cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fat Metabolism in Higher Plants. VII. β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids by Peanut Mitochondria.

The concept of /^-oxidation of fatty acids has been well documented in animal tissues. In 1943 Munoz and Leloir (12) prepared cell-free systems from rat liver that oxidized butyric acid to C02 and water. Kennedy and Lehninger (10) later showed that the site of fatty acid oxidation is the mitochondrion. Green and his co-workers (15) and Lynen (11) prepared soluble enzymes from acetone powders of liver mitochondria and demonstrated the individual steps involved in ?-oxidation of short and long chain saturated fatty acids. Until recently, little information was available to support the concept of ^-oxidation in plants. A large number of plant mitochondrial preparations have been tested for fatty acid oxidation with little if any success. However, support for the concept of the C2 fragment as the basic unit in fatty acid breakdown or synthesis in plants is now becoming apparent. Thus in 1953, Newcomb and Stumpf (13) showed that slices of cotyledons from both the developing and the germinating peanut readily oxidized acetate1-C14, butyrate-1-C14, and other radioactively labeled substrates to respiratory C1402, and that acetate was the most effective substrate of several tested for the synthesis of long chain saturated fatty acids. Gibble and Kurtz (5) have demonstrated that, in the utilization of acetate-1-C14 for the synthesis of long chain acids by immature flax fruit, the odd numbered carbon atoms of the fatty acid were highly radioactive whereas the even numbered carbon atoms were of low activity. In in vivo experiments with flax seedlings Fawcett et al (4) showed that when ?-phenoxyacids were supplied to the seedlings through their roots, only the acids with an even number of side chain m?thyl?ne groups gave rise to appreciable amounts of phenol, whereas those with an odd number of m?thyl?ne groups gave rise only to traces of phenol. The results were fully consistent with the idea that the side chains were degraded by ^-oxidation. Wain and Wightman (15) have extended this work to show that only those chloro derivatives of phenoxyaliphatic carboxylic acids which have side chains with an even number of carbon atoms (butyric, caproic, etc.) have herbicidal properties in plants like nettle, whereas those compounds with either propionic or valeric side chains are inert. These observations strongly suggest a ^-oxidation of the side chains of the phenoxy acids. This paper presents evidence that mitochondria obtained from cotyledons of germinating peanuts participate in the ?-oxidation of a large number of saturated fatty acids. In sharp contrast to liver mitochondria which require only ATP, Mg, a TCA cycle acid, and cytochrome c, the peanut mitochondria require ATP, CoA, DPN, TPN, Mn, a TCA cycle acid, and GSH for maximum activity.
A practical computational framework for the multidimensional moment-constrained maximum entropy principle

The maximum entropy principle is a versatile tool for evaluating smooth approximations of probability density functions with a least bias beyond given constraints. In particular, the moment-based constraints are often a common prior information about a statistical state in various areas of science, including that of a forecast ensemble or a climate in atmospheric science. With that in mind, here we present a unified computational framework for an arbitrary number of phase space dimensions and moment constraints for both Shannon and relative entropies, together with a practical usable convex optimization algorithm based on the Newton method with an additional preconditioning and robust numerical integration routine. This optimization algorithm has already been used in three studies of predictability, and so far was found to be capable of producing reliable results in one- and two-dimensional phase spaces with moment constraints of up to order 4. The current work extensively references those earlier studies as practical examples of the applicability of the algorithm developed below.
Separation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in Plasma and Purification of the Larger Molecular Weight Species*

Methods were developed for purification of the high mol wt (150K) insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein and its acid stable (70K) component from human plasma. High mol wt IGF-binding protein was highly purified by chromatography of Cohn IV-1 fraction of human plasma on Concanavalin A-Sepharose followed by chromatography on IGFI-Sepharose. The acid-stable component of the high mol wt IGF-binding protein was purified to near homogeneity by chromatography of Cohn IV-1 fraction of human plasma on Con-A Sepharose, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-50 at pH 2.5 and subsequent chromatography on IGF-I-Sepharose. Both fractions obtained after IGF-I-Sepharose chromatography were capable of binding [125I]IGF-I and gave a single protein band of 79,000 mol wt, when subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Coomassie blue staining), suggesting that the large mol wt species may be a dimer of identical or iso-mol wt subunits. Three minor contaminants of less than 5% each we...
Stability of Recombinant Consensus Interferon to Air‐Jet and Ultrasonic Nebulization

The stability of recombinant consensus α‐interferon (rConIFN) to air‐jet and ultrasonic nebulization was evaluated. Volumes of 10 mL of 0.5mg/mL rConIFN in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at pH 6.3 were nebulized with a Collison three‐jet nebulizer at 40 psig (10 L/min) for up to 25 min. The effects of pH (3.0, 6.3, and 9.0), additive (0.1% w/v Tween 80, 0.1% w/v Tween 20, and 1% w/v PEG 8000), and ionic strength (0, 0.25, and 1.0) were examined. The effects of ultrasonic nebulization were studied using three devices (DeVilbiss “Aerosonic”; Mountain Medical “Microstat”, and Medix “Easimist”). Stability of rConIFN was assessed by size exclusion chromatography and native and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Structural effects were examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy and bioactivity was assessed by an in vitro mitogenic inhibition bioassay. rConIFN is destabilized by air‐jet nebulization. Insoluble noncovalent aggregates are produced rapidly, and only ≈ 25% of the initial monomeric protein remains after 25 min of nebulization. This correlates with a decrease in in vitro bioactivity. Aggregation during nebulization is influenced by pH (9.0 25% aggregation is observed. Ionic strength does not appear to influence aggregation. rConIFN is also seen to adhere to glass after nebulization. Samples from a rinse of the emptied reservoir with 0.1% w/v SDS, after thorough rinsing with water (three times), show a strong rConIFN band on SDS–PAGE gels. The use of PEG 8000 and Tween mitigate aggregate formation and adhesion (< 20%). The cumulative output collected as a wet or dry aerosol is not aggregated to the same extent as the residual protein remaining in the nebulizer. Ultrasonic nebulization also results in aggregation, but the extent of denaturation is dependent upon the nebulizer used and is related to the heating of nebulizer solutions. Cooling of the nebulizer solution during operation (< 30 °C) minimizes aggregation (< 5%), and bioactivity is retained.
The role of amphibian antimicrobial peptides in protection of amphibians from pathogens linked to global amphibian declines

Amphibian species have experienced population declines and extinctions worldwide that are unprecedented in recent history. Many of these recent declines have been linked to a pathogenic skin fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, or to iridoviruses of the genus Ranavirus. One of the first lines of defense against pathogens that enter by way of the skin are antimicrobial peptides synthesized and stored in dermal granular glands and secreted into the mucus following alarm or injury. Here, I review what is known about the capacity of amphibian antimicrobial peptides from diverse amphibians to inhibit B. dendrobatidis or ranavirus infections. When multiple species were compared for the effectiveness of their in vitro antimicrobial peptides defenses against B. dendrobatidis, non-declining species of rainforest amphibians had more effective antimicrobial peptides than species in the same habitat that had recently experienced population declines. Further, there was a significant correlation between the effectiveness of the antimicrobial peptides and resistance of the species to experimental infection. These studies support the hypothesis that antimicrobial peptides are an important component of innate defenses against B. dendrobatidis. Some amphibian antimicrobial peptides inhibit ranavirus infections and infection of human T lymphocytes by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An effective antimicrobial peptide defense against skin pathogens appears to depend on a diverse array of genes expressing antimicrobial peptides. The production of antimicrobial peptides may be regulated by signals from the pathogens. However, this defense must also accommodate potentially beneficial microbes on the skin that compete or inhibit growth of the pathogens. How this delicate balancing act is accomplished is an important area of future research.
High-Performance Concrete Designed to Enhance Durability of Bridge Decks: Oklahoma Experience

AbstractBridges are a vital link to the nation’s mobility and prosperity, and those bridges with inadequacies will need to be repaired or replaced as soon as possible. High-performance concrete (HPC) could be the most economical solution. What typically distinguishes HPC from conventional concrete (CC) is the wide variety of cements, supplementary cementitious materials, aggregates, chemical admixtures, and fibers in use. The purpose of this research project was to demonstrate the use of HPC in bridge decks in Oklahoma. HPC mixtures were designed with an optimum blend of three aggregates. With less voids between aggregate particles, the HPC mixtures contained less cement paste, approximately 24% by volume. Examined more than one year after construction, crack densities were less on HPC bridge decks than CC bridge decks. HPC mixtures with fly ash exhibited the best potential durability with crack densities less than 0.1 m/m2. The addition of fibers did not have an effect on crack density.
Disability Examinations: A Look at the Social Security Disability Income System

Disability income protection is an important part of a worker's safety net. U.S. workers who pay into Social Security are eligible for coverage under the federal government, and additional coverage is available in the free market. However, the costs to taxpayers and disability insurance policyholders are high, and a great deal of responsibility rests on the physician providing information on disability issues. A neutral attitude toward a patient requesting disability allows the physician to collect the facts regarding the patient's impairments. A history of the patient's work duties helps the examiner determine the basis for setting limitations or restrictions at work or home. The physician's knowledge base of treatment options assists in determining maximal medical improvement. Records released to the adjudicating body should contain a thorough history, pertinent physical findings, and a review of previous medical records, all of which are to be separated from the opinion of the examiner regarding specific limitations and restrictions. The physician should be aware of symptom magnification and depression as confounders to the patient's perception of disability.
Verbal learning and reinforcement: A reexamination of the Premack hypothesis

This study replicates a previous study which purportedly tested and confirmed the applicability of the Premack principle to verbal learning. Ninety male and female Ss learned paired associate (PA) lists (comprised of words of intermediate response probabilities) in which the response words were reinforced (i.e., immediately followed) by words of high, intermediate, or low probabilities. Word probabilities were obtained from two standard word count sources. As was anticipated, no differential effects of the probability of the “reinforcement” words were obtained, as measured by trials to criterion for learning the PA lists. The failure of this experiment to support this application of the Premack principle was attributed to inappropriate methodologies used in identifying word probabilities. An appropriate method for testing the Premack principle in a PA learning task was described.
Preparation and Properties of Difluorochlorates (ClO2F2)− and difluorobromates (BrO2F2)− of sodium, potassium and barium

Difluorochlorates and difluorobromates of sodium, potassium and barium are described. These compounds were prepared by dissolving the corresponding chlorates or bromates in 40% HF solution. Aus Losungen von Natrium-, Kalium-, Bariumchlorat und -bromat in 40proz. wasriger Flussaure wurden die entsprechenden Difluorochlorate und Difluorobromate isoliert.
Aristotle's view of a creator.

In his essay on Galen (“Logic, Learning, and Experimental Medicine,” Science 's Compass, 1 Feb., p. [800][1]), Vivian Nutton writes that “[Galen] was convinced, like Aristotle, that the body had been carefully designed by a provident and purposeful creator.” I find this statement misleading. Regardless of what Galen's views were, Aristotle did not believe in a provident and purposeful creator. Because for him the world had existed from eternity in the same basic form, there was no role for a creator. The God depicted in Book 12 of the Metaphysics spends his time happily thinking his own thoughts with no concern for the sublunary realm. Aristotle did believe that the body was organized to achieve certain functional goals, but for him this was a matter of the course of nature and not of conscious design. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1066244
Astrocyte-specific protein and neuroglial differentiation. An immunofluorescence study with antibodies to the glial fibrillary acidic protein.

The topographical features of the neuroglial network in the mature rat CNS and the differentiation of fibrous neuroglia in the neocortex and hippocampus have been studied by immunofluorescence using antibodies to the glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein. In the mature brain and spinal cord the distribution and appearance of neuroglia as observed with immunofluorescence were similar to those described by Weigert ('95) using his method for astrocytic fibers. In the developing rat immunofluorescence started to appear on the surface of the neocortex in the first week after birth. In 9-day-old rats a continuous external glial membrane had formed by immunofluorescence. Immunofluorescence of the perivascular glial membrane appeared later. Blood vessels completely surrounded by a fluorescent membrane were not observed in the middle cortical layers before the eighteenth day of life. An unexpected finding in the hippocampus was the sudden appearance in the 8-day-old rat of a radial system of immunofluorescent fibers crossing the granular layer and extending in the molecular layer. The radial fibers were still present in the adult rat. However, they became widely spaced and thus less prominent than in the immature animal. In fetal rats immunofluorescent fibers first appeared in the medial wall of the lateral ventricles on the eighteenth post-conceptionaly day. The radial system of glial fibers extending from the ventricles to the surface of the brain and characteristic of this stage of development was not stained by immunofluorescence.
The vectorcardiogram in the differential diagnosis of atrial septal defect in children.

Vectorcardiograms have been analyzed in 32 atrial septal defects of the secundum type and 23 endocardial cushion defects, as well as 6 patients in special groups. All but 1 patient in both major groups showed right ventricular hypertrophy, with clear-cut evidence of additional right bundle-branch block being present in only 3. The principal difference between ostium secundum and endocardial cushion defects consists in the loop being inferior in the former, superior in the latter. The direction of inscription in the frontal plane tends to be clockwise in the ostium secundum lesions, counterclockwise in the endocardial cushion group. The 6 patients in special groups could be readily distinguished from the 2 major groups with the use of the vectorcardiogram. The superior position of the vector loop (left axis deviation in the electrocardiogram) characteristic of endocardial cushion defects, is thought not to be secondary to left ventricular hypertrophy but rather to a congenital anomaly in the conduction sys...
Post partum aggression against intruding male conspecifics in sprague-dawley rats

Six independent groups of individually housed female rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were given a 5-min aggression test on Day 0 (day of parturition), 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 postpartum. Latency to attack male conspecifics differed reliably among groups, being shortest on Day 0. Significant group differences in frequency of aggressive acts were also found with a consistent reduction in all measures by the end of the second week of lactation. Although attack by females caused most male intruders to react defensively, 23% of intruders showed retaliatory attacks against females. The function of maternal aggression in protecting the pups from infanticide by unfamiliar males is discussed.
Fatigue Damage of Collagenous Tissues: Experiment, Modeling and Simulation Studies

Mechanical fatigue damage is a critical issue for soft tissues and tissue-derived materials, particularly for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular applications; yet, our understanding of the fatigue damage process is incomplete. Soft tissue fatigue experiments are often difficult and time-consuming to perform, which has hindered progress in this area. However, the recent development of soft-tissue fatigue-damage constitutive models has enabled simulation-based fatigue analyses of tissues under various conditions. Computational simulations facilitate highly controlled and quantitative analyses to study the distinct effects of various loading conditions and design features on tissue durability; thus, they are advantageous over complex fatigue experiments. Although significant work to calibrate the constitutive models from fatigue experiments and to validate predictability remains, further development in these areas will add to our knowledge of soft-tissue fatigue damage and will facilitate the design of durable treatments and devices. In this review, the experimental, modeling, and simulation efforts to study collagenous tissue fatigue damage are summarized and critically assessed.
Online Suboptimal Obstacle Avoidance

This paper presents an online planner for suboptimal obstacle avoidance. It generates near-shortest paths incrementally by avoiding obstacles optimally one at a time. In known environments, obstacles are avoided in an order determined by a global criterion. In unknown environments, obstacles are avoided as they are detected by on-board sensors. This avoidance strategy is guaranteed to reach the goal regardless of the order in which the obstacles are avoided. The method is demonstrated in several examples for an omnidirectional point robot moving among planar polygonal obstacles.
The design of a low-power low-noise phase lock loop

A phase lock loop is a closed-loop system that causes one system to track with another. More precisely, a PLL can be perceived as a circuit synchronizing an output signal with a reference or input signal in frequency as well as phase. High-performance phase lock loops are widely used within a digital system for clock generation, timing recovery, and to efficiently sequence operations and synchronize between function units and ICs As the digital system grows the role of phase lock loop increases. Achieving low jitter and phase noise in phase lock loop with less area and power consumption is challenging. The present research relates to characterization and redesign of individual blocks of Phase lock loop (PLL) to improve its characteristics. More specifically redesigning of individual blocks like: Phase Frequency Detector to reduce area and static phase error, Voltage to Current converter to linearly increase the current input to the current controlled oscillator, Current Controlled Oscillator to reduce phase noise, amplitude distortion, area and power consumption. We also introduce an additional feedback loop to increase the gain of the charge pump in a manner that linearizes the overall loop gain over wide bandwidth. The Results are substantial improvements in the PLL characteristics such as low jitter, phase noise, area and power consumption.
The ‘Innateness Hypothesis’ and Explanatory Models in Linguistics

The ‘innateness hypothesis’ (henceforth, the ‘I.H.’) is a daring — or apparently daring; it may be meaningless, in which case it is not daring — hypothesis proposed by Noam Chomsky. I owe a debt of gratitude to Chomsky for having repeatedly exposed me to the I.H.; I have relied heavily in what follows on oral communications from him; and I beg his pardon in advance if I misstate the I.H. in any detail, or misrepresent any of the arguments for it. In addition to relying upon oral communications from Chomsky, I have also relied upon Chomsky’s paper ‘Explanatory Models in Linguistics’, in which the I.H. plays a considerable role.
Cultivation of Trypanosoma ranarum on a Liquid Medium.

SUMMARY. A neopeptone blood broth was a satisfactory medium for cultivation of the frog trypanosome T. ranarum, though it did not support as consistently good growth as the corresponding diphasic medium. The superiority of diphasic over liquid medium could be explained only by the presence of a reserve of nutrients in the agar slant which diffuse into the liquid phase. Inocula from culture tubes 12 days or less in age resulting from a succession of rapid transfers appeared to be necessary for maximal growth.
Perceived fit and deal framing: the moderating effect of perceived fit on sales promotions in line and brand extensions

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how perceived fit between a line/brand extension and its parent brand moderates the evaluation of two economically identical promotions, i.e. buy one get one free (BOGOF) and 50 per cent off. A travel-sized painkiller is the product in this study. Design/methodology/approach – A 2 (perceived fit: high or low) × 2 (promotion type: BOGOF or 50 per cent off) between-subjects design is used in this study. Participants, who are college students, are randomly assigned to the four experimental conditions. Findings – The results indicate that parent brand attitude is more closely associated with line-extension attitude than with brand-extension attitude, line extension leads to lower perceived performance risk and higher stockpiling tendency than brand extension and BOGOF is preferred over 50 per cent off for line extension but 50 per cent off is preferred over BOGOF for brand extension. Research limitations/implications – For a low-price, non-conspicuous and stoc...
Simulation of the Optical Absorption Spectra of Gold Nanorods as a Function of Their Aspect Ratio and the Effect of the Medium Dielectric Constant

Gold nanorods with different aspect ratios are prepared in micelles by the electrochemical method and their absorption spectra are modeled by theory. Experimentally, a linear relationship is found between the absorption maximum of the longitudinal plasmon resonance and the mean aspect ratio as determined from TEM. It is shown here that such a linear dependence is also predicted theoretically. However, calculations also show that the absorption maximum of the longitudinal plasmon resonance depends on the medium dielectric constant in a linear fashion for a fixed aspect ratio. Attempts to fit the calculations to the experimental values indicate that the medium dielectric constant has to vary with the aspect ratio in a nonlinear way. Chemically, this suggests that the structure of the micelle capping the gold nanorods is size dependent. Furthermore, comparison with the results obtained for rods of different aspect ratios made by systematic thermal decomposition of the long rods further suggests that the medi...
Predictive black-box mitigation of timing channels

We investigate techniques for general black-box mitigation of timing channels. The source of events is wrapped by a timing mitigator that delays output events so that they contain only a bounded amount of information. We introduce a general class of timing mitigators that can achieve any given bound on timing channel leakage, with a tradeoff in system performance. We show these mitigators compose well with other mechanisms for information flow control, and demonstrate they are effective against some known timing attacks.
Plasmapheresis to Treat Hypertriglyceridemia in a Child With Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Pancreatitis

A 10-year-old girl presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, and severe abdominal pain. She was found to have acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury after shock resuscitation and severe persistent hypertriglyceridemia. The severe hypertriglyceridemia was treated with 1 course of plasmapheresis, which corrected the triglyceride level and was temporally associated with improvement of the abdominal pain and renal dysfunction. Diabetes is known to contribute to an elevated triglyceride level, especially in the setting of an underlying lipid disorder. However, no such disorders were found in this patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a pediatric patient presenting with the triad of severe hypertriglyceridemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and pancreatitis treated successfully with plasmapheresis.
El Niño mass coral mortality: a test of resource limitation in a coral reef damselfish population.

The mass mortality of reef corals in the eastern Pacific as a result of the 1982–1983 El Nino oceanographic anomaly permitted the first large scale test of resource limitation for a coral reef fish. Population densities of territorial herbivorous damselfish did not respond to the massive regional increase in space available for the cultivation of algal food following the El Nino event. The proportion of juveniles in the population was low and new recruits were uncommon, indicating that recruitment rates rather than resource supply probably control the abundance of this coral reef damselfish.
Lyme Arthritis in 20 Children Residing in a Non-Endemic Area

In non-endemic areas of the country, Lyme disease may not be considered in children who present with arthritis. This report details the clinical features of Lyme arthritis in 20 children residing in central Virginia. All patients presented with transient, often recurrent oligoarthritis of large joints, particularly the knee. Most patients were referred with a presumptive diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). This report reiterates the clinical presentation of Lyme arthritis in children and reminds physicians to consider the diagnosis of Lyme arthritis in children who present with acute arthritis even if they reside in a non-endemic area of the country. In addition, it differentiates the clinical presentation of Lyme arthritis from JRA.
Misdiagnosis of valvular aortic stenosis in isorhythmic dissociation.

Failure to recognize isorhythmic dissociation and to record simultaneous ventricular and arterial pressure during cardiac catheterization Led to the erroneous diagnosis of aortic stenosis in a 70-year-old man. The atrioventricular conduction disturbance and absence of an aortic systolic gradient were documented at a subsequent catheterization. During isorhythmic dissociation, PR interval changes resulted in phasic variation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and, therefore, of left ventricular and arterial systolic pressure.
Use of SPECT/CT with 99mTc-MDP Bone Scintigraphy to Diagnose Symptomatic Os Acromiale

Os acromiale is an anatomic variant that in rare cases can cause pain. (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy with SPECT/CT can play an important role in diagnosing this clinical entity. We present a male football player with shoulder pain secondary to a symptomatic os acromiale, and we demonstrate the findings on bone scanning with limited SPECT/CT that diagnosed this important clinical abnormality.
Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Gas Turbine Applications

Fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites are being considered for application in hot-gas turbines. A forced-flow thermal-gradient chemical vapor infiltration process has been developed to fabricate composites of thick-walled tubular geometry common to many components. Fibrous preforms of different fiber architectures (3dimensionally braided and filament wound) have been investigated to accommodate components with different mechanical property requirements. This paper will discuss the fabrication of tubular fiberreinforced SiC matrix composites and their mechanical properties.
The latency-associated nuclear antigen, a multifunctional protein central to Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency

Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is encoded by the Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 73. LANA is expressed during latent KSHV infection of cells, including tumor cells, such as primary effusion lymphoma, KS and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Latently infected cells have multiple extrachromosomal copies of covalently closed circular KSHV genomes (episomes) that are stably maintained in proliferating cells. LANA’s best characterized function is that of mediating episome persistence. It does so by binding terminal repeat sequences to the chromosomal matrix, thus ensuring episome replication with each cell division and efficient DNA segregation to daughter nuclei after mitosis. To achieve these functions, LANA associates with different host cell proteins, including chromatin-associated proteins and proteins involved in DNA replication. In addition to episome maintenance, LANA has transcriptional regulatory effects and affects cell growth. LANA exerts these func...
Do High‐Ability Students Disidentify With Science? A Descriptive Study of U.S. Ninth Graders in 2009

The present study describes science expectancy-value motivation classes within a nationally representative sample of students who were U.S. ninth graders in 2009. An expectancy-value model was the basis for science-specific profile indicators (self- efficacy, attainment value, utility value, interest-enjoyment value). Using exploratory latent class analysis, a four-class model was identified as the best model, based on model fit and interpretability. Although the low and typical profiles had uniform levels of indicators, the two high motivation profiles (high self-efficacyandhigh utility value) had mixed levels. The profile characterized by very high self-efficacy had lower values, while the profile charac- terized by high utility value had lower self-efficacy. The differences in math achievement between profiles were small. High-ability students disidentified with science; only 29% of high-ability students had high science expectancy-value profiles. The implications for science talent development are discussed. C
CARCINOID OF THE JEJUNUM

Summary 1.A case of multiple malignant carcinoid tumors involving the lower jejunum has been presented. 2.It is evidently extremely rare for massive gastrointestinal bleeding to be the presenting symptom of carcinoid of the small intestine. The authors were able to find only 1 other such case reported in the literature. 3.Although carcinoid is said to represent a very slowly growing tumor, in this case there was astonishing rapidity of growth during the interval between the first and second laparotomies. 4.A unique deformity of small bowel secondary to carcinoid was again noted. It has been previously described as kinking, but curling is believed to be a more descriptive term. 5.The efficacy of x-ray therapy in relieving the obstruction presumably due to carcinoid tumor is not implied.
Obesity and Cancer

Obesity is a strong risk factor for multiple types of cancer. The mechanisms underlying this association are multiple and include increased systemic inflammation, increased alterations in the systemic hormonal milieu, and direct paracrine tumor-promoting effects of adipose tissue, adipose tissue stem cells, and mature adipocytes. These complex mechanisms generate a carcinogenic milieu in multiple tissues in obesity.
Organic Superconductivity: The First Quarter Century

This, the International Conference on Organic Superconductors commemorates the twenty-first anniversary of the first such Conference1 which was held in the Fall of 1969, in Honolulu. The intent of that meeting was to bring together theoretical and experimental physicists, and theoretical, organic and inorganic chemists, and introduce them to the challenge of designing and synthesizing polymeric, organic compounds which would superconduct at high temperatures2. That conference served to catalyze work in this area and within the next decade the first 2D-superconductors intercalated with organic compounds were prepared3; the first polymeric superconductor was synthesized4 in 1975; and, in 1980, the first organic superconductor was discovered5. Much progress has been made since then6, with more than thirty organic superconductors now known, and some with transition temperatures as high as 11K. On the other hand, during this period, the search for high temperature superconductivity appeared more elusive, with little progress made until the discoveries7 of the high Tc cuprates in 1986. These discoveries have established the validity of the early arguments that such high transition temperatures were possible, although the exact8 mechanism responsible for the superconductivity in these materials has not yet been fully identified. They have provided encouragement for the study of non-conventional conducting materials including such materials as the oxides and the organics. The latter continue to offer a rational route to the synthesis of compounds which may yet yield materials with transition temperatures comparable to, or higher, than those of the cuprates.
Matrix Isolation and ab Initio Study of the Hydrogen-Bonded Complex between H2O2 and (CH3)2O

Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been combined with MP2/6-31+G(d,p) calculations to characterize the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complex between H2O2 and (CH3)2O. The O−H stretching mode was observed to red shift 234 cm-1 upon hydrogen bond formation, while a 45 cm-1 blue shift was noted for the O−O−H bending mode of the H2O2 subunit in the complex. These values compare well to the computed shifts of −293 and +20 cm-1, respectively. The perturbations to the vibrational modes of the two subunits in the HOOH:O(CH3)2 complex are substantially larger than the perturbations reported previously for the analogous HOH:O(CH3)2 complex, suggesting that H2O2 is a better proton donor for hydrogen bonding than H2O. In contrast, band shifts in HOOH:O(CH3)2 are much less than observed for FH:O(CH3)2 and ClH:O(CH3)2.
Scaling-Up Youth-Led Social Justice Efforts through an Online School-Based Social Network

The exploration of social networking sites (SNS) in promoting social change efforts offers great potential within the field of community psychology. Online communities on SNS provide opportunities for bridging across groups, thus fostering the exchange of novel ideas and practices. Currently, there have only been limited efforts to examine SNS within the context of youth-led efforts. To explore the potential of SNS to facilitate the diffusion of social justice efforts between distinct youth groups, we linked three school-based youth-led participatory action research projects involving 54 high school students through a SNS. This study offers an innovative methodological approach and framework, utilizing social network analysis and strategic sampling of key student informants to investigate what individual behaviors and online network features predict student adoption of social change efforts. Findings highlight prospective facilitators and barriers to diffusion processes within a youth-led online network, as well as key constructs that may inform future research. We conclude by providing suggestions for scholars and practitioners interested in examining how SNS can be used to enhance the diffusion of social justice strategies, youth-led engagement efforts, and large-scale civic organizing.
Vignetting Influence on Accuracy of Temperature Measurement for CCD-based Pyrometer and Correction Method

Due to the existence of vignetting in the CCD-based pyrometer,there is serious photometric distortion in temperature field,resulting in the severely decreasing of the temperature measurement accuracy. So,a mathematical model for temperature distortion based on theories of radiation thermometry and geometrical optics w as built,and the influence of optical system parameters on the accuracy of temperature field measurement w as analyzed as w ell. Based on the sparsity of neighborhood gray gradient distribution( NGD),a method for the calibration of vignetting coefficient w as also proposed. Compared w ith the calibration method using a integrating sphere,its maximum absolute error for vignetting estimation is only 0. 052,and the effectiveness of this calibration method is validated by the experiment of temperature field correction for casting billets.
Plasmonic resonance shift for various nanodevice geometries

Plasmonic nanodevices are metallic structures that exhibit plasmonic effects when exposed to light, causing scattering and enhancement of that light. These plasmons makes it possible for light to be focused below the diffraction limit. Dark-field spectroscopy has been used to capture the scattering spectra of these structures in order to examine the scattering and resonant frequencies of the plasmons provided by the devices. The geometries of the devices change which wavelengths of light are most readily able to couple to the device, resulting in a change in the wavelength of the scattered light. A variety of device geometries and configurations will be studied, including nanodiscs, nanowires, and plasmonic gratings, along with double-width nanogap plasmonic gratings. These new structures will have features below the fabrication limit of electron-beam lithography, i.e. sub-10 nanometer features. The polarization dependencies of these resonance modes are investigated as well. A relation between device geometry and wavelength will be drawn; in effect, this will allow the selection of geometry of the fabricated device based on the desired wavelength of light to be scattered. Preliminary Raman spectroscopy will also be performed in order to study the device response and usefulness for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Framing Modernization Interventions: Reassessing the Role of Migration and Translocality in Sustainable Mountain Development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

The Gojal region in northern Pakistan has a comparatively high level of development, virtually unparalleled in Pakistan’s other mountain areas and rural periphery and representing a significant advance over the extreme poverty, recurrent famine, pervasive illiteracy, and feudal oppression that existed until the 1940s. This article analyzes the factors and conditions that made this possible. Various external modernization interventions by state and nonstate agencies, particularly by the Aga Khan Development Network, have been crucial in this respect. The significance of the framing of such interventions for their acceptance and successful implementation is analyzed for the Ismaili community of Gojal. Findings from this case study underline the central importance of local actors’ agency and their proactive and creative response to the changing conditions and new opportunities created during modernizing interventions. Local households’ mobility and migration strategies, in the context of sectoral and spatial...
Neoliberal imaginary, school choice, and “new elites” in public secondary schools

There has been a growing concentration of high-achieving students attending selective public schools of choice as part of the neoliberal reforms of education. While this growth has had an eroding e...
Doppler screening and predictors of adverse outcomes in high risk pregnancies affected by tobacco.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between Doppler measurements and adverse outcomes in an obstetric population with high tobacco use. Methods This retrospective study included patients with Doppler data (umbilical systolic/diastolic velocity ratios (S/D), uterine S/D, uterine left/right ratio index (RI)). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis determined cut-off elevated Doppler indices. Stepwise logistic regression was used to predict adverse outcomes. Results 338 of 745 patients (45.4%) had adverse outcomes. Doppler artery indices identified significant associations with IUGR, preeclampsia, low birth weight, pre-term birth and composite adverse outcome variable. An elevated Umbilical S/D was 2.1 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.5–2.9; p Conclusion Umbilical and uterine left S/D indices and nulliparity are significant independent predictors of adverse outcomes.
Return to Meaningful Activities After a Multi-Modal Rehabilitation Programme among Individuals Who Experience Persistent Dizziness and Debility Longer Than 9 Months after Sustaining a Concussion: A Case Series.

Purpose: The authors explored changes in outcome measures and return to meaningful life activities in six individuals who participated in a home-based multi-modal rehabilitation programme to address persistent dizziness and debility that had continued for more than 9 months since a documented concussion. Methods: In a case series using a repeated-measures design, changes from pre- to post-treatment assessments were assessed after a 6-month intervention. The outcome measures used were the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire's subsidiary scales (RPQ-3, RPQ-13), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Functional Gait Assessment, return to work or study, and return to activity. Results: Six months after the multi-modal rehabilitation programme, statistically significant differences were found on the RPQ-3 (p=0.026), RPQ-13 (p=0.037), and DHI (p=0.033). In addition, four participants had returned to their previous work, and all six participants had been able to return to physical activity. Conclusion: A supervised home programme, provided in the context of a multi-modal rehabilitation programme, has the potential to improve outcomes even when rehabilitative services are delayed and persistent concussion-related symptoms continue for a significant amount of time after the onset of a concussion.
T-Phase data on Kamchatka/Kurils earthquakes

Seismic and hydroacoustic data for Kamchatka/Kuril earthquakes of January 1 to July 31 1965 are analyzed in terms of detectability of hydroacoustic signals as a function of seismic magnitude, depth of focus and epicenter locations. An improved calculation procedure for estimating location of hydroacoustic epicenters is presented which results in a clear and simple interpretation of the combined seismic-hydroacoustic data as they relate to “epicenter” calculations.
The association of cannabis use on inpatient psychiatric hospital outcomes

ABSTRACTBackground: The associations between cannabis use and psychosis are well documented in numerous studies. There is a need to evaluate the impact of cannabis use on inpatient psychiatric utilization and outcomes. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of cannabis use on psychiatric hospital outcomes. Methods: This study was conducted between April 20, 2015 and October 20, 2015. All patients (n = 120) admitted to Denver Health with psychotic symptoms were administered a urine toxicology screening testing for the presence of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH, the active metabolite of cannabis). Patients with positive tests were compared to those with negative tests on several measures, including length of stay, presence or lack of 30-day readmission, Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS) score, and use of antipsychotics and/or sedatives/anxiolytics. Results: There were 120 patients. Twenty nine were women and 91 were men. Patients testing positive for THC-COOH had a shorter length of stay c...
Estimates of peak electric fields induced by Transcranial magnetic stimulation in pregnant women as patients using an FEM full-body model

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for treatment of depression during pregnancy is an appealing alternative to fetus-threatening drugs. However, no studies to date have been performed that evaluate the safety of TMS for a pregnant mother patient and her fetus. A full-body FEM model of a pregnant woman with about 100 tissue parts has been developed specifically for the present study. This model allows accurate computations of induced electric field in every tissue given different locations of a shape-eight coil, a biphasic pulse, common TMS pulse durations, and using different values of the TMS intensity measured in SMT (Standard Motor Threshold) units. Our simulation results estimate the maximum peak values of the electric field in the fetal area for every fetal tissue separately and for the TMS intensity of one SMT unit.
Energy Analysis of Coffee Production Systems: Implications for Environmental and Economic Sustainability

Data from a 10 year Turrialba, Costa Rica study are used for an energy use evaluation of organic agroforestry, chemical agroforestry and sun-grown coffee production systems. Sun- grown coffee had the highest yield but lowest energy use efficiency. Organic coffee had the highest energy use efficiency and thus the highest environmental sustainability. High energy use efficiency results from efficient nutrient recycling by the community of soil organisms that obtain energy from decomposing coffee pulp and chicken manure. An economic analysis including data from a world survey suggests that sun-grown coffee generates the highest income. Governments may encourage producers to plant sun-grown coffee because high income from abroad helps balance of trade. Organic coffee provides a greater return on investment than sun-grown coffee and would be the choice of a local community that wants to avoid using chemical inputs but requires a higher income than that provided by traditional shade-grown coffee. Shade-grown coffee provides the lowest income of all systems but a higher return on investment than sun coffee. It is attractive for the small scale farmer because of low input requirements. Each of these systems is associated with a different economic hierarchical level: the traditional farm; the local community; the large scale producer or corporation. Maximizing economic sustainability at one hierarchical level precludes maximizing sustainability at other levels.
ACC POST-PCI BLEEDING RISK PILOT STUDY: EXPERIENCE AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY HEALTH WITH IMPLEMENTING THIS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE

In January 2017, the ACC solicited participation for the Risk Pilot Study from CathPCI Registry® participants. The study focused on the implementation of three Clinical Toolkits to decrease post PCI vascular complications. Indiana University Health supported 85% (6/7) PCI locations in the 20 week