cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION BETWEEN CHOOSING AND WORKING PREVOCATIONAL TASKS IN TWO SEVERELY RETARDED YOUNG ADULTS

This study investigated the relation between prevocational preference, as measured by the client's selection of a task object, and the work that followed that choice. After selecting a task object, the clients worked a task previously assessed to be more or less preferred than the one indicated by the object. The results indicated that when the selection represented a task that was less preferred than the one actually worked, choices for that object increased on subsequent trials. Conversely, when the selection represented a task that was more preferred than the task subject actually worked, choices for the object decreased on subsequent trials. The work that followed object choices reinforced or punished subsequent selections. These findings indicated that the clients' object choices were valid indicators of their preference for working different tasks. They were also consistent with Premack's principle that one class of responses may reinforce or punish a different class of responses for the same individual.
Carbon nanotube electronics

We evaluate the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the basis for a new nanoelectronic technology. After briefly reviewing the electronic structure and transport properties of CNTs, we discuss the fabrication of CNT field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) formed from individual single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs), SWCNT bundles, or multiwalled (MW) CNTs. The performance characteristics of the CNTFETs are discussed and compared to those of corresponding silicon devices. We show that CNTFETs are very competitive with state-of-the-art conventional devices. We also discuss the switching mechanism of CNTFETs and show that it involves the modulation by the gate field of Schottky barriers at the metal-CNT junctions. This switching mechanism can account for the observed subthreshold and vertical scaling behavior of CNTFETs, as well as their sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen. The potential for integration of CNT devices is demonstrated by fabricating a logic gate along a single nanotube molecule. Finally, we discuss our efforts to grow CNTs locally and selectively, and a method is presented for growing oriented SWCNTs without the involvement of a metal catalyst.
Cytoskeleton-associated proteins: their role as cellular integrators in the neoplastic process.

The cytoskeleton (CSK) appears to have a role in determining cell shape, cell motility, anchorage-dependentgrowth, distribution of cell surface proteins, and the localization of organelles such as mitochondria and polyribosomes. Many of the proteins that compose the major CSK filaments have been characterized. Among these proteins are actin in microfilaments, tubulin in microtubules, and the heterogeneous group of intermediate filament proteins that are associated with different cell types (keratin in epithelial cells, vimentin in fibroblasts, desmin in muscle cells, glial filament protein in glial cells, and the neurofilament protein subunits in neural tissue). Recently, many other proteins have been described to be components of the cytoskeleton. The expression of these different CSK proteins in tumor cells reflects their morphologic and functional differentiation. The pattern and organization of CSK components in tumor cells seem to correlate with cell adhesion, spreading and locomotion in vitro, and possibly tumor invasiveness and metastatic capacity in vivo. Further characterization of CSK composition and architecture may provide important information about the lineage characteristics and biologic behavior of tumor cells.
Transformation for class immutability

It is common for object-oriented programs to have both mutable and immutable classes. Immutable classes simplify programing because the programmer does not have to reason about side-effects. Sometimes programmers write immutable classes from scratch, other times they transform mutable into immutable classes. To transform a mutable class, programmers must find all methods that mutate its transitive state and all objects that can enter or escape the state of the class. The analyses are non-trivial and the rewriting is tedious. Fortunately, this can be automated. We present an algorithm and a tool, Immutator, that enables the programmer to safely transform a mutable class into an immutable class. Two case studies and one controlled experiment show that Immutator is useful. It (i) reduces the burden of making classes immutable, (ii) is fast enough to be used interactively, and (iii) is much safer than manual transformations.
Collection management for off-campus library services

Abstract Off-campus library services present some unique situations that may completely alter the normal perspective of collection management, including collection development, acquisitions, cataloging, processing, and most importantly, information access. The University of Wyoming currently places extension classes and external degree programs among its top six priorities. How the University of Wyoming Libraries have met the challenge of providing library services to off-campus students and faculty in support of those programs is described.
Do the defects make it work? Defect engineering in pi-conjugated polymers and their solar cells

The charged defect density in common π-conjugated polymers such as poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, is around 1018 cm−3. Despite, or perhaps because of, this huge defect density, bulk heterojunction solar cells made from these polymers and a C60 derviative such as PCBM exhibit some of the highest efficiencies (∼5%) yet obtained in solid state organic photovoltaic cells. We discuss defects in molecular organic semiconductors and in π-conjugated polymers. These defects can be grouped in two categories, covalent and noncovalent. Somewhat analogous to treating amorphous silicon with hydrogen, we introduce chemical methods to modify the density and charge of the covalent defects in P3HT by treating it with electrophiles such as dimethyl sulfate and nucleophiles such as sodium methoxide. The effects of these treatments on the electrical and photovoltaic properties and stability of organic PV cells is discussed in terms of the change in the number and chemical properties of the defects. Finally, we address the question of whether the efficiency of OPV cells requires the presence of these defects which function as adventitious p-type dopants. Their presence relieves the resistance limitations usually encountered in cleaner organic semiconductors and can create built-in electric fields at junctions. These considerations lead toward the design of a new generation of OPV materials that replaces the covalent defects with purposely added dopants.
Colony genetic structure and queen mating frequency in fire ants of the subgenus Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Colony genetic structure was studied in natural populations of three fire ant taxa, Solenopsis richteri Forel, S. geminata (Fabr.), and hybrid S. invicta/richteri, using allozyme markers. All colonies studied exhibited arrays of female genotypes predicted under a model of monogyny (single functional queen) and monoandry (single insemination of queens). Males produced in the colonies appear to originate exclusively from the foundress queen, rather than from any virgin females present in the colonies. Thus these social insect colonies represent simple, albeit enormous, family groups. Single insemination and foundress parentage of males appear to be conserved reproductive traits in the subgenus Solenopsis, whereas another major determinant of colony genetic structure, the number of functional queens, is evolutionarily labile in this group.
Monotonic static CMOS tradeoffs in sub-100nm technologies

This paper reviews the use of monotonic static CMOS logic gates in scaled technologies where gate leakage currents become significant. High-level tradeoffs are discussed, and some experiments are constructed to evaluate the gate-level performance tradeoffs in a hypothetical standard 65nm CMOS technology. At the gate level, significant improvements in static power consumption are possible without reduction in evaluation delays, but the tradeoffs vary as the conditions and the amount of skewing are changed. Noise tolerance is shown to fall as skewing is increased. The tradeoffs are studied both at the gate level and in a mixed static/monotonic static CMOS design.
Examining Positive and Negative Perceptions of Older Workers: A Meta-Analysis

Objective. This article presents an updated meta-analysis of field and laboratory studies that examine the influence of age on a number of evaluative workplace outcomes (advancement, selection, general evaluations, interpersonal skills, and reliability). Method. A random effects meta-analytic procedure was used. Results. In line with the perspective that perceptions of older workers are multidimensional, the observed meta-analytic correlations indicate that age has medium-sized negative effects on majority of the outcomes investigated (radvancement = −.21, rselection = −.30, rgeneral evaluations = −.24, and rinterpersonal skills = −.23, and a medium-sized positive effect on perceptions of reliability (rreliability = .31). Additionally, evidence of moderation by study design for the selection outcome is presented, such that within-subjects designs elicit stronger effects of age than between-subjects designs. Discussion. The present study demonstrates that it is likely that older workers are not viewed entirely negatively or entirely positively in the workplace; rather, the perceptions of older workers are more are varied, and even positive in some cases.
Psychological Consequences Associated With Positive and Negative Responses to Disclosure of Sexual Assault Among College Women A Prospective Study

A prospective design was utilized to explore the impact of social reactions to sexual assault disclosure among college women who experienced sexual victimization over a 4-month academic quarter. Women completed baseline, 4- and 7-month assessments of symptomatology, beliefs about why sexual assault occurs, victimization, and social reactions to sexual assault disclosure. Accounting for symptomatology or beliefs reported prior to the assault, positive social reactions were not associated with victims' subsequent symptomatology or beliefs. However, accounting for symptomatology or beliefs reported prior to the assault, higher negative social reactions were associated with victims' post-assault reports of hostility, fear, and beliefs about why sexual assault occurs.
Use of the scattering matrix for device simulations

The use of the quantum mechanical scattering matrix is a time proven method for determining the transport probability for an electron wave in a nanostructure. When coupled with the Landauer formalism, it provides a valuable approach for simulation of semiconductor devices. Here, we discuss a numerically stable method to solve this transmission problem in a recursive manner. It is easily extended to dissipative and far from equilibrium situations. We also discuss the use of scattering matrices in photo excitation of nanostructures.
Optimal allocation of heterogeneous smart grid traffic to heterogeneous networks

A key element to realizing the smart energy grid of the future is the deployment of an efficient and reliable information network. An intelligent combination of wired networks (the Internet), wireless networks and power line communication networks can be used to deliver control and application messages generated by the smart grid. Integration of these three network types is non-trivial due to the distinct differences in deliverable quality of service and financial cost. Traffic assignment across these distinct networks poses a novel research problem which must be solved to realize the smart grid. Herein, an algorithm which dynamically allocates traffic with different Quality of Service requirements in terms of throughput, delay and failure probability to information networks with different performance characteristics is proposed. A detailed queueing model for the system is defined which accounts for input queues buffering smart grid packets and external applications injecting traffic into the buffers of the networks. A Lyapunov optimization based- algorithm selects the packet allocation strategy based on input/output queue states and guarantees the required QoS to the input queues while minimizing financial cost.
First Record of the Dirt-Colored Seed Bug, Sisamnes claviger (Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini) in Illinois

The heteropteran fauna of Illinois is diverse and well-surveyed, comprising approximately 680 species distributed among 40 of the 57 families represented in the Nearctic region (Henry and Froeschner, 1988; Swanson, unpublished). This diversity arises, in part, from the state’s latitudinal extent, as well as from the varied habitats present in the state, ranging from dune land bordering Lake Michigan in the northeast to large tracts of old growth forest in the Shawnee National Forest and bald cypress/tupelo swamps in the south. Also present is a generous array of riparian, lentic and lotic zones, seep springs, cave systems, and various discrete tall grass, sand, hill, and floodplain prairie ecosystems (White and Madany, 1978; Schwegman, 1987; Taylor et al., 2009). Consequently, the early development of natural history programs catalyzed the accumulation of knowledge regarding the region’s biota (Post, 1991). Despite Illinois’ strong history of biotic surveys extending back into the first half of the 19th century, new records of native species are still being discovered within its borders (e.g., Tin erella et al., 2009; McPherson et al., 2011). In the fall of 2012, as part of a larger insect bioinventory, two of the authors (ADY and SJT) collected a specimen of a minute, rarely encountered lygaeoid in a pitfall trap laid in the Braidwood Dunes and Savanna Nature Preserve (Will County, northeastern Illinois). Discovered in the lot of Braidwood heteropteran samples sent to DRS, the specimen (Fig. 1), a single adult male, was identified as Sisamnes claviger (Uhler, 1895), a species previously unknown from Illinois. This individual, preserved in ethanol, has been deposited in the Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois (INHS), and bears the following label data: ILLINOIS: Will Co., Braidwood Dunes & Savanna Nature Preserve, 1.5 km SE of Braidwood on IL 113, 41.25290N -88.19970W, Site 189 (mesic sand prairie), Pitfall trap: B, 18 August 2011–2 September 2011, Sample Number: 5010, Lot Number: BRD 32204, Collectors: A. D. Yanahan, S. J. Taylor, det. D. R. Swanson 2013, INHS Insect Collection 780,190. Details of the collecting event, including a discussion of the habitat, are treated later in the text. Volume 124, Number 5, April 2015 357
The Vibrio Pathogenicity Island of Epidemic Vibrio cholerae Forms Precise Extrachromosomal Circular Excision Products

ABSTRACT The Vibrio pathogenicity island (VPI) in epidemic Vibrio cholerae is an essential virulence gene cluster. Like many pathogenicity islands, the VPI has at its termini a phage-like integrase gene (int), a transposase-like gene (vpiT), and phage-like attachment (att) sites, and is inserted at a tRNA-like locus (ssrA). We report that the VPI precisely excises from the chromosome and that its left and right ends join to form an extrachromosomal circular excision product (pVPI). Two-stage nested PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the int-att-vpiT junction and that the core attP of pVPI is identical to the chromosomal VPI attR site. Excision was independent of toxR and toxT. Excision was independent of recA, suggesting that it is mediated by site-specific recombination. Interestingly, while excision was detected in int and vpiT mutants, excision was abolished in a double (int vpiT) mutant and was restored by plasmids containing genes for either recombinase. Excision results in deletion of A361 in the ssrA locus, which flanks the right junction of the VPI. Since A361 encodes U70 in the critical G · U base pair in the acceptor stem of the ssrA RNA that is the determinant for aminoacylation with alanine, this deletion might have deleterious effects on ssrA function. Also, vpiT may have undergone interchromosomal translocation or may represent an independent integration event, as it was found downstream of hutA in some isolates. Our results provide new insight into the molecular biology of the VPI, and we propose that the process of excision and circularization is important in the emergence, pathogenesis, and persistence of epidemic V. cholerae.
KÖHLER'S DISEASE OF THE TARSAL SCAPHOID

This syndrome occurs predominantly in male children between the ages of two and one-half and seven and one-half years, and is manifested by pain, a limp, swelling, and localized tenderness in the foot. It is more frequently unilateral than bilateral and has a characteristic x-ray picture which is unrelated to duration of symptoms or to treatment. Complete regeneration of the involved bone takes place in an average of two and three-fourths years, and a normal foot is the usual end result. It is suggested by this study that the retarded development of the osseous nucleus of the scaphoid may alter its density, outline, and configuration, so as to simulate the picture of Kohler's disease.
Chemical and mechanical techniques enabling direct characterization of the CdS/CdTe heterojunction region in completed devices

The composition and structure of the CdS/CdTe heterojunction is critical to device performance. However, it is difficult to access this region in devices employing the conventional superstrate configuration. In this work, we report on the development of two techniques for exposing the CdS window layer in completed CdTe solar cells. First, we report on a chemical etch that selectively removes CdTe and exposes the CdS back surface. In addition, we demonstrate a thermo-mechanical lift-off technique that allows clean separation at the TCO/CdS interface. These techniques enable simple, quick sample preparation for characterization of the heterojunction region of completed devices.
Tumor microsatellite-instability status to predict benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer

4046 Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is an alternative pathway to colon cancer pathogenesis and may be categorized by the degree of MSI exhibited as MSI-high (MSI-H), MSI-low (MSI-L) o...
Pollen tube growth in styles of apple and almond flowers after spraying with pesticides

The timing of fungicide and antibiotic applications in fruit crops often overlaps flowering and pollination. Numerous studies report detrimental effects of chemical applications on pollination, fru...
Predictors of attendance in a group-based model of case management for supported housing.

OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency and predictors of group attendance in a new group-intensive peer support (GIPS) model of case management for the Veterans Affairs supported housing program. METHODS Administrative data and group attendance records from 1 GIPS program were analyzed using bivariate and regression analyses. RESULTS Of 295 clients, 42% attended at least 1 group and attended an average of 3 groups per month. There were no significant differences in any demographic, psychosocial, or clinical characteristics at baseline between group attenders and nongroup attenders. However, among group attenders, those who entered the program with more days homeless in the past month and more mental health symptoms attended groups more frequently. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE These results provide support for group-based models of care in supported housing and suggest those with more extensive housing and mental health problems may be more receptive to attending groups.
Autoradiographic Studies of the Action of Leucogenenol on Leukocytes in the Bone Marrow, Spleen, and Peripheral Blood of the Rat

Rice [1] has reported the isolation from the metabolic products of Penicillium gilmanii of a compound, leucogenenol, that induces a leukocytosis when as little as 0.001 jig/kg is injected intravenously into rabbits. Rice and Shaikh [2] found that leucogenenol is present in normal human and bovine liver. There is no febrile response to the injection of leucogenenol [3], and it is not toxic when as much as 500 [xg/g is injected into mice or 200 [xg/kg into dogs or monkeys [4]. One effect of the injection of leucogenenol into animals is that it is followed by an increase in the number of myeloblasts in the bone marrow and lymphoblasts in the spleen [4, 5]. Leucogenenol increases the respiratory quotient and the rate of replication of human lymphoblastoid and mouse leukemic cells when it is added to a culture in which these cells
Population Trends and Comparison of Sampling Methods for Diuraphis noxia and Other Cereal Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Northern Idaho

Weekly sampling of Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) infesting wheat and barley at four sites in northern Idaho was conducted during the growing seasons from 1989 to 1992. Infestations were higher in the spring-planted than in the fall-planted cereals. Populations of D. noxia began increasing during inflorescence emergence, Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 50, and reached peak numbers during dough development and caryopsis ripening, ZGS 80-90. D. noxia infestations were highest during 1990 and lowest during 1992. Three survey methods were compared. These included collection of 100 seedlings or tillers per sample for Berlese extraction, an in-field examination of 500 tillers per sample, and an area wide suction trap sample. Results of the comparisons revealed higher mean numbers of D. noxia per tiller from the Berlese method than from the field count method. Comparison of field results with the suction trap collections revealed a definite temporal relationship, suggesting that suction trap counts reflect emigration following local field build up of cereal aphids infesting grain in northern Idaho rather than long distance immigration. Data collected over time from suction trap catches may be useful in predicting future field infestation rates, but will not eliminate the need for field surveys.
The association between blood glucose levels and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 in early severe sepsis and septic shock

Hyperglycemia is a frequent and important metabolic derangement that accompanies severe sepsis and septic shock. Matrix-Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been shown to be elevated in acute stress hyperglycemia, chronic hyperglycemia, and in patient with sepsis. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and pathogenic link between MMP-9 and blood glucose (BG) levels in patients with early severe sepsis and septic shock. We prospectively examined 230 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock immediately upon hospital presentation and before any treatment including insulin administration. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained along with blood samples for the purpose of this study. Univariate tests for mean and median distribution using Spearman correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Patients were grouped based on their presenting BG level (mg/dL): BG 201 (n = 84). Rising MMP-9 levels were significantly associated with rising BG levels (p = 0.043). A corresponding increase in the prevalence of diabetes for each glucose grouping from 6.3 to 54.1 % (p = 0.0001) was also found. As MMP-9 levels increased a significantly (p < 0.001) decreases in IL-8 (pg/mL) and ICAM-1 (ng/mL) were noted. This is the first study in humans demonstrating a significant and early association between MMP-9 and BG levels in in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Neutrophil affecting biomarkers such as IL-8 and ICAM-1 are noted to decrease as MMP-9 levels increase. Clinical risk stratification using MMP-9 levels could potentially help determine which patients would benefit from intensive versus conventional insulin therapy. In addition, antagonizing the up-regulation of MMP-9 could serve as a potential treatment option in severe sepsis or septic shock patients.
Lacunarity analysis of Li DAR point clouds for tree crowns

The spatial distribution of the crown structure has important significance in forestry. Although fractal dimensions is a typical method for analyzing the spatial distribution,it has some defects. In this paper,a method for calculating lacunarity with simulated and real point clouds data for tree crowns is proposed. This method was developed using 3D convex hulls and 3D gliding-box algorithm. Lacunarity differences from different crowns were analyzed in detail. The application of the extension was also demonstrated using ground-based light detection and ranging( Li DAR) points for four tree crowns in the field. The results show that the differences between tree crowns can be revealed by lacunarity,and that lacunarity can be a potential measure for the classification of three-dimensional crown shapes using Li DAR point clouds.
The Valley Bottom Extraction Tool (V-BET)

The shape, size and extent of a valley bottom dictates the form and function of the associated river or stream. Consequently, accurate, watershed-wide delineation of valley bottoms is increasingly recognized as a necessary component of watershed management. While many valley bottom delineation approaches exist, methods that can be effectively applied across entire drainage networks to produce reasonably accurate results are lacking. Most existing tools are designed to work using high resolution topography data (i.e. > 2m resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM)) and can only be applied over relatively short reach lengths due to computational or data availability limitations. When these precise mapping approaches are applied throughout drainage networks (i.e. 102-104km), the computational techniques often either do not scale, or the algorithms perform inconsistently. Other tools that produce outputs at broader scale extents generally utilize coarser input topographic data to produce more poorly resolved valley bottom approximations. To fill this methodology gap and produce relatively accurate valley bottoms over large areas, we developed an algorithm that accepts terrain data from one to 10m with slope and valley width parameters that scale based on drainage area, allowing for watershed-scale valley bottom delineation. We packaged this algorithm in the Valley Bottom Extraction Tool (V-BET) as an open-source ArcGIS toolbox for ease of use. To illustrate V-BET's scalability and test the tool's robustness across different physiographic settings, we delineated valley bottoms for the entire perennial drainage network of Utah as well as twelve watersheds across the interior Columbia River Basin (totaling 55,400km) using 10m DEMs. We found that even when driven with relatively coarse data (10m DEMs), V-BET produced a relatively accurate approximation of valley bottoms across the entire watersheds of these diverse physiographic regions. Display Omitted Valley bottom delineation is crucial to riverine ecosystem management.Existing delineation tools require LiDAR data to produce reach scale outputs.We developed V-BET to accept 10m data to produce watershed scale outputs.We demonstrate its utility by delineating valley bottoms over large, diverse regions.
A Chlorine Gas-Free Synthesis of Dichloroglyoxime

A new procedure for the synthesis and isolation of dichloroglyoxime is discussed. This material has historically been synthesized from glyoxime and elemental chlorine gas. Chlorine gas is difficult to handle and control in the laboratory and has a high toxicity profile. Our method for making dichloroglyoxime in high purity uses glyoxime and N-chlorosuccinimide in DMF, with a lithium chloride-based workup. Overall yields are comparable with those obtained using the procedure involving the use of chlorine gas.
Managing Brand Hate

This chapter proposes ideas on how to detect brand hate, engage in brand hate speech, and negotiate with brand haters and anti-branders in order to find solutions for market peace. Brand hate management process is discussed in three distinct steps: (1) Listen; (2) Engage; and (3) Negotiation. A specific decision algorithm when dealing with brand haters taking in account of the origin of hate (either company-related or consumer-related brand hate). Tone and timing of company engagement with brand haters as well as select channel of engagement are all discussed with cases in detail. Monetary and non-monetary compensation technics as negotiation practices with brand haters are discussed. Thus, this final chapter introduces some solution ideas on how to build better and healthier functioning market communications and to reset the relationships with brand haters for the benefits of all.
Recombinant porcine factor VIII for high-risk surgery in paediatric congenital haemophilia A with high-titre inhibitor.

Introduction High-titre factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors complicate peri-operative haemostasis. Recombinant porcine FVIII (r-pFVIII) may provide an alternative haemostatic agent for high-risk procedures and allow FVIII activity monitoring. Aim Devise an effective haemostatic plan for repair of a progressively symptomatic aortic coarctation in a 5-year-old male with immune tolerance induction (ITI) refractory high-titre FVIII inhibitors. Methods Preprocedure human FVIII inhibitor titre was 58 Bethesda Units mL−1 (BU) and cross-reacted to neutralize porcine FVIII at 30 BU. Daily ITI with plasma-derived FVIII concentrate was supplemented with anti-B-cell and anti-plasma cell immunotherapy to reduce FVIII inhibitor titres. Potential haemostatic agents were evaluated in comparative ex vivo thrombin generation assays (TGA). Results Four weeks after immunosuppression, human and porcine inhibitor titres declined to 16 and 2 BU respectively. TGA with r-pFVIII was less robust than with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC); however, r-pFVIII was selected for cardiac surgery to secure the ability to assay FVIII levels throughout this high-bleeding risk procedure. Haemostasis with r-pFVIII was excellent; initial trough FVIII activity levels ranged from 0.81–1.17 IU mL−1. On postoperative day 3, peak and trough levels markedly declined suggesting a rising porcine inhibitor titre. Postprocedure prophylaxis was transitioned to aPCC, informed by TGA. Conclusions R-pFVIII provided effective peri-procedural haemostasis with no adverse events. Rapid neutralization of r-pFVIII after the first 60 hours, despite intensive immune suppression, accentuates the importance of careful monitoring. Use of TGA can support bypassing agent selection for convalescence. The comparative cost of r-pFVIII may limit its use to high morbidity clinical scenarios.
A unified approach to predicting long term performance of asphalt-aggregate mixtures

Publisher Summary Asphalt concrete is a visco-elastic particulate composite that consists of aggregate particles and asphalt cement matrix. When the asphalt-aggregate composite is subjected to repeated traffic loading at lower temperatures, distributed microstructural damage occurs primarily in the form of microcrack nucleation and growth due to the embrittled binder and high stress concentrations along the aggregate binder interfaces. Therefore, for this type of damage, the role of the binder and the variables that influence the properties of the binder (for example, aging, adhesion, etc.) become important. At higher temperatures, the asphalt binder becomes too soft to carry the load and therefore the principal type of damage that occurs is permanent deformation due to volume change (that is, densification) and rearrangement of aggregate particles. Therefore, a reliable performance prediction model should account for the effects of various constitutive factors that affect the aggregate-binder and aggregate-aggregate interactions.
Disease Transmission Dynamics on Networks: Network Structure Versus Disease Dynamics

Abstract The first part of this chapter covers compartment-based models that are constructed under the uniform mixing assumption. The role of the basic reproductive ratio in these models is illustrated both by theoretical results and simulations with IONTW (Infections On NeTWorks), a teaching tool that was developed by the authors and uses the NetLogo language. The second part introduces students to network-based models of disease transmission. In these models it is assumed that the infection can be transmitted only during a direct contact between two hosts who are adjacent in the underlying contact network. Models of this kind allow for incorporation of more realistic details than do compartment-based models that assume uniform mixing. Students are guided through sequences of conceptual and simulation exercises to discover how the network structure influences the predictions of the model, including predictions about the effectiveness of possible control measures.
Who Pays? Fines, Fees, Bail, and the Cost of Courts

In the last decades, growing numbers of people have sought to use courts, government budgets have declined, new technologies have emerged, arrest and detention rates have risen, and arguments have been leveled that private resolutions are preferable to public adjudication. Lawsuits challenge the legality of fee structures, money bail, and the imposition of fines. States have chartered task forces to propose changes, and new research has identified the effects of the current system on low-income communities and on people of color. The costs imposed through fees, surcharges, fines, and bail affect the ability of plaintiffs and defendants to seek justice and to be treated justly. This volume, prepared for the 21st Annual Arthur Liman Center Colloquium, explores the mechanisms for financing court systems and the economic challenges faced by judiciaries and by litigants. We address how constitutional democracies can meet their obligations to make justice accessible to disputants and to make fair treatment visible to the public. Our goals are to understand the dimensions of the problems, the inter-relationships among civil, criminal, and administrative processes, and the opportunities for generating the political will to bring about reform.
Statistical issues in Pitting Corrosion of Carbon Steel

A review is given of the state of understanding of the statistical distributions of pit depths and pit populations in carbon steel, with special reference to underground carbon steel structures, which appear to bear significant similarities to the alloys and conditions expected in basalt and salt high level waste repositories. The data base on pit depth distributions is reviewed and the various phenomenological equations which have been used to rationalize laboratory and field observations are discussed and classified in terms of the statis- tical models underlying them. The present state of understanding of the physical phenomena underlying these distributions is reviewed, and sugges- tions for appropriate future research are presented.
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome-related Malignancies Involving the Genitourinary Tract: Review of a Single-institution Experience.

Abstract Objective To report a case of pelvic angiosarcoma in a 27-year-old man with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) and evaluate the presentation and timeline of genitourinary (GU) tract involvement in LFS patients. Methods We retrospectively identified 39 LFS patients treated at our institution between 2000 and 2014; 7 (18%) had experienced a GU malignancy or an LFS-related malignancy involving the GU tract. Clinical characteristics, including dates of onset of first GU tract malignancies; pathologic findings; multimodal management; and familial history of LFS were reviewed. Results Median age at first malignancy was 14.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5.5-24.0). There was a slight male predominance (4 of 7). Median time between first malignancy and the malignancy involving the GU tract was 10.1 years (IQR 8.0-19.5). Six of the 7 patients (86%) had a form of sarcoma involving the GU tract; 1 developed adrenocortical carcinoma. The cancer pedigree of all patients showed LFS-associated malignancies in family members. Multimodal management included surgical resection in 6 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy in 1 patient each. One patient received chemotherapy only. Following diagnosis of malignancy involving the GU tract, 5 of the 7 patients developed additional primary malignancies. At a median follow-up of 4.7 years (IQR 3.0-12.1), 2 patients are alive, 3 died of disease, and 1 died of unknown cause. One patient was lost at follow-up. Conclusion Continued follow-up of LFS cancer patients aimed at the determination of optimal screening, management, and surveillance protocols is recommended and may result in longer survival expectations.
Long Exact Sequences

The homology groups of a space X are defined in two stages: (1) construction of the singular complex (S*(X), ∂) and (2) formation of the groups H n (X) = ker ∂ n /im ∂n+1. The first stage involves the topology of X in an essential way, for one needs to know the n-simplexes in X; the second stage is purely algebraic. Let us now acquaint ourselves with the algebraic half of the definition in order to establish the existence of certain long exact sequences; these are very useful for calculation because they display connections between the homology of a space and the homology of its subspaces.
Prospects for broadband spectrum Raman optical refrigeration

Described are the prospects for broadband optical refrigeration based on Raman scattering of incoherent light. Laser pumped rare earth fluorescence has been demonstrated and commercial applications are sure to follow. Broadband refrigeration requires strong Raman scattering and large Raman shift. Also required are spectral management and photonic patterning to offset the unfavorable anti-Stoke’s to Stoke’s shift ratio. Materials such as diamond, silicon, and a number of molecular systems are ideal and have low absorption. Optics splits the broadband spectrum into light and dark bands with width corresponding to the Raman shift. Broadband spectrums where photon flux decreases with increasing photon energy are ideal. By tailoring the incoming spectrum, by utilizing extremely transparent strong Raman shift materials and by photonic inhibition of Stoke’s shifted light the prospect become feasible. The Raman optical cross- section increases with decreasing particle size (until the particle become too small to support the Raman-phonons). Where conservation of phonon states in these truncated Brillioun-zone particles requires an increased density (number/cm 3 ) of the allowed-states to compensate for states lost to particle size. Nonetheless, the anti-Stokes to Stokes ratio is approximately one-to-two at laboratory temperature. Thin film deposited diamond is an excellent candidate for refrigeration applications due to its high transparency small grain size and its large Raman magnitude and large shift. Simple one-dimensional photonic structures selectively inhibit the Stoke’s shifted light making refrigeration possible.
Childhood Abuse, Body Shame, and Addictive Plastic Surgery: The Face of Trauma

Childhood Abuse, Body Shame, and Addictive Plastic Surgery explores the psychopathology that plastic surgeons can encounter when seemingly excellent surgical candidates develop body dysmorphic disorder postoperatively. By examining how developmental abuse and neglect influence body image, personality, addictions, resilience, and adult health, this highly readable book uncovers the childhood sources of body dysmorphic disorder. Written from the unique perspective of a leading plastic surgeon with extensive experience in this area and featuring many poignant clinical vignettes and groundbreaking trauma research, this heavily referenced text offers a new explanation for body dysmorphic disorder that provides help for therapists and surgeons and hope for patients.
Linear Dynamics and Control of Brain Networks

The brain is an intricately structured organ responsible for the rich emergent dynamics that support the complex cognitive functions we enjoy as humans. With around 1011 neurons and 1015 synapses, understanding how the human brain works has proven to be a daunting endeavor, requiring concerted collaboration across traditional disciplinary boundaries. In some cases, that collaboration has occurred between experimentalists and technicians, who offer new physical tools to measure and manipulate neural function. In other contexts, that collaboration has occurred between experimentalists and theorists, who offer new conceptual tools to explain existing data and inform new directions for empirical research. In this chapter, we offer an example of the latter. Specifically, we focus on the simple but powerful framework of linear systems theory as a useful tool both for capturing biophysically relevant parameters of neural activity and connectivity and for analytical and numerical study. We begin with a brief overview of state-space representations and linearization of neural models for non-linear dynamical systems. We then derive core concepts in the theory of linear systems such as the impulse and controlled responses to external stimuli, achieving desired state transitions, controllability, and minimum energy control. Afterward, we discuss recent advances in the application of linear systems theory to structural and functional brain data across multiple spatial and temporal scales, along with methodological considerations and limitations. We close with a brief discussion of open frontiers and our vision for the future.
Der Beginn des Weltalls: Urknall und kosmische Inflation

Ende der 70er Jahre schlos ich mich einem kleinen Gruppchen von Teilchenphysikern an, die damit begannen, sich mit der Fruhphase des Weltalls zu beschaftigen. Unser Interesse war zum Teil durch die der Kosmologie eigenen Faszination geweckt worden, aber auch durch neue Entwicklungen in der Elementarteilchenphysik selbst.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Interventions for BPH/LUTS

A plethora of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions, primarily dietary supplements, have been utilized in some preliminary clinical trials that have demonstrated an ability to reduce the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS). However, the one supplement that arguably had the most positive data in the history of urology was saw palmetto, but compared to placebo in two separate definitive North American clinical trials dosages of 320–960 mg over 18 months, it proved to work no better than placebo, which somewhat contradicts the positive findings that occurred in several European trials of a standardized trademarked saw palmetto extract known as Permixon (Pierre Fabre, Castres, France) and other products. Currently, two dietary supplements have consistent older (no recent supportive trials) positive meta-analysis data compared to placebo—beta-sitosterol and pygeum (endangered herbal list in some geographic areas). Several supplements have preliminary positive clinical data; these include cernilton, pumpkin seed oil, and, to a lesser extent, stinging nettle. Some supplements have no efficacy or may even be harmful and encourage the growth of BPH, including high-dose (80 mg or higher) zinc supplements, based on some clinical and observational data. BPH prescription medications are arguably more rapidly effective compared to any dietary supplement, but the benefit-to-risk ratio or side effect profile and, at times, cost arguably favor some supplements over prescription medications along with lifestyle changes for mild to moderate BPH, or some patients could theoretically use both a prescription and CAM agent without much concern over drug interactions. Heart-healthy lifestyle changes should be stressed to improve BPH/LUTS and overall health outcomes and to improve the efficacy of BPH medications. Any supplement recommended for BPH should be cost-effective/competitive and have a heart-healthy profile (also known as the first-do-no-harm approach).
Efficient hybridization fitting for dynamical mean-field theory via semi-definite relaxation

We introduce a nested optimization procedure using semidefinite relaxation for the fitting step in Hamiltonian-based cluster dynamical mean-field theory methodologies. We show that the proposed method is more efficient and flexible than state-of-the-art fitting schemes, which allows us to treat as large a number of bath sites as the impurity solver at hand allows. We characterize its robustness to initial conditions and symmetry constraints, thus providing conclusive evidence that in the presence of a large bath our semidefinite relaxation approach can find the correct set of bath parameters without needing to include a priori knowledge of the properties that are to be described. We believe this method will be of great use for Hamiltonian-based calculations, simplifying and improving one of the key steps in cluster dynamical mean-field theory calculations.
Phase I study of AR-42 and decitabine in acute myeloid leukemia.

This phase I trial sought to determine a biologically safe and effective dose of AR-42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, which would lead to a doubling of miR-29b prior to decitabine administ...
Infrared limiters, diodes, and tunable filters (Conference Presentation)

This talk will cover our past and ongoing work on light-sensitive and tunable optical devices for sensor protection and imaging in the mid-infrared spectral range. These devices use phase-transition materials, especially vanadium dioxide, as tunable and light-sensitive elements that can be integrated with micro/nanophotonic structures. I will present optical diodes that feature asymmetric transmission, limiters based on frequency-selective surfaces, and temperature-tunable spectral filters based on thin-film stacks.
Canagliflozin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration: Role of heme oxygenase-1

Recent cardiovascular outcome trials found that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully known. Since the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contributes to the development of arterial lesions, we hypothesized that SGLT2 inhibitors may exert their beneficial cardiovascular effects by inhibiting the growth and movement of vascular SMCs. Treatment of rat or human aortic SMCs with clinically relevant concentrations of canagliflozin, but not empagliflozin or dapagliflozin, inhibited cell proliferation and migration. The inhibition of SMC growth by canagliflozin occurred in the absence of cell death, and was associated with the arrest of SMCs in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and diminished DNA synthesis. Canagliflozin also resulted in the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and a rise in HO activity in vascular SMCs, whereas, empagliflozin or dapagliflozin had no effect on HO activity. Canagliflozin also activated the HO-1 promoter and this was abrogated by mutating the antioxidant responsive element or by overexpressing dominant-negative NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). The induction of HO-1 by canagliflozin relied on reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and was negated by antioxidants. Finally, silencing HO-1 expression partially rescued the proliferative and migratory response of canagliflozin-treated SMCs, and this was reversed by carbon monoxide and bilirubin. In conclusion, the present study identifies canagliflozin as a novel inhibitor of vascular SMC proliferation and migration. Moreover, it demonstrates that canagliflozin stimulates the expression of HO-1 in vascular SMCs via the ROS-Nrf2 pathway, and that the induction of HO-1 contributes to the cellular actions of canagliflozin. The ability of canagliflozin to exert these pleiotropic effects may contribute to the favorable clinical actions of the drug and suggest an extra potential benefit of canagliflozin relative to other SGLT2 inhibitors.