cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Origins of an Attachment Approach to Social Work Practice with Adults

Attachment theory is widely accepted and acclaimed as a major influence on ­psychological understanding and psychotherapy and has been gaining attention from social work researchers, educators, and clinicians. Its account of lifespan development has changed our thinking about the significance of certain close relationships, how they are made and maintained, and how they can be affected by disruptions such as separation or loss. An attachment approach offers a view of the emotional needs of children, emphasizing that the quality of early caregiving may have lasting effects on feelings of stability and security (Sroufe, Egeland, & Carlson, 2005). The development of these basic concepts of attachment is credited to the work of John Bowlby, a British psychoanalyst whose analytic training coincided with the development of object relations theory. Mary Ainsworth, a Canadian developmental psychologist, who was Bowlby’s collaborator for many years, designed the research methodology that showed the concepts could be empirically tested, and she provided the impetus for the enormous amount of research that is continuing to expand the theory in the twenty-first century. This chapter provides a particular focus on historical aspects that are pertinent to adult attachment and traces the development of attachment theory from early in Bowlby’s career when he began to formulate his ideas about affectional bonds. Though Bowlby conceived attachment as a phenomenon that operates throughout the life cycle, the field of adult attachment, including how the concepts are applied to psychotherapy with adults, has been less studied than his pioneering work on the mother–child bond. This discussion begins with a look at the origins of Bowlby’s ideas that have come to be called attachment theory, followed by a discussion of the contributions of colleagues who advanced his work.
Direct α-Arylation/Heteroarylation of 2-Trifluoroboratochromanones via Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis

Utilizing photoredox/nickel dual catalysis, diverse flavanones have been synthesized by coupling novel 2-trifluoroboratochromanone building blocks with aryl and heteroaryl bromide partners. The newly reported trifluoroboratochromanones can be easily accessed from the corresponding chromones on multigram scale. This represents a general route for accessing natural and unnatural flavanones that were previously formed through a synthetically more restrictive ring closure route from chalcone precursors.
Keep Writing Weird: A Call for Eco-Administration and Engaged Writing Programs

Influenced by ecological theories of writing, the author proposes a new model for writing curriculum design and community-based projects. The article provides a project of the Writing Initiative for Service and Engagement at the University of Colorado Boulder as an example of programmatic engagement with a community issue using an ecological methodology.
Getting to Where You Want to Go: Designing Information Systems and Using Your Data Through the Application of Analytics and Informatics

This article, based on the closing session from the 2017 NC Serials Conference, describes a systems perspective where data serve as both real-time and summative information and knowledge about how ...
Finger movements are mainly represented by a linear transformation of energy in band-specific ECoG signals

Electrocardiogram (ECoG) recordings are very attractive for Brain Machine Interface (BMI) applications due to their balance between good signal to noise ratio and minimal invasiveness. The design of ECoG signal decoders is an open research area to date which requires a better understanding of the nature of these signals and how information is encoded in them. In this study, a linear and a non-linear method, Linear Regression Model (LRM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) respectively, were used to decode finger movements from energy in band-specific ECoG signals. It is shown that the ANN only slightly outperformed the LRM, which suggests that finger movements are mainly represented by a linear transformation of energy in band-specific ECoG signals. In addition, comparing our results to similar Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies illustrated that the spatio-temporal summation of multiple neural signals is itself linearly correlated with movement, and is not an artifact introduced by the scalp or cranium. Furthermore, a new algorithm was employed to reduce the number of spectral features of the input signals required for either of the decoding methods.
Impact of Changeover to Newer Endoscopic Systems on Quality and Efficiency of Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopy: Equipment or Endoscopist.

Goals The goal of this study is to assess whether changeover to newer endoscopic systems impacts quality or efficiency, and quantify the relation between increased withdrawal time and detection rates of sessile serrated polyps (SSPDR) and adenomas (ADR) in real-world practice. Study Beginning 2 months after new endoscopic systems were implemented at 2 endoscopy units, we included all outpatients undergoing screening/surveillance colonoscopy for 4 months. Outpatients during the same 4-month period 1 year earlier comprised the control group. Quality endpoints included ADR, advanced ADR, SSPDR, polyp detection rate (PDR), and withdrawal time. The efficiency endpoint was procedure time. Statistical adjustment for potential confounding factors was performed with multivariable analysis. Results Significant increases occurred in postchangeover (N=1122) versus prechangeover (N=1131) procedure time (difference=2.6 minutes; 1.6 to 3.6) and withdrawal time (difference=1.6 minutes; 0.8 to 2.5). Significant increases also occurred in ADR [435 (39%) vs. 380 (34%)], advanced ADR [82 (7%) vs. 50 (4%)], and PDR [664 (59%) vs. 611 (54%)], but these differences lost significance when withdrawal time was added to the multivariable model. For every minute increase in withdrawal time a significant increase was seen in ADR (OR=1.09; 1.08 to 1.11), advanced ADR (OR=1.10; 1.08 to 1.13), SSPDR (OR=1.07; 1.06 to 1.09), and PDR (OR=1.16; 1.14 to 1.18). Conclusions After changeover to newer endoscopy systems withdrawal times lengthened, resulting in increased procedure time, ADR, and advanced ADR. Regardless of endoscopic system, lengthening withdrawal time increased SSPDR, ADR, and advanced ADR: odds of detection increased 7% to 10% with every additional minute of withdrawal time. Greater attention to withdrawal time and endoscopist examination may be more productive than upgrading endoscopic systems.
A Macroscopic Strain-Space Model of Anisotropic, Cyclic Plasticity with Hardening

We present a strain-based formulation of macroscopic plastic deformation that accounts for anisotropy in both the initial yielding and subsequent hardening. Both isotropic and kinematic hardening are considered. Thus the model captures the evolution in the deformation response on cyclic loading including the Bauschinger effect, and the accumulation of plastic strain (ratcheting response). The model is formulated in the strain space and implemented using an implicit time integration scheme. The capabilities of the model are demonstrated through material parameter studies and by calibrating the model to experimental data for uniaxial tensile loading of Inconel alloy and anisotropic yielding of rolled aluminum alloy sheets. We also show that this strain-based approach is equivalent to the more traditional stress-based approach. The strain-based formulation of this model makes it attractive for coupling with other strain-based phenomena like phase-transformations in shape-memory alloys and failure.
Additive Benefit of Radiomics Over Size Alone in the Distinction Between Benign Lesions and Luminal A Cancers on a Large Clinical Breast MRI Dataset

Rationale and Objectives The objective of this study was to demonstrate improvement in distinguishing between benign lesions and luminal A breast cancers in a large clinical breast magnetic resonance imaging database by using quantitative radiomics over maximum linear size alone. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 264 benign lesions and 390 luminal A breast cancers were automatically segmented from dynamic contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance images. Thirty-eight radiomic features were extracted. Tenfold cross validation was performed to assess the ability to distinguish between lesions and cancers using maximum linear size alone and lesion signatures obtained with stepwise feature selection and a linear discriminant analysis classifier including and excluding size features. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used as the figure of merit. Results For maximum linear size alone, AUC and 95% confidence interval was 0.684 (0.642, 0.724) compared to 0.728 (0.687, 0.766) (P = 0.005) and 0.729 (0.689, 0.767) (P = 0.005) for lesion signature feature selection protocols including and excluding size features, respectively. The features of irregularity and entropy were chosen in all folds when size features were included and excluded. AUC for the radiomic signature using feature selection from all features was statistically equivalent to using feature selection from all features excluding size features, within an equivalence margin of 2%. Conclusions Inclusion of multiple radiomic features, automatically extracted from magnetic resonance images, in a lesion signature significantly improved the ability to distinguish between benign lesions and luminal A breast cancers, compared to using maximum linear size alone. The radiomic features of irregularity and entropy appear to play an important but not a solitary role within the context of feature selection and computer-aided diagnosis.
Origins and Concepts

Classical field theory possesses a striking beauty in part because it comes to us as a complete theory in which we can tie almost each law and concept directly to a single experiment. Except for the qualifying “almost” we can present the subject as based on hard laboratory data and a very limited number of guiding ideas. But there is too much human thought that lies behind the word “almost” for us to drop it in our pursuit of understanding.
MRI- and DTI-guided PET image reconstruction: Application to imaging with [11C]DPA-713

375 Objectives To investigate the use of anatomy-assisted PET image reconstruction using modalities of MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as applied to parametric imaging for clinical research. Methods PET images continue to be affected by noise and the partial volume effect (PVE). An approach to reduce simultaneously both effects is to incorporate anatomical information within the PET image reconstruction task. Our extensive simulations of Bayesian PET reconstructions incorporating an anato-functional joint entropy (JE) prior have revealed considerable promise, moving beyond conventional approaches that assume over-simplified correlations between anatomy and radiopharmaceutical uptake. We applied this technique to [11C]DPA-713 PET and MRI imaging studies of healthy control subjects (n=3). DTI imaging was additionally performed on each subject (as the study aims to also investigate changes in white matter tract in controls vs. schizophrenic patients). We hypothesized that utilization of MRI and/or DTI images within PET reconstruction could impact and enhance PET imaging. Eighteen regions-of-interest (ROIs) were considered. Parametric K1 and distribution volume (DV) images were generated using a standard 2-tissue 5-parameter compartmental model and a linear regression with spatial constraint (LRSM) algorithm, and were statistically compared. Results In comparison to standard 3D-OSEM reconstructed images, MRI- and DTI-guided PET images depicted significant qualitative differences, demonstrating considerably sharper distinction between various regions. Ongoing quantitative analysis has revealed increases in nearly all regions of the parametric images for both DV (by 17%; P Conclusions Anatomy-guided image reconstruction can substantially impact quality and quantification of PET images, and have the potential to enhance parametric PET imaging significantly
Phase Transfer Extraction of Mercury

Although many of the heavy metals of the late and post-transition series behave similarly in terms of their extraction properties, mercury is of sufficient importance that we consider it alone. This importance results from the early recognition of the toxicological problems that are caused by mercury, and by the set of environmental problems that are posed by the unique chemistry of the element. Among the chemical properties of mercury that must be considered when addressing its environmental control are the volatility of the element itself with its potential to be carried airborne for considerable distances, the presence of a univalent oxidation state which forms complexes with the mercury in a bimetallic structure Hg2(I), and its ready methylation to give water soluble methylmercury(II) complexes, thereby returning the deposited metal from river and lake bed residues back into the food chain. Nevertheless, the chemistry of mercury does have similarities with those of other heavy metal ions, and throughout this chapter we will compare and contrast the extraction properties of mercury with those exhibited by other metals.
Power, Authority, and Rights in the Practice of Medicine

Power, authority, and rights are edgy, adversarial notions. They come into play primarily where there is disagreement and incipient or at least latent conflict. Exploring these somewhat contentious ideas (whose home ground of politics is an arena in which we expect contention) in the context of the practice of medicine might seem marginal if not alien. The argument of this essay is that an image of a kind of constrained disputation or conflict — an image at once suggested by and conducive to the use of “power”, “authority”, and “rights” — is in fact appropriate to much of current medical practice. As might be expected of a political theorist, this argument will be presented in part through models and analogies familiar from political thought and practice. But the matters before us are sensitive. For this and more specifically analytical reasons that will emerge as we proceed, it will be well to seek perspective by first giving attention to the venerable and apparently more comfortable notion that medicine forms a practice.
Wave Heating and Acceleration of the Fast Solar Wind

Wave heating and acceleration of the fast solar wind has been studied and debated for decades. Low frequency MHD waves, and high frequency ion-cyclotron waves were proposed separately as the sources of energy and momentum of the solar wind. Recent UVCS observations and theoretical studies suggest that the resonant absorption of ion cyclotron waves heats and accelerates the minor ions in the solar corona. Velocity distributions of minor ions derived from SOHO UVCS observations in coronal holes indicate that the minor ion temperature anisotropy is > 10 and the outflow speeds of minor ions are higher then those of the solar wind protons. However, the evidence for ioncyclotron heating of protons is not as strong. The formation of fast solar wind requires the transfer of energy and momentum to several solar radii into the corona. This can not be achieved solely by ion-cyclotron waves that form in the magnetic network low in the corona, but can be done by low-frequency MHD waves. In view of recent observations and models, I will discuss the combined low-frequency and high-frequency wave heating and accelerations of the fast solar wind. I will present the results of 2.5D MHD, 3-fluid, and hybrid models of the acceleration of the fast solar wind by low-frequency and high frequency Alfven waves.
Optimal Multi-Valued LTL Planning for Systems with Access Right Levels

We propose a method for optimal Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) planning under incomplete or uncertain knowledge with a minimum required truth degree. In order to introduce modeling flexibility to the framework, we propose semantics over ranges of truth values and operators that reason over such ranges of truth values. We show that the resulting optimal planning problem can be solved efficiently. In terms of application, we show how this method can be used for motion planning in autonomous driving cars for road networks with multiple degrees of accessibility.
Evaluation of cardiovascular health in sarcoma survivors.

e21579Background: Heart disease is the most common and serious chronic illness observed in sarcoma survivors treated with doxorubicin. Now the commonest heart disease in theses survivors is coronar...
A fully-coupled CFD/CSD computational approach for aeroelastic studies of helicopter blade-vortex interaction

Abstract Blade-vortex interaction (BVI) is one of the main sources of noise and vibrations in helicopters. The aeroelastic response of the blade, to BVI phenomenon, is one of the main factors affecting the helicopter's aerodynamic performance and stability. In the present research we developed and implemented a novel CFD-based, strong (two-way) time-domain coupling, mathematical model, for the numerical prediction of the aeroelastic response of the helicopter blade to BVI. Another novelty, of the fully coupled CFD/CSD approach, is that the fluid flow is solved using the large-eddy simulation (LES) approach. In the present research, the aeroelastic response of a symmetric NACA0012 airfoil to BVI is computed using a two-degree of freedom (2-DOF) mass/spring model. The numerical studies show that the blade-vortex offset distance, (h), plays a key role in the mechanism of BVI and therefore, it influences the aerodynamic coefficients. The computational studies show that the BVI phenomenon diminishes with the increase of the offset distance (h). Also, it was observed that the elastic nature of the airfoil acts as a damper and it diminishes the effect of BVI on the aerodynamic coefficients. Therefore, for a flexible airfoil, the lift coefficient exhibits a decay, at the instant of blade-vortex interaction, when compared with rigid airfoil.
In vivo screen identifies LXR agonism potentiates sorafenib killing of hepatocellular carcinoma

ABSTRACT Existing drug therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including sorafenib, extend patient survival by only three months. We sought to identify novel druggable targets for use in combination with sorafenib to increase its efficacy. We implemented an in vivo genetic screening paradigm utilizing a library of 43 genes-of-interest expressed in the context of repopulation of the injured livers of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase-deficient (Fah−/−) mice, which led to highly penetrant HCC. We then treated mice with vehicle or sorafenib to discover genetic determinants of sensitivity and resistance. Liver X Receptor alpha (LXRα) emerged as a potential target. To examine LXRα agonism in combination with sorafenib treatment, we added varying concentrations of sorafenib and LXRα agonist drugs to HCC cell lines. We performed transcriptomic analysis to elucidate the mechanisms of HCC death. Fah−/− mice injected with the screening library developed HCC tumor clones containing Myc cDNA plus various other cDNAs. Treatment with sorafenib resulted in sorafenib-resistant HCCs that were significantly depleted in Nr1h3 cDNA, encoding LXRα, suggesting that LXRα activation is incompatible with tumor growth in the presence of sorafenib treatment in vivo. The combination of sorafenib and LXR agonism led to enhanced cell death as compared to monotherapy in multiple HCC cell lines, due to reduced expression of cell cycle regulators and increased expression of genes associated with apoptosis. Combination therapy also enhanced cell death in a sorafenib-resistant primary human HCC cell line. Our novel in vivo screen led to the discovery that LXR agonist drugs potentiate the efficacy of sorafenib in treating HCC.
Dependence of activities of polysaccharide hydrolases and oxidases from Cerrena unicolor on the source of carbon and aromatic acids in culture media

The activities of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase in the higher basidial fungusCerrena unicolorgrown in avicel-containing medium reached 1.95 and 1.50 units per mg protein, respectively, whereas in mannitol-containing medium they ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 units per mg protein. The activity of fungal β-glucosidase depended on the carbon source in the culture medium and ranged from 2.1 units per mg protein in the presence of mannitol to 17.3 units per mg protein in the presence of avicel. In contrast to polysaccharides, easily metabolizable substrates (cellobiose, mannitol, and glucose) provided the highest rates of secretion of laccase (52.7–123.5 ncat per mg protein) and ligninase (22–106 units per mg protein). The addition of tangerine pomace (TP), a substrate enriched with aromatic compounds, to the culture medium caused an increase in the rate of biosynthesis of laccase and ligninase to 862 ncat/ ml and 557 units per ml, respectively. Aromatic compounds such as p-xylidine and veratric aldehyde increased the laccase activity of C. unicolor IBB 62 from 7.9 to 23.6 and 18.3 ncat per mg protein, respectively. Veratryl alcohol caused a sevenfold increase in the activity of Mn-dependent peroxidase in the culture medium.
Advances in the treatment of gastric cancer: 2019.

Purpose of reviewThe aim of this study was to review studies published within the past year regarding management of gastric cancer.Recent findingsLaparoscopic gastrectomy achieves equivalent survival compared with open gastrectomy in early stage and locally advanced gastric cancer. Adjuvant chemothe
On Not Using Intrinsic Justification in Debate

The standard of intrinsic justification has become a frequently used argument in non-policy debate, and could be applied to policy debate as well. This essay questions the theoretical justification...
Mycobacterium fortuitum abscess following breast nipple piercing.

Abstract Mycobacterium fortuitum is a non-tuberculous rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM). We present a case of a 30 year old female who developed a right breast subareolar abscess due to M. fortuitum four months after a nipple piercing. She failed to respond to an initial three-week course of monotherapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole despite aspiration of abscess and removal of offending nipple piercing. Our patient was successfully treated with dual antimicrobial therapy. This report also includes a brief literature review of prior reported cases caused by this organism. It is important to keep M. fortuitum and other RGM species on the differential if there is failure of resolution of abscess and infection with routine antimicrobial therapy.
80 will be the new 70: Old‐age mortality postponement in the United States and its likely effect on the finances of the OASI program

Using a Bayesian cohort‐based mortality model, we identify strong evidence of mortality postponement at older ages in the United States. We use the results of the model to project mortality rates 75 years ahead, and show that this will likely raise the U. S. old‐age dependency ratio to ~55% by 2090 (~30% larger than the Social Security Administration [SSA] intermediate estimates). We estimate how this will affect the finances of the Old‐Age and Survivors Insurance program as modeled by the SSA. In our median estimate, using the SSA's intermediate‐cost assumptions, mortality postponement will raise the open‐system unfunded liability over a 75‐year period by around $6.8trn over SSA estimates, worsening the actuarial balance of the program by an extra 1.30% of taxable payroll. Mortality postponement will also have significant implications for other government programs, notably Medicare, and for private‐sector financial intermediaries, such as pension funds and insurance companies, as well as private households.
SUBMANIFOLDS OF EUCLIDEAN SPACES SATISFYING $\Delta H =AH$

In [5] the author initiated the study of submanifolds whose mean curvature vector $H$ satisfying the condition $\Delta H =\lambda H$ for some constant $\lambda$ and proved that such submanifolds are either biharmonic or of 1-type or of null 2-type. Submanifolds of hyperbolic spaces and of de Sitter space-times satisfy this condition have been investigated and classified in [6,7]. In this article, we study submanifolds of $E^m$ whose mean curvature vector $H$ satisfies a more general condition; namely, $\Delta H =AH$ for some $m \times m$ matrix $A$.
The ascendancy of stakeholder capitalism: What is its meaning for corporate governance?:

We address the recent ascendancy of “stakeholder capitalism” and its potential impact on US corporate governance practice. Utilizing a four dimensional, analytic framework (legal, ethical, economic...
Financial Market Responses to Monetary Policy Changes in the 1990s

The operating target for monetary policy in the U.S. has changed from borrowings in the late 1980s to a target range for the fed funds rate to a specific fed funds target. In addition, secrecy about the policy target has largely disappeared and since 1994 policy targets have been announced immediately. We explore the impact of policy decisions on short-term interest rates as the policy announcements have changed. We find that the policy changes had a larger impact when the Fed moved to a specific emphasis on the fed funds rate. However, since the Fed began to announce the targets, policy changes have had a lesser effect on rates.
Intra-specific differences in cognition: bumblebee queens learn better than workers.

Species’ cognitive traits are shaped by their ecology, and even within a species, cognition can reflect the behavioural requirements of individuals with different roles. Social insects have a numbe...
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Risky Travel and Leisure Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

PurposeCOVID-19 is largely spread through close contact with infected people in indoor spaces. Avoiding these spaces is one of the most effective ways to slow the spread. This study assessed who ha...
Betsy Breaks Up

At the height of this melodrama she's in, Betsy blanks: What in the hell mean these rosebuds, 11 pink, 1 white? Who in the hell'd send syrup ta suture wounds? Ah, he would, 'course. How wrong. And yet it's not written in her role to tell him. She does not have the heart, yet, that arrives in the cooler via whirlybird, Act IV What mean these sweet, chewy jellies? Why point you to the sugar which clings to their traffic light red, yellow, green? Cut, cut, she's laughing and she knows that's not how it's written!
A Figure of Merit Based Transmitter Link Penalty Calculation for CMOS-Compatible Plasma-Dispersion Electro-Optic Mach-Zehnder Modulators

We derive equations that quantify silicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) modulator impact upon optical link budget for NRZ transmissions based solely upon modulator extinction ratio (ER), the efficiency-loss figure of merit (FOM), and peak-to-peak drive voltage (Vpp). Our modulator link penalty equations transform the modulator efficiency-loss FOM from a simple device quality metric into a means of predicting how design and technology choices impact system margin. Our results indicate that, with a 17.8 V-cm FOM and 1 Vpp drive, designing an MZI to have an ER anywhere within the large range from 3.5-10 dB leads to nearly constant link margins, identical to within 0.5 dB.
Abstract 4294: Addressing the limitations of thyroid biopsies: Using elastic scattering spectroscopy to improve the assessment of indeterminate nodules

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine tumor. The gold standard, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, yields 10-25% indeterminate results necessitating diagnostic surgery. Using the real-time imaging technique of elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS), a pair of fiber optics are inserted through the lumen of a biopsy needle and placed in contact with the thyroid nodule moments before cell collection occurs. Our research focuses on utilizing this optical-biopsy technique to measure tissue in vivo with broadband light during biopsy. In this study we demonstrate the potential our novel ESS-integrated optical biopsy syringe can have on cancer diagnostics. Spectra from 148 patients were collected. Additional time during biopsy to perform ESS measurements was less than 20 seconds. Cytology results for enrolled patients were as follows: 37 indeterminate, 6 insufficient, 5 malignant and 100 benign. Correlating ESS measurements with cytology, we identified changes in spectra when fiber optics were placed in contact with malignant versus benign tissue. From our enrolled benign and malignant patients, we trained an algorithm to diagnose indeterminate nodules based off of ESS spectra and compared to pathology. Preliminary analysis of spectra show ESS has a NPV of 0.99, a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.85. This data suggests that elastic scattering spectroscopy may improve the reliability, speed, and cost of cancer diagnostics. Citation Format: Jennifer E. Rosen, Nicholas J. Giordano, Eladio Rodriguez-Diaz, Ousama M. A'Amar, Irving J. Bigio, Stephanie L. Lee. Addressing the limitations of thyroid biopsies: Using elastic scattering spectroscopy to improve the assessment of indeterminate nodules. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4294. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4294
Abstract MP11: Fitbit: An Accurate and Reliable Device for Wireless Physical Activity Tracking

Background: A smart accelerometer named the Fitbit has recently been introduced in the consumer market as a physical activity monitor that can interface wirelessly with mobile phones and a manufacturer-established website to allow consumers to track their physical activity in real-time. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Fitbit for measuring energy expenditure during treadmill walking and running relative to energy expenditure assessed by indirect calorimetry. Methods: A total of 23 healthy adults (10 males, mean age: 30.6 ± 7.9 years; mean BMI: 24.7 ± 3.0 kg/m2) completed a four-phase treadmill exercise protocol (6 min/phase) under laboratory conditions. The protocol consisted of walking at slow (1.9 mph), moderate (3.0 mph), and brisk (4.0 mph) paces; and jogging (5.2 mph). Participants were fitted with three hip-based Fitbit One devices (two on right, one on left hip) and two wrist-based Fitbit Flex devices (one on right and left wrist). Energy expenditure was ...
Mini-marathon groups: psychological "first aid" following disasters.

Large group counseling sessions for soldiers following battle have been commonly used since World War II. The author conceptualizes and demonstrates how these mini-marathon sessions can be adapted to support all ages and types of civilians involved in disasters. Mini-marathons take about 3 hours and are divided into three sections: story sharing, symptom sharing, and suggestions for self-help, including sharing tales of heroism and survival. After an initial mini-marathon session, a second session may be held emphasizing creativity. The author also describes how mini-marathons can be adapted for therapists who will lead their own sessions. Language: en
Cyclic Amplification of Prion Protein Misfolding

The objective of the methodology described in this Chapter is to mimic the in vivo replication of prions in the test tube in an accelerated manner, so that a high level of amplification of PrPres can be obtained in few hours. For this purpose the concept of PMCA (protein misfolding cyclic amplification) has recently been developed [1].
Dynamic monitoring and quantification of gene expression in single, living cells: a molecular basis for secretory cell heterogeneity.

Progress in understanding the dynamics of gene expression has been hampered by lack of a strategy for continuously monitoring this process within normal, living cells. Here, we employed a modification of conventional luciferase technology to make single and repeated real-time measurements of PRL gene expression from individual, living lactotropes from nursing rats. Cells were individually transfected by microinjection with a PRL promoter/luciferase reporter construct. Levels of PRL gene transcription were quantified by photonic imaging in the same cells before and after 24 h of culture in the presence or absence of the dopamine agonist bromocryptine or epidermal growth factor, two well known regulators of PRL gene transcription. We found these cells to be remarkably heterogeneous with respect to basal PRL gene expression and that the degree of activity within a single cell could fluctuate greatly over time under basal culture conditions. Treatment with bromocryptine or epidermal growth factor induced pred...
Mobile Resources for Nursing Students and Nursing Faculty

This column provides an overview of mobile resources available to nursing professionals and students. First, the features, uses, and advantages of some smartphone applications that are popular in the nursing community are described. Next, mobile websites and subscription-based databases that provide invaluable assistance to professionals and students in the health care field are presented. Finally, several ways to access health care related e-books are discussed.
Sequential stimulation of DNA repair and DNA replication in normal human cells

Abstract The capacity of normal human cells to regulate DNA-repair pathways was examined. Synchronous populations of WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts were used to determine whether base-excision repair was increased as a function of the cell cycle. 2 parameters of the base-excision repair pathway were examined: (1) The induction of the DNA-repair enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase which functions in an initial step in base excision repair: (2) cell-mediated base-excision repair as measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis after exposure to sodium bisulfite or to methyl methanesulfonate. The glycosylase activity was increased 5-fold during cell proliferation; unscheduled DNA synthesis was enhanced 4- to 30-fold in a similar fashion. Equivalent results were observed where repair replication was quantitated using density-gradient analysis in the absence of hydroxyurea. The increase of the activity of the uracil DNA glycosylase and the enhancement of DNA repair occurred prior to the induction of DNA replication. Furthermore, at the maximal stimulation of DNA replication both glycosylase activity and DNA repair had substantially diminished. As the cells entered the second cell cycle, the glycosylase activity was again increased and then was again diminished. These results suggest that human cells actively modulate this DNA-repair pathway. The temporal stimulation of base-excision repair suggests the possibility that a DNA-repair complex may be formed prior to DNA replication to prescreen DNA and thus ensure the transfer of the correct genetic information to daughter cells.
Partially Confined FC-72 Spray-Cooling Performance: Effect of Dissolved Air

The objective of this paper was to investigate the heat transfer performance of a partially confined FC-72 spray with varying dissolved-air concentrations. An experimental test rig consisting of a spray chamber coupled to a fluid-delivery-loop system was used to obtain temperature, pressure, and critical heat flux data. A downward-facing nozzle within the spray chamber allowed the FC-72 fluid to be sprayed onto an upward-facing thick-film resistor heater. The heater was mounted onto a glass post, with a sump system to allow removal of excess fluid. Type-E thermocouples were embedded in the post to obtain temperature data. The parametric ranges for experimental testing were as follows: volume-percent concentration of dissolved air was 5 ≤ C m ≤ 18%, chamber pressure was 6.90 x 10 4% ≤ P ch ≤ 8.27 x 10 1 N/m 2 (10 ≤ P ch , ≤12 psia), liquid subcooling was 2≤ ΔT sc ≤ 12°C, and volumetric flow rate was 6.3 0.0 gph). Test data were obtained for comparison of critical heat flux with varying C while controlling the spray chamber pressure. The applicability of Henry's law to the current system was investigated, and air concentration measurements using Henry's law were compared with those obtained using a direct sample method. An empirical mathematical relationship allowing for determination of surface heat flux with varying flow rate was also developed. The relationship was obtained using test data at flow rates of V = 6.31, 8.41, and 10.5 cm 3 /s and was validated using experimental data obtained for flow rates of V = 7.36 and 9.46 cm 3 /s (7.0 and 9.0 gph).
Kinetics of sub-2 nm TiO 2 particle formation in an aerosol reactor during thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide

Particle size distribution measurements from differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) can be utilized to study particle formation mechanisms. However, knowledge on the initial stages of particle formation is incomplete, since in conventional DMAs, the Brownian broadening effect limits their ability to measure sub-2 nm-sized particles. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of high-flow DMAs, such as the Half Mini DMAs, to measure sub-2 nm particles with significantly higher resolutions than conventional DMAs. A Half Mini DMA was applied to study the kinetics of sub-2 nm TiO2 nanoparticle formation in a furnace aerosol reactor, through the thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP). The influence of parameters such as reaction temperature, residence time, precursor concentration, and the introduction of bipolar charges on sub-2 nm particle size distributions were studied. A first order reaction rate derived from the dependence of size distributions on reaction temperature matched well with existing literature data. The change in precursor residence time and precursor concentration altered the size distributions correspondingly, indicating the occurrence of TTIP thermal decomposition. The introduction of bipolar charges in aerosol reactors enhanced the consumption of reactants, possibly due to ion-induced nucleation and induced dipole effects.
The infrared spectrum of InCl3 in solid argon

Abstract We report the infrared spectrum of InCl 3 in solid argon. The observed spectrum is consistent with a planar D 3 h structure for this molecule.
Maximum-entropy ansatz for nonlinear-response theory.

An approximate nonlinear-response theory is derived by maximizing the information theoretic entropy in the space of fluctuations J(t) of the degree of freedom of interest, subject to constant-energy dissipation in the external field. The resulting formalism expresses all cumulant averages of J(t) in an external field in terms of equilibrium cumulants.
Recruitment strategies for a fall prevention program: If we build it, will they really come?

BACKGROUND: More than one third of adults over the age of 65 suffer a fall each year, facing morbidity and mortality. Modifiable risk factors for falls have been identified, but specific recruitment strategies for prevention programs have not been evaluated. The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate recruitment strategies for a fall prevention program. METHODS: Participants were recruited during an 11-month period at a Level I trauma center. Participants were eligible if >65 years old, living independently, and had a fall. Recruitment modalities included (1) emergency medical services, (2) emergency department (ED), (3) primary care providers, and (4) media exposure leading to self-referral. Data were collected on baseline rate of fall victims seen in the ED, demographics, medical history, and source of referral. RESULTS: There were 91 individuals referred, with 61 (67%) enrolled. Enrollment rates were higher among patients referred by self or primary care providers than among those referred by emergency medical services or the ED. There were no significant differences in demographics or medical history among the eligible but not referred ED population, the referred population, and the enrolled population. Reasons for not enrolling included inappropriate referral (33%), no response (17%), other illness (13%), and patients thinking that they do not need the services (37%). CONCLUSIONS: These recruitment strategies were successful in enrolling a representative population of patients at risk for recurrent falls, but could be improved to capture more potential participants. Source of referral has a significant effect on rate of enrollment. We outline challenges and solutions to recruitment. Language: en
Transmedia in the classroom: breaking the fourth wall

While transmedia storytelling surrounds us in our daily lives as we experience ubiquitous market campaigns, there is a dearth of documented instances of transmedia storytelling being used for curricular purposes within formalized learning environments. This paper discusses the theory, design, and implementation of a transmedia story used as an avenue to further contextualize and unpack several works by Edgar Allen Poe in a 9th and 10th grade language arts class in the United States. Connections to game literature are made. Teacher and student responses to the experience are documented.
Empirical mode decomposition of hyperspectral images for segmentation of seagrass coverage

Seagrasses are an integral part of the marine ecosystem, and can provide information about their environment based on their surface content. In particular, epiphytes and epifauna on seagrass blades are of interest to scientists. Empirical mode decomposition is applied to hyperspectral images obtained from seagrasses to separate hyperspectral data into component modes, and then to segment and classify the seagrass coverage. A sample spectrum is taken from the image for reference for each of the classes (seagrass leaf, tubeworm, epiphyte). Hypothesis testing on the higher modes for an entire image gives a semi-automated algorithm for classifying the contents of unknown spectra. A classifier is developed to segment the seagrass hyperspectral images and identify epiphytes on the seagrasses.
Numerical Techniques for Computing Rotordynamic Properties of Mechanical Gas Face Seals

The gas film stiffness and damping properties for a spiral grooved mechanical face seal in a flexibly mounted stator configuration are computed using the step jump method and a novel direct numerical frequency response method. The seal model has three degrees of freedom, including axial displacement of the stator and two stator tilts about mutually perpendicular diametral axes. Results from both methods agree well with previously published results computed using the perturbation method, but the two new methods have the advantage of employing computer programs used in the direct numerical simulation of motion. Based on the linearized analysis, the two angular modes are proven to be coupled together and decoupled from the axial mode. Anomalies in the gas film properties tend to occur at large compressibility numbers. The step jump method requires less computing time than the direct frequency response method but at a sacrifice in accuracy at high excitation frequencies.
Structural Constraints for Alcohol‐Stimulated Ca2+ Release in Neural Crest, and Dual Agonist/Antagonist Properties of n‐Octanol

Background: Prenatal ethanol exposure is a leading cause of mental retardation. Alcohol damages susceptible neuronal populations through its alteration of signaling pathways that direct cellular activity and survival. In early neural crest cells, ethanol elicits an intracellular Ca2+ transient that is necessary and sufficient to cause apoptosis. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol's activity represents a saturable and selective effect of alcohols upon this pathway. Methods: Fura-2–loaded chick embryos, at the 3-somite stage, were exposed to n-alcohols ranging in size from ethanol (C2) to decanol (C10). Thereafter, Ca2+ mobilization was measured using Fura-2 and ratiometric imaging. Apoptosis was assessed using acridine orange uptake. Results: Ethanol caused the dose-dependent mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ within neural crest populations, with an EC50 of 52.0 mM. n-Alcohols displayed increasing potency for Ca2+ mobilization through pentanol. Hexanol and heptanol were inactive. Unexpectedly, micromolar n-octanol concentrations triggered significant Ca2+ release and apoptosis in a G-protein–dependent manner. Decanol was inactive. Coaddition of either octanol or decanol antagonized the ability of ethanol to stimulate Ca2+ release. Conclusions: The selective, saturable effect of n-alcohols upon Ca2+ mobilization in neural crest is consistent with a hypothesis that ethanol stimulates these signals through specific interaction with one or more alcohol-binding sites on a target protein. Octanol may overcome structural constraints imposed upon C6 and C7 in interacting with this protein target; alternatively, it may interact through a unique binding site.
Determining Light Intensity For Use With Intermittent Or Rotating Prism Cameras Utilizing A Cinematographic Light Intensity Translator

A problem at test ranges is the acquisition of valid light intensity measurements at remote camera tracking or fixed camera sites. After all instrumentation is set up and ready to go, one of the last things to be done is to determine what f/stops and shutter settings should be used. Known factors always exist, such as type of camera (intermittent or rotating prism), and type of film in use. Assuming the operator has no automatic exposure control, he now has to measure the ambient light. Keep in mind that not all personnel who track or set up cameras are professional photographers. The operator may use his light meter to take a reading, or it may have been forgotten, misplaced, or dropped, out of calibration, or have weak or no batteries. Or worse, he may use the light meter incorrectly. Use of the Cinematographic Light Intensity Translator eliminates the inconsistencies of range light measurements. The Range Camera Controller (coordinator) has the light measurement console at one central location with a primary sensor and remote sensors located as needed. By rotating a thumbwheel, the controller can select the output of a specific sensor at any given time. By looking at the CRT display, he can give any range camera operator the specific setting. Prior to the test, the controller enters all known camera factors for up to 50 functional stations into the minicomputer using the alphanumeric switch matrix on the control unit. The remote sensors, usually placed near the impact target or near ground zero, continuously generate and transmit the EV. All settings are given to the camera operators via rf radio net. At Tonopah Test Range (TTR), I have sent out changes within 90 seconds of drop or firing time without interrupting the test. The CRT also displays whether the film from each camera location needs to be under, or force processed.
Regulation of transcription of the reovirus genome

Abstract Previously, it was shown that the major part of the nucleic acid of reovirus is comprised of segments of double-stranded RNA that occur in three size-classes. In the present work the viral double-stranded RNA has been resolved into six classes by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel columns. From such analyses it is suggested that the most likely number of segments in the viral genome is ten and, if this is the case, three of the six classes separated by electrophoresis contain single segments of double-stranded RNA. Each class of double-stranded RNA was found to be copied into a corresponding messenger RNA in the infected cell, and the relative amounts of the various messengers was determined by hybridizing with double-stranded RNA and analyzing the products by gel electrophoresis. When such analyses were carried out at different times after infection, it was found that certain classes of messenger RNA were made earlier than others, suggesting a regulation in transcription of the viral genome. Inhibition of protein synthesis by addition of cycloheximide at the time of infection permitted only a limited number of the double-stranded viral RNA segments to be transcribed, suggesting that the early messengers might be synthesized by a pre-existing polymerase.