-line respiratory gas monitoring.

Abstract An automated system for monitoring vital signs and respiratory gases is described. By careful selection of analog and digital hardware, a relatively small and inexpensive system can be made to perform complex monitoring functions on a practical clinical basis. This system automatically monitors and records vital signs and respiratory gases from 12 beds in our Trauma Unit by time-sharing the use of a mass spectrometer and other instrumentation under control of a small computer. Automatic measurement is performed on heart rate, temperature, aterial pressures, mean central venous pressure, respiratory O2 and CO2 waveforms, and respiratory rate.
Accuracy of Life Expectancy Estimates in Life Care Plans: Consideration of Nonbiographical and Noninjury Factors

Life care planning is a process by which lifetime costs are estimated by a careful projection of needs for items such as attendant care, durable equipment, transportation, and hospitalizations. The estimation of life expectancy is a critical component of a life care plan, because each year of life after the onset of a spinal cord injury (SCI) adds incrementally to the projected lifetime costs. Several types of procedures are used to estimate life expectancy in litigation, including statistical methods that use biographic and injury characteristics to modify estimates from standard life tables, estimates based on clinical experience, and use of standard life tables without any consideration of the SCI. Although the statistical approach is more objective than other methods, it does not account for a host of important variables that impact life expectancy, including income, access to health care, health behaviors, and psychosocial adaptation. This article explores factors that must be taken into account give...
Statistical bias in periodograms derived from solar wind time series

[1] The bias in periodogram spectral estimators is computed as a function of the sample size N by assuming a model power spectrum that decays like f−α at high frequencies. For α = 2, it is shown that when the aliasing of the measured power spectrum is properly taken into account the bias in the “raw” periodogram is nearly independent of frequency for large N. For the range of values 1.7 ≲ α <2, an upper bound on the bias is provided by the case α = 2. Theoretical calculations of the maximum absolute bias as a function of N are used to determine when the periodogram is approximately unbiased and when the bias is significant enough to require the use of a modified periodogram which incorporates data tapering, also called data windowing. For solar wind velocity data acquired by the ACE spacecraft and a chosen low frequency cutoff of 10−7 Hz, the bias in periodogram spectral estimators is found to be less than 4% for sample sizes N greater than 216 = 65536. This corresponds to a 49 day record of 64 s data.
The illusion of knowing, error detection, and motivational orientations

Abstract In the error detection paradigm, subjects are asked to read material containing contradictory information. Glenberg, Wilkinson, and Epstein (1982) reported that subjects not only commonly failed to detect errors (low comprehension monitoring), but they also overrated their objective comprehension of the expository text (illusion of knowing). The present study found that both error detection and the illusion of knowing were related to subjects' motivational orientation in learning. The illusion of knowing and poor error detection performance were associated with ego orientation (competitive focus on self). Higher levels of error detection were associated with task orientation (focus on task).
Comparison of the T‐matrix and Helmholtz integral equation methods for wave scattering calculations

Calculations of the scattering of acoustic waves by rigid prolate spheroids of various aspect ratios were performed with both the T‐matrix method (TMM) and the Helmholtz integral equation method (HIEM) on the same computer to compare the numerical stability of the two methods. For spherical targets the TMM converged more rapidly than the HIEM, but with increasing aspect ratio the rate of convergence of the TMM deteriorated rapidly while that of the HIEM was only slightly reduced. Moreover, roundoff error quickly became a serious problem for the TMM with increasing aspect ratio while for the HIEM it posed no problem at all in the cases considered. The numerical difficulties of the TMM were exacerbated by the fact that the matrices which had to be inverted became increasingly more ill conditioned as the number of partial waves was increased. For the HIEM, on the other hand, the matrices to be inverted became increasingly better‐conditioned as their dimension increased with the order of the calculation.
Measurement of the degree of smoothing in sediment paleomagnetic secular variation records: an example from late Quaternary deep-sea sediments of the Bermuda Rise, western North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract Replicate paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) records for the last 15,000 yr have been recovered from two deep-sea sediment gravity cores on the Bermuda Rise, western North Atlantic Ocean. The records have been correlated using several different parameters and dated by correlation to a nearby piston core which has a high-resolution 14 C chronology. The PSV records are systematically subdued with respect to the expected local magnetic field variability during the Holocene, when sedimentation rates were about 10 cm/kyr. During the Late Pleistocene, when sedimentation rates were a factor of 2–3 higher, the PSV variability was significantly larger. We attribute this to smoothing of the PSV records by a depositional/post-depositional remanence (DRM/PDRM) acquisition process with a 10–20 cm lock-in interval. The degree of PSV smoothing was evaluated by comparing the VGP angular dispersion and vector spectral content of the Bermuda Rise cores with high-resolution PSV records from North America and Great Britain. These results suggest a 50% reduction in the DRM/PDRM recording of vector variability during the Holocene on the Bermuda Rise, with most of the PSV reduction occurring for features of less than 2000 yr in duration. We can reproduce the subdued PSV pattern with a mathematical model that simulates the site DRM/PDRM remanence acquisition process. Finally, the replicate gravity cores document that PSV records may be reproducible on a local scale, even though they only retain a low-pass filtered record of true magnetic field variability.
Variability in and Environmental Correlates to White Pine Blister Rust Incidence in Five California White Pine Species

Abstract Five white pine species were evaluated for their stand characteristics and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) occurrence and incidence in 123 field plots established across their ranges in California. Tree data were collected on stem diameter, crown condition and position, and rust presence/absence; plot data included slope, aspect, elevation, Ribes cover, and climate factors associated with site. Crowns of live trees were generally healthy and crown positions varied by species. Stem diameters were smallest in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.; WBP) and largest in Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey). For the two main species examined, western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.; WWP) and whitebark pine, ranked comparisons of rust incidence were significantly different between northern versus southern and western versus eastern Sierra Nevada plots, but were not significantly different between those species. In rust-confirmed WWP plots, eight signi...
IL-10 mediation of activation-induced TH1 cell apoptosis and lymphoid dysfunction in polymicrobial sepsis.

Recent studies suggest that increased activation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (AICD) is detected in mouse splenocytes during polymicrobial sepsis which may contribute to lymphocyte immune dysfunction [i.e., decreased interleukin (IL-)2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production] leading to the associated morbidity seen in those animals. Thus, we wanted to examine the hypothesis that immune suppressive agents, such as IL-4, IL-10 or prostaglandin E2(PGE2), known to be elevated in septic animals, also contribute to this increase in AICD. Here we demonstrate that the inclusion of monoclonal antibody (mAb) to IL-10, but not anti-IL-4 or ibuprofen (IBU), blunted this sepsis induced increase in splenocyte AICD. Additionally, septic mice deficient in the IL-10 gene product (-/-) showed neither an increase in AICD nor a loss of IL-2/IFN-gamma release capacity. Interestingly, mAb to IL-10 did not altered the extent of AICD in a Th2-cell line, but exogenous IL-10 did potentiate Th1-like cell line AICD. This was consistent with the finding that the increased AICD seen in septic mouse splenocytes was restricted largely to the CD4+ cells producing IL-2 (Th1-cells) and that mAb to IL-10 treatment suppressed this change. Furthermore, IL-10 appears to mediate its AICD effect by upregulation of the Fas receptor and Fas receptor signaling protein components, but not by altered expression of Bcl/Bax/Bad family members, in septic mouse splenocytes. To the extent that these processes contribute in a pathological fashion to the animal's capacity to survive sepsis we have previously observed that in vivo post-treatment of mice with mAb IL-10 markedly attenuated septic mortality. Collectively, these data indicate that in the septic mouse the Th2 cytokine IL-10 not only serves to actively induce Th1 lymphocyte immune dysfunction but also plays a role in their apoptotic depletion. These processes in turn appear to contribute to the animal's inability to ward off lethal septic challenge.
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' research program on children's environmental health

This article highlights the wide array of research programs supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) that address issues related to children's environmental health. Special attention is given to the interagency, collaborative Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research program. A brief description of each of the eight centers highlights scientific foci and research efforts to date. In addition to discussing NIEHS-supported research programs, the article emphasizes the NIEHS commitment to the promotion of translating basic research findings into public health knowledge so that culturally sensitive and applicable interventions may be developed.
Follicular mucinosis: Clinical, histologic, and molecular remission with minocycline

Follicular mucinosis is an uncommon inflammatory disorder characterized histologically by mucin accumulation in the follicular epithelium. The condition is generally divided into primary and secondary forms, the latter being frequently associated with mycosis fungoides. Lesional skin T-cell clonality has been documented in some patients with follicular mucinosis, even those with no histologic evidence of cutaneous lymphoma. In this report, we describe a patient with clonal idiopathic primary follicular mucinosis who had complete clinical, histologic, and molecular remission with minocycline therapy.
Androgen deprivation therapy and cardiac function: effects of endurance training.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of an 8-week androgen deprivation therapy treatment using Zoladex and an endurance training regimen on cardiac function. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats received either Zoladex or placebo. Animals remained sedentary or endurance trained during the drug treatment period. On day 57, ex vivo cardiac function was analyzed. Results: Hearts from sedentary animals receiving Zoladex possessed significant cardiac dysfunction. However, hearts from exercise trained rats receiving Zoladex possessed cardiac function values similar to those from hearts from placebo animals. Conclusions: An 8-week treatment with Zoladex promoted cardiac dysfunction. Endurance training during Zoladex treatment protected against this cardiac dysfunction.
Appropriate use of drug-eluting stents: balancing the reduction in restenosis with the concern of late thrombosis

Restenosis is a serious occurrence that can lead not only to recurrent angina and repeat revascularisation but also to acute coronary syndromes. Drug-eluting stents revolutionised interventional cardiology owing to their pronounced ability to reduce restenosis compared with bare-metal stents. Attention has now shifted to safety of these devices because of evidence suggesting an association with late stent thrombosis. Findings of randomised clinical trials have not shown that drug-eluting stents result in excess mortality after 4-5 years of follow-up. Current recommendations are that individuals with a drug-eluting stent should receive at least 12 months of uninterrupted dual antiplatelet treatment; patients must understand the importance of this long-term regimen. Patients' assessment should focus on bleeding abnormalities, pre-existing disorders that need anticoagulation treatment, and possible future surgical procedures, since these factors could all contraindicate use of drug-eluting stents. Many people will do well with a bare-metal stent, whereas for individuals with a high likelihood of restenosis and late thrombosis, medical management or surgical revascularisation might be preferred options.
Spin crossover complexes of iron(III) with an N4 tetradentate Schiff base ligand

Abstract Iron(III) complexes of the Schiff base formed from the condensation of 2-aminobenzaldehyde and ethylenediamine, H2amben, were prepared by the reaction of H2amben with iron(III) halides in acetone. Fe(amben)Cl and Fe(amben)Br·H2O exhibit a spin crossover between the 2T and 6A states as shown by magnetic susceptibility measurements, variable temperature Mossbauer spectra, and electron spin resonance at 77 K. Structural investigation of this ligand system was carried out on the copper(II) and nickel(II) analogues. Cu(amben) and Ni(amben) are both orthorhombic with space group P212121 (No. 19) and unit cell parameters and volume of a = 7.744(2), b = 26.486(7), c = 6.9706(8) A , V = 1429.7(8) A 3 for Cu(amben) and a = 7.651(1), b = 25.993(5), c = 7.040(1) A , V = 1400.1(4) A 3 for Ni(amben). The final R values for Cu(amben) (a total of 1515 reflections of which 1246 were classified as observed (I>3.00σ(I)) and Ni(amben) (a total of 1483 reflections of which 979 were classified as observed) are R = 0.059, Rw = 0.90 and R = 0.065, Rw = 0.085, respectively. Both Cu(amben) and Ni(amben) are monomeric and approximately square planar. The large dihedral angles between the phenyl rings of Cu(amben) (26.7°) and Ni(amben) (27.4°) may be related to the observation of spin crossover behavior in the iron(III) complexes.
Placing the Horse in Front of the Wagon: Toward a Conceptual Understanding of the Development of Self-Esteem in Children and Adolescents

Existing research on self-esteem among children and adolescents has focused on defining self-esteem, measuring self-esteem, and indicating variables that influence self-esteem. However, limited research and thought has been given to explain conceptually how self-esteem is developed and maintained. This paper suggests that the existing literature lacks a theoretical conceptualization of how self-esteem is developed and provides a three-pronged conceptualization indicating that associations, activities, and aural support develop and maintain self-esteem. The conceptualization provided has research, policy, and programmatic implications.
Application of Kinematic Wave Equations to Border Irrigation Design

Abstract Accuracy of the kinematic wave ( KW ) approximation was tested on 31 experimental irrigation borders by computing the KW number and its modified version. In a majority of cases, this approximation was found to be sufficiently accurate. A KW model, reported previously, was used to derive dimensionless advance and recession curves for application to border irrigation design. These curves can be developed for a wide range of design variables and parameters for ready practical use. A step by step design procedure, based on this model is presented. Its validity was tested by comparing observed irrigation efficiencies with those computed by the model. A close agreement between computed and observed efficiencies suggests that the KW model is reasonably accurate. Its simplicity and physical basis may justify its large-scale field application.
Eating disorders and personality: A methodological and empirical review

Methodological approaches utilized to evaluate models of the relationship between personality and eating disorders, as well as empirical support for each model, are reviewed. Limited prospective research suggests that negative emotionality, perfectionism, drive for thinness, poor interoceptive awareness, ineffectiveness, and obsessive-compulsive personality traits are likely predisposing factors. Limited family study research suggests that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and anorexia nervosa share a common familial liability. Potential pathoplastic personality factors include Cluster B personality disorders and OCPD, which predict a poorer course and/or outcome, and histrionic personality traits and self-directedness, which predict a more favorable course and/or outcome. Future research should focus upon sophisticated prospective and family study research in order to best evaluate competing models of the eating disorder-personality relationship.
The catalytic activity of lipases toward hydroxy fatty acids—A review

Hydroxy fatty acids, derived from several natural and synthetic sources, have many applications. Lipases have been employed to catalyze reactions involving hydroxy acids to narrowly shape the product distribution via their regio- and stereoselectivities. This manuscript reviews the action of lipase on hydroxy acids and their derivatives. The formation of estolides or lactones by lipase-catalyzed reactions depends strongly on the position of the hydroxyl moiety on the hydroxy acyl group and slightly on the hydroxy acid chainlength and concentration.Pseudomonas sp. and porcine pancreatic lipases are the most useful for catalyzing formation of optically pure lactones, while lipases lacking positional selectivity catalyzed estolide formation best. The product distribution of lipase-catalyzed esterification between hydroxy- and nonhydroxy-acyl groups is strongly dependent on the lipase type. Lipase-catalyzed reactions between hydroxy acids and alcohols yield hydroxy esters, not estolides, as the major product.
Social control of opinion survey agencies.

"The roots of present-day opinion surveying are laid in the closely allied fields of journalism and advertising. The founders and directors have shown more interest in the propagandist's art of influencing man's opinion than in dispassionately assaying what that opinion, if any, might be." The American Association for Public Opinion Research is considered to constitute a trade association rather than a professional scientific society. Licensing of pollers was first proposed by Bernays in 1945. The present proposal is that a federal law be passed providing for the issuance of federal licenses to organizations engaging in interstate opinion polling activities. Minimum standards of scientifically ethical practice must be an integral part of the law. It is suggested that Congress ask the American Psychological Association, the American Sociological Society and the American Statistical Association to appoint advisory committees. 15 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Impaired blood pressure compensation following hemorrhage in conscious obese Zucker rats

Aims Hemorrhagic shock leads to a higher risk of mortality and morbidity in obese patients, however the mechanisms for these outcomes are unclear. We hypothesized that following severe hemorrhage, blood pressure control in conscious obese Zucker rats (OZ) is impaired.
X-Ray/EUV Multilayers: Promise And Pitfalls

The enhanced reflectance achieved by recent developments in X-ray optics multilayer technology have made normal incidence X-ray/EUV telescopes feasible for many applications of interest. Conventional optical designs with obvious advantages over the somewhat cumbersome grazing incidence designs of Kirkpatrick, Baez, and Wolter can thus be utilized even at X-ray wavelengths. Preliminary results of actual flight data from such systems suggests great promise of scientific achievement from this new technology. It is widely recognized that "supersmooth" substrates are required since microroughness can seriously reduce the reflectance obtained from the multilayer. The (spectral) reflectance has thus become the most common measure of performance in the evaluation of X-ray multilayers. This ability to collect radiation and direct it toward a focal plane is a necessary but not sufficient condition for producing high quality images. The second and equally important condition is the ability to concentrate that radiation in a very small region in the focal plane. It is this condition that allows high spatial resolution images to be obtained. Conventional optical figure requirements are tolerable since these systems are usually far from diffraction-limited at their operational wavelengths. Optical substrates with satisfactory "figure" and "finish" for X-ray/EUV applications have been successfully demonstrated. However, image quality degradation due to "mid spatial frequency" optical fabrication errors which bridge the gap between figure and finish is not nearly so well understood. It is the small angle scatter produced from these mid spatial frequency optical fabrication errors that will limit the practical resolution attainable from this promising new technology. Parametric optical performance predictions illustrating the capabilities and limitations of X-ray multilayers will be presented. The results of these calculations indicate that sub arc second resolution is indeed possible provided sufficiently smooth layer interfaces are maintained; however, image degradation occurs in a rather non-intuitive manner with varying interface PSD slope.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The size of the alpha‐effects in methyl transfers correlate with Koopmans' theorem ionization potentials

The size of the alpha-effects in methyl transfers to the alpha-nucleophile's peroxide anion and two N-methylbenzohydroxamate anions correlate strongly with the Koopmans' theorem ionization potentials of the leaving groups. This correlation supports the Shaik and Pross valence bond configuration mixing theory for the SN2 reaction. The Koopmans' theorem ionization potentials of the alpha-nucleophiles relate to the slopes of the regression plots inversely, indicating that the size of the alpha-effect depends on a balance between the ability of the alpha-nucleophile and the leaving group to donate single electron character to the methyl group. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Neo-Weberian Approach to Studying Religion and Violence

research-article2014 MIL0010.1177/0305829814541506Millennium: Journal of International StudiesLynch MILLENNIUM Journal of International Studies Forum: Religion and violence A Neo-Weberian Approach to Studying Religion and Violence Millennium: Journal of International Studies 2014, Vol. 43(1) 273­–290 © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0305829814541506 mil.sagepub.com Cecelia Lynch University of California Irvine, USA Keywords religion, violence, secularism, Enlightenment, neo-Weberianism, common good, (popular) casuistry, mission, religious freedom The preoccupation with religion and violence in both scholarship and public debate is a vestige of Enlightenment thinking that took on new force after the end of the Cold War and again after 9/11/2001, as several of the contributors to the Millenium special issue on religion published in 2000 (prior to the events of 9/11/2001) demonstrated. 1 Contributors to that issue argued that, while there are certainly religious interpretations and practices that condone or even promote violence, the fixation with the idea that religion causes violence needs to be examined because it shapes the kinds of questions we ask about reli- gion as well as the answers we expect to receive. In this contribution, I argue that the neo-Weberian approach to religion provides a way to avoid problematic assumptions that a priori connect religion to violence, but still allows us to understand the bases of religion/ violence connections where they exist. 2 This is because neo-Weberianism first situates religious actors and practices in relevant social, economic, political, and historical con- texts, drawing from constructivist insights and the methodology of Max Weber’s Sociology of Religion. 3 But, while Weber emphasized the ethical problems confronted by religious groups in the process of rationalization, he focused primarily on interpretation through constructing ideal-types instead of looking at the process of negotiating ethical struggles 1. Millienium: Journal of International Studies 29, 3 (2000). 2. Cecelia Lynch, “A Neo-Weberian Approach to Religion in International Politics,” International Theory (IT) 1, 3, (2009): 381-408. 3. Max Weber, The Sociology of Religion (Boston: Beacon Press, 1963/91). Corresponding author: Cecelia Lynch, University of California Irvine, 3151 Social Science Plaza, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Email: lynch.cecelia@gmail.com Downloaded from mil.sagepub.com at UNIV CALIFORNIA IRVINE on August 13, 2015
Temperature dependence of the vibrational lineshape of CO chemisorbed on the Ni(111) surface

Abstract The lineshape of the carbon-oxygen stretching vibration for CO chemisorbed at the two-fold bridge sites and on top sites of Ni(111) has been measured over the temperature range 80 to 300 K with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The bridge bonded CO undergoes pronounced broadening at higher temperatures while the terminally bonded CO is only slightly broadened. The results are interpreted according to a recent vibrational dephasing model developed for condensed phase molecules. In this model the dephasing is brought about by rapid energy exchange between low frequency modes of the substrate and low frequency modes of the molecule which are anharmonically coupled to the high frequency band being studied.
Thermodynamic and Electrical Effects of Residual Carbon in Glass–Barium Titanate Composites for MLCC Applications

The thermodynamic and electrical effects of residual carbon in glass–barium titanate composites were investigated. Thermodynamic arguments are made suggesting that new phases form through carbothermal reactions between carbon and titanate-based dielectrics. Experimentally, it was shown that the reduced dielectric separated by insulating glass in the grain boundaries gave rise to a dielectric relaxation at room temperature consistent with the Maxwell–Wagner model. The conductivity of the dielectric was calculated based on the relaxation frequencies, allowing an estimate of the local oxygen activity due to the presence of carbon. This activity was consistent with the equilibrium oxygen activity for carbon oxidation at the processing temperature, and eight orders of magnitude different from the oxygen activity in the furnace atmosphere.
The aesthetic and the ethic dimensions of human factors and design

This article discusses the relationship between aesthetics, ethics, and the traditional research issues in human factors, and argues that it is important and beneficial both to the human society and to the human factors profession that we incorporate the aesthetic and the ethic dimensions explicitly and consciously in human factors research and practice. These two dimensions can help us put the current human factors research in a larger context. We can see more clearly the limitations of current research and the needs and challenges for research in new areas. The two dimensions also offer some new perspectives from which we can examine the current work systems and products, explain the demise of old work systems and products, and predict the possible emergence of new work systems and products.
Correcting density functional theory for accurate predictions of compound enthalpies of formation: Fitted elemental-phase reference energies

Despite the great success that theoretical approaches based on density functional theory have in describing properties of solid compounds, accurate predictions of the enthalpies of formation ($\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{f}$) of insulating and semiconducting solids still remain a challenge. This is mainly due to incomplete error cancellation when computing the total energy differences between the compound total energy and the total energies of its elemental constituents. In this paper we present an approach based on GGA $+$ $U$ calculations, including the spin-orbit coupling, which involves fitted elemental-phase reference energies (FERE) and which significantly improves the error cancellation resulting in accurate values for the compound enthalpies of formation. We use an extensive set of 252 binary compounds with measured $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{f}$ values (pnictides, chalcogenides, and halides) to obtain FERE energies and show that after the fitting, the 252 enthalpies of formation are reproduced with the mean absolute error $\text{MAE}=0.054$ eV/atom instead of $\text{MAE}\ensuremath{\approx}0.250$ eV/atom resulting from pure GGA calculations. When applied to a set of 55 ternary compounds that were not part of the fitting set the FERE method reproduces their enthalpies of formation with $\text{MAE}=0.048$ eV/atom. Furthermore, we find that contributions to the total energy differences coming from the spin-orbit coupling can be, to a good approximation, separated into purely atomic contributions which do not affect $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{f}$. The FERE method, hence, represents a simple and general approach, as it is computationally equivalent to the cost of pure GGA calculations and applies to virtually all insulating and semiconducting compounds, for predicting compound $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{f}$ values with chemical accuracy. We also show that by providing accurate $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{f}$ the FERE approach can be applied for accurate predictions of the compound thermodynamic stability or for predictions of Li-ion battery voltages.
Esophageal voice: An historical review

Summary An historical review of esophageal voice and the development and refinement of techniques to teach it is presented. Beginning with Raprand's first report of esophageal voice in 1828, this process, which began in Europe, is traced to the United States where responsibility for teaching now rests in the professional domain of speech-language pathologists.
An Anatomic Study on Whether the Patella is Centered in an Ideal Anteroposterior Radiograph of the Knee

Background Currently, an anteroposterior radiograph of the knee is judged based on a centered position of the patella between the femoral condyles. We are not aware of any anatomic literature supporting this recommendation.
Raman spectra of magnetic field induced cholesteric → nematic phase transition in doped p-octoxybenzoic acid

Abstract Raman spectroscopy is employed to investigate helical twist formation in nematic and smectic C phases of p - n -octoxybenzoic acid (OBA) doped with a small amount of Cholesteric Nonanoate (CN). A cholesteric→ nematic phase transition in OBA/CN is induced by an external magnetic field in the temperature range 135–148°C. The threshold field (H c ) is equal to 8.0 kGauss for 0.33 % by weight CN/OBA, and no hysteresis is observed.