cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B86: Indoor tanning use and incidence of skin cancer

Tanning beds are used by 30 million Americans each year. The use of tanning beds has been shown to increase the risk of skin cancers in previous epidemiological studies. A 2007 meta-analysis by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reported positive associations of ever-use of tanning beds with increased risks of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In 2009, the IARC classified UV radiation from tanning beds as human carcinogen (group 1). However, risk effect of indoor tanning on basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most prevalent skin cancer in Caucasians, has been inconclusive. Besides, evidence for a dose-response relationship with melanoma and SCC was inconsistent across previous studies. In this study, using a large and well-characterized cohort in the U.S., the Nurses9 Health Study II, we followed up 73,494 female nurses for 20 years and investigated the frequency of tanning bed use during high school/college, at age 25–35, as well as the overall average usage during both periods in relation to three types of skin cancer (BCC, melanoma, and SCC). We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each type of skin cancer. During follow-up, 5,526 BCC cases, 348 melanoma cases, and 400 SCC cases developed. We found highly significantly elevated risk of BCC among participants who used tanning beds either during high school/college or at ages 25–35 (p 6 times/year use, the multivariable-adjusted HR of BCC compared to non-users was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.23–1.49) at ages 25–35 and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.60–2.08) during high school/college (p for heterogeneity Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B86.
An investigation into the effect of varying the main field and local field on the PD characteristics of nanofilled polypropylene films

When a rod - plane electrode system with a dielectric barrier is subjected to a power frequency voltage, the progression of partial discharges is dependent on the combined field due to applied voltage and local field caused by residual charges resulting from earlier partial discharges. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of variations in main (applied) field in comparison to variations in local field due to space charges on the progression of surface partial discharge behavior in polymer nanocomposites. In the first set of experiments, keeping all the other conditions constant, the effect of variation in gap spacing on the partial discharge behavior and its effect on depth of erosion in unfilled polypropylene is studied. In the second set of investigations, keeping the main field constant, composition of the polymer nanocomposite (i.e. content of the nanofiller) of the dielectric barrier is varied thereby altering the local fields by virtue of their difference in response to PD occurrence. The results of our investigations and their analysis is presented.
A Proposed Dynamic Pressure and Temperature Primary Standard

Diatomic gas molecules have a fundamental vibrational motion whose frequency is affected by pressure in a simple way. In addition, these molecules have well defined rotational energy levels whose populations provide a reliable measure of the thermodynamic temperature. Since information concerning the frequency of vibration and the relative populations can be determined by laser spectroscopy, the gas molecules themselves can serve as sensors of pressure and temperature. Through measurements under static conditions, the pressure and temperature dependence of the spectra of selected molecules is now understood. As the time required for the spectroscopic measurement can be reduced to nanoseconds, the diatomic gas molecule is an excellent candidate for a dynamic pressure/temperature primary standard. The temporal response in this case will be limited by the equilibration time for the molecules to respond to changes in local thermodynamic variables. Preliminary feasibility studies suggest that by using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy we will be able to measure dynamic pressure up to 108 Pa and dynamic temperature up to 1500 K with an uncertainty of 5%.
Paradigms and Narratives for Sustainable Well-Being in Academic Life:

I summarize multidisciplinary paradigms and best practices’ recommendations for professional learning by higher education faculty members. This review leads to an innovative narrative model for aca...
Abstract 5497: Breast cancer treatment decision-making: Are we asking too much of patients

Background. Physicians are mandated to offer treatment choices to breast cancer patients yet not all patients may want the responsibility that entails. Prior studies show that breast cancer patients who are not given enough responsibility for treatment decision-making have poorer treatment knowledge and report worse quality of care. In contrast, few studies explore potential adverse consequences for breast cancer patients who feel they are given too much responsibility for treatment decision-making. Methods. We sought to describe and compare women by degree of responsibility they felt they had for making decisions about their breast cancer treatment. Our sample includes women with early-stage breast cancer treated surgically at 8 NYC hospitals, recruited for an RCT of patient assistance to improve receipt of adjuvant treatment. In multivariable analyses, we explored the association between treatment decision-making responsibility and a) baseline knowledge of benefit of surgical and adjuvant treatments discussed with doctor and b) regret of treatment decisions after 6 months. Results. Of 368 women aged 28-89y enrolled at baseline, 72% reported a “reasonable amount,” 21% “too much,” and 7% “not enough” responsibility for treatment decision-making. The majority in the first group were White (53%), earned >$150,000/year (33%), completed college (53%), had no health literacy problems (50%), and had a great deal of self-efficacy (61%). In contrast, the majority with “not enough” responsibility were Black (42%), earned Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5497. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5497
David Mechanic: Professional Zombie Hunter

Within the fields of medicine and sociology, the descriptor "profession" (along with its brethren: profession, professionalization, and professionalism) has had a rich etymological history, with terms taking on different meanings at different times-sometimes trespassing into shibboleth and jargon. This etymological journey has co-evolved with the career of David Mechanic to whom this issue of the Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law is devoted. We exploit a provocative metaphor applied to Mechanic's work on the challenges facing medicine as a profession as a playful exegesis on what we call "profession" to excavate an ensconced and encrusted domain of health jargon operating at the tensive interface of society and modern medical work.
SFTSV RNA detection in sera of patients suffering from fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome

Objective PCR primers for amplification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV) were optimized in order to improve the detection sensitivity and specificity in sera from patients suffering from severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS).Methods RT-PCR primers were designed from the sequences of L,M,and S segments of SFTSV genome by using Primer Premier 5.0 and Oligo 6.0 softwares(L1,M1,S1) or obtained from references(L2,M2,S2).12 primers were divided into 6 groups to amplify these segments.SFTSV RNAs in sera from patients with SFTS and normal sera were amplified by PCR and sequenced.SFTSV RNA detection sensitivity and specificity between primers were compared.At the same time,the relationship between the sensitivity and serum acquisition time were also compared.Results RT-PCR results showed that SFTSV detection sensitivity was different between primers.S-segment was most frequently amplified with one pair of primer(S1),while L-segment was amplified occasionally and M segment was never amplified.Sensitivity for the detection of SFTSV RNA in sera was 64.3% when it was perfomed within 7 d,compared with 37.5% in 7~14 d.The difference between them was not statistically significant[P0.05(=0.377)].No segment of SFTSV was amplified in normal sera.Specificity of all primers was 100%.Conclusion S1 primer pair is the most sensitive one among all primer pairs derived from S-,M-and L-segments of SFTSV for RT-PCR amplification of S-segment.
Smart Grids and Security Challenges

Smart grids are the modernization of the legacy power systems with the development of communication infrastructures. They are perfect examples of cyber-physical systems (CPS). To delineate the importance of the safety and reliability of smart grids, the Schneider Electric report in June 2010 can be cited [4]: “The financial impact of power disruption was demonstrated during the August 2003 blackout, which affected 45 million people in eight US states and 10 million people in parts of Canada. Healthcare facilities experienced hundreds of millions of dollars in lost revenue from canceled services, legal liability, and damaged reputations. Six hospitals were in bankruptcy one year later.” This incident clearly illustrates the extent of the impact due to operational interruption in energy networks.
Transport of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Across the Blood–Brain Barrier: Consequences for Disease States and Therapeutic Effects

The pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptides (PACAP38 and PACAP27) are pluripotent peptides that exert many effects directly on brain. These direct effects on brain often occur even when PACAP is administered peripherally, especially PACAP38. This ability of peripheral PACAP38 to directly affect the brain is largely due to its transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by peptide transport system-6 (PTS-6). PTS-6 is actually a family of transporters that transport PACAP38 from blood to brain (influx) and brain to blood (efflux) and PACAP27 from brain to blood. The efflux transporter for PACAP27 is beta-1 ATPase and its inhibition results in a fourfold increase in the accumulation by brain and an increase in the therapeutic effect of peripherally administered PACAP27. The activity of the PACAP38 influx component of PTS-6 is not static but can increase or decrease after injuries to the CNS. Because of PTS-6 influx, very low doses of PACAP38 administered peripherally can have profound therapeutic effects on brain. However, the short half-life and rapid degradation of PACAP27 and especially PACAP38 in blood complicates peripheral administration. Analogs of PACAP38, such as conjugation with a TAT peptide or acylation, can have improved therapeutic effects. Bypassing the BBB by administering PACAP38 intranasally at the level of the cribriform plate is also promising.
ARFI beam sequence performance as evaluated by trained readers: Plaque detection

ARFI and SWEI have been demonstrated to be capable of detecting atherosclerotic plaques both ex vivo and in vivo. In order to ensure the best possible plaque detection capability, the most appropriate beam sequences must be used. A method for determining the performance of beam sequences is presented in the form of a reader evaluation study using trained readers to evaluate parametric image sets. Nine ARFI/SWEI beam sequences were applied in arterial mimicking phantoms with soft and hard inclusions, and 7 sequences were applied in 22 arterial segments from 6 pigs. The sequences consisted of 3 types of excitations: a single F/1.5 pulse, a single F/3 pulse, and two F/1.5 pulses, spaced 0.8 ms apart. These 3 excitation methods were combined with 3 types of tracking to generate the 9 total sequences: 1:1 Single A-line receive, 4:1 parallel receive and 4:1 parallel receive tracking lateral to the region of excitation (SWEI). Beam sequences that tracked in the region of excitation performed best in both phantoms and ex vivo arteries. The ranking of beam sequence performance was generally consistent in both phantom and ex vivo arteries.
Reliability Analysis of Fatigue Life Prediction from the Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Model

The fatigue resistance of asphalt concrete materials plays an important role in the service life of a pavement. Several empirical and mechanistic models and efforts are under way toward improving these models for accurate prediction of fatigue life. The reliability of predictions with these models has not received substantial attention. This study used the simplified viscoelastic continuum damage model to analyze the reliability of fatigue predictions. Modulus and fatigue tests were conducted on a standard dense graded asphalt mixture to characterize the model and create deterministic fatigue life predictions. Monte Carlo simulations were then used to calculate the reliability of the fatigue predictions, given the variation in input parameters. The analysis was conducted for combinations of three experimental failure criteria and two model failure criteria at two strain levels for a total of 12 study cases. Differences in reliability between the combinations of failure conditions are identified and discus...
Assessment: The Newborn

Neonatal neurobehavioral assessment has become a standardized component of clinical care provided to newborn infants, guiding neonatal clinical care and subsequent access to early interventions and services. Links between neonatal assessment and neurosensory and motor impairments in high-risk infants have been relatively well established. In contrast, the extent to which newborn neurobehavioral assessment might also facilitate the early identification of infants susceptible to socioemotional impairments in early childhood is less well documented. This review examines longitudinal links between the neonatal neurobehavioral assessment, temperament, and socioemotional outcomes in early childhood.
The Metaphysics of Hierarchy

The metaphysics of Ps.-Dionysius is, in one sense, equivalent in all its parts to the metaphysics of Neoplatonism after Proclus. In another sense, it is that same metaphysics as it affects and is affected by the idea of hierarchy. What the phrase “metaphysics of hierarchy” means herefore, is more than either the metaphysics of later Neoplatonism, on one hand, or a hierarchy of men and angels striving in their several ranks for the light of divinity above,1 on the other. It cannot be the former, for the Neoplatonists never refer to “hierarchy.” It cannot be the latter, for the hierarchic order of men and angels described by Ps.-Dionysius would be inexplicable if it rested on nothing more than Scriptural passages. It is evident that such a hierarchic order is not prescribed in Scripture; Ps.-Dionysius writes as if it were for reasons of his own.
Visits for Depression to Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners in the USA

Depression is a prevalent condition in the US, and limited access to mental health providers is a significant national public health issue. Use of physician assistants (PA) and nurse practitioners (NP) to provide depression management could increase access to care for this important problem. Visits for depression to PAs and NPs in ambulatory care were examined using the 2005–2011 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The seven-year data identified that approximately 7 billion visits for depression were evaluated by one of three medical providers (93.3% physician only, 2.9% PA/NP only, 3.9% combined). Overall, PA/NPs were involved in 42 million (6.7%) of depression visits. Some differences in sociodemographic and health characteristics of patients emerged by provider type. Compared to physicians, PA/NP only visits were more likely to be with patients that were from urban areas and patients with public insurance. Patients more likely to be seen by a physician were older and racial and ethnic minorities. Increased use of PAs and NPs may be an important strategy for improving access to depression care.
On the Effects of Non‐Normality on the Distribution of the Sample Product‐Moment Correlation Coefficient

Samples from non‐normal bivariate distributions are simulated and the densities of the sample product‐moment correlation coefficient, r, estimated and compared with the corresponding normal theory densities. The results are contrasted with the literature on the subject and an attempt is made to reconcile some of the earlier conflicting conclusions regarding the robustness of the distribution of r.
Table of Integrals, Series and Products: CD-ROM Version 1.0. By I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik

(1997). Table of Integrals, Series and Products: CD-ROM Version 1.0. By I. S. Gradshteyn and I. M. Ryzhik. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 104, No. 4, pp. 373-376.
One-Pot Synthesis of Four Chlorin Derivatives by a Divergent Ylide

Chlorins have unique photophysical properties that are exploited in diverse biological and materials applications. De novo chlorin synthesis with specific exocyclic motifs can be challenging and many are not stable to photobleaching and/or oxidation. A facile approach to a stable synthetic chlorin with a fused N-methyl pyrrolidine uses cyclo addition of a sarcosine-based azomethine ylide on 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (TPPF20) is reported, but this approach has limitations. We report the synthesis of stable chlorin scaffolds starting with TPPF20 using a new glycine-based N-(hydroxymethyl)-N-methelenemethanideaminium ylide. Careful control of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction allows a divergent use of the glycine derived ylide to yield four new chlorins, including the fused NH-pyrrolidine, two dimers, and the same N-methyl chlorin product from the sarcosine ylide reaction. The mechanism begins with the formation of a bis(hydroxymethyl)glycine, which then dehydrates and d...
Dual-catalytic decarbonylation of fatty acid methyl esters to form olefins.

The homogeneous dehydrative decarbonylation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) to form olefins is reported. In order to facilitate cleavage of the unactivated acyl C–O bond of the alkyl ester, a one pot dual-catalytic directing group strategy was developed through optimization of the individual transesterification and decarbonylation reaction steps.
One Small Step for Science, One Giant Leap for Prevention

"Primaiy Prevention Mental Health Programs for Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analytic Review" by Durlak and Wells (1997) represents a significant benchmark with respect to an empirically based case for the effectiveness of interventions of this nature. In this regard, the authors characterize the general emphases of 177 interventions reported as recently as 1991, summarize their outcomes, place those outcomes within the broader context of other, established treatment and/or prevention efforts in the social sciences and medicine, and suggest future directions for work along these lines. Particularly encouraging is their finding that the average participant in a primary prevention program surpasses the performance of between 59 and 82% of controls, and that the outcomes reflect an 8-46% difference in success rates favoring the former. Perhaps the most telling observation, however, is that these programs yielded significant mean effects comparable to, indeed, in some cases, better than those reported for a wide range of psychological, education, and behavioral treatments, as well as preventive interventions targeting smoking, alcohol use, delinquency, and heart attacks. Previous reviews of the literature had suggested, in tantalizing but less conclusive fashion, that this might be the case (see Coie et al., 1993; Institute of Medicine, 1994; Price, Cowen, Lorion, & RamosMcKay, 1989). While reading Durlak and Wells's thoughtful manuscript, I found myself wishing that this had been available to us during the course of the (IOM, 1994) study to which they refer frequently, for it would have facilitated greatly the arguments advanced therein. However, rather than continue to sing their praises for such an important contribution, which I could, and am sure that others in this issue will do, let me address several specific issues that arise in the article at hand. These issues fall into three
Precise measurement of Γ(Λ0 → p + e− + ν)/Γ(Λ0 → p + π−)

Abstract Based on a sample of 10 000 events of the decay Λ 0 → p + e − + ν , the ratio Γ(Λ 0 → pe ν )/Γ(Λ 0 → pπ − ) is found to be (1.313 ± 0.024) × 10−3. From this, the absolute rate for the process is calculated to be (3.204 ± 0.068) × 106 s−1 .
Pregnancy Outcomes after Early Amniotomy among Class III Obese Gravidas Undergoing Induction of Labor.

Objective We sought to evaluate differences in pregnancy outcomes following early amniotomy in women with class III obesity (body mass index ≥40 kg/m2) undergoing induction of labor. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women with class III obesity undergoing term induction of labor from January 2007 to February 2013. Early amniotomy was defined as artificial membrane rupture at less than 4 cm cervical dilation. The primary outcome was cesarean delivery. Secondary outcomes included length of labor, a maternal morbidity composite, and a neonatal morbidity composite. A subgroup analysis examined the effect of parity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for covariates. Results Of 285 women meeting inclusion criteria, 107 (37.5%) underwent early amniotomy and 178 (62.5%) underwent late amniotomy. Early amniotomy was associated with cesarean delivery after multivariable adjustments (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.47). There were no significant differences in length of labor or maternal and neonatal morbidity between groups. When stratified by parity, early amniotomy was associated with increased cesarean delivery (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.47–6.58) only in nulliparous women. Conclusion Early amniotomy among class III obese women, especially nulliparous women, undergoing labor induction may be associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery.
Controlled Marine Ecosystems- A Tool for Studying Stable Trace Metal Cycles: Long-Term Response and Variability

Application of controlled marine ecosystems to studies of trophic interactions, nutrient cycling, and pollutant stress has gained momentum during the past decade (pilson and Nixon 1980, Adler et ale 1980, Gibson and Grice 1980, Elmgren et al. 1980, Parsons 1978, Gamble et al. 1977). The major concerns in this approach to environmental assessment are (1) replicability between controlled ecosystems and natural systems, (2) reproducibility within an experimental design, and (3) alterations in the ecosystem resulting from its long-term containment. The questions of long-term variability (replicability) between large-scale controlled ecosystems (> 10 rrr) and duplication of natural systems have been directly addressed in only a few studies: Pilson and Nixon (1980), Pilson et ale (1980), Pilson et al. (1979), Pilson (1978), and Oviatt et ale (1980). These studies have been primarily concerned with key biological factors. No studies available discuss replicability of nonbiological factors. This paper presents trace metal responses in MERL mesocosms over 19 months, showing both the long and short-term variability that may be expected with these mesocosms and the degree to which they replicate a natural system.
Transformational leaders: bridging the gap between goal ambiguity and public value involvement

Conventional wisdom suggests that ambiguous goals result in undesirable consequences for organizations. However, little research examines the connections between ambiguity, public values, and organ...
Evaluating the relative importance of precipitation, temperature and land-cover change in the hydrologic response to extreme meteorological drought conditions over the North American High Plains

Abstract. Drought is a natural disaster that may become more common in the future under climate change. It involves changes to temperature, precipitation and/or land cover, but the relative contributions of each of these factors to overall drought severity is not clear. Here we apply a high-resolution integrated hydrologic model of the High Plains to explore the individual importance of each of these factors and the feedbacks between them. The model was constructed using ParFlow-CLM, which represents surface and subsurface processes in detail with physically based equations. Numerical experiments were run to perturb vegetation, precipitation and temperature separately and in combination. Results show that decreased precipitation caused larger anomalies in evapotranspiration, soil moisture, stream flow and water table levels than increased temperature or disturbed land cover did. However, these factors are not linearly additive when applied in combination; some effects of multifactor runs came from interactions between temperature, precipitation and land cover. Spatial scale was important in characterizing impacts, as unpredictable and nonlinear impacts at small scales aggregate to predictable, linear large-scale behavior.
Mediation analysis for estimating cardioprotection of longitudinal RAS inhibition beyond lowering blood pressure and albuminuria in type 1 diabetes.

Abstract Purpose We assessed the extent of cardiovascular benefit of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibition beyond lowering blood pressure (BP) and albuminuria in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods This cohort study included 605 T1D participants from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study without baseline coronary artery disease (CAD). Participant follow-up extended through 25 years. We implemented marginal structural models to estimate total effect of and controlled direct effect by isolating the role of BP or albuminuria in mediating the relation between RAS inhibitors and CAD. Results Total effect of longitudinal RAS inhibition treatment was associated with 38% decreased CAD risk (HR [95% CI]: 0.62 [0.23, 1.77]). The controlled direct effect of RAS inhibition was a 27% risk reduction (HR: 0.73 [0.20, 2.59]) when isolating the role of BP and 26% risk reduction (HR: 0.74 [0.16, 3.35]) when isolating the role of albuminuria. The mediation proportion for each 10 mm Hg systolic BP and each 1 log unit of albumin excretion rate were 34% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that BP regulation and albuminuria reduction can only partially explain cardiovascular benefit of RAS inhibition on CAD in T1D, supporting the assertion that RAS inhibitors provide additional cardioprotection beyond lowering BP and albuminuria.
Isosbestic Point in Optical Mapping; Theoretical and Experimental Determination With Di-4-ANBDQPQ Transmembrane Voltage Sensitive Dye

Optical mapping methods utilize fluorescence dyes to measure dynamic response of cardiac tissue such as changes in transmembrane potential (V m ). For the commonly used V m sensitive dyes, a dye absorption and emission spectra shift as V m changes. Signals relevant to V m are calculated as a relative fluorescence change with respect to the fluorescence baseline. The amplitude of the change depends on the long-pass (LP) filter cut-on wavelength, placed on the sensor side, and the excitation wavelength. An excitation wavelength near the absorption peak, termed the isosbestic point, results in minimal absorption coefficient change as absorption spectra shifts. Consequentially the fluorescence intensity virtually does not change, when fluorescence across the entire emission spectra is measured, irrelevant of V m changes. In this study we experimentally determined the isosbestic point for a near infrared dye Di-4-ANBDQPQ. We then present a theoretical study examining the dye linear or non-linear response as the fractional fluorescence change of V m change, due to emission spectra shift and amplitude change, over a range of excitation wavelengths and LP filters. Linear "optical" response is important to quantify certain aspects of cardiac dynamics such as the action potential (AP) shape and duration, especially when studying drug effects and dynamical substrates for arrhythmia development.
Integrating multimodal connectivity improves prediction of individual cognitive abilities

How white matter pathway integrity and neural co-activation patterns in the brain relate to complex cognitive functions remains a mystery in neuroscience. Here, we integrate neuroimaging, connectomics, and machine learning approaches to explore how multimodal brain connectivity relates to cognition. Specifically, we evaluate whether integrating functional and structural connectivity improves prediction of individual crystallised and fluid abilities in 415 unrelated healthy young adults from the Human Connectome Project. Our primary results are two-fold. First, we demonstrate that integrating functional and structural information - at both a model input or output level - significantly outperforms functional or structural connectivity alone to predict individual verbal/language skills and fluid reasoning/executive function. Second, we show that distinct pairwise functional and structural connections are important for these predictions. In a secondary analysis, we find that structural connectivity derived from deterministic tractography is significantly superior than structural connectivity derived from probabilistic tractography to predict individual cognitive abilities.
Evaluation of Burnout and Work-Life in Surgical Trauma Acute Care Units.

Introduction Stressors unique to trauma patients may potentiate burnout in the trauma care team. Among health care workers, nurses historically demonstrate high rates of burnout and are often the first caregivers in which patients interact. There is limited research, however, investigating burnout in trauma nurses. This study aims to evaluate levels of burnout and perceptions of work-life in nurses and ancillary staff at a Level 1 trauma center. Methods An anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey was administered utilizing the Maslach Burnout Toolkit to investigate levels of burnout and work-life. Supplemental questions developed by investigators were included to gather additional details about the work environment. Results A total of 126 trauma staff completed the survey yielding a response rate of 73%. Trauma staff exhibited low degrees of emotional exhaustion (M = 2.53, SD = 1.29) and depersonalization (M = 1.83, SD = 1.33). Staff with 4 to less than 9 years of tenure at the study institution experienced these emotions at the highest level. Overall, staff cited documentation requirements and patient-to-staff ratios as prominent concerns with their work-life. There were significant negative associations between manageable workload with emotional exhaustion (r = -0.68) and depersonalization (r = -0.56). Conclusions Overall, low degrees of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were exhibited, but significant increases were noted in staff with increasing tenure. These findings suggest that cited aspects of work-life may impact the development of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization over time. Pilot interventions are underway to identify an acuity-adjusted staffing process and a user-friendly electronic documentation platform to improve the institution's work environment.
Single-Step Conversion of Ethanol to n-Butene over Ag-ZrO2/SiO2 Catalysts

Ethanol is a promising platform molecule for production of a variety of fuels and chemicals. Of particular interest is producing middle distillate fuels (i.e., jet and diesel blendstock) from renew...
Hysteresis-Free Negative Capacitance Effect in Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Metal Capacitors with Dielectric Leakage and Interfacial Trapped Charges

The negative capacitance (NC) stabilization of a ferroelectric (FE) material can potentially provide an alternative way to further reduce the power consumption in ultrascaled devices and thus has been of great interest in technology and science in the past decade. In this paper, we present a physical picture for a better understanding of the hysteresis-free charge-boost effect observed experimentally in metal-ferroelectric-insulator-metal ($M$-$F$-$I$-$M$) capacitors. By introducing the dielectric (DE) leakage and interfacial trapped charges, our simulations of the hysteresis loops are in a strong agreement with the experimental measurements, suggesting the existence of an interfacial oxide layer at the FE-metal interface in metal-ferroelectric-metal ($M$-$F$-$M$) capacitors. Based on the pulse-switching measurements, we find that the charge enhancement and hysteresis are dominated by the FE domain viscosity and DE leakage, respectively. Our simulation results show that the underlying mechanisms for the observed hysteresis-free charge enhancement in $M$-$F$-$I$-$M$ may be physically different from the alleged NC stabilization and capacitance matching. Moreover, the link between Merz's law and the phenomenological kinetic coefficient is discussed, and the possible cause of the residual charges observed after pulse switching is explained by the trapped charge dynamics at the FE-DE interface. The physical interpretation presented in this work can provide useful insights into the NC effect in $M$-$F$-$I$-$M$ capacitors and future studies of low-power logic devices.
Urine protein biomarkers of bladder cancer arising from 16-plex antibody-based screens.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify novel urine protein biomarkers of bladder cancer using a Luminex based screening platform. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study examines urine samples from 66 subjects, comprised of 31 Urology clinic controls and 35 bladder cancer patients, using a Luminex based screening platform. ELISA validation was carried out for the top 4 prospective urine biomarkers using an independent cohort of 20 Urology clinic controls and 60 bladder cancer (BC) subjects. RESULTS Of the 16 proteins screened by Luminex, 10 showed significant elevation in BC compared to the controls. Eight of these urine proteins were able to differentiate BC from control urine with ROC AUC values exceeding 0.70 at p < 0.0001, with specificity values exceeding 0.9. Upon ELISA validation, urine IL-1α, IL-1ra, and IL-8 were able to distinguish control urine from urine drawn from various bladder cancer stages, with IL-8 being the best discriminator. Compared to members of the IL-1 cytokine family, urine IL-8 was also best at discriminating T1 and/or T2-T4 from Ta BC (ROC AUC ≥ 0.83), as well as high grade from low grade BC (ROC AUC ≥ 0.82). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that urine IL-1α, IL-1ra and IL-8 are useful indicators of bladder cancer. Urine IL-8 not only distinguishes bladder cancer from controls, it also discriminates high grade from low grade disease, and the successive clinical stages of bladder cancer. While supportive of previous reports, these findings warrant further analysis in prospective cohorts.
114 An online course to teach and encourage equine biosecurity practices

To introduce horse owners, caretakers, and industry professionals to equine biosecurity concepts, the University of Minnesota (UMN) Extension Equine Program offered a semi-self-paced, 6-week online certificate course. Our objective to improve content and its delivery was prompted by student feedback from year one before the second offering (January 2020 and January 2021, respectively). The Equine Biosecurity Online Certificate Course (EBOCC) used the Canvas learning management platform. To meet course objectives, adult learners viewed weekly asynchronous lectures on biosecurity concepts, practicing biosecurity at home and at shows/events, and communicating a biosecurity plan to clients and service providers. Weekly assignments alternated between discussion forums and a quiz to assess learning. Lecture notes and supportive resources (e.g., web articles or videos) were provided for each module. Students also wrote a biosecurity plan for their individual farm or horse ownership circumstance, prompted by 11 biosecurity principles. Knowledge gain was measured through pre- and post-course assessments and course satisfaction was considered through a course evaluation. The first offering resulted in knowledge gain (P ≤ 0.0008) though course evaluations indicated improvements were necessary for future delivery. The non-traditional students struggled with Canvas course navigation and desired more applied uses for equine biosecurity. Improved user-experience was created for year 2 using Canvas design options. Weekly modules were further developed to include deeper biosecurity concepts and applied uses. Learners in year 2 also demonstrated knowledge gain (P ≤ 0.0001) and greater course satisfaction (82%) compared with the first offering (67%). In total, 40 horse owners and industry professionals from 11 states and 5 countries (including the US) participated. The enrolled students personally owned 101 equids and cared for an additional 303 animals. Based on the information they learned, 93% of the students agreed or strongly agreed they would make at least one change in their horse operation or ownership with respect to biosecurity. Participants conveyed gratitude for the encouragement to write a biosecurity plan as part of their everyday management and disease preparedness, with 47% implementing at least one change before the course ending. Exposure to equine biosecurity through an online course provided students opportunity to increase knowledge and commit to biosecurity practices in the present and for the future. Utilizing course evaluations to constructively evaluate the delivery of this Extension course improved the impact of the lessons taught.
Perceived Autonomy Moderates the Relation of Proactive Personality With Job Crafting

Abstract. A two-wave study with a sample of employed adults (n = 219) examined the interaction of proactive personality and perceived autonomy in the prediction of self-reported job crafting. We fo...
Ten-year treatment complication outcomes of radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiation vs brachytherapy for 1503 patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE To compare 10-year late complications of radical prostatectomy (RP) versus external-beam-radiation-therapy (EBRT) versus brachytherapy (BT). METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on 1503 intermediate-risk-prostate-cancer patients treated from 2004 to 2007, using univariate comparisons. Eight hundred and nineteen underwent RP, 574 EBRT, and 110 BT. RP urinary and rectal complications were graded severe if patients required ≥3 pads/diapers per day, chronic condom catheter or penile clamp, daily clean-intermittent-catheterization, sling, artificial-urinary-sphincter, or rectal fistula. Complications for EBRT/BT were severe if graded 3/4 on the Radiation-Therapy-Oncology-Group scale for late effects. The prevalence of erectile-dysfunction-devices (EDD) of injections, pumps and/or penile implants were compared. RESULTS Median follow-up for RP versus EBRT versus BT were 10.0, 9.6, and 9.8 years. Median age were 62.1, 70.8, 65.3, p CONCLUSIONS BT had lower prevalence of severe urinary complications, possibly by using AUA score to avoid patients with obstructive uropathy. Urinary complications may be reduced by limiting RP to younger, healthier patients, and by avoiding EBRT/BT with obstructive symptoms. RP had higher prevalence of EDD, despite having younger, healthier patients.
Orbital angular momentum of light for communications

Structured light, especially beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), has gained much interest due to its unique amplitude and phase structures. In terms of communication systems, multiple orthogonal OAM beams can be potentially utilized for increasing link capacity in different scenarios. This review describes challenges, advances, and perspectives on different aspects of the OAM-based optical communications, including (a) OAM generation/detection and (de)multiplexing, (b) classical free-space optical communication links, (c) fiber-based communication links, (d) quantum communication links, (e) OAM-based communications in different frequency ranges, (f) OAM-based communications using integrated devices, and (g) novel structured beams for communications.
Vaccinia specific kinase inhibitory factor prevents translational inhibition by double-stranded RNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysate

Abstract Mouse L-cells infected with vaccinia virus produce a specific kinase inhibitory factor (SKIF) which inhibits the activation of the interferon-induced, double-stranded (ds)RNA-dependent, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-2 alpha-specific protein kinase in L-cell extracts (Whitaker-Dowling, P., and Younger, J. S., (1984) Virology 137, 171). The effects of a partially purified preparation of SKIF have been examined in cell-free extracts of rabbit reticulocytes. Both the phosphorylation state of eIF-2 and protein synthetic activity have been determined. SKIF inhibits the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF-2 by dsRNA-dependent eIF-2 alpha-kinase in reticulocyte lysate, but does not affect phosphorylation of eIF-2 by the heme-sensitive kinase. In addition to its effects on eIF-2 alpha-PKds activity, SKIF prevents dsRNA-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysate. In contrast, SKIF does not prevent the translational inhibition caused by hemin depletion. These data provide a direct correlation between the effects of SKIF on eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation and on protein synthetic activity and demonstrate the specificity of SKIF. The results also show that SKIF does not abolish dsRNA sensitivity, but increases the concentration of dsRNA required to activate the kinase and phosphorylate eIF-2.
Performance limits of gravity-assist heat pipes with simple wick structures

Experiments using gravity-assist heat pipes with simple wick structures were used to establish performance limits due to entrainment of the liquid by the counter-flowing vapor. A physical model is postulated which leads to a single correlation predicting entrainment limits for all data investigated. The characteristic length in the entrainment parameter is the depth of the wick structure and the model infers an upper bound on this parameter.
Treatment responsive GABA(B)-receptor limbic encephalitis presenting as new-onset super-refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in a deployed U.S. soldier

A 23-year-old, previously healthy, deployed U.S. soldier presented with bilateral temporal lobe seizures recalcitrant to multiple antiepileptic drugs and anti-seizure anaesthetic agents. He received methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, and rituximab for presumed autoimmune encephalitis before achieving seizure freedom. Six weeks after presentation, the aetiology of his refractory seizures was found to be due to autoantibodies targeting the anti-GABA(B)-receptor. This case is noteworthy for being the first reported case of anti-GABA(B)-receptor limbic encephalitis presenting with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), a clinical syndrome that often carries a grave prognosis and in which a treatable aetiology is often never discovered. Our case also supports testing for GABA-receptor autoantibodies and the upfront use of multi-modal immunotherapy in patients presenting with limbic encephalitis and new refractory seizures.
The Psychological Basis of Opportunity Identification: Entrepreneurial Alertness

Opportunity identification represents a unique entrepreneurial behavior yet its processes and dynamics remain mysterious. Entrepreneurial alertness, a distinctive set of perceptual and information-processing skills, has been advanced as the cognitive engine driving the opportunity identification process. To date, empirical support has been equivocal; however, these early studies suffer from fundamental mistakes in theory and method. These mistakes are examined and addressed. A research agenda for the systematic and conceptually sound study of entrepreneurial alertness and opportunity identification is outlined.
Denying or Delivering Services

SOCIAL WORK More than most other professions, social work has concerned itself with the goal of delivering services to all who are in need. At the same time, social workers are acutely aware that the current service system does not adequately meet the needs of many who seek assistance.1 This system is made up of a variety of loosely linked service organiza tions, each dealing with a specific popula tion group or a specific type of human prob lem.2 Instead of aid of all kinds being dis pensed to all people by the medieval priest —and later by the Charity Organization So ciety or the neighborhood settlement house —there are now many different agencies dealing with such problems as autism, alco holism, marital conflicts, unemployment, poverty, child abuse, sexual relationships, and mental illness. A basic difficulty with this system is that those seeking assistance from an agency frequently are denied ser vice or are merely referred elsewhere. The helping professions have expressed their concern with this problem, mentioning gaps in provision of service, breaks in con tinuity of care, lack of coordination of ser vice, and cracks in service systems through which clients are lost.3 Social workers, par ticularly, have been sensitive to these issues and have repeatedly stressed the importance of access to services and of interagency co ordination in service delivery.4 This ar ticle reviews the major dimensions of the problem of access and offers an organza tional analysis of it. A tabulation of some major studies of the outcome of applications for service indi cates the major consequences of processing applicants through the service delivery sys tem.5 Table 1 shows, for each study, the kind of agencies involved and the kind of responses made. Across the varied social agencies studied, an average of one-third (37.6 percent) of all persons who applied for service neither received it from the agency they approached nor were referred else where. The agency approached did not necessarily refuse services to these appli cants although they are listed in Table 1 as "rejected." Under "rejected" are appli cants whose contact with the agency may
CD4+ T cells from IL-10-deficient mice transfer susceptibility to NSAID-induced Rag colitis.

Products of arachidonic acid metabolism are important for mucosal homeostasis, because blockade of this pathway with an NSAID triggers rapid onset of severe colitis in the IL-10 knockout (IL-10−/−)...