cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Twitter Use Among Departments of Surgery With General Surgery Residency Programs

Objective To examine patterns of Twitter use by surgery departments with residency programs and understand relevant motivations and concerns. The primary outcome was to quantify account prevalence and activity. The secondary outcomes were to identify reasons for use and perceived benefits and concerns. Design Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study was performed on Twitter accounts of departments of surgery with Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education accredited general surgery residencies. An anonymous survey was distributed to all programs with accounts. Data acquisition was completed in August 2019 and analysis was completed in February 2020. Results Among the 319 departments of surgery, only 80 (25%) had department of surgery Twitter accounts. Mean account age was 3.5 years (range: 0-9.8), with the highest account creation in 2017 (n = 23, 29%). Median total tweets per account was 314 (range 3-21,893), and median number of followers was 454 (range 18-22,353). Having a Twitter account was associated with program type: 66/123 (54%) university-based, 1/9 (11%) military, 13/124 (11%) community/university-affiliated, and 0/63 (0%) community (p Conclusions Though only a quarter of departments of general surgery had Twitter accounts, they were felt to be key for improving academic reach. Formal posting guidelines existed for 59% of survey respondents, although concerns about privacy and content were common. An underutilized tool for surgery departments to promote academic achievements, Twitter use represents a potential opportunity to engage the surgical community more broadly.
What is multimodality cardiovascular imaging and how can it be delivered

### Learning objectives Imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and management of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The origin of non-invasive cardiovascular imaging dates back to 1953, when Inge Edler and C. Hellmuth Hertz first described the use of M-mode echocardiography to evaluate mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation.1 Since then, the field of cardiovascular imaging has evolved to include more advanced techniques that can now detect various disease more accurately and at earlier stages. These modalities include transthoracic echocardiography, transoesophageal echocardiography, cardiac CT, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and nuclear cardiology, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. However, the availability of more testing options and more sophisticated techniques can pose a challenge to physicians who are tasked with choosing the best option for their patient, as well as integrating data from multiple tests for clinical decision making. These challenges underscore the growing need for advanced multimodality imaging specialists, as well as the need to educate general cardiologists and trainees on the strengths and limitation of various imaging tests and how to apply them to patient care. This article will provide an overview on how to educate trainees in multimodality imaging and how multimodality imaging can be effectively delivered. ### Defining multimodality imaging and its applications The premise of multimodality cardiovascular imaging is based on using a patient-centred approach to select the best available imaging test when evaluating patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. While many clinical questions can be answered by a single test, the effective use of multimodality cardiovascular imaging may require integrating information from various different imaging modalities to answer the clinical question at hand. A key concept in multimodality imaging is patient-centred …
The consequences of outgroup helping: Children’s and adolescents’ reasoning

Abstract The goal of this study was to examine the consequences of helping an outgroup in an intergroup context where the threat to the ingroup and outgroup varied. Fourth and eighth graders (N = 126; fourth graders: Mage = 9.07 years, SD = 0.38; eighth graders: Mage = 12.84 years, SD = 0.34) were asked whether excluding an ingroup member who helped an outgroup by sharing equally or not was acceptable. Equal helping or outgroup helping occurred when the groups had equal need for a vital resource, the outgroup needed it more, or the ingroup needed it more. Overall, excluding the helpful ingroup member was viewed as unacceptable. It was least acceptable when the outgroup needed the help and was given more help than the ingroup. Exclusion was judged to be most acceptable when both groups needed the same amount of help, or the ingroup needed more help, but more help was given to the outgroup, and these findings were driven by fourth graders. Participants’ social cognitions regarding perceptions of group interest, group identification, and approval of the helping act predicted their acceptability of excluding the helping member. Concerns for group loyalty were used to justify exclusion, but appeals to the emotional harm of exclusion, generosity, and the low salience of the act of helping were used to reject exclusion. The findings contribute to developmental research on intergroup relations and exclusion from peer groups.
Policy Change through Social Elements of Policy Design: Florida Growth Policies

This study analyzed policy change in legislation through three social elements of policy design: policy problem, policy goal, and intervention strategy. It covered five successive policies of Flori...
Wafer Level Void-Free Molded Underfill for High-Density Fan-out Packages

In this study, experiments and mold flow simulation results are presented for a void-free wafer level molded underfill (WLMUF) process with High-Density Fan-Out (HDFO) test vehicles using a wafer-level compression molding process. The redistribution layer (RDL)-first technology was applied with 3 layers of a fine-pitch RDL structure. The test samples comprised $11.5 \times 12.5-\text{mm}^{2}$ die with tall copper (Cu) pillars around the die. Destructive analysis was used to clearly inspect MUF voids on the whole wafer area. The molded wafer was ground to the bump area where the MUF voids exist using a mold grinding machine and MUF voids were inspected through a high-resolution scope. The WLMUF characteristics of the conventional compression molding process with various epoxy molding compound (EMC) types have been investigated. A void-free WLMUF process was achieved by applying an optimized EMC dispensing method and parameters. These results are verified through the mold flow simulation, which correlated to the experimental results. Finally, the void-free WLMUF HDFO samples passed reliability tests of temperature cycling (TC), high temperature storage (HTS) and Unbiased Highly Accelerated Stress Test (UHAST) after moisture resistance test (MRT) Level 3.
A direct noise attenuation approach in processing of land continuous records

Abstract Blended source acquisition has drawn great attention in industry due to its increased efficiency and reduced overall cost for acquiring seismic data. It eliminates the requirement of a min...
Adaptation of Human Ribosomal RNA for Nanopore Sequencing of Canonical and Modified Nucleotides

Historically, RNA has been sequenced as cDNA copies derived from reverse transcription of cellular RNA followed by PCR amplification. Recently, RNA sequencing using nanopores has emerged as an alternative. Using this technology, individual cellular RNA strands are read directly as they are driven through nanoscale pores by an applied voltage. The speed of translocation is regulated by a helicase that is loaded onto each RNA strand by an adapter that also facilitates capture by the nanopore electric field. Here we describe a technique for adapting human ribosomal RNA subunits for nanopore sequencing. Using this strategy, a single Oxford Nanopore MinION run delivered 470,907 sequence reads of which 396,048 aligned to ribosomal RNA, with 28S, 18S, 5.8S, and 5S coverage of 6053, 369,472, 16,058, and 4465 reads, respectively. Example alignments that reveal putative nucleotide modifications are provided.
1,728-Fiber Cable with 12-Fiber Ribbons Comprising 160-µm Coating Fiber with 80-µm Cladding

The availability of a 160-µm fiber with 80-µm cladding is demonstrated through the performance of a 1,728-fiber cable with 12-fiber ribbons, fusion-splicing loss of ribbonized fiber, and loss of MPO connection to a 125-µm-cladding fiber.
COVID-lateral Damage: Cardiovascular Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Early in the pandemic, concern that cardiovascular effects would accompany COVID-19 was fueled by lessons from the first SARS epidemic, knowledge that the SARS-COV2 entry receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2) is highly expressed in the heart, early reports of myocarditis, and first-hand accounts by physicians caring for those with severe COVID-19. Over 18 months, our understanding of the cardiovascular manifestations has expanded greatly, leaving more new questions than those conclusively answered. Cardiac involvement is common (∼20%) but not uniformly observed in those who require treatment in a hospitalized setting. Cardiac MRI studies raise the possibility of manifestations in those with minimal symptoms. Some appear to experience protracted cardiovascular symptoms as part of a larger syndrome of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Instances of vaccine induced thrombosis and myocarditis are exceedingly rare but illustrate the need to monitor the cardiovascular safety of interventions that induce inflammation. Here, we will summarize the current understanding of potential cardiovascular manifestations of SARS-COV2. To provide proper context, paradigms of cardiovascular injury due to other inflammatory processes will also be discussed. Ongoing research and a deeper understanding COVID-19 may ultimately reveal new insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of cardiovascular disease. Thus, in this time of unprecedented suffering and risk to global health, there exists the opportunity that well conducted translational research of SARS-COV2 may provide health dividends that outlast the current pandemic.
Manipulative Marketing and the First Amendment

The conventional wisdom is that the Supreme Court’s review of commercial speech restrictions has gradually become more stringent over time, edging further and further in the direction of strict scrutiny. What this narrative misses is that the Supreme Court’s review has become more rigorous over time only for a certain type of commercial speech regulation: laws that restrict non-misleading, informational advertising. A majority of the Court sees this type of regulation as unwarranted — indeed offensive — governmental paternalism. However, the Court has been, and remains, far more willing to uphold regulations on commercial speech where the governmental purpose is not to keep information from consumers, but to protect consumers from manipulation.The commercial speech doctrine is fundamentally based on the premise that advertising communicates information to consumers, allowing them to make more informed choices. Increasingly, however, common advertising techniques do not rely on communicating information; instead, they use emotional and non-conscious marketing techniques to take advantage of consumers’ cognitive limitations and biases. This article argues that such non-informational marketing practices are entitled to limited, if any, protection under the First Amendment, particularly when the products or activities being promoted are harmful to public health.After reviewing the history of the commercial speech doctrine, this article explores the connection between marketing and cognitive psychology and provides several examples of “manipulative marketing.” It concludes by analyzing possible doctrinal frameworks for the regulation of harmful and manipulative marketing practices.
The Second Phenomenology

Whitehead tells us that: “Every philosophical school in the course of its history requires two presiding philosophers. One of them under the influence of the main doctrines of the school should survey experience with some adequacy, but inconsistently. The other philosopher should reduce the doctrines of the school to a rigid consistency; he will thereby effect a reductio ad absurdum. No school of thought has performed its full service to philosophy until these men have appeared.” (Process and Reality, p. 89)
Sediment Quality in Burlington Harbor, Lake Champlain, U.S.A.

Surface samples and cores were collected in 1993 fromthe Burlington Harbor region of Lake Champlain. Sediment samples were analyzed for trace metals(cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, silver and zinc),simultaneously extracted metal/acid volatile sulfide(SEM-AVS), grain size, nutrients (carbon and nitrogen)and organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)). The concentrations of cadmium, copper,silver and zinc from the partial sediment digestion ofthe surface samples correlated well with each other(r2>0.60) indicating that either a commonprocess, or group of processes determined the sedimentconcentrations of these metals. In an analysis of thespatial distribution of the trace metals and PAHs,high surficial concentrations were present in thesouthern portion of the Harbor. The trace metal trendwas strengthened when the concentrations werenormalized by grain size. A sewage treatment plantoutfall discharge was present in the southeasternportion of the Harbor at the time of this study and isthe major source of trace metal and PAH contamination. Evaluation of sediment cores provides a proxy recordof historical trace metal and organic inputs. Thepeak accumulation rate for copper, cadmium, lead, andzinc was in the late 1960s and the peak silveraccumulation rate was later. The greatestaccumulation of trace metals occurred in the late1960s after discharges from the STP began. Subsequentdeclines in trace metal concentrations may beattributed to increased water and air regulations. The potential toxicity of trace metals and organiccontaminants was predicted by comparing contaminantconcentrations to benchmark concentrations andpotential trace metal bioavailability was predictedwith SEM-AVS results. Surface sample results indicate lead,silver, ΣPAHs and ΣPCBs are potentially toxicand/or bioavailable. These predictions were supportedby studies of biota in the Burlington Harborwatershed. There is a clear trend of decreasing PAHand trace metal contaminant concentrations withdistance from the STP outfall.
Kreislaufreinigung kontaminierter Wässer in Atomkraftwerken

In Atomkraftwerken ist, wie in modernen Dampfzentralen, die Wasserbehandlung von eminenter Bedeutung, jedoch treten dabei verschiedene neue Fragen auf, die vor allem durch die Radiolyse des Wassers bedingt sind. – Es werden die Uberlegungen, die fur die Losung solcher Aufgaben richtungweisend sind, kurz erortert. Ferner wird, ausgehend von bisherigen Erfahrungen, eine Ubersicht uber die praktischen Masnahmen gegeben, dabei sind Untersuchungen der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgruppe Atomernergieanlagen der Gebruder Sulzer AG, Winterthur/Schweiz, mitberucksichtigt
Incubation of fear.

While fear and anxiety can grow over time in anxiety disorders, most efforts to model this phenomenon with fear conditioning in rodents causes fear that remains stable or decreases across weeks or months. Here, we describe several methods to induce conditioned fear that grows over the course of 1 month and is sustained for at least 2 months using an extended fear conditioning approach. These methods include a very reliable standard method that causes multiple fear measures to increase over months, as well as alternative methods.
Phosphomannose Isomerase, a Novel Plant Selection System

: Phosphomannose isomerase (PMI), an enzyme not present in many plants, catalyzes the reversible interconversion of mannose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. Plant cells lacking this enzyme are incapable of surviving on synthetic medium containing mannose. Thus PMI/mannose selection has utility in the identification of transformed plant cells. As part of the safety assessment transgenic plants undergo before commercialization, PMI has been evaluated for its potential allergenicity. Purified PMI protein was readily digestible in a simulated gastric environment. PMI has no sequence homology to known allergens, does not contain multiple disulfide bonds, and has no N-glycosylation consensus sequences. No detectable changes in glycoprotein profiles were detected in PMI-transformed plants as compared to nontransgenic controls. These results indicate that PMI lacks many of the attributes associated with known oral allergens.
Exploiting Multilevel Parallelism in Quantum Simulations

Exploiting multilevel parallelism deserves consideration even if rejected in the past. OpenMP nesting is turned off by default by most implementations, and is generally consider unsafe by typical users due to concerns of oversubscription and the resulting poor application performance. Proper considerations of how to express and use nested parallelism can have a profound impact on performance. This chapter segments this challenge into two parts: nesting of OpenMP within an MPI program, and then use of nesting within OpenMP itself. This logical decomposition provides the understanding necessary to make proper and effective use of nested parallelism.
Outpatient therapy of preinvasive cervical neoplasia: selection of patients with the use of colposcopy.

Abstract Colposcopy and cervical cytology were used to evaluate the cervices of 1,291 patients with abnormal cervical cytology. The combination of cervical colposcopy with directed biopsy and endocervical curettage allows the presence of invasive carcinoma to be ruled out in 85 per cent of patients with abnormal cervical cytology. The colposcopic determination of the extent of cervical neoplasia is essential when outpatient cryosurgery or primary hysterectomy are used for treatment.
Failed female sterilization: a review of pathogenesis and subsequent contraceptive options.

OBJECTIVE: To review the published literature, outline the pathogenesis of failed sterilization and discuss the currently available contraceptive options once sterilization fails. STUDY DESIGN: Publications from January 1966 to October 2008 and indexed in the MEDLINE/PubMed database were reviewed. Medical search heading words sterilization, sterilization failure, sterilization methods and contraception were used to identify relevant articles. In addition, references were obtained through cross-referencing the bibliography cited in each work. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that sterilization fails in 0.13-1.3% of sterilization procedures and of these, 15-33% will be ectopic pregnancies. Tubal recanalization and cornual and tuboperitoneal fistula formation are the main causes; their occurrence can be reduced by proper training and use of appropriate sterilization techniques. Following sterilization failure, hysterosalpingography can provide valuable information about the patency of the fallopian tubes. CONCLUSION: Tubal sterilization is highly effective but can fail. There is a paucity of information in the literature as to what is best or most appropriate for patients when sterilization fails. Patients should be counseled at the outset about the contraceptive options that are available should sterilization fail.
Coalescence in PC/SAN blends : effect of reactive compatibilization and matrix phase viscosity

This study introduces a technique developed for the quantitative measurement of the kinetics of dispersed phase particle coalescence in polymer blends. The method has been shown to be useful and reproducible for the study of morphology development and stability in polymer melt blending. Using this technique, we examined the relative importance of reactive compatibilizers, shear history and matrix phase viscosity on the morphological stability of PC/SAN blends.
Haptoglobin and Transferrin Types in Peruvian Indians

RECENT reports on the incidence of the serum haptoglobin types of American Indians have included observations on natives of Alaska1, south-western United States2,3, southern Mexico and Guatemala4, Venezuela5, and Chile3. The incidence of the Hp1 gene, shown in Table 1, is usually higher than that found in the population of western Europe4 (gene frequency 0.32–0.43, mean about 0.39). In several tribes, the occurrence of Hp1 is as frequent as that reported in the various Bantus of Africa4 (0.49–0.87). This finding is of particular interest when compared with the low incidence of Hp1 (0.09–0.28) in Asiatic populations2,6. Since genetic drift is often responsible for marked fluctuations in the concentration of given genes in comparatively isolated areas, more observations are necessary to confirm these apparent differences. We have investigated the haptoglobin (and transferrin) types of two Peruvian Indian groups.
Energy-synchronized computing for sustainable sensor networks

To ensure sustainable operations of wireless sensor systems, environmental energy harvesting has been regarded as one of the most fundamental solutions for long-term applications. In energy-dynamic environments, energy conservation is no longer considered necessarily beneficial, because energy storage units (e.g., batteries or capacitors) are limited in capacity and leakage-prone. In contrast to legacy energy conservation approaches, we aim at energy-synchronized computing for wireless sensor devices. The starting point of this work is TwinStar, which uses ultra-capacitor as the only energy storage unit. To efficiently use the harvested energy, we design and implement leakage-aware feedback control techniques to match the activities of sensor nodes with dynamic energy supply from environments. We conduct system evaluation under both indoor and outdoor typical real-world settings. Results indicate our leakage-aware energy-synchronized control can effectively utilize energy that could otherwise leak away.
Linear programming for sizing, V/sub th/ and V/sub dd/ assignment

Most circuit sizing tools calculate the tradeoff between each gate's delay and power or area, and then greedily change the gate with the best tradeoff. We show this is suboptimal. Instead we use a linear program to minimize circuit power. The linear program provides a fast and simultaneous analysis of how each gate affects gates it has a path to. Our approach reduces power by up to 30% compared to commercial software, with a 0.13/spl mu/m library. The runtime for posing and solving the linear program scales linearly with circuit size.
Evaluation of discrete frequency sound in closed-test-section wind tunnels

The principal objective of this study is to assess the adequacy of linear acoustic theory with an impedance wall boundary condition for modeling the detailed sound field of an acoustic source in a duct. This study compares measurements and calculations of a simple acoustic source in a rectangular concrete duct lined with foam on the walls and anechoic end terminations. Measuring acoustic pressure for 12 wave numbers provides variation in frequency and absorption characteristics of the duct walls. The cases in this study contain low frequencies and low wall absorptions corresponding to measurements of low-frequency helicopter noise in a lined wind tunnel. This regime is particularly difficult to measure in wind tunnels due to high levels of the reverberant field relatively close to the source. Close to the source, where the interference of wall reflections is minimal, correlation is very good. Away from the source, correlation degrades, especially for the lower frequencies. Sensitivity studies show little effect on the predicted results for changes in impedance boundary condition values, source location, measurement location, temperature, and source model for variations spanning the expected measurement error.
Common Herbs and Foods Used as Galactogogues

Historically, herbs and foods have been used as galactogogues by breastfeeding women to maintain and increase milk supply. Commonly used herbs and foods used as galactogogues are reviewed. Doses, other uses for taking herbals by breastfeeding mothers, and cautions to observe when using these galactogogues are discussed. This information can be used by health care professionals as general guidelines to counsel lactating mothers who wish to use or are already using herbals or consuming foods to stimulate milk supply. A brief mention of prescription galactogogue alternatives is provided. Sources of currently available nonprescription galactogogue information are listed. This information will be useful for community, clinic, hospital, and other health care settings where consultative services are provided to breastfeeding mothers. Utilization of the information provided will allow health care professionals to counsel mothers on the use of herbals and foods as galactogogues.
The Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Mitochondrial Function: Influence on Blood Pressure and Baroreflex in Transgenic Rat Strains

Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, and may be associated with an overactive renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin (Ang) II, a potent vasoconstrictor hormone of the RAS, also impairs baroreflex and mitochondrial function. Most deleterious cardiovascular actions of Ang II are thought to be mediated by NADPH-oxidase- (NOX-) derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may also stimulate mitochondrial oxidant release and alter redox-sensitive signaling pathways in the brain. Within the RAS, the actions of Ang II are counterbalanced by Ang-(1–7), a vasodilatory peptide known to mitigate against increased oxidant stress. A balance between Ang II and Ang-(1–7) within the brain dorsal medulla contributes to maintenance of normal blood pressure and proper functioning of the arterial baroreceptor reflex for control of heart rate. We propose that Ang-(1–7) may negatively regulate the redox signaling pathways activated by Ang II to maintain normal blood pressure, baroreflex, and mitochondrial function through attenuating ROS (NOX-generated and/or mitochondrial).
Resolution of Demand Uncertainty and Competitive Rent Adjustment

Abstract This article shows that even when the tenants can acquire the information about rents at no cost, it is possible to get rent dispersion if there is uncertainty about the demand in the market. The equilibrium with rent dispersion has the property that rents rise with the arrival of new tenants. However, even though identical units are offered at different rents, each unit generates zero expected profits. This is because a unit offered at a high rent has a smaller probability of being rented than does a unit offered at a lower rent. If demand uncertainty is resolved sequentially, then rents reveal an increasing trend through time because units with lower rents are rented before units with higher rents. Vacancies are also possible in the current model because some of the units with higher rents might not be rented depending on the realization of total demand in the market.
Advanced memory topics

This session covers scaling challenges, latest advances, and future trends on spin-torque MRAM, NAND, and logic-compatible flash, TCAM, and 6T/8T SRAM in advanced technology nodes.
Application of frequency-domain polyphase filtering to quadrature sampling

A new method for developing in-phase and quandrature samples of a band limited real signal is presented and compared with other methods. The proposed method improves the computational efficiency of a frequency-domain implementation of the required filtering by taking advantage of mirror-image symmetry between the filters on the in-phase and quandrature channels. This technique makes it possible to filteer both the in-phase and quadrature channels at once using one standard FFT for complex-valued input and one standard IFFT for complex-valued output without adding computational overhead. The proposed method is more computationally efficient than techniques using commonly available FFT routines for real-valued input. Specialized FFT routines derived specifically for real- valued input can achieve greater computational efficiency than the proposed method, but these routines are not as commonly available as the standard FFT routines used in the proposed method. For systems where the effective channel filter is short in length or has special structure, there are other implementations of the channel filters which are more efficient than the proposed method.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The anomalous rotatory power of cystine

A hitherto unexplained anomaly in optical rotations pointed out by van 't Hoff prompted the present suggestion regarding the structure of the cystine unit in proteins.
Comparison of conventional and 3-dimensional computed tomography against histopathologic examination in determining pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor size: Implications for radiation therapy planning

Background and purpose This study seeks to: (a) quantify radiologic-pathologic discrepancy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma by comparing tumor size on conventional computed tomography (C-CT) and 3-dimensional CT (3D-CT) to corresponding pathologic specimens; and (b) to identify clinico-pathologic characteristics predictive of radiologic-pathologic discrepancy to assist radiotherapy planning.
Importance of inlet air velocity in fluid bed dyring of a granulation prepared in a high shear granulator

This report shows that inlet air velocity can play a critical role in maintaining proper fluidization and, ultimately, uniform drying. The mechanism by which air velocity affects fluidization has been discussed by various researchers [4–5]. An indication of good fluidization is a free downward flow of the granules at the sight glass of the drying bowl, but such limited observation could be misleading. In such cases, the exhaust air temperature can be used to detect poor fluidization. If the exhaust air temperature rises more rapidly than anticipated, as seen with process 1 (Figure 1), it is an indication that fluidization is incomplete.
Alternative Technique for Assessment and Repair of the Mitral Valve

Valve repair is preferred over replacement in the management of mitral regurgitation when technically possible. Central to the achievement of a durable result is precise assessment of the anatomic abnormality present before repair, as well as accurate intraoperative evaluation of the adequacy of repair accomplished. Cardioplegic techniques commonly employed permit inspection of the valve in a flaccid, arrested state, which may not accurately reflect its function in the contractile heart. The repair can be tested under normal loading conditions only after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. An alternative technique of myocardial management employing mild hypothermia, continuous aortic root perfusion, and intermittent fibrillation is described that provides an opportunity to directly examine the valve under physiologic conditions before, during, and after completion of the repair.
3D imaging of flow patterns in an internally-pumped microfluidic device: redox magnetohydrodynamics and electrochemically-generated density gradients.

Redox magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a promising technique for developing new electrochemical-based microfluidic flow devices with unique capabilities, such as easily switching flow direction and adjusting flow speeds and flow patterns as well as avoiding bubble formation. However, a detailed description of all the forces involved and predicting flow patterns in confined geometries is lacking. In addition to redox-MHD, density gradients caused by the redox reactions also play important roles. Flow in these devices with small fluid volumes has mainly been characterized by following microbead motion by optical microscopy either by particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) or by processing the microbead images by particle image velocimetry (PIV) software. This approach has limitations in spatial resolution and dimensionality. Here we use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to quantitatively and accurately measure flow speeds and patterns in the ∼5–50 μm/s range in redox-MHD-based microfluidic devices, from ...
Dependence of electrical breakdown on spherulite size in isotactic polypropylene

A self-seeding technique, coupled with isothermal crystallization, was used to prepare isotactic polypropylene specimens of varying spherulite size, but of constant crystallinity and lamellar thickness. The latter quantities were also varied by changing the isothermal crystallization temperature. The electrical lifetime at constant applied voltage, in a point-plane geometry, was measured. It was found that the electrical lifetime decreased with increasing spherulite size and, more weakly, with decreasing crystallinity (at a given spherulite size).
A REDUCED COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE IN FIBROUS COMPOSITES

The effective conductivity of a fibrous composite is investigated using the Monte Carlo simulation scheme and the finite-element method. The conductive fibers are modeled as randomly distributed resistors in a nonconductive matrix. The gap elements are constructed between neighboring fibers to model the interfiber contact. The resistance of a gap element is defined as a function of the gap distance and the contact area. The quantitative analysis is performed on the basis of an equivalent resistor network, and the relationships between the overall conductivity and various geometric parameters such as the volume fraction, the fiber aspect ratio, the fiber orientation angle, the tunneling effect, and the fiber length distribution, have been studied. The key results such as the percolation thresholds have been validated by the data reported in the literature. Compared to the full three-dimensional simulations, the reduced model presented in this work is computationally more efficient and can be used in other applications as well.
The absorption spectrum of BH and BD in the vacuum ultraviolet

The absorption spectrum of the BH radical has been obtained in the flash photolysis of borine carbonyl. Eleven new electronic transitions have been found which establish eight new electronic states and extend the available information on two others. Most of the upper electronic states are Rydberg states and, although no extended Rydberg series have been found, a value of the ionization potential of 9.77 ± 0.05 eV has been derived from them. Several of the excited states show the effects of strong l-uncoupling which is expected for Rydberg states but has been observed hitherto only for H2 and He2. The uncoupling effects in the 3p complex of BH are well represented by the formulas of Dieke and Weizel but for the 3d complex the corresponding formulas of Kovacs and Budo had to be modified since the zero rotation energies of Σ, Π, and Δ states are not proportional to Λ2 as required by these formulas. Values for the rotational and vibrational constants of most of the new electronic states have been derived and those for the known states have been improved. Corresponding data for BD have also been obtained. The observed isotope shifts between BH and BD in the B-X system can be made to fit the standard formulas only if an electronic isotope shift of 15·4 cm−1 is assumed.
Catalytic decomposition of tar using iron supported biochar

Abstract Iron supported biochar catalysts were used to decompose toluene, a model tar compound, over a temperature range of 600–900 °C. Toluene conversion and decomposition rates increased linearly with increasing temperature and catalyst loading from 600 to 700 °C. Relative to biochar alone, the iron supported catalysts lowered the activation energy by 47% and decreased the formation of benzene, an intermediate in toluene decomposition. At 800 °C for the 13 and 18.7 wt.% iron loaded catalyst, toluene conversion approached 100% and benzene selectivity (S B ) was zero, compared to an S B of 0.025% and 0.35% for 10% iron and the biochar, respectively. Time on stream studies with the 13 wt.% iron biochar catalyst, over the course of four days, resulted in a mean toluene conversion of 91% and benzene selectivity of 0.02%. These results indicate that inexpensive iron impregnated biochar catalysts could potentially be used to catalytically decompose tar molecules in syngas generated via biomass gasification.
The Tibial Sulcus as a Reference Point for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Determining the amount of tibial resection is an important aspect of knee arthroplasty. The tibial sulcus is a reference point that should be unaffected by degenerative processes. This study compared the tibial sulcus and plateau height for 50 arthritic knees to 50 normal knees on magnetic resonance imaging. The tibial sulcus measured 17.09 mm in arthritic knees and 17.88 mm in normal knees. Sulcus height differences were not statistically significant. Based on these findings, a tibial cut 12 to 14 mm from the sulcus is recommended as a reference point in arthritic knees. This measuring technique has application in limited incision knee arthroplasty.
Mass loss and etching of frozen hydrated specimens

SUMMARY The effects of high dose electron irradiation on frozen hydrated specimens have been studied. Samples which when dry are very stable to the electron beam are found to be severely etched in the presence of ice. Mass loss of ice greatly exceeds the rate expected from sublimation, and is caused by radiolysis. The active molecular species that are formed in this process attack material in contact with ice.
Multisensor Information Fusion For Target Detection And Classification

Merging information available from multisensor views of a scene is a useful approach to target detection and classification. Development of multisensor information fusion techniques using a data base of real imagery from an absolute range laser radar and a corresponding forward looking infrared (FLIR) sensor is underway. Our conceptual approach to multisensor target detection and classification uses senor-dependent segmentation and feature extraction. Information is fused first at the detection level and then within the classifier. We hypothesize that an approach to information fusion based on the mathematical theory of evidence (i.e., evidential reasoning) is a useful method for multisensor object classification. In this paper we summarize an approach to a multisensor object classification system, discuss results of multisensor segmentation algorithm, and present an evidential reasoning-based approach to a multisensor classifier.
THE COMBINED USE OF GROUP AND PHARMACOTHERAPY BY COLLABORATIVE THERAPISTS.

V. Summary Eleven chronically ill outpatients were treated for six months with collaborative group therapy and pharmacotherapy. It was found that patients resistant to group therapy would attend when attendance was mandatory to secure medications. It was not difficult to change, adjust, or regulate medications in a group setting. Thus, combined group therapy and pharmacotherapy can be used for chronically ill individuals who might not benefit from either treatment alone. There are advantages in using collaborative male and female therapists; these stem from the interaction of the therapists, and they facilitate expression of parental conflicts. It is suggested that a nonpsychiatric physician could participate with a trained group psychotherapist in collaborative therapy so that patients could receive pharmacotherapy, even though a psychiatrist might not be available.
Self-regulatory Fatigue in Hematologic Malignancies: Impact on Quality of Life, Coping, and Adherence to Medical Recommendations

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intensive cancer therapy entailing numerous physical, emotional, cognitive, and practical challenges. Patients’ ability to adjust and cope with such challenges may depend on their ability to exert control over cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes, that is, ability to self-regulate. Self-regulatory capacity is a limited resource that can be depleted or fatigued (i.e., “self-regulatory fatigue”), particularly in the context of stressful life events such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. This is one of the first studies to examine self-regulatory fatigue in a cancer population. The current study aimed to (1) extract items for a specific scale of self-regulatory capacity and (2) examine the impact of such capacity on adaptation in patients with hematologic malignancies preparing for HSCT. Factor analysis of four existing scales gauging psychological adjustment and well-being in 314 patients preparing for HSCT (63% male and 89% Caucasian) identified 23 items (α = 0.85) related to self-regulatory control or fatigue. This measure was then examined using existing clinical data obtained from 178 patients (57% male and 91% Caucasian) undergoing treatment for hematologic malignancies in relationship to quality of life, coping, and self-reported adherence to physicians’ recommendations. Controlling for pain severity, physical fatigue, and depression, self-regulatory fatigue scores were incrementally associated with decreased quality of life, use of avoidance coping strategies, and decreased adherence to physicians’ recommendations. These results emphasize the potential role of self-regulatory capacity in coping with and adjusting to hematologic cancers and future research is warranted.
Cocaine Sensitization Increases Kyphosis and Modulates Neural Activity in Adult Nulliparous Rats

Although data from both animals and humans suggests that adult cocaine use can have long term effects on behavior, it is unknown if prior cocaine use affects future maternal behavior in nulliparous females. In the current study, cocaine or saline was administered to adult female rats for 10 days, the animals were withdrawn from cocaine for 7 days, and the females were then exposed to donor pups to induce the expression of maternal behavior. Nulliparous females sensitized to cocaine were more likely to retrieve pups, spent more time caring for the pups, and were more likely to express full maternal behavior on day 8 of pup exposure. The fMRI data revealed significant effects of pup exposure in the hippocampal CA1 region, and effects of cocaine in the anterior thalamus and periaqueductal gray. Prior adult cocaine use may have lasting effects on offspring care, and this effect is not dependent on pup mediated effects or the endocrine changes of gestation and lactation. The present findings provide support for the hypothesis that maternal motivation to exhibit maternal behavior is enhanced by prior cocaine sensitization, possibly due to cross sensitization between cocaine and the natural reward of maternal behavior.
Contextualising Carl Schmitts concept of Grossraum

(1994). Contextualising Carl Schmitts concept of Grossraum. History of European Ideas: Vol. 19, No. 1-3, pp. 185-190.
Predicting User Intentions: Comparing the Technology Acceptance Model with the Theory of Planned Behavior

Information systems IS cannot be effective unless they are used. However, people sometimes do not use systems that could potentially increase their performance. This study compares two models that predict an individual's intention to use an IS: the technology acceptance model TAM and the theory of planned behavior TPB. The comparison was designed to be as fair as possible, not favoring one model over the other. Both TAM and TPB predicted intention to use an IS quite well, with TAM having a slight empirical advantage. TAM is easier to apply, but only supplies very general information on users' opinions about a system. TPB provides more specific information that can better guide development.
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD ON PARENTAL-CARE STRATEGIES AND JUVENILE SURVIVAL OF NORTHERN GOSHAWKS

Abstract Using food supplementation, we tested whether food limits juvenile survival in a population of Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in northeastern Utah. The influence of additional food on female nest attendance also was investigated because those strategies may influence predation mortality rates of juveniles. We provided supplemental food near 13 nests from close to hatching until close to independence during the 1996 and 1997 breeding seasons. Thirteen additional nests served as controls and received no supplemental food. We compared the following variables at treatment and control nests: (1) adult female mass, (2) nestling mass and size, (3) female nest attendance, and (4) juvenile survival. Following supplemental feeding, adult females from treatment nests were heavier than their control counterparts, and remained closer to the nest during the latter part of the nestling period and throughout the postfledging period. Nestlings from supplemented nests were significantly heavier than those ...
Interpretation of an unusual high latitude density decrease in terms of thermospheric density cells

The discovery of a cellular structure in the high latitude thermospheric (120–350 km) neutral density provides a new framework in which to interpret high latitude density data. During geomagnetically active times, above about 170 km, the cells consist of density enhancements near noon and midnight and depletions near dawn and dusk. In this paper, a previously unexplained observation is presented and interpreted in terms of the cells. In general the high latitude neutral density is expected to increase during magnetically active conditions. On the contrary, the SETA-1 satellite measured a 40% density decrease near 200 km during the geomagnetic storm of April 3, 1979. In the past, such ‘anomalous’ observations have often been attributed to the inseparability of density and winds in accelerometer measurements. We first show that the depletion cannot be caused by winds, and then show that the depletion is a natural consequence of the cellular structure inherent in the mass density at 200 km.
Treatment adherence of maltreating families: A survey of professionals regarding prevalence and enhancement strategies

Maltreating parents often do not identify themselves as having a problem and are usually not self-referred for evaluation or treatment. As a result, treatment adherence problems are believed to be common. Unfortunately, the literature to date about the extent of the problem and what to do about it is sparse. The present investigation focuses on two types of treatment adherence by maltreating families: session attendance and homework completion. The goals of the study were the following: (a) provide information on the extent of the problem of nonadherence; (b) examine the relationship between nonadherence and client, treatment, and professional factors; and (c) provide information on the use and effectiveness of strategies to facilitate adherence. A survey was sent to 300 mental health and social service agencies nationwide and completed by 105 professionals. The survey requested specific data on three randomly selected maltreating parents from each respondent's current caseload. Data were obtained on 303 maltreating parents. Implications of the results for intervention and future research are discussed.
Lower extremity complex regional pain syndrome type II after a craniotomy: case report

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a collection of signs and symptoms that most often include regional pain, edema, changes in skin temperature, increased skin sensitivity, and weakness that usually affects the extremities. It almost always exclusively affects the surgical site. A 52 year old woman presented with lower extremity CRPS due to positioning after a craniotomy.