cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of African Americans' Interests and Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Traditional and Nontraditional Careers

Research on African Americans' career interests suggests that despite gains in education, African Americans have a tendency to major in and choose from a narrow range of occupations, namely, educat...
Recreational drug use and T lymphocyte subpopulations in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected men

The effects of recreational drugs on CD4 and CD8 T cells in humans are not well understood. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to define associations between self-reported use of marijuana, cocaine, poppers and amphetamines, and CD4 and CD8 T cell parameters in both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected MSM. For the HIV-infected MSM, we used clinical and laboratory data collected semiannually before 1996 to avoid potential effects of antiretroviral treatment. A regression model that allowed random intercepts and slopes as well as autoregressive covariance structure for within subject errors was used. Potential confounders adjusted for included length of follow-up, demographics, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, risky sexual behaviors, history of sexually transmitted infections, and antiviral therapy. We found no clinically meaningful associations between use of marijuana, cocaine, poppers, or amphetamines and CD4 and CD8 T cell counts, percentages, or rates of change in either HIV-uninfected or -infected men. The regression coefficients were of minimum magnitude despite some reaching statistical significance. No threshold effect was detected for frequent (at least weekly) or continuous substance use in the previous year. These results indicate that use of these substances does not adversely affect the numbers and percentages of circulating CD4 or CD8 T cells in either HIV-uninfected or -infected MSM.
no child left behind encodes a novel chromatin factor required for germline stem cell maintenance in males but not females

Male and female germ cells follow distinct developmental paths with respect to germline stem cell (GSC) production and the types of differentiated progeny they produce (sperm versus egg). An essential aspect of germline development is how sexual identity is used to differentially regulate the male and female germ cell genomes to allow for these distinct outcomes. Here, we identify a gene, no child left behind (nclb), that plays very different roles in the male versus female germline in Drosophila. In particular, nclb is required for GSC maintenance in males, but not in females. Male GSCs mutant for nclb are rapidly lost from the niche, and begin to differentiate but cannot complete spermatogenesis. We further find that nclb encodes a member of a new family of conserved chromatin-associated proteins. NCLB interacts with chromatin in a specific manner and is associated with sites of active transcription. Thus, NCLB appears to be a novel chromatin regulator that exhibits very different effects on the male and female germ cell genomes.
VLSI routing methodology for quadrupole metal sea-of-cells design

The authors present a general sea-of-cells routing methodology for the most advanced VLSI technology today, where four layers of metal are available for signal interconnection. As routing channels are defined over the cells, the entire chip can be fully populated with circuit cells. The routing process starts with multi-layer global routing, followed by vertical line packing and horizontal channel routing. The global wires are converted to pseudo pins in the vertical channel, and horizontal channels are completed by using a novel four-layer channel router. >
LASER PHOTOLYSIS OF MATRIX-ISOLATED METHYL NITRATE : EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INFRARED SPECTRUM OF IMINE PEROXIDE (HNOO)

Photodissociation of methyl nitrate (and its fully deuterated isotopomer) isolated in an argon matrix at 17 K has been investigated by 266 nm laser photolysis. Characterization of the product species has been performed by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. There are two parallel initial reaction channels, one of which is formation of formaldehyde (H2CO) and hydrogen nitryl (HNO2). The second channel is formation of formaldehyde and a previously unreported species, imine peroxide (HNOO). Quantum chemical calculations of the structure, vibrational frequencies, and infrared band intensities have been performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G**, MP2(full)/6-311++G**, and QCISD/6-311++** levels of theory. The calculated vibrational frequency patterns allowed us to confirm the detection and infrared spectral assignments of imine peroxide for the first time.
Mini-track: empirical software evaluation

In all areas of software technology, competing products battle to gain market share and dominance. While this situation promotes innovation in technologies and products, it creates a confusing landscape for IT organizations faced with selecting an appropriate technology that satisfies their requirements. It is well documented that the evaluation phase of software product procurement is typically expensive and time-consuming for organizations. It is also fraught with danger, as the selection of an inappropriate tool or technology will be at best a waste of money (shelfware), and in many cases it will lead to ultimate project and even business failure. The co-chairs of this minitrack have been working for 5 years to develop methods and techniques for empirically evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of various middleware and software infrastructure technologies. The work has had significant impact both in research and practice [1-3]. It has demonstrated that by applying scientific approaches to designing repeatable experiments, significant insights in to the technologies can be obtained. The results are of even greater value to potential adopters as they are repeatable and indisputable, rendering marketing messages ineffective in the face of cold hard facts. This minitrack focuses on bringing together the research work from various R&D groups around the world on empirical software evaluation. Devising empirical methods that can meaningfully differentiate between competing products in a wide range of technology classes is a new and growing research area, and one which has the potential to be of great importance to the IT industry as a whole.
Production and decay angular distributions of the Y∗ (1385) in the line-reversed reactions: π+p → K+Y∗ (1385) and K−p → π−Y∗ (1385) at 11.5 GeV/c☆

Abstract We have measured in a single experimental setup, the differential cross sections and decay angular distributions of the Y∗ (1385) produced in the two line-reversed reactions: π + p → K + Y ∗+ (1385) (279 events/ω b ) and K − p → π − Y ∗+ (1385) (190 events/ωb) at 11.5 GeV/c. The data have been derived from a triggered bubble-chamber experiment using the SLAC Hybrid Facility. We find the differential cross sections and Y∗ polarizations for the two reactions to be in agreement with exchange-degeneracy predictions, if kinematic differences are taken into account. The Stodolsky-Sakurai and additive quark model predictions are in agreement with the main features of the decay angular distributions of the Y∗ (1385), except for small violations at low momentum transfer, which can be associated with a finite helicity non-flip contribution in the forward direction.
A Materials System Approach to Optimum Performance in High Temperature Superconducting Thin Films

Leading microwave performance data are reported for epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7, Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8, Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10, Tl0.5.Pb0.5Sr2CaCu2O7, and Tl0.5Pb0.5Sr2Ca2Cu3O9 high temperature superconducting compositions on a variety of substrates. An in situ process for thallium superconductors is reported. No deterioration in superconductor performance was encountered during subsequent photolithography and metallization processing. A 1.8 meter long patterned meander line with 10 μm lines and spaces demonstrated a critical current of 2 x 106 amp/cm2 at 80 K. Contact resistivity between superconductor and silver pads was below the detection limit of 0.1 x 10-8 Ω-cm2 at 77 K.
Potentially Driver-Impairing (PDI) Medication Use in Medically Impaired Adults Referred for Driving Evaluation

Background: Potentially driver-impairing (PDI) medications have been associated with poorer driving performance and increased risk of motor vehicle collision. Objectives: To describe the frequency of medication use and to determine the association between routine use of PDI medications and performance on driving and cognitive tests. Methods: A total of 225 drivers with medical impairment (mean age 68 ± 12.8 years, 62.2% male) were referred to an occupational therapy–based driving evaluation clinic. Medication lists were reviewed to identify PDI drugs, as defined by a previous study examining medications and crash risk. Outcome variables included road testing on the modified Washington University Road Test and cognitive scores on Trail Making Test Parts A and B, Snellgrove Maze Task, Clock Drawing Task, Driving Health Inventory (DHI) Useful Field of View, DHI Motor Free Visual Perceptual Test, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Geriatric Depression Scale, and Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Results: PDI ...
Structure of the polyion complex between poly(sodium P‐styrene sulfonate) and poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)

Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric polyion complex films were prepared from poly(sodium p-styrene sulfonate) and poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the ionic groups in the complex are more ionized than in each component polymer. Fluorescence measurements showed that the complex had a main emission peak around 300 nm, whereas the peak for its original polyanion occurred at 324 nm. With the monomer and excimer peaks of the phenyl rings taken to be at 294 and 324 nm, respectively, the ratio of excimer to monomer emission intensities increased in proportion to the mole fraction of polyanion in the observed range 0.44–0.59. There was no discontinuity at the stoichiometric composition. Furthermore, the change in peak position shows that the local aggregation of phenyl groups in the polyanion was destroyed by complexation with the polycation through Coulombic forces. These results, together with the visual observation of the transparency of the films, mean that the mixing between polyanion and polycation chains in the polyion complex is on the molecular level and that this polymer alloy is miscible.
Feline Systemic Fungal Infections

Although systemic mycotic diseases are uncommon in cats, they are important diagnostic differential considerations in sick cats, especially in those with uveitis. This article reviews the available literature on disseminated fungal infections in cats and concentrates on the ocular manifestations of these diseases. Pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapy for cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, aspergillosis, and candidiasis are emphasized.
Geochemistry of Mississippian and Devonian Oil Shales of Northeastern Kentucky: ABSTRACT

Detailed chemical analyses were conducted on 10 cores drilled in Lewis and Fleming Counties of Kentucky in an oil-shale resource assessment funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The stratigraphic units studied include the Sunbury Shale and the Ohio Shale, which is divided (from top to bottom) into the Cleveland Member, the Three Lick Bed, and the Huron Member. The chemical analyses include C, H, N, S, major element oxide, and trace-element determinations from 760 samples. Carbon concentration was found to increase from top to bottom in the Sunbury Shale and Huron Member, and decrease in the Cleveland Member of the Ohio Shale. Average carbon concentrations were 11%, 6%, and 9% by weight in these intervals, respectively. Oil yield was determined by Fischer-assay and a good correlation with carbon was found. The Cleveland produced approximately 10% more oil per unit of carbon than the Sunbury. Although C, H, N, and S showed significant stratigraphic variability, the distribution patterns for these elements were found to be highly correlatable. The only systematic geographic variation of note was a 15% increase in hydrogen concentration in the Sunbury and Huron from north to south in the study area. The Sunbury Shale was the least siliceous of the stratigraphic intervals and had the highest concentration of trace elements. Trace elements could be placed into four groups based on major element affinities: (1) those elements that showed strong association with carbon (Cu, Cr); (2) those with a weaker association with carbon (Ni, V, U); (3) those with an affinity for sulfur (Co, Mo, Pb, Zn); and (4) those with an inorganic affinity (Ba, Rb, Sr, Zn). End_of_Article - Last_Page 903------------
Nursing Home Length of Stay and Spenddown in Connecticut, 1977–1986

A study of lifetime nursing home use was conducted with data from Connecticut for a 9-year period, 1977-1986. By linking stays for individuals, we were able to make life table estimates of the total amount of time after age 65 expected to be spent by persons in nursing homes. Because these data were linked to Medicaid eligibility records, it was possible to determine the total amount of nursing home use that is paid for by Medicaid and to produce estimates of the risk of Medicaid spenddown. The lifetime risk of spenddown in nursing homes was estimated to be 21.5%, with a 14.4% incidence of spenddown in any given episode. The amount of time it took to spend down was longer than reported in several other studies.
What do you know?: experts, novices and territoriality in collaborative systems

When experts participate in collaborative systems, tension may arise between them and novice contributors. In particular, when experts perceive novices as a bother or a threat, the experts may express territoriality: behaviors communicating ownership of a target of interest. In this paper, we describe the results of a user study of a mobile social tagging system deployed within a museum gallery to a group of novices and experts collaboratively tagging part of the collection. We observed that experts express greater feelings of ownership towards their contributions to the system and the museum in general. Experts were more likely than novices to participate at higher rates and to negatively evaluate contributions made by others. We suggest a number of design strategies to balance experts' expressions of territoriality so as to motivate their participation while discouraging exclusionary behaviors.
Improved Spatial Resolution in PET Scanners Using Sampling Techniques

Increased focus towards improved detector spatial resolution in PET has led to the use of smaller crystals in some form of light sharing detector design. In this work we evaluate two sampling techniques that can be applied during calibrations for pixelated detector designs in order to improve the reconstructed spatial resolution. The inter-crystal positioning technique utilizes sub-sampling in the crystal flood map to better sample the Compton scatter events in the detector. The Compton scatter rejection technique, on the other hand, rejects those events that are located further from individual crystal centers in the flood map. We performed Monte Carlo simulations followed by measurements on two whole-body scanners for point source data. The simulations and measurements were performed for scanners using scintillators with Zeff ranging from 46.9 to 63 for LaBr3 and LYSO, respectively. Our results show that near the center of the scanner, inter-crystal positioning technique leads to a gain of about 0.5-mm in reconstructed spatial resolution (FWHM) for both scanner designs. In a small animal LYSO scanner the resolution improves from 1.9-mm to 1.6-mm with the inter-crystal technique. The Compton scatter rejection technique shows higher gains in spatial resolution but at the cost of reduction in scanner sensitivity. The inter-crystal positioning technique represents a modest acquisition software modification for an improvement in spatial resolution, but at a cost of potentially longer data correction and reconstruction times. The Compton scatter rejection technique, while also requiring a modest acquisition software change with no increased data correction and reconstruction times, will be useful in applications where the scanner sensitivity is very high and larger improvements in spatial resolution are desirable.
Development of a novel mounting method for the fabrication of Pb-salt laser grown on [110] oriented BaF/sub 2/ substrate

The development of a novel mounting method for the fabrication of a cleaved cavity Pb-salt laser grown on [110] BaF/sub 2/ substrate is reported. The method involves bonding of the [110] oriented Pb-salt epitaxial layer on [100]-oriented GaAs wafers and removal of the BaF/sub 2/ substrate. After epitaxial layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the BaF/sub 2/ substrate, the sample was bonded with the epilayer side down on GaAs wafers followed by an alignment process. The substrate was then completely etched away. The alignment and bonding technique allows the cleaving of Pb-salt layers in the natural cleavage plane {100}, leading to the formation of a cleaved cavity for the fabrication of a Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot Pb-salt diode laser.
Exploiting Collective Effects of Multiple Optoelectronic Devices Integrated in a Single Fiber

The opportunities and challenges of realizing sophisticated functionality by assembling many nanoscale devices, while covering large areas, remain for the most part unrealized and unresolved. In this work, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of an eight-device cascaded optoelectronic fiber structure in which components down to 100 nm are individually electrically addressed and can operate collectively to deliver novel functionality over large area coverage. We show that a tandem arrangement of subwavelength photodetecting devices integrated in a single fiber enables the extraction of information on the direction, wavelength, and potentially even color of incident radiation over a wide spectral range in the visible regime. Finally, we fabricated a 0.1 square meter single plane fiber assembly which uses polychromatic illumination to extract images without the use of a lens, representing an important step toward ambient light imaging fabrics.
Returning to the Root: A Culturally Relevant Approach to Mathematics Pedagogy.

(1995). Returning to the root: A culturally relevant approach to mathematics pedagogy. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 34, Culturally Relevant Teaching, pp. 166-173.
Leaving Engineering: A Multi‐Year Single Institution Study

Background As estimates continue to indicate a growing demand for engineering professionals, retention in engineering remains an issue. Thus, the engineering education community remains concerned about students who leave engineering and must work to identify the factors that influence those students’ decisions. Purpose (Hypothesis) Our purpose was to identify a set of factors describing the experiences of students’ in a college of engineering that are strong influences on decisions to leave and study how those factors are related to both predictor variables (e.g., high school preparation) and future behaviors (e.g., new major chosen). Design/Method We solicited survey data from students who had recently transferred out of a large engineering college. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to determine the main factors for leaving engineering and then used these factors to answer the research questions. Results Results indicate that both academic (e.g., curriculum difficulty and poor teaching and advising) and a non-academic factor (lack of belonging in engineering) contribute to students’ decisions to leave engineering. We did find differences for some factors between majority and non-majority students; however, there were no gender differences. Conclusions Both academic and non-academic factors contribute to students’ decisions to leave engineering; however, our sample indicated the non-academic factors may be a stronger influence. Implications for educators focus on addressing both academic and the belonging factor and include examining pedagogical activities that may be less welcoming to a wide variety of student groups, providing opportunities for meaningful faculty interaction and other activities designed to support students pursuing engineering degrees.
Lymphadenectomy in Metastasectomy

Although surgery for pulmonary metastases does not benefit a significant number of patients, PM should continue to be offered to patients whose primary tumor is controlled and who have acceptable operative risks. For a survival benefit to be achieved, all extrathoracic and pulmonary metastases must be amenable to complete surgical resection. We have shown that the presence of metastatically involved lymph nodes discovered during PM adversely effects survival in patients undergoing curative PM. We therefore continue to recommend complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy at the time of PM to define the patient's prognosis and perhaps to guide adjuvant therapy.
Escaping mental fixation: Incubation and inhibition in creative problem solving

The inhibition underlying retrieval-induced forgetting has been argued to play a crucial role in the ability to overcome interference in memory and cognition. Supporting this conjecture, recent research has found that participants who exhibit greater levels of retrieval-induced forgetting are better at overcoming fixation on the Remote Associates Test (RAT) than are participants who exhibit reduced levels of retrieval-induced forgetting. If the ability to inhibit inappropriate responses improves the ability to solve fixated RAT problems, then reducing the fixation caused by inappropriate responses should reduce the correlation between retrieval-induced forgetting and problem solving. We tested this hypothesis by inserting an incubation period between two 30-second problem-solving attempts: half of the participants were given an incubation period (distributed condition), half were not (continuous condition). In the continuous condition retrieval-induced forgetting correlated positively with problem-solving performance during both the initial and final 30 seconds of problem solving. In the distributed condition retrieval-induced forgetting only correlated with problem-solving performance during the first 30 seconds of problem solving. This finding suggests that incubation reduces the need for inhibition by reducing the extent to which problem solvers suffer fixation.
Effect of simulated birth trauma on the urinary continence mechanism in the rat

Abstract Objectives. To examine the effect of simulated birth injury in an animal model as part of a study on the pathogenesis of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and the urinary continence mechanism. Methods. A balloon was inflated in the vaginas of rats for 4 hours to simulate prolonged labor. The effect on the continence mechanism was assessed by functional, anatomic, biochemical, and histologic examinations. The functional test consisted of placing chili powder or a clipped whisker into the rat’s nostrils to induce sneezing. Anatomic measurement of the genital hiatus was performed with a caliper. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured to examine the value of muscle injury in predicting incontinence. c-Fos immunostaining in the spinal cord was used as a marker of nerve injury. These data were then correlated with histopathologic examination of the urethra and pelvic floor tissues. Results. Four weeks after simulated birth injury, SUI was noted in 19 of 48 experimental rats. The genital hiatus was significantly wider in incontinent rats. The serum CPK and LDH levels were markedly elevated, but no difference was noted between the continent and incontinent rats. All experimental rats showed many c-Fos immunostaining neurons in the L6 to S1 spinal cord segments, but none was seen in control rats. Histologic study revealed a marked decrease of ganglion cells in the neural plexuses posterolateral to the vagina in experimental rats. After 4 weeks, muscle necrosis and degeneration, irregular shape and size of muscle fibers, and a change in the type I/II ratio were prominent features in the levator ani. In the urethra, we noted a significant decline in urethral wall musculature (both smooth and striated) in incontinent rats. Conclusions. In this novel rat model, simulated birth injury resulted in SUI in a portion of the animals. Pathologic changes in the urethra, pelvic ganglia, and levator muscles seem to be the contributing factors to SUI.
On the thermally-induced seizure in bearings: A review

Abstract This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey of papers reported on the nature of a troublesome failure mode in bearings known as seizure. This mode of failure is thermally-induced and it occurs in both journal and rolling element bearings. To gain insight, particular attention is given to reported experimental observation, various mechanisms involved, and available prediction methodologies.
Environmental stresses and community responses in four communities of southwestern Uruguay

xv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Stresses and Communities 1 Climate Change in Communities of Southwestern Uruguay 1 Socioeconomic Transformations and Intensification of Agriculture in Southwestern Uruguay 3 Environmental Stresses in Communities of Southwestern Uruguay 9 Background and General Description of NH, NP, Cardona, and Dolores 11 Nueva Helvecia (NH) 11 Nueva Palmira (NP) 14 Dolores 15 Cardona 18 Community Capitals Framework (CCF) and Adaptation 19 Influence of Community Cultural Capital (CCC) on Community Adaptation 21 Changes of Community Capitals and Mobilization of Collective Agency for Adaptation. 22
Environmental Disasters: An Introduction

In an environmental disaster, a disaster causes environmental harm, environmental change causes an acute risk to humans, or both take place. Examples include the BP Oil Spill, the London killer for of 1952, the 2003 European heat wave, and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Climate change will intensify the connection between disaster issues and the environment. Given the interwoven nature of disasters and environment, we should consider what environmental law and disaster law can learn from each other. Environmental law has the most to teach disaster law about risk management and prevention. Disaster law, in contrast, directs attention to issues of unequal risk exposure and on compensation as a supplement to risk mitigation.
The Behavior, as Regards Shape and Volume, of Human Red Cell Ghosts in Fresh and in Stored Blood

(1) When human red cells are hemolyzed in very hypotonic media (NaCl of a tonicity of 0.167) and when the tonicity is restored, by adding appropriate amounts of NaCl, to tonicities such as 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.7, the mean volume of the ghosts appears to be linear with the reciprocal of the tonicity. This might lead one to conclude that the ghosts are osmometers and that their volume is governed by simple osmotic considerations such as those expressed by a modified van’t Hoff-Mariotte law. Examination of the shapes and volumes of individual ghosts by a technic which combines phase optics, electronic flash (exposure time 0.001 second) and photography shows that three distinct populations of ghost coexist in any tonicity. These are spherical ghosts with a mean volume of 150 µ3, discoidal biconcave ghosts with a mean volume of 85 µ3, and crenated ghosts with a smaller volume which can be calculated. The most likely reason for this complexity is that the shape and volume of the ghost depends partly on its structure, and not altogether on the tonicity of the surrounding medium. Simple osmotic laws have no real application to systems of this kind. (2) The changes in ghost volume and shape, as they depend on the duration of storage of the blood, at 4 C, from which the ghosts are prepared, and as they reflect changes in ghost structure, can be expressed simply. Crenated and discoidal ghosts certainly have some of the elements of red cell structure; the spherical ghost, which soon fragments and gives rise to myelin forms, may also retain some of the original elements of structure, but the fragment and the myelin form have certainly lost them. The latter objects are so small and light that they are not thrown down into the ghost column in the hematocrit tube, and so, as ghost structure disappears with increasing time of storage of the red cells from which they are prepared, a discrepancy appears between the volume of the ghost column as measured by the hematocrit and the volume which one would expect. This discrepancy can be used as a measure of the extent to which ghost structure is lost, and there comes a time, as the duration of red cell storage is increased, when the ghosts prepared from these red cells begin to be replaced by breakdown products such as myelin forms, etc. (3) The less the efficiency of the conditions of red cell preservation, the shorter is this time. In human blood rendered incoagulable with heparin, structural breakdown in the preceding sense and measured by a simple expression which changes sign when the loss of structure has reached a certain point, occurs after about 26 days. In human blood preserved in ACD, structural breakdown measured in an identical manner occurs after about 55 to 60 days. In human blood preserved in ACD-inosine, structural breakdown does not occur until about 75 to 80 days. These results are based on a large amount of preliminary work of an exploratory nature and then on three runs with heparin, five runs with ACD and five runs with ACD-Inosine.
Reactivity of Organometallic Tantalum Complexes Containing a Bis(phenoxy)amide (ONO)3– Ligand with Aryl Azides and 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine

The reactivity of tantalum dimethyl and diphenyl complexes (ONOcat)TaMe2 (2) and (ONOcat)TaPh2 (3) with aryl azides and 1,2-diphenylhydrazine is reported. p-Tolyl azide inserts into a Ta–C bond of 2 or 3 to afford (ONOcat)TaMe(η2-MeNNN-p-C6H4Me) (6) or (ONOcat)TaPh(η2-PhNNN-p-C6H4Me) (7), respectively. In the presence of another 1 equiv of azide, another insertion occurs, affording the bis(triazenido) complexes (ONOcat)Ta(η2-MeNNN-p-C6H4Me)2 (4) and (ONOcat)Ta(η2-PhNNN-p-C6H4Me)2 (5). Complexes 2 and 3 also react with 1,2-diphenylhydrazine, resulting in the loss of 2 equiv of methane or benzene, respectively, along with 1/2 equiv of azobenzene. The tantalum-containing product was isolated as the pyridine adduct {(ONOcat)Ta(μ2-NPh)(py)}2 (8), which implicates a tantalum(III) intermediate. The viability of this (ONOcat)TaIII intermediate was proven by KC8 reduction of (ONOcat)TaCl2 (1) in THF, resulting in activation of a C–O bond of THF and formation of {(ONOcat)Ta(μ-O(CH2)3CH2)}2 (10), which was character...
The Common First Year Studio in a Hot-desking Age: An Explorative Study on the Studio Environment and Learning

AbstractThis paper uses the Common First Year Studio at Georgia Institute of Technology as an example to explore the impact of the physical environment, specifically the hot-desking studio, on communication, studio culture, and learning. The focus of this explorative research is to describe how a hot-desking studio space is actually utilised, where and how students communicate with each other, how knowledge possibly transfers among students, and the resultant students’ perception of a learning community. We have collected both qualitative data through a one-year ethnographic observation and quantitative data through behavioural mappings and questionnaires. The results show that the hot-desking studio provides opportunities for informal interactions both within and across groups. It can help formulate the sense of community at the group level instead of at the individual level. Hot-desking studios also present some challenges to first year design students, since they rely heavily on physical presentations ...
Separating Computational and Statistical Differential Privacy in the Client-Server Model

Differential privacy is a mathematical definition of privacy for statistical data analysis. It guarantees that any possibly adversarial data analyst is unable to learn too much information that is specific to an individual. Mironov et al.i¾?CRYPTO 2009 proposed several computational relaxations of differential privacy CDP, which relax this guarantee to hold only against computationally bounded adversaries. Their work and subsequent work showed that CDP can yield substantial accuracy improvements in various multiparty privacy problems. However, these works left open whether such improvements are possible in the traditional client-server model of data analysis. In fact, Groce, Katz and Yerukhimovichi¾?TCC 2011 showed that, in this setting, it is impossible to take advantage of CDP for many natural statistical tasks. Our main result shows that, assuming the existence of sub-exponentially secure one-way functions and 2-message witness indistinguishable proofs zaps for $$\mathbf {NP}$$ , that there is in fact a computational task in the client-server model that can be efficiently performed with CDP, but is infeasible to perform with information-theoretic differential privacy.
Low cost implementation of an ACC automotive radar

This paper will identify some of the key measurement requirements demanded of an automotive radar system. It will then explore the challenges required to make such a precision measuring device at a cost that can be afforded by the mass automotive market. The challenges that will be touched on to produce such a low cost adaptive cruise control (ACC) radar will include: radar modulation techniques, microwave oscillator configuration, and mechanical antenna structures. Having developed such a radar TRW is now applying this radar as a key component in its range of active safety products. A summary of the range of safety products that can be implemented with such radar technology is identified.
A study of frequency selective multipath fading on an 8-GHz, 135.6-km overwater digital microwave path

Preliminary results of an ongoing study of a 135.6-km overwater path (Seburiyama, Japan to the Tsushima repeater with 106.4-km link from Tsushima to Changsan, Korea) showing the effects of severe reflective multipath and excess path clearance are presented. The results of five months of test results are covered. The path performance is monitored by the use of a computer-aided data acquisition system. The ability of existing path unavailability equations to be extrapolated to much greater distances or their use with paths traversing highly reflecting terrain is questionable. Although the test results from this system cover a small period of time to establish definitive prediction techniques, the test results from this system cover a small period of time to establish definitive prediction techniques, the test results show that distinctly different types of fading are occurring on this path and the resulting unavailability is greater than predicted using present techniques. >
Pediatric Venous Thromboembolism: Redefining Epidemiology.

Abstract 5055 Introduction Pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease most commonly seen in children with complex medical conditions. The data regarding associated conditions in children is sparse. The most comprehensive source regarding these associations is derived from the Canadian registry of 137 children with VTE collected from 1990-1992. Objective To refine the spectrum of pediatric VTE associated illnesses, utilizing a large, comprehensive claims database. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids9 Inpatient Database (KID) 2006 was utilized to identify children Results 4,731 children met the inclusion criteria (1.76/1,000 discharges). The major underlying illnesses were cardiovascular (18%), malignancy (17%), neuromuscular disease (11%), gastrointestinal (8%), hematology/immunology (7%), and metabolic disease (6%). Trauma and surgical interventions were present in 5 % while 5% of VTE was idiopathic. Renal, respiratory, and autoimmune diseases were less commonly associated with VTE ( Conclusion Pediatric VTE is rarely an idiopathic illness. More commonly it is associated with a chronic underlying medical condition. These data refine our understanding of the spectrum of underlying health conditions in children with VTE. This is limited by the inability to take into account the use of various medications and outpatient interventions that may have contributed to the occurrence of the VTE. Future studies should focus on the epidemiology of VTE within each associated disease category. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Birthquake: The Baby Boom and Its Aftershocks

(2005). Birthquake: The Baby Boom and Its Aftershocks. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 1080-1082.
The ApcMin/+ Mouse Model to Study the Effects of Exercise on Gastrointestinal Malignancy

Epidemiologic evidence in humans supports a strong relationship between energy balance and colorectal cancer. Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of both colon adenomas and carcinomas; physical activity and exercise are associated with decreased incidence and better prognosis. Animal models to study the association of energy balance with colorectal cancer focus on the ApcMin/+ mouse model, which carries a mutation in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene, which is known to be mutated early in the development of colorectal cancer in the human hereditary disorder, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, as well as in sporadic colon cancer. The ApcMin/+ mouse, which has provided a robust model for studying factors that affect the development of colorectal cancer, serves as the focus of this review of a mouse model to study the effects of exercise on gastrointestinal malignancy.
On the essential commutant of the Toeplitz algebra on the Bergman space

Let TT be the C⁎C⁎-algebra generated by the Toeplitz operators {Tf:f∈L∞(B,dv)}{Tf:f∈L∞(B,dv)} on the Bergman space of the unit ball. We show that the essential commutant of TT equals {Tg:g∈VObdd}+K{Tg:g∈VObdd}+K, where VObddVObdd is the collection of bounded functions of vanishing oscillation on B and KK denotes the collection of compact operators on La2(B,dv).
Reconstructing a cultural fire regime in the Pennsylvania Anthracite Region

AbstractFire history reconstructions provide fire managers with valuable information regarding historical fire regime dynamics. Yet, in the Central Hardwood Forest Region (CHF), there is an absence of dendroecological studies where frequent wildfires have persisted into the twenty-first century. This study presents the first documented tree-ring reconstruction of fire history in the Pennsylvania anthracite coal-producing region. An approximately 150-year fire chronology was developed from fire-scarred pitch pine (Pinus rigida) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum) collected on Spring Mountain in Schuylkill County. Principal component analysis and k-means cluster analysis were used to identify four fire regime clusters based on interacting fire and non-fire parameters. Results indicate that fires occurred under a variety of moisture conditions and that a mid-twentieth century increase in fire activity on Spring Mountain was associated with the collapse of the regional anthracite industry and possibly amplified...
Picosecond Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy

Vibrational spectra of photochemical and photophysical intermediates formed during the initial picoseconds of photo-induced reactions now routinely provide important new insights into the relationship between transient molecular structure and chemical reactivity. In many chemical and biochemical systems, reactivity can be viewed directly in terms of the picosecond structural changes that are reflected in time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy. Among these changes are single and double carbon-carbon bond isomerization, alterations in three-dimensional conformations, differences in electronic interactions which affect delocalized electron densities and conjugation, and bond dissociation.
Seasonal influenza vaccines.

Influenza vaccines are the mainstay of efforts to reduce the substantial health burden from seasonal influenza. Inactivated influenza vaccines have been available since the 1940s and are administered via intramuscular injection. Inactivated vaccines can be given to anyone six months of age or older. Live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccines (LAIV) were developed in the 1960s but were not licensed in the United States until 2003, and are administered via nasal spray. Both vaccines are trivalent preparations grown in eggs and do not contain adjuvants. LAIV is licensed for use in the United States for healthy nonpregnant persons 2–49 years of age.
Kindling, Epilepsy, and the Plasticity of Network Synchronization

When Graham Goddard and colleagues were performing experiments in 1968 that led to the observation of kindling, there was only limited appreciation that neurons and neural circuits were capable of the remarkable capacity for adaptation, alteration, and reorganization of function now referred to as “plasticity”. At the time of Goddard’s experiments,1,2 the adult brain was still generally regarded as “hard-wired”. In the developing brain, neural activity was recognized to influence synapse formation and patterning of neural connections, but the potent effects of neural activity on neurons and circuitry throughout the lifespan, now appreciated as fundamental processes of neurobiology, were not recognized.
Reducing Radiation Exposure in Cardiac Catheterizations for Congenital Heart Disease.

Ionizing radiation exposure is a necessary risk entailed during congenital cardiac catheterizations. The congenital catheterization lab at Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital employed quality improvement strategies to minimize radiation exposure in this vulnerable population. In two phases, we implemented six interventions, which included adding and utilizing lower fluoroscopy and digital angiography (DA) doses, increasing staff and physician radiation awareness, focusing on tighter collimation, and changing the default fluoroscopy and DA doses to lower settings. Post-intervention data were collected prospectively for all procedures in the congenital catheterization lab and compared to pre-intervention radiation data collected retrospectively. Radiation exposure was measured in total air kerma (mGy), dose area product per body weight (DAP/kg) (µGy m2/kg), and fluoroscopy time (min). Data were collected for a total of 312 cases. In considering all procedures, the DAP/kg decreased by 67.6% and air kerma decreased by 63%. Fluoroscopy time did not change over the study period. Significant decreases in radiation exposure (DAP/kg) by procedure type were seen for atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and transcatheter pulmonary valve procedures with a 45%, 42% and 83% decrease, respectively. Air kerma decreased significantly for ASD and PDA procedures with an 80% and 72% decrease, respectively. When compared to national benchmarks, the median DAP/kg and air kerma for these procedures are lower at our institution. The decreases continue to be sustained 2 years post-interventions. Systems-based interventions can be readily implemented in the congenital cardiac catheterization lab with dramatic and sustainable radiation dose reduction for patients.
Islamophobia: An Introduction to the Academic Field, Methods, and Approaches

The Islamophobia Studies field, a new and emerging academic area of research and scholarly engagement, is currently witnessing contributions from a diverse set of scholars with more entering the fray daily. Initially, writings in the field were focused on problems and challenges facing Muslim assimilation and integration, primarily in the British context and secondarily on the larger European continent. Moreover, much of the early work on Islamophobia primarily delved into media representation and stereotypes without further theorizing or interrogating structural aspects that informed or framed the publicly constructed image of Islam and Muslims. Furthermore, and up to the most recent past, the existing methodological approaches of race, gender, culture and ethnic studies, and postcolonial studies (leaving aside other traditional departments within humanities and social science fields) remained distant from Islam and Islamophobia as a subject of scholarly investigation that does not originate in an orientalist and problematizing approach, even when it is attempting to be “objective” in the research. The focus of this chapter is introducing and tracing the development of the emerging field of Islamophobia Studies.
Retrospective Chart Review of Voluntary Admissions to an Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital in New York City: A Demographic Breakdown

The current paper evaluates psychiatric needs of voluntary admissions in a large urban psychiatric hospital through a retrospective chart review, as this research is limited within the United States. A total of 581 voluntary adult psychiatric admission charts were reviewed. Continuous variables were evaluated using an ANOVA while associations between variables were examined by an unadjusted Pearson correlation coefficient a stepwise linear regression analysis. Men were significantly more likely to have a past admission for psychiatric services (p = .016), suicidal ideation (p < .001) and test positive for substances (p < .001) than women, and were more likely to be unemployed, homeless and without insurance. Women were more likely to have a past suicide attempt and a depressive disorder. A significant relationship between gender and rationale for seeking voluntary admission (p < .001) was found. This study offers understanding of male and female voluntary admissions, and a foundation for improving treatment interventions to reduce recurrent readmissions.
Nutrition for Health and Fitness: Fiber in Your Diet

Nutrition for Health and Fitness: Fiber in Your Diet (FCS8130/HE697) Fiber has many names, such as dietary fiber, total fiber, or just plain fiber. Eating foods that contain fiber is good for your health. This 6-page fact sheet provides tips on how to include foods with fiber in your diet. Written by Linda B. Bobroff and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, September 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/he697
Sterilization of Men with Developmental Disabilities: A Historical Perspective and Modern Conundrum.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:The development of the vasectomy as a form of permanent sterilization was first described over a century ago. Subsequently, widespread forced sterilization of mentally di...
Molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (SCNE) against Oncomelania hupensis snails in laboratory and field. Methods The experiment of SCNE against the snails by using the immersing and spraying methods was performed in laboratory and field, with control groups of wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN). Results In the laboratory, LC50(s) of SCNE for 24, 48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were 0.092 6, 0.062 9 mg/L and 0.054 9 mg/L, respectively. The mortality rates of snails for 24, 48 h and 72 h by using the immersion method were all 100% with the concentrations of 0.25 mg/L. The mortality rates of snails were all 100% while spraying SCNE for 3 d in the laboratory with the concentrations of 0.25 g/m2. In Jiangling County, except 0.5 g/m3 SCNE immersing the snails for 24 h, the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE with the immersing method were all 100%. While the concentration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3 or above, the mortality rates were all 100% after the use of it with the immersion method for 2 d in Gong'an County. In Jiangling County, the mortality rates of snails by using SCNE 0.5 g/m3 for 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d with the spraying method were 87.5%, 92.82% and 97.40% respectively. While the concentration of SCNE was 0.5 g/m3, the mortality rates were 85.94%, 86.78% and 94.21% respectively after the use of it with the spraying method for 1 d, 3 d, 7 d in Gong'an County, and the molluscicidal effect of SCNE (1.0 g/m2) was higher than that of WPN. Conclusion SCNE has a high molluscicidal effect in the laboratory and field, and it is a novel and simple formulation of niclosamide.