cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A conjecture on the relationship of bacterial shape to motility in rod-shaped bacteria

We have calculated the optimal shape, i.e. the length-to-width ratio of a bacterial cell, that allows a bacterial cell to move most efficiently through liquid. For a cell of a given size, a minimum exists in the force required to move through any liquid when the length of the cell is approx. 3.7 times greater than the width. As this is in approximate agreement with the observed shape of bacteria such as the Enterobacteriaceae, we conjecture that the current observed shape of these bacteria may have been determined, in part, to obtain the most efficient shape for moving through liquids. It is also found that spherical cells are very inefficient in movement through liquid, while longer cells of a fixed size are still relatively efficient in moving through liquids. Since the optimal shape is independent of actual size (within large bounds), it is further proposed that hydrodynamic efficiency considerations support the proposal of constant shape over a range of sizes for rod-shaped bacteria.
Temporal patterns of resource limitation in natural populations of rotifers

The availability of resources may limit consumer populations, and temporal variation in resources may facilitate the coexistence of competitors. Accurate estimates of resource availability often cannot be obtained by counting potential food items, because of difficulties in determining resource quality. Instead, resource supplementation experiments must be conducted, but few experimental studies have examined the temporal patterns of resource limitation. To determine the occurrence, intensity, and temporal variation of resource limitation in natural populations of planktonic rotifers, experiments were conducted using two species of herbivorous rotifers from a eutrophic pond, Keratella cochlearis and Synchaeta sp. The difference in population growth rates in food-supplemented treatments relative to controls (Δr) was used as a measure of the intensity of food limitation. Rotifers were usually food limited, with Keratella and Synchaeta showing significant food limitation (Δr > 0) in 63% and 87% of the experiments, respectively. There was temporal variability in Δr on time scales of one to a few weeks, indicating rapid changes in resource availability. Synchaeta population dynamics were more closely controlled by resources than was the case for Keratella, and the intensity of food limitation was higher for Synchaeta than for Keratella, possibly due to the more specialized feeding habits of Synchaeta.
Sharp weighted Young's inequalities and Moser-Trudinger inequalities on Heisenberg type groups and Grushin spaces

We obtain sharp weighted Moser–Trudinger inequalities for first-layer symmetric functions on groups of Heisenberg type, and for \(x\)-symmetric functions on the Grushin plane. To this end, we establish weighted Young's inequalities in the form \({\left\| {K_{{*W}} L} \right\|}_{{r,W}} \leqslant {\left\| K \right\|}_{{p,W}} {\left\| L \right\|}_{{q,W}} ,\,1 + 1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 r}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} r = 1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 p}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} p + 1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 q}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} q\), for first-layer radial weights \(W\) on a general Carnot group \(\mathbb{G}\) and functions \(K,\,L:\mathbb{G} \to \mathbb{R}\) with \(L\) first-layer symmetric. The proofs use some sharp estimates for hypergeometric functions.
Digital Workflow for Virtually Designing and Milling Ceramic Lithium Disilicate Veneers: A Clinical Report

Clinical Relevance Digital impressions and virtual CAD/CAM design of ceramic veneers may facilitate the implementation of digital dentistry and virtual design as a viable option for all ceramic restorations.
Low Variance Adaptive Filter for Cancelling Motion Artifact in Wearable Photoplethysmogram Sensor Signals

The photoplethysmogram (PPG) is an extremely useful wearable sensing medical diagnostic tool. However, the PPG signal becomes highly corrupted and unusable when the sensor wearer is in motion. This paper investigates how confidently Widrow's Adaptive Noise Cancellation can eliminate motion artifact and recover a motion corrupted PPG signal for a wearer engaged in jogging motions. It has previously been shown that Widrow's Adaptive Noise Cancellation can recover a motion corrupted PPG signal for certain data sets by using a collocated accelerometer to measure the corrupting motion. However, wearer motion is band limited, and provides little information for estimating motion-to-PPG noise transfer dynamics. This means that, without proper care, recovery results can be unreliable. In the present work, both Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Laguerre series black box transfer dynamics models are evaluated for how confidently they can be identified. Model confidence is quantified in terms of variance of the transfer dynamics estimate at the motion frequencies. For typical jogging motion, it is found that standard deviation of the FIR model transfer dynamics is 30% of the mean value at the motion input frequency. The standard deviation of the Laguerre model transfer dynamics is only 1%. Time domain data shows how a Laguerre model outperforms a FIR model in accordance with the computed model variance.
Profiles of Three Preservice ESOL Teachers' Development of Instructional Scaffolding

This study explored English as a second language (ESOL) preservice teachers’ conceptions of and abilities to provide scaffolded instruction. In-depth study of three interns indicated that each was unique with respect to their views of scaffolding and in the degree to which their implementation of scaffolded instruction changed over the course of the year. Participants differed in the focus of scaffolding and in their attempts to scaffold within lesson frameworks, across sequential lessons, and through responsive instruction. Though some preservice teachers can develop complex conceptions of the process, scaffolding is closely linked to interns’ understanding of language and literacy development.
Morphology-dependent resonances associated with stimulated processes in microspheres

The density of morphology-dependent resonances (MDR’s) of microspheres is shown to be larger than the density that is observed in typical resonance spectra and is large enough to be consistent with observations [ S.-X. Qian R. K. Chang , Phys. Rev. Lett.56, 926 ( 1986)] of multiorder Stokes emission in the stimulated Raman scattering from CCl4 microspheres. Many of the MDR’s have computed linewidths far too narrow to be observed in elastic scattering spectra. Evidence that these very-narrow-linewidth MDR’s may provide significant optical feedback for stimulated processes in microspheres is discussed. The integrated area under resonances in the internal field coefficients does not decrease as the linewidth decreases.
Co-Researching School Spaces of Dispossession: A Story of Survival

Through combining the methodology of portraiture with the epistemological stance of youth participatory action research, this article positions Latino/a youth as experts with their encounters with the school-to-prison pipeline. This article examines what it’s like to live within the tight and probational spaces of criminal justice-based school discipline practices. Following the journey of a Black Dominican female high school student, the data from this New York City-based youth participatory action research project find three specific processes of dispossession through which Latin@ youth are profoundly affected by the school-to-prison pipeline: institutional abandonment as disinvestment in young people’s personhood, social isolation, and deprivation of agency and self- control.
A Cautionary Tale of Curriculum Development in Yup'ik Eskimo Communities.

This article is a cautionary tale of an ongoing, six-year-old curriculum development project in southwest Alaska between the University of Alaska, local area schools, and Yup'ik Eskimo communities. This article suggests an alternative model of schooling that conceives of the school as a community institution, accepts conflict between school and the larger dominant society, and acknowledges communities' efforts in devising their own political institutions. EDUCATION, CURRICULUM, NATIVE ALASKAN EDUCATION, ETHNOGRAPHY, MINORITY EDUCATION
The effect of slots on the buckling and postbuckling behavior of laminated plates

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lateral slots on the buckling response, the postbuckling response, and the failure characteristics of flat rectangular graphite-epoxy plates loaded in compression. The slots did not significantly affect the prebuckling and buckling behavior of the plates. The slots caused local changes in the strain distribution and out-of-plane deformations near the slot. Failure loads and modes were strongly affected by slot location. Centrally located slots did not affect the failure loads or failure modes of the plates. Slots located close to an unloaded edge of a plate reduced the postbuckling strength of the plate and affected the failure mode. For one slightly offset slot location, interaction of out-of-plane deformations with the slot tip was observed to affect the failure mode significantly without affecting the failure load.
Opening of Hybrid Bandgaps in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals of Pb(Mg $_{1/3}$ Nb $_{1/3}$ )O $_{3}$ –PbTiO $_{3}$ Having Very Low Refractive Index Contrast

The effect of anisotropy on two-dimensional photonic crystals of hexagonally arranged Pb(Mg1/3Nb1/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMNT) rods in air background was analyzed using a finite-difference time-domain method. The refractive index contrast between PMNT (n = 2.47) and air is low compared to conventional semiconductor-air photonic crystals. Yet, hybrid (polarization-independent) photonic bandgaps were achieved for anisotropic PMNT rods by adjusting the structural parameters and the anisotropy. The maximum bandwidth found was 20 nm. It was possible to engineer the center wavelength of this bandgap to 980, 1300, and 1550 nm, for potential applications as switches, electrooptic filters, and modulators in this region.
An analysis of a mesa instruction set using dynamic instruction frequencies

The Mesa architecture is implemented on a variety of processors, and dynamic instruction frequency data for two programs is used to analyze the architecture in an implementation independent fashion.The Mesa compiler allocates variables in an order based upon their static frequency of use, and measurements are provided that show that these static predictions predict run time usage as well. We provide an evaluation of the advantages and costs of Mesa's compact byte encoding, its reliance upon an evaluation stack, and its use of memory.The Mesa language has evolved over time in a hardware environment oriented around 16-bit quantities with growing use of and accommodations to 32-bit quantities. The cost of emulating 32-bit data paths on a 16-bit machine is identified for a program that heavily exploits longer values.Several potential areas for improving the execution speed of a Mesa processor with special purpose hardware are identified.
Turning the postal system into a generic digital communication mechanism

The phenomenon that rural residents and people with low incomes lag behind in Internet access is known as the "digital divide." This problem is particularly acute in developing countries, where most of the world's population lives. Bridging this digital divide, especially by attempting to increase the accessibility of broadband connectivity, can be challenging. The improvement of wide-area connectivity is constrained by factors such as how quickly we can dig ditches to bury fibers in the ground; and the cost of furnishing "last-mile" wiring can be prohibitively high.In this paper, we explore the use of digital storage media transported by the postal system as a general digital communication mechanism. While some companies have used the postal system to deliver software and movies, none of them has turned the postal system into a truly generic digital communication medium supporting a wide variety of applications. We call such a generic system a Postmanet. Compared to traditional wide-area connectivity options, the Postmanet has several important advantages, including wide global reach, great bandwidth potential and low cost.Manually preparing mobile storage devices for shipment may appear deceptively simple, but with many applications, communicating parties and messages, manual management becomes infeasible, and systems support at several levels becomes necessary. We explore the simultaneous exploitation of the Internet and the Postmanet, so we can combine their latency and bandwidth advantages to enable sophisticated bandwidth-intensive applications.
Cecum Is the Major Degradation Site of Ingested Inulin in Young Pigs

Two groups have reported .90% of inulin digestion occurs before the cecum in pigs and argued against pigs as a proper animal model for humans in this regard. Two experiments were conducted with weanling pigs to characterize the hydrolysis profile of inulin in their digestive tracts. In Expt. 1, 12 pigs (weighing 7.7 6 0.2 kg) were fed a low-iron (54 mg/kg) corn-soy basal diet (BD) or BD 1 4% inulin (Synergy 1, Orafti) for 6 wk. All pigs were killed at the end of the trial and digesta samples were collected from the stomach, upper and lower jejunum, cecum, and proximal, mid-, and distal colon. Inulin was detected in digesta from the first 3 segments (0.4‐5.5% dry matter) but not from the large intestine of pigs fed inulin. Fructose concentrations in digesta from the stomach and jejunum were greater (P , 0.05) in pigs fed inulin than in those fed BD. To further determine whether inulin was degraded in the ileum or cecum, we conducted Expt. 2 with 12 pigs (weighing 11.2 6 1.1 kg) for 8 wk as in Expt.1 except that digesta samples were collected from the ileum instead of upper jejunum. Likewise, inulin was detected only in digesta from stomach, jejunum, and ileum of pigs fed inulin. Although inulindegrading activity was detectable in digesta from the ileum, cecum, and proximal colon of both groups, the highest activity (P , 0.05) was found in the cecum digesta of pigs fed inulin. Digesta from the cecum and colon, but not from the ileum, was able to degrade added inulin in in vitro incubations. We conclude that supplemental dietary inulin in young pigs was mainly degraded in their cecum. J. Nutr. 137: 2399‐2404, 2007.
LQR Controller for Stabilization of Flapping Wing MAVs in Gust Environments

This study presents an approach to develop a controller for stabilization of a apping wing micro-air vehicle (MAV) operating in gusty environments. The rigid-wing MAV is modeled as a nonlinear periodic system and the periodic-shooting method is used to nd a trimmed periodic orbit. A linearized discrete-time representation of the system is created about this trimmed periodic orbit. This linearized representation is used for control synthesis based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory. The kinematic variables controlling the wing motion are used as control inputs. The controller is implemented on the nonlinear system model to stabilize the system in the presence of external disturbances, both longitudinal and lateral, modeled as discrete gusts in this study. The performance of the controller, in terms of the gust speed tolerance, is studied on the nonlinear system for various controller designs. The studies show that the LQR based controller is able to stabilize the system under both longitudinal and lateral gust disturbances, although the maximum gust speed tolerated by each controller is inuenced by a variety of parameters discussed in this paper. The numerical simulations show that the gust tolerance under the longitudinal gust is far superior to the lateral gust tolerance. The study also shows that lateral control of the MAV can be achieved using only the wing-stroke magnitude and wing-stroke oset as the control inputs for each wing.
Competitive Sets for Lodging Properties

This article illustrates the differences in the composition, characteristics, and performance evaluation of competitive sets of hotels determined using two methods—the common product type classification scheme and the less commonly used cluster analysis based on average daily rate (ADR) as the clustering variable. The analysis examined annual ADR, occupancy, and revenue per available room (RevPAR) for a group of hotels in a portion of a single U.S. metropolitan market. The comparison of the two methods shows the following: the average variability of ADR and RevPAR is less for the cluster-based competitors than it is for competitor groups determined using product type; most clusters contain a variety of product types (confirming that competition occurs across product types); most product types are categorized into different clusters; and the average RevPAR difference between the particular hotel and its reference competitive group is less for the ADR-cluster-based reference group than it is for the product...
Tumor Targeting Agents for Neutron Capture Therapy

The development of compounds for use as delivery agents in the treatment of cancer by neutron capture therapy has largely focused on the use of boron-10 even though there are other nuclides having higher capture cross section values for thermal neutrons. The major reasons are: (1) it is nonradioactive and comprises approximately 20% of naturally occurring boron; (2) boron-10 enriched materials are readily available commercially; (3) the products of the fission reaction are largely high LET recoiling 7Li and 4He (alpha) nuclei; (4) the pathlength of these particles is such that they are confined to a radius approximating the diameter of a single cell; and (5) the chemistry of boron is such that it may be incorporated into a multitude of different stable chemical structures.
Maternal Modifiers and Parent-of-Origin Bias of the Autism-Associated 16p11.2 CNV

Recurrent deletions and duplications at chromosomal region 16p11.2 are a major genetic contributor to autism but also associate with a wider range of pediatric diagnoses, including intellectual disability, coordination disorder, and language disorder. In order to investigate the potential genetic basis for phenotype variability, we assessed the parent of origin of the 16p11.2 copy-number variant (CNV) and the presence of additional CNVs in 126 families for which detailed phenotype data were available. Among de novo cases, we found a strong maternal bias for the origin of deletions (59/66, 89.4% of cases, p = 2.38 × 10−11), the strongest such effect so far observed for a CNV associated with a microdeletion syndrome. In contrast to de novo events, we observed no transmission bias for inherited 16p11.2 CNVs, consistent with a female meiotic hotspot of unequal crossover driving this maternal bias. We analyzed this 16p11.2 CNV cohort for the presence of secondary CNVs and found a significant maternal transmission bias for secondary deletions (32 maternal versus 14 paternal, p = 1.14 × 10−2). Of the secondary deletions that disrupted a gene, 82% were either maternally inherited or de novo (p = 4.3 × 10−3). Nine probands carry secondary CNVs that disrupt genes associated with autism and/or intellectual disability risk variants. Our findings demonstrate a strong bias toward maternal origin of 16p11.2 de novo deletions as well as a maternal transmission bias for secondary deletions that contribute to the clinical outcome on a background sensitized by the 16p11.2 CNV.
Mitochondrial metabolites extend lifespan

Disruption of mitochondrial respiration in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can extend lifespan. We previously showed that long-lived respiratory mutants generate elevated amounts of α-ketoacids. These compounds are structurally related to α-ketoglutarate, suggesting they may be biologically relevant. Here, we show that provision of several such metabolites to wild-type worms is sufficient to extend their life. At least one mode of action is through stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). We also find that an α-ketoglutarate mimetic, 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDA), is alone sufficient to increase the lifespan of wild-type worms and this effect is blocked by removal of HIF-1. HIF-1 is constitutively active in isp-1(qm150) Mit mutants, and accordingly, 2,4-PDA does not further increase their lifespan. Incubation of mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with life-prolonging α-ketoacids also results in HIF-1α stabilization. We propose that metabolites that build up following mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction form a novel mode of cell signaling that acts to regulate lifespan.
Evaluation of video magnification for nonintrusive heart rate measurement

Measurements of physiological signals have been used in many areas, including medical, sports, and automotive applications. Cardiac signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate variability (HRV) are particularly important, but conventional measurement techniques require wired devices and static subjects. These limitations preclude application of these devices from various dynamic scenarios. Recently, however, developments in computer vision have shown that some physiological variables related to the heart can be measured in a nonintrusive way. "Video magnification" (VidMag) is one such technique, and it has been used to measure blood volume pulse (BVP) from face video data in laboratory settings. This paper discusses the readiness of VidMag for psychophysiological assessment more generally. The approach is to assess beat-by-beat comparison of VidMag with BVP signals extracted from medical devices. In addition, a novel skin detection algorithm, which does not use color cues, has been proposed in this paper as a preprocessing step to support VidMag. The paper also presents a systematic post-processing strategy using Savitzky-Golay filtering to improve the accuracy of the raw output from the video magnification algorithm.
Use of Mobile Phones, Computers and Internet Among Clients of an Inner-City Community Psychiatric Clinic

Objective. Recent years have witnessed an expansion of Internet- and mobile-phone-based interventions for health promotion, yet few studies have focused on the use of technology by individuals with mental illness. This study examined the extent to which patients at an inner-city community psychiatry
Review of the ledrine genus Bascarrhinus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with description of a new species.

The ledrine genus Bascarrhinus Fowler, previously known only from female specimens, is reviewed. A new species, Bascarrhinus orthorhynchus , from a mist forest in Venezuela is described from two male specimens. Males of Bascarrhinus plathanon Kramer and Bascarrhinus plataleoides Jacobi are described for the first time. In addition, a cladistic hypothesis is presented for the four species in the genus using Platyhynna Berg as the outgroup.
Imaging Charge Separation and Carrier Recombination in Nanowire p-i-n Junctions Using Ultrafast Microscopy

Silicon nanowires incorporating p-type/n-type (p-n) junctions have been introduced as basic building blocks for future nanoscale electronic components. Controlling charge flow through these doped nanostructures is central to their function, yet our understanding of this process is inferred from measurements that average over entire structures or integrate over long times. Here, we have used femtosecond pump–probe microscopy to directly image the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers in silicon nanowires encoded with p-n junctions along the growth axis. Initially, motion is dictated by carrier–carrier interactions, resulting in diffusive spreading of the neutral electron–hole cloud. Charge separation occurs at longer times as the carrier distribution reaches the edges of the depletion region, leading to a persistent electron population in the n-type region. Time-resolved visualization of the carrier dynamics yields clear, direct information on fundamental drift, diffusion, and recombination processes ...
Performance Analysis of Biologically Inspired Honeycomb Structured Heat Exchanger

The process of heat exchange between two fluids that are at different temperatures and separated by a solid wall occurs in many engineering applications. The device used to implement this exchange is termed a heat exchanger (HE), and specific applications may be found in space heating and air-conditioning, power generation, waste heat recovery, and chemical processing. Increasing heat transfer coefficient and making heat exchanger compact for various applications like in spacecraft, underwater vehicle, unmanned Ariel vehicle is one of the main challenges. Biologically-inspired design (or BID) has become an important and increasingly wide-spread movement in design for environmentally-conscious sustainable development. By definition, BID is based on cross-domain analogies; further, biologically-inspired approaches to design have a certain degree of openness to innovation. Compact heat exchanger can reduce the space and weight of any locomotives and spacecraft. Structural elements inspired from nature possess compactness and stability. Honeycomb structure allows minimize the spacing between cells which makes it possible to use thinnest possible metal boundary wall between two fluids. A rectangle structure can also do the same thing but it has less surface area, which will essentially decrease the volume of heat exchanger. Honeycomb structure provides high surface area to volume ratio which can be utilized to increase heat transfer coefficient of a heat exchanger and thus make compact system.In this computational study, bio-inspired simple honeycomb structured and spiral finned honeycomb structured counter flow heat exchanger has been three dimensionally simulated using finite element methods in commercial software COMSOL. This work is used to reduce the weight of heat exchangers in steam reforming reactors. There is a good correlation when the fluid temperature is the same in all cells. There is also a good temperature gradient in the fluid owing to laminar flow. 3D modeling showed that a careful representation of the inlet is needed for realistic results. A tube-shell heat exchanger is also simulated using FEA in COMSOL. Spiral finned heat exchanger provides additional surface area in cost of pressure drop. The performance characteristics of honeycomb heat exchanger showed an increase in heat transfer rate with least vortex formation.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract 215: Leveraging Electronic Health Record Documentation for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Team Identification on an Inpatient Cardiology Unit

Objectives: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a frequently-used approach for prospective risk assessment and quality improvement in healthcare, particularly for high-risk care processes such as hospital discharge planning. Our goal was to evaluate whether secondary use of metadata collected by the electronic health record (EHR) during daily practice can inform assembly of a comprehensive FMEA team by showing: 1) discrepancies between expected and observed process activities and individuals involved, and 2) the presence of individuals who may be appropriate to include in an FMEA based on their variable familiarity with a process. Methods: We extracted discharge planning data for an inpatient cardiology unit from the Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) and compared it to a hand-drawn map (HDM) indicating clinicians’ understanding of discharge activities and providers expected to complete each activity. We assessed the presence of providers highly experienced in the process, the diversity of involved disciplines, and the accuracy of the HDM compared to observation from EDW data. Findings: Over 500 providers completed nearly 35,000 discharge-related activities across 18 activity types over 2,000 encounters. Experience was skewed such that 90% (510 of 569) of providers completed between 0 and 99 activities while the remaining 10% (59 of 569) performed up to 1,200 activities. Frequent performers completed similar activities to their peers, but did so as many as 12 times more frequently than average for their discipline. Expectation of who performed an activity closely matched observation for 11 discipline-specific activities, such as case management assessment. However, providers from up to 10 different disciplines performed the remaining 7 activities, such as scheduling a follow-up visit or ordering a therapy consult. Overall, 35% (12,183 of 34,939) of activities were performed by an unexpected provider. Conclusions: Analyzing metadata from EHRs is a novel method to inform FMEA of high-risk processes. This study provides a framework for assessing process activities and the providers involved. In the discharge planning process, there appears to be significant discrepancy between clinicians’ understanding and the actual discharge process and team, which suggests the presence of providers who could be overlooked during typical FMEA team construction. This methodology can empirically enrich the FMEA team and highlight quality improvement target areas.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution and characteristics of its spatial distribution in soil near the typical industry area

This paper investigated the characteristics of heavy metal concentration and spatial distribution in urban soils by collecting soil samples around Shenyang Metal Smeltery.The ranges of heavy metal concentration in the surface soil(0-20 cm) were 7.25-81.20,562.92-1014.10,289.70-527.93 and 673.36-1021.60 mg/kg dry soil for Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn,respectively.The mean contents of Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn in soils were respectively 74.92,2.27,4.07 and 3.15 times of that of the second grade for heavy metals in Environmental Quality Standards for Soils(GB 15618-1995) issued by China EPA,which represented the pollution degree as the order of CdCuZnPb.As regarding the aspect of heavy metal distribution in the studied area,heavy metal concentration was greater in the region from the northwest to the southeast but deceased in the region from the northeast to the southwest,the maximum in the area lying in the northwest.Among the four heavy metals Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn,Zn was distributed in the investigated over the greatest distance,Cd only dispersed near the point resource,while Pb and Cu were in the spatial range between Cd and Zn.
Commentary on Wolf and Cohen: Reasoning about Public Evidence

Barker and Taranto (2003) and Taranto (2006) give an account of clarity based on shared belief. On the shared-belief account, It is clear that p will be true just in case both the speaker and the listener mutually believe that p. In Barker (2009), I argue that belief is neither necessary nor sufficient to guarantee clarity. After all, if the evidence is weak, It is clear that God exists is false no matter how strongly or how mutually we believe in God. Likewise, admitting that something is painfully clear does not guarantee that the discourse participants believe it, at least, not as a matter of entailment. Barker (2009) proposes instead a modal account based on justification: a proposition p is clear just in case all sufficiently normal worlds consistent with the common ground (i.e. consistent with publicly available evidence) are p-worlds. Then It is clear that p is true just in case the publicly available evidence justifies concluding that p.
Strategic Endothelial Cell Tube Formation Assay: Comparing Extracellular Matrix and Growth Factor Reduced Extracellular Matrix.

Malignant tumors require a blood supply in order to survive and spread. These tumors obtain their needed blood from the patient's blood stream by hijacking the process of angiogenesis, in which new blood vessels are formed from existing blood vessels. The CXCR2 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2) receptor is a transmembrane G-protein-linked molecule found in many cells that is closely associated with angiogenesis1. Specific blockade of the CXCR2 receptor inhibits angiogenesis, as measured by several assays such as the endothelial tube formation assay. The tube formation assay is useful for studying angiogenesis because it is an excellent method of studying the effects that any given compound or environmental condition may have on angiogenesis. It is a simple and quick in vitro assay that generates quantifiable data and requires relatively few components. Unlike in vivo assays, it does not require animals and can be carried out in less than two days. This protocol describes a variation of the extracellular matrix supporting endothelial tube formation assay, which tests the CXCR2 receptor.
Abstract 819: Fatty acid synthase, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in invasive breast cancer: Implications in carcinogenesis

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Breast cancer, the leading cause of death among women with an onset frequency of one in eight, is the most common type of cancer among women. However, despite the advancement in therapy, the mortality rate in breast cancer patients still remains high. The role of various different genes, directly or indirectly, regulating these processes have tremendously added to our knowledge of the complex process of proliferation, which has remained the most important prognostic factor so far. In our previous study, we established Osteoprotegerin (OPG)'s role in aneuploidy, cell proliferation and angiogenesis in breast cancer. We demonstrated that OPG is expressed and secreted at very high levels from the highly invasive breast cancer cell lines SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 as compared to human normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Here, we demonstrated by mass spectrometry that OPG pulls down fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in breast cancer cells. We observed large number of lipid droplets in SUM149PT and SUM1315MO2 cells in comparison to HMEC by electron microscopy. Human breast cancer tissue samples showed high expression of FASN. Treatment with FASN inhibitor C75 decreased the number of lipid droplets/cell, altered expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, cell signaling (Akt/PI3K, ERK, GSK3β) apoptosis (caspase-3 and caspapse-9) and cell cycle. Treatment with C75 lowered the inflammatory pathway enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and reduced secretion of its inflammatory metabolite prosataglandin E2 (PGE2). We reasoned that there might be crosstalk between OPG, FASN, and COX-2, that sustains the inflammatory pathways, and drives the progression of breast cancer. Here, we identified cis-acting elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of COX-2 by recombinant human OPG. Collectively, our study indicates the crosstalk between FASN, COX-2 and OPG. Combinatorial drug treatment of these main players of carcinogenesis can be used as a potential therapeutic target to treat highly invasive breast cancer. Citation Format: Sudeshna Goswami, Neelam Sharma-Walia. Fatty acid synthase, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in invasive breast cancer: Implications in carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-819
Dante e il consumo di massa: il Danteum di Martino Marazzi

Claudio Marazzi, Danteum. Studi sul Dante imperiale nel Novecento , Firenze, Cesati, 2015, pp. 176.
Automated big security text pruning and classification

Many security related big data problems, including document, traffic, and system log analysis require analysis of unstructured text. Consider the task of analyzing company documents for secure storage. Some might be too sensitive to put on a public cloud and require private storage with associated backup overhead, some may safe on the cloud in encrypted form, and some may be sufficiently non-sensitive to be stored on the cloud in plain-text without encryption and decryption overhead. Being able to make such categorizations autonomously can significantly strengthen data security, organization, and storage efficiency. In this paper, we analyze several base machine learning based security risk assessment algorithms and develop techniques to improve upon standard algorithms. In particular, we examine labeling document sensitivity, labeling each paragraph in the document with one of three levels of security risk. For evaluation, we use real sensitive texts, from documents leaked by the WikiLeaks organization. We improve upon the base models using probabilistic topic modeling via Latent Dirichlet Analysis to identify samples from impure subtopics in the training set, prior to training a logistic regression classifier.
Using a temporal weighted data model to maximize influence in mobile messaging apps for computer science education

Social influence refers to the behavioral change of individuals affected by others in a network [1]. Social influence is an intuitive and well-accepted phenomenon in online social networks. The strength of social influence depends on many factors such as the strength of relationship between users in the networks (nodes), the network distance between users (edges), temporal effects (time), characteristics of networks and individuals in the network [2]. In this project, we built a temporal weighted data model that focuses on influence analysis in mobile messaging apps, using groups (communities) randomly formed in mobile messaging apps, and individual behaviors in the groups and described the measures and algorithms related to group and individual characteristics over a defined time. Furthermore, we implemented this model by applying it into real dataset. WhatsApp, one of the most popular mobile messaging apps, was used for team projects in several Computer Science courses including Software Engineering and Human Computer Interaction, and the dataset was collected accordingly to evaluate the model's effectiveness and limitations in the range of groups and individuals.
Calls for interaction: the more the better? user experience of 3D carousel and additional interaction techniques

We perform a user study to investigate the psychological consequences of adding interaction techniques to the interface. In a betweensubjects experiment (N = 143), we explore how (i) variations in sheer number of interaction techniques and (ii) addition of a novel technique, i.e., 3D carousel, influence the volume of users' actions, their memory, perceptions of interactivity, as well as their attitudes and behaviors toward a website. Power usage is examined as a potential moderator. First-cut findings from self-reports and log data indicate that the 3D carousel feature has a strong impact on user experience, both positive and negative. It also moderates the curvilinear effect of adding traditional interaction techniques to the interface.
The effect of distal femoral extension osteotomy on muscle lengths after surgery

Abstract Purpose The distal femoral extension osteotomy (DFEO) is often used in the treatment of crouch gait to help compensate for knee flexion contractures. The effects of DFEO on skeletal and muscle lengths are incompletely understood, but are important to consider in planning concomitant surgeries such as patellar tendon advancement (PTA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the changes in femur, quadriceps, and hamstring lengths with DFEO, and to determine the sensitivity to surgical factors such as wedge location and magnitude. Methods A musculoskeletal model with six degrees of freedom tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints was used for analysis. A wedge was removed from the distal femur and the remaining bone segments were plated together to simulate the DFEO. After simulating the knee’s post-operative equilibrium, the surgically-induced changes in muscle and bone lengths were analysed. Results Relative to the pre-operative state, DFEO stretches the hamstrings while shortening the...
Noncentral mitral regurgitation: a new niche for the MitraClip.

MitraClip therapy (Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois) is an important treatment for correcting clinically significant mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients at increased risk for surgery. This therapy can now be offered to many patients with comorbidities who are at high surgical risk and would not
Analytic Jurisprudence Confronted

As we have seen, twentieth century legal theory was dominated by various versions of legal positivism, or positivism-inspired approaches, both in the relatively disciplined Austin-Hart tradition of analytic jurisprudence and in the more eclectic Holmes-realist tradition. Two notable challenges to this dominant focus arose in the decades circling the turn of the new century. One explicitly embraced its natural-law heritage, the other self-identified more with positivism; yet, both wove together features of historical and contemporary natural-law and positivist theories of law while resisting dominant positivist, or more accurately analytic, methodology. In doing so, they highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of the century’s contributions to jurisprudence and effaced the differences between the two traditional rival approaches to understanding the nature of law. In this chapter, we will explore the theories of John Finnis and Jeremy Waldron, taking them as representatives of jurisprudential thinking in a new key at the end of the old century and the early years of the new one.
Mindfulness-Based Intervention in an Individual Clinical Setting: What Difference Mindfulness Makes Behind Closed Doors

I would like to beg you to have patience with everything unresolved in your heart and try to love the questions themselves as if they were locked rooms or books written in a very foreign language. Don’t search for the answers, which could not be given to you now, because you would not be able to live them. And the point is, to live everything. Live the questions now. Perhaps then, someday far in the future, you will gradually, without even noticing it, live your way into the answer.
The Variability in Management according to the Quantum Physic

The management is a process that can lead to discover the most important physic principles as the variability; and the analysis on the Schrodinger’s cat, etc. Here we focus about what a manager must face if he or she wants to go on in the management field in order to achieve goals. You are what you think and what you decide to be. Everything comes out from mind, and your thoughts generate the reality. If you want to manage the life, before you must manage yourself. To know variabilities is to understand what it’s going to happen in life. So through analysis of all variabilities we can get the best results in management. Every person must focus the fact that thoughts, words and actions must be together, with no opposition. The variability is determined by external and internal facts, it means that the inner self world influence all the results of the life. So all changes come when we are able to change our inner self world, and it’s a math result all will change around yourself. And the power of the mind is another important point that produce the attraction law, all you think but in no contradiction create the present result of life. What you think must be in positive and in focalization of real points of the life. What we ask must be not the thing to avoid but the thing must bring the best desire result we want to achieve.
Making and negotiating value: design and collaboration with community led groups

Value in collaborative design research and practice can be understood fundamentally as relationships, materials, processes, contexts, and outcomes that are subjects of and for negotiation. We argue...
Review: Thyroid hormone therapy does not improve QoL or symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism.

Source Citation Feller M, Snel M, Moutzouri E, et al. Association of thyroid hormone therapy with quality of life and thyroid-related symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systema...
Memories From the Frontline

The connection between life narratives, shared beliefs, and historical events has frequently been the focus of scholarly attention. Whose voice is valued, how do we understand truth, and how do the...
Abstract 5028: Characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment in treatment-naïve EGFR-mutant NSCLC uncovers a low IFN-gamma suppressive immune phenotype

Background: Although immune checkpoint blockade has been successfully utilized in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the benefit of immunotherapy for patients with advanced EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) NSCLC has been limited. Data from IMpower150 trial’s subgroup analysis suggests modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) with antiangiogenic agents and chemotherapy might enhance response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in EGFRm lung cancers. We aim to gain a deep understanding of EGFRm NSCLC TME as the first step to make EGFRm amenable to immune therapy. Methods: We queried two cohorts of resected stage I-III lung adenocarcinomas: PROSPECT (94 tumors) and Immune Genomic Profiling of NSCLC (ICON, 76 tumors). In the PROSPECT cohort (14 EGFRm vs 80 WT), we compared 10 immune markers by IHC (PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD57, CD68, FoxP3 and Granzyme B) and 44 immune regulator genes’ expression levels and pathway signatures from microarray data. We subsequently validated the observation of differentially expressed genes in the ICON cohort (15 EGFRm vs 61 WT) using IF, RNAseq and WES. Results: In the PROSPECT cohort, lower PD-L1 (2.2 vs 10.4 H-score, p Conclusion: Our analysis showed that EGFR-mutant NSCLCs demonstrate a PD-L1 low, GzmB low, IFN-gamma low immune phenotype, suggesting a suppressive tumor microenvironment. We found that the CD8+ T cells were present in the tumor, but likely suppressed functionally by the negative regulators in the TME. These results direct future analysis of suppressive immune cell populations (CD4+ subpopulation, macrophages and dendritic cells) in EGFRm lung cancers, and represent an initial step for rationale combination of immune therapy to modulate the suppressed TME, which might lead to enhanced treatment efficacy to benefit patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers. Citation Format: Xiuning Le, Marcelo V. Negrao, Alexandre Reuben, Won-Chul Lee, Edwin Parra, Jun Li, Tatiana Karpinets, Carmen Behrens, Boris Sepesi, Ara Vaporiciyan, Jack Roth, Cara Haymaker, Emily Roarty, Jianhua Zhang, Chantale Bernatchez, Jianjun Zhang, Ignacio Wistuba, Don Gibbons, John Heymach. Characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment in treatment-naive EGFR-mutant NSCLC uncovers a low IFN-gamma suppressive immune phenotype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5028.
Dental Unit Waterlines

Dental unit waterlines, or DUWLs, are narrow-bore plastic tubing that carries water to dental equipment. Dental unit waterlines can be colonized by bacteria on the inside of the tubing, resulting in a biofilm. These biofilms can become a waterborne infection and be transferred to patients and can result in major public health disease problems. There are multiple treatment options to control the biofilms and monitoring systems to ensure that regulatory standards are met. Safety and standard levels for dental unit waterlines have been set by the governing infection control agencies around the world.