cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A review of strategies for finding health information on the World-Wide Web.

Abstract Before 1993, the World-Wide Web (WWW) existed as a small but growing resource on the Internet. Initially, the WWW grew from the needs of researchers to exchange electronic data files, documents, and images without continually having to change their formats. Since that time, the WWW has become an international common ground not only for researchers wanting to share files, but for health professionals, corporations, and information specialists to display and promote their services, opinions, and products. Health sciences librarians increasingly tap into these resources to assist library users. In fact, at the time of writing, the WWW is probably the most heavily relied upon electronic resource (excluding traditional electronic databases) by librarians with Internet access. One of the challenges, however, of tapping into the WWW is its disorganization and lack of publication standards. Librarians as well as other users continually face this challenge when keeping up to date on a topic or finding new...
The Heterogeneous Effect of the Passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act on Stock Returns

I analyze how stock prices reacted to the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970. Previous studies focus on accounting measures or actual OSHA violations, and my work complements the literature by examining how shareholders expected OSHA to affect firm profitability. Returns fell around the OSH bill’s release to the House floor and its eventual passage, and average market value dropped by $1.5 million over the 3 days surrounding House Rules Committee release. Durable manufacturing and mining industries were hardest hit in OSH passage, losing $2.6 million and $5.7 million in average market value, respectively. I also find that larger firms with poorer working conditions sustained more negative returns, and market power, not union density, explains variation in expected profitability. Furthermore, future penalties appear unrelated to shareholder expectations about compliance costs.
Laryngeal diversion in the treatment of intractable aspiration in motor neuron disease

Abstract Motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MNDALS) often causes bulbar palsy with subsequent aspiration. Laryngeal diversion procedures are not commonly mentioned in the literature. However, they are viable but infrequently used surgical treatment options that have several advantages over a routine tracheostomy. We report a case of a 67-year-old man with MNDALS and severe aspiration. He underwent a laryngeal diversion procedure with complete relief of signs and symptoms of aspiration. Laryngeal diversion, unlike tracheostomy, completely eliminates the possibility of aspiration as well as the need for suctioning. The primary disadvantage is complete loss of phonation. These procedures appear worthy of trial in patients with MNDALS, and may ultimately be the preferred treatment in this setting.
The Valuation of Large Blocks of Shares in an Emerging Market

Using data from the Bulgarian mass privatization auctions, we analyze the bids submitted by institutional investors for shares in newly privatized firms. The results support the hypothesis that there are private benefits of control that accrue to large blockholders. Institutions with ex ante better ability to monitor and generate higher cash flows for all investors bid less aggressively. Our overall analysis of the determinants of bid prices submitted by institutions shows that, in an economy where small investors have very limited ways to enforce their property rights, institutions primarily take into account the private benefits of control when they evaluate stock holdings.
Coding and Variable Formation for Definitions of War, Torture, and Terrorism

On various versions of the Personal and Institutional Perspectives on Governmental Aggression and Peace Survey (PAIRTAPS), participants were asked to provide definitions for the following terms: war, torture, terrorism, peace, and reconciliation. Definitions of war, torture, and terrorism were analyzed for this volume; definitions of peace and reconciliation were analyzed for a second volume. In this chapter, we describe the coding manual and procedures for coding definitions of war, torture, and terrorism, as well as for the creation of variables from the coded qualitative responses.
Alpine Treelines: Functional Ecology of the Global High Elevation Tree Limits

Christian Korner has been at the forefront of research investigating treelines, and in the late 1990s and early 2000s he proposed a unifying theory to explain the global occurrence of this highelev...
Climate Contradictions: Anarchist Theory and Practice in Response to the Climate Crisis

The impending climate crisis is one of the most important contemporary political and ecological issues. At the fore of activism against carbon infrastructure, expanding road development, 'false solution' energy programs, and corporate green washing are eco-anarchist activists. These activists have taken the anarchist spirit of direct action, decentralizated and local organizing, and a non-compromise attitude to the climate justice movement- shifting the nature of the debate and successfully stopping some potential hazardous programs. Even though anarchist activists have been influential in the climate justice movement, there are some difficult contradictions between anarchist visions and goals and currently climate change proposals- from cap and trade and carbon taxes, the massive government energy projects. This paper is an attempt to highlight and address the contradictions between anarchist visions and climate justice goals in an attempt to promote a non-statist, egalitarian, ground-up, solution to the climate crisis.
Distributed Graph Snapshot Placement and Query Performance in a Data Center Environment

Most real-world networks (including financial, health, transportation, social, citation, and sensor networks) evolve over time. Their evolution can be modeled as a series of graph snapshots that represent those networks at different points in time. Our distributed dynamic graph database, G*, provided efficient cluster-based storage and querying of graph snapshots by taking advantage of their commonalities. With the modern Internet of Things, however, the environment of continuously generated graph snapshots imbues classic challenges of data distribution with renewed significance. In response to this, we have extended G* to address these new challenges. In this paper we examine two snapshot placement schemes and their effects on query performance in a cloud / data center environment.
Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption and Density Functional Theory Study of Dihydroxybenzene Isomer Adsorption on Silver Nanostructures

A combination of surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) and density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the adsorption of the dihydroxybenzene (DH) isomers on silver nanostructures (SNS...
Why are there so many orchid species

At the present time we have cataloged 3,784 species of orchid naturally occurring in Ecuador, the smallest country in Andean South America. When one considers the size of the country of Ecuador, in comparison with that of Brazil or Colombia, the total numbers seem to express an error on the part of the counter.
Identifying and Measuring Project Complexity

Abstract This study provides a constructive approach to identify and assess project complexity as a separate factor influencing projects. Project complexity was described in terms of managing projects rather than project physical features to ensure the research results can be generalized across different industries. The complexity attributes and indicators deemed to measure those associated attributes were developed. The data collected through a survey was analyzed using statistical methods to test the significance of complexity indicators in differentiating low complexity projects from high complexity projects. The data analysis resulted in 37 complexity indicators associated with 23 attributes statistically significant to project complexity. The research findings help scholars and practitioners in the project management field in developing an appropriate strategy to manage project complexity effectively.
Lymphocyte integrin expression differences between SIRS and sepsis patients

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis remain leading causes of death. Despite many similarities, the two entities are very distinct clinically and immunologically. T-Lymphocytes play a key pivotal role in the pathogenesis and ultimately outcome following both SIRS and sepsis. Integrins are essential in the trafficking and migration of lymphocytes. They also serve vital roles in efficient wound healing and clearance of infections. Here, we investigate whether integrin expression, specifically β1 (CD29) and β2 (CD18), are disrupted in SIRS and sepsis, and assess differences in integrin expression between these two critically ill clinical categories. T-Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood collected from ICU patients exhibiting SIRS or sepsis. Samples were analyzed for CD18 (β2) and CD29 (β1) on CD3+ T cells through flow cytometry. Septic patients were stratified into either exclusively abdominal or non-abdominal sources of sepsis. CD18 was almost ubiquitously expressed on CD3+ T cells irrespective of clinical condition. However, CD29 (β1 integrin) was lowest in SIRS patients (20.4% of CD3+ T cells) when compared with either septic patients (35.5%) or healthy volunteers (54.1%). Furthermore, there was evidence of compartmentalization in septic patients, where abdominal sources had a greater percentage of CD3+CD29+ T cells (41.7%) when compared with those with non-abdominal sources (29.5%). Distinct differences in T-cell integrin expression exists between patients in SIRS versus sepsis, as well as relative to the source of sepsis. Further work is needed to understand cause and effect relative to the progression from SIRS into sepsis.
Clinicopathologic factors associated with involved margins following breast conserving surgery for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)

e11528 Background: ILC is characterized by a diffusely infiltrative growth pattern making it difficult to accurately assess disease extent prior to surgical resection. This has resulted in difficul...
Acetylene Fuels TCE Reductive Dechlorination by Defined Dehalococcoides/Pelobacter Consortia.

Acetylene (C2H2) can be generated in contaminated groundwater sites as a consequence of chemical degradation of trichloroethene (TCE) by in situ minerals, and C2H2 is known to inhibit bacterial dechlorination. In this study, we show that while high C2H2 (1.3 mM) concentrations reversibly inhibit reductive dechlorination of TCE by Dehalococcoides mccartyi isolates as well as enrichment cultures containing D. mccartyi sp., low C2H2 (0.4 mM) concentrations do not inhibit growth or metabolism of D. mccartyi. Cocultures of Pelobacter SFB93, a C2H2-fermenting bacterium, with D. mccartyi strain 195 or with D. mccartyi strain BAV1 were actively sustained by providing acetylene as the electron donor and carbon source while TCE or cis-DCE served as the electron acceptor. Inhibition by acetylene of reductive dechlorination and methanogenesis in the enrichment culture ANAS was observed, and the inhibition was removed by adding Pelobacter SFB93 into the consortium. Transcriptomic analysis of D. mccartyi strain 195 sho...
Managing technology in financial innovation

The topic of managing technology had traditionally focused upon the manufacturing industries; but the service industries grew to become a major sector of industry and commerce. We examine how to manage technology in the financial commercial sector. What is innovation in the financial sector? How does innovation occur in the financial sector? What are the criteria of technology safety in financial innovations? Why did financial innovation contribute to financial instabilities, such as the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–08? Why had governmental agencies failed to properly regulate the financial sector for safety? How did U.S. government financial agencies handle that financial crisis to result in a major recession rather than a second Great Depression? This paper is a cross-disciplinary study between MOT and economics.
Characterizing the robustness and susceptibility of steady-state dynamics in post-buckled structures to stochastic perturbations

Abstract Recent reports exemplify both the potential and the concerns encountered in implementing post-buckled structures in diverse applications. By numerical and experimental methods, characterizations have provided useful insights on the dynamic sensitivities of such bi- or multistable structures subjected to either harmonic or stochastic excitations. Yet, the more realistic scenario of combined harmonic and stochastic loading has been not been closely examined so that such sensitivities might be fully illuminated. To provide a more complete understanding on the robustness and susceptibility of multistable structures to dynamic state transitions, this research establishes new analytical and experimental methods to quantify the likelihood of triggering transitions among dynamic regimes of an archetypal post-buckled structure as a result of combined harmonic and stochastic loading. It is discovered that persistent periodic snap-through dynamics are rapidly disabled by additional noise excitation when the harmonic excitation contribution occurs at frequencies close to the linearized resonance. The extra noise may also drastically compromise the integrity of small-amplitude periodic responses that occur at frequencies around one-half of the linearized resonance. Particular relative proportions of the noise standard deviation and harmonic excitation amplitude are uncovered that most readily compromise the robustness of a given steady-state dynamic regime. The analytical method also complements prior developments focused on stochastic resonance by uncovering the broader perspective of dynamic sensitivities of post-buckled structures under arbitrary combinations of harmonic and random driving loads.
Abstract P138: Bare-Metal and Drug-Eluting Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Stent Procedures: Utilization in the United States

Purpose: To evaluate the use of bare-metal (BM) and drug-eluting (DE) stents (coronary and peripheral) in the U.S. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify BM or DE stent...
Opportunistic Environmental Sensing with Smartphones: a Critical Review of Current Literature and Applications.

This review sought to summarize recent literature and applications of passive, or opportunistic, mobile sensing in the fields of exposure science in built environment settings; highlight innovative opportunistic sensing systems; and analyze their functionality, significant features, and limitations. Fifty-two papers related to opportunistic environmental sensing from 2009 or later were related to this review, of which 27 were included. An array of applications have emerged in environmental monitoring, employing anywhere from one to six of the phone’s on-board sensors. The viability of an application is determined by several key factors: the number and quality of sensors on-board the smartphone; power and processing demand; algorithm complexity; data security; mobile network coverage; reliance on external data sources; minimum number of users required; and degree of user burden when using the application. Some factors are universal, while others are more context-specific. Future research should assess sensing applications based on these factors.
Traction-assisted Internal Negative Pressure Wound Therapy With Bridging Retention Sutures to Facilitate Staged Closure of High-risk Wounds Under Tension.

Background/objective Loss of domain often complicates attempts at delayed wound closure in regions of high tension. Wound temporization with traction-assisted internal negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), using bridging retention sutures, can minimize the effects of edema and elastic recoil that contribute to progressive tissue retraction over time. The investigators evaluated the safety and efficacy of this technique for complex wound closure. Materials and methods Between May 2015 and November 2015, 18 consecutive patients underwent staged reconstruction of complex and/or contaminated soft tissue defects utilizing either conventional NPWT or modified NPWT with instillation and continuous dermatotraction via bridging retention sutures. Instillation of antimicrobial solution was reserved for wounds containing infected/exposed hardware or prosthetic devices. Demographic data, wound characteristics, reconstructive outcomes, and complications were reviewed retrospectively. Results Eighteen wounds were treated with traction-assisted internal NPWT using the conventional (n = 11) or modified instillation (n = 7) technique. Defects involved the lower extremity (n = 14), trunk (n = 3), and proximal upper extremity (n = 1), with positive cultures identified in 12 wounds (67%). Therapy continued for 3 to 8 days (mean, 4.3 days), resulting in an average wound surface area reduction of 78% (149 cm² vs. 33 cm²) at definitive closure. Seventeen wounds (94%) were closed directly, whereas the remaining defect required coverage with a local muscle flap and skin graft. At final follow-up (mean, 12 months), 89% of wounds remained closed. In 2 patients with delayed, recurrent periprosthetic infection (mean, 7.5 weeks), serial debridement/hardware removal mandated free tissue transfer for composite defect reconstruction. Conclusion Traction-assisted internal NPWT provides a safe and effective alternative to reduce wound burden and facilitate definitive closure in cases where delayed reconstruction of high-tension wounds is planned.
Challenges and solutions for high-volume testing of silicon photonics

The first generation of silicon photonic products is now commercially available. While silicon photonics possesses key economic advantages over classical photonic platforms, it has yet to become a commercial success because these advantages can be fully realized only when high-volume testing of silicon photonic devices is made possible. We discuss the costs, challenges, and solutions of photonic chip testing as reported in the recent research literature. We define and propose three underlying paradigms that should be considered when creating photonic test structures: Design for Fast Coupling, Design for Minimal Taps, and Design for Parallel Testing. We underline that a coherent test methodology must be established prior to the design of test structures, and demonstrate how an optimized methodology dramatically reduces the burden when designing for test, by reducing the needed complexity of test structures.
Do We See Eye to Eye? Moderators of Correspondence Between Student and Faculty Evaluations of Day-to-Day Teaching:

Students and instructors show moderate levels of agreement about the quality of day-to-day teaching. In the present study, we replicated and extended this finding by asking how correspondence betwe...
Algorithms on Strings, Trees, and Sequences: Linear-Time Construction of Suffix Trees

We will present two methods for constructing suffix trees in detail, Ukkonen's method and Weiner's method. Weiner was the first to show that suffix trees can be built in linear time, and his method is presented both for its historical importance and for some different technical ideas that it contains. However, Ukkonen's method is equally fast and uses far less space (i.e., memory) in practice than Weiner's method. Hence Ukkonen is the method of choice for most problems requiring the construction of a suffix tree. We also believe that Ukkonen's method is easier to understand. Therefore, it will be presented first. A reader who wishes to study only one method is advised to concentrate on it. However, our development of Weiner's method does not depend on understanding Ukkonen's algorithm, and the two algorithms can be read independently (with one small shared section noted in the description of Weiner's method). Ukkonen's linear-time suffix tree algorithm Esko Ukkonen [438] devised a linear-time algorithm for constructing a suffix tree that may be the conceptually easiest linear-time construction algorithm. This algorithm has a space-saving improvement over Weiner's algorithm (which was achieved first in the development of McCreight's algorithm), and it has a certain “on-line” property that may be useful in some situations. We will describe that on-line property but emphasize that the main virtue of Ukkonen's algorithm is the simplicity of its description, proof, and time analysis.
Demand and Challenges for Wafer-Level Chip-Scale Analog and Power Packaging

A review of recent advances in analog and power wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP) is presented based on the development and market demand in semiconductor industry. This chapter covers in more detail how advances in both the analog and power advanced wafer-level package fan-in/fan-out design and 3D integration have co-enabled significant advances in analog and power device capability during recent years. Extrapolating the same trends in representative areas for the remainder of the decade serves to highlight where further improvement in techniques of analog, power switches, and passives can drive continued enhancements in usability, efficiency, reliability, and overall cost of analog and power semiconductor solutions. Challenges of die shrinkage in both wafer-level analog and power semiconductor packaging in next-generation design are presented and discussed.
METABOLISM OF CRONETON (2-ETHYLTHIOMETHYLPHENYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE) IN LARGE ANIMALS

ABSTRACT. A lactating Holstein cow and a male Yorkshire pig treated with a single oral dose, 0.5 mg/kg, of ring [ 14 C] Croneton excreted 97.8% and 90.0% of the dose via the urine after 24 hr. Residues were not detected in swine tissues sampled 24 hr after treatment, and of the bovine tissues, only the kidney, liver and skin contained detectable radiocarbon (0.016, 0.017, and 0.05 ppm 14 C-Croneton equivalents, respectively). Milk collected 6 hr after treatment contained 128 ppb [ 14 C] residues; 60% was as the free carbamate metabolites, Croneton sulfoxide and sulfone. White Leghorn hens given ring [ 14 C] Croneton as a single oral dose (0.5 mg/kg) or as daily treatments for 7 days (0.5 mg/kg twice daily at 12-hr intervals) exhibited patterns of excretion and metabolism similar to those observed in the cow and pig. Birds sacrificed 4 hr after the last of the daily doses contained [ 14 C] Croneton equivalents ranging from 0.019 ppm in the fat to 0.324 ppm in the kidney. By 24 hr, only the liver and kidney (0.044 and 0.022 ppm) contained residues in excess of 0.01 ppm, and these had declined to 0.01 ppm or less by 4 days. Residues in eggs were on the order of 0.03-0.04 ppm [ 14 C] Croneton equivalents after 2 days of treatment and reached a maximum of 0.06-0.07 ppm after 7 days. They declined rapidly when treatment was terminated and were below detectable levels after 3 days. About 75% of the radiocarbon in the eggs was as free phenol sulfoxide and sulfone, 10% as free Croneton sulfoxide and Croneton sulfone, 5% as water-soluble metabolites and 5% as unextracted residues. The remaining 5% was unknown metabolites in the organoextractable fraction .
Gangliogliomas of the Spinal Cord: Neuroimaging Correlations with Pathology, Controversies in Pathological Diagnosis, and Prognosis

Gangliogliomas of the spinal cord are not, in general, different from those in the brain, but there are special problems in their neuroradiological and pathological diagnosis. While often stated to be quite rare, the available literature suggests that these are from 10% to 25% of all intramedullary spinal cord neoplasms in children, and are less frequently found in adults. Their neuropathological diagnosis is highly dependent on adequate biopsies or resections, most often accomplished at centers with pediatric neurosurgeons accustomed to aggressive approaches to intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Neuroradiologically these are intrinsic cord masses which are on average longer, in terms of spinal segments, than other intramedullary tumor types; many are “holocord” tumors. The tumors usually enhance even though most are low grade. The neuropathological diagnosis as in the brain depends on finding a tumor with cells that include both glial cells, generally astrocytic, and large neurons or ganglion cells. Proof that neuron-like cells in a tumor are tumor ganglion cells involves abnormal H&E appearances and immunohistochemical stains, of which the most important is that for synaptophysin. The problems and controversies of interpretation of synaptophysin immunostains in the spinal cord, in view of somewhat similar patterns of immunopositivity on anterior horn cells and tumor ganglion cells, is illustrated and discussed. Other helpful techniques include stains for myelin and for axons. These are low grade tumors with a favorable oncologic prognosis if successfully gross totally excised.
Written Speech: A Barrier to Knowledge Building in Blended Learning Teacher Professional Development

Data collected within this qualitative, multiple-case study included teachers' knowledge building preferences for written speech in a virtual community of practice (VCoP), blended learning, teacher professional development program. This data was analyzed using the theoretical tenets of Vygotsky's social constructivist learning theory. Through heterogeneous sampling, six sites were selected from 11 program participating schools, with 11 participating teachers purposively selected from these sites. Following semi-structured participant interviews, data were coded and analyzed, where the findings indicated that participants preferred the audiovisual learning content to the written activity format in the blended learning, VCoP teacher professional development program. Program developers may use the research findings to guide the development of VCoP content alternatives to singularly text based online professional development delivery models. Recommendations for future research include studies that address the impact of audiovisual VCoP content on knowledge building.
Intracameral dexamethasone injection in the treatment of cataract surgery induced inflammation: design, development, and place in therapy

Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide, with nearly 20 million cases annually. Appropriate prophylaxis after cataract surgery can contribute to a safe and quick visual recovery with high patient satisfaction. Despite being the current standard of care, the use of multiple postoperative eye drops can create a significant burden on these patients, contributing to documented and significant non-adherence to the postoperative regimen. Over the past 25 years, there have been a few studies analyzing the use of intracameral dexamethasone (DXM) in controlling inflammation following cataract surgery. This review explores various drug delivery approaches for managing intraocular inflammation after cataract surgery, documenting the strengths and weaknesses of these options and examining the role of intracameral DXM (among these other strategies) in controlling postoperative intraocular inflammation. Intracameral DXM has a particular advantage over topical steroids in possibly decreasing postoperative inflammatory symptoms and objective anterior cell and flare scores. Compared to topical steroids, there may be a slightly less theoretical risk of significant intraocular pressure spikes and systemic absorption. In addition, surveys indicate patients prefer an intraoperative intracameral injection over a self-administered postoperative eye drop regimen. However, there are several adverse effects associated with intracameral DXM delivery that are not seen with the noninvasive topical approach. Although it is unlikely that intracameral DXM will replace topical medications as the standard management for postoperative inflammation, it is seemingly another safe and effective strategy for controlling postoperative inflammation after routine cataract surgery.
Steroid-Responsive Hashimoto Encephalopathy and its association with von-Willebrand disease (P1.158)

Objective: To acknowledge the importance of testing for Hashimoto Encephalopathy (HE) in patients with encephalopathy of unknown origin specifically in context of thyroid disease and its association with co-existing von-Willebrand disease (vWD). Background: HE is a heterogenous autoimmune entity, the estimated prevalence of which is 2.1/100,000 with the mean age of diagnosis being 44 years. Typical presentation is acute-subacute confusion and cognitive decline. Other manifestations include transient aphasia, seizures, tremor, myoclonus, ataxia and sleep abnormalities. Diagnosis is usually based on elevated anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO and anti-Tg) in serum. Most patients respond well to corticosteroids. Hypothyroidism itself can result in a hypo-coagulable state by causing Acquired von-Willebrand syndrome (aVWS), thus increasing the bleeding risk. HE seen in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism. Design/Methods: NA Results: We present the case of a 71-year-old man with inherited vWD history who presented with subacute episodes of encephalopathy manifesting as waking up confused in the middle of the night, walking outside naked, urinating in bed, shaking picture frames repeatedly. Work-up included MRI brain showing generalized volume loss, chronic microvascular disease, encephalomalacia in bilateral temporal lobes. EEG had diffuse slowing. He received intravenous von-Willebrand factor prior to lumbar puncture; CSF studies were unrevealing. Paraneoplastic panel and HIV Ab: negative. Initial MoCA score was 21/30. Based on elevated Anti- TPO Antibody level of 119, TSH of 34, he was diagnosed with HE and treated with IV steroids over five days. One-month follow up revealed clinical improvement with significant increase in MoCA score to 25/30. Conclusions: HE is a treatable syndrome and should be considered in differential diagnosis of subacute encephalopathy especially with an underlying thyroid condition. There is a higher risk of hemorrhage in patients with untreated Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism for which HE may be the initial presentation, specifically in the background of vWD. Disclosure: Dr. Katyal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singhal has nothing to disclose.
Designing polymers for advanced battery chemistries

Electrochemical energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important to our global society, and polymer materials are key components of these devices. As the demand for high-energy density devices increases, innovative new materials that build on the fundamental understanding of physical phenomena and structure–property relationships will be required to enable high-capacity next-generation battery chemistries. In this Review, we discuss core polymer science principles that are used to facilitate progress in battery materials development. Specifically, we discuss the design of polymeric materials for desired mechanical properties, increased ionic and electronic conductivity and specific chemical interactions. We also discuss how polymer materials have been designed to create stable artificial interfaces and improve battery safety. The focus is on these design principles applied to advanced silicon, lithium-metal and sulfur battery chemistries. Polymers are ubiquitous in batteries as binders, separators, electrolytes and electrode coatings. In this Review, we discuss the principles underlying the design of polymers with advanced functionalities to enable progress in battery engineering, with a specific focus on silicon, lithium-metal and sulfur battery chemistries.
The Structure and Goals of Miranda Evaluations

This chapter adopts a “nuts-and-bolts,” highly practical approach to Miranda evaluations. Providing forensic services with an easily understood structure is vitally important, because even seasoned criminal attorneys may scarcely have considered Miranda issues, despite decades of practice. In light of widespread “professional neglect” by lawyers, psychologists and other mental health professionals are often placed in an informal educative role to legal professionals in the criminal justice system. When crafting referral questions, defense attorneys frequently need to overcome their own fundamental misconceptions, such as “everyone knows their Miranda rights.” Beyond referrals, the chapter outlines both core and applied issues, from accepting a Miranda case to conducting an assessment. Goals of Miranda consultations may go far beyond suppressing self-incriminating statements, potentially with a key role to play in plea bargaining as well as at trial.
Potential role of botanical drug APG-157 as immune adjuvant in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

e17572Background: Natural botanical drugs, such as curcumin, resveratrol and related flavonoids, are under clinical studies. Previous pilot study of curcumin, a polyphenol, for normal and patients ...
Microkinetic Model of Propylene Oligomerization on Brønsted Acidic Zeolites at Low Conversion

The construction of a computational framework that describes the kinetic details of the propylene oligomerization reaction network on Bronsted acidic zeolites is particularly challenging due to the...
A Virtual Image Accelerator for Graph Cuts Inference on FPGA

Graph Cuts is a popular technique for Maximum A Posteriori inference in computer vision. It transforms a Markov Random Field problem into a network flow problem, solved via the Push-Relabel algorithm. While attractively simple, the large size of a typical image and the large number of necessary pixel-level iterations render the technique computationally expensive. Prior accelerator attempts have been reported with GPUs and FPGAs. In 2017, we demonstrated the first pixel-parallel architecture on FPGA, but limited to only 256-pixel images. This paper extends this pixel-parallel concept and proposed a Virtual-Image architecture which solves the size limitation. We demonstrate the first working virtual-image Graph Cuts accelerator, implemented on a state of the art FPGA, applied to standard benchmark images for a background segmentation task. The design is 11- 13x faster than other FPGA designs, and slightly faster than a modern GPU benchmark by about 30%.
A theoretical study of acoustically driven antennas

Acoustically driven antennas operating at resonant wavelengths up to 105 times smaller than electrical antennas offer great potential for portable, low power communication systems in the very low frequency and low frequency range. Acoustic antennas with real resonant impedances have been demonstrated to offer orders of magnitude better total efficiency compared to similar sized, subwavelength electrically small antennas exhibiting large reactances. While most acoustic antennas share favorable impedance characteristics offering significant matching efficiency advantages over electrically small antennas, radiation efficiency varies greatly based on the implementation of the acoustically driven antenna. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the three primary methods for implementing acoustically driven radiating elements, investigating both radiation and matching efficiencies comprising the total antenna efficiency. Radiation from the linear movement of unipolar charge driven both piezoelectrically and capacitively, the piezoelectrically actuated rotation of fixed dipole charges, and from flipping dipoles inside strain driven piezoelectrics are all presented and analyzed in terms of their design parameters and fundamental challenges. The efficiency of each type of acoustic antenna is referenced to an equivalent electrical antenna to benchmark the performance to a more familiar framework. Of the analyzed antenna types, piezoelectric alternating dipole antennas exhibit the most promise, with efficiencies more than a million times greater than electrically small antennas expected as piezoelectric materials, and resonator designs are optimized for acoustic radiation.
Effects of an Individualized Fasting Program on Fasting Time and Comfort in Infants and Young Children During the Perioperative Period

Abstract Purpose The study was designed to evaluate the effect of an individualized fasting program on fasting time and comfort in infants and young children during the perioperative period. Design A quasiexperimental design was used. Methods The study included 675 children (intervention = 353, control = 322). Data collection tools included Characteristics of Children Form and the Infant Hunger Rating Scale. The fasting program included individualized fasting education and fasting in batches. On the day of the operation, clear liquids were fed 2 hours before surgery and refed after the patient woke after surgery. Findings The duration of perioperative fasting and the time to refeeding were shorter, the hunger scores were lower in the intervention group than those in the control group (P .05), and no coughing and bloating occurred. Conclusions The fasting program for infants and young children can shorten the duration of fasting and can reduce the degree of hunger. This program is safe and feasible.
Nonparametric estimation of the determinants of inefficiency in the presence of firm heterogeneity

Abstract We consider the application of the profile least-squares method to estimate the impact of the determinants of inefficiency in the presence of panel data and unobserved individual specific heterogeneity for the stochastic frontier model. This method has the advantage over previous approaches in that the effect of the determinants of inefficiency on output can be recovered nonparametrically in the presence of heterogeneity at the firm level. We describe the estimator and offer a small set of Monte Carlo exercises that showcases the value of the method for the stochastic frontier model. Application of the method to assess insights generated compared to a pooled cross-section approach using data from the Taiwan banking system is also provided.
Gum-Net: Unsupervised Geometric Matching for Fast and Accurate 3D Subtomogram Image Alignment and Averaging

We propose a Geometric unsupervised matching Net-work (Gum-Net) for finding the geometric correspondence between two images with application to 3D subtomogram alignment and averaging. Subtomogram alignment is the most important task in cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), a revolutionary 3D imaging technique for visualizing the molecular organization of unperturbed cellular landscapes in single cells. However, subtomogram alignment and averaging are very challenging due to severe imaging limits such as noise and missing wedge effects. We introduce an end-to-end trainable architecture with three novel modules specifically designed for preserving feature spatial information and propagating feature matching information. The training is performed in a fully unsupervised fashion to optimize a matching metric. No ground truth transformation information nor category-level or instance-level matching supervision information is needed. After systematic assessments on six real and nine simulated datasets, we demonstrate that Gum-Net reduced the alignment error by 40 to 50% and improved the averaging resolution by 10%. Gum-Net also achieved 70 to 110 times speedup in practice with GPU acceleration compared to state-of-the-art subtomogram alignment methods. Our work is the first 3D unsupervised geometric matching method for images of strong transformation variation and high noise level. The training code, trained model, and datasets are available in our open-source software AITom.
Prognostic Value of Functional Capacity in Different Exercise Protocols.

Background Functional capacity is associated with mortality, although the prognostic value of achieved estimated metabolic equivalents (METs) across various exercise protocols is not established. W...
What is Culture? Systems of People, Places, and Practices

Culture is a fuzzy concept without fixed boundaries, meaning different things according to situations. To address this issue, I introduce a p-model to understand culture as a system of people, plac...
Quantum geometry and θ-angle in five-dimensional super Yang-Mills

Five-dimensional Sp(N) supersymmetric Yang-Mills admits a ℤ2 version of a theta angle θ. In this note, we derive a double quantization of the Seiberg-Witten geometry of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Sp(1) gauge theory at θ = π, on the manifold S1 × ℝ4. Crucially, ℝ4 is placed on the Ω-background, which provides the two parameters to quantize the geometry. Physically, we are counting instantons in the presence of a 1/2-BPS fundamental Wilson loop, both of which are wrapping S1. Mathematically, this amounts to proving the regularity of a qq-character for the spin-1/2 representation of the quantum affine algebra $$ {U}_q\left(\hat{A_1}\right) $$ , with a certain twist due to the θ-angle. We motivate these results from two distinct string theory pictures. First, in a (p, q)-web setup in type IIB, where the loop is characterized by a D3 brane. Second, in a type I′ string setup, where the loop is characterized by a D4 brane subject to an orientifold projection. We comment on the generalizations to the higher rank case Sp(N) when N > 1, and the SU(N) theory at Chern-Simons level κ when N > 2.
Werkgruppe VI.A: Sinfonien

SIX ǀ SIMPHONIES| A GRANDE ORCHESTRE ǀ Pour ǀ Deux Violons, Alto, Basse, Flutes ǀ ou Hautbois et Cors de Chasse. ǀ PAR ǀ Mr. DE BEECKE, ǀ Capitaine du Regiment Prince Frederic de ǀ Wirtemberg, Dragon au service de cercle de souabe. ǀ Prix 12lt. avec la double Basse. ǀ A PARIS ǀ Chez Madame Berault Marchande de Musique rue et a cote ǀ de la Comedie Francoise au Dieu de l'harmonie. ǀ Et aux Adresses Ordinaires.
Using Satellite-Based Vegetation Data for Short-Term Grazing Monitoring to Inform Adaptive Management

Abstract Quantifying rangeland vegetation amounts with remotely sensed satellite data is a proliferating field of study. Yet the resulting datasets are rarely related to use-based monitoring indicators (i.e., utilization or residual biomass), which are critical for adaptive management and to inform the subsequent year's grazing plans. To better assess our ability to use remotely sensed data products for grazing monitoring and adaptive management, we tested the relationships between a variety of vegetation biomass metrics derived from remotely sensed data on a bunchgrass-dominated grassland in northeast Oregon and two common indicators: stocking rate at the pasture scale (40−250 ha; a management indicator) and field-based utilization estimates at the plot scale (25−50 m; a grazing indicator). At the pasture scale, we correlated stocking rate to biomass metrics and found two metrics that had consistent relationships to stocking rate: fall mean biomass (r values range: −0.52 to −0.56; P values
The Savvy Consumer of Political Science Research

This chapter is a reflection on the development of my thinking about the best way to teach political science research methods. I discuss how past experiences led to the development of my current state of thinking about the course. My three primary insights are (1) introductory research methods should be situated within the broader curriculum; it should not be considered as the beginning and end of learning about methods. (2) The core goal should be to reduce innumeracy. Students should be able to effectively read contemporary research in peer-reviewed journals. (3) Fun is not the antithesis of rigorous. Learning about research can and should be fun.
Densely Connected Recurrent Residual (Dense R2UNet) Convolutional Neural Network for Segmentation of Lung CT Images.

Deep Learning networks have established themselves as providing state of art performance for semantic segmentation. These techniques are widely applied specifically to medical detection, segmentation and classification. The advent of the U-Net based architecture has become particularly popular for this application. In this paper we present the Dense Recurrent Residual Convolutional Neural Network(Dense R2U CNN) which is a synthesis of Recurrent CNN, Residual Network and Dense Convolutional Network based on the U-Net model architecture. The residual unit helps training deeper network, while the dense recurrent layers enhances feature propagation needed for segmentation. The proposed model tested on the benchmark Lung Lesion dataset showed better performance on segmentation tasks than its equivalent models.
Copy-move image forgery detection based on Gabor magnitude

An efficient and robust detection algorithm for image copy move forgery is proposed.The histogram of orientated Gabor magnitude is proposed for the extraction of image features.We developed a noise detector to reduce the probability of false matches.The proposed method is effective in dealing with images distorted by different post-processing. With advancement of media editing software, even people who are not image processing experts can easily alter digital images. Various methods of digital image forgery exist, such as image splicing, copy-move forgery, and image retouching. The most common method of tampering with a digital image is copy-move forgery, in which a part of an image is duplicated and used to substitute another part of the same image at a different location. In this paper, we present an efficient and robust method to detect such artifacts. First, the tampered image is segmented into overlapping fixed-size blocks, and the Gabor filter is applied to each block. Thus, the image of Gabor magnitude represents each block. Secondly, statistical features are extracted from the histogram of orientated Gabor magnitude (HOGM) of overlapping blocks, and reduced features are generated for similarity measurement. Finally, feature vectors are sorted lexicographically, and duplicated image blocks are identified by finding similarity block pairs after suitable post-processing. To enhance the algorithm's robustness, a few parameters are proposed for removing the wrong similar blocks. Experiment results demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to detect multiple examples of copy-move forgery and precisely locate the duplicated regions, even when dealing with images distorted by slight rotation and scaling, JPEG compression, blurring, and brightness adjustment.
Two Sources of Error in Data on Migration From Mexico to the United States in Mexican Household-Based Surveys

We examine the nature and degree of two sources of error in data on migration from Mexico to the United States in Mexican household-based surveys: (1) sampling error that results when whole households migrate and no one is left behind to report their migration; and (2) reporting errors that result when migrants are not identified by survey respondents. Using data from the first two waves of the Mexican Family Life Survey, which tracked Mexican migrants to the United States from 2002 to 2005, we find that one-half of migrants from Mexico to the United States are not counted as a result of these two sources of error. Misreporting is the larger source of error, accounting for more than one-third of all migrants. Those who are not counted, especially whole-household migrants, are a unique group. Their omission results in an underestimate of female migrants, child migrants, and migrants from the Mexican border region, and an overestimate of migrants from the periphery region.