cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time hatching

Drawing surfaces using hatching strokes simultaneously conveys material, tone, and form. We present a real-time system for non-photorealistic rendering of hatching strokes over arbitrary surfaces. During an automatic preprocess, we construct a sequence of mipmapped hatch images corresponding to different tones, collectively called a tonal art map. Strokes within the hatch images are scaled to attain appropriate stroke size and density at all resolutions, and are organized to maintain coherence across scales and tones. At runtime, hardware multitexturing blends the hatch images over the rendered faces to locally vary tone while maintaining both spatial and temporal coherence. To render strokes over arbitrary surfaces, we build a lapped texture parametrization where the overlapping patches align to a curvature-based direction field. We demonstrate hatching strokes over complex surfaces in a variety of styles.
Methylene blue: a simple marker for intraoperative detection of gastroduodenal perforations during laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.

Introduction. We studied the feasibility of using methylene blue (MB) as a marker to detect mucosal perforations during laparoscopic pyloromyotomy using in vitro and in vivo animal models. Materials and methods. MB was initially tested in pig stomachs in vitro. Information gathered from these experiments was then used to test the marker during experimental live piglet laparoscopic surgery. Results. MB stained the gastric mucosa blue; this tint could be seen through the intact mucosal layer exposed via myotomy. Dye extravasation was seen during laparoscopic surgery with mucosal perforations of 1.2 mm and greater with or without air insufflation of the stomach. Air extravasation was seen with perforations of 2.0 mm and greater. Conclusion. Full strength 1% MB dye instilled into the gastric lumen can potentially be used as a marker for detection of mucosal perforations of 1.2 mm or greater during laparoscopic pyloromyotomy.
Biological Activities of Aggregated Gamma Globulin I. Skin Reactive and Complement-Fixing Properties of Heat Denatured Gamma Globulin.

Summary1. Aggregated human gamma globulin, obtained by heating, gave immediate skin reactions in normal guinea pigs and inactivated complement, whereas aggregated bovine gamma globulin did not have either activity. 2. Aggregated human gamma globulin and antigen-antibody complexes are comparable on weight basis with respect to skin reactivity and complement inactivation. 3. Divalent cation(s) are required for inactivation of complement by aggregated HGG. Inactivation of C'3 by aggregated HGG is markedly dependent upon temperature. 4. A tentative hypothesis concerning the mechanism of complement fixation by antigen-antibody reaction is presented.
Forelimb skeletal scintigraphy responses in previously untrained Thoroughbreds undergoing initial treadmill training.

Scintigraphy has been used in numerous clinical settings to examine horses to determine the origin of lameness problems, but it has not been used previously to monitor prospectively the skeletal responses of a group of similarly-trained racehorses. Our hypothesis was that in naive Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses, initial treadmill training induces increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in high-motion joints and in the dorsal third metacarpal bone (MC3). Eight previously-untrained TB racehorses underwent sequential skeletal scintigraphic examinations as they exercised daily for 9 weeks on an inclined treadmill. At the end of Weeks 0 (pre-training), 3 (trotting at 4.2 m/s and initial galloping), 6 (galloping at 7.5 m/s), and 9 (sprinting 600 m at 12.5 m/s), horses received 140 mCi 99m Technetium-methylene diphosphonate i.v. followed by a standard skeletal scintigraphic forelimb examination 2 h later. Views were graded for increased radiopharmaceutical uptake by 3 co-investigators who were blinded to horse identification, breed, sex, date, and clinical findings. Results were compared before and after training for each skeletal location using the Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test with the level of significance set at P 0.05).
Raising the Status of the Cashier: Latina–White Interactions in an Ethnic Market

Using a Latino-owned and -operated ethnic market in southern California as an ethnographic research site, we analyze and compare the interactions between foreign-born, Latina cashiers and their Latino and White customers. We ask two main questions: what is the nature of cashier–customer interactions, and what do they tell us about the social hierarchy in which they are embedded? While most studies of service interactions find that intraracial encounters are friendlier than interracial ones, the results of this study prove otherwise. We find that the Latina cashiers are routinely friendlier, more deferential, and extend the length of the interaction with their White customers. We conclude that Latina cashiers deliberately provide better service to their White customers because they feel that the patronage of White, middle-class shoppers raises their occupational status as well as the status of their workplace.
Autoimmune disease in the epigenetic era: how has epigenetics changed our understanding of disease and how can we expect the field to evolve?

Autoimmune diseases are complex and enigmatic, and have presented particular challenges to researchers seeking to define their etiology and explain progression. Previous studies have implicated epigenetic influences in the development of autoimmunity. Epigenetics describes changes in gene expression related to environmental influences without alterations in the underlying genomic sequence, generally classified into three main groups: cytosine genomic DNA methylation, modification of various sidechain positions of histone proteins and noncoding RNAs feedback. The purpose of this article is to review the most relevant literature describing alterations of epigenetic marks in the development and progression of four common autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis and Sjogren's syndrome. The contribution of DNA methylation, histone modification and noncoding RNA for each of these disorders is discussed, including examples both of candidate gene studies and larger epigenomics surveys, and in various tissue types important for the pathogenesis of each. The future of the field is speculated briefly, as is the possibility of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.
A cluster and spatial analysis of ceremonial architecture at Late Postclassic Mayapán

Abstract Mayapan, Yucatan, Mexico is the largest and best-known Late Postclassic archaeological site in the Maya lowlands. Ethnohistoric sources describe Mayapan as a cosmopolitan city with an extremely diverse population. This paper uses cluster and spatial analyses of ceremonial buildings called ‘oratorios’ to discern architectural analogues to the social complexity of Mayapan. Researchers supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1938 and from 1949 until 1955 collected the data evaluated in the present study. The cluster analysis revealed four major types of oratorio, two within the site's central ceremonial group and two outside the group. Each type within the ceremonial core is associated with a specific configuration of ritual buildings suggesting that the analysis has revealed ‘real’ sets of building types. Most of the oratorios in the two types of outside the core stood in residential groups. Variation between these two types appears to have been the result of varying investments of labor and materials in the construction of oratorios.
Social cognitive problem solving and childhood adjustment: Qualitative and topological analyses.

Social-cognitive problem solving (SCPS) has been proposed and often accepted as relating positively to social and emotional adjustment, yet empirical support has been inconsistent. This study assessed the SCPS skills of 150 middle-class 6- to 11-year-old children through the use of qualitative, quantitative, and topological measures. Six quality dimensions were employed: Effectiveness, Inappropriateness, Aggressiveness, Passivity, Affective Understanding, and Interpersonal Content. Within each dimension, several topological variables were constructed: Mean Quality, Maximum Quality, Quantity, and Consistency Across Situation. It was found that children whose solutions were more socially appropriate and more consistent across situations were better adjusted as rated by teachers and parents. Findings suggested that solutions that were interpersonally oriented and active across situations were associated with lower levels of social withdrawal. Quantity was not associated with adjustment. These results support the superiority of qualitative over quantitative assessments and the relevance of the situation in SCPS assessment, and they note the importance of intellective and demographic variables in predicting adjustment.
A review of professor mommy: finding work–family balance in academia

Rachel Connelly & Kristin Ghodsee. (2011). Professor Mommy: Finding Work–Family Balance in Academia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. 232 pages, $25.95 List. ISBN: 978-1442208582.
A sample concentrator for sensitivity enhancement in chromatographic analyses

A simple, inexpensive, fast, and sensitive method for improving detection limits using a novel sample concentrator is described. Analytes are concentrated on the tip of a GC syringe by evaporating the solvent with a flow of nitrogen. The increased sensitivity of the concentrator permits extraction with lower volumes, minimizes disposal costs, and simplifies sample preparation. The concentrator improved sensitivities for selected drugs (7.6−12.8 times), pesticides (12−17 times), and C11−C16 alkanes (1.5−6 times). With or without use of the concentrator, relative standard deviations of peak areas were less than 10%. Diverse GC and GC/MS applications ranging from forensic toxicology to environmental analysis can benefit from the improved detection limits provided by this concentrator design.
Cartoon planet: the cross-cultural acceptance of Japanese animation

Japanese animation, the un-Disney, represents a major challenge to US global entertainment dominance. Through interviews, survey research and content/ratings analysis, this study discovered two facets of between-nation differences: (1) Japan's favorite anime (e.g., ‘Sazae-san’) differ from those of overseas audiences, and (2) overseas audiences’ favorites differ (‘Doraemon’ in Asia, but not in the West). Regional factors rather than cultural proximity account for anime being more popular in Asia than in the West. Ironically, overseas exports may save an industry that has up to now (despite characters’ Caucasian look) been aimed at a domestic base.
Osmoregulation in elasmobranchs: a review for fish biologists, behaviourists and ecologists

This article provides a broad review of osmoregulation in elasmobranchs for non-specialists, focusing on recent advances. Marine and euryhaline elasmobranchs in seawater regulate urea and other body fluid solutes (trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), Na+, Cl−) such that they remain hyper-osmotic to their environment. Salt secretions of the rectal gland and excretions in the urine compensate for continuous inward diffusion of environmental salts. Freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs in fresh water synthesise less urea and retain less urea and other body fluid solutes compared to marine elasmobranchs and thus have relatively lower osmolarity. Electrolyte uptake at the gills and kidney reabsorption of salts maintain acid–base balance and ionic consistency. The role of the gills, kidney, liver and rectal gland in elasmobranch osmoregulation is reviewed. The ontogeny of osmoregulatory systems in elasmobranchs and the contribution of drinking and eating processes in maintaining osmotic consistency are discussed. Rec...
7245 Ercp on intact papilla via long-limb roux-en-y gastrojejunostomy.

There are few reports of ERCP in patients with long limb roux-en-Y surgical anastamoses. The majority involve accessing biliary-enteric anastamoses, with very few reports of therapeutics on intact papillas. Methods: We reviewed all our consecutive ERCP attempted in 13 pts (23 total procedures) with long-limb gastrojejunostomy and intact papilla (no previous sphincterotomy (ES), stent, or biliary-enteric anastamosis). Data were abstracted from a prospective ERCP database and chart review. Results: Indications for ERCP included suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) +/- pancreatitis in 9, obstructive jaundice in 3 and chronic pancreatitis in 1. 9 pts had gastric bypass for obesity and 4 partial gastrectomy, all with roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. 9 pts (11 procedures) had ERCP under general anesthesia, with mean duration of 137 mins (range 50- 255mins). Procedure was initiated with colonoscope or enteroscope to find jejuno-jejunal anastamosis (usually 60 cm from gastric remnant) and ascend correct (afferent) limb to papilla (additonal 60cm), followed by wireguided exchange for a duodenoscope to perform ERCP. The duodenoscope could be advanced to the major papilla during the first procedure in 9/13 (69%); a second attempt in 1 failed. Successful bile duct cannulation and therapy was ultimately achieved in all 9 patients in whom duodenoscope insertion was successful, with cannulation on first procedure attempt (7pts), second attempt (1pt) or third attempt (1pt). Intended pancreatography was successful in 1/1 pt. Biliary ES was performed in 8/9 (needle-knife over biliary stent in 6, and needle-knife precut access papillotomy after pancreatic stenting in 2).Wallstents were placed in 2, stone extracted in 1, and SO manometry performed in 2. Final diagnosis after successful ERCP in 9 pts was suspected or confirmed SOD in 5, malignant biliary obstruction in 2, malignancy plus biliary stone in 1, and chronic pancreatitis in 1. Complications included pancreatitis in 2 (1 mild, 1 moderate) and bleed in 1 (mild), all in pts with suspected SOD. Of 4 pts with unsuccessful ERCP, 2 were sent for surgical sphincteroplasty and 2 had no further procedures. Conclusions: Diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP was ultimately successful in about 2/3 of patients with long-limb gastrojejunostomies and intact papilla, limited primarily by ability to advance any scope up afferent limb to papilla. Successful ERCP allowed therapy for problems without easy alternatives, but often required multiple and/or prolonged attempts under general anesthesia.
Long-Term Inhibition of the Central α2B-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Via Recombinant AAV-Delivered Antisense in Hypertensive Rats

Background Salt-induced hypertension is mediated via the α 2B -adrenergic receptor (AR) subtype. In α 2B -AR gene knockout mice, blood pressure (BP) does not rise with salt loading, and in rats with salt-induced hypertension, BP decreases transiently with antisense (AS) treatment targeting the α 2B -AR gene. The present experiments were designed to explore the possibility of gene transfection in the brain by intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery of AS-DNA via adeno-associated virus (AAV) to prolong α 2B -AR inhibition and hence reversal of salt-dependent hypertension. Methods A recombinant AAV (rAAV) vector preparation encoding the α 2B -AS fragment (previously tested in vitro for inhibition of α 2B -AR protein production in cells) and containing green fluorescence protein (GFP) for visualization was injected ICV into subtotally nephrectomized, salt-fed rats. Control rats received rAAV-GFP ( n = 8 per group). Results We observed that BP rose from a baseline of 120 ± 10 to 184 ± 12 mm Hg. Injection of rAAV-α 2B -AS produced a 35 ± 12 mm Hg fall in BP, lasting without evidence of diminishing for at least 16 days, whereas rAAV-GFP–injected rats showed a continued rise in BP. Rats treated with rAAV-α 2B -AS treated had a 45% to 65% decrease in α 2B -AR protein levels in key regulatory regions of the brain. Neither group had signs of immunologic response to the virus injection. Conclusions These results indicate that our construct, when given by ICV means, could reach multiple sites of the central nervous system relevant to BP regulation and could safely inhibit the central α 2B -adrenergic receptor, thereby achieving prolonged reversal of salt-induced hypertension.
Antimicrobial resistance of Providencia spp. isolated from animal manure.

Abstract Providencia spp. are Gram negative bacteria, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and are responsible for gastrointestinal disorders both in humans and animals. We report on the isolation of multi-drug resistant Providencia spp. (n = 4) from animal manure. The isolates were found to be resistant to clindamycin and to tetracycline, as well as to the macrolide and sulphonamide groups of antibiotics.
Resonance Raman spectra of Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers☆

Abstract We report the resonance Raman scattering (RRS) spectra for single-layer and multilayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. The films studied were prepared from a mixture of a cumylphenoxy-phthalocyanine derivative and stearyl alcohol. With RRS it was possible to probe the phthalocyanine macrocycle selectively without interference from the spectrum of stearyl alcohol or the cumylphenoxy substituents. Films on water and LB films transferred to several different substrates were studied. The RRS spectra support a film structure which includes stacks of phthalocyanine molecules which have the stack axes oriented so that only the bottom members of the stacks are in contact with the surface.
Advances in simulation of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is probably the most challenging endoscopic technique to learn because it not only requires comprehension of luminal endoscopy, but also compels the endoscopist to be able to understand ultrasound and recognize three-dimensional anatomy. As a result, the learning curve for EUS is steep and requires a large volume of wide-ranging cases to successfully accomplish training. Endoscopic simulators have the potential to play a unique role in EUS training based on the ability to simulate visual and tactile experiences that one would encounter during actual EUS procedures. Over the past few decades a variety of EUS training simulators have been developed to facilitate EUS training. This review will discuss current simulators available and their potential impact on EUS training.
Binding of phospholipase A2 to zwitterionic bilayers is promoted by lateral segregation of anionic amphiphiles

Catalytic action of phospholipase A2 is appreciably influenced by the organization and dynamics of bilayers of glycerophosphocholines (Apitz-Castro et al. (1988) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 688, 341–348). However, such effects of the quality of the interface are not observed with bilayers of glycerophosphoryl methanol and other anionic phospholipids (Jain et al. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 860, 435–447). Such differences between the catalytic susceptibility of zwitterionic versus anionic bilayers are due to a large difference in the affinity of the enzyme for these interfaces. Binding to phospholipase A2 to zwitterionic interfaces can be promoted in the presence of certain anionic additives. For example in the pre-steady-state phase of hydrolysis, segregation of the nacently produced products of hydrolysis could promote binding of phospholipase A2 to regions of higher anionic charge density in the zwitterionic interface. In this paper we show that the dynamics of segregation of the nacently produced products of hydrolysis in zwitterionic bilayers can be readily followed by monitoring the fluorescence intensity of the cationic dye NK-529 (Yu and Jain (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 980, 15–22). The fluorescence emission characteristics of NK-529 change appreciably due to self-quenching of the bound dye molecules as the fatty acid molecules segregate in the bilayer. The kinetics of segregation of fatty acids during the course of hydrolysis of bilayers of zwitterionic phospholipids by phospholipase A2 exhibits an unequivocal correlation with a variety of phenomena that are observed during the transition from the pre-steady-state phase to the steady-state phase of hydrolysis in the reaction progress curves as a function of temperature and in the presence of lipophilic additives.
Optofluidic particle concentration by a long-range dual-beam trap

Ultrahigh sensitivity detection of particles in solution implies the ability to detect at very low concentrations. At the single-particle level, this is achieved through fluorescence detection, reaching down to single fluorophores. Sensitivity may also be improved by concentrating many particles into a compact cluster, thus “integrating” the signal of many particles. We show how both ways can be combined on an optofluidic chip in a fully planar geometry utilizing counterpropagating liquid-core waveguide modes to form a loss-based optical trap. This all-optical concentrator can increase the concentration of particles by more than 2 orders of magnitude and also provides a convenient, nondispersive means of transport for particle ensembles.
A Sustainability Component for a First-Year Course for Information Technology Students

The concept of green computing has become a popular label employed by all major IT corporations when promoting either their hardware as energy efficient or asserting that their software solutions improve work performance and reduce the carbon footprint. Yet, how one addresses sustainability in computing is still a developing area and without clear guidelines or standards. Preparing students on topics of computing sustainability is thus essential for ensuring the future professionals have the skills to tackle such an important challenge. In this paper we propose a sustainability module we developed for an introductory computing course. We start by providing a justification of our work, motivated by the students' attitudes towards green IT as emphasized by an initial study. We continue with a description of the module and the class it was prepared for. Finally, we analyze the impact the module had on the students by discussing the results of an assessment survey. Our work provides a stepping stone for innovative integration of sustainability in computing by motivating students to become responsible global citizen and professionals.
Determination of fluorine in tea.

Abstract A simple method is presented for the determination of the fluorine content of tea by using a 0.5–1.0-g sample. Fluorine is fixed by means of calcium oxide during the destruction of organic matter and then converted to soluble fluoride by fusion with sodium hydroxide. The fluoride is determined titrimetrically after steam distillation of fluosilic acid. Analysis of 16 varieties of tea reveals that fluorine concentration increases with the age of tea leaves upon harvest and that commercial teas contain fluorine in the range between 40 and 120 ppm. Large amounts of fluorine-containing compounds in the environment lead to extremely high fluorine values in the leaves of Camellia sinensis, suggesting that it may be used to monitor the extent of pollution.
Second-look laparotomy in fallopian tube carcinoma.

From August 1974 through August 1980, eight patients with primary fallopian tube carcinoma underwent second-look laparotomies at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. Prior to the second-look laparotomies all patients were clinically free of disease. Initial treatment consisted of surgery and chemotherapy for four of these patients, surgery and radiation therapy for two patients, and surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy for two patients. The second-look laparotomies showed five patients were free of disease, one patient had microscopic residual disease, and two patients had persistent macroscopic disease. Recurrences following negative second-look laparotomies developed in two patients. One recurrence occurred at 41 months after the procedure and the other 69 months afterward. Both patients lived more than 5 years after the second-look laparotomies were performed. Three patients with negative findings at second-look procedures and the patient with microscopic residual disease remain clinically free of disease 34, 53, 74, and 50 months after the laparotomies, respectively. Following additional chemotherapy, the two patients who evidenced macroscopic disease at the second-look procedure died 16 and 32 months following the second-look laparotomies. The second-look findings can be used to predict disease behavior and may have a role in the management of patients with fallopian tube carcinoma.
THE EFFECT OF PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY ON THE IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF TRIPHENYLCHLOROETHYLENE1

In 1941 Emmens published the first of a series of extensive studies on the biologic activity of synthetic and natural estrogenic materials. In his early experiments he compared the ability of a wide series of compounds to produce vaginal cornification in spayed mice when given either by subcutaneous injection or by direct application to the vaginal mucosa. These studies yielded results of singular interest, in that the materials studied could rather easily be divided into two classifications: (1) those compounds which required only a small fraction of the subcutaneous dose when the material was given intravaginally; and (2) those compounds which required essentially the same amount of material by either route of administration. All the natural estrogens and their esters which were studied fell into the first group, which Emmens then termed the “estrogens.” Diethylstilbestrol also fell into this first group. Triphenylethylene, on the other hand, fell into the second group, which Emmens termed the “proestro...
Fiducial approach for assessing agreement between two instruments

This paper presents an approach for making inferences about the intercept and slope of a linear regression model when both variables are subject to measurement errors. The approach is based on the principle of fiducial inference. A procedure is presented for computing uncertainty regions for the intercept and slope that can be used to assess agreement between two instruments. Computer codes for performing these calculations, written using open-source software, are listed.
The removal of ion implanted deuterium from tungsten and stainless steel by transferred-arc cleaning

Tungsten and stainless steel samples have been ion implanted with deuterium in an accelerator to simulate hydrogen isotope ion implantation conditions in magnetic confinement fusion devices. The samples were characterized by ion beam analysis both before and after cleaning to determine deuterium concentrations present. The extent of transferred-arc (TA) cleaning was varied to determine the deuterium removal efficiency, surface roughening and sample erosion rate. The deuterium content was greatly reduced by the cleaning thus demonstrating the possibility of using the TA cleaning technique for removing deuterium from components exposed to D-T fuels.
No Contest: Participatory Technologies and the Transformation of Urban Authority

This essay describes the transformation of civic participation from a tool of democratization into a tool for elite authority. Looking at various participatory projects in community-based organizations in a city in America’s Rust Belt, the essay demonstrates how the very architecture of civil society is being manipulated to marginalize dissent. This raises the question of whether the design of institutions has outpaced our critiques of them.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN EMPLOYMENT AND STARTING SALARIES OF BUSINESS MAJORS DURING THE 1980s: The Impact of College-Acquired Characteristics

This study identifies changes in employment and starting salary gaps among business graduates by gender during the 1980s. Although national data indicate that both employment conditions and earnings improved for women in general over the past decade, our results indicate that, at least for a select group of younger women, labor market conditions were mixed. First, female graduates majoring in business found it less difficult, both in absolute and relative terms, to secure full-time employment after graduation throughout the 1980s. That is, the employment success rate for these females increased relative to their male counterparts. Second, regardless of whether mean, regression, or decomposition analysis is used to calculate the gender gap in starting salaries, the gap continued to increase throughout the last decade. In addition, both the regression and decomposition results suggest that the mean starting salaries gap underestimated the actual gap for the two periods studied. Finally, the study suggests that of the college-acquired characteristics found to be significant determinants of employment success and starting salaries in the early 1980s, only academic achievement continued to play a significant positive role by the end of the decade.
Arsenic uptake and loss in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica.

In addition to a control Crassostrea virginica was treated with 3 and 5 μg As kgp-1 for 16 wks at ambient seawater salinity and temperature to determine the potential of C. virginica as an indicator of arsenic pollution. Prior to spawning, as much as 10.3±1.5, 12.7±2.7, and 14.1±3.7 μg As gp-1 dry weight were accumulated in the total soft parts of oysters after treatment with ambient (control), 3 and 5 μg As kg-1, respectively. Immediately after spawning, an increase in tissue arsenic concentration was observed in all treatments up to week 12, after which a decrease in tissue arsenic concentrations occurred despite continuous addition of arsenic to the seawater. During the uptake period, a significant inverse relationship existed between dry weight and tissue arsenic concentration, whereas a significant direct relationship was apparent between dry weight and tissue content. Arsenic concentration in the total soft parts is not significantly related to seawater arsenic concentration over the range of concentrations used in this study. In all three treatments, arsenic uptake as concentration (μg gp-1) is not a significant linear function of time. Weight loss was significant but gradual during the first 16 wks of treatment and did not change significantly during the depuration period (wks 17–25). Tissue arsenic concentrations increased significantly in oysters from all three treatments during the depuration period. Generally, arsenic body burdens increased with increases in phytoplankton concentration and it appears that food contributes more to arsenic uptake than seawater arsenic concentrations. Since a relationship between tissue arsenic concentration and seawater arsenic concentration does not appear to exist, C. virginica would not be a good biological indicator of arsenic concentration in its environment.
Relational Model-base Structures Underpinnings for Decision-driven (vs Databasedependent) Management Support Systems

As things now stand, administrative systems are likely to see their design options as being restricted to one or another of the products now being produced and promoted under the Enterprise Resourc...
Relative colonizing abilities of human fecal and K 12 strains of Escherichia coli in the large intestines of streptomycin-treated mice.

Male CD-1 mice, fed streptomycin in their drinking water, were used to study colonization of the mouse intestine by both fecal Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy humans and Escherichia coli K12 strains which are routinely used as hosts for recombinant DNA. Prior to use in mice, all the strains were made resistant to streptomycin. Several facts emerged from these studies: (a) Strains isolated from different healthy humans colonized the mouse intestine with equal ability (approximately 10(8) cells/g feces), but may have colonized biochemically distinct sites. (b) K12 strains tested had, at most, one hundredth the colonizing ability of human fecal strains. (c) Rifampicin-resistant mutants of strains which contain one or no plasmids were poor colonizers relative to their parents. (d) Rifampicin-resistant mutants of strains which contain six or more plasmids retained the colonizing abilities of their parents. (e) Introduction of the F-amp or pJBK5 plasmid into HS-4, a human fecal strain which does not normally carry these plasmids, reduced its colonizing ability 1000-fold. (f) Strains used in this study colonized the mouse caecum and colon exclusively. The system presented here offers a simple, rapid test to determine whether a specific genetic alteration in a bacterium (e.g. antibiotic resistance) results in enhanced, reduced, or unchanged colonizing ability. Such a test might prove to be of value as a part of the clinical testing of antibiotics.
Role of extraocular muscles in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response

Abstract The contributions of the extraocular and retractor bulbi muscles to the nictitating membrane response (NMR) were assessed using transections of the abducens nerve or the extraocular muscles. Transection of the six extraocular muscles or the muscle that attaches to the nictitating membrane had no effect on the NMR in otherwise intact animals. Transections of the abducens nerve reduced the NMR by 50%, and transections of the abducens nerve and the extraocular muscles abolished the NMR. These results indicate that the NMR can be effected by the six extraocular muscles, but that these six muscles may play a role that is redundant in the intact animal. The anatomical location of the motoneurons innervating the retractor bulbi is discussed.
Electrical conductivity of heteroaromatic ladder polymers. 3. Phenothiazine and the structurally related ladder polymers

Polycondensation du diamino-2,5 benzenedithiol-1,4 avec la p-benzoquinone dichloro-2,5 dans l'acide polyphosphorique a 250°C. Spectres FTIR du polymere echelle obtenu et conductivites electriques
Note on solving linear complementarity problems as jointly constrained bilinear programs

Abstract We investigate refinements of an existing nonconvex programming algorithm that exploits special structure of linear complementarity problems. We construct a linear program, having an n × n working basis, which is equivalent to the subproblems generated by the algorithm that generally require 3n × 3n basis matrices.
Recent progress on forward scattering modeling for GNSS reflectometry

A geometric optics limit of the Kirchhoff approximation is widely used for modeling the bistatic radar cross section of the ocean surface. The question of practically acceptable accuracy of this approximation for GNSS-R applications remains open. In this paper we use more accurate approximation, the small slope approximation to assess the validity of the geometric optics model. Here, we present the results of calculations of the bistatic radar cross section for L-band circular polarization signals using both the geometric optics model and the small slope approximation. Another issue addressed in this paper is the sensitivity of the modeled bistatic radar cross section to wind direction. Two semi-empirical surface spectral models are employed and in- and out-of-plane geometries are considered. Also, using the small slope approximation we investigate the sensitivity of the azimuthal angle dependence of the bistatic radar cross section to wave fetch.
Down-regulation of prostasin serine protease: a potential invasion suppressor in prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND Prostasin is a serine protease predominantly expressed in normal prostate epithelial cells. The biological function of prostasin has not been determined. METHODS Western blot and RT-PCR analyses were used to examine the expression of prostasin in prostate cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate prostasin protein expression in human prostate cancer. An in vitro Matrigel invasion assay was used to test the invasiveness of prostate cancer cell lines forced to express recombinant prostasin. RESULTS Both prostasin protein and mRNA were found to be expressed in normal human prostate epithelial cells and a non-invasive human prostate cancer cell line, the LNCaP, but neither was found in invasive human prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3. Prostasin mRNA expression was absent in invasive prostate cancer cell lines of a transgenic mouse model. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that prostasin protein expression is down-regulated in high-grade prostate cancer. Transfection of DU-145 and PC-3 cells with a full-length human prostasin cDNA restored prostasin expression and reduced the in vitro invasiveness by 68 and 42%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that prostasin may be implicated in normal prostate biology and is able to suppress prostate cancer invasion in vitro. Prostate 48:93–103, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coronary perfusion pressure and left ventricular function

A stable preparation is described in which the left ventricle is functionally siolated from the rest of the circulation of dogs. Mean aortic (MAP) and mean left atrial pressures (MLAP) can be varied independently while aortic flow (AF) is measured as a dependent variable. Experimental studies showed that when MLAP was kept constant and MAP was varied, a definite maximum of AF was obtained at a MAP that varied widely fromanimal to animal between 36 and 98 mm Hg. The value of MAP where this maximum AF was found increased on the average 10 mm Hg for each increase in maximum AF of 1 l/min. To facilitate comparison of the results obtained under different conditions and from different animals, the value of MAP at which a maximum AF was found equal, to 100 ml/min x kg was determined from the results of each experiment and defined as “Optimum MAP”. The Optimum MAP was found to be higher at higher heart rates: a linear relationship was observed indicating an increase of approximately 0.36 mm Hg per increase in heart rate of 1 BPM. Lowering the hematocrit in the range between 43 and 24 percent resulted in a decrease of the Optimum MAP, with a minimum between 20 and 24 percent; below 20 percent the Optimum MAP increased with a further decrease of hematocrit. Distinction is made between myocardial oxygen consumption and oxygen supply and equations are derived that relate these quantities with MAP, AF, heart rate and hematocrit. It is suggested that the Optimum MAP is closely associated with the lower limit of the autoregulation range of coronary flow.
Radioresistant DNA synthesis and human genetic diseases.

Sixty-eight human fibroblast cell strains were assayed for radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS), which is defined here as the absence of a steep component of inhibition of DNA synthesis in a dose-response curve when rate of DNA synthesis is plotted against radiation doses from 0 to 20 Gy or more. Twenty-seven strains from patients who were previously diagnosed to have ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) were positive for this feature. Among the cell strains that did not show RDS were two from AT obligate heterozygotes (i.e., the parents of AT patients), two from patients with Alzheimer disease, two from patients with Friedreich ataxia, one from a patient with Bloom syndrome, one from a patient with Down syndrome, and six from patients with various immunodeficiencies. Four strains demonstrated RDS that was less pronounced than in most AT cells: one was from a patient with Nijmegen breakage syndrome, one was from a patient without ataxia but with choreiform movement disorder, telangiectasia, and elevated concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein in the blood, and two were from AT patients. RDS therefore is not a necessary trait of human genetic diseases that involve radiosensitivity or immunodeficiency. Although recent reports suggest that some AT patients do not exhibit RDS, we found RDS in all the AT cells we tested.
The influence of turbulence on the structure and propagation of enclosed flames

This investigation was undertaken to examine the influence of turbulence on burning velocity and on the physical structure of the flame surface under flow conditions similar to those experienced in turbojet afterburner systems. Uniform propane-air mixtures were supplied to a combustion chamber 12 in. long and of 4 in. × 4 in. cross section. Control over the turbulence level was achieved by means of grids located at entry to the chamber. Schlieren photographs were taken through transparent side walls at turbulence levels ranging from 2 to 14 per cent and at velocities up to 250 ft/sec. These photographs provided the basic data for the investigation. Turbulent flume velocities were derived as the product of the inlet velocity and the sine of the angle between the flow direction and the mean surface of the flame. The results fully supported the wrinkled laminar flame concept of turbulent flame propagation. Turbulent flame speed was found to increase with increases in laminar flame speed, turbulent velocity and flow velocity. Under turbulent flow conditions the flame surface was characterized by a cellular structure, the average cell size diminishing with increase in approach stream velocity and turbulence. However, the main effect of turbulence was in lacerating and disrupting the flame and thereby increasing its surface area. The results of previous investigations were confirmed in regard to the relatively slight dependence of flame spreading rate on inlet velocity, especially at high velocities. However, flame spreading rate was found to vary appreciably with turbulence and also with fuel-air ratio, a result which was consistent with the wrinkled laminar flame model, but which contradicted previous findings on enclosed flames.
Progression to advanced neoplasia is infrequent in post colectomy familial adenomatous polyposis patients under endoscopic surveillance.

Background and Study Aims Advanced neoplasia may occur in the remaining colon and distal ileum of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients who have had a prophylactic colon resection. The role of post operative lower GI endoscopic surveillance and management of advanced neoplasia in FAP patients is not well defined. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of post operative neoplasia and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of lower GI endoscopic surveillance and ablative therapy following prophylactic colon resection. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis of 42 FAP patients with prior primary colon cancer preventative surgery undergoing lower GI surveillance and ablative therapy from 1992 to 2006. Results All patients had adenomatous disease identified upon initial endoscopy with advanced neoplasia identified in 6/42 (14%). Patients had a median of 4 endoscopic procedures of which 2 (range 0–12) were therapeutic, over a 49 month follow-up period (range 0–168) Thermal ablation with argon plasma coagulation, polypectomy and surgical intervention were required in 55%, 7% and 14% of patients. Ablative therapy complications were due to Nd: YAG laser and snare polypectomy (5%). Progression to advanced neoplasia from baseline pathology occurred despite ablative therapy in 3/42 (7%) patients. We propose a lower GI tract endoscopic surveillance program for post surgical FAP patients. Conclusion Despite prophylactic colon surgery, FAP patients continue to be at risk of neoplasia. The development of advanced neoplasia is infrequent in patients embarking upon endoscopic surveillance. Ablative therapy is effective and safe for the vast majority of FAP patients.
Structural and IR relations among brucite-like divalent metal hydroxides

The a and c unit cell parameters of M(OH)2, brucite-like structures with M=Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cd, and Ca, are considered in relation to M-O distances taken as the sum of the ionic radii, MVI and OIV. The a parameters are related to (M-O) by flattening of the octahedral coordination groups, with a flattening angle α=97.4±0.4°. The c parameters are divided into the octahedral layer thickness, h(oct), and the interlayer spacing h(inter). The latter is related to the (O-H) distances, which decrease as (M-O) increases. Infrared v(O-H) stretching frequencies vary with (M-O) in the same manner as h(inter) varies with (M-O). The values of v(O-H) decrease as h(inter) decreases and the atomic weight of the cations increases. The results are consistent with previous data for cation-substituted talcs. It is suggested that the M2+ ions associated with the O2− ions modify the reduced mass of the O-H vibrations so that v(O-H) decreases with increasing mass of M.
Particle motion and mixing in a rotary kiln

Abstract The motion and mixing of solid materials within a rotary kiln was studied experimentally by visual observationof tagged particles in a laboratory kiln. Particle mixing rates were evaluated by the time required to achieve complete or randomized mixing of the kiln bed. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of particle type, kiln loading, and wall friction on mixing rates in the bed with the bed in either slipping mode or rolling mode. In slipping mode, the bed behaved as a relatively solid mass with little mixing of particles when compared to operation in rolling mode. In rolling mode the following effects were noted: Increasing kiln loading increased the time required to achieve complete mixing; e.g. in one experiment, a 500% increase in kiln loading resulted in a 67% increase in the time to achieve mixing. Particle type was shown to have an effect on mixing time and an empirical relationship was developed to predict kiln mixing times based on the ratio of the coefficient of particle/particle friction to the coefficient of particle/wall friction.
Compact Symmetry Groups and Generators for Sub-Markovian Semigroups

We consider closed infinitesimal operators L with dense domain D in the algebra of all continuous functions, vanishing at infinity, on a given locally compact Hausdorff space X. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for L to be the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous sub-Markovian semigroup on C0(X). The conditions involve: (1) commutativity with a compact group G acting continuously on X (i.e., spatial G-symmetry), (2) a tangential notion defined in terms of the G-action, and finally, (3) a dispersive estimate for L. The dispersive estimate is satisfied on a subalgebra which is a core for L, and contained in the domain D. If G is also a Lie group, we explicitly construct such a core algebra in the domain.