cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of femoral strains with cementless proximal-fill femoral implants of varied stem length.

Abstract Background The design intent of proximally-filling lateral flare femoral stems is to load the endosteal surface of the proximal femur both laterally and medially, to achieve normal bone strains. However, the long stem can contact the femoral cortex and may offload the proximal region to some extent. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine if reducing the stem length, would result in physiologic strain patterns. Methods Using the PhotoStress® method we analyzed 13 femurs intact and with three different stem length implants: stemless, ultra-short and short. The test rig loaded the femoral head by simulating the mid-stance single leg support phase of gait with the ilio-tibial band and the hip abductor forces. The strain distribution with each stem length implant was then compared to the intact strain distribution to determine which was most similar. Findings As the stem length increased the femurs exhibited a typical pattern of reduced proximal strain and increased distal strain. However, there was some variation in this pattern indicating that the exact stem position and the location of its interaction with the endosteal surface of bone was not the same in each femur. Interpretation The stemless design provided the best match compared to the native femur and therefore has the greatest potential to address the shortcomings of a stemmed femoral implant. However, the ultra-short implant also exhibited a strain distribution that closely emulated the intact femur, and may represent the best option as there are still several questions pertaining to stability and alignment of a stemless implant.
Comment on “high resolution Mössbauer spectrum of Fe4N”

Abstract It is shown that a better fit to the Fe4N Mossbauer spectrum observed by Nozik, Wood, and Haacke is obtained with only one Fe species at the face-centered sites and three different orientations of the electric field gradient with respect to the internal magnetic field.
Late recurrence of Hodgkin's disease after partial splenectomy

Abstract The use of laparotomy and splenectomy for staging purposes in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) gained popularity in the early 1970s. 1 Accurate staging and more effective treatment regimens, including combined chemotherapy and irradiation, have resulted in improved patient survival rates. Similarly, an increased number of late complications have been reported, including the development of thyroid disease, second malignancies, and septic complications related to splenectomy. 2,3 Partial splenectomy has been proposed as one method of preventing overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis. 4,6 The authors present a case of recurrence of HD, which occurred in the splenic remnant 13 years after the initial treatment. This case demonstrates that the spleen is a potential for recurrent intraabdominal Hodgkin's disease after partial splenectomy; thus, the use of partial splenectomy for HD should be discouraged.
Do Postliver Transplant Patients Need Thromboprophylactic Anticoagulation

Postoperative thromboprophylactic anticoagulation against Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is standard of care with current evidence-based guidelines. However, majority of liver transplant (LT) patients have thrombocytopenia and/or prolonged INR before surgery. Studies or guidelines regarding role of prophylactic anticoagulation after LT are lacking. There is a need to balance the risk of thrombosis with significant hemorrhage, implying those needing transfusion or return to OR due to bleeding. We conclude that after LT, anticoagulation is not required routinely for DVT/PE prophylaxis. Rather, it is indicated in specific circumstances, chiefly for prophylaxis of hepatic artery thrombosis or portal vein thrombosis in cases with use of grafts, pediatric cases, small size vessels, Budd Chiari syndrome, amongst others.
Relationship between water quality, phytoplankton community and off-flavors in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) production ponds

Abstract Off-flavor in the flesh of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) and in the pond water was studied under two recirculation regimens in twelve 0.04-ha ponds stocked with 15 000 fingerling channel catfish/ha. Water was recirculated through a biological filter by centrifugal pumping for 24 h in six ponds and for 12 h in the other six ponds. In each pond, food quality, phytoplankton populations, and geosmin and 2-methylisobomeol (MIB) concentrations were evaluated weekly during the last 8 weeks of the growing season (mid September to early November). Food quality was determined from average taste panel scores for earthy-musty flavors. Objectionable off-flavor was detected by the trained panel in 13.5% of the 96 sample units (ponds × weeks). Levels of geosmin and MIB in the water ranged from 0.000 to 0.097 μg/l for geosmin (excepting one measurement of 0.649 μg/l), and 0.039 to 0.356 μg/l for MIB. Off-flavor scores and concentrations of geosmin and MIB in the water did not significantly differ between the two pond recirculation treatments. Objectionable off-flavor scores (> 1.0) were significantly correlated ( P Oscillatoria domination. MIB levels and Oscillatoria dynamics leading to dominance conditions were indicative of off-flavor problems in subsequent weeks and may be used in a predictive manner.
The role of odd-electron intermediates and in-cage electron transfer in ultrafast photochemical disproportionation reactions in Lewis bases.

Femtosecond visible pump−IR probe studies of Cp2W2(CO)6 in P(OMe)3 and CH2Cl2 have allowed direct observation of a 19-electron intermediate and of disproportionation into CpW(CO)3- and CpW(CO)3P(OMe)3+ on the ultrafast time scale. A new disproportionation mechanism involving in-cage electron transfer between a 19-electron intermediate and a 17-electron radical has been proposed.
Characterization of the chicken rhodopsin promoter: identification of retina-specific and glass-like protein binding domains.

Abstract The rhodopsin promoter was analyzed as a prototype for cis -acting DNA elements involved in photoreceptor-specific gene regulation. We report the isolation and sequence of 1.8 kb of 5′ flanking sequence of the chicken rhodopsin gene and analysis of DNA-binding proteins to promoter fragments by gel retardation assay. These analyses identified retina- and brain-specific protein binding to several regions of the rhodopsin promoter both proximal and distal to the transcription start site. The tissue-specific protein binding patterns were consistent with that proposed previously based on the expression pattern of rhodopsin promoter- lacZ constructs in transgenic mice (1, 2). The data also confirm the presence of the chicken homolog to a rat retina-specific binding site in the proximal promoter described previously. The Drosophila glass gene, which encodes a site-specific DNA-binding zinc-finger protein, is known to be required for the normal development of all photoreceptors in this species (3). In this paper we identify a glass-like sequence motif in chick, which shows homology to the Drosophila Rh 1 27-bp glass -binding sequence, and find that the chick glass-like element exhibits tissue-specific protein binding properties which parallel those observed with Drosophila glass.
Many Parents Report Their Child’s Breathing and Sleep Patterns During Overnight Sleep Study as Atypical

Many parents report their child’s breathing and sleep patterns during overnight sleep study as atypical. Objective: To determine how closely parents/guardians of children undergoing polysomnography (PSG) felt the breathing and sleep patterns observed during PSG resembled those typically seen at home. Methods and subjects: Retrospective chart and post-PSG questionnaire review of 200 consecutive PSGs. Results: In all, 19 questionnaires were not completed, and 5 were only partially completed. A total of 115 respondents (64.2%) described the child’s breathing patterns as “typical,” 6 (3.4%) as “louder,” and 58 (32.4%) as “quieter” than usual. Overall 69 respondents (38.7%) described the child’s sleep as “typical,” 45 (25.2%) as “more restless,” and 21 (11.8%) as “better” than usual; 45 respondents (25.2%) described a longer and 16 (9%) a shorter sleep latency than usual. Conclusion: Many respondents felt their child’s breathing (35.8%) and sleeping (61.3%) patterns the night of the PSG did not reflect those u...
Cosmological signatures of interacting neutrinos

We investigate signatures of neutrino scattering in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and matter power spectra, and the extent to which present cosmological data can distinguish between a free-streaming or tightly coupled fluid of neutrinos. If neutrinos have strong nonstandard interactions, for example, through the coupling of neutrinos to a light boson, they may be kept in equilibrium until late times. We show how the power spectra for these models differ from more conventional neutrino scenarios, and use CMB and large scale structure data to constrain these models. CMB polarization data improves the constraints on the number of massless neutrinos, while the Lyman-alpha power spectrum improves the limits on the neutrino mass. Neutrino mass limits depend strongly on whether some or all of the neutrino species interact and annihilate. The present data can accommodate a number of tightly coupled relativistic degrees of freedom, and none of the interacting-neutrino scenarios considered are ruled out by current data—although considerations regarding the age of the Universe disfavor a model with three annihilating neutrinos with very large neutrino masses.
Relationship of scarlet prawns (Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus) to a benthic oil deposit off the north-west coast of Aruba, Dutch West Indies

Abstract Catch data resulting from sampling efforts off the north-west coast of Aruba, Dutch West Indies, demonstrated a greater catch rate of crustacea in areas where benthic oily material was collected as compared to adjacent areas where there was no oil. Scarlet prawns (Plesiopenaeus edwardsianus) were there times more abundant in the areas where benthic oil was found. They contained no isoprenoid hydrocarbons of the type common to most biological material or the type common to petroleum. However, they did contain an unusual n-paraffin hydrocarbon series (n-C22, n-C25, n-C28, n-C31, n-C34), and in the areas where the benthic oily material was collected the prawns contained much greater quantities of the five n-paraffins given in the above sequence. A probable explanation for the greater abundance of crustacea in the area affected by the oily material is discussed. The accumulation and metabolism of hydrocarbons by marine organisms and how these processes relate to scarlet prawns are also discussed.
Comparison of the deskewed short-time correlator and the maximum likelihood correlator

Cross correlation of broad-band Doppler-scaled signals in noise is degraded by the Doppler-induced loss of signal coherence. The maximum likelihood correlator (MLC) compensates for Doppler scaling by time companding one of the two input waveforms, providing optimal differential time delay and relative time companding estimates. The price paid in using the MLC is significant implementation complexity. This paper compares a more efficient suboptimal technique, the deskewed short-time correlator (DSTC), with the MLC. Expressions for the output SNR of the MLC and DSTC are derived, as are expressions for DSTC accuracy of estimating differential time delay and relative time companding. Numerical evaluation of these expressions for low-pass white signal and noise shows that DSTC output SNR is only fractional dB below optimum, and estimation accuracy approaches the appropriate Cramer-Rao lower bounds. Comparison of implementation complexity indicates that the DSTC requires similar storage while reducing the number of computations by more than an order of magnitude. The deskewed short-time correlator is thus shown to provide implementational simplicity and near-optimal performance.
A retrospective assessment of outcomes of chemotherapy-based versus radiation-only adjuvant treatment for completely resected stage I-IV uterine carcinosarcoma.

Purpose To determine the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a cohort of patients who received either platinum-based chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy (pelvic or WAI), or RT alone.
Preparation and preliminary evaluation of 4-[211At]astato-N-piperidinoethyl benzamide.

Abstract The potential therapeutic agent, 4-[ 211 At]astato- N -piperidinoethyl benzamide (4-APAB) was synthesized via a halodestannylation reaction. Radiochemical yields were 69% for a 5 min reaction and reached 74% by 25 min, whereas 82% radiochemical yields were obtained under similar reaction conditions for radioiodination. A simplified procedure was adopted for the purification of the target compound. In vitro binding of 4-APAB to SK-MEL 28 melanoma and D247 glioma cell lines was 20.7 ± 1.3% and 12.2 ± 1.3%, respectively. In comparison, binding of 4-[ 131 I]iodo- N -piperidinoethyl benzamide (4-IPAB) to SK-Mel 28 cells was 13.9 ± 1.9%. Paired label biodistribution studies were performed in normal Balb/c mice using 4-IPAB and 4-APAB. Thyroid uptake at 1, 2, and 6 h was significantly higher for 4-APAB. Differences in liver accumulation between the two compounds were small but statistically significant at most time points. A higher accumulation of 211 At compared with 131 I was observed in lungs and spleen at all time points studied. These results indicate that 4-APAB is not stable in vivo , suggesting the need for a better σ receptor ligand for use with 211 At.
Timing and Intensity of Vastus Muscle Activity During Functional Activities in Subjects With and Without Patellofemoral Pain

Background and Purpose. Differences in intensity and timing of muscle activity between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles have been hypothesized as contributing to lateral patellar tracking and patellofemoral pain (PFP). The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there were differences in the activity of the vastus muscles that would be suggestive of patellar instability in subjects with PFP. Subjects. Twenty-six subjects with PFP and 19 subjects without PFP participated in the study. Methods. Fine-wire electromyography was used to record activity of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus medialis longus, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius muscles during level walking, stair climbing, and walking on ramps. Knee motion was assessed using a six-camera motion analysis system. Results. No differences in onset or cessation of muscle activity was found among the vastus muscles for either group, regardless of condition. Subjects with PFP demonstrated less activity of all vastus muscles for level walking and ramp walking than did subjects without PFP. Conclusions and Discussion. These results do not support the hypothesis that timing or intensity differences between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles are associated with PFP.
Semi-Crowdsourced Clustering: Generalizing Crowd Labeling by Robust Distance Metric Learning

One of the main challenges in data clustering is to define an appropriate similarity measure between two objects. Crowdclustering addresses this challenge by defining the pairwise similarity based on the manual annotations obtained through crowdsourcing. Despite its encouraging results, a key limitation of crowdclustering is that it can only cluster objects when their manual annotations are available. To address this limitation, we propose a new approach for clustering, called semi-crowdsourced clustering that effectively combines the low-level features of objects with the manual annotations of a subset of the objects obtained via crowdsourcing. The key idea is to learn an appropriate similarity measure, based on the low-level features of objects and from the manual annotations of only a small portion of the data to be clustered. One difficulty in learning the pairwise similarity measure is that there is a significant amount of noise and inter-worker variations in the manual annotations obtained via crowdsourcing. We address this difficulty by developing a metric learning algorithm based on the matrix completion method. Our empirical study with two real-world image data sets shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art distance metric learning algorithms in both clustering accuracy and computational efficiency.
Culture sits in places: reflections on globalism and subaltern strategies of localization

The last few years have seen a resurgence of interest in the concept of place in anthropology, geography, and political ecology. “Place” — or, more accurately, the defense of constructions of place — has also become an important object of struggle in the strategies of social movements. This paper is situated at the intersection of conversations in the disciplines about globalization and place, on the one hand, and conversation in social movements about place and political strategy, on the other. By arguing against a certain globalocentrism in the disciplines that tends to effect an erasure of place, the paper suggests ways in which the defense of place by social movements might be constituted as a rallying point for both theory construction and political action. The paper proposes that place-based struggles might be seen as multi-scale, network-oriented subaltern strategies of localization. The argument is illustrated with the case of the social movement of black communities of the Pacific rainforest region of Colombia. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A silver lining to white flight? White suburbanization and African–American homeownership, 1940–1980

Between 1940 and 1980, the homeownership rate among metropolitan African–American households increased by 27 percentage points. Nearly three-quarters of this increase occurred in central cities. We show that rising black homeownership in central cities was facilitated by the movement of white households to the suburban ring, which reduced the price of urban housing units conducive to owner-occupancy. Our OLS and IV estimates imply that 26 percent of the national increase in black homeownership over the period is explained by white suburbanization.
Synopsis of Harrisia Including a Newly Described Species, Several Typifications, New Synonyms, and a Key to Species

Abstract. Harrisia is a genus of cacti native to South America and the Caribbean. Herbarium specimens, field studies, and cultivated plants were used to revise the genus. Harrisia caymanensis is described from the Cayman Islands. Typifications of 10 names of Harrisia are designated here. The type of H. taetra is clarified. Four names are newly synonymized. An identification key is provided for the 18 recognized species.
On the in-plane motion of thin, rotating ring segments

Abstract The equations governing the motion of a thin, circular ring, rotating about its polar axis, are derived under the restriction that plane sections remain plane and normal to the deformed centroidal curve. Simplified equations are then obtained for displacements that are small in comparison to the ring thickness, and for time scales that are comparable with the period of flexural vibration. Solutions are obtained for free vibration, and numerical results presented for the frequencies and mode shapes of a semi-circular ring fixed at both ends. The solution for forced motion is shown to be expressible as a modal expansion in these characteristic functions.
Analysis of 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe and Other Dimethoxyphenyl-N-[(2-Methoxyphenyl) Methyl]Ethanamine Derivatives on Blotter Paper

In recent years, N-methoxybenzyl-methoxyphenylethylamine (NBOMe) derivatives, a class of designer hallucinogenic drugs, have become popular drugs of abuse. These drugs have been the cause of severe intoxications and even deaths. They act as 5-HT2A receptors agonists and have been reported to produce serotonin-like syndrome with bizarre behavior, severe agitation and seizures persisting for as long as 3 days. The most commonly reported derivatives are 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe, respectively 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methyl]ethanamine, N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine and N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-chlorophenethylamine. Like many low dose hallucinogenic drugs these compounds are often sold on blotter paper. Three different types of commercially available blotter papers reported to contain NBOMe derivatives were obtained. These blotter papers were screened using Direct Analysis in Real Time AccuTOF(TM) mass spectrometry followed by confirmation and quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrapole mass spectrometry. The major drug present on each of the three blotter products was different, 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe or 25B-NBOMe. The blotter papers were also found to have minute amounts of two or three NBOMe derivative impurities of 25H-NBOMe, 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe and/or 25D-NBOMe.
Equations for Plate-Beam Systems in Transverse Bending

Recurrent equations for combined plate-beam systems are derived on basis of discrete model that has previously been shown to be finite difference analog of continuum model of plate; equations presented include effects of flexural and torsional stiffness of beams.
Understanding judicial review of hospitals' physician credentialing and peer review decisions

The article discusses the various legal theories available to physicians whose hospital privileges have been limited or revoked by a hospital through a hospital's credentialing or peer review processes. The article reviews the history of the hospital-physician relationship and discusses the sometimes competing interests of physicians, hospitals, and the public. The article distinguishes judicial review of public hospital physician credentialing decisions which involve constitutional due process and equal protection rights, from judicial review of private hospital physician credentialing decisions which do not. The article identifies and discusses the breach of contract theory based on hospital medical staff bylaws; common law theories rooted in fiduciary duties and common law fair procedure; and state statutory rights affording immunities and procedures for hospital credentialing decisions and imposing judicial standards of review.
Cerebral lactate metabolism in near-term fetal sheep

The present study was designed to see if lactate can cross the blood-brain barrier of the near-term fetal sheep and replace glucose as an oxidative substrate during normoglycemia and acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Cerebral uptake of glucose, oxygen, lactate, and [14C]lactate as well as cerebral production of 14CO2 were measured under three conditions: 1) normoglycemia-normolactemia, 2) acute hypoglycemia-normolactemia, and 3) hypoglycemia-steady-state hyperlactemia. Although uptake of tracer [14C]lactate was consistent, there was no net uptake of unlabeled lactate during either normoglycemia or hypoglycemia. When arterial lactate concentration was raised from 2.2 +/- 0.5 to 3.3 +/- 0.4 (SE) mM by sodium lactate infusion, however, lactate was taken up. Comparison of cerebral [14C]lactate uptake with 14CO2 production indicated that the principal metabolic fate of lactate is oxidation. At increased concentrations, exogenous lactate accounted for approximately 7% of cerebral oxygen consumption. This study demonstrates that lactate crosses the blood-brain barrier of the near-term fetal sheep, is oxidized, and at elevated concentrations can partially replace glucose as an oxidative substrate during acute hypoglycemia.
High Variation of Intravitreal Injection Rates and Medicare Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Payments per Injection in the United States

Purpose To estimate geographic variation of intravitreal injection rates and Medicare anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug costs per injection in aging Americans. Design Observational cohort study using 2013 Medicare claims database. Participants United States fee-for-service (FFS) Part B Medicare beneficiaries and their providers. Methods Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data furnished by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services was used to identify all intravitreal injection claims and anti-VEGF drug claims among FFS Medicare beneficiaries in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2013. The rate of FFS Medicare beneficiaries receiving intravitreal injections and the mean Medicare-allowed drug payment per anti-VEGF injection was calculated nationally and for each state. Geographic variations were evaluated by using extremal quotient, coefficient of variation, and systematic component of variance (SCV). Main Outcome Measures Rate of FFS Medicare Part B beneficiaries receiving intravitreal injections (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code, 67028), nationally and by state; mean Medicare-allowed drug payment per anti-VEGF injection (CPT code, 67028; and treatment-specific J-codes, J0178, J2778, J9035, J3490, and J3590) nationally and by state. Results In 2013, the rate of FFS Medicare beneficiaries receiving intravitreal injections varied widely by 7-fold across states (range by state, 4 per 1000 [Wyoming]–28 per 1000 [Utah]), averaging 19 per 1000 beneficiaries. The mean SCV was 8.5, confirming high nonrandom geographic variation. There were more than 2.1 million anti-VEGF drug claims, totaling more than $2.3 billion in Medicare payments for anti-VEGF agents in 2013. The mean national Medicare drug payment per anti-VEGF injection varied widely by 6.2-fold across states (range by state, $242 [South Carolina]–$1509 [Maine]), averaging $1078 per injection. Nationally, 94% of injections were office based and 6% were facility based. Conclusions High variation was observed in intravitreal injection rates and in Medicare drug payments per anti-VEGF injection across the United States in 2013. Identifying factors that contribute to high variation may help the ophthalmology community to optimize further the delivery and use of anti-VEGF agents.
Comparison of epidemiological markers for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from food poisoning

Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning, is the most prevalent among bacterial food poisoning in Japan. Study of epidemiologic markers is important in an attempt to trace the source of contamination. The purpose of this study was to compare seven different typing methods (serotyping, plasmid profile, antibiogram, phage susceptibility. TDH production, tdh and trh gene and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) for V. parahaemolyticus. Outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus food poisoning which occurred during the 13 years from 1981 to 1993 numbered 43 including 481 cases in Nagano Prefecture. Serovar O4:K8 was the most prlevalent serovar isolated, serovar O2:K3, O4:K63 and O3:K5 followed. Forty one strains of V. parahaemolyticus were used in this study. All of the strains were isolated from 12 food poisoning cases at Nagano Prefectual Research Institute for Health and Pollution. Of the 41 strains, twenty two strains (O4:K8, O4:K63) were sensitive to both phi VP 253 and phi VP 143 phages, six strains (O3:K5) to phage phi VP 143. Thirteen strains (O3:K29, O4:K11, O4:K12 and O5:KUT) were insensitive to both phages. CBPC, CBPC.CEZ and CBPC.CEZ.KM.SM resistant strains was determined in 22 strains out of 41 strains. Five strains of V. parahaemolyticus carried plasmid. Of the 41 strains, thirty nine strains were possessive to tdh gene and productive to TDH. Chromosomal DNA of the isolates from 12 different outbreaks was analysed by PFGE after Not I digestion. PFGE analysis of the digested DNA yielded 11 to 21 DNA fragments. Twelve distinctive fragment patterns were identified in 41 V. parahaemolyticus isolates from 12 different food poisonings. These results showed that the PFGE method is an useful tool to analyse an epidemiological survey for isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning.
Entry and distribution of chlorpromazine and vinblastine into human erythrocytes during endocytosis.

AbstractDrug-induced endocytosis in intact human erythrocytes is a membrane-mediated event involving membrane invagination and fusion. The drugs capable of inducing endocytosis are amphipathic cations and it was thought that they intercalate themselves into the relatively electronegative cytosolic portion of the phospholipid bilayer. The current studies show that at concentrations that produce endocytosis vinblastine and chlorpromazine are not only concentrated in the red cell membrane compartment but reach high levels in the cytosol as well. The suspending medium can produce impressive effects on the extent of endocytosis. Sodium lactate enhances chlorpromazine and vinblastine endocytosis without altering the incorporation or distribution of these agents. Sucrose enhances chlorpromazine and inhibits vinblastine endocytosis, and while it produces no effects on chlorpromazine incorporation it inhibits vinblastine incorporation, thus in part accounting for its effects. It is proposed that the amphipathic dr...
Selected Predators of Aphids in Grain Sorghum and Their Relation to Cotton

There was a seasonal relationship in abundance of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), and several selected predators on field planted sorghum, wheat, and volunteer johnsongrass. As aphid numbers increased on any host, predators also increased. As parasitism decreased aphid population levels in grain sorghum, predator density decreased in that crop. Predator population levels in cotton began to increase at about the same time that predator density began to decrease in sorghum. Based on the relative similarity of the 2 habitats in terms of species composition, the 2 different plant communities became more intimately related as the growing season progressed. Of ca. 500,000 predators captured, marked and released in grain sorghum, 51 or 0.01% were recaptured in nearby cotton.
Method for measuring multiple scattering corrections between liquid scintillators

Abstract A time-of-flight method is proposed to experimentally quantify the fractions of neutrons scattering between scintillators. An array of scintillators is characterized in terms of crosstalk with this method by measuring a californium source, for different neutron energy thresholds. The spectral information recorded by the scintillators can be used to estimate the fractions of neutrons multiple scattering. With the help of a correction to Feynman's point model theory to account for multiple scattering, these fractions can in turn improve the mass reconstruction of fissile materials under investigation.
TWO NEUTRALITY TESTS OF Y-LINKED RDNA VARIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

The evolutionary significance of Y-chromosomal ribosomal DNA sequence variation was tested by two different means. A single sample of males and females was collected from a peach orchard in central Pennsylvania. Wild-caught males and sons of wild-caught, wild-inseminated females were crossed to virgin females having an X-linked rDNA deficiency. Genomic DNA from male progeny of these crosses was extracted and digested with the single restriction endonuclease, DraI. Southern blots of these digestions, when probed with the complete rDNA probe, revealed 10 distinct patterns of restriction fragments. A chisquare test for the homogeneity of the frequency distributions of the sample of wild males and sons of wild females failed to reject a neutral null hypothesis. The allele frequency configuration was tested with the Ewens-Watterson test, and the departure from the infinite alleles neutral model was not significant. Simulations were performed to test the sensitivity of the tests to misclassification and to quantify the power of the two tests.
Statistical Procedure for Validating a Simple Population Model

The statistical validation of time-dependent population process models is a difficult task. There is currently no adequate statistical methodology developed for complex population models that describe agricultural pest populations. In this paper we propose a statistical procedure for such models and point out some present shortcomings in its application. A simplified population process is described to illustrate the application of the statistical test.
Self-regulation and Television Advertising: A Replication and Extension

ABSTRACT Although television stations have the right to reject almost any advertisement submitted for broadcast, exercising that power to protect consumers from potentially false or misleading claims can directly lower station revenues. We replicate a 1986 survey of television station advertising review decisions finding that both requests for substantiation of advertising claims and rejection of commercial submissions fell. Unlike previous research, we find that the stringency of advertising review standards varied sharply by daypart. We also identify factors influencing the stringency of clearance decisions and give practical suggestions for improving advertising review procedures at television stations.
Focus of Attention and Altruism

In recent years several attempts have been made to describe motivational mechanisms underlying altruistic behavior and various mechanisms have been proposed (see Karylowski, 1977, 1982a, for a review). There now seems to be an emerging consensus that altruism is a polimotivated phenomenon and that one-factor theories are insufficient (cf. Bar-Tal, 1976; Piliavin, Dovidio, Gaertner, & Clark, 1981; Reykowski, 1975, 1979; Rushton, 1980; Staub, 1978).
Predictors of dexmedetomidine-associated hypotension in critically ill patients.

Background: Dexmedetomidine is commonly used for sedation in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and its use may be associated with hypotension. We sought to determine predictors of dexmedetomidine-associated hypotension. Methods: Retrospective, single-center study of 283 ICU patients in four adults ICUs over a 12 month period. Univariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with dexmedetomidine-related hypotension. Risk factors significant at the 0.20 level in the univariate analysis were considered for inclusion into a step-wise multiple logistical regression model. Results: Hypotension occurred in 121 (42.8%) patients with a median mean arterial pressure (MAP) nadir of 54 mmHg. Univariate analyses showed an association between hypotension and age (P = 0.03), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score (P = 0.02), baseline MAP ( Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine-associated hypotension is common. Preexisting low blood pressure, history of coronary artery disease, and higher acuity were identified as independent risk factors for dexmedetomidine-associated hypotension.
Advances in Sequencing Technologies for Understanding Hereditary Ataxias: A Review

Importance The hereditary progressive ataxias comprise genetic disorders that affect the cerebellum and its connections. Even though these diseases historically have been among the first familial disorders of the nervous system to have been recognized, progress in the field has been challenging because of the large number of ataxic genetic syndromes, many of which overlap in their clinical features. Observations We have taken a historical approach to demonstrate how our knowledge of the genetic basis of ataxic disorders has come about by novel techniques in gene sequencing and bioinformatics. Furthermore, we show that the genes implicated in ataxia, although seemingly unrelated, appear to encode for proteins that interact with each other in connected functional modules. Conclusions and Relevance It has taken approximately 150 years for neurologists to comprehensively unravel the genetic diversity of ataxias. There has been an explosion in our understanding of their molecular basis with the arrival of next-generation sequencing and computer-driven bioinformatics; this in turn has made hereditary ataxias an especially well-developed model group of diseases for gaining insights at a systems level into genes and cellular pathways that result in neurodegeneration.
Giant coronary aneurysm management with Viabahn covered stent.

Abstract A 68 year old female patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) 1 year previously. At that time she had a giant coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) of the proximal right coronary artery and severe 3 vessel disease including a severe ostial right coronary artery stenosis, severe stenosis of the proximal and mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) and a totally occluded left circumflex artery. She underwent CABG including left internal mammary artery to LAD, aorto-saphenous venous graft (ASVG) to posterior descending artery and ASVG sequential to the first diagonal and obtuse marginal branch. Subsequent computed tomography and invasive angiography demonstrated increasing size of the aneurysm (from 42 by 37 mm to 50 by 42 mm) which was now fed retrograde via the graft to the posterior descending artery in addition to being fed antegrade by the native vessel through a high grade stenosis. Percutaneous covered stent insertion was planned. The aneurysm was traversed with a guide wire, but passage of Viabahn covered stents was difficult due to the 8 Fr guide catheter and the bulky and rigid structure of the Viabahn stent. Using a distal anchoring technique and dual guide catheters, successful passage of two Viabahn stents (two of 5 by 50 mm) was accomplished. The technique utilized is described.
Collective Cognition and Sensing in Robotic Swarms via an Emergent Group-Mind

Algorithms for robotic swarms often involve programming each robot with simple rules that cause complex group behavior to emerge out of many individual interactions. We study an algorithm with emergent behavior that transforms a robotic swarm into a single unified computational meta-entity that can be programmed at runtime. In particular, a swarm-spanning artificial neural network emerges as wireless neural links between robots self-organize. The resulting artificial group-mind is trained to differentiate between spatially heterogeneous light patterns it observes by using the swarm’s distributed light sensors like cells in a retina. It then orchestrates different coordinated heterogeneous swarm responses depending on which pattern it observes. Experiments on real robot swarms containing up to 316 robots demonstrate that this enables collective decision making based on distributed sensor data, and facilitates human-swarm interaction.
Best Practices and Testing Protocols for Benchmarking ORR Activities of Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts Using Rotating Disk Electrode

Thin-film-rotating disk electrodes (TF-RDEs) are the half-cell electrochemical system of choice for rapid screening of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of novel Pt supported on carbon black supports (Pt/C) electrocatalysts. It has been shown that the magnitude of the measured ORR activity and reproducibility are highly dependent on the system cleanliness, evaluation protocols, and operating conditions as well as ink formulation, composition, film drying, and the resultant film thickness and uniformity. Accurate benchmarks of baseline Pt/C catalysts evaluated using standardized protocols and best practices are necessary to expedite ultra-low-platinum group metal (PGM) catalyst development that is crucial for the imminent commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. We report results of evaluation in three independent laboratories of Pt/C electrocatalysts provided by commercial fuel cell catalyst manufacturers (Johnson Matthey, Umicore, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo—TKK). The studies were conducted using identical evaluation protocols/ink formulation/film fabrication albeit employing unique electrochemical cell designs specific to each laboratory. The ORR activities reported in this work provide a baseline and criteria for selection and scale-up of novel high activity ORR electrocatalysts for implementation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Abstract 17512: Differences in Hospital Risk-standardized Mortality Rates for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention by Patient Age Group: Implications for Hospital Outcome Profiling

Introduction: Hospital 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMRs) for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a marker of PCI quality, are only calculated for Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years-old. Whether these data also reflect hospital PCI quality for younger patients is unknown. Hypothesis: Hospital 30-day RSMRs for older patients ≥65 years-old undergoing PCI strongly correlate with 30-day RSMRs for younger patients Methods: We examined all PCI hospitalizations from 12/1/2011 to 11/30/2012 in the NCDR CathPCI registry linked to the National Death Index with direct identifiers. Hospital 30-day RSMRs for older and younger patients were calculated using two measures of 30-day mortality after PCI endorsed by the National Quality Forum. One was designed for patients with STEMI and/or cardiogenic shock (STEMI/shock) and the other was designed for patients without STEMI and without cardiogenic shock (no STEMI/no shock). We calculated the correlation of hospital 30-day RSMRs for older PCI patients with 30-day RSMRs for younger PCI patients among hospitals with ≥25 PCI patients in each age group for both STEMI/shock and no STEMI/no shock cohorts. Results: We identified 112,429 and 524,702 PCI hospitalizations with and without STEMI/shock, respectively (1357 hospitals). Median hospital 30-day RSMRs were 12.3% and 4.4% for older and younger PCI patients with STEMI/shock and 1.3% and 0.4% for older and younger PCI patients with no STEMI/no shock. Hospital 30-day RSMRs for older PCI patients were weakly correlated with 30-day RSMRs for younger PCI patients in both STEMI/shock and no STEMI/no shock cohorts (Pearson R=0.25 and 0.20, respectively) (Figure). Conclusions: Hospital 30-day RSMRs for older patients undergoing PCI poorly correlate with 30-day RSMRs for younger patients. Hospital outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries should therefore not be assumed to reflect hospital quality for all patient groups.
Graphical Modeling of Hybrid Dynamics with Simulink and Stateflow

Simulink and Stateflow are tools for Model-Based Design that support a variety of mechanisms for modeling hybrid dynamics. Each of these tools has different strengths. In this paper, a new modeling construct is presented that combines these strengths to enable graphical modeling of hybrid dynamics within a single Stateflow chart. A new type of Stateflow state that acts as a Simulink subsystem is developed to facilitate graphical modeling of continuous dynamics using Simulink blocks inside Stateflow. Remote textual and graphical state access using new state-accessor blocks enables continuous states to be used in transition guards and reset actions. Key features of this new formalism are illustrated using various examples with hybrid dynamics.
County Context and Mental Health Service Utilization by Older Hispanics.

Background and objectives Although older Hispanics experience high rates of depression, they tend to underuse mental health services. The study examined the association between county characteristics and mental health service use among older Hispanics, controlling for individual characteristics. Research design and methods The study used the 2008-2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Study and linked county-level data from the 2013-2014 Area Health Resources Files and the 2008-2012 Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse, using the Federal Information Processing Standard county code. The sample includes 1,143 community-dwelling Hispanics ages 60 years or older (Level 1) and 156 counties (Level 2) where the sample resides. The single dichotomous measure of mental health service utilization was based on whether or not the respondent met one or more of three conditions: (1) the respondent received care from a mental health professional, (2) received a service including mental health counseling or psychotherapy, or (3) received a service that was related to the International Classification of Diseases. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine the role of county context. Results The proportion of older adults and the existence of community mental health centers at the county-level were associated with mental health services use among this population. At the individual-level, education and mental health status were also associated with using mental health services. Discussion and implications The county context plays an important role in understanding mental health services use among older Hispanics, indicating the need for intervention strategies at the county level.
Formulation and Analysis of a Dynamic Fiber Composite Continuum Model of the Tympanic Membrane

A dynamic continuum model of the tympanic membrane is formulated by accounting for its fibrous structure and including membrane type restoring mechanisms, internal structural damping, curvatures of the drum, and spatially varying properties. Accepted experimental observations are combined with the ultrastructure to argue that bending, torsional, and shear restoring forces are secondary at moderate to high sound pressure levels. The resulting model is sufficiently simple that closed form asymptotic solutions can be found which contain adequate physical content to address questions of the vibrational shape, the transient response, impulse failure, tympanoplasty effects, Eustachian tube coupling and similar related problems.
A Dubious Exercise of Case Consolidation: Center For Biological Diversity v. BP America Production Co.

The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon and the dispersal of millions of gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 generated a mass of litigation. To organize and manage this complex mass, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana created “pleading bundles,” which consolidated similar cases, and provided that each bundle must file a single complaint on behalf of the entire group. In Center for Biological Diversity v. BP America Production Co., the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the district court’s dismissal of most of the Center for Biological Diversity’s claims on the grounds of mootness, and further concluded that the district court was within its discretion when placing the Center’s case into a pleading bundle that did not recognize all of the Center’s claims. This Comment argues that the district court’s consolidation technique prejudiced the Center and was inappropriate.