cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative comparison of high-resolution MRI and myelin-stained histology of the human cerebral cortex

The architectonic analysis of the human cerebral cortex is presently based on the examination of stained tissue sections. Recent progress in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) promotes the feasibility of an in vivo architectonic analysis. Since the exact relationship between the laminar fine-structure of a cortical MRI signal and histological cyto-and myeloarchitectonic staining patterns is not known, a quantitative study comparing high-resolution MRI to histological ground truth images is necessary for validating a future MRI based architectonic analysis. This communication describes an ongoing study comparing post mortem MR images to a myelin-stained histology of the brain cortex. After establishing a close spatial correspondence between histological sections and MRI using a slice-to-volume nonrigid registration algorithm, transcortical intensity profiles, extracted from both imaging modalities along curved trajectories of a Laplacian vector field, are compared via a cross-correlational analysis.
In vitro screening model for the detection of agents active against myelogenous leukemia.

This study was directed at defining the optimal in vitro screening methodology for the selection of new anti-myelogenous leukemia agents. Using thousands of samples of synthetic compounds from the Eastman Pharmaceutical, Inc. and Sterling Research Corporation (Eastman/Sterling) inventory, a number of sequential combinations of 8 cell lines were employed to optimize the model. The cells in these lines were of either murine (L1210 lymphocytic leukemia, C1498 myelogenous leukemia, and colony-forming unit–granulocyte macrophage [CFU-GM]) or human (HL-60, K-562, HEL, and THP-1 myelogenous leukemias, and CFU-GM) origin. The focus of the study was to find the most efficient and cost-effective manner in which to test compounds for both cytotoxicity against the tumor cells and for differential cytotoxicity against tumor as compared with normal cells.
Recurrent myocardial infarctions and premature coronary atherosclerosis in a 23-year-old man with antiphospholipid syndrome

Recurrent myocardial infarctions and premature coronary atherosclerosis in a 23-year-old man with antiphospholipid syndrome -
Re‐framing adolescent literacy research for new times: Studying youth as a resource

Abstract In this paper I analyze various perspectives on adolescence, adolescent literacy, and youth culture to argue that the field of education has not attended adequately to the literacy learning and development of adolescents. Moreover, when researchers and policy makers do attend to adolescent or secondary school literacy, the focus of research or policy is typically on adolescents who struggle with mainstream literacy processes. Drawing from this analysis, 1 contend that if the field would turn its attention to youth and study how they learn increasingly complex literacy practices required in disciplinary discourse communities, how they reinvent literacies for unique contexts, and how they use literacy as a tool to navigate complex technologies and fragmented social worlds, then all literacy could be expanded. Adolescent literacy researchers cannot stop there, however. We must also continue to examine the contexts of secondary schooling, with a focus on the literacy demands made by different content...
Isolated Sleep Paralysis and Affect

Isolated sleep paralysis (ISP) is a potentially terrifying sleep disorder that has received relatively little empirical and clinical attention. However, ISP is a fairly common condition that can cause a variety of negative affective states and even clinical impairment. Many different cultures have discussed ISP for at least the past 2000 years, and it possesses cultural importance. After first reviewing the history of ISP, this chapter systematically reviews the diagnosis of ISP, as well as some of its associated features and individual components (e.g., atonia, hallucinations, and a clear sensorium). All three of these components have the potential to create fear and other negative affective states, leading to clinically significant distress and/or impairment. Finally, this chapter considers the limited data on ISP’s associations with positive affect states.
Spectrochemical determination of trace metals in normal striated muscle in the rabbit.

It may be concluded that by this method of spectrochemical analysis, rabbit striated muscle has a trace metal content not unlike that found by other workers in human and beef striated muscle. Cobalt was found in only 5 per cent of ninety-nine samples; zirconium and tungsten were not found. Molybdenum was found in half the samples, nickel in four-fifths, and titanium in four-fifths. Chromium and iron were detected in all.
An optical sensing approach for the noninvasive transdermal monitoring of cortisol

Cortisol, a biomarker of stress, has recently been shown to have potential in evaluating the physiological state of individuals diagnosed with stress-related conditions including chronic fatigue syndrome. Noninvasive techniques to extract biomarkers from the body are a topic of considerable interest. One such technique to achieve this is known as reverse iontophoresis (RI) which is capable of extracting biomolecules through the skin. Unfortunately, however, the extracted levels are often considerably lower in concentration than those found in blood, thereby requiring a very sensitive analytical method with a low limit of detection. A promising sensing approach, which is well suited to handle such samples, is Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. When coupled with aptamer modified surfaces, such sensors can achieve both selectivity and the required sensitivity. In this study, fabrication and characterization of a RIbased SPR biosensor for the measurement of cortisol has been developed. The optical mount and diffusion cell were both fabricated through the use of 3D printing techniques. The SPR sensor was configured to employ a prism couplerbased arrangement with a laser generation module and CCD line sensor. Cortisol-specific DNA aptamers were immobilized onto a gold surface to achieve the necessary selectivity. For demonstration purposes, cortisol was extracted by the RI system using a skin phantom flow system capable of generating time dependent concentration profiles. The captured sample was then transported using a micro-fluidic platform from the RI collection site to the SPR sensor for real-time monitoring. Analysis and system control was accomplished within a developed LabVIEW® program.
Studies on Chemotherapy in Bird Malaria. 1.-Acquired Immunity in Relation to Quinine Treatment in Plasmodium cathemerium Infections.

(1934). Studies on Chemotherapy in Bird Malaria. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 151-169.
Enhanced fracture resistance in layered discontinuously reinforced aluminium

Bimaterial laminates may produce enhanced fracture resistance in brittle and semibrittle materials. The purpose of the present work was to investigate crack stabilisation in a discontinuously reinforced aluminium (DRA) material via lamination with a ductile aluminium alloy. In particular, the crack growth behaviour of the individual DRA layers in the laminate was compared with that of an equivalent thickness DRA material tested separately. In contrast to the DRA material, the DRA laminate exhibited R curve behaviour in which stable crack growth occurred concurrent with an increased load carrying capacity after fracture initiation, producing both an increase in the toughness and the work of rupture.MST/3520
Ataxia as the Primary Symptom of Lithium Toxicity

Two cases of ataxia as the primary symptom of lithium toxicity are presented. The authors discuss these cases in regard to previous literature. Usually, lithium toxicity is suspected only after a combination of several symptoms appear. This report points out the possibility of lithium toxicity presenting with only one symptom. The possibility of a synergistic effect between Phenytoin and lithium is suggested in one of the cases.
Design and development on general calculation platform of thermal economic analysis for fossil-fired plant

Adopting visual modeling ways,the general platform for the calculating thermal economic index,which is based on the calculation model of energy-efficiency distribution matrix and the actual thermal system divided into graphic-components and function-components,have be developed.The packages fulfill system configuration by block building,automatically identify thermal system and calculate thermal economic index.It is friendly,flexible,simple,expansible and fit for the technicians to use.
White paper: Neuropsychiatric aspects of sensitivity to low-level chemicals: a neural sensitization model

The present paper summarizes the proposed time-dependent sensitization (TDS) and partial limbic kindling model for illness from low-level chemicals; reviews and critiques prior studies on CNS aspects of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS); and outlines possible experimental approaches to future studies. TDS is the progressive and persistent amplification of behavioral, neurochemical, endocrine, and/or immunological responses to repeated intermittent stimuli over time. Partial limbic kindling is a progressive and persistent lowering of the threshold for eliciting electrical afterdischarges, but not motor seizures, in certain brain structures such as amygdala and hippocampus; behavioral consequences include increased avoidant behaviors. The focus of the paper is the controversial claim of altered sense of smell and illness from low levels of environmental chemicals (i.e., "cacosmia"), levels that should not have any biologically harmful effects by the rules of classical neurotoxicology. A major perspective of this paper is that the phenomenology of MCS is similar to that of time-dependent sensitization (reverse tolerance) and tolerance as studied in the substance abuse literature. The TDS model for MCS proposes that neurobiological amplification underlies the symptoms and phenomenology of these patients, including their behavioral features of heightened affective and somatic distress. It is hypothesized that MCS patients, who are mostly women, may be individuals who sensitize to substances rapidly and to the extreme, to the point of aversive symptomatology with less complete capacity for development of tolerance. Possible parallels between MCS and TDS include: (a) initiation by single or multiple intermittent stimuli; (b) lasting changes in subsequent reactivity to low levels of chemically unrelated substances; (c) cross-sensitization between the stressors and pharmacological agents; (d) greater vulnerability of individuals who are female, who have certain genetic characteristics, and/or who may be hyperreactive to novelty (cf. trait shyness); (e) lack of obvious differences between sensitized and unsensitized individuals at baseline without eliciting exposures; (f) bidirectionality (bipolarity) of sensitized responses; (g) both context-dependent (conditioned) and context-independent (unconditioned) amplification of responses. To minimize variability between studies, research in this area needs (a) consensus on a working case definition of MCS or at least of cacosmia as a specific symptom in a subset of well-defined medical and psychiatric disorders; and (b) proper design of chemical challenge studies in MCS, controlling for individual differences in sensitizability and for the properties of sensitization (e.g., repeated intermittent exposure tests) and tolerance (e.g., removal from customary ambient air exposures prior to testing).
Ureteral Obstruction Due to Compression by the Vas Deferens Following Fowler-Stephens Orchiopexy

AbstractA rare complication following a difficult unilateral 1-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy resulting in ipsilateral distal ureteral obstruction is reported. To our knowledge excessive vasal traction during orchiopexy causing partial obstruction at the ureterovesical junction has not been previously described. The complication arose when the transected spermatic vessels allowed tension to be placed solely on the vas when the testis was placed in the scrotum. The vas in turn compressed the ureter during bladder filling.
Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background due to Primordial Binary Black Hole Mergers

Recent Advanced LIGO detections of binary black hole mergers have prompted multiple studies investigating the possibility that the heavy GW150914 binary system was of primordial origin, and hence could be evidence for dark matter in the form of black holes. We compute the stochastic background arising from the incoherent superposition of such primordial binary black hole systems in the Universe and compare it to the similar background spectrum due to binary black hole systems of stellar origin. We investigate the possibility of detecting this background with future gravitational-wave detectors, and conclude that constraining the dark matter component in the form of black holes using stochastic gravitational-wave background measurements will be very challenging.
Use of Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy to Measure Built-in Voltage, Space Charge Layer Width, and Effective Band Gap in CdSe Quantum Dot Films.

Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) was used to study the photochemistry of mercaptoethanol-ligated CdSe quantum dot (2.0–4.2 nm diameter) films on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) in the absence of an external bias or electrolyte. The n-type films generate negative voltages under super band gap illumination (0.1–0.5 mW cm–2) by majority carrier injection into the ITO substrate. The photovoltage onset energies track the optical band gaps of the samples and are assigned as effective band gaps of the films. The photovoltage values (−125 to −750 mV) vary with quantum dot sizes and are modulated by the built-in potential of the CdSe–ITO Schottky type contacts. Deviations from the ideal Schottky model are attributed to Fermi level pinning in states approximately 1.1 V negative of the ITO conduction band edge. Positive photovoltage signals of +80 to +125 mV in films of >4.0 nm nanocrystals and in thin (70 nm) nanocrystal films are attributed to electron–hole (polaron) pairs that are polarized by a space charge ...
Drawing with chemicals

Treatment of photographs with an etch-bleach solution results in images with the appearance of line drawings. For very simple shapes, the image might serve in lieu of a drawing. For more complex subjects, the process will give results more suitable for artistic applications. It is also possible to manipulate the final image by retaining some shadow areas.
Hundred Days: The Campaign that Ended World War I. By Nick Lloyd. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2014. Pp. 900. $29.99.)

Gen. Erich Ludendorff's spring‐summer offensives in 1918 were Germany's last roll of the dice. With Russia beaten, Germany was able to mass more troops and divisions on the Western Front than the A...
Ionic liquid-based hybrid absorption cycle for water heating, dehumidification, and cooling

Abstract Water heating, dehumidification and space cooling are responsible for significant energy consumption in buildings. A potential energy saving measure is to develop hybrid systems that can utilize the sensible and latent heats removed in space cooling to heat water. In this paper, we present experimental results on a hybrid system that utilizes the latent heat released in the dehumidification process for water heating. This system absorbs water vapor from the air and transfers the heat of phase change into the process water. The absorbed water vapor is then liberated in a desorber and subsequently condensed in a condenser, while its latent heat is transferred to the process water. The condensed water vapor can then be either drained (if dehumidification is desired), or utilized in an evaporative cooling process (if sensible space cooling is desired). In essence, the system can exchange both sensible and latent heats with its ambient. The main innovations implemented in the system are (1) a semi-open absorption system architecture to lower the system cost, (2) a membrane-based absorber to alleviate the liquid entrainment issue encountered in the conventional packed bed absorbers and (3) an ionic liquid that eliminates the crystallization risks and minimizes corrosion issues normally associated with LiBr-based absorption systems. A water heating thermal COP of 1.4 is achieved at 30°C, 70% RH ambient conditions.
Nonhuman Primate Models of Ebola Virus Disease

Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans is associated with four ebolaviruses: Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), and Tai Forest virus. To date, no documented cases of human disease have been associated with Reston virus. Here, we describe the nonhuman primate (NHP) models that currently serve as gold standards for testing ebolavirus vaccines and therapeutic agents and elucidating underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. Although multiple models have been explored over the past 50 years, the predominance of published work has been performed in macaque models. This chapter will focus on the most commonly used models.
Proteolytic Activation of Notch Signaling: Roles for Ligand Endocytosis and Mechanotransduction

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses potential roles for DSL ligand endocytosis in Notch signaling, with a focus on the generation of a physical force to mechanically dissociate and activate Notch. The Notch pathway is one of a relatively few signaling systems that is absolutely required for normal invertebrate and vertebrate development; however, Notch signaling also functions in the maintenance of adult cells and tissues. Signaling via the Notch pathway influences a wide range of cell types and cellular processes through effects on cell-type specification, differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and morphogenetic events. Through a process known as lateral inhibition, Notch signaling restricts the selection of specific cell fates from a field of equivalent progenitors. However, Notch signaling induced between compartments of non-equivalent cells directs cell type specification and boundary formation required for tissue patterning and morphogenesis. Moreover, Notch signaling plays a critical role in coordinating binary cell-fate decisions obtained through asymmetric cell division, and losses in Notch signaling produce cell fate transformations. Finally, Notch signaling induced through interactions between stem cells and their adjacent niche cells has been implicated in stem cell survival, maintenance, and self-renewal, possibly reflecting a role for Notch in regeneration and renewal of tissues following injury and during aging in the adult.
Transnational Law, Domestic Courts, and Global Governance

This working paper, which will not be submitted for publication, has been replaced by two separate articles: (1) Domestic Courts and Global Governance, 84 Tulane Law Review 67 (2009), which presents a substantially revised version of the conceptual and methodological argument; and (2) The Evolving Forum Shopping System, 96 Cornell Law Review (forthcoming), which contains an empirical analysis of forum non conveniens decisionmaking. If citing, please cite these new versions. Please do not cite this older working paper without the author’s permission.] Domestic courts are global governors. In the United States federal courts alone, thousands of disputes arising out of transnational activity are heard each year. Substantively, the decisions of courts in these cases allocate resources among transnational actors. Jurisdictionally, they allocate governance authority among sovereign states. When domestic courts publish their transnational litigation decisions, they not only directly affect the litigants; they also provide information about how they are likely to decide similar cases in the future, information that can indirectly influence the strategic behavior of transnational actors beyond a particular dispute. Yet the governance of transnational activity by domestic courts - which I refer to as "transnational judicial governance" - has received little scholarly attention, even though legal scholars and political scientists have long appreciated the role of domestic courts in the governance of domestic activity, and are increasingly interested in the role of international courts in the governance of both domestic and international activity. As a result, we have a very limited understanding of how domestic courts behave as global governors, and why they govern the way they do. In this paper, I propose a governance-oriented approach for analyzing transnational law aimed at improving our understanding of transnational judicial governance. In Part I, I clarify the concept of transnational judicial governance by exploring the global governance implications of judicial decisionmaking in transnational litigation, and I attempt to demonstrate the importance of transnational judicial governance as a distinct object of study. Part II describes the governance-oriented approach, including its focus on transnational law in action and on the broad implications of domestic court decisionmaking for transnational activity, and notes its affinities with legal realism and the New Haven school of international law. Part III illustrates the governance-oriented approach by applying it to the doctrine of forum non conveniens, using an original dataset of over 200 forum non conveniens decisions made by U.S. district court judges to evaluate this example of transnational judicial governance according to the rule-of-law values of predictability and impartiality. Part IV concludes by using Part III's findings to asses whether domestic courts can effectively foster transnational rule of law.
Heart Transplantation and Mechanical Assistance in the Elderly

Heart failure is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the population 65 and older. While medications offer benefit, many patients progress to end-stage heart failure. Heart transplantation and mechanical assistance offer the hope of improved quality and length of life in patients with end-stage heart failure.
Vocal Expressions of Anger

The empirical literature demonstrates that vocal expressions of Anger are recognized at levels far exceeding chance. Further, several acoustic features of Anger expressions, including intensity, rate, and pitch, appear to serve as the basis for recognition. The standard experimental paradigm for demonstrating recognition of Anger involves actors creating the vocal expressions, pre-selection of stimuli and judges, and forced-choice paradigms for the judges to respond. The possible limitations of this kind of approach are reviewed along with the dominant theories of emotions that are behind the empirical studies. Recent work on embodied cognition as it relates to emotional expressions and suggestions for future studies is discussed.
Improving Assessments of Gender Bargaining Power: A Case Study from Bangladesh

Gender bargaining power has entered into mainstream economic theory and public policy. However, common empirical measures are only loosely related to the theoretical concept, and research has not p...
Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy: Components of Evidence-Based Treatments for Youth and their Parents

Every day, millions of children experience serious mental health issues, such as symptoms related to autism, psychosis, mania, depression, and anxiety. Moreover, many youth struggle with issues related to trauma, eating, sleep, disruptive behavior, and substance use. Most of these youth do not receive evidence-based treatments. Instead, they commonly receive untested, ineffective, and even harmful treatments. Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy presents the research-supported treatment packages and their individual components for every major mental health issue facing infants, children, and adolescents. Each chapter also identifies and analyzes other variables and resources that influence treatment: parents, assessment, comorbidity, demographics and medication. Useful resources are included for each mental health issued covered in the book. The chapters are organized in the same order as they appear in the DSM-5.
Nanotube assisted microwave electroporation for single cell pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Abstract A nanotube assisted microwave electroporation (NAME) technique is demonstrated for delivering molecular biosensors into viable bacteria for multiplex single cell pathogen identification to advance rapid diagnostics in clinical microbiology. Due to the small volume of a bacterial cell (~femtoliter), the intracellular concentration of the target molecule is high, which results in a strong signal for single cell detection without amplification. The NAME procedure can be completed in as little as 30 minutes and can achieve over 90% transformation efficiency. We demonstrate the feasibility of NAME for identifying clinical isolates of bloodborne and uropathogenic pathogens and detecting bacterial pathogens directly from patient's samples. In conjunction with a microfluidic single cell trapping technique, NAME allows single cell pathogen identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing concurrently. Using this approach, the time for microbiological analysis reduces from days to hours, which will have a significant impact on the clinical management of bacterial infections.
Nonadiabatic Photodynamics of Retinal Protonated Schiff Base in Channelrhodopsin 2

Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) is a light-gated ion channel and an important tool in optogenetics. Photoisomerization of retinal protonated Schiff base (RPSB) in ChR2 triggers channel activation. Despite the importance of ChR2 in optogenetics, the detailed mechanism for photoisomerization and channel activation is still not fully understood. Here, we report on computer simulations to investigate the photoisomerization mechanism and its effect on the activation of ChR2. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of ChR2 was carried out using the ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS) method and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) with a restricted ensemble Kohn–Sham (REKS) treatment of the QM region. Our results agree well with spectroscopic measurements and reveal that the RPSB isomerization is highly specific around the C13=C14 bond and follows the “aborted bicycle-pedal” mechanism. In addition, RPSB photoisomerization facilitates its deprotonation and partially increases the hydration level in the channel, which...
NP13 Designing Retrospective Evaluation Tools with Low-Literacy Adults: Development Process

Objective Collecting ‘before’ and ‘after‘ ratings at the time of post-testing for program evaluation, reduces the likelihood of response-shift bias with a resulting increase in reliability. This method may be promising for program evaluation, especially where overestimation of initial behaviors are likely with a resulting improvement in intervention outcomes. Applying qualitative methods, the objective is to determine client preferences for retrospective approach and format, and implement those results in two tools of varying length. Description The Nutrition Education Evaluation Model (NEEM) was used to guide selection of approach and development of format for a non-traditional retrospective evaluation. Cognitive interviews were conducted at a food bank in 2006 and at Head Start and EFNEP sites, 2011-2018. Participants were low-income, English or bilingual Spanish speaking and available for an immediate interview. Several strategies were employed: concurrent and retrospective think alouds, paraphrasing probes, response format options and restating text. EFNEP educators offered opinions in unstructured discussions. Evaluation Study participants and EFNEP educators recommended one of four approaches: the Post then Pre. They preferred the format featuring each question on row along with two sets of response options flanking the centered question, use of a visual to portray each question, use of color to guide tool instructions, and presence of icons to support ‘before/then’ and ‘after/now’ concepts. Conclusion and Implications Two examples of the visual retrospective method were produced: Focus of Sweet Drinks…Now and Then for an English speaking low-income audience and Focus on Veggies…Now and Then for a Spanish speaking low-income audience. This qualitative method and the study results can be utilized by other researchers and practitioners.
Hypersensitivity and adverse reactions to biologics for asthma and allergic diseases

Introduction: The development of new biologic agents has provided definite therapeutic advances but, like with any new medications, safety remains a concern.Areas covered: Using PubMed, we reviewed the literature on the adverse effects (AE) to five biologics approved for asthma and/or allergic diseases: one anti-IgE (omalizumab), three anti-IL5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab), and one anti-IL4 (dupilumab).Expert opinion: Biologic agents approved for asthma and allergic diseases are generally safe. Most common AE are benign and tolerated, though long-term safety is lacking for most of them. A slightly increased risk of anaphylaxis to omalizumab and reslizumab required the inclusion of a black box warning, informing the patient, the need for post-injection observation period, and the provision of epinephrine autoinjectors for self-administration when needed. Hypersensitivity reactions, mainly urticaria and very rarely serum sickness have occurred.
Re-identification of mobile devices using real-time bidding advertising networks

Advertisers gather data about users and their mobile devices through ads placed within Android and iOS apps. Most of the time, location, device, and app information are linked to the same device using a unique advertising ID (Ad ID). If the Ad ID is not available, advertisers can still use geo-coordinates or IP address to infer links in data gathered from different ad placements. Even though the Ad ID can be disabled by users on both OSes, we demonstrate that advertisers can leave their own unique strings (marks) in the app storage, and use these strings to link information collected from ads. Users cannot clear these marks without losing all data within the app. Because advertising platforms allow connection filtering and geofencing, users who either connect using a non-cellular IP address or allow location access to the app are substantially easier to be rediscovered by the advertiser. We carried out many large-scale experiments on iOS and Android devices involving hundreds of thousands of impressions. We found that on average 49% of impressions from an iOS device, and 59% of Android impressions could be re-identified for less than $5/day per device using this strategy. We subsequently verified this method on 1,727 devices and recovered 660 of them within 48 hours for $86.73. Finally, we explore the behavior of privacy-seeking VPN users. We found that for the majority, their clearnet IP address and location could be unmasked easily using ads.
Comparison of the Perspectives of Medical Students and Residents on the Surgery Learning Environment.

Abstract Background The learning environment plays a critical role in learners' satisfaction and outcomes. However, we often lack insight into learners' perceptions and assessments of these environments. It can be difficult to discern learners' expectations, making their input critical. When medical students and surgery residents are asked to evaluate their teachers, what do they focus on? Materials and methods Open-ended comments from medical students' evaluations of residents and attending surgeons and from residents' evaluations of attendings during the 2016-2017 academic year were analyzed. Content analysis was used, and codes derived from the data. A matrix of theme by learner role was created to distinguish differences between medical student and resident learners. Subthemes were grouped based on similarity into high-order themes. Results Two overarching themes were Creating a positive environment for learning by modeling professional behaviors and Intentionally engaging learners in training and educational opportunities. Medical students and residents made similar comments for the subthemes of appropriate demeanor, tone and dialog, respect, effective direct instruction, feedback, debriefing, giving appropriate levels of autonomy, and their expectations as team members on a service. Differences existed in the subthemes of punctuality, using evidence, clinical knowledge, efficiency, direct interactions with patients, learning outcomes, and career decisions. Conclusions Faculty development efforts should target professional communication, execution of teaching skills, and relationships among surgeons, other providers, and patients. Attendings should make efforts to discuss their approach to clinical decision making and patient interactions and help residents and medical students voice their opinions and questions through trusting adult learner-teacher relationships.
Preparedness and response at long-term care facilities following Hurricane Sandy: A qualitative analysis of experiences and attitudes among staff and administrators.

Background: In late 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the eastern United States. Healthcare infrastructure in New York City—including long-term care facilities (LTCFs)—was affected significantly. The authors examined the impact of the storm on LTCFs 2 years after the event, using a qualitative approach consisting of a semistructured interview focused on preparedness and response. Important insights regarding preparedness and response may be lost by quantitative analysis or outcome measurement alone. During Sandy, individuals at LTCFs experienced the event in important subjective ways that, in aggregate, could lead to valuable insights about how facilities might mitigate future risks. The authors used data from a semistructured interview to generate hypotheses regarding the preparation and response of LTCFs. The interview tool was designed to help develop theories to explain why LTCF staff and administrators experienced the event in the way they did, and to use that data to inform future policy and research. Methods: Representatives from LTCFs located in a heavily affected area of New York City were approached for participation in a semistructured interview. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Recurrent themes were coded based on time period (before, during, or after the storm) and content. A grounded theory approach was used to identify important themes related to the participants’ experiences. Results: A total of 21 interviews were conducted. Several overarching themes were identified, including a perception that facilities had not prepared for an event of such magnitude, of inefficient communication and logistics during evacuation, and of lack of easily identifiable or appropriate resources after the event. Access to electrical power emerged as a key identifier of recovery for most facilities. The experience had a substantial psychological impact on LTCF staff regardless of whether they evacuated or sheltered in place during the storm. Conclusion: Representatives from LTCFs affected by Sandy experienced the preparation, response, and recovery phases of the event with a unique perspective. Their insights offer evidence which can be used to generate testable hypothesis regarding similar events in the future, and can inform policy makers and facility administrators alike as they prepare for extreme weather events in similar settings. Results specifically suggest that LTCFs develop plans which carefully address the unique qualities of extreme weather events, including communication with local officials, evacuation and transfer needs in geographic areas with multiple facilities, and plans for the safe transfer of residents. Emergency managers at LTCFs should consider electrical power needs with the understanding that in extreme weather events, power failures can be more protracted than in other types of emergencies.
All‐solid‐state supercapacitors based on yarns of Co3O4-anchored porous carbon nanofibers

Abstract Developing an efficient all‐solid‐state structural supercapacitor with simultaneous high energy storage and load-bearing capabilities for reducing weight/volume in weight-/weight-restricted applications remains challenging. Relying only on the sole mechanism of the electrical double layer and the existing trade-offs between load bearing and energy storage requirements have limited the overall performance of carbon-based structural electrodes. Herein, we describe the development of ultrafine Co3O4-anchored highly-porous, hollow, N-doped carbon nanofiber yarns (Co-NCFY) as a high performance multifunctional structural electrode with a remarkable performance index representing mechanical and electrochemical properties. The device is designed to benefit from both the pseudocapacitance and double layer mechanisms to store energy. The Co-NCFY show promising electrochemical properties (electrochemical capacity of 713 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1, desirable cycling stability of >92% at 20 A g−1 after >8000 cycles, energy density of 45.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 209 W kg−1), and load-bearing capability (strength and young modulus of 87.4 MPa and 26.4 GPa, respectively). Taking into account both electrochemical and mechanical properties, the Co-NCFY outperform recently reported structural electrode materials (see Ashby chart in graphical abstract). These attractive attributes make Co-NCFY a unique structural electrode material for efficient structural energy storage devices.
Approach to authorship for quality improvement and implementation research.

In 1999, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) unveiled the dire need to make healthcare safer.1 In an effort to reduce harm, improve performance and minimise cost, quality improvement (QI) methodology was identified as an ideal approach to closing the quality gap.1–3 In the years that followed, the dissemination of publications using QI methods increased significantly.4 By 2008, the first edition of the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) Guidelines was published in an effort to support the breadth, usability and rigour of scholarly healthcare improvement work.5 Seven years later, the modified SQUIRE 2.0 Guidelines bolstered the thorough, theory-driven reporting of interventions and improvement efforts to spread generalisable and actionable knowledge.6 Furthermore, the advent of learning health systems, defined by the IOM as a system ‘designed to generate and apply the best evidence for the collaborative healthcare choices for each patient and provider; to drive the process of discovery as a natural outgrowth of patient care; and to ensure innovation, quality, safety, and value in health care’, has brought the value of healthcare improvement work to the forefront in academic centres.7 8 Incorporating continuous improvement and data-driven learning with traditional research methodology and routine care delivery is now common and encouraged. Consequently, the difference between classic human subject research (traditionally separate from routine clinical care) and QI research is increasingly blurred. Newer scientific fields such as implementation science focus on how to implement and disseminate evidence-based practices.9 QI research uses a different framework of improvement science to understand the effects of an intervention on important quality problems.10 While these related fields focus on what gets done in clinical care (compared with what is known), their definitions may differ at local, national and international levels. Regardless, the fact remains that scholarly dissemination of …
Estimating bias from internet non-use for a hybrid web vaccination survey - 2013-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Abstract Objective To maintain acceptable response rates, the cost has grown for vaccination surveys that use traditional data collection modes, such as face-to-face and telephone interviews. Conducting a web or internet survey could be a low-cost alternative. However, because the internet is not used by everyone, we need to study how prevalence estimates in web surveys for vaccination surveillance could be affected by internet non-use. Method We analyzed data from the 2013–2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to assess undercoverage biases from internet non-use by partitioning into proportion of internet non-users and difference in prevalence of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations between internet and internet non-users, respectively. Results The proportion of internet non-users decreased monotonically from 43.3% in 2013 to 35.4% in 2017; however, the undercoverage bias from internet use for pneumococcal vaccination increased from 0.8 to 1.5 percentage points at the same time. Overall, the undercoverage bias was −1.1 and 1.5 percentage points for influenza vaccination and pneumococcal vaccination in 2017, respectively. For both vaccinations, we found large absolute and relative biases among certain demographic subgroups. Conclusions Although the proportion of internet non-users decreased in recent years, undercoverage bias of hybrid internet survey for influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations did not decrease. Despite a small overall undercoverage bias, the bias in subpopulation groups was not negligible.
Narrow Your Universe

Time is an academic leader’s greatest resource and finding hours and minutes to dedicate to development can be challenging. This chapter focuses on providing tools and ideas to help academicians use time allocated for development to best effect. Strategies to narrow the universe to the most promising major gift prospects include wealth screening, attention to research about major donors and high wealth individuals, and creation of simple matrices based on donor financial capacity and affiliation/interest. The matrices serve multiple purposes and can also provide frameworks for collecting donor information and for formulating personalized engagement plans. Finally, the chapter proposes some organizational principles to synthesize data about an academic unit’s alumni population and structure interactions with alumni donors.
Rural young males' acceptance & receptiveness to technology-based interventions for dating violence prevention: A qualitative descriptive study.

Abstract Introduction Rural youth are twice as likely as urban youth to experience some forms of teen dating violence (TDV), and significant barriers to accessing support services for physical, psychological, sexual violence. However, rural youth remain understudied and undersampled. Rural young men, in particular, are at risk for experiencing or perpetrating dating violence influenced by regional and sociocultural risk factors that promote male supremacy ideals while also impeding male help-seeking. Technology-based interventions circumvent some of these risk factors by offering confidential and reliable support. This study investigates rural young males’ acceptability of technology-based interventions for fostering healthy relationships and preventing dating abuse, including their preferences for intervention content and features. Methods Three online focus groups (n = 14) and phone interviews (n = 13) were conducted with rural young males. Participants were stratified by age (15–17 and 18–24 year-olds). Most were White (81%) from the United States Midwest (65%). Semi-structured interview data were analyzed using Qualitative Description (QD), guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Results Three themes identified were (1) Scarcity of Useful Resources, (2) Socio-Structural Challenges for Intervention Uptake, with two subthemes (2a) Rural-Specific Structural Barriers and (2b) Rural Masculinity Disrupting Help-seeking; (3) Finally, participants discussed Functionality and Design Needs, itemizing their intervention “must-have” in terms of content, resources, and features. Conclusion This qualitative study identified obstacles and facilitators to using technology-based interventions for dating violence prevention among young rural males and offers pragmatic “ready-to-use” recommendations for the development of technology-based anti-dating violence interventions for rural youth.
The Measurement of Thermal Diffusivity of Simulated Glass Forming Nuclear Waste Melts

High-level nuclear waste is generated during reprocessing of nuclear reactor fuels. At present, these wastes are stored at various locations in the United States until a final waste form (i.e., glass, SYNROC, Supercalcine, etc.) is chosen as the best method to immobilize these wastes. For borosilicate glasses to be used in this way it is important to determine both its low and high temperature properties. Especially important in the latter category is thermal diffusivity since this parameter can be used in the design of glass melting units needed in this process. Accordingly, the present study was directed at measuring the high temperature diffusivity of three melts of simulated nuclear waste glasses. Their compositions are given in Table 1. All melted easily at moderately low temperatures (900–1200°C).
Self-Taught Visually-Guided Pointing for a Humanoid Robot

Abstract : The authors implemented a system which performs a fundamental visuomotor coordination task on the humanoid robot Cog. Cog's task was to saccade its pair of two degree-of-freedom eyes to foveate on a target, and then to maneuver its six degree-of-freedom compliant arm to point at that target. This task requires systems for learning saccade to visual targets, generating smooth arm trajectories, locating the arm in the visual field, and learning the map between gaze direction and correct pointing configuration of the arm. All learning was self-supervised solely by visual feedback. The task was accomplished by many parallel processes running on a seven processor, extensible architecture, MIMD computer.
Group theory of harmonic oscillators: (V). The harmonic oscillator shell model

Abstract In the present series of papers, we have dealt with the explicit construction of states for a system of n particles in a harmonic oscillator common potential. These states were classified by the irreducible representations (IR) of the symmetry group of the harmonic oscillator, i.e. the unitary group of three dimensionsU3 and its rotational subgroupR3. Furthermore, they are also characterized by the IR of the chain of groups Un ⊃ Sn where the latter groups are respectively the unitary and symmetric group associated with the n particles. In this paper, we show that the shell structure of the n-particle states in a harmonic oscillator potential can be obtained when we characterize further the states by the IR of a group Kn. This group is the semi-direct product of the group of n-dimensional diagonal unitary matrices An and of the symmetric group, i.e. Kn = An ∧ Sn. Using these chains of groups, we construct explicitly shell-model states in the harmonic oscillator potential and from them obtain the fractional parentage coefficients (fpc) in terms of the Wigner coefficients of the groups in the chain. An important result is that the fpc become much simpler when the IR ofU3 are of one and two rows than when they have the most general form of three rows. Thus, for example, for particles in the 2d-1d shell of the harmonic oscillator, the fpc corresponding to a two-row IR ofU3 become a product of the familiar fpc in the p-shell tabulated by Jahn and a reduced Wigner coefficient ofU3 in theU3⊃R3 chain, for which many programs and tables are available. The present analysis may be useful in the many cases of physical interest when one needs the fpc in a multishell state in the harmonic oscillator potential with the IR ofU3 not exceeding two rows.
Suspension of the vaginal cuff and posterior repair following vaginal hysterectomy

Abstract The supports of the pelvic viscera are described. A surgical procedure is presented which suspends the vaginal cuff to shortened cardinal and uterosacral ligaments, corrects any laxity of the fascias, and restores the striated perineal muscle support. The results of this procedure used in 106 patients during the past 6 years is reported. Forty-six patients in this series have been followed for 2 years or longer.