cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proton structure functions at small x

Proton structure functions are measured in electron-proton collision through inelastic scattering of virtual photons with virtuality Q on protons; x denotes the momentum fraction carried by the struck parton. Proton structure functions are currently described with excellent accuracy in terms of scale dependent parton distribution functions, defined in terms of collinear factorization and DGLAP evolution in Q. With decreasing x however, parton densities increase and are ultimately expected to saturate. In this regime DGLAP evolution will finally break down and non-linear evolution equations w.r.t x are expected to take over. In the first part of the talk we present recent result on an implementation of physical DGLAP evolution. Unlike the conventional description in terms of parton distribution functions, the former describes directly the Q dependence of the measured structure functions. It is therefore physical insensitive to factorization scheme and scale ambiguities. It therefore provides a more stringent test of DGLAP evolution and eases the manifestation of (non-linear) small x effects. It however requires a precise measurement of both structure functions F2 and FL, which will be only possible at future facilities, such as an Electron Ion Collider. In the second part we present a recent analysis of the small xmore » region of the combined HERA data on the structure function F2. We demonstrate that (linear) next-to-leading order BFKL evolution describes the effective Pomeron intercept, determined from the combined HERA data, once a resummation of collinear enhanced terms is included and the renormalization scale is fixed using the BLM optimal scale setting procedure. We also provide a detailed description of the Q and x dependence of the full structure functions F2 in the small x region, as measured at HERA. As a result, predictions for the structure function FL are found to be in agreement with the existing HERA data.« less
Genetic Studies of Complex Diseases in the Sequence Era.

Genetic Studies of Complex Diseases in the Sequence Era Fast and cheaper next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies will generate unprecedentedly massive (thousands or even ten thousands of individuals) and highly-dimensional (ten or even dozens of millions) genomic and epigenomic variation data. Due to advances in measurement technologies and communications, a large panel of physiological data including all medical treatments and outcomes accumulated over the patient’s lifetime is monitored and collected. Analysis of these extremely big and diverse types of data sets provide invaluable information for holistic discovery of the genetic and epigenetic structure of disease and prediction, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, but also pose great conceptual, analytical and computational challenges.
Abstract 801: Comparison of cisplatin induced changes in serous ovarian cancer and normal fallopian tube cells

Platinum drugs are the most active agents for treatment of ovarian cancer. While most patients initially respond to this treatment, the majority eventually become resistant and ultimately succumb to the disease. Despite much investigation, in vitro elucidated mechanisms of platinum resistance have not correlated with those involved in clinical chemoresistance. Traditionally, in vitro models have consisted of established ovarian cancer cell lines that have been propagated in culture for decades. Chemoresistance is then modeled by growing cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of platinum or other cytotoxic drugs. As an alternative approach, we developed primary cell lines from normal human fallopian tube epithelial cells (n=5) and serous ovarian cancers (n=15). The latter group included tumors isolated from chemo-naive (n=9) and chemo-exposed (n=6) patients. Each primary cell line was treated with vehicle and cisplatin (50uM) for 24hrs and expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix arrays. Differentially expressed genes were identified using BRB ArrayTools (P Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 801. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-801
Public service motivation and socialization in graduate education

The purpose of this study is to explore the extent to which the characteristics of public administration degree programs are related to public service motivation (PSM) using a higher education soci...
Utility of FileMaker Pro Database in Generating Clinical Pathology Consult Reports

We recently developed a clinical pathology consult service that uses best-practice algorithms for the work-up of certain autoimmune disorders. Using templates, the average time to generate two reports was approximately 1 hour. As a result, we sought to automate the process further to reduce workload and ensure accuracy. RA-EASY, the software that was developed to accomplish …
Are All Foreign Policy Innovators Created Equal? The New Generation of Congressional Foreign Policy Entrepreneurship

This study revisits Carter and Scott’s model of congressional foreign policy entrepreneurship (2004, 2009, 2010) to evaluate how a new generation of legislative innovators, including Senators Rand Paul and Ted Cruz, may influence US foreign policy. Specifically, this study proposes two new types of foreign policy entrepreneurs in Congress—“revolutionaries” and “mercenaries”—and examines their different motivations, policy objectives, and strategies to attempt to influence or change state behavior. Case evidence suggests that in a new era of partisanship and polarization, more complex models of players, strategies, and measures of success are needed.
Where do panic attack sufferers seek care

BACKGROUND: Although 40% of people with panic attacks never seek care for their attacks, those who do may use medical settings or mental health settings, or both. The purpose of this study was to examine where people seek care for their panic attacks within and outside the health care system, and to determine what variables predict the choice of a given site. METHODS: The Panic Attack Care-Seeking Threshold (PACT) study is a community-based survey of 97 subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria for panic attacks. A structured interview was used to collect information about panic attacks, family characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, health care access and utilization, illness attitudes and behaviors, quality of life, and symptom perceptions. RESULTS: Forty-nine percent of the subjects seeking care for panic attacks presented to medical settings, whereas 26% of subjects used mental health settings. The family physician's office was the most frequent site of presentation (35%), followed by a hospital emergency department (32%). Only 13% of subjects sought care from a site outside the health care system. Variables predicting presentation to specific health care sites varied. Subject demographics, panic characteristics, and symptom perceptions were generally significant factors in care-seeking. Illness behaviors, readiness for sick role, health locus of control, and family measures failed to predict the seeking of care specific to any particular site. CONCLUSIONS: When subjects with panic attacks seek care, they most commonly present to a general or family physician's office or a hospital emergency department.
Seed dispersal and environmental heterogeneity in a neotropical herb: a model of population and patch dynamics

We examined the effects of three kinds of seed dispersal on mean fitness in the ant-dispersed perennial herb Calathea ovandensis (Marantaceae): (1) local dispersal to safe sites, (2) longdistance dispersal, and (3) dispersal through time, i.e., dormancy. Because, persistence of this species depends upon periodic disturbance by treefalls, we propose a matrix model of population dynamics that combines the successional dynamics of the forest with the habitat-specific demographic dynamics of the plant. Using empirically determined values for the demographic parameters for Calathea ovandensis in a new gap, and three different models of how stage-specific growth and survival change as succession proceeds, we characterize the overall population dynamics of our study species. For the model best representing the demographic response of Calathea ovandensis to succession, the results of our computer simulations predict strong selection for local dispersal to safe sites, and selection against long-distance dispersal. These predictions are consistent with observed patterns of seed dispersal in Calathea ovandensis. In addition, the model predicts very weak selection for long-term seed dormancy, a life-history stage currently under investigation. Models combining patch dynamics with population dynamics provide a method of quantifying the demographic consequences of lifehistory variation for plants occupying variable environments.
Age-related individual variability in memory performance is associated with amygdala-hippocampal circuit function and emotional pattern separation

While aging is generally associated with episodic memory decline, not all older adults exhibit memory loss. Furthermore, emotional memories are not subject to the same extent of forgetting and appear preserved in aging. We conducted high-resolution fMRI during a task involving pattern separation of emotional information in older adults with and without age-related memory impairment (characterized by performance on a word-list learning task: low performers: LP vs. high performers: HP). We found signals consistent with emotional pattern separation in hippocampal dentate (DG)/CA3 in HP but not in LP individuals, suggesting a deficit in emotional pattern separation. During false recognition, we found increased DG/CA3 activity in LP individuals, suggesting that hyperactivity may be associated with overgeneralization. We additionally observed a selective deficit in basolateral amygdala-lateral entorhinal cortex-DG/CA3 functional connectivity in LP individuals during pattern separation of negative information. During negative false recognition, LP individuals showed increased medial temporal lobe functional connectivity, consistent with overgeneralization. Overall, these results suggest a novel mechanistic account of individual differences in emotional memory alterations exhibited in aging.
Discovery of Age-Related Protein Folding Stability Differences in the Mouse Brain Proteome.

Described here is the application of thermodynamic stability measurements to study age-related differences in the folding and stability of proteins in a rodent model of aging. Thermodynamic stability profiles were generated for 809 proteins in brain cell lysates from mice, aged 6 (n = 7) and 18 months (n = 9) using the Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX) technique. The biological variability of the protein stability measurements was low and within the experimental error of SPROX. A total of 83 protein hits were detected with age-related stability differences in the brain samples. Remarkably, the large majority of the brain protein hits were destabilized in the old mice, and the hits were enriched in proteins that have slow turnover rates (p < 0.07). Furthermore, 70% of the hits have been previously linked to aging or age-related diseases. These results help validate the use of thermodynamic stability measurements to capture relevant age-related proteomic changes and establish a new bioph...
Introduction to Parasitic Diseases

The term parasitic diseases refers to infections caused by protozoans or helminths, or infestations by ectoparasites. These complex, eukaryotic organisms range in size from a few microns to 10 meters. Many parasites have complex life cycles involving vectors and/or intermediate hosts, and public health considerations of these diseases appropriately include studies of those vectors or hosts. The life cycles of many parasites involve several environmental niches and are often related to poor sanitation and human living conditions. There is new and renewed interest in the global public health challenges posed by parasitic diseases, and sustained successes will require not only focused yet broad-based scientifically sound approaches but highly multidisciplinary partnerships, superb management, and, most of all, tenacity.
Partial-Update Schmidt–Kalman Filter

The Schmidt–Kalman (or “consider” Kalman filter) has often been used to account for the uncertainty in so-called “nuisance” parameters when they are impactful to filter accuracy and consistency. Us...
A Rare Case of Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of the Rectum: Review of Histopathology and Management Strategy

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is a rare neoplasm arising from a subclass of dendritic cells, known for their role in mediating various immunological functions, including T-cell mediated immunity. Although existing literature on IDCS is limited to scattered reports, extranodal manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract, and in particular, the rectum is extremely rare. To our knowledge, we report only the second case of IDCS arising in the rectum in a young 20-year-old man, successfully managed surgically and with a good oncological outcome. Existing literature on the incidence, pathophysiology and treatment strategies is also examined.
Entrepreneurship and human capital: The role of financial development

Abstract The previous literature is filled with mixed findings with regard to human capital's impact on entrepreneurial outcomes. Using data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, we re-explore the human capital-entrepreneurship relationship and attempt to clarify the mixed findings. In particular, the prior literature has treated human capital's impact on entrepreneurship in isolation, while in reality its impact depends on access to financial capital. Our results show that a rise in tertiary enrollment benefits entrepreneurship most when the level of financial development is low. For higher levels of financial development, the impact of tertiary enrollment on entrepreneurship is still positive but much lesser in magnitude compared to countries with lower level of financial development.
Using the SORASCS Prototype Web Portal

Abstract : This document describes how to use the example portal distributed with SORASCS. The portal is meant as an example of how users may interact with services. It covers three things: 1) Navigating the portal; 2) Registering and managing services; and 3) Using the SORASCS Thick Client interface.
Sustainability of a Life Más Cómodo? Agricultural Change, Remaking Families, and the Emerging Indigenous Middle Class in the Ecuadorian Andes

Since the 1ate 1960s, labor migration to the United States, and more recently to Spain and other parts of western Europe, has become a crucial component of the Ecuadorian economy. Indeed, remittances stand right behind oil revenues in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). This chapter addresses some of the effects of this migration and concurrent remittance stream on rural villages of the Azuayo-Canari region of Southern Ecuador. Here, the remittance economy has severely altered traditional agriculture, communal work practices, and development projects. This paper charts the ways remittances have reordered household economic strategies, consumption patterns, and modes of living and raises the idea of an emerging “indigenous middle class.” I address, for instance, how many households have suspended agriculture altogether in their use of remittances, turning rural villages virtually into sites of consumption—of new houses, cars, and durable goods—where production has little place. This change is perhaps most starkly evident in the ways this new class has reordered domestic and family life and, in particular, the ways children are raised and socialized. By bringing together the decline in agriculture with family and child-centered consumption practices, this paper aims to move beyond binary analyses of migration development (based on narrowly focused inquiries on the negative or positive economic impact of remittances) to answer questions about the ways families themselves go about restructuring their lives surrounding new production and consumption regimes and the meanings they bring to these changes.
Trend in the use of drug eluting stents in the United States: Insight from over 8.1 million coronary interventions

Abstract Background Drug eluting stents (DES) reduce the risk of restenosis but are associated with increase in the risk of very late stent thrombosis, especially when antiplatelet therapy is held. The trend in DES use across the US is not fully defined. Methods Data from the 2001–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample for patients undergoing PCI were used. The trend in DES use was analyzed overall and in subgroups at risk of restenosis (those with diabetes, chronic kidney disease or prior PCI), stent thrombosis (those with acute coronary syndrome) or bleeding (those with history of bleeding peptic ulcer or atrial fibrillation). Results Among the 8,150,763 PCI procedures performed, DES use peaked in 2005 at 89% in all patients including groups with a low risk of restenosis, high risk of stent thrombosis or bleeding. A steep drop to 66% was noted in 2007 followed by a progressive rise to 73% in 2011 (P Conclusions DES trends indicate rapid and broad initial use followed by a sharp decline in 2007 and a progressive rise in 2011. DES use in 2011 seemed based on risk category, but was lower in groups at risk for discriminant care.
Situational Supervision for Athletic Training Clinical Education

Introduction: The medical education model provides the basis for athletic training students to learn theoretical and practical skills. Clinical rotations are completed where they apply what they have learned under the direct supervision of a clinical instructor (CI) or approved clinical instructor (ACI). Approved clinical instructors are taught how to evaluate athletic training students' clinical skills and proficiencies, yet are left to decide for themselves how students should be supervised. No formal supervision training is required for potential CIs/ACIs. Situational Supervision is one potential model that can be used by athletic training educators to provide guidance to CIs/ACIs regarding student supervision. This model provides a method for students to be supervised according to their knowledge base, experience and self-confidence. Objective: To present the Situational Supervision Model that can be used to develop athletic training students' clinical skills. Background: Based on Blanchard and Hersey...
“Sea-worthy must put to sea”: W. B. Yeats’s “Nō” and the Japanese Model

Critics in the majority have reached the consensus that W. B. Yeats’s encounter with Nō marked the turning point in his career as a legitimate poet-playwright for the theatre when he finally discovered a model for his ideal form of an aristocratic drama. A fundamental challenge to this consensus, this chapter places Yeats’s interest in Nō in its proper historical and aesthetic contexts. It argues that without a first-hand knowledge or a direct practical experience of Nō, Yeats was not in a position to “find” the model of his ideal form of drama in Nō. Nor did he invent a new drama modelled on Nō. Objectively, Nō did not conform to—and thereby did not confirm—Yeats’s ideas for a new form of drama. It was Yeats, an Irish modernist emplaced in the tradition of European Romanticism and occultism, who projected, in his imaginary interpretation and use of Nō, his ideas onto a distorted mirror of the Japanese Nō displaced from its historical and aesthetic contexts.
Visual Perception Training: A Prospective Cohort Trial of a Novel, Technology-Based Method to Teach Melanoma Recognition

Melanoma is one of the most treatable types of cancers if detected early, a task that often depends on non-dermatologist providers. However, only 54%–56% of family practitioners and internists reported skill and comfort in performing total body skin exams and fewer than 50% of referrals to dermatologists include the correct diagnosis.1 2 The asymmetry, border, colour, diameter and evolution (ABCDE) system is traditionally taught for detecting melanoma but uses exclusively rule-based criteria, whereas melanoma and its mimickers belong to ‘fuzzy’ categories in which visual features overlap on a spectrum.3 Perceptual expertise, the ability to identify objects rapidly and accurately at specific levels of categorisation, contributes to discriminating between fuzzy categories.4 Novices may develop perceptual expertise through experience or through targeted visual perception training (VPT). Previous work demonstrated that VPT successfully improved the ability of undergraduates to diagnose melanoma, although follow-up was limited to 1 week.5 This prospective cohort trial of preclinical medical students was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, technology-based VPT system for melanoma detection with retention assessed at 4 weeks. All participants were preclinical medical students at an urban, private medical school in the USA. All participants (both control and intervention) were presented with a web-based instructional handout describing the ABCDEs of identifying suspicious skin lesions. The ABCDEs remains a mainstay of education for both dermatologists and non-dermatologists in the detection of melanoma.6 We assigned 20 medical students to the VPT training group and 10 to …
Emerging Powers in the International Economic Order: Cooperation, Competition and Transformation

The post-war liberal economic order seems to be crumbling, placing the world at an inflection point. China has emerged as a major force, and other emerging economies seek to play a role in shaping world trade and investment law. Might they band together to mount a wholesale challenge to current rules and institutions? Emerging Powers in the International Economic Order argues that resistance from the Global South and the creation of China-led alternative spaces will have some impact, but no robust alternative vision will emerge. Significant legal innovations from the South depart from the mainstream neoliberal model, but these countries are driven by pragmatism and strategic self-interest and not a common ideological orientation, nor do they intend to fully dismantle the current ordering. In this book, Sonia E. Rolland and David M. Trubek predict a more pluralistic world, which is neither the continued hegemony of neoliberalism nor a full blown alternative to it.
Chronic conditions and depressive symptoms in older adults: the mediating role of functional limitations

Depressive symptoms, chronic conditions, and functional limitations are common in older adults. Several studies have examined the relationship between chronic conditions or functional limitations a...
Classroom Mindfulness Education Effects on Meditation Frequency, Stress, and Self-Regulation.

This preliminary randomized controlled experiment evaluated the effects of a single classroom mindfulness educational session, versus an active contact control activity (study skills review), on co...
School-based yoga intervention increases adolescent resilience: a pilot trial

Background: Youth often experience stressors leading to negative long-term outcomes. Enhancing social-emotional attributes is important to foster resiliency to face these challenges. Yoga may enhance social-emotional resiliency among youth. However, research replicating such results in school-settings is limited. This research details an investigation of the effects of the Kripalu Yoga in the Schools (KYIS) intervention integrated into a physical education class among a racially/ethnically diverse student population. Method: Middle school sixth grade students (n = 23 students; 52% female; mean age = 12.1 years) were either enrolled in physical education class that included KYIS (n = 9), or were enrolled in art and music (control condition; n = 14). To evaluate effects on student characteristics, self-report questionnaires of social-emotional competence and problem behaviour were administered pre- and post-delivery of the curriculum. Results: Students receiving the intervention increased in social-emotional competence over time relative to the control condition. Although promising, results should be interpreted with caution, as students who received the yoga intervention scored significantly lower on social-emotional competence than students in the control group at pre-intervention measurement time point. Conclusions: Yoga may improve social-emotional competence among youth and future research should explore the utility of yoga curricula in school settings.
Chapter 65 – Developmental Dyslexia

Dyslexia is associated with less gray and white matter volume and altered white matter integrity in left temporoparietal areas. Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal activity of brain regions known to subserve reading (and its constituent processes), including left ventral occipitotemporal, temporoparietal, and inferior frontal cortices. Further, functional and structural connectivity between these areas is disrupted. These findings are considered to be consistent with the behavioral phonological and orthographic processing deficits manifested by individuals with dyslexia. Brain imaging studies are contributing to our understanding of the neural correlates of successful reading intervention, as well as the link between dyslexia-associated genes and brain-based measures. Studies suggest an age-dependent neurobiological profile of dyslexia, and there is uncertainty regarding which brain differences are attributed to dyslexia per se rather than altered reading experience concomitant with dyslexia, together emphasizing the need for more longitudinal brain-based investigations into dyslexia.
A multilayered scaffold for regeneration of smooth muscle and connective tissue layers

Tissue regeneration often requires recruitment of different cell types and rebuilding of two or more tissue layers to restore function. Here, we describe the creation of a novel multilayered scaffold with distinct fiber organizations-aligned to unaligned and dense to porous-to template common architectures found in adjacent tissue layers. Electrospun scaffolds were fabricated using a biodegradable, tyrosine-derived terpolymer, yielding densely-packed, aligned fibers that transition into randomly-oriented fibers of increasing diameter and porosity. We demonstrate that differently-oriented scaffold fibers direct cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and that scaffold fibers and ECM protein networks are maintained after decellularization. Smooth muscle and connective tissue layers are frequently adjacent in vivo; we show that within a single scaffold, the architecture supports alignment of contractile smooth muscle cells and deposition by fibroblasts of a meshwork of ECM fibrils. We rolled a flat scaffold into a tubular construct and, after culture, showed cell viability, orientation, and tissue-specific protein expression in the tube were similar to the flat-sheet scaffold. This scaffold design not only has translational potential for reparation of flat and tubular tissue layers but can also be customized for alternative applications by introducing two or more cell types in different combinations.
Modeling and Validating Traffic Responsive Ramp Metering in the Highway Capacity Manual Context

This paper presents a methodology for modeling traffic responsive (or adaptive) ramp metering in the freeway facilities method based on the sixth edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM6). Curr...
Provably and Efficiently Approximating Near-cliques using the Turán Shadow: PEANUTS

Clique and near-clique counts are important graph properties with applications in graph generation, graph modeling, graph analytics, community detection among others. They are the archetypal examples of dense subgraphs. While there are several different definitions of near-cliques, most of them share the attribute that they are cliques that are missing a small number of edges. Clique counting is itself considered a challenging problem. Counting near-cliques is significantly harder more so since the search space for near-cliques is orders of magnitude larger than that of cliques. We give a formulation of a near-clique as a clique that is missing a constant number of edges. We exploit the fact that a near-clique contains a smaller clique, and use techniques for clique sampling to count near-cliques. This method allows us to count near-cliques with 1 or 2 missing edges, in graphs with tens of millions of edges. To the best of our knowledge, there was no known efficient method for this problem, and we obtain a 10x − 100x speedup over existing algorithms for counting near-cliques. Our main technique is a space efficient adaptation of the Turan Shadow sampling approach, recently introduced by Jain and Seshadhri (WWW 2017). This approach constructs a large recursion tree (called the Turan Shadow) that represents cliques in a graph. We design a novel algorithm that builds an estimator for near-cliques, using a online, compact construction of the Turan Shadow.
Retailer Inventory Sharing in Two-Tier Supply Chains: An Experimental Investigation

When multiple retailers hold inventory to satisfy random demand, retailer inventory-sharing strategies can potentially reduce the demand-supply mismatch and increase overall supply chain performance. In this paper, we experimentally investigate alternative inventory-sharing strategies in a two-tier supply chain with an upstream manufacturer and two downstream retailers. In one setting, retailers act as if they are centralized and use a single quantity to fulfill joint demand. In the other, retailers are decentralized and face separate demands, but can transfer inventory after demands are realized. In this latter decentralized scenario, we also consider whether the manufacturer or retailers have decision authority over the inventory transfer price. One key result is that when the retailers are decentralized and the manufacturer sets the transfer price, both retailers and the manufacturer earn higher profits that in the centralized retailer strategy, which runs counter to theory. We also find that when retailers are decentralized and set their own transfer price, the most equitable distribution of profits is achieved. In an effort to account for these results we explore two behavioral models and find that a model of fairness captures decisions well. Overall, by investigating how different inventory-sharing strategies affect the distribution of profits in a two-tier supply chain, our results provide guidance to firms considering how, if at all, they should enter such arrangements.
An Evaluation of Gynecologic Procedure Billing by Medicare

Objective: The goal of this research was to evaluate trends in gynecologic surgical reimbursement and to determine the factors affecting compensation. Materials and Methods: Procedure codes represe...
Molecular packing of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells: Distinctive local morphology in Y6 vs. ITIC derivatives

Abstract Since a couple of years ago, Y6 has emerged as one of the main non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells, as its use leads to superior power conversion efficiencies. It is thus of major interest to investigate the multiscale phenomena that are responsible for Y6's efficacy. Here, we modeled neat films of Y6 and earlier non-fullerene acceptors, IT-4F and ITIC, using a combination of density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, to investigate the various factors that control their charge and exciton transport rates. We find that the molecular packing in Y6 is drastically different from that in IT-4F and ITIC. At the nanoscale, the local morphology of Y6 consists of a large number of directional face-on stackings and well-connected transport networks. Y6 also consistently shows higher electronic couplings for LUMOs, HOMOs, and local excitations than ITIC-type acceptors, which results in fast transport rates for electrons, holes, and excitons. Importantly, when considering dimers, their configurations in Y6 are more diverse than in ITIC-type acceptors, with many of those similar to the configurations observed in the Y6 crystal structure reported recently. Most Y6 dimer configurations exhibit strong binding interactions, large electronic couplings, and high transport rates, which when taken together rationalize the better performance of OSCs based on Y6.
Mastitis microbiology simplified

A system for determining whether mastitis is due to contagious or environmental pathogens is described. The sampling format for herds with bulk milk somatic cell counts (SCC) >500 000/ml or Wisconsin mastitis test (WMT) score >15 is to test all cows with high SCC or WMT and a random sample of cows representative of the total herd with respect to age and lactation stage; for herds with clinical mastitis cases but bulk milk SCC <300 000 and WMT <10, samples are taken from cows with high SCC or WMT and from those with clinical mastitis. Bacterial culturing of the samples on sheep blood agar, thallium/crystal violet/ferric citrate agar and McConkey's agar allows determination of whether Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. or coliforms are present; catalase, coagulase and cAMP tests provide further classification of the mastitis pathogens present.
The Unequal Impacts of COVID-19 on Student Learning

COVID-19 is not only leading to lower student learning levels, but likely resulting in a learning inequality catastrophe. In this chapter, we document the high-levels of learning inequality (within and between countries) that existed before the pandemic and disentangle the different mechanisms through which changes in inequality in learning may happen because of a shock like COVID-19, examining the role of school and family inputs. We show that historically, similar shocks in average learning levels disproportionally affect the most vulnerable students, and that emerging evidence from developed countries, as well as simulations, support the expected significant shifts in the learning distribution. Finally, we present a set of compensatory education policies that countries must urgently implement to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on learning inequality and promote equality of opportunities during and after the pandemic.
Kripke's Objections to Description Theories of Names

In “Naming and Necessity” Saul Kripke describes some cases which, he claims, provide counterexamples both to cluster theories and, more generally, to description theories of proper names. My view of these cases is that while they do not provide counterexamples to cluster theories, they can be used to provide evidence against single-description theories. (I count as single-description theories both “short-for-descriptions” theories of the Frege-Russell sort and what I shall call below “fixed-by-attributes” theories.) In this paper I shall defend both of the claims involved in my view.
The Family – a Relic of the Past or the Foundation for the Future?

This article is a description of the current situation of the family from a Christian perspective and is divided into three chapters according to the method of the catholic social teaching: see judge, act. In the first part, a analysis of reality is presented, that is a sociological view of the situation of the family in the European countries. The outline of the situation of the family is shown in three dimensions (socio-cultural, political and economic). The second part briefly treats the Catholic teaching on the family, especially their social significance according to John Paul II.. The third part formulates practical conclusions to the question of what we can and should do to promote the family. It is the aim of Christian social ethics – as an instrument of evangelization - to draw adequate conclusions resulting in effective actions of Christians. It is about building bridges between theology and the challenges of the present. Without a doubt, the family is not just a relic of the past, as it was provocatively formulated in the title, but it is, and will continue to be, the foundation of the future.
LOCKHART, James y SCHWARTZ, Stuart B. Early LatinAmerica. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1983.480 p. Mapas, cuadros, gráficos, bibliografía.

Ademas contiene la resena del libro: CESPEDES DEL CASTILLO, Guillermo. America hispana. Barcelona, Editorial Labor, 1983. 526 p. Mapas, cuadros, graficos,bibliografia.
Asset Prices and Ambiguity

Modern portfolio theory, developed in the expected utility paradigm, focuses on the relationship between risk and return, assuming away ambiguity, uncertainty over the probability space. In this paper, we assume that ambiguity affects asset prices and we test the relationship between risk, ambiguity and return based on a model developed by Izhakian (2011). Our contribution is twofold; we propose an ambiguity measure that is derived theoretically and computed from intraday stock market prices. Second, we use it in conjunction with risk measures to test the basic relationship between risk, ambiguity and return. We find that our ambiguity measure has a consistently negative effect on returns and that our risk measure has mostly a positive effect. The best evidence, judging by statistical significance, is obtained when we use the change in volatility alongside the measure of ambiguity.
Visual expression for organizing and accessing music collections in MusicWiz

Music services, media players and managers provide support for content classification and access based on filtering metadata values, statistics of access, and user ratings. This approach fails to capture characteristics of mood and personal history that are often the deciding factor when creating personal playlists and collections in music. This paper presents MusicWiz, a music management environment that combines traditional metadata with spatial hypertext-based expression and automatically extracted characteristics of music to generate personalized associations between songs. MusicWiz's similarity inference engine combines the personal expression in the workspace with assessments of similarity based on the artists, other metadata, lyrics, and the audio signal to make suggestions and to generate playlists. An evaluation of MusicWiz with and without the workspace and suggestion capabilities showed significant differences for organizing and playlist creation tasks. The workspace features were more valuable for organizing tasks while the suggestion features had more value for playlist creation activities.
Comparing Methods for Solving General Equilibrium Models with Incomplete Markets and Portfolio Choice

In this paper, I compare the accuracy of the two existing methods for solving stochastic general equilibrium models with dynamic portfolio choice and incomplete markets: one proposed by Hnatkovska (2010) and Evans and Hnatkovska (2005, 2011) (EH), another - attributed to Devereux and Sutherland (2007, 2009a,b) together with Tille and van Wincoop (2007) (DS). The accuracy of these solution methods for the real as well as portfolio variables is analyzed by studying the distribution of Euler equation errors and using a series of accuracy tests. My results indicate that while both DS and EH methods generate suciently accurate solutions for the real variables, there are significant gains from using the EH method when solving for the portfolio solutions. This implies that both the DS and EH methods can be used to analyze the impulse responses of any variables, other than portfolio variables, or to investigate the business cycle properties of a model. If, on the other hand, a researcher is interested in analyzing the dynamics of the portfolio variables, an extra care should be taken to assess the accuracy of the solution, especially that of the portfolio side of the model.
Neonatal hyperviscosity association with lower achievement and IQ scores at school age.

A longitudinal study was conducted to determine whether the early neurologic and motor impairment observed in children with neonatal polycythemia and hyperviscosity persisted into school age. Forty-nine children who had neonatal polycythemia and hyperviscosity were evaluated at a mean age of 7 years. Of these, 21 (group 1) received a partial plasma exchange transfusion, whereas 28 (group 2) received symptomatic care. Forty control children (group 3) with a normal neonatal hematocrit were also evaluated. Testing consisted of a battery of measures to evaluate IQ, achievement, neuromotor function, and gross and fine motor skills. Maternal education and IQ were also assessed to avoid potential confounding by differences in the home environment. The neonatal course of the children with polycythemia and hyperviscosity was characterized by an increased number of problems, including hypoglycemia and cyanosis. At 7 years of age, the 49 children who had hyperviscosity (groups 1 and 2) had significantly lower "spelling" and arithmetic achievement test results and gross motor skill scores. Scores for reading, visual motor integration, and neurologic signs did not differ significantly from group 3. Maternal IQ scores were similar for both groups. Left-hand preference was seen in 14% of group 1 and 2 children and 7% of group 3 children (not significant). The scores for IQ, achievement, neuromotor function, and visual motor integration were compared for the hyperviscosity group (groups 1 and 2) and the control group (group 3) by multivariate analysis of variance with sex and hyperviscous group as independent variables and maternal education and maternal IQ as covariates (P = .040).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multiple-antenna systems and wireless networks

The use of multiple antennas, at the transmitter, receiver or both, promises both higher data rates as well as greater reliability in point-to-point communication channels. While this is now well understood, it is only recently that the impact of multiple antenna systems in a wireless network is being systematically assessed. In this paper, using the example of the downlink of a cellular system, we review some of the issues related to throughput, delay and scheduling that arise when multiple antennas are deployed at the base station or at the user terminals.
Extensions and Mechanisms of Mindfulness‐based Cognitive Therapy: A Review of the Evidence

Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was originally developed to prevent depressive relapse and recurrence and has also been widely extended to new patient populations and target problems ove...
Prograde and retrograde history of eclogites from the Eastern Blue Ridge, North Carolina, USA

The prograde metamorphism of eclogites is typically obscured by chemical equilibration at peak conditions and by partial requilibration during retrograde metamorphism. Eclogites from the Eastern Blue Ridge of North Carolina retain evidence of their prograde path in the form of inclusions preserved in garnet. These eclogites, from the vicinity of Bakersville, North Carolina, USA are primarily comprised of garnet–clinopyroxene–rutile–hornblende–plagioclase–quartz. Quartz, clinopyroxene, hornblende, rutile, epidote, titanite and biotite are found as inclusions in garnet cores. Included hornblende and clinopyroxene are chemically distinct from their matrix counterparts. Thermobarometry of inclusion sets from different garnets record different conditions. Inclusions of clinozoisite, titanite, rutile and quartz (clinozoisite + titanite = grossular + rutile + quartz + H2O) yield pressures (6–10 kbar, 400–600 °C and 8–12 kbar 450–680 °C) at or below the minimum peak conditions from matrix phases (10–13 kbar at 600–800 °C). Inclusions of hornblende, biotite and quartz give higher pressures (13–16 kbar and 630–660 °C). Early matrix pyroxene is partially or fully broken down to a diopside–plagioclase symplectite, and both garnet and pyroxene are rimmed with plagioclase and hornblende. Hypersthene is found as a minor phase in some diopside + plagioclase symplectites, which suggests retrogression through the granulite facies. Two-pyroxene thermometry of this assemblage gives a temperature of c. 750 °C. Pairing the most Mg-rich garnet composition with the assemblage plagioclase–diopside–hypersthene–quartz gives pressures of 14–16 kbar at this temperature. The hornblende–plagioclase–garnet rim–quartz assemblage yields 9–12 kbar and 500–550 °C. The combined P–T data show a clockwise loop from the amphibolite to eclogite to granulite facies, all of which are overprinted by a texturally late amphibolite facies assemblage. This loop provides an unusually complete P–T history of an eclogite, recording events during and following subduction and continental collision in the early Palaeozoic.
Screening for Prostate Cancer: Practical Analysis of the ESRPC and PLCO Trials

Similar to other common malignancies such as breast and cervical cancers, the issue of population screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) appears enticing, and the American health care model provides us with some insight into this matter with its advocated policy of screening since the early 1990s. The current recommendation from the American Cancer Society is that both PSA testing and digital rectal examination (DRE) should be offered annually to men aged>50with a life expectancy of at least 10 yr. Populations with higher risk factors, such as African American men or thosewith a relativewith prostate cancer (PCa), should begin testing at age 45 [1]. Three recent studies—the 2001 Tyrol Study, the US-based Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, and the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC)—are being digested currently by the urology community [2–4] (Table 1). Published inMarch 2009, the ERSPC and PLCOstudies present the most comprehensive and up-to-date findings on PCa screening available today. Theyhave significantly contributed toourcurrentknowledgeandunderstandingofPCascreening, as well as the difficulties and controversies associated with their ambiguous findings. Two cases will help us understand the controversy and issues related to PCa screening today. Considering the hypothetical case of a 59-yr-old teacher, presenting to his urologist withmild urinary symptoms and asking for a checkup, and the case of a 75-yr-old retired bus driver with a positive family history, slight back pain, and a serum PSA of 2.3 ng/ml (performed 3 yr earlier) asking for a routine check as well, we could engage in a heated debate. Indeed both the European and the US trials are wanting in guiding the urologist in every individual case.
Appendix C: Potential Effects on Children's Performance of Child Language and Gender

In addition to the variables manipulated in this research, children's performance may have been affected by individual and group differences among the participants. This Appendix is a report of analyses of two child variables that might have influenced their performance. First, to determine whether initial differences in facility with language by children in the different delay conditions may have influenced the patterns obtained, we compared children's levels of productive vocabulary at the time of enrollment in the study. Second, we report analyses designed to determine whether there were any differences in performance associatedd with child gender. Although with regard to child gender, some effects obtained, in no case did the findings present substantive qualifications to the major patterns described in the body of the text.
Recategorized WISC‐R scores of learning disabled Navajo Indian children

WISC-R subtest scaled scores for 192 learning disabled Navajo Indian children were recategorized according to the system recommended by Bannatyne (1974), and subsequently analyzed using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. A Newman-Keuls Multiple Range Test was also conducted to determine significant pairwise comparisons. Results indicated that, as a group, the subjects failed to demonstrate the Spatial>Conceptual>Sequential pattern predicted by Bannatyne (1974). Implications for use of Bannatyne's system with learning disabled minority children are discussed.