cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dialectic Idea of Hegel and the Modern Thinking Pattern

As the summit in German classical philosophy, Hegel's philosophy described the systematic dialectic theory in Europe and fulfilled the task of constructing his dialectic.Hegel promoted the dialectic to the summit in the realm of mentalism,set up the theoretic dialectic by means of free mode,and put forward the logic support for the modern thinking pattern.The thinking pattern of anthropology behaves as a new mode in the modern western philosophy including Marxism.Hegel's dialectic conceals the truth of the denial and reform to the old thinking pattern and it provides the principle and method for realizing the thinking pattern of the modern anthropology.
The mechanism of curcumin on inhibiting schistosomiasis liver fibrosis in mice

Objective To study the effect of curcumin on the treatment in schistosomiasis liver fibrosis. Methods Kunmig mice were divided into six groups with 10 in each:control group,infected group,dissolvant group and three CUR groups including low dosage group,middle dosage group and high dosage group.After four weeks,CUR groups were intragastrically instilled with CUR.10th week after being infected,mice were killed and liver were obtained to undergo staining and pathologic observation under microscope.The content of Hyp and the expression of MMP-1 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA in liver was detected.Results CUR decreased the damage of liver tissue and the degree of hepatic fibrosis.The content of Hyp and collagen in liver in CUR groups were lower than those in infected group significantly (t_(Hyp)=4.52,3.16,2.52,P0.05,P0.01;t_(胶原)=33.72,23.54,18.80,P0.05,P0.01 ).RT-PCR identified that the expression of MMP-1 mRNA enhanced,the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA decreased significantly in liver tissue after being given CUR comparing with the infected group(t_(MMP-1)=16.98, 21.43,25.49,P0.05,P0.01;t_(TIMP-1)=40.20,37.59,34.23,P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusions CUR has the function of protecting liver tissue and anti-hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum in mice,which may be related with the up-regulation of of MMP-1 mRNA and down-regulation of TIMP-1 mRNA.
Do cholinergic neurons directly innervate nasal blood vessels

The main aim of this work was to provide additional evidence that cholinergic neurons can induce nasal vasodilation by inhibiting norepinephrine release, not by a direct action on nasal blood vessels. We induced a degeneration of the nasal sympathetic neurons in order to observe the effects of electrical stimulation of the cholinergic neurons on nasal blood vessels. Electrical stimulation had no measurable effect. One interpretation of this result is that cholinergic fibers control vasomotor tone by inhibiting the output of the sympathetic neurons, i.e., they have a presynaptic influence. However, it should be stressed that the data were obtained from in vitro experiments, which may not reflect the true in vivo processes. Additional evidence was obtained to demonstrate that electrical stimulation of the in vitro nasal tissue causes contraction by the release of norepinephrine from remnants of sympathetic nerve fibers remaining in the tissue. Also, there is no evidence of transganglionic degeneration in the cervical sympathetic nerve.
Estimation of ABO(H) Isoantigen Expression in Bladder Tuiviors

AbstractABO(H) isoantigen expression was estimated semiquantitatively with the red cell adherence test on single epithelial cell suspensions from 89 bladder tumor and 7 normal bladder specimens. Correlations of red cell adherence counts positive for antigen with the pathological findings of the bladder (histology and stage of tumor) were made in a blind fashion at the end of the study. The mean count positive for antigen from normal bladders was 86.0, which was significantly different (p less than 0.001) from those of muscle-invading lesions (12.6) and flat carcinoma in situ (21.6). This study shows a good correlation among the cell counts positive for antigen, histological findings and stage of disease, and provides the basis for a prospective study that may help to determine the role of ABO(H) isoantigen measurement in bladder tumor patients.
The experimental situation as a determinant of hypnotic dreams. A contribution to the experimental use of hypnosis.

(1960). The Experimental Situation as a Determinant of Hypnotic Dreams. Psychiatry: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 63-73.
In Situ Observations of Volatile and Nonvolatile Particle Size Distributions From Balloon-Borne Platforms

Abstract Profiles of volcanogenic aerosol size spectra, primarily sulfate and ash, have been measured in situ using optical particle counters (OPCs), with heated and unheated inlets, deployed on scientific balloons, after the explosive eruptions of Mt. Pinabuto, 1991, and Kelud, 2014. In both cases, the longevity of small (less than 0.5 µm radius) particles in the stratosphere is demonstrated for the dominant sulfate particles. The ash particles following Pinatubo appear to be carried within sulfate particles of this size, but only comprising about 20% of the particle mass and persisting less than a year. In contrast sulfate particles of 0.5 µm persist much longer in the stratosphere. After both volcanoes there is clear evidence of fairly rapid gravitational sorting of the particles. The particles with nonvolatile cores, which are therefore denser, sediment more quickly, and the volcanic layers appear to be sorted based on the fraction of non-volatile material present. Such sorting is initially independent of aerosol size suggesting similar non-volatile fractions across a range of sizes.
Teaching the Empire

Although the British Empire crumbled and fell after the Second World War, there remained a great amount of interest in, and even enthusiasm for, this multinational endeavour in Scotland. Far from being absent-minded imperialists, the Scots were actively invested in their imperial heritage. The historical curricula taught to Scottish schoolchildren during the era of decolonization remained replete with imperial content, reflecting the continued investment in empire on behalf of both educators and the Scottish people. Teachers as well as government officials placed a premium on teaching Scottish schoolchildren about their imperial heritage, which becomes clear when looking at the textbooks used by leading primary and secondary schools as well as the questions they posed to pupils on the Leaving Certificate Examinations. Any pupil educated in the state-funded Scottish educational system during the era of decolonization would have come away with an appreciation of Scotland’s contribution to the British Empire.
915MHz ultra low power receiver using sub-V t active rectifiers

A 98nW receiver with a 23nW active rectifier RF front-end biased in deep subthreshold near the saturation/linear boundary is presented. An on-chip voltage reference and 28nW hysteretic comparator are also designed using subthreshold techniques. The receiver can demodulate an OOK signal at 100kbps with a sensitivity of −41dBm and all processing for process and mismatch is handled on-chip [1]. The ultra-low power receiver is used for wireless sensor node applications, specifically for nodes that are to be worn on the body.
Out with the Old, in with the New: Oviposition Preference Matches Larval Success in Cope's Gray Treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis

Abstract Oviposition site selection by breeding amphibians determines larval habitat for their offspring. Many amphibians breed in temporary ponds, which vary in hydroperiod and levels of competition, predation, and resource abundance. Newly filled ponds have fewer competitors and predators and more periphyton and phytoplankton, which are more palatable food sources for anuran larvae. We tested for oviposition site preference between old and new water pools in Hyla chrysoscelis, a species known to have better larval performance in newly filled pools. Consistent with larval performance and the observation that anurans often breed in ponds immediately after they fill, H. chrysoscelis selectively oviposited in new pools. Conductivity was significantly lower and dissolved oxygen significantly higher in new versus old pools, and these may be cues of pond age and productivity, respectively. We demonstrate that adult oviposition site selection preferences in our study match larval performance differences seen in...
Movement time for different input devices

Fitts' law states that movement time can be predicted by knowing the size of a target to which a person is intending to move and the distance to be moved. The current study measured choice-movement time with three input devices commonly used in human-computer interaction tasks: response panel, computer mouse, and touch-screen. We also examined how direction of movement with the different input devices influences performance. Movement time was shorter when responses were made with the response panel than with the mouse and touch-screen. Furthermore, horizontal movement time was faster than vertical movement time, even when the size of the stimuli and distance to be moved were equal. Fitts' law was used to estimate the slope and intercepts of the functions for each input device and dimension to determine whether the devices and dimensions had greater influence on the starting time or the speed of execution.
Connecting tubule glomerular feedback mediates tubuloglomerular feedback resetting after unilateral nephrectomy.

Unilaterally nephrectomized rats (UNx) have higher glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) that can cause significant glomerular injury in the remnant kidney. PGC is controlled by the ratio of afferent...
HiPA: history-based piecewise approximation for functions

Applications that can tolerate a certain degree of inaccuracy offer opportunities for performance improvement and/or power reduction through techniques that produce approximate results. Such techniques have been proposed at many levels of the system stack. Performing approximation at the level of functions promises significant performance improvement. Limitations of existing techniques are that they involve hardware, require substantial programmer involvement, or do not employ efficient approximation strategies. In this paper, we introduce a function approximation scheme that aims to overcome these limitations. Comparing our scheme with existing techniques, we show that it can efficiently approximate functions in software. The evaluation of our scheme on 90 mathematical and scientific functions from the GNU Scientific Library (GSL) shows that the speed of 90% of these functions can be improved. For 80% of the functions, the normalized RMS error in the approximated result is very small (0.04 on average) with 7.5x average speedup. Whereas for another 10% of the functions, the error is 0.4 with an average speedup of 5x. We also demonstrate the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of the approach by presenting results on five real applications. The average speedup for these applications is 2.9x with 0.25% error.
The Type Detection of Mineral Oil Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Water Based on the KPCA and CCA-SVM

The composition of the mineral oil is complex. Especially mineral oil of 3D fluorescence spectra data dimension higher, more complex processing. In this paper, The method of kernel principal component analysis plus canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is used to do classify the spectroscopy data processed by the KPCA. Kernel method is used within principal component analysis, since CCA uses all the kernel principal component of the converted samples from KPCA, no discrimination is lost in the analysis.The experiment results show that it is effective to extract the main feature of the spectroscopy. The identification of the oils can be realized with high discrimination which is 94.11%.
Income and Expenditures

The details of a queen’s income and expenditures that are examined here provide evidence of the political and economic importance of their reigns. This chapter first explains how the grander royal court functioned, how it became increasingly expensive and complicated to maintain, and how the queens’ households operated independently within it. The chapter also explores the physical space and activities of the royal households; the selection and function of the queens’ male staff especially their councils and of their female attendants the selection of their wardrobe and jewels and their participation in gift exchanges and patronage. How the queens collected and dispensed their resources had a significant impact on the economy both within and beyond the court.
Liquid Behavior Investigations under Zero and Low Gravity Conditions

The influence of a variable gravity field upon liquid behavior phenomena has been the subject of periodic studies at Convair-Astronautics for several years. Initially these efforts centered about means for increasing maximum boiling heat-transfer rates, particularly with respect to water. However, as interest in space missions increased, many of these efforts were redirected toward the heat-transfer and liquid behavior conditions anticipated under zero gravity. Zero gravity, or simply zero g, may be defined in a generalized way as the condition experienced in orbital motion by relatively low-mass bodies such as artificial satellites. In zero g, gravity is not absent; rather, the only resistance to gravity’s effects is that due to inertia. Thus it differs from the more basic condition of no gravity, which will probably be approximated only in intergalactic space. This discussion will deal with zero g, and no g can be left for future speculations and explorations. Our immediate interest in zero g was the mechanism of heat transfer to cryogenic liquid propellants that might be employed in those space vehicles requiring a long coasting period.
Colliding, colonizing or combining? Four cases illustrating the unique challenges presented by melanoma arising in conjunction with basal cell carcinoma

Biphasic lesions comprised of melanocytic and epithelial components are rare entities believed to arise either as a collision of 2 histologically distinct lesions in the same anatomic location or as a singular progenitor tumor differentiating along 2 differing lineages. Regardless of mechanism of origin, these tumors present unique challenges in pathologic interpretation and in determining appropriate measurements, which assigns subsequent prognosis to the patient. We present 4 tumors of melanoma co-existing with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and discuss relevant literature regarding these biphasic entities. Patients consisted of 3 males and 1 female, ranging in age from 62 to 93, with lesions located on the shoulder, frontal scalp, forearm and nose. Three of 4 lesions showed melanoma cells limited to BCC tumor lobules, without evidence of direct dermal invasion by melanoma cells, raising the question of whether or not these tumors should be classified as in situ or invasive melanoma. These cases highlight the complexity that such lesions pose to dermatopathologists, in terms of their uncertain origin and variable microscopic appearance. In the absence of data regarding outcomes for these tumors (given their rarity), it is important to utilize a case-by-case approach, with careful clinical correlation and appropriate use of ancillary techniques.
Positive predictive value of medical student specialty choices

Although medical school programs oriented toward postgraduate specialty training have the potential to reduce the duration and cost of medical school for US medical students, success depends on the ability of students to predict their postgraduate specialties. It is clear that first-year choices are poorly predictive, but it is not known when predictions become sufficiently reliable to support specialty-oriented learning programs. We therefore examined the predictive value of specialty preferences expressed at the ends of the first, second and third years of medical school and asked whether concurrent expressions of confidence in choices improved predictive ability. We also investigated the possibility that discrepancies between predicted and actual postgraduate specialty training were related to scores on an examination of knowledge in basic biomedical sciences required for US medical school graduation (the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USLME) Step 1 examination). We calculated positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) for specialty choices and the sensitivity and specificity of asking for choices for 634 University of Colorado School of Medicine students who trained in 23 accredited residencies from 2011 through 2015. We examined the effect of confidence in first choices in 609 students, and in 334 students, sought an association between USMLE Step 1 scores and switching from postgraduate training specialties predicted at the end of year 2. The PPV of first choices improved from years 1 through 3. NPV was high throughout. PPVs of year 3 first choices ranged from 79% in Anesthesiology to 95% in Psychiatry. Expressions of confidence in first choices did not improve PPV. Sensitivity of asking for first choices increased with time; specificity was consistently high. USLME Step 1 scores were higher for students who ultimately trained in specialties more competitive than first-choice specialties at the end of year 2. Specialty-oriented learning programs during medical school must accommodate students who change career plans. The PPV of specialty first choices improves each year, but even year 3 predictions can be inaccurate with potential loss of students from specialty-specific programs. USMLE Step 1 scores appeared to affect career plans expressed at the end of year 2.
Three years of sea ice freeboard, snow depth, and ice thickness of the Weddell Sea from Operation IceBridge and CryoSat-2

Abstract. We examine the variability of sea ice freeboard, snow depth, and ice thickness in three years (2011, 2014, and 2016) of repeat surveys of an IceBridge (OIB) transect across the Weddell Sea. Averaged over this transect, ice thickness ranges from 2.40±1.07 (2011) to 2.60±1.15 m (2014) and snow depth from 35.8±11.5 (2016) to 43.6±10.2 cm (2014), suggesting a highly variable but broadly thicker ice cover compared to that inferred from drilling and ship-based measurements. Spatially, snow depth and ice thickness are higher in the more deformed ice of the western Weddell. The impact of undersampling the thin end of the snow depth distribution on the regional statistics, due to the resolution of the snow radar, is assessed. Radar freeboards (uncompensated for snow thickness) from CryoSat-2 (CS-2) sampled along the same transect are consistently higher (by up to 8 cm) than those computed using OIB data. This suggests radar scattering that originates above the snow–ice interface, possibly due to salinity in the basal layer of the snow column. Consequently, sea ice thicknesses computed using snow depth estimates solely from differencing OIB and CS-2 freeboards (without snow radar) are therefore generally higher; mean differences in sea ice thickness along a transect are up to ∼0.6 m higher (in 2014). This analysis is relevant to the use of differences between ICESat-2 and CS-2 freeboards to estimate snow depth for ice thickness calculations. Our analysis also suggests that, even with these expected biases, this is an improvement over the assumption that snow depth is equal to the total freeboard, with which the underestimation of thickness could be up to a meter. Importantly, better characterization of the source of these biases is critical for obtaining improved estimates and understanding the limits of retrievals of Weddell Sea ice thickness from satellite altimeters.
Prophylactic antibiotics in soft-tissue procedures in children with cerebral palsy.

Abstract Purpose Data on the benefits of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics in the paediatric population are lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the rate of infection after isolated soft...
Barrier Design to Prevent Metal-Induced Degradation and Improve Thermal Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal-contact-induced degradation and escape of volatile species from perovskite solar cells necessitate excellent diffusion barrier layers. We show that metal-induced degradation limits thermal stability in several perovskite chemistries with Au, Cu, and Ag gridlines even when the metal is separated from the perovskite by a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Channels in a sputtered ITO layer that align with perovskite grain boundaries are pathways for metal and halide diffusion into or out of the perovskite. Planarizing the perovskite morphology with a spin-cast organic charge-transport layer results in a subsequently deposited ITO layer that is uniform and impermeable. We show that it is critical to seal the edges of the active layers to prevent escape of volatile species. We demonstrate 1000 h thermal stability at 85 °C in CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells with complete-coverage silver contacts. Our barrier layer design enables long-term thermal stability of perovskite solar cells, a critical step to commercialization.
Serological and biological relationships among viruses in the bean common mosaic virus subgroup.

Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (B1CMV), cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), azuki bean mosaic virus (AzMV), and peanut stripe virus (PStV) are five species of the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae which are seed-transmitted in beans or cowpeas. Eighteen isolates of BCMV, five isolates of B1CMV, four isolates of CABMV, and one isolate each of AzMV, and PStV were compared serologically using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against BCMV, B1CMV, CABMV, or PStV in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four MAbs detected all virus isolates; one detected all isolates except those of CABMV. Three MAbs were specific only for serotype A isolates of BCMV Four MAbs detected all serotype B isolates of BCMV plus all isolates of B1CMV, AzMV, and PStV. None of the antibodies distinguished among these four viruses. However, in biological tests with 11 bean cultivars selected for differentiating BCMV pathotypes, all isolates of B1CMV, AzMV, and PStV could be differentiated from the BCMV serotype B isolates by their reactions on a few bean cultivars in host group I and the cowpea cultivar California Blackeye #5. Potential problems that can arise from the use of nonauthenticated isolates are also discussed.
Purification of Polyphosphate Glucokinase from Propionibacterium Shermanii

Inorganic polyphosphates are linear polymers of orthophosphate linked by high-energy, phosphoanhydride bonds. These chains exist in variable lengths ranging from as few as 3 phosphate residues to more than 1000 residues. P. shermanii accumulates poly(P) throughout growth to a mximum of 3% of its cell dry weight with lactate as the carbon source but contains 100-fold less poly(P) when grown in glucose media. It is likely that during growth in lactate the poly(P) kinase is the primary enzyme responsible for the metabolism of poly(P). In contrast, during growth in glucose, the poly(P) synthesized by the kinase is apparently utilized by the poly(P) glucokinase in the formation of glucose-6-P. This report describes the purification of the poly(P) glucokinase from P. shermanii to near homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 130 µmol/min/mg at pH 7.4 and a subunit molecular weight of about 31,000. Based on gel filtration experiments, the enzyme is active as a monomer. The N-terminal amino acid sequence for the first 25 residues has been determined. The apparent Km for ATP is 1.4 mM and for glucose, 1.1 mM. The apparent Vmax with ATP is 55 µmol/min/mg and with poly(P), 400 µmol/min/mg.
Experimental Design: Response Surfaces

Experimental optimization by the sequential simplex method or its modifications involves trivial calculations readily done on a small digital computer or even by hand. Applications in analytical chemistry are almost unlimited. Consider the following common activities of analytical chemists:
Visualizing 1D Regression

Regression is the study of the conditional distribution of the response y given the predictors x. In a 1D regression, y is independent of x given a single linear combination βT x of the predictors. Special cases of 1D regression include multiple linear regression, binary regression and generalized linear models. If a good estimate b of some non-zero multiple cβ of β can be constructed, then the 1D regression can be visualized with a scatterplot of b T x versus y. A resistant method for estimating cβ is presented along with applications.
PCR cloning of Pseudomonas resinovorans polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis genes and expression in Escherichia coli

A ca. 5.5-kb region of Pseudomonas resinovorans genome containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis locus was sequenced. Three complete open-reading-frames (ORFs), i.e., phaC1Pr, phaZPr, and phaC2Pr, were identified. Using this sequence information, phaC1Pr was PCR-cloned from P. resinovorans genomic DNA and expressed in E. coli as shown by a Nile Red plate assay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis.
Machine Translation: A Literature Review.

Machine translation (MT) plays an important role in benefiting linguists, sociologists, computer scientists, etc. by processing natural language to translate it into some other natural language. And this demand has grown exponentially over past couple of years, considering the enormous exchange of information between different regions with different regional languages. Machine Translation poses numerous challenges, some of which are: a) Not all words in one language has equivalent word in another language b) Two given languages may have completely different structures c) Words can have more than one meaning. Owing to these challenges, along with many others, MT has been active area of research for more than five decades. Numerous methods have been proposed in the past which either aim at improving the quality of the translations generated by them, or study the robustness of these systems by measuring their performance on many different languages. In this literature review, we discuss statistical approaches (in particular word-based and phrase-based) and neural approaches which have gained widespread prominence owing to their state-of-the-art results across multiple major languages.
Diagnostic Utility of FDG-PET in Neuro-sarcoidosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (P3.388)

Objective: A report of a unique case of neuro-sarcoidosis and the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in diagnosis, as well as review of the literature. Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology, with hallmark being granulomatous inflammation. Neuro-sarcoidosis is the involvement of the nervous system, which can present in isolation or with systemic manifestations. Diagnosis is challenging, without reliable serum or imaging markers, often relying upon tissue. There is a paucity of literature on the utility of FDG-PET in the diagnosis of neuro-sarcoidosis. Design/Methods: Case presentation and literature review. Results: 48 year-old woman presented with recurrent fevers, dysarthria, vertigo, and diplopia over one-month duration, with a waxing and waning course, worsening during times of fever. Examination was notable for dysconjugate gaze with left eye exotropia and multi-directional nystagmus. Brain MRI with gadolinium showed generalized volume loss. Laboratory studies showed positive ANA, with homogenous and speckled pattern, and a normal ACE level. Infectious studies were unrevealing. Paraneoplastic panel was negative. Lumbar puncture showed a slight lymphocytic predominant pleocytosis. Whole body FDG-PET CT scan showed increased FDG uptake in bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, splenomegaly and FDG avid lymph nodes. Biopsy of the right axillary lymph node demonstrated numerous well-formed, non-necrotizing granulomas. Flow cytometry on peripheral blood, CSF, and the lymph node was negative for abnormal cell populations. She was treated with high dose IV methylprednisolone over three days followed by slow oral prednisone taper, with near-total resolution of her symptoms. She was maintained on mycophenolate mofetil. Conclusions: Although FDG-PET has been used in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, its role is not well established. Our rare case demonstrate a situation wherein FDG-PET results unexpectedly showed abnormal metabolic activity in the CNS when conventional imaging was unrevealing. FDG-PET may have utility in identifying lesions amenable to biopsy when conventional imaging techniques do not reveal a lesion. Disclosure: Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Andrews has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wundes has received research support from Alkermes.
Molecular and Evolutionary Mechanisms in the Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Chlorinated Compounds

TFA, TFAA, TFAC and ETFA make trifluoromethyl introduction more straightforward than other means, which are derived from increasingly scarce halocarbons using harsh reaction conditions
Sinonasal hemangiopericytomas: Clinicopathologic and imaging findings

Hemangiopericytomas are rare soft-tissue neoplastic lesions that can arise in any part of the body. They are mesenchymal tumors that account for 3 to 5% of all soft-tissue sarcomas and 1% of all va...
Tourism and Sustainability: Transforming Global Value Chains to Networks

Growing demand for tourism in an age of the experience economy (Pine and Gilmore 2011) and deepening concerns about the environmental, social and economic consequences of travel are threatening and transforming conventional models of global value chains (GVCs), a concept at the heart of traditional approaches to economic development. The notion of sustainability, which at its centre focuses on equity and the redistribution of political and economic power, combined with exponential changes in communication technology are at the foundation of revolutionary change in how we conceptualise GVCs in the context of tourism.
Factors for Formal Help-Seeking among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) results in numerous negative physical and mental health consequences. Research shows that many factors affect survivors’ help-seeking decisions. Previous studies were limited by small samples, and by excluding multiple forms of IPV consequences and multiple types of help sources. This study attempted to fill this gap by using a nationally representative dataset that collected data on multiple consequences of violence and formal sources of help. This study used the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine factors for female survivors’ help-seeking (n = 474). The main variables were formal help-seeking (medical, legal), types of victimization and consequences, and demographics. All were examined through logistic regression analyses. Black/African American survivors sought more formal help than their White counterparts. Sexually victimized survivors used less legal help than those victimized by physical violence. These results suggest that survivors’ formal help-seeking should be viewed in a broad health context, including their experienced victimization, subsequent medical needs, and the circumstances and conditions underlying their decision to seek a particular type of help. Future research needs to examine the circumstances and outcomes of both formal and informal help-seeking by racial/ethnic minorities. Law enforcement officers may be able to collaborate with medical care systems to ensure that survivors receive proper treatment. Future research is needed to better understand survivors’ help-seeking as navigating through complicated webs of their experienced victimization, subsequent medical needs, and the circumstances and conditions underlying their decision to seek which type of help.
Severe lead poisoning requiring hospitalization: A case report

Cases of severe childhood lead poisoning (a blood lead level (BLL) ≥45 mcg/dL) in the United States have decreased with time. Clinicians will encounter such cases only rarely. When such cases arise, however, recognizing their complexities and identifying resources that can help in management are important. We present here a case of severe childhood lead poisoning, highlighting the variable presentation, the rebound phenomenon of BLL after chelation, the usefulness of the zinc protoporphyrin as an adjunctive monitoring parameter, and the importance of early involvement of an inter-professional team.
13C isotope enrichment of the central trityl carbon decreases fluid solution electron spin relaxation times

Abstract Electron spin relaxation times for perdeuterated Finland trityl 99% enriched in 13C at the central carbon (13C1-dFT) were measured in phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.2) (PBS) solution at X-band. The anisotropic 13C1 hyperfine (Ax = Ay = 18 ± 2, Az = 162 ± 1 MHz) and g values (2.0033, 2.0032, 2.00275) in a 9:1 trehalose:sucrose glass at 293 K and in 1:1 PBS:glycerol at 160 K were determined by simulation of spectra at X-band and Q-band. In PBS at room temperature the tumbling correlation time, τR, is 0.29 ± 0.02 ns. The linewidths are broadened by incomplete motional averaging of the hyperfine anisotropy and T2 is 0.13 ± 0.02 µs, which is shorter than the T2 ~ 3.8 µs for natural abundance dFT at low concentration in PBS. T1 for 13C1-dFT in deoxygenated PBS is 5.9 ± 0.5 µs, which is shorter than for natural abundance dFT in PBS (16 µs) but much longer than in air-saturated solution (0.48 ± 0.04 µs). The tumbling dependence of T1 in PBS, 3:1 PBS:glycerol (τR = 0.80 ± 0.05 ns, T1 = 9.7 ± 0.7 µs) and 1:1 PBS:glycerol (τR = 3.4 ± 0.3 ns, T1 = 12.0 ± 1.0 µs) was modeled with contributions to the relaxation predominantly from modulation of hyperfine anisotropy and a local mode. The 1/T1 rate for the 1% 12C1-dFT in the predominantly 13C labeled sample is about a factor of 6 more strongly concentration dependent than for natural abundance 12C1-trityl, which reflects the importance of Heisenberg exchange with molecules with different resonance frequencies and faster relaxation rates. In glassy matrices at 160 K, T1 and Tm for 13C1-dFT are in good agreement with previously reported values for 12C1-dFT consistent with the expectation that modulation of nuclear hyperfine does not contribute to electron spin relaxation in a rigid lattice.
Escape the Womb: A Maternal Emergency:

Background.Due to advanced maternal age, obesity, drug use, and other comorbidities, the frequency of maternal cardiac arrest continues to rise nationally and in our Midwestern community hospital. ...
Justice and Fairness for Mkangawalo People: The Case of the Kilombero Large-scale Land Acquisition (Lasla) Project in Tanzania

Large-scale land acquisitions (LaSLA), otherwise ‘land grabbing’ in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), raise difficult normative questions the current literature does not sufficiently explore. LaSLA is asso...
Theta Synchrony Is Increased near Neural Populations That Are Active When Initiating Instructed Movement.

Theta oscillations (3—8 Hz) in the human brain have been linked to perception, cognitive control and spatial memory, but their relation to the motor system is less clear. We tested the hypothesis that theta oscillations coordinate distributed behaviorally relevant neural representations when initiating voluntary movement using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings from 9 patients (n = 490 electrodes) as they performed a simple instructed movement task. Using high frequency activity (70-200 Hz) as a marker of local spiking activity, we identified electrodes that were positioned near neural populations that showed increased activity during instruction and movement. We found that theta synchrony was widespread throughout the brain but was increased near regions that showed movement-related increases in neural activity. These results support the view that theta oscillations are a general property of brain activity that may also have a specific role in coordinating widespread neural activity when initiating voluntary movement. New and Noteworthy: Whereas theta oscillations in the human brain have been extensively related to a wide range of perceptual and cognitive functions, there is only limited data linking theta oscillations to motor systems. In this study, we use intracranial EEG to show that theta oscillations (3—8 Hz) are widespread throughout the brain but further increased near movement-related neural populations during instructed movement. Our results provide a link between theta oscillations and motor systems.
Performance Analysis of SWIPT for Intelligent Reflective Surfaces for Wireless Communication

The performance of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is investigated for an intelligent reflective surface (IRS)-aided wireless system. Tight bounds for the achievable rate and harvested energy are derived in closed-form for the time-switching (TS) and power-splitting (PS) protocols by adopting linear/non-linear energy harvesting models. The achievable rate-energy trade-off of IRS-aided SWIPT is quantified, and the effects of phase-shift quantization at the IRS are investigated. The impact of TS/PS factors, the number of reflective elements, reflective coefficients, and linear versus non-linear energy harvesting models is also investigated through analytical results and Monte-Carlo simulations.
Spirituality in sport| A preliminary investigation

Spirituality has long eluded a single definition that satisfies all. It has been described as the best that which is human, a quest for existential meaning, and as the transcendent human dim ensions. For the sake o f this study spirituality is defined as “ a search for the sacred” on an individual level with institutionalized religion being a subset o f this overall definition. Pathways to discovering the sacred may include traditional religious institutions, or m ay consist o f nontraditional paths. This study examined spirituality in sport. Anecdotal evidence suggests that athletes may be more spiritual than non-athletes. A lso, because o f conceptual consistencies, the idea that an individual high in spirituality would also be high in hope and flow w as investigated. The results show no significant difference in the spirituality o f N C A A D ivision I college students and that o f physically active college students. However, factoring on the spirituality scale and subscale revealed a nine-factor structure inconsistent with previous three-factor findings. Therefore, research conclusions based on the three subscales are suspect and may be invalid. Similarly, no differences were found between samples in flow , although, consistent with previous findings there was a significant difference between athlete and non-athlete student samples in hope. N o significant correlations were found between spirituality and flow . However, significant correlations were found in the relationship o f spirituality and hope, as w ell as between hope and flow . Lastly, few conclusions can be forwarded about the role o f spirituality in sport from this study due to the possible validity problems with the present scale. Since hope is a proven predictor o f sport achievement, and there appears to be a significant relationship between hope and overall spirituality, the one notable finding m ay be that spirituality in sport is worthy o f future research with proper and valid instrumentation.
Abstract 20419: Citrullination in Actin-Tropomyosin-Myosin Complex: Novel Regulatory Mechanism

Background: A novel protein post-translational modification, citrullination was shown previously in a number of key myofilament proteins, tropomyosin (R 133, R 238), actin (R 39) and myosin heavy chain (R 1176, 1303, 1434) in HF patient (values for total spectra counts for citrullinated proteins in control, ISHD and IDCM: 1.8 ±1.3, 3.2±2.7 and 2.3±1.9, respectively). The alterations in contractile proteins underlying enhanced Ca2+-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in end-stage failing human myocardium are still not resolved. Protein citrullination arises from the enzymatic conversion of arginine residues to citrulline result in loss of a positive charge and reduction in hydrogen-bonding ability. And here, the biophysical and biochemical effect on myofilament function is determined. Method: F-actin-tropomyosin binding, tropomyosin-actin-myosin, actin-myosin and myosin ATPase activity assays, and F-actin stability assays were carried out. Results: In vitro citrullinated tropomyosin significantly enhance affinity for F-actin (p=0.001) and decrease in the ATPase activity (p=0.06). Furthermore, citrullination of myosin HMM is not essential for actin affinity, although it modulate ATPase activation (p=0.3). Contrary, the ATPase activity is increase by pretreatment of actin (but not myosin) with PAD2 (p=0.09). Conclusion: Citrullination of the contractile proteins could affect different aspects of regulatory function. It either triggers a structural change or stabilizes a conformation that is necessary for actin-activated release of Pi and completion of the ATPase cycle. Significance: Citrullination of specific myofilament proteins in HF can have dramatic effect on modulating actin filament integrity and myosin function and tropomyosin action on myofilament regulation.
Lp‐PLA2– a novel risk factor for high‐risk coronary and carotid artery disease

Abstract. Epps KC, Wilensky RL (Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA). Lp-PLA2– a novel risk factor for high-risk coronary and carotid artery disease. (Review) J Intern Med2010; 269: 94–106. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is at the crossroads of lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response. It is produced by inflammatory cells, bound to LDL and other lipoproteins, and once in the arterial wall facilitates hydrolysis of phospholipids. Elevated serum levels of Lp-PLA2 have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in healthy populations and in patients with known vascular disease. Here, we review the role of Lp-PLA2 in the development of atherosclerosis and progression to unstable disease, the utility of Lp-PLA2 as a risk predictor for coronary and carotid events and the potential clinical benefit of pharmacologic inhibition of Lp-PLA2.
Saving Seaborn: Ownership as the Basis of Family Taxation

This Article examines the historical and jurisprudential development of the principle that ownership determines federal taxation of families. It traces the "ownership equals taxability" principle from the late nineteenth century to 1930; that is, from the decades leading up to ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decisions in Poe v. Seaborn and Lucas v. Earl. It is a story of the early federal income tax and its administration; of tax avoidance opportunities for families; of the nature of spouses' legal interests as defined by state property laws; and of early tax enforcement efforts by the Treasury Department and Congress. It is also a story of how the Supreme Court sought to protect Congress' taxing power by articulating an expansive definition of ownership for purposes of determining taxability that relied on indicia of ownership such as control, management, dominion, beneficial interests, equitable interests, enjoyment, and even a "flow of satisfactions" concept that tracked consumption tax principles more closely than income tax principles. In the end, the Article lays the groundwork for removing the modern-day false barometer of marriage between a man and a woman as the basis of family taxation. In place of marriage, it reestablishes ownership principles grounded in longstanding Supreme Court jurisprudence as the historically and legally accurate gauge for family taxation. In so doing, the Article presages an argument that will be articulated in a subsequent Article for taxing members of all state-recognized civil partnerships - marriage, domestic partnerships, civil unions, reciprocal beneficiary relationships - according to ownership interests as determined by state law.
Reading Philippe Desportes in Le Rencontre des muses de France et d'Italie

This essay focuses on Le Rencontre des muses de France et d’Italie, a text that is rarely discussed yet is crucially important in the reading and interpretation of Philippe Desportes. Through a close textual analysis of the editor's preface, and of four paired sonnets from Le Rencontre, this study shows Desportes’ poetic skills and contributions to early modern poetry, and also how he differentiated himself from his Italian sources. It argues that this volume, possibly compiled with the intention to denounce Desportes’ many Italianisms, in fact, turned out to herald his work and further his career, just as other anthologies had done for many sixteenth-century Italian poets. Thus, this analysis enables the reader to reflect on Desportes’ imitative style and his vibrant approach to intertextuality, as well as on the importance of Le Rencontre as a significant moment in the poetry of both France and Italy.
Wave Induced Pressures on Submerged Plates

In the analysis, the plate is imagined to be rigidly suspended at an arbitrary fixed depth and then replaced by a vortex sheet the strength of which varies both temporarily and spatially. The velocity potential of this sheet is adjusted such that, when combined with the potential of the oncoming waves, boundary conditions on the plate, the free surface, and the bottom are approximately satisfied. The final vortex strength distribution can be determined allowing the velocity field and thus the pressure distribution on each side of the plate to be calculated. The experimental program was conducted using a 4x4x40ft (1.2x1.2x12-m) flume with a generator capable of producing waves having a broad frequency and amplitude spectrum in varying water depths. A flat plate of sandwich type construction was instrumented with small pressure transducers with outputs that were processed and recorded on an oscillographic recorder. Results are presented as instantaneous differential pressure distributions for associated wave positions, sequentially as the wave progresses. An advantage of the analytic approach is that pressure distributions as well as total forces may be readily obtained.
HF Messenger/spl trade/: European trials and R&D efforts

This paper focuses on field trials and actual experimental results to describe how Rockwell-Collins France has deployed and intensively tested in Europe the HF Messenger/spl trade/ software coupled with the new HF high data rate modem, Q9600. The field trials have been made over a permanent HF test bed between Paris and Toulouse, through cooperative tests with government agencies (NATO, DERA) and interoperability tests and actual implementation in the various system environments encountered with French Navy, Italian Navy and BFEM 66 multinational exercise. Performance measured in clear and in secure mode with various crypto devices is presented. Moreover, this paper gives an overview of the R&D efforts in order to show what the research axes are and how the future needs are anticipated with respect to the expected performance of the HF E-mail solution and the evolution of STANAG 5066.
Visual features that vary together over time group together over space

The visual system perceives objects as coherent even when some parts are hidden or discontinuous. How this representation is constructed from local features of many nearby objects is termed the 'binding problem.' Here we manipulate contrast in several drifting gratings that can be perceived as either independent objects or parts of a single object. Contrast modulations that are correlated in time enhance perceptual coherence, whereas uncorrelated modulations impair coherence. Presumably, correlated contrast modulations produce correlated responses in cortical neurons. Therefore, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that temporal correlation of neural activity is important for feature binding.