cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redefining Intimate Partner Violence Beyond the Binary to Include Transgender People

Since the mid-1970s, the field of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has debated over gender differences in the perpetration of physical partner violence. However, this classical controversy has ignored transgender people since their gender does not seemingly fit the binary categories (male and female) first used to conceptualize IPV. Furthermore, sustained attention on this ceaseless argument has contributed to transgender people remaining invisible to the field of IPV. In this article, we redefine IPV to extend beyond the gender binary and invite the field to shift its focus to transgender people. Research suggests that as many as one in two transgender individuals are victims of IPV, but that multiple barriers prevent this group from acquiring protection that is afforded to others. Therefore, we propose that researchers direct their attention to this topic, and thus, inform police officers, victim advocates, and medical professionals who work directly to combat IPV for all.
Evaluation of Millipore Cartridge-type Water Treatment Systems for Microbiological Applications

Two different cartridge-type water treatment systems were evaluated for use in the microbiology laboratory, employing the Distilled Water Suitability Test (DWST). The Milli-Q system fed by distilled water and the Milli-R/Q system fed by tap water both produced water acceptable for microbiological use as measured by the DWST. Concentrations of ionic species (as measured by conductivity) in Milli-Q and Milli-R/Q products were significantly lower than in the double distilled control water.
Direct imprint patterning of 2-D and 3-D nanoparticle/polymer hybrid and crystalline metal oxide structures for printed optical, electronic, and energy devices

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) offers high precision patterning of structures as small as 50 nm using wafer-based or roll-to-roll process platforms, however current resist systems offer little functionality. We developed hybrid UV-NIL resists containing up to 90 wt. % nanoparticles with excellent optical transparency for direct patterning of device structures including a readily scalable print, lift, and stack approach for producing large-area, 3D photonic crystal (PC) structures and optical gratings. We have also extended the NIL approach to directly print dimensionally stable metal oxide nanostructures using inks containing high concentrations of crystalline nanoparticles.
Factors Affecting the Results of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancies

130 patients who were unsuitable for conventional-intensity conditioning underwent RI-HSCT after 100 mg/m 2 melphalan (+ 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide if no prior autograft). GVHD prophylaxis comprised cyclosporine (HLA-matched siblings) or tacrolimus (all others) and MMF. Table 1: Patient characteristics Refractory disease, HLA mismatch, donor age >45, elevated creatinine, low DLCO, thrombocytopenia, male donor, poor performance status, and low albumin affected OS adversely in univariate analysis. The following factors affected outcome independently: Table 2: Cox analysis These prognostic factors were similar to those found on studying the first 63 patients in this series (Mehta et al. Bone Marrow Transplant 2006) –with the additional emergence of HLA mismatch and thrombocytopenia which were significant in univariate but not multivariate analysis then. These data suggest that RI-HSCT is useful for some patients with hematologic malignancies who are ineligible for conventional-intensity HSCT. However, alternative HSCT techniques or non-HSCT options are needed for high-risk patients.
Host Associations of Helobdella octatestisaca (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) and the First Report of this Leech in the United States

ABSTRACT: Helobdella octatestisaca Lai and Chang, 2009, was originally described from Taiwan where it is believed to have been introduced. It has subsequently been reported from throughout much of Mexico. Helobdella octatestisaca was collected from a small pond in Walker County, Texas, U.S.A., representing the first report of this species from the United States. Helobdella octatestisaca occurred primarily associated with red-eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta, and common mud turtles, Kinosternon subrubrum. Individuals of H. octatestisaca were frequently found within clusters of juveniles of the common turtle leech, Placobdella parasitica, and were often attached to individuals of P. parasitica. It was hypothesized that H. octatestisaca is utilizing P. parasitica as a source of food and that Helobdella spp. preferentially associate with turtles, thereby gaining enhanced access to prey items.
A New Species of Mansfieldella (Gastropoda: Olividae: Olivellinae) from the Pleistocene Bermont Formation of Southern Florida

Mansfieldella, an olivelline gastropod genus, was erected by Olsson and Harbison (1953, p. 188). It is distinguished from other genera within the Olivellinae by a heavily developed parietal callus, which spreads thickly over the surface of the spire-whorls covering the sutures except the final half of the last whorl, and a strongly lirate pillar structure in which the anterior and posterior lirations are enlarged and tooth-like. Until now the genus included a single species, Oliuella (Mansfieldella) pugilis, described by the authors in the same work. Mansfieldella pugilis, a relatively common and distinctive shell, was originally described from the Pliocene of St. Petersburg and is common in the Pliocene Pinecrest Beds at Sarasota, Florida.
Effect of Pretreatment on Durability of fct-Structured Pt-Based Alloy Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction under Operating Conditions in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

The effects of different pretreatments on performance and durability of the fct-structured Pt-based alloy catalyst were investigated under operating conditions in PEMFCs. The fct-structured PtCo catalyst (PtCo/CN) was prepared by impregnating transition metal salts into Pt/CN catalyst followed by a heat-treatment under a reducing atmosphere. To remove the excess amount of transition metal on the catalyst surface, a preleaching procedure was carried in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution to synthesize the L-PtCo/CN catalyst. Subsequently, the L-PtCo/CN catalyst was annealed under a reducing atmosphere at a mild temperature to synthesize the AL-PtCo/CN catalyst. The intensive physicochemical analyses were performed before and after the durability test to evaluate the effects of the pretreatments on the catalyst durability. All catalysts were electrochemically tested for the ORR performance, while the durability test was carried out in a single cell by sweeping 30 000 potential cycles. The results indicated that the L-PtCo...
Cardiac patients’ perceptions of neighboring patients’ risk: influence on psychological stress in the ED and subsequent posttraumatic stress

As many as 12% of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients screen positive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms due to their cardiac event, and emergency department (ED) factors such as overcrowding have been associated with risk for PTSD. We tested the association of patients’ perceptions of their proximity to a critically ill patient during ED evaluation for ACS with development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PSS) in the month after hospital discharge. Participants were enrolled in the REactions to Acute Care and Hospitalization (REACH) study during evaluation for ACS in an urban ED. Participants reported whether they perceived a patient near them was close to death. They also reported their current fear, concern they may die, perceived control, and feelings of vulnerability on an Emergency Room Perceptions questionnaire. One month later, participants reported on PTSD symptoms specific to the cardiac event and ED hospitalization. Of 763 participants, 12% reported perceiving a nearby patient was likely to die. In a multivariate linear regression model [F(9757) = 19.69, p < .001, R2 adjusted = .18] with adjustment for age, sex, GRACE cardiac risk score, discharge ACS diagnosis, Charlson comorbidity index, objective ED crowding, and depression symptoms at baseline, perception of a nearby patients’ likely death was associated with a 2.33 point (95% CI, 0.60–4.61) increase in 1 month PTSD score. A post hoc mediation analysis with personal threat perceptions [F(10,756) = 25.28, p < .001, R2 adjusted = .24] showed increased personal threat perceptions during the ED visit, B = 0.71 points on the PCL per point on the personal threat perception questionnaire, β = 0.27, p = .001, fully mediated association of participants’ perceptions of nearby patients’ likely death with 1-month PTSD score (after adjustment for ED threat perceptions,) B = 0.89 (95% CI, −1.33 to 3.12), β = 0.03, p = .43, accounting for 62% of the adjusted effect and causing the main effect to become statistically nonsignificant. We found patients who perceived a nearby patient was likely to die had significantly greater PTSD symptoms at 1 month. Awareness of this association may be helpful for designing ED patient management procedures to identify and treat patients with an eye to post-ACS psychological care.
Black Women Lawmakers and Second-Wave Feminism: An Intersectional Analysis on Generational Cohorts Within Southern State Legislatures from 1990 to 2014

While the Second Wave of feminism opened doors for female political activism and for women to be seen as strong political leaders, the movement has been accused of focusing largely on the concerns of white women and generally avoiding the concerns of African American women—who live in a double bind of racial and gender discrimination. In this chapter, Nadia E. Brown, Guillermo Caballero, Fernando Tormos, Allison Wong, and Sharonda Woodford argue that despite criticism of Second-Wave feminists for ignoring the intersection of race and gender, the movement, when viewed in conjunction with the African American Civil Rights Movement proved influential for Black women who came of age during this period, launching a generation of female, African American state political leaders. Specifically, Brown and colleagues examine differences in class and generational cohorts among African American female state legislators from 1990 to 2014. They focus primarily on African American female state legislators in the South since that is where most African Americans live and where female African Americans have had the most electoral success. In order to explicate the ways in which race and gender function in tandem, Brown et al. profile two African American female state legislators from Maryland. From this in-depth case study, the authors are able to provide a more nuanced description of how these two legislators championed policies designed to help the most marginalized people in their community—an approach that allows African American legislators to establish common ground at the crucial intersection of race and gender, highlighting the complexity of Black feminism in the post-Second-Wave era.
Generation of B5+ ions from a nanosecond laser plasma

Abstract Fully-stripped boron ions are generated by a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser (wavelength λ = 1064 nm, pulse width τ = 7 ns, and maximum laser pulse energy E = 175 mJ) ablation of a B target in vacuum. Time-of-flight and three-grid electrostatic retarding field ion energy-to-charge analyzers are used to detect charge and kinetic energy distribution of the ions. Higher charge states, along with the increase in the number of ions detected, are observed with the increase in the laser fluence. An external electric field between the end of the expansion chamber and a grounded grid is used to extract the ions and accelerate them according to their charge state. For 5 kV accelerating voltage applied to the B target and using a laser fluence of 115 J/cm2, ∼1.5 nC of total charge is delivered to the detector which is located ∼150 cm away from the B target. Ion deflection by an electrostatic field separates the ions from the neutrals and makes this geometry suitable for ion implantation.
GIS Server Application for Avalanche Studies

“GIS Server Application for Avalanche Studies” by Bryan Joseph Raymer Forecasting avalanches is a complex task that the “GIS Server Application for Avalanche Studies” project prototype attempts to address. This server application provides detailed information -such as name, average activity rate, elevation, and aspect -on each known avalanche path within this study area. The prototype serves as a tool for forecasters to share their knowledge with other civilians who frequent the study area, as well as other forecasters. The primary goal of this project was to establish a tool that utilizes historical weather and avalanche activity data to determine areas where avalanches have occurred in the past and are most likely to occur again, based on forecasted weather conditions. The creation of this GIS model to process data and determine focus areas would allow forecasters to spend more time in the field by eliminating land areas of less concern. This type of model would be valuable for forecasters when they are asked to make predictions for unfamiliar regions, such as forecasting for international events like the winter Olympics or foreign countries to support military efforts. In order to accomplish this, an Arc model was created which allows individuals to enter predicted weather values such as temperature and precipitation. The tool then executes a query on historical information to find other dates with very similar conditions. Upon completion of this query, a secondary query is conducted to determine what avalanche activity occurred on those days. This information is then transferred to a shapefile with the same color scheme as the Colorado Avalanche Information Center’s (CAIC) avalanche probability Danger Rose, which is used by forecasters to communicate vii avalanche probability. Avalanche areas are symbolized as green, yellow, or red depending on whether the most similar days had zero, one, or more than one avalanche, respectively. This feature gives forecasters and other individuals access to tools to examine potential avalanche danger without accessing the areas themselves.
A Rapid, Specific assay for Superoxide Release from Phagocytes in Small Volumes of Whole Blood

A rapid, specific assay was developed to measure the release of superoxide anion from stimulated phagocytic cells in small volumes of whole blood. The assay is based on the chemiluminescence that results when lucigenin (bis-N-methyl acridinium nitrate) is reduced by superoxide. Heparinized whole blood, at volumes from 0.2 mL to a single drop from a 20-gauge needle, was mixed with lucigenin and either a soluble or particulate stimulus (phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan particles, respectively) in a standard volume of 1 mL. The chemiluminescence was measured at 3-minute intervals for a 30-minute period in a luminometer capable of automated operation. Characteristic plots of chemiluminescence versus time were obtained. This assay is rapid and simple, obviates the need to isolate leukocytes from whole blood, is specific for superoxide, can be performed with both soluble and particulate stimuli, and is sensitive enough to detect characteristic responses with as little as a single drop of blood. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease were readily identified using this assay. The ability to use very small blood volumes makes the assay suitable for use in prenatal diagnosis. The main disadvantage of this assay compared to the often-employed slide nitroblue tetrazolium test, with respect to testing for chronic granulomatous disease, is that carriers of x-linked chronic granulomatous disease are not readily detected with this chemiluminescence assay, as they are with the nitroblue tetrazolium test.
Consumer Acceptance of Commercial Natural and/or Organic Processed Meats

Four commercial brands each of natural/organic bacon, hams and frankfurters were evaluated for color, pigment content, pH, lipid oxidation, residual nitrate and nitrite content and sensory panel assessments. One conventionally cured product of each type was analyzed for the same properties to provide a control for comparison with the organic/natural processed products. The results showed that some natural/organic processed meats are comparable to conventionally cured products but the variation of properties in this group of products was relatively greater than what is typically expected for cured meat products. This means that a better understanding and better processing control of the natural/organic processed meat products is necessary to provide consumers with products of consistent quality and safety.
Gender Bias in the Evaluation of Female Faculty at The Citadel: A Qualitative Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of gender bias in student ratings of female faculty at The Citadel. Four (Caucasian) female faculty members, one at each level of academic rank, and four (Caucasian) male cadets were interviewed to determine their views on bias in the instructional process, especially with regard to ratings of faculty by students. From the data we concluded that there is a contradiction between beliefs about gender bias and the actual presence of bias for both faculty and students. Women are subjected to a double standard, and in the military setting of The Citadel, nontenure track female faculty are doubly penalized. Faculty women believe gender bias is part of the institutional culture, and contrapower harassment in ratings of female faculty by male students is likely.
Secure, Resilient, and Safety Critical Architecture of Charging Stations for Unsupervised Autonomous Vehicles

The anticipated wide-spread deployment of unsupervised Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) across the globe will reshape the existing vehicle-related services (e.g., refueling/charging, parking, car washing, etc.) into new forms. Especially, a new paradigm of the refueling/charging mechanism can offer new economies and service opportunities. It has the potential to make a great impact on the current gasoline station industry given its enormous market size (e.g., annual sales more than $418 billion in 2016), as the AVs become mainstream modes of transportation. We propose a resilient and secure layered architecture of completely automated charging/refueling stations for unsupervised AVs. To demonstrate the feasibility of the architecture, we develop an analytical framework using a bottom-up approach. Then, we demonstrate the operation of a charging station as an essential component of the proposed architecture. The main goal of charging station's operation is to optimize scheduling of electric vehicles for their charging service. A divide-and-conquer strategy is employed for such scheduling optimization at the operational level real-time decision-making. In this optimization, the objective function is to minimize the sum of charging completion times of all vehicles in the queue. A mixed-integer linear programming model is considered to solve this online optimal scheduling procedure. An illustrative example of the scheduling solution that is obtained by a Matlab code combined with the Gurobi optimization solver is presented.
Takayasu's Arteritis

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic vasculitis of unknown etiology that typically oc- curs in women. It affects the aorta and its main branches, leading to either arterial stenoses or aneurysms. Here we report a case of a 42-year-old woman presenting with loss of peripheral vision in her left eye. On ultrasound imaging, she had distinctive fi ndings of Takayasu's arteritis with marked circumferential thickening of the intimal-medial layer in the left common carotid artery and characteristic sparing of the carotid bulb and internal carotid artery. The diagnosis was further supported by computed topography fi ndings of aneurysms in the subclavian artery and aorta. Awareness of these ultrasound fi ndings may be of particular importance to many echocar- diographers who are extending their practice into vascular imaging.
The conversion of 4-oxa-5-hexenyllithiums to 4-alken-1-ols: a novel [1,4]-wittig rearrangement

Abstract 4-Oxa-5-hexenyllithiums (2), which may be prepared from the corresponding 3-iodoalkyl vinyl ethers (1) by low-temperature lithium - iodine exchange, rearrange in high yield to 4-alken-1-ols (4) when warmed to room temperature. This transformation, which constitutes a [1,4]-Wittig rearrangement, is mediated by 5-exo-trig closure of 2 to a (2-tetrahydrofuranyl)methyllithium (3) followed by spontaneous ring opening to give 4.
Impact of Age on Patients’ Communication and Technology Preferences in the Era of Meaningful Use: Mixed Methods Study

Background: Identifying effective means of communication between patients and their health care providers has a positive impact on patients’ satisfaction, adherence, and health-related outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to identify the impact of patients’ age on their communication and technology preferences when managing their health. We hypothesize that a patient’s age affects their communication and technology preferences when interacting with clinicians and managing their health. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted to identify the preferences of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results were analyzed based on the patients’ age. Grounded theory was used to analyze the qualitative data. Patients were recruited based on age, gender, ethnicity, and zip code. Results: A total of 104 patients were recruited: 34 young adults (19-39 years), 33 middle aged (40-64), and 37 senior citizens (>65). Young adults (mean 8.29, SD 1.66) reported higher computer self-efficacy than middle-aged participants (mean 5.56, SD 3.43; P<.05) and senior citizens (mean 47.55, SD 31.23; P<.05). Qualitative analysis identified the following three themes: (1) patient engagement (young adults favored mobile technologies and text messaging, middle-aged patients preferred phone calls, and senior citizens preferred direct interactions with the health care provider); (2) patient safety (young adults preferred electronic after-visit summaries [AVS] and medication reconciliation over the internet; middle-aged patients preferred paper-based or emailed AVS and medication reconciliation in person; senior citizens preferred paper-based summaries and in-person medication reconciliation); (3) technology (young adults preferred smartphones and middle-aged patients and senior citizens preferred tablets or PCs). Middle-aged patients were more concerned about computer security than any other group. A unique finding among senior citizens was the desire for caregivers to have access to their personal health record (PHR). Conclusions: Patients of different ages have different communication and technology preferences and different preferences with respect to how they would like information presented to them and how they wish to interact with their provider. The PHR is one approach to improving patient engagement, but nontechnological options need to be sustained to support all patients.
Detecting lane change maneuvers using SHRP2 naturalistic driving data: A comparative study machine learning techniques.

Abstract Lane change has been recognized as a challenging driving maneuver and a significant component of traffic safety research. Developing a real-time continuous lane change detection system can assist drivers to perform and deal with complex driving tasks or provide assistance when it is needed the most. This study proposed trajectory-level lane change detection models based on features from vehicle kinematics, machine vision, roadway characteristics, and driver demographics under different weather conditions. To develop the models, the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) and Roadway Information Database (RID) datasets were utilized. Initially, descriptive statistics were utilized to investigate the lane change behavior, which revealed significant differences among different weather conditions for most of the parameters. Six data fusion categories were introduced for the first time, considering different data availability. In order to select relevant features in each category, Boruta, a wrapper-based algorithm was employed. The lane change detection models were trained, validated, and comparatively evaluated using four Machine Learning algorithms including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and eXtrem Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The results revealed that the highest overall detection accuracy was found to be 95.9 % using the XGBoost model when all the features were included in the model. Moreover, the highest overall detection accuracy of 81.9 % using the RF model was achieved considering only vehicle kinematics-based features, indicating that the proposed model could be utilized when other data are not available. Furthermore, the analysis of the impact of weather conditions on lane change detection suggested that incorporating weather could improve the accuracy of lane change detection. In addition, the analysis of early lane change detection indicated that the proposed algorithm could predict the lane changes within 5 s before the vehicles cross the lane line. The developed detection models could be used to monitor and control driver behavior in a Cooperative Automated Vehicle environment.
Beyond the Limits of Theory: Qualifying Electoral Authoritarianism in Ethiopia (2005–2015)

Democratic transitions and consolidation stalled in many parts of Africa in the past three decades. Ethiopia followed a similar pattern of democratic recession, after promising openings at two impo...
Abstract IA12: Coordination of mRNA processing, translation, and metabolism by mTORC1

The mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)–S6 protein kinase (S6K1) signaling pathway has evolved to sense and respond to changes in growth factor and hormone-dependent signaling, cellular energy status, nutrient availability, and surrounding oxygen concentrations. A major mechanism through which mTOR regulates downstream processes is via the coordinated regulation of gene expression, mRNA biogenesis, protein synthesis, and protein degradation. I will discuss our studies linking mTORC1/S6K1 to mRNA processing, metabolism, and cancer progression. Citation Format: John Blenis, Gina Lee, Sungyun Cho, Yuxiang Zheng, Cholsoon Jang, Lew Cantley, Joshua Rabinowitz, Noah Dephoure. Coordination of mRNA processing, translation, and metabolism by mTORC1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Survival and Mortality Sources in a Recovering Population of Bobcats (Lynx rufus) in South-central Indiana

Bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations have increased in the midwestern U.S. since the 1980s after substantial declines and local extirpations into the mid-1900s. We monitored 38 radio-collared bobcats (25 males, 13 females) from 1998 to 2006 in a recovering population in south-central Indiana to investigate survival and mortality causes. Annual survival was high (Ŝ = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.71–0.89), comparable to results from other studies of bobcats in unexploited populations and higher than in harvested populations. Of 17 known deaths, vehicle collisions were the largest source of mortality (n = 9; 53%), followed by illegal shootings (n = 3; 18%). Higher values of habitat heterogeneity within home ranges were associated with lower risk of mortality. Estimates of survival and mortality sources in recovering populations provide an important context to compare management strategies to improve bobcat conservation.
Engineering wavefront caustics trajectories in PT-symmetric lattices

We utilize caustic theory in PT-symmetric lattices to design focusing and curved beam dynamics. We show that the gain and loss parameter in these systems provides an additional degree of freedom that allows for the design of the same caustics trajectories with different intensity distribution in the individual waveguides. Moreover we can create aberration-free focal points at any paraxial distance zf, with anomalously large focal intensity.
Coupled crack propagation and dendrite growth in solid electrolyte of all-solid-state battery

Abstract Lithium metal all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising candidates for future lithium batteries thanks to their high safety performance and energy density. However, Li dendrite growth and interfacial failure are the two fatal issues deteriorating the cyclability that hinders the wide commercialization of ASSBs. To further understand the underlying mechanisms, a coupled electrochemical-mechanical phase-field model for grain crack propagation and lithium dendrite growth is proposed from the energy conservation perspective in this study. We discover that longer defect with sharp edge and angle ( θ ≥ 45 ° ) causes more severe crack propagation and leads to larger dendrite growth area due to the increased strain energy density. We observe that the initial defect within grain plays an irrelevant role in the dendrite growth within the grain boundary. Stacking pressure greater than 10 MPa significantly speeds up crack propagation as well as dendrite growth due to the nontrivial mechanical driving force. Mechanical stress-induced strain-energy would contribute to more than 15% of the total dendrite growth once the stacking pressure exceeds 20 MPa, while it is trivial if the stacking pressure is below 10 MPa. Large enough fracture threshold strain can prevent the crack propagation. Results provide a fundamental tool for the design and evaluation of ASSB safety and cyclability from a more comprehensive perspective and clear the barrier for the development of next-generation ASSBs.
The positive externalities of migrant-based TB control strategy in a Chinese urban population with internal migration: a transmission-dynamic modeling study

Large-scale rural-to-urban migration has changed the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in large Chinese cities. We estimated the contribution of TB importation, reactivation of latent infection, and local transmission to new TB cases in Shanghai, and compared the potential impact of intervention options. We developed a transmission dynamic model of TB for Songjiang District, Shanghai, which has experienced high migration over the past 25 years. We calibrated the model to local demographic data, TB notifications, and molecular epidemiologic studies. We estimated epidemiological drivers as well as future outcomes of current TB policies and compared this base-case scenario with scenarios describing additional targeted interventions focusing on migrants or vulnerable residents. The model captured key demographic and epidemiological features of TB among migrant and resident populations in Songjiang District, Shanghai. Between 2020 and 2035, we estimate that over 60% of TB cases will occur among migrants and that approximately 43% of these cases will result from recent infection. While TB incidence will decline under current policies, we estimate that additional interventions—including active screening and preventive treatment for migrants—could reduce TB incidence by an additional 20% by 2035. Migrant-focused TB interventions could produce meaningful health benefits for migrants, as well as for young residents who receive indirect protection as a result of reduced TB transmission in Shanghai. Further studies to measure cost-effectiveness are needed to evaluate the feasibility of these interventions in Shanghai and similar urban centers experiencing high migration volumes.
Edinburgh accountants in public practice pre-collective organisation: 1757–1834

This study is intended to increase knowledge and improve understanding of early public accountancy professionalisation in Scotland by applying the prosopographical research method to a community of...
Accept or Address? Researchers’ Perspectives on Response Bias in Accessibility Research

Response bias has been framed as the tendency of a participant's response to be skewed by a variety of factors, including study design and participant-researcher dynamics. Response bias is a concern for all researchers who conduct studies with people — especially those working with participants with disabilities. This is because these participants’ diverse needs require methodological adjustments and differences in disability identity between the researcher and participant influence power dynamics. Despite its relevance, there is little literature that connects response bias to accessibility. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 accessibility researchers on how response bias manifested in their research and how they mitigated it. We present unique instances of response bias and how it is handled in accessibility research; insights into how response bias interacts with other biases like researcher or sampling bias; and philosophies and tensions around response bias such as whether to accept or address it. We conclude with guidelines on thinking about response bias in accessibility research.
Advanced Control Theory

This chapter introduces advance topics in structural control theory. We re-explain certain theoretical topics in a more rigorous way to provide sufficient background for discussing some of the more recent control algorithms, based on performance measures that are different from the classical quadratic measure. Again, our intention is to provide an introduction to control theory for structural engineers so that they can, if they wish, pursue the topic in more depth. We also introduce nonlinear control theory. The design of nonlinear controllers is deemed more appropriate for establishing control rules for semi-active devices, since they inherently introduce nonlinearities in the system. This chapter concludes with three semi-active control examples, which are intended to illustrate how linear and nonlinear control rules for semi-active and hybrid structural control systems are implemented.
Radiative Corrections to π − e Decay

An attempt is made to understand the reason why the radiative corrections to The effects of -e decay calculated by Berman are so large. The question is also discussed as to whether the pion decay agrees with the recently conjectured ''theorem'' that the radiative correction to the total probability of a decay process is finite in the limit where the mass of the secondary electron is assumed to be arbitrarily small, although corrections to partial probabilities may be divergent in such a limit. (W.D.M.)
24 Seismological methods of monitoring compliance with the comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty

This chapter presents general background on test ban monitoring and describes relevant specialized aspects of seismology. It reviews the procedures developed by the International Monitoring System (IMS) established by the treaty. One of the difficulties in treating monitoring is making the trade-off between simple methods of analysis that are robust, objective, unchanging and those sophisticated methods, which are demonstrably more effective but require a greater degree of expert judgment. The existence of practical and specialized experience of monitoring nuclear weapons tests and seismological resources generating potentially useful data fundamentally enhances Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) monitoring capability. The CTBT is essentially subjected to three types of monitoring—namely, that carried out directly by the IDC using data contributed by the IMS, that carried out by National Technical Means (NTM), and that carried out by numerous private or national organizations—each acquiring and analyzing data of some relevance to CTBT monitoring.
Regime Effects of EU Market Integration Policies on the UK Financial Sector

Standard equity capital market methods are used to estimate the share price effects in the UK market of the recent change in regime implied by passage of key provisions implementing the European single banking market. Empirical results indicate that events associated with increasing the likelihood of passage of the new Merger Control Regulation and the Second Banking Directive had positive valuation effects for the portfolio of UK firms involved in banking services.
Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines

Alloy 22 is a nickel base alloy highly resistant to all forms of corrosion. In conditions where tight crevices exist in hot chloride containing solutions and at anodic potentials, Alloy 22 may suffer crevice corrosion, a form of localized attack. The occurrence (or not) of crevice corrosion in a given environment (e.g. salt concentration and temperature), is governed by the values of the critical potential (E{sub crit}) for crevice corrosion and the corrosion potential (E{sub corr}) that the alloy may establish in the studied environment. If E{sub corr} is equal or higher than E{sub crit}, crevice corrosion may be expected. In addition, it is generally accepted that as Alloy 22 becomes passive in a certain environment, its E{sub corr} increases and its corrosion rate (CR) decreases. This paper discusses the evolution of E{sub corr} and corrosion rate (CR) of creviced Alloy 22 specimens in six different mixtures of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium nitrate (KNO{sub 3}) at 100 C. The effect of immersion time on the value of E{sub crit} was also determined. Two types of specimens were used, polished as-welded (ASW) and as-welded plus solution heat-treated (ASW+SHT). The latter contained the black annealing oxide film on the surface. Resultsmore » show that, as the immersion time increases, E{sub corr} increased and the CR decreased. Even for highly concentrated brine solutions at 100 C the CR was < 30 nm/year after more than 250 days immersion. Some of the exposed specimens (mainly the SHT specimens) suffered crevice corrosion at the open circuit potential in the naturally aerated brines. Immersion times of over 250 days did not reduce the resistance of Alloy 22 to localized corrosion.« less
Renovascular hypertension. Secondary to traumatic occlusion of supplemental renal artery.

Abstract A case is reported of documented renovascular hypertension due to traumatic occlusion of the main renal artery in a double renal artery system. Emphasis is placed on the value of the oblique renal arteriogram in assessing the segmental vasculature prior to surgical intervention. Oblique arteriography may also aid in the preoperative evaluation of patients with segmental renal ischemia due to other causes.
Observation of Ice Crystal Formation in Lower Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract Clear sky ice crystals or diamond dust displays are observed in polar regions, both remote and populated; when the temperature falls to −20°C and where abundant sources of water vapor are present. In remote areas of the Arctic, these ice crystals are confined to the lowest 1000 m, leeward of open leads in the sea ice. The crystals always occur in air between ice and water saturation, and air dryer than ice saturation normally overlies the display. In populated regions, water vapor is supplied from man-made sources such as heating plants. Morphological studies of these ice crystals suggest that they are formed first by condensation into water droplets and then by freezing.
Simultaneous laser-induced emission of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within a gas-jet diffusion flame

Abstract Simultaneous images of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and laser-induced incandescence (LH) visualization of soot concentrations are presented for laminar gas-jet diffusion flames. Spatially integrated measurements reveal similar spectral emission for LIF and LII, but vastly different time scales associated with radiative decay. Comparison of spatially resolved images using either 266-nm or 1064-nm excitation light reveals distinct regions of molecular fluorescence and soot incandescence. Consideration of photophysical properties of PAHs suggests that the fluorescence wavelength distribution is dependent on the size of the PAH. Using different detection spectral bands, spatially resolved regions attributed to different-sized PAHs are presented. The spatial distribution of PAH size is consistent with the putative growth mechanisms of PAHs. In the region between the LIF due to PAHs and LII due to soot, a dark zone is observed that is attributed to the presence of soot precursor particles. Current understanding of soot formation indicates that through both physical and/or chemical condensation, large PAHs react first to form soot precursor particles prior to the formation of soot particles. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of thermophoretically collected material from within this dark region confirmed the presence of soot precursor particles 2 to 5 nm in diameter.
Effects of Preexisting Beliefs and Repeated Readings on Belief Change, Comprehension, and Recall of Persuasive Text

Abstract This experiment examined how people′s preexisting beliefs about AIDS transmission interacted with repeated reading of a persuasive text to influence the nature of information encoded from text, the amount and type of information recalled, and self-reported belief change. Following assessment of 61 undergraduates′ beliefs about AIDS transmission, all subjects read a text that presented several explanations concerning why AIDS cannot be transmitted through casual contact or mosquitos. Twenty-seven subjects read the text once; 34 subjects read the text twice, under spaced conditions. One week after their last contact with the text, subjects completed measures of text comprehension, recall, and beliefs about AIDS transmission. Results indicated that preexisting beliefs influenced retrieval processes, but not encoding processes. In addition, results replicated previous findings that a persuasive text can produce belief change. Surprisingly, the number of times the text was read did not influence performance on any of the dependent variables.
Local plasma membrane permeabilization of living cells by nanosecond electric pulses using atomic force microscopy

Numerous studies provide evidence that nanosecond electric pulses (nsEPs) can trigger the formation of nanopores in the plasma membranes of cells. However, the biophysical mechanism responsible for nanopore formation is not well understood. In this study, we hypothesize that membrane damage induced by nsEPs is primarily dependent on the local molecular composition and mechanical strength of the plasma membrane. To test this hypothesis, we positioned metal-coated, nanoscale cantilever tips using an atomic force microscope (AFM) to deliver nsEPs to localized areas on the surface of the plasma membrane. We conducted computational modeling simulations to verify that the electric field provided by the nsEP is concentrated between the tip and the plasma membrane. The results show that we could effectively deliver nsEPs using the AFM tips at very low voltages. Using scanning electron microscopy we analyzed the tips after applying 10V over 5 seconds duration and found no damage to the tip or loss of platinum coating. As a proof of concept, we applied a 1 and 10V, 5 second pulse to HeLa cells causing large morphological changes. We also applied both a mechanical indention and 600ns electrical pulse stimulus and measured positive propidium ion uptake into the cytoplasm suggesting formation of membrane pores. In future studies, we plan to elucidate the effect that specific, local molecular structures and compositions have on efficacy of electroporation using the newly constructed nano-electrode system.
A set of questions for a concept inventory for a DC Circuits course

The first Electric Circuits course is a core component of all engineering undergraduate curricula that include not only Electrical but other engineering disciplines such as Computer, Mechanical and Civil Engineering programs worldwide. The Electric Circuits Concept Inventory (ECCI) is a set of multiple choice questions that measures students' understanding of DC Circuit analysis. The topics include (i) fundamental conceptual circuit topics (ii) Circuit laws and (iii) Circuit analysis techniques. In a companion paper [1], we presented a rationale for ECCI. In this paper, we present a set of multiple-choice questions suggested for inclusion in the ECCI focusing on (ii) DC Circuit laws and (iii) DC Circuit analysis techniques. We examine the various concepts tested in each question and relate its importance to a quality overall course in Electric Circuits. We welcome more additions to this growing repertoire of questions that we plan to build and use in finalizing the ECCI test especially in AC Circuit analysis topics.
The ability of color defectives to judge signal lights at sea

Measures were made of the ability of color-defective men to judge correctly the colors of navigation lights (red, green, or white) presented to them at night under realistic sea conditions. Eighty-one color-defective men were employed; they were categorized as to type and degree of defect using a battery of five color-vision tests. While the average performance of the color-defective men was considerably poorer than that of 24 color normals, there were large individual differences within each category of defect. Attempts to account for these differences in performance by variations in acuity, intelligence, and motivation failed. The extent to which the data can be accounted for by modern color-vision theory is discussed.
Decadal and pentadal distributions of hydrographic stations at 1000m depth for the world ocean

Abstract Global distributions of hydrographic stations at 1000m depth in the world ocean are presented by decades for the period 1900–1949 and pentads for the period 1950–1974. Distributions for individual years 1965–1967 are also presented. The distributions indicate regions that may contain enough data to be suitable for studies of interpentadal and interdecadal variability.
Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Chloramphenicol-treated Shigella

CHLORAMPHENICOL markedly inhibits protein synthesis by bacteria. The organisms, however, continue to produce ribonucleic acid (RNA) at an unaltered rate or at one higher than that of cells not under the influence of the drug1,2. Several groups of investigators have examined extracts of chloramphenicol-treated Escherichia coli to determine the cellular fraction in which the newly formed RNA was located. Pardee et al.3 concluded from their findings that the RNA was either of a low molecular weight or was easily degraded during extraction from the cells. The latter explanation appears likely since the authors did not extract the RNA with a medium containing magnesium ions to minimize the breakdown of ribosomal particles. Using such a medium, Dagley and Sykes4 and Nomura and Watson5 detected the appearance of a new ribosomal component in the extracts of treated cells. The latter investigators also noted that soluble or low-molecular-weight RNA continued to be synthesized in the presence of the antibiotic.
Using AMR data for load estimation for distribution system analysis

With the development of distribution automation (DA) and other advanced applications in distribution systems, the real-time monitoring and control of distribution systems becomes possible. Now there are only a limited number of real-time measurements on the distribution systems. The load monitoring and estimation of customers can be an important source of information used by the distribution analysis applications. In recent years, an increasing number of automated meter reading (AMR) systems have been installed. AMR can provide customer consumption information and other data such as confirmations for outages and restoration. In this paper, a load estimation algorithm is discussed. The proposed algorithm makes use of the above information that AMR provides as its input. It also incorporates time series forecasting method and the use of the customer load curves to improve the accuracy of individual customer real-time load estimates. This method with the use of AMR data has excellent load estimation results. This method demonstrates how AMR data can be used for other functions besides billing.