cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Solid in Uniaxial Tension

The multiple integral form of the constitutive relation for nonlinear viscoelasticity is correlated with experimental results for the case of uniaxial tension of a polymeric material. Special forms of the kernel functions are assumed in which the arguments of these functions are taken in additive form. This permits the development of a simple procedure for determining the material functions from stress-relaxation tests. The resulting constitutive relation, for a particular material, is used to predict the load response to single and consecutive constant strain-rate programs and the results are compared with experimentally obtained data.
Compression bounds for Lipschitz maps from the Heisenberg group to L 1

We prove a quantitative bi-Lipschitz non-embedding theorem for the Heisenberg group with its Carnot–Caratheodory metric and apply it to give a lower bound on the integrality gap of the Goemans–Linial semidefinite relaxation of the sparsest cut problem.
A low-cost computer-based training simulator for waste water treatment plant operators

The increasing numbers of waste water treatment plants coupled with strict environmental legislation enacted over the last decade have resulted in a shortage of well-trained plant operators in this country. Unfortunately, there is an inherent time lag in responding to this need.
Metal-olivine associations and NiCo contents in two Apollo 12 mare basalts

Olivine crystals in mare basalts 12004,8 and 12022,12 are normally zoned with Cr-poor rims. The Ni content of rare 2- to 10-micron metal inclusions in olivine decreases markedly as Fe/Mg in their immediate olivine hosts increases. Each metal grain appears to have been enclosed by late olivine almost immediately after it crystallized. The fractionation trend for the olivine and metal contrasts with the subsolidus equilibration trend for pallasites. For the basalts, not even local equilibrium of Fe, Ni and Co at metal/olivine interfaces can be detected by microprobe. Ni and Co concentrations range from about 300 ppm in olivine cores to about 70 ppm in rims. The limits of detection, at 95% confidence, are 36 ppm (Ni) and 25 ppm (Co). The distribution of Ni and Co in olivine, like that of Mg and Cr, records the depletion of these elements in the melt.
Digitalislike circulating factor in hypertension: potential messenger between salt balance and intracellular sodium.

Sodium chloride has no clearly established local direct action on blood vessels to produce constriction; on the contrary, it has an immediate local indirect action via osmolality, which produces vasodilation. Thus in order to explain salt-induced hypertension, a delayed remote indirect vasoconstrictor action must be postulated. This indirect vasoconstrictor action is apparently the result of volume expansion. Acute volume expansion imparts three physiologic properties to the plasma; these are the ability to inhibit Na,K-ATPase and the Na−K pump, to cause natriuresis, and to sensitize blood vessels to vasoconstrictor agents. Similarly, lowrenin, volume-expanded hypertension endows the plasma with the capacity to inhibit the Na,K-ATPase pump, to sensitize blood vessels to vasoconstrictor agents, and to raise blood pressure. These properties apparently result from a circulating digitalislike substance(s), perhaps derived from the hypothalamus and/or adrenals. We here review the considerable effort expended in identifying the agent or agents, and conclude that both steroidal and peptidic structure must be considered. Regardless of its structure, we hypothesize that when sodium excretion does not keep pace with sodium intake, its release leads to increased contractile activity of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle and hence hypertension. Inhibition of the Na−K pump increases the intracellular sodium concentration, particularly when superimposed on genetic- or aldosterone-induced increased sodium permeability, resulting in depolarization and increased calcium influx (vascular smooth muscle) or altered Na+−Ca2+ exchange and decreased calcium efflux (heart muscle). The increased intracellular calcium concentration then accounts for the increased contractile activity. Depolarization may also increase the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor agents such as norepinephrine. There may also be more norepinephrine in the neuromuscular cleft since norepinephrine uptake into adrenergic nerve terminals decreases with Na,K-ATPase inhibition.
Test methodology for the geostar correlator

Proposed approaches to the NRC Earth Science Decadal Survey's Precipitation, All-Weather Temperature, and Humidity (PATH) mission involving synthetic aperture arrays require massively parallel, high speed correlators implemented on a geostationary satellite platform. We present testing methodology for a coarse digital correlator chip using a low-power ASIC architecture. The chip was designed in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of the University of Michigan. These tests precede the integration of the chip into a Geostationary Synthetic Thinned Aperture Array (GeoSTAR) instrument prototype in development at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Assignment of signals of the carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectrum of a selected polysaccharide: Comments on methodology

Abstract The mannan from Rhodotorula glutinis contains alternate (1→3)- and (1→4)- linked β- D -mannopyranose residues (1) and its carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectrum displays 12 signals. These were assigned in terms of the positions of their parent nuclei in the sugar rings [but not whether the signals arose from a (1→3)- or (1→4)-linked residue] by preparation of D -mannans from specifically deuterated D -glucoses and observation of α- and β-deuterium isotope-effects. Individual assignments could then be made for carbon atoms of each unit by using the spectra of known oligo- and polysaccharides. The signal displacements of certain 13C nuclei observed on O-methylation were compared with those obtained on O-mannosylation in order to determine whether methyl ethers could be used as model compounds for signal assignments in spectra of mannose-containing polysaccharides. The displacements observed were in the same direction and of a similar order of magnitude. An assessment is made of the use of the various techniques in assigning signals of polysaccharides and their possible interpretation in terms of chemical structure.
Organic Phosphorus Compounds. Part 64 synthesis of 4,6-dimethylamino-2-cyclohexyl-2H-1,3,5,2-Pv-thiadiazaphosphorin-2-thione†

In the reaction of cyclohexylmonothiophosphonic anhydride, [C6H11P(S)O]3, with dimethylcyanamide not the expected 2H-1,3,5,2-Pv-thiadiazaphosphorin-2-oxide derivative is formed, but the corresponding thione derivative, the title compound, is obtained.
Radiation patterns of unintentional antennas: Estimates, simulations, and measurements

Electronic devices designed for purposes other than transmitting and receiving electromagnetic fields can act as unintentional antennas. Measurement methods are needed to characterize these antennas for electromagnetic compatibility tests; however, the rigor of precision antenna measurements is typically too costly and time consuming for electromagnetic compatibility applications. Alternate approaches are needed. This paper presents analytical estimates for the directivity of unintentional antennas based on the assumption that unintentional antennas will only randomly (and not coherently) excite the available propagating spherical modes at a given frequency. This directivity estimate is then compared to simulated and measured data. Good agreement is shown. Directivity estimates combined with simple total radiated power measurements represent a useful alternative to direct antenna measurements for electromagnetic compatibility tests.
Imputation strategies for blood pressure data nonignorably missing due to medication use

Background Underlying or untreated blood pressure (BP) is often an outcome of interest, but is unobservable when study participants are on anti-hypertensive medications. Untreated levels are not missing at random but would be higher among those on such medication. In such cases, standard methods of analysis may lead to bias.Purpose BPs obtained at the private physician's office (out-of-study BPs) at the time of prescription of anti-hypertensive medications were available from Phase II of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) and were used to adjust for the potential bias.Methods Observed out-of-study BPs were used to estimate the conditional expectation and variance of the unobserved unmedicated study BPs. For those with no physician data, imputation from bootstrap samples of out-of-study BPs was used. An iterative method based on the EM algorithm was used to estimate the unknown study parameters in a random-effects model using multiple imputations. This was compared to an alternative model for the...
MANIPULATED SYNCHRONIZATION: BEAM STEERING IN PHASED ARRAYS

We consider a relatively new application of mutually interacting, synchronized oscillators. The idea is to intentionally introduce variations among the elements to induce phase shifts between the oscillators. Though often unwanted, in certain instances these phase shifts are highly desirable: We discuss how to manipulate array parameters in order to steer and scan the beam emanating from radiating arrays.
Not just another BI: Faculty-librarian collaboration to guide students through the research process

Abstract Many students assigned independent research investigations as class projects do not recognize the role that library research plays in project development. They often have trouble applying their basic library skills to a more sophisticated review of the literature and relating their own survey data to published research. In order to coordinate research guidance for a senior-level class at the University of Delaware, a library instruction session was expanded into a program of continuous faculty-librarian support for students completing the class project. A flow chart of project steps was modified successfully to include opportunities for instructor and librarian consultations and checkpoints for problem identification.
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema in Fatal and Nonfatal Head Injuries

Impaired pulmonary function is a frequent but poorly understood complication of acute head injury (HI). A potential early contributor to the pulmonary dysfunction seen in HI patients is neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). We hypothesized that NPE would occur early after HI and that it would have a continuum of clinical severity depending on the severity of the HI and associated intracranial hypertension. A large autopsy data base and inpatient HI data base were used to search for cases of NPE. Patients in the autopsy data base were stratified according to injury type and whether they died at the scene or within 96 hours of injury. There were significant (p < 0.0001, analysis of variance) elevations in lung weights in patients dying at the scene and within 96 hours from HI, compared with those dying from other noncentral nervous system injuries. No other organs studied showed significant weight increases. The incidence of NPE in isolated HI patients dying at the scene was 32%. In patients with isolated HI dying within 96 hours, the incidence of NPE was 50%. We found an inverse correlation (r = 0.62; p < 0.0014) between the initial cerebral perfusion pressure and the PaO2/FIO2 ratio despite a normal-appearing chest x-ray film. We conclude that NPE occurs frequently in HI patients. The process of edema formation begins early in the clinical course and is isolated to the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhancement of Hydrogen Insertion into Carbon Interlayers by Surface Catalytic Poisoning

The well-known phenomenon that the adsorption of catalytic poisons can promote H electrosorption into metal electrodes is demonstrated on carbon electrodes for the first time. The use of a small amount of thiourea in the KOH electrolyte as a catalytic poison can substantially enhance the H insertion into the carbon interlayer. The mechanism of such a promotion of H insertion by the catalytic poison is proposed. The adsorbed thiourea interferes with the H + H recombination, thus the competitive hydrogen evolution step is discriminated against in favor of H insertion into the carbon interlayer. The increase of current efficiency for H insertion is the supporting evidence for such a mechanism. ac impedance and equivalent circuits are also used to investigate the surface phenomena and proton diffusion. Evidently, although the thiourea stays on the surface during reduction, the electrosorbed thiourea may become oxidized and desorbed from the surface at the oxidation overpotential. It is demonstrated that the s...
Development of a Polyol Cured, Ferric Acetylacetonate Catalyzed Polybutadiene Urethane Adhesive

A polyol cured, ferric acetylacetonate catalyzed poly butadiene based elastomer, designated EN-8, was developed which was curable at room temperature, bonded well to aluminum and was com patible with explosives that did not contain aromatic nitro groups. The working life of this formulation could be lengthened considerably by use of acetylacetone as an inhibitor which allowed its use in certain potting applications where elevated temperature cures were prohibited.
Visual type inference

We describe a type-inference algorithm that is based on labeling nodes with type information in a graph that represents type constraints. This algorithm produces the same results as the famous algorithm of Milner, but is much simpler to use, which is of importance especially for teaching type systems and type inference. The proposed algorithm employs a more concise notation and yields inferences that are shorter than applications of the traditional algorithm. Simplifications result, in particular, from three facts: (1) We do not have to maintain an explicit type environment throughout the algorithm because the type environment is represented implicitly through node labels. (2) The use of unification is simplified through label propagation along graph edges. (3) The typing decisions in our algorithm are dependency-driven (and not syntax-directed), which reduces notational overhead and bookkeeping.
Five-chlorodeoxycytidine and biomodulators of its metabolism result in fifty to eighty percent cures of advanced EMT-6 tumors when used with fractionated radiation.

Purpose : To extend our findings in previous radiation and biochemical studies with five rodent tumors, in which we used one and occasionally two or three irradiations. The extent of control of the EMT-6 mammary adenocarcinoma was determined using fractionated radiation (12 irradiations) over a 3-week period using the radiosensitizer 5-chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (Cldc) and biomodulators of its metabolism : N-(Phosphon-acetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), tetrahydrouridine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (FdC). Methods and Materials : Mammary adenocarcinoma EMT-6 tumors implanted 1 week prior to therapy in BALB/c mice were subjected to single daily doses of focused radiation, not exceeding a total of 60 Gy, on days 2-5 of each week. N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) was administered on the first day of therapy. Five-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine and CldC were administered in the morning and afternoon, respectively, of the next 2 days, and CldC was administered on the fourth day. Tetrahydrouridine was always coadministered with FdC or CldC. Drug and radiation treatments overlapped for 3 weeks. Results : Fifty to 80% cures (usually 70%) were obtained with no apparent morbidity and the same moderate weight loss that occurs with radiation alone. Neither tumor regrowth delay nor cures were obtained with drugs or radiation alone. An apparent threefold dose increase effect was obtained with the end point : days to reach 4 times initial tumor volume. Increasing the radiation dose threefold (without drugs) resulted in four out of five deaths ; increasing the dose twofold (without drugs) resulted in extensive weight loss and hair loss in the entire ventral area and no cures. Increasing the dose of drugs or radiation 1.5-fold, in the complete protocol, did not result in increased morbidity. Comparative studies with Iododeoxyuridine demonstrate the heightened efficacy of Cldc. Conclusions : One cannot achieve the same results obtained with CldC and the modulators by merely increasing the dose of radiation. There is a significant window of safety in this approach. The evidence we have obtained with EMT-6, the fifth rodent tumor we have studied with CldC, as well as the demonstrated and proposed reasons for its superior efficacy over 5-Iododeoxyuridine (and 5-Bromodeoxyuridine), drugs in current use, indicate that CldC will allow more aggressive treatment of human tumors with radiation than is now feasible.
Processes in KaffeOS: isolation, resource management, and sharing in java

Single-language runtime systems, in the form of Java virtual machines, are widely deployed platforms for executing untrusted mobile code. These runtimes provide some of the features that operating systems provide: inter-application memory protection and basic system services. They do not, however, provide the ability to isolate applications from each other, or limit their resource consumption. This paper describes KaffeOS, a Java runtime system that provides these features. The KaffeOS architecture takes many lessons from operating system design, such as the use of a user/kernel boundary, and employs garbage collection techniques, such as write barriers.The KaffeOS architecture supports the OS abstraction of a process in a Java virtual machine. Each process executes as if it were run in its own virtual machine, including separate garbage collection of its own heap. The difficulty in designing KaffeOS lay in balancing the goals of isolation and resource management against the goal of allowing direct sharing of objects. Overall, KaffeOS is no more than 11% slower than the freely available JVM on which it is based, which is an acceptable penalty for the safety that it provides. Because of its implementation base, KaffeOS is substantially slower than commercial JVMs for trusted code, but it clearly outperforms those JVMs in the presence of denial-of-service attacks or misbehaving code.
Medial sphenoid ridge meningiomas: classification, microsurgical anatomy, operative nuances, and long-term surgical outcome in 35 consecutive patients.

OBJECTIVE On the basis of contemporary multiplanar imaging, microsurgical observations, and long-term follow-up in 60 consecutive patients with sphenoid ridge meningiomas, we propose a modification to Cushing's classification of these tumors. This article will concentrate on patients from this series with global medial sphenoid ridge tumors. METHODS Data were collected prospectively for 35 patients with global meningiomas arising from the medial portion of the sphenoid ridge that were surgically treated between 1982 and 2002. RESULTS All patients were followed for the entire length of this study (mean, 12.8 yr). The tumor size ranged from 2 to 8 cm (mean, 4.5 cm). Of the 24 patients with purely intradural tumors, four (17%) had Simpson Grade I and 19 had Simpson Grade II resections; 23 (96%) had gross total resections. Of the 11 patients with tumors extending extradurally (i.e., cavernous sinus), one (9%) patient had a Simpson Grade II resection, whereas nine (82%) had Simpson Grade III resections, with the latter being all visible tumor removed except that in the cavernous sinus. One (9%) of these 11 patients had a gross total resection, and 9 (82%) had radical resections, with the latter defined as total removal of all intradural tumor. The overall morbidity rate was 18%. There was no surgical mortality or symptomatic cerebral infarction. CONCLUSION An accurate classification of global medial sphenoid meningiomas is mandatory to gain insight into their clinical behavior and for understanding the long-term efficacy and safety of available treatment options. Primary medial sphenoid ridge tumors consistently involve the unilateral arteries of the anterior cerebral circulation, and therefore, the resection of tumor from around these arteries is the most important operative nuance for their safe excision.
Defining an acceptable period of time from melanoma biopsy to excision

Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer and it is the second most common cancer among adolescents and young adults. The aim of this work is to determine if surgical intervals differ between four different clinics and between departments within the hospitals, and to compare these to industry standards. Surgical intervals were measured through retrospective chart review at four dermatology clinics. Of 205 melanoma cases, clinic and departmental median surgical intervals ranged 15-36.5 days and 26-48 days, respectively. There was significant association between clinic and time between biopsy and pathology report, time between pathology report and excision, and total surgical interval (P<0.0001, P=0.03, and P<0.0001 respectively). There was significant association between department and time between pathology report and excision, and surgical interval (P<0.0001, and P=0.003 respectively). Pair-wise comparisons detected significantly longer intervals between some clinics and departments (maximum difference 67.3%, P<0.0001). Hypothesis-based, informal guidelines recommend treatment within 4-6 weeks. In this study, median surgical intervals varied significantly between clinics and departments, but nearly all were within a 6-week frame.
Distribution of antibodies to the troponin complex, troponin-C and troponin-I in chicken skeletal muscle as determined by a simplified method for immuno-electron microscopy

Antisera against the troponin complex, troponin-C and troponin-I have been utilized to locate these proteins in normal, adult chicken skeletal muscle and in filaments prepared from chicken acetone dried powder. The antisera had been previously characterized by immunochemical methods and were employed to ascertain the distribution of the proteins by a simple method for immuno-electron microscopy. Glycerinated chicken breast muscle was treated with the antisera, unreacted antibody was washed from the muscle, and a goat anti-rabbit γ-globulin was added to enhance the electron density of the antigen-antibody complexes. A periodic distribution of anti-troponin-C at a mean interval of 389 A was observed along the thin filaments in the sectioned tissue. Anti-troponin-I was deposited every 399 A (P < 0.01). Thin filaments were prepared from acetone dried powder and reacted with the antisera. The anti-troponin-C was located every 386 A; anti-troponin-I, every 399 A (P < 0.01). Our technique for immuno-electron microscopy is compared with that used by others, and the significance of the findings is discussed.
Polyimide-silica microcomposite films

Planarizing films of fine-grained silica embedded in polyimide have been prepared by a spincoating technique and their structure has been investigated by optical and electron microscopy. The films were found to be diphasic. A silica content near 9 vol% yields a well mixed silica/polyimide composite which is homogeneous down to nanometre scale and has good planarization characteristics. Films with contents of 3 and 6 vol% silica have rough surfaces and exhibit two forms of segregation. In the 3% case, elongated inclusions of such silica/polyimide material appear at ∼ 100-μm islands in a pure polyimide matrix. In the 6% case, the pure polyimide appears as ∼ 100-μm elongated lakes surrounded by silica/polyimide material.
The intrinsic pitch of cholesteryl nonanoate

Abstract The cholesteric pitch of mixtures of cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl chloride has been measured as a function of temperature and concentration. The results are extrapolated to yield the intrinsic pitch of pure cholester nonanoate and its temperature coefficient. It is argued that this knowledge of the intrinsic pitch is important in analyzing the pitch divergence near the smectic-A transition.
Patient autonomy, paternalism, and the conscientious physician

This paper concerns itself with the concept of diminished competence with particular regard to the problems and options that mentally compromised patients raise for medical management. It proceeds through three general stages: (1) a restatement of the sense and grounds of the new patients' rights ethos which the existence of such patients calls into question; (2) a consideration of what expanded responsibilities and tactics physicians should embrace to protect and enhance such patients' autonomy; and (3) the standards, criteria, and mechanisms by which paternalistic interventions might be justified in cases when the diminishment remains too substantial to merit acceptance of the patients' directives.
Aortic dissection: CT features that distinguish true lumen from false lumen

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine which CT findings are reliable indicators of the true or false lumen in an aortic dissection. Conclusion The beak sign and a larger cross-sectional area were the most useful indicators of the false lumen for both acute and chronic dissections. Features generally indicative of the true lumen included outer wall calcification and eccentric flap calcification. In cases showing one lumen wrapping around the other lumen in the aortic arch, the inner lumen was invariably the true lumen.
Original dip and subsequent modification of a Cordilleran detachment fault, Mojave extensional belt, California

Determinations of the original dip of the Newberry Mountains detachment fault of the early Miocene Mojave extensional belt, taken from fission-track thermochronology, geologic observations, and the most reasonable values for the early Miocene geothermal gradient, support two general models: (1) a two-segment fault consisting of a moderately dipping upper segment (≤30°-41°) and a lower, shallowly dipping (≤15°-19°) segment, and (2) a single-segment fault that formed at an angle of <20°-27°. However, a steeper dip (≥45°) for the entire fault is feasible only if the geothermal gradient was low (≤13°/km) prior to extension. Fission-track thermochronology data may also better determine the temperature conditions of the detachment during dip modification caused by footwall unloading. The change from an original higher dip to the present low-angle and arched geometry occurred at low temperatures (<∼175 °C).
Gènes et anévrysmes de l’aorte abdominale

L'anevrysme de l'aorte abdominale (AAA) est une maladie multifactorielle avec une composante genetique forte. Depuis que les premieres etudes genetiques ont ete publiees il y a 20 ans, approximativement 100 etudes genetiques d'association employant des polymorphismes de nucleotide simples (PNS) dans les genes biologiquement appropries ont ete rapportees sur les AAA. Ces etudes ont etudie les PNS des genes de la matrice extracellulaire, du systeme cardio-vasculaire, du systeme immunitaire, et des voies de signal. Tres peu d'etudes etaient assez larges pour tirer des conclusions fermes et tres peu de resultats pourraient etre repetes sur un autre temoin. Les approches impartiales plus recentes sont des etudes de lien familial d'ADN et des etudes genetique d'association du genome, qui ont le potentiel d'identifier la base genetique pour l'AAA seulement quand de grandes cohortes d'AAA de puissance suffisante et bien caracterisees sont employees. Les PNS associe aux AAA ont ete deja identifies dans ces grandes etudes multicentriques. Une association significative etait d'une variante d'un gene appele contactin-3, qui est situe sur le chromosome 3p12,3. Cependant, deux etudes de s u ivi n'ont pas pu retrouver cette association. Deux autres PNS, qui sont situes sur le chromosome 9p21 et 9q33, ont ete retrouvees dans d'autres echantillons. Les deux genes avec les preuves a l'appui les plus fortes de la contribution au risque genetique d'AAA sont le gene de CDKN2BAS, egalement connu sous le nom d'ANRIL, qui code un acide ribonucletique antisens qui regle l'expression des inhibiteurs de kinase cycline-dependants CDKN2A et CDKN2B, et DAB2IP, qui code un inhibiteur de croissance et de survie de cellules. Des etudes fonctionnelles sont maintenant necessaires pour etablir les mecanismes par lesquels ces genes contribuent a la pathogenie des AAA.
Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with Crohn's disease define a clinical subgroup

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been consistently detected in a subgroup of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This study was designed to determine whether serum ANCA expression in patients with CD characterizes an identifiable clinical subgroup. METHODS: The study population consisted of 69 consecutive patients with an established diagnosis of CD as determined by a combination of characteristic clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, and histopathologic criteria. Sera from the patients were analyzed for the presence of ANCAs using the fixed neutrophil enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. Perinuclear ANCA (pANCA)-positive and cytoplasmic ANCA (cANCA)-positive results by ELISA were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Clinical profiles of the ANCA- positive patients with CD were compared with those of patients with CD not expressing ANCA (ANCA-negative). RESULTS: pANCA-positive patients with CD have endoscopically and/or histopathologically documented left- sided colitis and symptoms of left-sided colonic inflammation, clinically reflected by rectal bleeding and mucus discharge, urgency, and treatment with topical agents. One hundred percent of patients with CD expressing pANCA had "UC-like" features. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CD, serum pANCA expression characterizes a UC-like clinical phenotype. Stratification of CD by serum pANCA provides evidence of heterogeneity within CD and suggests a common intestinal mucosal inflammatory process among a definable subgroup of patients with CD and UC expressing this marker. (Gastroenterology 1996 Jun;110(6):1810-9)
Third international nanomedicine and drug delivery symposium

The University of Maryland–Baltimore’s (UMB’s) Center for Nanomedicine and Cellular Delivery (CNCD) (www.pharmacy.umaryland.edu/nanomedicine), located in the School of Pharmacy, hosted the Third International Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Symposium on September 26–27, 2005. Organized collectively by Hamid Ghandehari (UMB), Alexander Kabanov (University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nabraska), and Kalle Levon (Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY), the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–funded symposium attracted more than 150 multidisciplinary researchers from 10 countries who discussed issues in nanomedicine represented by the convergence of nanotechnology, biology, and medicine. bThe focus of the symposium was on recent advances in nanomedicine with an emphasis on the delivery of bioactive agents for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes using polymeric biomaterials,Q said Hamid Ghandehari, director of the new center that celebrated its grand opening September 20, formally initiating a new and unique multidisciplinary research environment based in the School of Pharmacy. Founded in March 2005, the CNCD spans two University of Maryland campuses, as well as five schools and
Excitation of ion-acoustic turbulence and its role in auroral processes at Freja altitude

The Freja spacecraft wave experiment provides data on solitary kinetic Alfven wave structures co-located with ion acoustic like turbulence observed in the auroral zone. These structures are electromagnetic in nature with a transverse scale size of nearly 1 km. The scale length is of the order of the electron inertial length in the auroral zone. The typical ExBy ratio associated with the wave events is of the order of the inertial Alfven speed. The SKAW events are often associated with broadband emissions identified as O+ and H+ ion-acoustic waves. Following the Vlasov-Maxwell formalism, the mechanism of the excitation of the ionacoustic turbulence by the auroral electrons is examined. These electrons are accelerated by the parallel electric field associated with the SKAW structures. Conditions for the unstable growth of the ion acoustic mode are calculated. I show that the conditions favourable to the unstable growth of these waves do exist in the auroral region. I also calculate the heating rate of auroral plasmas due to the anomalous resistivity effects resulting from ion-acoustic turbulence.
New Insights into Mechanisms of Neuronal Damage in the Developing Brain

Hypoxia-ischemia, hypoglycemia, and status epilepticus damage specific regions in the developing brain. The factors which determine selective neuronal vulnerability have remained obscure but recent re
Power Control in Wireless Cellular Networks

Transmit power in wireless cellular networks is a key degree of freedom in the management of interference, energy, and connectivity. Power control in both the uplink and downlink of a cellular network has been extensively studied, especially over the last 15 years, and some of the results have enabled the continuous evolution and significant impact of the digital cellular technology. This survey provides a comprehensive discussion of the models, algorithms, analysis, and methodologies in this vast and growing literature. It starts with a taxonomy of the wide range of power control problem formulations, and progresses from the basic formulation to more sophisticated ones. When transmit power is the only set of optimization variables, algorithms for fixed SIR are presented first, before turning to their robust versions and joint SIR and power optimization. This is followed by opportunistic and non-cooperative power control. Then joint control of power together with beamforming pattern, base station assignment, spectrum allocation, and transmit schedule is surveyed\break one-by-one. Throughout the survey, we highlight the use of mathematical language and tools in the study of power control, including optimization theory, control theory, game theory, and linear algebra. Practical implementations of some of the algorithms in operational networks are discussed in the concluding section. As illustrated by the open problems presented at the end of most chapters, in the area of power control in cellular networks, there are still many under-explored directions and unresolved issues that remain theoretically challenging and practically important..
Lactococcus Genus: A selective and Differential Agar Medium

An agar medium (Alsan), was selective for Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis. The former developed white or yellow colonies; the latter gave blue-green or blue colonies. Eleven strains of L. lactis subsp. cremoris did not grow in this medium. The medium contained phenylethanol agar, lactose, glycine anhydride, lithium chloride and trimethoprim. In comparison with M17 medium, Alsan was not significantly different (P > 0.05) in recovering either bacterium. Furthermore, the medium inhibited the common food genera Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus. Bacteriophage plaque sizes of 0.4–0.5 cm were demonstrated on the medium using a lactococcal bacteriophage.
Finding good in the bad and vice versa.

Donald Kennedy's Editorial “Good news—and bad” (13 Jan., p. [145][1]) on the intelligent design Dover, Pennsylvania, court decision and the South Korean stem cell scandal overlooks some of the bad news in the good and the good news in the bad. The fraud perpetrated by at least some members of
Transatrial atrioventricular valve testing in the beating, fully loaded heart

A detailed technique is described to safely inspect visually the function of the atrioventricular (mitral, common atrioventricular, or tricuspid) valve in the beating, fully loaded, but not ejecting left or right ventricle. The heartbeat is reestablished while the ascending aorta is kept cross-clamped and air from the ascending aorta is vented out. The left or right ventricle is filled via a 6-mm internal diameter tube derived from the arterial return line. To allow filling of the right ventricle for tricuspid valve evaluation, the pulmonary artery is snared down in addition.
Leadership in an Academic Setting: A View From the Top

The role of a university president is becoming ever more complex, challenging, and demanding. Successful presidents have to wear multiple hats, be adept at a number of different job skills, and be willing to work very long hours. Providing insights and up-close experiences from his 23-year tenure as Kansas State University President, Jon Wefald provides an interesting and provocative Meet the Person discussion for the Journal of Management Inquiry readership.
Spatial prediction of caterpillar (Ormiscodes) defoliation in Patagonian Nothofagus forests

In the temperate forests of the southern Andes, southern beech species (Nothofagus), the dominant tree species of the region, experience severe defoliation caused by caterpillars of the Ormiscodes genus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Despite the recent increase in defoliation frequency in some areas, there is no quantitative information on the spatial extent and dynamics of these outbreaks. This study examines the spatial patterns of O. amphimone outbreaks in relation to landscape heterogeneity. We mapped defoliation events caused by O. amphimone in northern (ca. 40–41°S) and southern Patagonian (ca. 49°S) Nothofagus forests from Landsat imagery and analyzed their spatial associations with vegetation cover type, topography (elevation, slope angle, aspect) and mean annual precipitation using overlay analyses. We used these data and relationships to develop a logistic regression model in order to generate maps of predicted susceptibility to defoliation by O. amphimone for each study area. Forests of N. pumilio are typically more susceptible to O. amphimone outbreaks than lower elevation forests of other Nothofagus species (N. dombeyi and N. antarctica). Stands located at intermediate elevations and on gentle slopes (<15°) are also more susceptible to defoliation than higher and lower elevation stands located on high angle slopes. Stands in areas with intermediate to high precipitation, relative to the distribution of Nothofagus along the precipitation gradient, are more susceptible to O. amphimone attack than are drier areas. Our study represents the first mapping and spatial analysis of insect defoliator outbreaks in Nothofagus forests in South America.
Trityl tetraphenylborate as a reagent in organometallic chemistry

Abstract Trityl tetraphenylborate, prepared from trityl triflate and sodium tetraphenylborate, is shown to be a useful hydride and methyl anion abstraction reagent for organometallic compounds. It reacts with (η5-C5Me5)(PMe3)2RuMe to give the fulvene complex [η4-C5Me4CH2)(PMe3)2RuMe]BPh4, and with (η5-C5H5)2ZrMe2 in acetonitrile-d3 to afford the cationic methyl derivative [(η5-C5H5)2ZrMe(NCCD3)]BPh4.
Rail-to-rail voltage follower without feedback

A rail-to-rail voltage follower which is particularly suitable for driving a large MOS transistor (with a high gate capacitance) in feedback systems (op-amp applications, output stages of voltage regulators) is described. This structure does not have any feedback and allows simple designs to be obtained which have good dynamic performance, good stability and low quiescent current.
Enhancement of peritoneal macrophages reduces postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation

Postoperative adhesion formation results from a fibroproliferative inflammatory reaction. Macrophages are critical in the final resolution of the inflammatory process and tissue repair, including modulation of proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and secretion of neutral proteases like plasminogen activator. We, therefore, studied the influence of peritoneal macrophage enhancement on postoperative adhesion formation in five groups of rabbits. Group 1 was a control with normal peritoneum. Animals in group 2 had increased macrophage population in their peritoneum by intraperitoneal injection of protease peptone 3 days before adhesion induction. In group 3, animals were treated by protease peptone as in group 2 and then depleted of the increased macrophage population by peritoneal lavage before adhesion induction. In group 4 macrophages were transplanted from animals enriched as in group 2 into a nonenriched peritoneum at the time of adhesion induction. Group 5 had a normal peritoneum with peritoneal lavage before adhesion induction. Peritoneal adhesions were induced at laparotomy by repairing a peritoneal defect in two different models. It was found that enhancement of peritoneal macrophages by protease peptone reduced markedly the degree of postoperative adhesion formation. After depletion of the enhanced peritoneal macrophages by peritoneal lavage the degree of adhesion formation was equivalent to that of controls. Finally, macrophage transplantation into a nonenhanced macrophage peritoneum also reduced the degree of postoperative adhesion formation. It is concluded that enhancement of peritoneal macrophages reduces postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation.
Orientation Determination of Interfacial β-Sheet Structures in Situ

Structural information such as orientations of interfacial proteins and peptides is important for understanding properties and functions of such biological molecules, which play crucial roles in biological applications and processes such as antimicrobial selectivity, membrane protein activity, biocompatibility, and biosensing performance. The alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures are the most widely encountered secondary structures in peptides and proteins. In this paper, for the first time, a method to quantify the orientation of the interfacial beta-sheet structure using a combined attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopic (ATR-FTIR) and sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopic study was developed. As an illustration of the methodology, the orientation of tachyplesin I, a 17 amino acid peptide with an antiparallel beta-sheet, adsorbed to polymer surfaces as well as associated with a lipid bilayer was determined using the regular and chiral SFG spectra, together with polarized ATR-FTIR amide I signals. Both the tilt angle (theta) and the twist angle (psi) of the beta-sheet at interfaces are determined. The developed method in this paper can be used to obtain in situ structural information of beta-sheet components in complex molecules. The combination of this method and the existing methodology that is currently used to investigate alpha-helical structures will greatly broaden the application of optical spectroscopy in physical chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics, and structural biology.
Intercalary bone grafts for joint and limb preservation in 17 dogs with high-grade malignant tumors of the diaphysis.

Objective— To evaluate postoperative complications, limb function, and tumor control after intercalary resection and reconstruction for preservation of limb and joint function in dogs with high-grade malignant tumors of diaphyseal bone. Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Seventeen client-owned dogs. Methods— The bone tumor database and medical records were reviewed (1986–2002) for dogs with diaphyseal tumors treated with intercalary resection and reconstruction with either an allograft or irradiated autograft. Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, surgical management, and outcome were determined from medical records and telephone interviews with veterinarians and owners. Statistical analyses included χ2 to test associations between intra- and postoperative variables with complications, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for disease-free interval, metastasis-free interval (MFI), and median survival time. Results— Intercalary limb-sparing surgery was performed in 17 dogs with diaphyseal tumors: osteosarcoma (OSA) (15), histiocytic sarcoma (1), and solitary metastasis from a pulmonary adenocarcinoma (1). One dog was excluded from further analysis when the spared limb was amputated 4 days postoperatively because of incomplete tumor resection. In 16 dogs, limb function was good to excellent. Complications occurred in 5 dogs (31.3%) and included superficial infection in 2 dogs (12.5%) and implant failure in 4 dogs (25%). All implant failures occurred in the ulna and there was a significant association between implant failure and non-cemented allografts (P=.042). Non-union of 1 or both osteotomies was diagnosed in 10 dogs (83.3%) and, despite lack of clinical signs in all cases, was significantly associated with the use of intracavitary locally released cisplatin (P=.046) and cemented intercalary grafts (P=.046). Local tumor recurrence was diagnosed in 1 dog (6.3%) and metastatic disease in 12 dogs (75.0%), including 10 dogs with OSA. The median MFI was 137 days. The local disease-free and overall limb-salvage rate was 94% and 100%, respectively. Overall median survival time was 393 days and the median survival time for dogs with OSA was 449 days. Conclusion— Intercalary limb-sparing surgery results in better postoperative limb function with fewer and less severe complications than historical reports of dogs treated with non-intercalary limb-sparing surgery. Clinical Relevance— In dogs with diaphyseal tumors, intercalary limb-sparing surgery preserves normal joint function and results in good to excellent limb use with few complications and good local tumor control.
Wear problems in nuclear industry

In nuclear industry, several kinds of components or materials are subjected to wear phenomena. As the real system cannot be fully instrumented parameters regarding contact kinematics are not perfectly known. Mock up scale 1 and parametric tribometers are used to approach these phenomena. Initially, it is essential to be able to observe worn parts taken from reality or very similar system. It is then considered essential to research on the exact conditions of the encountered and to isolate them. To be representative of the effectively activated wear mode, the tests will have to feature similar wear kinetics and aspects (including shape and dimension). The damage survey is the key point in order to be realistic for improving solutions.
Statistical Properties of Relative Weight Distributions of Four Salmonid Species and Their Sampling Implications

Abstract We assessed relative weight (Wr ) distributions among 291 samples of stock-to-quality-length brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, brown trout Salmo trutta, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cutthroat trout O. clarki from lentic and lotic habitats. Statistics describing Wr sample distributions varied slightly among species and habitat types. The average sample was leptokurtotic and slightly skewed to the right with a standard deviation of about 10, but the shapes of Wr distributions varied widely among samples. Twenty-two percent of the samples had nonnormal distributions, suggesting the need to evaluate sample distributions before applying statistical tests to determine whether assumptions are met. In general, our findings indicate that samples of about 100 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to obtain confidence interval widths of four Wr units around the mean. Power analysis revealed that samples of about 50 stock-to-quality-length fish are needed to detect a 2% change in mean Wr at a re...
Business: trends in future Web designs: what's next for the HCI professional?

One thing is certain—the amount of information available on the Web continues to grow at a dizzying pace. For a Web site to add significant value to the user, it must provide an overview of accessible information to all users of varying Web expertise. This article attempts to outline many of the new interaction trends for information management that can now be observed on the World Wide Web. This overview was prepared with an eye toward attempting to ferret out research techniques and methods that might be most advantageous to a HCI (human–computer interaction) professional working on future Web designs.