cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further Advances in Optimizing (2-Phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines as Novel Serotonin 2C Agonists: Effects on Hyperlocomotion, Prepulse Inhibition, and Cognition Models

A series of novel compounds with two halogen substituents have been designed and synthesized to further optimize the 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine scaffold in the quest for drug-like 5-HT2C agonists. Compound (+)-22a was identified as a potent 5-HT2C receptor agonist, with good selectivity against the 5-HT2B and the 5-HT2A receptors. ADMET assays showed that compound (+)-22a possessed desirable properties in terms of its microsomal stability, and CYP and hERG inhibition, along with an excellent brain penetration profile. Evaluation of (+)-22a in animal models of schizophrenia-related behaviors revealed that it had a desirable activity profile, as it reduced d-amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion in the open field test, it restored d-amphetamine-disrupted prepulse inhibition, it induced cognitive improvements in the novel object recognition memory test in NR1-KD animals, and it produced very little catalepsy relative to haloperidol. These data support the further development of (+)-22a as a drug candidate for the treatment of schizophrenia.
The Jetlike Nature of He II λ304 Prominences

High-cadence He II λ304 images recorded with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory show quiescent prominences as organized systems of long-lived jets. The prominence loop arcades consist of chromospheric material that streams continually from one end of each loop to the other; the speeds are typically of order 30 km s-1 and tend to increase along the length of the loop. We suggest that the jets are triggered by magnetic reconnection during the process of flux submergence at the photospheric neutral line.
Evidence for a transient peroxynitro acid in the reaction catalyzed by nitronate monooxygenase with propionate 3-nitronate.

Nitronate monooxygenase is a flavin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the denitrification of propionate 3-nitronate (P3N) and other alkyl nitronates. The enzyme was previously known as 2-nitropropane dioxygenase, until its reclassification in 2010 by the IUBMB. Physiologically, the monooxygenase from fungi protects the organism from the environmental occurrence of P3N, which shuts down the Krebs cycle by inactivating succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase. The inhibition of these enzymes yields severe neurological disorders or death. Here, we have used for the first time steady-state and rapid kinetics, viscosity and pH effects, and time-resolved absorbance spectroscopy of the enzyme in turnover with P3N and the substrate analogue ethyl nitronate (EN) to elucidate the mechanism of the reaction. A transient increase in absorbance at ∼300 nm, never reported before, was seen during steady-state turnover of the enzyme with P3N and oxygen, with no concomitant changes between 400 and 600 nm. The transient species w...
Influence of Powder Characteristics on Sintering Process and Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Nitride Ceramics

The sinterability and thermal conductivity of Y203 doped AlN powders with diverse specific surface areas (42-2.9m 2 g -1 ) and oxygen contents (0.2-2 mass%) were evaluated. It was found that sintering of fine powders induces the densification at lower processing temperatures, and for raw AlN powders with specific surface area larger than 20m 2 g -1 and oxygen content higher than 1.1 mass%, densified specimens were obtained by sintering at 1650°C for 4h. However, the resultant thermal conductivity of AlN specimens fabricated from fine powders was extremely lower than the theoretical thermal conductivity of AlN, at a level of 80 Wm -1 K -1 . The deterioration of the thermal conductivity has been attributed to the agglomeration of primary particles, and to subsequent formation of oxygen-related defect in grown AlN grains occurring at an early stage of sintering.
Adequate muscular strength may help to reduce mortality risk in those with an elevated gamma gap.

Abstract Background An elevated (≥3.1g/dl) gamma gap (Total Protein (g/dl)−Albumin (g/dl)) is associated with increased heart failure risk and an increased mortality risk. Adequate muscular strength is associated with reduced mortality risk, but the potential protective effects of muscular strength on mortality among those with an elevated gamma gap has yet to be investigated, which was this study's purpose. Methods Data from the 1999–2002 NHANES were utilized, with follow-up through 2011. Lower extremity strength was objectively-measured via a knee extensor test. Gamma gap was measured from a blood sample. 2776 participants (50–85yrs) constituted the analytic sample. Results After adjustments, and among those with an elevated gamma gap, a 50N increase in lower extremity strength was associated with a 27% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR adjusted =0.73; 95% CI: 0.65–0.82; P Conclusions Having adequate lower extremity strength in middle-age and older adult years may be of critical importance in reducing mortality risk, particularly among those with an elevated gamma gap.
Analysis of serum concentration of aminophylline for treating asthma in pediatrics

Objective: To observe the correlation between the serum concentration of aminophylline and the clinical effect on pediatric patients with asthma, and to study the factors that affect the serum concentration of aminophylline. Meth ods: The data of 43 pediatric patients with asthma whose serum concentration of aminophylline were determined were assessed retrospectively. Results: The averag e serum concentration of aminophylline was 12.89±5.19 mg/L. 86.0% of the cases had the effective serum concentration of aminophylline (5~20 mg/L). None exceede d 20 mg/L. Combined-usage of drugs always effect the serum concentration of amin ophylline. Conclusions: There is great individual difference in the serum concen tration of aminophylline. It is important to monitor the serum concentration of aminophylline in order to assure the clinical effect.
Engaging the Humanity in Front of You: Family Therapy Task Shifting in the Context of Armed Conflict

In this chapter, I discuss a clinical/supervision case that took place in the humanitarian context of ongoing armed conflict in the Central African Republic. Throughout, I augment my reflections and ideas as a U.S. based family therapy consultant with experiences from other training projects. Addressed in this chapter are some of the effects on citizens families living in the midst of this armed conflict, such as: repeated forced displacement, fear of persecution, and torture. I discuss how I used scaling up strategies, such as task-sharing, along with participant supervision, to support the core capacity building of host country nationals working in the project. I use personal narrative to capture to some degree the personal and professional complexity of the work in form and content. A brief discussion and recommendation for the sustainability of supervision in MHPSS projects is offered.
Recovery of Aluminum from the Aluminum Smelter Baghouse Dust

The extraction of metals from a primary or a secondary resource is achieved by pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Currently, most of metal production plants consist of both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes. Dust generation during the processes is one of the disadvantages of pyrometallurgical plants. Therefore, dust collection systems are installed in metal production plants to capture the emission of air pollutants from their off-gases. Due to environmental problems associated with the dust and high cost of disposal, proper treatments are required to minimize these problems. Recycling some metals from the dust during waste treatment could be a good way to utilize metal resources. In this research, alkaline leaching on the aluminum smelter baghouse dust has been studied with different reagents, bath temperature and pulp densities. Based on the alkaline leaching tests, the recovery of aluminum is high with sodium hydroxide at high temperature and low pulp density. HSC chemistry analysis shows that the product of NaOH leaching on the aluminum smelter baghouse dust is the sodium aluminate.
Rate Coefficient for the Gas‐Phase OH + CHF=CF2 Reaction between 212 and 375 K

Rate coefficients, k(T), for the OH + CHF=CF2 (trifluoroethylene, HFO-1123) gas-phase reaction were measured under pseudo–first-order conditions using pulsed laser photolysis to produce OH radicals and pulsed laser induced fluorescence to measure the OH radical temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured over the temperature range 212–375 K at total pressures between 20 and 500 Torr (He, N2 bath gas). The rate coefficient was found to be independent of pressure over this range of pressure with a temperature dependence that is described by the Arrhenius expression (3.04 ± 0.30) × 10–12 exp[(312 ± 25)/T] cm3 molecule–1 s–1 with k(296 K) measured to be (8.77 ± 0.80) × 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 (quoted uncertainties are 2σ and include estimated systematic errors). Rate coefficients for the reaction of CHF=CF2 with 18OH and OD were also measured as part of this study at 296 and 373 K and a total pressure of ∼25 Torr (He). The isotope measurements were used to evaluate the observed OH radical regeneration. CHF=CF2 is a very short-lived substance with an atmospheric lifetime of ∼1 day with respect to OH reactive loss, whereas the actual lifetime of CHF=CF2 will depend on the time and location of its emission. The global warming potential for CHF=CF2 on the 100-year time horizon (GWP100) was estimated using the present results and a lifetime correction factor to be 3.9 × 10−3.
Electrochemically active porous organic polymers based on corannulene

For the first time, porous organic polymers (POPs) based on the smallest buckybowl, corannulene (BB-POPs) have been synthesized. Three POPs were synthesised via Sonogashira co-polymerization of 1,2,5,6-tetrabromocorannulene and alkyne linkers. BB-POP-3 exhibits the highest surface area (SABET = 560 m2 g−1) and CO2 adsorption of 11.7 wt%, while they retain the redox properties of corannulene.
Nylon-Graphene Composite Nonwovens as Monolithic Conductive or Capacitive Fabrics.

Here we describe a nylon-graphene nonwoven (NGN) composite, prepared via melt-blowing of nylon-6 into nonwoven fabrics and infiltrate those with graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous dispersions, which were further chemically reduced into graphene to offer electrical conductivity. The correlation between the conductivity and the graphene loading is described by the percolation scaling law σ = (p – pc)t, with an exponent t of 1.2 and a critical concentration pc of 0.005 wt %, the lowest among all the nylon composites reported. Monolithic supercapacitors have been further developed on the nylon-GO nonwoven composites (NGO), via a programed CO2-laser patterning process. The nylon nonwoven works as an efficient matrix, providing high capacity to GO and ensuring enough electrode materials generated via the subsequent laser patterning processes. Our best monolithic supercapacitors exhibited an areal capacitance of 10.37 mF cm–2 in PVA-H2SO4 electrolyte, much higher than the 1–3 mF cm–2 reported for typical microsuperc...
Systematic analysis of early phase clinical studies for patients with breast cancer: Inclusion of patients with brain metastasis

Abstract Purpose This systematic review aims to better define the limitations and patterns with which patients with MBC and CNS metastasis are enrolled into early phase developmental therapeutics trials. Methods In June 2016, PubMed search was conducted using the following keywords: “Breast cancer”. Drug-development phase 1, phase 2 or phase 1/2 trials for patients with MBC were included. Multiple-histology trials and trials without an efficacy endpoint were excluded. Results In total, 1474 studies were included; Inclusion criteria for 423 (29%) allowed for CNS metastasis, 770 (52%) either excluded or did not document eligibility of patients with CNS disease. Trials accruing patients with HER2-positive MBC and including targeted therapies had higher odds of allowing for patients with CNS disease (adjusted OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.08–2.2.6; p = 0.019 and 1.49, 95% 1.08–2.06; p = 0.014, respectively). There were also higher odds of accrual of patients with CNS involvement into clinical trials over time (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.12; p Conclusion Most published early phase clinical trials either did not clearly document or did not allow for accrual of patients with CNS disease. Early phase trials with targeted agents or enrolling HER2+ MBC had higher odds of permitting CNS metastases.
Seeking emancipation from gender regulation: reflections on home space for a black woman academic/single mother

Using the work of Judith Butler on gender regulation, Black Feminist Thought (BFT), and autobiographic storytelling, this piece illustrates how essentialist notions of gender, and discourses related to gender create conflict in shaping identity construction for a Black woman academic and single mother (BWA/SM) in the United States. This piece reveals complex gendered and racialized tropes related to notions of motherhood and womanhood, particularly within the author’s own family. Included here is how the author attempts to transcend these complexities in her quest for self-definition and self-actualization, unbridled by gender norms. Yet, race, gender and parental status are significant intersecting categories in identity construction, and inherent in the constructions are hegemonic discourses with which the author continues to grapple. Consequently, the struggle to transcend these forces is further complicated by the limited representation of Black women in the US academy, and by the types of academic work where they find themselves typically situated.
Getting specific about the relationship between pre-entry experience and new venture performance

Pre-entry experience is widely regarded as an important resource of new ventures. However, there is debate on whether pre-entry experience improves new venture performance. While resource-based theory suggests that pre-entry experience represents a valuable resource which improves new venture performance, organizational learning literature warns that pre-entry experience may lead to “competency traps” and decrease new venture performance. Empirical findings also provide mixed support for the argument for the positive relationship between pre-entry experience and new venture performance. This study aims to address the inconsistency on the relationships between pre-entry experience and new venture performance. Meta-analysis results based on 153 empirical studies suggest that pre-entry experience indeed improves new venture performance. However, the relationship is moderated by the level of pre-entry experience (e.g., experience of the founding team vs. experience of individual entrepreneur), the measurement...
Determination of Plane Stress-Strain States of the Plates on the Basis of the Three-Dimensional Theory of Elasticity

We construct a theory of plates loaded only on their sides by loads parallel and symmetric to the median surface. We use the general representation of three-dimensional stress-strain state and exactly satisfy the trivial boundary conditions on the plane surfaces of the plate. The numerical analysis of the three-dimensional stressed state of the plate is reduced to the determination of its two-dimensional state under the assumption that the normal stresses perpendicular to the median surface are negligible. The displacements and stresses are expressed via two two-dimensional harmonic functions. We obtain the homogeneous solutions and develop a numerical-analytic algorithm for the solution of the boundary-value problems posed for rectangular plates.
Transbronchial cryobiopsy for diffuse parenchymal lung disease: a state-of-the-art review of procedural techniques, current evidence, and future challenges

Transbronchial lung biopsy with a cryoprobe, or cryobiopsy, is a promising new bronchoscopic biopsy technique capable of obtaining larger and better-preserved samples than previously possible using traditional biopsy forceps. Over two dozen case series and several small randomized trials are now available describing experiences with this technique, largely for the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), in which the reported diagnostic yield is typically 70% to 80%. Cryobiopsy technique varies widely between centers and this predominantly single center-based retrospective literature heterogeneously defines diagnostic yield and complications, limiting the degree to which this technique can be compared between centers or to surgical lung biopsy (SLB). This review explores the broad range of cryobiopsy techniques currently in use, their rationale, the current state of the literature, and suggestions for the direction of future study into this promising but unproven procedure.
Use of shape-from-shading to characterize mucosal topography in celiac disease videocapsule images.

Use of shape-from-shading to characterize mucosal topography in celiac disease videocapsule images
The Planar Slab Waveguide

In this chapter we establish the fundamental concepts of guided waves. It is perhaps the most important chapter in the book, as almost everything else will build on these concepts. This chapter includes many numerical examples and problems. The homework problems offer many opportunities to test your understanding of the concepts. Due to the transcendental nature of the eigenvalue equations, a computer with numerical analytical software is required to make the computations feasible. You are strongly advised to develop a set of standard programs that can quickly evaluate the basic waveguide parameters of a given structure, based on the material in this chapter. You will find these programs useful as we explore different types of waveguide, mode coupling, and device construction later in the text.
“Open” Conferences: The Value of a Patient’s Presence Throughout a Psychiatric Teaching Conference

Teaching conferences, like other aspects of hospital practice, may unnecessarily exclude patients from full participation. Including the patient throughout the conference has specific therapeutic benefits. This article reviews the legal, clinical and technical aspects of this approval as well as subjective aspects and the role of the countertransference.
Additive Manufacturing of Zr-Based Metallic Glass Structures on 304 Stainless Steel Substrates Via V/Ti/Zr Intermediate Layers

Abstract Welding of dissimilar metals is challenging, particularly between crystalline metals and metallic glasses (MGs). In this study, Zr 65.7 Cu 15.6 Ni 11.7 Al 3.7 Ti 3.3 (wt%) MG structures were built on 304 stainless steel (SS) substrates by laser-foil-printing (LFP) additive manufacturing technology in which MG foils were laser welded layer-by-layer onto the SS substrate with a transition route, i.e., SS → V → Ti → Zr → MG. The direct welding of MG on SS would lead to the formation of various brittle intermetallics and the consequent peeling off of the welded MG foils from the SS substrate, which could be resolved via the use of V/Ti/Zr intermediate layers. The chemical composition, formed phases, and micro-hardness were characterized in the dissimilar joints by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-indentation. Since the intermediate materials were highly compatible with the base metals or the adjacent intermediate metals, undesirable intermetallics were not detected in the dissimilar joint. The bonding tensile strength between the SS substrate and the MG part with intermediate layers was measured about 477 MPa.
Transform Coding of Signals with Bounded Finite Differences: from Fourier to Walsh, to Wavelets

The digital spectral transform method is an important compression tool in signal and image processing applications. The fast Fourier transform algorithms, developed in the 60-s, facilitated the use of transform coding methods for redundancy elimination and efficient data representation. In order to determine the optimal zonal sampling method for a given transform, it is necessary to derive estimates of the transform spectra on a class of input signals. We present a unified approach for deriving upper bounds of spectra of orthogonal transforms on classes of input signals with bounded first and second order finite differences. Based on this approach we obtain estimates of spectra for classical discrete Fourier, Hartley, cosine, sine, as well as Walsh, Haar, and other wavelet transforms. These estimates allow one not only to select the significant transform coefficient packets a priori, but also to compute the maxima of mean-square errors of reconstruction for a given compression ratio and to compare the efficacy of different transforms based on that criterion.
Splittable Zariski surfaces II

AbstractLet k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0 and g∈k[x,y]. Let Xg⊂Ak3 be the variety defined by the equation zp=g(x,y). If g is a product of n linear factors in k[x,y], no...
A near‐haploid clone harboring a BCR/ABL1 gene fusion in an adult patient with newly diagnosed B‐lymphoblastic leukemia

The detection of recurrent genetic abnormalities in B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is critical for risk stratification and therapy-related decisions. Near-haploidy (24-30 chromosomes), a subgroup of hypodiploidy (<46 chromosomes), and BCR/ABL1 gene fusions are both recurrent genetic abnormalities in B-ALL and are considered adverse prognostic findings, although outcomes in BCR/ABL1-positive patients have improved with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. While near-haploid clones are primarily observed in children and rarely harbor structural abnormalities, BCR/ABL1-positive B-ALL is primarily observed in adults. Importantly, recurrent genetic abnormalities are considered mutually exclusive and rarely exist within the same neoplastic clone. We report only the second case to our knowledge of a near-haploid clone that harbors a BCR/ABL1 fusion in an adult with newly diagnosed B-ALL. Conventional chromosome studies revealed a near-haploid clone (27 chromosomes) along with a der(22)t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) in 17 of 20 metaphases analyzed. Our B-ALL fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panel confirmed the BCR/ABL1 fusion and monosomies consistent with chromosome studies in approximately 95% of interphase nuclei. Moreover, no evidence of a "doubled" near-haploid clone was observed by chromosome or FISH studies. This highly unusual case illustrates that while rare, recurrent genetic abnormalities in B-ALL can exist within the same neoplastic clone.
Determination of Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Scores After Hallux Valgus Surgery.

Background:Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) defines a threshold when determining clinically significant treatment improvement. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Mea...
Student-alumni mentoring in the business capstone: An opportunity to both cap and bridge the undergraduate experience

At its best, the undergraduate capstone class in the college of business can both cap the students’ learning experience and bridge that experience to their future careers. Recent trends in manageme...
SIPAT B Score Predicts Mortality in Both BTT and DT Male LVAD Patients

Introduction The Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) score assesses psychosocial and behavioral risk in patients who are undergoing evaluation for heart transplant. The SIPAT score is associated with adverse outcomes including increased rates of rejection, admissions and infections post-transplant. Many Stage D heart failure patients will undergo SIPAT testing, with some receiving an LVAD as bridge to transplant (BTT) and other as destination therapy (DT). However, the role of SIPAT scores in left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) patients remains unclear based on a limited number of studies. The objective of this study assesses whether SIPAT scores were associated with increased mortality. Methods SIPAT scores were documented by a Licensed Master Social Worker for 137 LVAD patients (mean age: 50.0±13 years 35.8% female, 59.8% black)including BTT and DT (57.7%) implanted at Emory University Hospital from 2010 to 2018. The total SIPAT score is comprised of 4 subscales that represent different psychosocial domains: A - patient readiness and illness management, B - social support system, C - psychological stability and psychopathology, and D—lifestyle and substance abuse. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine the association of SIPAT scores with mortality. Results During a follow-up period of 1.58 years [IQR 0.8-2.87], 53 patients (38.7%) died. The mean total SIPAT score was 7.45 ±8.06, and 92.0% of patients classified as excellent-good candidates (total SIPAT score ≤20). There was no association between total SIPAT scores and mortality in the total cohort. However, the SIPAT B subscale was associated with mortality in men after adjusting for age, race, albumin, and renal function (SIPAT B *sex interaction P=0.009). Men who died had a higher mean score on the SIPAT B subscale than those who did not (2.00 ± 3.65 vs. 0.63 ± 1.63, p=0.05). Sex-stratified Cox models demonstrated that the SIPAT B subscale was associated with mortality in men (adjusted HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.11-1.75, p=0.004); but not in women (p=0.4). Conclusions In patients with LVAD, the SIPAT B subscale was associated with an increased risk of mortality in men. These findings suggest that social support may play an even greater role for male patients with LVAD as compared to females. More research is needed to determine which factors clearly define the association between social support and mortality in the LVAD population.
Improved methodology for benefit estimation of highway pavement projects

Abstract This paper offers an improved process for evaluating the benefits and economic tradeoffs associated with a variety of highway pavement projects at the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). It first analyzes the WSDOT current evaluation process and their utilization of the Highway Economic Requirement System (HERS-ST) developed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The assessment identifies some limitations. As a supplement, this study develops the HERS-ST Benefit Application Tool (HERS-ST-BAT) within Excel to improve the HERS-ST software and enhance the capabilities of evaluating highway project analyses. By combining HERS-ST-BAT and HERS-ST, the analyst is able to provide estimates for a variety of regional-level agency and user costs associated with pavement programs and more effectively consider different investment alternatives. Two separate pavement project case studies are selected to apply the HERS-ST-BAT. The results indicate that the improved process is generally applicable to various highway pavement projects. Other transportation agencies, especially for those without a statewide travel demand model, can incorporate this method for evaluating pavement improvement decisions.
PXR-mediated idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury: mechanistic insights and targeting approaches.

The human liver is the center for drug metabolism and detoxification and is, therefore, constantly exposed to toxic chemicals. The loss of liver function as a result of this exposure is referred to...
Automated Segmentation and Severity Analysis of Subdural Hematoma for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injuries

Detection and severity assessment of subdural hematoma is a major step in the evaluation of traumatic brain injuries. This is a retrospective study of 110 computed tomography (CT) scans from patients admitted to the Michigan Medicine Neurological Intensive Care Unit or Emergency Department. A machine learning pipeline was developed to segment and assess the severity of subdural hematoma. First, the probability of each point belonging to the hematoma region was determined using a combination of hand-crafted and deep features. This probability provided the initial state of the segmentation. Next, a 3D post-processing model was applied to evolve the initial state and delineate the hematoma. The recall, precision, and Dice similarity coefficient of the proposed segmentation method were 78.61%, 76.12%, and 75.35%, respectively, for the entire population. The Dice similarity coefficient was 79.97% for clinically significant hematomas, which compared favorably to an inter-rater Dice similarity coefficient. In volume-based severity analysis, the proposed model yielded an F1, recall, and specificity of 98.22%, 98.81%, and 92.31%, respectively, in detecting moderate and severe subdural hematomas based on hematoma volume. These results show that the combination of classical image processing and deep learning can outperform deep learning only methods to achieve greater average performance and robustness. Such a system can aid critical care physicians in reducing time to intervention and thereby improve long-term patient outcomes.
Elastic properties of polyethylene from high pressure sound speed measurements

Abstract Polyethylene is a widely used plastic exhibiting a large range of properties that depend on molecular weight, crystallinity, chain branching, and cross-linking. In this study, the sound speeds and elastic properties of a variety of commercially available polyethylene materials were experimentally determined using the pulse-echo ultrasound technique. In situ pressure dependent measurements, including ultrasound time of flight, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray radiography, were performed using a Paris-Edinburgh large volume press at the High Pressure Collaborative Access Team (HPCAT), beamline 16-BM-B at the Advanced Photon Source. Polyethylene sound speed and elastic moduli were found to increase with increasing pressure. The zero pressure orthorhombic phase was found to transform to monoclinic at low pressures of ~0.1 GPa.
Proteinuria and nocturnal blood pressure dipping in hypertensive children and adolescents.

Background The absence of nocturnal blood pressure dipping is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adults, and proteinuria is a risk factor for non-dipping in this population. Risk factors for non-dipping in children are largely unknown. Methods We retrospectively identified patients aged 5-19 years who underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) from August 2018 to January 2019 and had a spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) within 1 year of their ABPM. Dipping was defined as ≥10% reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from day to night. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models evaluated the association of proteinuria with non-dipping. Results Among 77 children identified, 27 (35.1%) were non-dippers. Each two-fold higher urine PCR was associated with 38% higher odds of non-dipping, after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). Higher urine PCR was also associated with a lower diastolic dipping percentage by 1.33 (95% confidence interval 0.31-2.34), after adjusting for BMI, age, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions Limitations of this study include its retrospective design and the time lapse between urine PCR and ABPM. Proteinuria appears to be associated with blood pressure non-dipping in children. This finding needs to be confirmed in prospective studies. Impact Our study demonstrates the association of proteinuria with non-dipping of blood pressure in children. This association has been explored in adults, but to our knowledge, this is the first time it is evaluated in children referred for evaluation of elevated blood pressure. Non-dipping is a modifiable risk factor for kidney function decline and cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and thus early identification in children is important. The association between proteinuria and non-dipping in children will allow us to more readily identify those at risk, with a future focus on interventions to modify blood pressure dipping patterns.
Correlation of attending and patient assessment of resident communication skills in the emergency department.

Background Communication and interpersonal skills are one of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's six core competencies. Validated methods for assessing these among trainees are lacking. Educators have developed various communication assessment tools from both the supervising attending and the patient perspectives. How these different assessment methods and tools compare with each other remains unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between attending and patient assessment of resident communication skills. Methods This was a retrospective study of emergency medicine (EM) residents at an academic medical center. From July 2017 to June 2018, residents were assessed on communication skills during their emergency department shifts by both their supervising attending physicians and their patients. The attendings rated residents' communication skills with patients, colleagues, and nursing/ancillary staff using a 1 to 5 Likert scale. Patients completed the modified Communication Assessment Tool (CAT), a 14-item questionnaire based on a 1 to 5 Likert scale. Mean attending ratings and patient CAT scores were calculated for each resident. Means were divided into tertiles due to nonparametric distribution of scores. Agreement between attending and patient ratings of residents were measured using Cohen's kappa for each attending evaluation question. Scores were weighted to assign adjacent tertiles partial agreement. Results During the study period, 1,097 attending evaluations and 952 patient evaluations were completed for 26 residents. Attending scores and CAT scores of the residents showed slight to fair agreement in the following three domains: patient communication (κ = 0.21), communication with colleagues (κ = 0.21), and communication with nursing/ancillary staff (κ = 0.26). Conclusions Attending and patient ratings of EM residents' communication skills show slight to fair agreement. The use of different types of raters may be beneficial in fully assessing trainees' communication skills.
“But When Are We Going to Learn the Real Do?” Toward Learner-Centered Pitch Practices in U.S. Music Classrooms:

While the field of music education is rife with participation in methodological debates around “best systems” for learning about pitch, the authors in this article explore the possibilities of lear...
Thrombotic Risk Associated with Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement in Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia.

Abstract Purpose This study sought to define thromboembolic risk and mortality in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) undergoing inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) placement, in light of the American Society of Hematology’s 2018 guidelines against routine use of IVCFs in this population. Methods A total of 26 patients with HIT who received IVCFs were retrospectively reviewed, and the outcomes of this group were compared with those of 4,707 controls with either HIT or IVCFs alone and with reported outcomes in prior studies. Results The patient group demonstrated 6- and 12-month mortality rates of 26.9% and 30.8%, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those of the control groups and were in line with published mortality rates in the literature. The measured thromboembolic risk of 19.2% in the patient group was also within the range of published rates for patients with HIT or IVCF alone. Conclusions IVCF placement did not significantly increase the risk of thromboembolism or death in patients with HIT and may be a viable option in the subset of these patients who are not candidates for anticoagulation.
Nanostructured ligament and fiber Al–doped Li7La3Zr2O12 scaffolds to mediate cathode-electrolyte interface chemistry

Abstract Scaffold structures of electrospun aluminum–substituted lithium lanthanum zirconate Li7La3Zr2O12 (Al-LLZO) were synthesized and used as an additive in a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 composite cathode. The scaffolds were crystalized in the cubic phase after calcination at 700 °C. The Al-LLZO scaffold morphology was dependent on the precursor formulation (aqueous and dimethylformamide. The aqueous precursors resulted in scaffolds of densely coalesced ligaments, whereas the dimethylformamide precursors resulted in high–aspect ratio nanofiber scaffolds. The long-term cycling stability and rate performance of the cells were found to depend on the Al-LLZO scaffold morphology. The uniformly dispersed Al-LLZO fibers resulted in a more stable cathode electrolyte interface formation through the reduced decomposition of the LiPF6 salt during cycling, resulting in a better high-rate and long-term cycling performance.
Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires 1908–1918

The break-up of the Ottoman empire and the disintegration of the Russian empire were watershed events in modern history. The unravelling of these empires was both cause and consequence of World War I and resulted in the deaths of millions. It irrevocably changed the landscape of the Middle East and Eurasia and reverberates to this day in conflicts throughout the Caucasus and Middle East. Shattering Empires draws on extensive research in the Ottoman and Russian archives to tell the story of the rivalry and collapse of two great empires. Overturning accounts that portray their clash as one of conflicting nationalisms, this pioneering study argues that geopolitical competition and the emergence of a new global interstate order provide the key to understanding the course of history in the Ottoman-Russian borderlands in the twentieth century. It will appeal to those interested in Middle Eastern, Russian, and Eurasian history, international relations, ethnic conflict, and World War I.
Analysis of Coyote Vocalizations

Research on coyote vocalizations have included McCarley's (1975) description of long-distance vocalizations and Lehnar's (1976) descriptive lexicon of vocalizations including a discussion of their behavioral context. The research reported on here is one phase of continuing research to determine the function of the lone howl, group howl and group yip-howl vocalizations.
Activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC) by 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Occurs Through the Stimulation of Serotonin Receptors and Transporter

This report further characterizes the intermediate metabolic effects of the psychotropic amphetamine derivative, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “ecstasy”), on the activity of second messenger-dependent kinases. Previous work has demonstrated that two injections of MDMA (20 mg/kg) elicits a prolonged translocation of the calcium and phospholipid-dependent enzyme, protein kinase C (PKC) in rats. However, because MDMA has actions at the 5-HT transporter and 5-HT2A/2C receptors, our experiments were directed at uncovering which of these many sites may be involved in this second messenger-dependent response. A single injection of MDMA produced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the density of cortical and hippocampal PKC (as measured by 3H-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)) binding sites. MDMA-mediated PKC translocation was long-lasting and remained above control (saline-treated rats) for up to 24 h after injection. This effect was mimicked by another substituted amphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine (pCA), but with a temporal-response curve that was to the left of MDMA’s. However, pure uptake inhibitors like fluoxetine, cocaine, and the selective 5-HT2A/2C agonist, DOB, were unable to produce a long-lasting translocation of PKC binding sites in rat cortex. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI) and ketanserin, a 5-HT2A antagonist, attenuated PKC translocation by MDMA with differing efficacies; however, both compounds completely prevented the loss of 5-HT uptake sties after multiple doses of MDMA. These results suggest that MDMA increases PKC translocation by two interrelated mechanisms that involve 5-HT2A/2C receptors and the 5-HT transporter. This pathway appears to include: (1) the drug binding to the 5-HT transporter, (2) the release of cytosolic 5-HT stores into the extracellular space, and (3) the activation of post-synaptic 5-HT2A/2C receptors linked to G-protein-mediated phospholipid hydrolysis.
Major/Minor: Theory, Nature, and Politics

(1995). Major/Minor: Theory, Nature, and Politics. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 164-168.
Efficient Block Scheduling to Minimize Context Switching Time for Programmable Embedded Processors

Scheduling is one of the most often addressed optimization problems in DSP compilation, behavioral synthesis, and system-level synthesis research. With the rapid pace of changes in modern DSP applications requirements and implementation technologies, however, new types of scheduling challenges arise. This paper is concerned with the problem of scheduling blocks of computations in order to optimize the efficiency of their execution on programmable embedded systems under a realistic timing model of their processors. We describe an effective scheme for scheduling the blocks of any computation on a given system architecture and with a specified algorithm implementing each block. We also present algorithmic techniques for performing optimal block scheduling simultaneously with optimal architecture and algorithm selection. Our techniques address the block scheduling problem for both single- and multiple-processor system platforms and for a variety of optimization objectives including throughput, cost, and power dissipation. We demonstrate the practical effectiveness of our techniques on numerous designs and synthetic examples.
Dragon: an Open64-based interactive program analysis tool for large applications

A program analysis tool can play an important role in helping users understand and improve large application codes. Dragon is a robust interactive program analysis tool based on the Open64 compiler, which is an Open source C/C++/Fortran77/90 compiler for Intel Itanium systems. We designed and developed the Dragon analysis tool to support manual optimization and parallelization of large applications by exploiting the powerful analyses of the Open64 compiler. Dragon enables users to visualize and print the essential program structure of and obtains information on their large applications. Current features include the call graph, flow graph, and data dependences. Ongoing work extends both Open64 and Dragon by a new call graph construction algorithm and its related interprocedural analysis, global variable definition and usage analysis, and an external interface that can be used by other tools such as profilers and debuggers to share program analysis information. Future work includes supporting the creation and optimization of shared memory parallel programs written using OpenMP.
A Parallel 3-D Capacitance Extraction Program

This paper presents a scalable data-partitioned parallel algorithm for accurate 3-D capacitance extraction using the Boundary Element Method(BEM). We address the task decomposition and workload balancing issues when system matrix irregularity presents due to applying the adaptive Gaussian quadrature. Experimental results are reported on an IBM SP2, an IBM J40 and a network of HP workstations.
THE DECREASE IN SEVERITY OF ASTHMA IN CHILDREN OF PARENTS WHO SMOKE SINCE THE PARENTS HAVE BEEN EXPOSING THEM TO LESS CIGARETTE SMOKE

Since 1986 an increasing awareness of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke has caused parents to smoke fewer cigarettes in the presence of their asthmatic children. This has been associated with a marked reduction in asthma severity of the smokers9 children.
State of the art discovery with tumor profiling in pediatric oncology.

It is an exciting era in pediatric oncology with the advent of new technologies to comprehensively characterize cancer genomes in childhood tumors. Defining the genetic landscape of pediatric tumor...
The Social Convoy for Family Caregivers Over the Course of Hospice

Abstract Context Family caregivers play a central role in the care of those in hospice care. Little is known about the social support networks for those providing this day-to-day care without training. Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore changes in family and friend social networks among hospice caregivers over the course of the hospice stay. Methods Data on social support networks were collected as part of a multisite randomized controlled trial and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results A statistically significant decline in the caregivers' family network subscale score was found over the four week period during which they received hospice services, reflecting a possible weakening of their family networks. Conclusion This result illustrates the potential importance of ongoing comprehensive assessment of caregiver networks and attention to interventions that may assist in capitalizing on both the quantity of support (numbers of individuals asked to help) and the quality of social support (attending to issues of support burden).
Variation of fetal nasal bone length in second-trimester fetuses according to race and ethnicity.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of race and ethnicity on the expected nasal bone length (NBL) based on biparietal diameter (BPD) measured in second-trimester fetuses. Methods. We searched our ultrasound, obstetric, and cytogenetic databases for all second-trimester fetuses with measured NBLs. Fetuses with Down syndrome were identified and excluded from the analysis. Linear regression curves were generated for NBL by BPD according to race and ethnicity. Categories used were African American, Hispanic, Asian, and white. Analysis of variance was used to compare mean variation of observed from expected NBL by BPD according to race and ethnicity. Results. There were 717 fetuses with NBL-by-BPD pairs who were available for analysis in our population, including 139 African American, 58 Hispanic, 22 Asian, and 498 white fetuses. Nasal bone length was highly correlated with BPD for each race (P <.001). Mean variances of observed from expected NBL by BPD were statistically different according to race or ethnicity (P =.0092). Conclusions. Race and ethnicity significantly affect the mean regression line of expected NBL by BPD among fetuses in the second trimester. Genetic sonographic norms, therefore, appear to require race-and ethnicity-specific formulas for NBL.
Acritarchs from Cambrian deposits of the southern part of the Łysogóry unit

The palynology of the Cambrian claystones and mudstones of the Gory Pieprzowe Shale Formation in the southern part of the Łysogory region (Holy Cross Mts., Poland) are described. These deposits had been referred to the Middle Cambrian of the Paradoxides paradoxissimus and Paradoxides forchhammeri Superzones. Here, rocks from 10 shallow drillings and several exposures in the Opatow region have been examined. Scarce and poorly preserved acritarch assemblages contain several forms that are indicative for the Upper Cambrian, while the genera Acanthodiacrodium , Cymatiogalea , Stelliferidium , Trunculumarium , Nellia , Impluviculus , Calyxiella , and Veryhachium excludes the possibility of a Middle Cambrian age. Rather, these forms suggest the Upper Cambrian, most probably its middle and upper part. The occurrence of the rocks of this age to both north and south of the Łysogory quartzite outcrops indicates tectonic repetition of the geological structure in the Main Range of the Holy Cross Mountains. The dark colours of palynoflora from the Pieprzowe Mountains in Sandomierz are identical with the colours of the Cambrian microflora from the Łysogory region, and differ from the bright colours characterising organic matter in the Kielce region of the Holy Cross Mountains. This suggests a tectonic relation of the Pieprzowe Mountains with the Łysogory region rather than with the Kielce region, as hitherto thought.
The relationship between R&D effort rate and the pricing of an exhaustible resource

We attempt a study of the optimal pricing strategy of a cartel selling an exhaustible resource and the optimal RD if the terminal market share is small, the entrant will give up with minimal resistance from the cartel; and if the terminal market share is medium, the cartel might allow entry. It is most likely that the cartel's price after entry will decrease with time. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.