cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renal ostial angioplasty and stenting. Part 2: pitfalls and complications.

Renal ostial stenting (ROS) is the most common endovascular intervention for treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. This article is the second in a two-part series dedicated to pitfalls and complications of renal stenting.
MIDP 2.0 changing the face of J2ME gaming

Pervasive computing is coming to the masses. The tremendous growth in cell phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs) has resulted in a new platform for programmers. Analysis of online sales records for these platforms shows that games, specifically those using the Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) in conjunction with the Mobile Information Device Proflle (MIDP), are the best sellers. Currently most consumer devices use the MIDP 1.0 API which provides little API support for gaming. As a result developers have been forced to write their own game libraries which has led to slow games with large distribution sizes. Recently devices supporting the revised MIDP 2.0 specification have become available. In this paper we analyze the benefits the new API brings to game development and provide a short tutorial which details the steps in porting a MIDP 1.0 game to 2.0.
Free energy simulation to investigate the effect of amino acid sequence environment on the severity of osteogenesis imperfecta by glycine mutations in collagen.

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to calculate the free energy change difference of two collagen-like peptide models for GlySer mutations causing two different osteogenesis imperfecta phenotypes. These simulations were performed to investigate the impact of local amino acid sequence environment adjacent to a mutation site on the stability of the collagen. The average free energy differences for a GlySer mutant relative to a wild type are 3.4 kcal/mol and 8.2 kcal/mol for a nonlethal site and a lethal site, respectively. The free energy change differences of mutant containing two Ser residues relative to the wild type at the nonlethal and lethal mutation sites are 4.6 and 9.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Although electrostatic interactions stabilize mutants containing one or two Ser residues at both mutation sites, van der Waals interactions are of sufficient magnitude to cause a net destabilization. The presence of Gln and Arg near the mutation site, which contain large and polar side chains, provide more destabilization than amino acids containing small and nonpolar side chains. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 401–409, 2011
COMPUTER METAPHORS - APPROACHES TO COMPUTER LITERACY FOR EDUCATORS

Abstract This paper describes a number of different metaphors which may be used by educators for gaining computer literacy. Each metaphor relates the computer to some other (presumably well-understood) conceptual foundation in order to make new knowledge about computers more comprehensible. These metaphorical approaches include: THE COMPUTER AS PERSON; THE COMPUTER AS TOOL; THE COMPUTER AS BRAIN; THE COMPUTER AS MAP; THE COMPUTER AS GLASS BOX; THE COMPUTER AS VITAMIN; THE COMPUTER AS PALETTE; THE COMPUTER AS MENTOR; THE COMPUTER AS CATALYST.
Public Versus Private Ownership of Firms: Evidence from Rural China

Why are many of China's successful rural enterprises publically owned by local communities? Using a set of provincial data, we find that the share of community public firms (Township-Village Enterprises, or TVEs) relative to private enterprises is higher where the central government's influence is greater, the community government's power is stronger, and the level of market development is lower. We also find that TVEs help achieve the community government's goals of increasing government revenue, rural nonfarm employment, and rural income. However, TVEs do not increase rural income given the levels of nonfarm employment and local public goods provision, indicating possible inefficiency as compared with private enterprises.
Comparison of 5% and ambient oxygen during days 3–5 of in vitro culture of human embryos

Objective To compare the effect of two oxygen concentrations used during days 3–5 of human embryo culture on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome. Design Retrospective analysis of the use of two culture conditions. Setting University-based infertility clinic. Patient(s) Three hundred eighty-two patients undergoing IVF. Intervention(s) Embryos were cultured in 5% CO 2 balanced (∼20% O 2 ) gas phase until day 3 then assigned to ∼20% or reduced (5%) oxygen concentration groups and cultured until ET. Main Outcome Measure(s) Embryo quality, pregnancy rates, and implantation rates. Result(s) There were no differences in demographic features (age, type of infertility) between the two groups. The embryo scores at day 3 and day 5, blastulation rate, and transfer score did not differ between groups. No differences were observed between the 5% and 20% oxygen concentrations in the chemical pregnancy rate (71.27% vs. 78.72%), clinical pregnancy rate (58.56% vs. 64.36%), or implantation rate (44.06% vs. 44.16%). Conclusion(s) Reduced oxygen concentration in the gas mixture from day 3 until ET did not support better embryo development or result in higher pregnancy or implantation rates. These data do not support the hypothesis that beneficial effects of reduced oxygen concentration can be gained by employing the strategy during the latter stages of embryo culture (days 3–5) only and highlight the need for further studies through all stages of in vitro culture.
A Structural and Energetic Model for the Slow-Onset Inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl-ACP Reductase InhA

Slow-onset enzyme inhibitors are of great interest for drug discovery programs since the slow dissociation of the inhibitor from the drug–target complex results in sustained target occupancy leading to improved pharmacodynamics. However, the structural basis for slow-onset inhibition is often not fully understood, hindering the development of structure-kinetic relationships and the rational optimization of drug-target residence time. Previously we demonstrated that slow-onset inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase InhA correlated with motions of a substrate-binding loop (SBL) near the active site. In the present work, X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to map the structural and energetic changes of the SBL that occur upon enzyme inhibition. Helix-6 within the SBL adopts an open conformation when the inhibitor structure or binding kinetics is substrate-like. In contrast, slow-onset inhibition results in large-scale local refolding in which heli...
A contribution to the Dicyrtomidae (Collembola) Of Hawaii

Ten new species in three subgenera of Dicyrtoma are described from the Hawaiian Islands. Specimens were received from collections made on Hawaii, Maui, Kauai and Oahu. Species definitions are based on chaetotaxy of head, legs and the circumanal region. In addition, presence or absence of lateral spines (neosminthurid setae) on the parafurcular lobes may assist in grouping species within subgenera. Previous records of dicyrtomids from Hawaii include only one species, Ptenothrix (Papaairioides) daubia(Folsom). The following new species are described: Ptenothrix(Ptenothrix) hawaiicnaeis sp.n., Ptenothrix (Papirioides) kauaiensis sp.n., P. (Papirioides) serrata sp.n., Dicyrtoma (Calvatomina) sylvestratilis sp.n., D. (Calvatomina) brevifibra sp.n., D. (Calvatomina) tesselata sp.n., D. (Calvatomina) longidigita sp.n., D. (Calvatomina) bellingeri sp.n., D. (Calvatomina) madestris sp.n., and D. (Calvatomina) microdentata sp.n.
Environmental Change and Migration: Legal and Political Frameworks

With this paper I focus on international legal norms and organizational roles and relations applicable to migration induced by environmental change. I examine movements stemming directly and indirectly from environmental factors related to climate change—including, for example, movements resulting from intensified drought and desertification affecting livelihoods, rising sea levels, intensified acute natural disasters, and competition for resources that result in intensified conflict. The analysis focuses on the extent to which legal and institutional responses affect patterns of mobility, especially in slow-onset situations, and the extent to which governance, more generally, affects the likelihood that people will migrate as a result of environmental factors, especially in humanitarian emergencies. I conclude that immigration policies, governance, and the level of development in affected countries play a crucial role in determining the responses to natural hazards and conflict. They also help determine ...
Identification of a Divided Genome for VSH-1, the Prophage-Like Gene Transfer Agent of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

The Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204 genome sequence revealed three VSH-1 tail genes, hvp31, hvp60, and hvp37, in a 3.6-kb cluster. The location and transcription direction of these genes relative to those of the previously described VSH-1 16.3-kb gene operon indicate that the gene transfer agent VSH-1 has a noncontiguous, divided genome.
Age‐Dependent Differences in the Anticonvulsant Effects of 2–Amino‐7‐Phosphono‐Heptanoic Acid or Ketamine Infusions Into the Substantia Nigra of Rats

Summary: Infusions of 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (AP7) or ketamine into the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNPR) of adult rats increase the latency of onset to seizures induced by the convulsant ether flurothyl. Nigral infusions of AP7 or ketamine in concentrations up to 10 times greater than the adult dose are ineffective in 16-day-old rats. These results suggest that differences in seizure susceptibility between adult and immature rats may be related to differences in excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in the SN.
Early Heimwehr Aims and Activities

The riots that took place in Vienna in July, 1927, and the unsuccessful strikes that followed them came to be regarded almost immediately as a turning point in the history of Austria's first republic. In a flash, the Social Democratic Party, which had made the best relative showing in the parliamentary elections in April of that year, was thrown on the defensive, while within a few months the governing anti-socialist groups dominated by the Christian Social Party began to gather their forces for a vigorous political offensive. In the forefront of the anti-socialist drive stood the various paramilitary Heimwehren, which had played a leading role in foiling the nationwide strikes in July. Capitalizing on the widespread fear that the socialist leaders were preparing to wage violent class warfare, the Heimwehr leaders rapidly expanded their provincial organizations and used them as militarized pressure groups. They sought to depict the Heimwehr as a popular movement that would save Austria's traditional social order by enabling—or forcing—the “bourgeois” parliamentarians to stand firm against the socialists.
Exploring Links Between Innovation and Diffusion: Adoption of NOX Control Technologies at US Coal-fired Power Plants

While many studies have looked at innovation and adoption of technologies separately, the two processes are linked. Advances (and expected advances) in a single technology should affect both its adoption rate and the adoption of alternative technologies. This paper combines plant-level data on US coal-fired electric power plants with patent data pertaining to NOX pollution control techniques to study this link. As in other studies of environmental technologies, the effect of other explanatory variables is dominated by the effect of environmental regulations, demonstrating that the mere presence of environmental technologies is not enough to encourage its usage. Nonetheless, I do find that technological advances are important for the adoption of existing combustion modification technologies. However, these advances are less important for the adoption of newer post-combustion control techniques, which are adopted only when needed to comply with the strictest emission limits.
Perceived control moderates the influence of active coping on salivary cortisol response to acute pain among women but not men

It is generally established that active-coping strategies and greater perceived control over pain are associated with improved pain-related outcomes; however, it remains unclear whether these factors independently or interactively influence adrenocortical function in reaction to a painful stimulus. The present study examined whether active coping predicted magnitude cortisol response to acute pain, whether perceived control over pain moderated this association, and whether effects differed as a function of sex. Our findings suggest that perceived control moderates the active coping-adrenocortical relation among women but not men, such that active coping may augment the release of cortisol in response to a painful stimulus only in the presence of greater perceived control over pain. Taken together, active coping and perceived control may potentiate an adaptive neuroendocrine response to an acute painful stressor.
Jet shapes and jet algorithms in SCET

Jet shapes are weighted sums over the four-momenta of the constituents of a jet and reveal details of its internal structure, potentially allowing discrimination of its partonic origin. In this work we make predictions for quark and gluon jet shape distributions in N-jet final states in e + e − collisions, defined with a cone or recombination algorithm, where we measure some jet shape observable on a subset of these jets. Using the framework of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, we prove a factorization theorem for jet shape distributions and demonstrate the consistent renormalization-group running of the functions in the factorization theorem for any number of measured and unmeasured jets, any number of quark and gluon jets, and any angular size R of the jets, as long as R is much smaller than the angular separation between jets. We calculate the jet and soft functions for angularity jet shapes τ α to one-loop order $ \left( {\mathcal{O}\left( {{\alpha_s}} \right)} \right) $ and resum a subset of the large logarithms of τ α needed for next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy for both cone and kT-type jets. We compare our predictions for the resummed τ α distribution of a quark or a gluon jet produced in a 3-jet final state in e + e − annihilation to the output of a Monte Carlo event generator and find that the dependence on a and R is very similar.
Die Reaktion zwischen Phosphoroxychlorid und Natriumnitrit

Es wurde das System Natriumnitrit–Phosphoroxychlorid untersucht, um die neben Nitrosylchlorid entstehenden Reaktionsprodukte zu bestimmen. Dabei konnte entgegen fruherer Darstellung kein NO gefunden werden. Die Reaktionsprodukte, die mittels gravimetrischer Analyse, stochiometrischer Berechnung, der Destillation der gasformigen Produkte und der rontgenographischen Untersuchung des festen Ruckstandes bestimmt worden sind, bestatigen den durch Gleichung (1) dargestellten Reaktionsablauf: (1) Das Infrarotspektrum eines CCl4-Eluats des festen Ruckstandes zeigt, das keine POCl3-Additionsprodukte enthalten sind.
DCIATP-an iterative analog circuit test generation program for generating DC single pattern tests

An algorithm is proposed for automatic test input generation for nonlinear analog circuits and digital circuits with analog behavior under fault. The algorithm uses high-level reasoning with simple iteration to find inputs which will detect resistive shorts and opens that cause DC errors. A simple version of the algorithm, for the time-domain case, has been implemented. Current work includes incorporating the heuristics into the path-generating algorithm, creating tests for larger circuits, extending the fault model to a parameter change in branches other than resistors (e.g. a beta change in a transistor), creating sensitivity metrics for the frequency domain and developing a transient error solution. >
Promoting engagement by patients and families to reduce adverse events in acute care settings: a systematic review

Introduction Patient-centeredness is central to healthcare. Hospitals should address patients’ unique needs to improve safety and quality. Patient engagement in healthcare, which may help prevent adverse events, can be approached as an independent patient safety practice (PSP) or as part of a multifactorial PSP. Objectives This review examines how interventions encouraging this engagement have been implemented in controlled trials. Methods We searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane from 2000 to 2012 for English language studies in hospital settings with prospective controlled designs, addressing the effectiveness or implementation of patient/family engagement in PSPs. We separately reviewed interventions implemented as part of selected broader PSPs by way of example: hand hygiene, ventilator-associated pneumonia, rapid response systems and care transitions. Results Six articles met the inclusion criteria for effectiveness with a primary focus on patient engagement. We identified 12 studies implementing patient engagement as an aspect of selected broader PSPs. A number of studies relied on patients’ possible function as a reporter of error to healthcare workers and patients as a source of reminders regarding safety behaviours, while others relied on direct activation of patients or families. Definitions of patient and family engagement were lacking, as well as evidence regarding the types of patients who might feel comfortable engaging with providers, and in what contexts. Conclusions While patient engagement in safety is appealing, there is insufficient high-quality evidence informing real-world implementation. Further work should evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on patient and family engagement and clarify the added benefit of incorporating engagement in multifaceted approaches to improve patient safety endpoints. In addition, strategies to assess and overcome barriers to patients’ willingness to actively engage in their care should be investigated.
The Mediating Role of Feedback Avoidance Behavior in the LMX-Performance Relationship

The literature on leader—member exchange theory (LMX) has consistently demonstrated the positive relationship between member perceptions of the quality of their relationship with the leader and member performance. The process through which relationship quality influences member performance, however, is still not fully understood.The present study provides an explanatory mechanism for this process. Specifically, feedback avoiding behavior, a feedback management strategy used by poor performers to minimize exposure to negative feedback from their leaders, fully mediates the relationship between LMX and member performance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
A National Survey Of Urinary And Health Related Quality Of Life Outcomes In Men With An Artificial Urinary Sphincter For Post-Radical Prostatectomy Incontinence

Purpose: We determine health related quality of life and urinary outcomes of men undergoing implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter for post-radical prostatectomy incontinence.Materials and Methods: Through a data base provided by American Medical Systems, we mailed the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index to men who underwent artificial urinary sphincter implantation during 6-month intervals in 1995 in 1999, providing 5 and 2-year followup data, respectively.Results: Of the anonymous questionnaires 36% were returned from the 1995 cohort and 45% from the 1999 cohort. Age adjusted mean scores for the 8 health related quality of life domains were comparable in both groups. Urinary function and bother scores were worse in the 1995 cohort compared to the 1999 group (40 and 48 versus 53 and 58, respectively, p <0.001), with pad use of 97% and 83% respectively. Revision rates were 16% at 2 years and 28% at 5 years after implantation.Conclusions: Our national survey revealed that despite significant differences in...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles operational requirements and fault-tolerant robust control in level flight

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are playing an important role both in military as well as civilian applications. However, their role in civilian applications is hampered by the lack of adequate guidelines and operational requirements. In this paper a set of flight, operational and performance requirements for the use of fixed wing UAVs in civilian applications are collated from several resources in the public domain. The application of these requirements to the flight control of an unmanned fixed-wing aircraft is also addressed in this paper. A robust controller is designed to maintain the stability and the desired performance of the system in the presence of modeling uncertainty and measurement noise. A neural network based Fault Detection and Identification (FDI) scheme is then developed to estimate the effectiveness of control inputs. Finally, a reconfigurable controller is designed to compensate for the degradation of the actuation on the occurrence of a fault. Monte Carlo simulation is used to validate the capability and performance of the designed controller.
Nonlinear steady incompressible lifting-surface analysis with wake roll-up

The problem of lifting surfaces in steady incompressible flow is considered in terms of an integral equation relating the potential discontinuity on wing and wake to the normal derivative of the potential (normal wash) on the lifting surface. The integral equation is approximated by a system of linear algebraic equations obtained by dividing the surfaces into small quadrilateral elements and by assuming the potential discontinuity and the normal wash to be constant within each element. The wake geometry is obtained through iteration by satisfying the condition that the velocity be tangent to the surface of the wake and that the potential discontinuity be constant along the streamlines. Numerical results are in good agreement with existing ones
Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector for citrus greening disease, huanglongbing

Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from microsatellite-enriched DNA libraries and mined from an expressed sequence tags library of Diaphorina citri , the vector of the citrus greening disease (huanglongbing). Analysis of 288 individuals from Florida, Texas, and Brazil showed that allelic diversity ranged from three to eight alleles per locus and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.014 to 0.569 and from 0.052 to 0.653, respectively. These variable microsatellite loci can provide means for assessing overall genetic variation and migration patterns for this agriculturally important pest species. This information can be used to aid in developing successful management strategies.
Going Across the River: Black Canadians and Detroit Before the Great Migration

In 1886 local leaders of the Knights of Labor, representing a substantial segment of the working class of Detroit, Michigan, complained that immigrants created a reserve of labor readily available ...
In search of cellular control: Signal transduction in context

The field of molecular cell biology has experienced enormous advances over the last century by reducing the complexity of living cells into simpler molecular components and binding interactions that are amenable to rigorous biochemical analysis. However, as our tools become more powerful, there is a tendency to define mechanisms by what we can measure. The field is currently dominated by efforts to identify the key molecules and sequences that mediate the function of critical receptors, signal transducers, and molecular switches. Unfortunately, these conventional experimental approaches ignore the importance of supramolecular control mechanisms that play a critical role in cellular regulation. Thus, the significance of individual molecular constituents cannot be fully understood when studied in isolation because their function may vary depending on their context within the structural complexity of the living cell. These higher-order regulatory mechanisms are based on the cell's use of a form of solid-state biochemistry in which molecular components that mediate biochemical processing and signal transduction are immobilized on insoluble cytoskeletal scaffolds in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Key to the understanding of this form of cellular regulation is the realization that chemistry is structure and hence, recognition of the the importance of architecture and mechanics for signal integration and biochemical control. Recent work that has unified chemical and mechanical signaling pathways provides a glimpse of how this form of higher-order cellular control may function and where paths may lie in the future.
Developing an automated distributed meeting scheduler

Automated scheduling agents allow users to concentrate on productive tasks and to improve the quality of information processing. The author uses a distributed approach with intelligent agents to design and develop efficient meeting scheduling. The purpose of the project is to design and implement a software system that uses intelligent meeting-scheduling agents that can negotiate with other agents without compromising their user-specified constraints. A small group of researchers in our department runs the prototype system, and we are using feedback from them to improve the interface and to expand the functionality of the system.
From pathophysiology to targeted therapy for atherothrombosis: A role for the combination of statin and aspirin in secondary prevention

Atherothrombosis results from direct interaction between the atherosclerotic plaque and arterial thrombosis, and underlies most forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is now recognised to involve endothelial dysfunction and dyslipidemia with cholesterol accumulation, as well as critical immuno-inflammatory and apoptotic dimensions. Erosion or rupture of a vulnerable, lipid-rich, inflammatory atherosclerotic plaque triggers the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus that may partially or completely occlude the artery, with resultant clinical scenarios including stable and unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke. Insight into the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis indicates that an integrated risk factor approach, focusing particularly on management of dyslipidaemia (with a statin) and thrombosis (with aspirin), may constitute an optimal therapeutic approach. Both agents have established roles in secondary prevention. Statin action on atherogenic lipoproteins mediates plaque stabilisation, modification of plaque morphology and attenuation of inflammation, and may lead to plaque regression, while aspirin reduces platelet activation and aggregation, decreases release of inflammatory cytokines at sites of vascular injury and attenuates vasoconstriction. Given these complementary modes of action, this combination would be a logical choice for reducing atherothrombotic risk in patients with CVD. Meta-analysis of 5 major clinical studies has demonstrated that the combination of pravastatin plus aspirin was significantly more effective than either agent alone in reducing the relative risk of key cardiovascular endpoints including MI and ischaemic stroke. This combination may therefore represent an important, cost-efficient therapeutic approach to reduction of cardiovascular risk and prevention of recurrent events in stable CVD.
Embryonic Epinephrine Synthesis in the Rat Heart Before Innervation Association With Pacemaking and Conduction Tissue Development

Epinephrine is a potent neurotransmitter and hormone that can influence cardiac performance beginning shortly after the first myocardial contractions occur in developing vertebrate embryos. In the present study, we provide evidence that the heart itself may produce epinephrine during embryonic development. Using antibodies that selectively recognize the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine ss-hydroxylase, and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, we used coimmunofluorescent staining techniques to identify cardiac cells that have the capability of producing catecholamines. Initially, cells expressing catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes were found interspersed throughout the myocardium, but by embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5), they became preferentially localized to the dorsal venous valve and atrioventricular canal regions. As development proceeded, catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme expression decreased in these regions but became quite strong along the crest of the interventricular septum by E16.5. This expression pattern was also transient, decreasing in the ventricular septum by E19.5. These data are consistent with a transient and progressive association of catecholamine-producing cells within regions of the heart that become the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and bundle of His. This is the first evidence demonstrating that intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells may be preferentially associated with early pacemaking and conduction tissue development.
Noniterative Algorithms for Sensitivity Analysis Attacks

Sensitivity analysis attacks constitute a powerful family of watermark "removal" attacks. They exploit vulnerability in some watermarking protocols: the attacker's unlimited access to the watermark detector. This paper proposes a mathematical framework for designing sensitivity analysis attacks and focuses on additive spread-spectrum embedding schemes. The detectors under attack range in complexity from basic correlation detectors to normalized correlation detectors and maximum-likelihood (ML) detectors. The new algorithms precisely estimate and then eliminate the watermark from the watermarked signal. This is accomplished by exploiting geometric properties of the detection boundary and the information leaked by the detector. Several important extensions are presented, including the case of a partially unknown detection function, and the case of constrained detector inputs. In contrast with previous art, our algorithms are noniterative and require, at most, O(n) detection operations in order to precisely estimate the watermark, where n is the dimension of the signal. The cost of each detection operation is O(n); hence, the algorithms can be executed in quadratic time. The method is illustrated with an application to image watermarking using an ML detector based on a generalized Gaussian model for images
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part VI - Investments In Securities

This series is designed to restore to the introductory accounting course the theoretical structure now missing from most principles texts. Laux 2007(a) offers the justification, and thus far the series has addressed the other major assets—cash, accounts receivable, inventory, property, and intangible assets. "The Conceptual Framework at a Glance" section of the 2007 work uses the hierarchy of accounting characteristics (displayed on the following page) along with a mountain-hiking analogy to describe some of the daily accounting dilemmas encountered at the base of the mountain, potential measurement and classification issues associated with the adjusting process in the foothills of the journey, and the goal to be reached at the mountain top—reflecting economic reality, thereby making the information useful for decision makers. To that end, the current article briefly reviews the fundamental accounting rules for investments in marketable securities, followed by a section outlining the conceptual framework connections and measurement issues. Finally, the last section introduces some real-world examples of companies that have struggled with securities-related reporting. The section also looks at some of the literature devoted to investments, both conceptual and empirical.
Experiences in the construction of open source low technology off-grid wind turbines

Though electrification began over one hundred years ago, today there remains approximately 1.5 billion people without access to electricity. This form of energy poverty disproportionately afflicts people living in rural and developing communities. Access to electricity, even at modest consumption levels, can dramatically improve the quality of life in a community. For example, electric lamps allow children to study at night, and radios and cellular phones greatly improve communication pathways. Small amounts of power can be provided by on-site distributed generation, without the need for expensive and intrusive transmission lines. This paper describes the design and construction of a low-technology wind turbine generator. The generator is designed to supply electricity to a small, off-grid community. The wind turbine can be primarily constructed by hand, without specialized manufacturing processes or exotic materials. Opportunities and challenges of using low-technology wind turbine generators in rural electrification are discussed. The wind turbine was constructed in a joint effort by the IEEE Power & Energy Society Community Solutions Initiative and the Puget Sound Professional Chapter of Engineers without Borders USA.
Choose Your Method: A Comparison of Phenomenology, Discourse Analysis, and Grounded Theory

The purpose of this article is to compare three qualitative approaches that can be used in health research: phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. The authors include a model that summarizes similarities and differences among the approaches, with attention to their historical development, goals, methods, audience, and products. They then illustrate how these approaches differ by applying them to the same data set. The goal in phenomenology is to study how people make meaning of their lived experience; discourse analysis examines how language is used to accomplish personal, social, and political projects; and grounded theory develops explanatory theories of basic social processes studied in context. The authors argue that by familiarizing themselves with the origins and details of these approaches, researchers can make better matches between their research question(s) and the goals and products of the study.
Reduced Silent Occlusions with a Novel Catheter Infusion Set (BD FlowSmart): Results from Two Open-Label Comparative Studies

Abstract Background: Insulin pump users experience periods of unexplained hyperglycemia. In some cases these may be due to insulin flow interruptions termed “silent occlusions,” which occur without activating the pump alarm and may require set replacement. Materials and Methods: In-line pressure profiles of a novel infusion set with a 6-mm, 28-gauge polymer, dual-ported catheter (BD FlowSmart™; Becton Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ) were compared with those of an existing infusion set (Quick-set®; Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) in two separate studies involving insulin diluent infusions over 2.5–4.5-h periods in healthy adults without diabetes. Study 1, a pilot study (n = 25), compared the occurrence of flow interruption events (silent occlusions and/or occlusion alarms) between the two infusion sets and between manual or device-assisted insertion methods. Study 2 (n = 60) was designed to show ≥50% reduction in flow interruption events with the BD set after manual insertions. (Silent occlusions...
Database Research for Fellows-in-Training and Early-Career Cardiologists

I still remember meeting with 1 of my first-year cardiology fellows who was seeking a mentor and a research project. During that meeting, I felt his enthusiasm to have a well-designed research project that may affect the field of pediatric cardiology. I told him that although the time is limited in
Life Beyond Earth and the Evolutionary Synthesis

For many astronomers, the progressive development of life has been seen as a natural occurrence given proper environmental conditions on a planet: even though such beings would not be identical to humans, there would be significant parallels. A striking contrast is seen in writings of nonphysical scientists, who have held more widely differing views. But within this diversity, reasons for differences become more apparent when we see how views about extraterrestrials can be related to the differential emphasis placed on modern evolutionary theory by scientists of various disciplines. One clue to understanding the differences between the biologists, paleontologists, and anthropologists who speculated on extraterrestrials is suggested by noting who wrote on the subject. Given the relatively small number of commentators on the topic, it seems more than coincidental that four of the major contributors to the evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s are among them. Upon closer examination it is evident that the exobiological arguments of Theodosius Dobzhansky and George Gaylord Simpson and, less directly, of H. J. Muller and Ernst Mayr are all related to their earlier work in formulating synthetic evolution. By examining the variety of views held by nonphysical scientists, we can see that there were significant disagreements between them about evolution into the 1960s. By the mid-1980s, many believed that “higher” life, particularly intelligent life, probably occurs quite infrequently in the universe; nevertheless, some held out the possibility that convergence of intelligence could occur across worlds. Regardless of the final conclusions these scientists reached about the likely prevalence of extraterrestrial intelligence, the use of evolutionary arguments to support their positions became increasingly common.
Evaluating mitochondrial autophagy in the mouse heart

Mitochondrial autophagy plays an important role in mediating mitochondrial quality control. Evaluating the extent of mitochondrial autophagy is challenging in the adult heart in vivo. Keima is a fluorescent protein that emits different colored signals at acidic and neutral pHs. Keima targeted to mitochondria (Mito-Keima) is useful in evaluating the extent of mitochondrial autophagy in cardiomyocytes in vitro. In order to evaluate the level of mitochondrial autophagy in the heart in vivo, we generated adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 harboring either Mito-Keima or Lamp1-YFP. AAV9-Mito-Keima and AAV9-Lamp1-YFP were administered intravenously and mice were subjected to either forty-eight hours of fasting or normal chow. Thin slices of the heart prepared within cold PBS were subjected to confocal microscopic analyses. The acidic dots Mito-Keima elicited by 561nm excitation were co-localized with Lamp1-YFP dots (Pearson's correlation, 0.760, p<0.001), confirming that the acidic dots of Mito-Keima were localized in lysosomes. The area co-occupied by Mito-Keima puncta with 561nm excitation and Lamp1-YFP was significantly greater 48h after fasting. Electron microscopic analyses indicated that autophagosomes containing only mitochondria were observed in the heart after fasting. The mitochondrial DNA content and the level of COX1/GAPDH, indicators of mitochondrial mass, were significantly smaller in the fasting group than in the control group, consistent with the notion that lysosomal degradation of mitochondria is stimulated after fasting. In summary, the level of mitochondrial autophagy in the adult heart can be evaluated with intravenous injection of AAV-Mito-Keima and AAV-Lamp1-YFP and confocal microscopic analyses.
Study on reactive control strategy of UHVDC transmission project

To keep normal running of UHVDC in addition to the active control reactive power control were needed to maintain a normal commutation voltage of converter valve. Reactive power control need coordinate with priority of each level control when considering filtering and voltage stability. Traditional reactive power and voltage control does not generally consider the priority issues of reactive power control. In order to analysis the mechanism of reactive power and voltage control of UHVDC. Take the ±800kV Jinsu UHVDC as background, based on the study on the filter configuration, detailed analysis of the relationship between the priority of the five control levels for reactive and voltage control as well as the its control principles were make. Research results indicates that the reactive power control strategies of UHVDC have five levels as abs min filter control, Umax/Umin control, Qmax control, min filter control and U/Q control under priority from low to high.
Lithofacies classification in the Marcellus Shale by applying a statistical clustering algorithm to petrophysical and elastic well logs

AbstractInterpreting shale lithofacies is an important step in identifying productive zones in the Marcellus Shale gas play; the target reservoir can be less than 3 m (10 ft) thick with overlying shales that appear similar on certain petrophysical well logs and in the core. However, these nonreservoir-quality shales contain widely varying organic and mechanical properties. To distinguish between reservoir- and nonreservoir-quality shale facies, this classification method applies a pattern-recognition algorithm, expectation maximization, to a set of commonly available petrophysical and elastic well logs to create 1D shale facies models along the wellbore. The statistical algorithm classifies the petrophysical and elastic well-log data into defined facies using the theory that each well log contains a distribution of Gaussian curves for each facies. The method is applied to 12 wells across Pennsylvania and northern West Virginia, and it is able to discriminate between shale facies based on organic content a...
Validation of a Self-Administered Audiometry Application: An Equivalence Study.

Objectives/Hypothesis To compare hearing measurements made at home using self-administered audiometric software against audiological tests performed on the same subjects in a clinical setting Study Design Prospective, crossover equivalence study Methods In experiment 1, adults with varying degrees of hearing loss (N = 19) performed air-conduction audiometry, frequency discrimination, and speech recognition in noise testing twice at home with an automated tablet application and twice in sound-treated clinical booths with an audiologist. The accuracy and reliability of computer-guided home hearing tests were compared to audiologist administered tests. In experiment 2, the reliability and accuracy of pure-tone audiometric results were examined in a separate cohort across a variety of clinical settings (N = 21). Results Remote, automated audiograms were statistically equivalent to manual, clinic-based testing from 500 to 8,000 Hz (P ≤ .02); however, 250 Hz thresholds were elevated when collected at home. Remote and sound-treated booth testing of frequency discrimination and speech recognition thresholds were equivalent (P ≤ 5 × 10−5). In the second experiment, remote testing was equivalent to manual sound-booth testing from 500 to 8,000 Hz (P ≤ .02) for a different cohort who received clinic-based testing in a variety of settings. Conclusion These data provide a proof of concept that several self-administered, automated hearing measurements are statistically equivalent to manual measurements made by an audiologist in the clinic. The demonstration of statistical equivalency for these basic behavioral hearing tests points toward the eventual feasibility of monitoring progressive or fluctuant hearing disorders outside of the clinic to increase the efficiency of clinical information collection. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope, 2016
Investigation and Analysis on Present Personnel Quality of Female Beach Volleyball Team in China

From two aspects of athlete and coach,the paper makes an analysis on the present personnel quality of female beach volleyball team in China,which shows that our female athletes are younger and have short time training,with good condition and reasonable academic structure;our coaches mostly hold undergraduate degree in the spirit of professional dedication,but there is much room for them to improve the structure of knowledge of abilities.
The treatment of urinary incontinence in children using glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen.

AbstractPeriurethral injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (PolyTef) paste has been used to correct urinary incontinence for 2 decades. The controversy over distant migration of the paste has led to an interest in alternative materials particularly for the pediatric patient. Glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen, derived from bovine dermal collagen, is effective in treating urinary incontinence in adults. Eight children with structural urinary incontinence underwent glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen injection. Fluorourodynamic studies preceded and followed the injections. An average of 10.9 cc glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen was injected per treatment (range 2.5 to 20). The number of injections per child ranged from 1 to 6 (mean 2.1) and followup averaged 13.75 months (range 6 to 33). Overall, 88% of the patients were cured or improved: 5 (63%) became continent, 2 were improved and 1 had no effect.
Correlations between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Peritoneal Transport in Pediatric Ccpd Patients:

ObjectivePlasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important regulator of plasminogen activators and has been shown to be involved in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in various...
Endoscopic management of airway venous malformations with Nd:YAG laser.

Objectives The neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is a powerful tool in treating venous malformations (VMs) involving the upper airway. If left untreated, laryngeal VMs can lead to life-threatening airway obstruction. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic management of laryngeal VMs with the Nd:YAG laser. Methods We performed a 12-year retrospective review in a tertiary referral center. Patient records were reviewed for demographics, presenting symptoms, area of involvement, age at first Nd:YAG laser therapy, total number of treatments, time between treatments, and treatment response. Results Seventeen patients were treated endoscopically with an Nd:YAG laser for laryngeal VMs. The mean age at first treatment was 23.0 years (range, 18 to 45 years). The majority of patients presented with obstructive sleep apnea (58.8%), and 17.5% of patients presented with acute airway obstruction or stridor. The remaining patients presented with minor symptoms, including chronic cough and voice changes. The VMs involved the supraglottis, glottis, or both in 29%, 35%, and 35% of patients, respectively. An average of 4 treatments were required per patient (median, 3.5; range, 1 to 9). The time between treatments increased with each consecutive laser therapy, starting at a mean of 3.8 months between the first and second treatments to 21.7 months between the third and fourth. A marked reduction in VM size and symptom improvement were achieved in each patient after Nd:YAG therapy. Two complications (3%) were encountered among 66 total procedures. Conclusions Endoscopic management of VMs using an Nd:YAG laser appears to be both effective and relatively safe. Multiple treatments are often required, but increased time can elapse between consecutive therapies. Use of the Nd:YAG laser for laryngeal VMs helps avoid tracheotomy and open surgical resection.
Closure of the Latissimus Dorsi Donor Site: Utilization of Quilting Sutures and Fibrin Sealant to Reduce Duration of Drain Placement and Seroma

Seroma formation has been one of the most common complications following harvest of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The multifactorial nature of seroma formation requires a multifactorial approach, hence the use of fibrin glue and quilting sutures. After harvest of the latissimus muscle two 15 french drains are placed along with equally spaced quilting suture and fibrin glue. The combination of fibrin glue and quilting suture has reduced the duration of drain placement (2 weeks) while maintaining a very low seroma rate (less than or equal to 5 %). The combination of quilting suture and fibrin glue reduces dead space and formation of serous exudate. Overall this results in a reduction in the duration of drain placement and helps maintain a low seroma rate.
Introduction to the Symposium on AI and the Mitigation of Human Error

In this Symposium, we want to take an existential but rigorous view of AI with its possible applications to mitigate human error, to find anomalies in human operations, and to discover, when, for example, teams have gone awry, whether AI should intercede in the affairs of humans.