cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploratory association study between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) high/low enzyme activity polymorphism and hypnotizability.

Only recently have studies of electrocortical activity, event-related potentials, and regional cerebral blood flow begun to shed light on the anatomical and neurobiological underpinnings of hypnosis. Since twin studies show a significant heritable component for hypnotizability, we were prompted to examine the role of a common, functional polymorphism in contributing to individual differences in hypnotizability. A group of 109 subjects (51 male, 59 female) were administered three psychological instruments and tested for the high/low enzyme activity COMT val-->met polymorphism. We observed a significant correlation between hypnotizability measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale (SHSS:C), ability to partition attention (Differential Attentional Processes Inventory or DAPI), and absorptive capacities (Tellegen Absorption Scale or TAS). The effect of COMT on the various dependent variables was initially examined by multivariate analysis that corrects for multiple testing. The dependent variables were SHSS:C hypnotizability scores, four attentional subscales of the DAPI, and TAS total score grouped by the COMT genotype (val/val, val/met, met/met) as the independent variable. Hotelling's Trace statistic was significant when scores were grouped by the COMT genotype (Hotelling's T(2) = 1.88, P = 0.04. Post-hoc testing using the Bonferroni correction shows that the only significant difference is between the val/met vs. the val/val COMT genotypes on hypnotizability. This association was significant for men but not for women. As for all case-control studies, these results need to be interpreted cautiously and require replication. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:771-774, 2000.
Voltage-frequency island partitioning for GALS-based networks-on-chip

Due to high levels of integration and complexity, the design of multi-core SoCs has become increasingly challenging. In particular, energy consumption and distributing a single global clock signal throughout a chip have become major design bottlenecks. To deal with these issues, a globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) design is considered for achieving low power consumption and modular design. Such a design style fits nicely with the concept of voltage-frequency islands (VFIs) which has been recently introduced for achieving fine-grain system-level power management. This paper proposes a design methodology for partitioning an NoC architecture into multiple VFIs and assigning supply and threshold voltage levels to each VFI. Simulation results show about 40% savings for a real video application and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in reducing the overall system energy consumption. The results and functional correctness are validated using an FPGA prototype for an NoC with multiple VFIs.
Familial (ATTR) amyloidosis misdiagnosed as the primary (AL) variant: a case report

Primary (AL) Amyloidosis is arguably the most recognizable variant of the disease with many classic signs. However, it has been argued that the Familial variant (ATTR) is actually more prevalent. It is less recognizable, however, as its spectrum of organ involvement is frequently much more limited. The two variants carry significantly different prognoses, have divergent treatment strategies, and very different implications for the family members of patients. There is now a small amount of data that would suggest Familial Amyloidosis may be misdiagnosed as the AL form 2-4% of the time as a result of laboratory error. Herein a case of Familial Amyloidosis initially mistaken for the AL form based on a false positive laboratory result is presented. This case illustrates the high index of suspicion required for proper diagnosis of this rare disease. Clinician awareness of the various forms of Amyloidosis and the potential for lab error is key to ensuring an accurate diagnosis. The two most common forms carry significantly different implications for treatment and for potential impact on relatives. A high index of suspicion is required particularly for the Familial form of Amyloidosis.
The Face behind the Mask: A Developmental Study.

Faces are a rich and available source of social information, and the representation for faces is robust in adults (i.e. the face detection effect; Purcell & Stewart, 1988). The current study compared the developmental trajectory of the robustness of face perception against the trajectory for a non-face object. Participants (5-35 years old) were presented with rapid (17 and 33 millisecond) presentations of face and house stimuli and were instructed to identify the object category of the stimulus (face or house). There was an interaction between object type and age such that the developmental slope for face identification was steeper than the slope for house identification for the 17-millisecond presentation. These data show that faces are processed in a different way than a non-face object during the period from middle childhood through adolescence and adulthood, and this differential processing may involve the massive amount of exposure we have to faces.
Rechargeable deep brain stimulation implantable pulse generators in movement disorders: patient satisfaction and conversion parameters.

Objectives Rechargeable (RC) implantable pulse generators (IPGs) for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in movement disorders have recently become available. No guidelines exist for parameter adjustment after conversion of non-RC to RC IPGs, or reports of patient satisfaction with RC IPGs when used as initial DBS device or after conversion from non-RC IPGs. Materials and Methods Patients who underwent placement of Activa RC IPG (Medtronic, Inc.) were surveyed by phone about device satisfaction. Their charts were retrospectively reviewed and DBS settings were analyzed. The stimulation settings before and after conversion to RC were compared. Results Thirty-one patients (age 15–90; 18 male) with movement disorders (nine Parkinson's disease, nine dystonia, eight essential tremor, five others) were identified. Twelve subjects had initial RC IPG implantation; 19 were converted from non-RC IPGs (Soletra; Medtronic, Inc.) 2–14 years after initial DBS implant (mean 6.3 ± 3.44 years). Twenty-six patients (17 conversions) were surveyed an average of 12.1 months since RC IPG implantation. Overall satisfaction with RC was high. Patients converted to RC were more likely to choose it again than those with initial RC. Patients denied differences in symptom control after conversion. Mean amplitude, pulse width, and frequency were slightly lower after conversion regardless of diagnosis and remained lower after three postconversion reprogramming with slow drift of amplitude back to preconversion settings, more in the GPi group. Conclusions RC IPGs in DBS for movement disorders are well received by patients as initial therapy and after conversion. Mild reduction in stimulation parameters might be allowed after conversion to RC IPG.
Applicant Attraction Strategies: An Organizational Perspective

Labor shortages, which are predicted to last into the next century, are expected to increase the importance of applicant attraction for organizations. Unfortunately, previous research has provided little unified theory or operational guidance for organizations that are confronted with such difficulties. In part, this is because much research has been framed from the applicant's, rather than the organization's, perspective. In addition, attraction-related theories and research are scattered across a variety of literatures, and often are identified with other topics (e.g., wage, motivation, or discrimination theories). Drawing on multiple literatures, this article develops a model of applicant attraction from the organization's perspective, which (a) outlines three strategies for enhancing applicant attraction, (b) proposes categories of contingency factors that are expected to affect the choice (and potential effectiveness) of alternative strategies, (c) suggests probable interrelationships among the strat...
Detecting the signatures of Uranus and Neptune

With more than 15 years since the first radial velocity discovery of a planet orbiting a Sun-like star, the time baseline for radial velocity surveys is now extending out beyond the orbit of Jupiter analogs. The sensitivity to exoplanet orbital periods beyond that of Saturn orbital radii however is still beyond our reach such that very few clues regarding the prevalence of ice giants orbiting solar analogs are available to us. Here we simulate the radial velocity, transit, and photometric phase amplitude signatures of the Solar System giant planets, in particular Uranus and Neptune, and assess their detectability. We scale these results for application to monitoring low-mass stars and compare the relative detection prospects with other potential methods, such as astrometry and imaging. These results quantitatively show how many of the existing techniques are suitable for the detection of ice giants beyond the snow line for late-type stars and the challenges that lie ahead for the detection true Uranus/Neptune analogs around solar-type stars.
Constrained Liners in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Overuse Syndrome: In the Affirmative

Instability after primary and revision total hip arthroplasty continues to be problematic for the surgeon. The use of constrained liners, which use a locking mechanism to capture the femoral head, has increased to help manage this problem. Constrained liners, however, present problems with acetabular component loosening, dissociation of the liner/shell interface, failure by breakage, and excessive polyethylene wear. Rather than resort to constrained liners, our approach has been to restore joint stability with large-diameter femoral heads. The advantages are increased range of motion due to more favorable head/neck ratio, increased resistance to dislocation due to increased jump distance, and the avoidance of skirted femoral heads. With the addition of cross-linked polyethylene, the volumetric wear associated with large heads is much decreased and makes this a viable option today.
An Interdependence Approach to Relationship Maintenance in Interracial Marriage

This study investigated the extent to which positive and negative maintenance communication predicted marital satisfaction and commitment in a sample of 90 individuals in an interracial marriage. An interdependence theory approach was used. Participants completed an online survey using SurveyMonkey's audience request. Results of a regression equation indicate that four maintenance activities predicted 52% of the variance in satisfaction, with two being negative predictors (infidelity and avoidance) and two being positive predictors (conflict management and social networks). Three maintenance behaviors predicted commitment, with infidelity and giving advice being negative predictors and the use of social networks being a positive predictor. Finally, consistent with interdependence theory, marital satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between maintenance activity and commitment.
Update in Midface and Panfacial Trauma Management

Panfacial fractures are often sequenced to repair from stable craniofacial structures to provide a framework. The purpose of this review will be to outline the literature and provide opinion on the current practice related to controversy in the management of midface and panfacial fractures. Three areas of concentration will be the use of intraoperative imaging, indications for antibiotic prophylaxis, and novel maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) materials. There has been increased exploration of intraoperative imaging; however, developing indications for use is limited by currently available cost-effectiveness and outcome data. Guidance for antibiotic usage is also limited, particularly by inadequate high-level evidence. Alternatives to the traditional interdental wiring for MMF are being investigated as a potentially faster and safer method. Current data and future explorations are discussed in this review.
Virus-mediated EpoR76E Therapy Slows Optic Nerve Axonopathy in Experimental Glaucoma

Glaucoma, a common cause of blindness, is currently treated by intraocular pressure (IOP)–lowering interventions. However, this approach is insufficient to completely prevent vision loss. Here, we evaluate an IOP-independent gene therapy strategy using a modified erythropoietin, EPO-R76E, which has reduced erythropoietic function. We used two models of glaucoma, the murine microbead occlusion model and the DBA/2J mouse. Systemic recombinant adeno-associated virus–mediated gene delivery of EpoR76E (rAAV.EpoR76E) was performed concurrent with elevation of IOP. Axon structure and active anterograde transport were preserved in both models. Vision, as determined by the flash visual evoked potential, was preserved in the DBA/2J. These results show that systemic EpoR76E gene therapy protects retinal ganglion cells from glaucomatous degeneration in two different models. This suggests that EPO targets a component of the neurodegenerative pathway that is common to both models. The efficacy of rAAV.EpoR76E delivered at onset of IOP elevation supports clinical relevance of this treatment.
CALLING SONG DISPLACEMENT IN A ZONE OF OVERLAP AND HYBRIDIZATION

The ground crickets Allonemobius fasciatus and A. socius meet in a mosaic zone of overlap and hybridization stretching from the East Coast to at least Illinois. To test whether male calling song differences were enhanced in sympatry, we analyzed the songs of crickets from inside and outside the zone of overlap along two transects. No evidence of calling song displacement was found in A. socius males from populations within the zone of overlap. On the other hand, A. fasciatus displayed calling song displacement in three populations. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the selective pressure exerted by the challenge from a related species is frequency dependent. While not a conclusive demonstration, the observed shifts in calling song are strongly suggestive of reproductive character displacement.
Paromomycin for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS: a prospective, double-blind trial

To test the effects of paromomycin, 10 patients with AIDS and cryptosporidiosis were randomized to paromomycin or placebo in a double-blind trial. After 14 days, patients were switched to the other treatment for 14 additional days. Measures included the number and character of each stool and weekly 24-h stool specimens for weight and oocyst excretion. During the paromomycin treatment phase, oocyst excretion decreased from 314 x 10(6) to 109 x 10(6)24 h (P < .02). Oocyst excretion increased for the 4 patients initially on placebo compared to a median decrease of 128 x 10(6)/24 h for the 6 initially treated with drug (P < .02). Stool frequency also decreased more in those treated with drug (3.6 fewer vs. 1.25 fewer/24 h, P < .05). Trends favored drug over placebo for stool weight, stool character, and Karnofsky score. Paromomycin treatment resulted in improvement in both clinical and parasitologic parameters in cryptosporidiosis in AIDS.
Reducing Power, Leakage, and Area of Standard-Cell ASICs Using Threshold Logic Flip-Flops

In this paper, we describe a new approach to reduce dynamic power, leakage, and area of application-specified integrated circuits, without sacrificing performance. The approach is based on a design of threshold logic gates (TLGs) and their seamless integration with conventional standard-cell design flow. We first describe a new robust, standard-cell library of configurable circuits for implementing threshold functions. Abstractly, the threshold gate behaves as a multi-input, single-output, edge-triggered flip-flop, which computes a threshold function of the inputs on the clock edge. The library consists of a small number of cells, each of which can compute a set of complex threshold functions, which would otherwise require a multilevel network. The function realized by a given threshold gate is determined by how signals are mapped to its inputs. We present a method for the assignment of signals to the inputs of a threshold gate to realize a given threshold function. Next, we present an algorithm that replaces a subset of flip-flops and portions of their logic cones in a conventional logic netlist, with threshold gates from the library. The resulting circuits, with both conventional and TLGs (called hybrid circuits), are placed and routed using commercial tools. We demonstrate significant reductions (using postlayout simulations) in power, leakage, and area of the hybrid circuits when compared with the conventional logic circuits, when both are operated at the maximum possible frequency of the conventional design.
Cryotherapy for breast fibroadenomas.

PURPOSE: To assess freezing protocols, imaging, and clinical outcomes of percutaneous ultrasonographically (US)-guided cryotherapy for breast fibroadenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and patient consent were obtained. Forty-two biopsy-confirmed fibroadenomas were treated in 29 patients (mean age, 27 years) by using a 2.4-mm cryoprobe inserted into the fibroadenoma with US guidance. The first seven patients underwent conscious sedation, but the other 22 patients required only local anesthesia. US and thermocouple monitoring of the procedure were performed to evaluate freeze protocols based on tumor size. Saline injections protected the skin and/or chest wall. US follow-up was performed at 1 week and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Pre- and 12-month postcryotherapy mammograms were available for seven patients who were over 30 years old. χ2 and Student t tests were used to assess frequency and mean differences, respectively. RESULTS: The 22 patients who underwent local anesthesia ...
What stays the same in orbitofrontal cortex.

Researchers show that orbitofrontal neurons perform the same value-related computations across different decisions. Value computations are therefore a critical feature around which orbitofrontal representations are organized.
Physical Principle of Optical Tweezers

Chapter 2 introduces the basic principle of optical tweezers, and the differences between trapping microspheres in air and in water.
Characteristics and Performance of Surfaces Created by Various Finishing Methods (Invited Paper)

Abstract The functional performance of mechanical components depends on their surface characteristics, surface integrity and geometric accuracy. It is critical to understand the influence of these surface properties on product performance, so the manufacturing processes can be designed to deliver the required performance. This paper presents the influence of surface characteristics on functional performance including surface topography, surface 2D/3D parameters, tribological parameters and residual stresses. It then discusses the surface properties created by various finishing methods such as hard turning, grinding, superfinishing, mass finishing, etc. Finally, it provides guidelines for the design and selection of finishing processes in order to yield the critical product performance characteristics.
Gadonanotube materials as new intracellular MRI contrast agents for stem cell labeling

Stem cells possess great potential for different medical applications and every year more investigators join this field of study. As interest in stem cells has increased, it has become essential to track the cells in vivo in order to study their biodistribution and possible tissue accumulation. Here, we review the use of two new carbon nanotube-based contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) called Gadonanotube (GNT) materials, which contain Gd 3+ -ion clusters or Gd 3+ chelates within the sidewall cavities of 20-80 nm long carbon nanotube (CNT) capsules. These ultra-high-performance T 1 -weighted CAs have been use to label a number of mammalian cells, including porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells without any observed cytotoxicity. Furthermore, various in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have demonstrated the safety and potential of these new CNT-based materials as intracellular CA labels for stem cell tracking by MRI.
Microearthquake spectra in the southeastern United States

abstract Displacement spectra from microearthquakes in the Clark Hill Reservoir Area and the Jocassee Reservoir Area, both in the Piedmont Crystalline Province, showed similar spectral properties typified by a sharp spectral corner, ω-cubic, high-frequency decay and ratios of P - and S -wave corner frequencies predominantly greater than unity. Displacement spectra from microearthquakes in the Maryville Tennessee Area in the Folded Appalachian Province showed transitional spectral corners, ω-square or less high-frequency decay and a ratio of P - to S -wave corner frequencies less than or equal to unity. These spectral characteristics are interpreted as evidence for a possible regional variation in the earthquake mechanism. The Clark Hill and Jocassee spectral characteristics are best explained by an earthquake mechanism typical of an equidimensional fault which nucleates rupture at a point of high resistance to slip and ruptures at a velocity greater than the S -wave velocity along an existing fracture. The Maryville spectral characteristics are best explained by rupture at velocities less than the S -wave velocity along faults which may show premature arrest of movement.
Advances in pathogenesis research of hypoproteinemia in infectious diseases

Hypoproteinemia is a common clinical complication in many diseases, which could affect the disease prognosis, particularly in critical illness. Low serum albumin level often precludes dangerous conditions and poor prognosis. In the pediatric clinical practice, hypoalbuminemia is commonly seen in acute infection. Therefore, the mechanism of infection-induced hypoalbuminemia should be emphasized, which plays a crucial role in modifying clinical interventions and reducing the mortality rate. But the mechanism of hypoalbuminemia has not yet been fully clarified at present. In this article,the possible mechanism of infectioninduced hypoproteinemia is investigated from the albumin catabolism, synthesis, distribution of abnormalities,half-life, protein-losing enteropathy and so on. Key words: Hypoproteinemia; Infectious diseases; Pathogenesis
Impact of a modified anti-thrombotic guideline on stroke in children supported with a pediatric ventricular assist device.

Background Stroke is the most feared complication associated with the Berlin Heart EXCOR pediatric ventricular assist device (VAD), the most commonly used VAD in children, and affects 1 in 3 children. We sought to determine whether a modified anti-thrombotic guideline, involving more intense platelet inhibition and less reliance on platelet function testing, is associated with a lower incidence of stroke. Methods All children supported with the EXCOR at Stanford from 2009 to 2014 were divided into 2 cohorts based on the primary anti-thrombotic guideline used to prevent pump thrombosis: (1) the Edmonton Anti-thrombotic Guideline (EG) cohort, which included children implanted before September 2012 when dual anti-platelet therapy was used with doses titrated to Thromboelastrography/PlateletMapping (TEG/PM); and (2) the Stanford Modified Anti-thrombotic Guideline (SG) cohort, which included children implanted on or after September 2012 when triple anti-platelet therapy was used routinely and where doses were uptitrated to high, weight-based dosing targets, with low-dose steroids administered as needed for inflammation. Results At baseline, the EG ( N = 16) and SG ( N = 11) cohorts were similar. The incidence rate of stroke in the SG cohort was 84% lower than in the EG cohort (0.8 vs 4.9 events per 1,000 days of support, p = 0.031), and 86% lower than in the previous Investigational Device Exemption trial ( p = 0.006). The bleeding rate was also lower in the SG cohort ( p = 0.015). Target doses of aspirin, clopidogrel and dipyridamole were higher (all p p = 0.008). Conclusions Stroke was significantly less common in pediatric patients supported with the Berlin Heart EXCOR VAD using a triple anti-platelet regimen uptitrated to high, weight-based dosing targets as compared with the dual anti-platelet regimen titrated to PM, and without a higher risk of bleeding. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
String Theory and the Multiverse

Much of the research in particle physics has been inspired by the quest for a unified, fundamental theory of Nature. The hope is that beneath the plurality of particles and forces, there is a single mathematical law that governs all natural phenomena. A major step towards the unification of forces was the development of the electroweak theory.
PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CULTIVATED MARIJUANA, CANNABIS SATIVA, IN NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI

During the growing seasons of 1983 and 1985, a general survey of insects associated with cultivated marijuana, Cannabis sativa, on the University of Mississippi campus was conducted. Of the species collected that were using the plants for food, the majority (43) were sap feeders, 15 were leaf chewers, nine ate or gathered pollen and one was possibly a root feeder. Only sap feeders appeared to be successfully reproducing on the marijuana. Species collected in greatest abundance were Agallia constricta and Graphocephala versuta (Cicadellidae), Spissistillus festinus (Membracidae), Clastoptera xanthocephala (Ceropidae), Halticus bractatus (Miridae), Systena elongata (Chrysomelidae) and Schizocerella pilicornis (Argidae).
Naming State Crimes, Naming the Dead: Immigration Policy and “The New Disappeared” in the United States and Mexico

Thousands of Mexican and Central American migrants have died in their journey toward the United States in the past two decades. In both the United States and Mexico, many of the dead remain unidentified due to a lack of standardized DNA testing and the lack of political will to identify migrant remains. US immigration policies as well as neoliberal economic policies in Mexico and Central America which have displaced rural and urban workers have produced the current “disappeared” along the US-Mexico border and along Mexico’s vertical border, extending over 1,000 miles from Central America to the United States. A focus on the individual responsibility of coyotes and narco-traffickers and even on the supposed recklessness and ignorance of migrants themselves cover up the fact that these deaths are state crimes – the deaths are known outcomes of state policies that criminalize the working poor and militarize borders. This chapter explores the reasons state-driven violence may be “missed,” ignored, or simply dismissed as the fault of migrants themselves. Finally, it examines the ways migrants, their families and loved ones, and other members of civil society seek to identify and remember the dead, protest violence against migrants, and demand the defense of immigrant rights.
Modeling by correlation of the human hand for application in the robotic hand

This study aims to apply the synergy of human hand fingers in a robotic hand. Linear regression was used to study the movements. The work contributes to defining robotic models similar to human synergy. As a result an algorithm was obtained that applies the necessary movements in the robotic hand so that it reproduces movements similar to those of the human hands.
The Effect of Pharmacy-Driven Education on the Amount of Appropriately Administered Tetanus Vaccines in the Emergency Department.

Background: Tetanus vaccinations for wound prophylaxis are routinely administered in emergency departments (ED). Current recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) an...
Site identity, artifact duplication, and disambiguation in Alabama Local Emergency Management Agencies (LEMAs)

Local Emergency Management Agencies (LEMAs) are vital components of the U.S. National Incident Management System (NIMS). As such, their official digital presences need to be identifiable as official and should not have to compete with other digital artifacts, including web pages and whole sites, that can be mistaken for official presences. After exploring the nature of digital identity, this study examines the prevalence of competing digital artifacts and the common sources of these artifacts, such as legacy sites and hosted development sites. The study also explores ways some sites disambiguate between artifacts that represent their organizations versus those of similarly named organizations. The findings lead to several recommendations for best practices.
μ − e + dilepton production in charged-current ν μ interactions

The production of {mu}{sup {minus}}{ital e+} dileptons by muon neutrinos is studied in a high-statistics bubble-chamber experiment. The experiment consisted of exposing the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber filled with a heavy Ne-H{sub 2} mix to a wideband neutrino beam. In a total sample of 146 700{plus minus}11 700 charged-current interactions, 461 events with an {ital e}{sup +}({ital P}{sub {ital e}}{sup +}{gt}300 MeV/{ital c}) and a {mu}{sup {minus}} are observed. The rate for {mu}{sup {minus}}{ital e+} dilepton production in measured to be (0.42{plus minus}0.06)%. The energy dependence of this rate is presented. The kinematic distributions for the {mu}{sup {minus}}{ital e+} events are consistent with charm production and subsequent semileptonic decay. A total of 60 {ital K}{sub {ital S}}{sup 0} and 31 {Lambda}{sup 0} decays were observed in the {mu}{sup {minus}}{ital e+} event sample. The measured rates for neutral-strange-particle production are 0.78{plus minus}0.12 K{sup 0}/{ital {bar K}}{sup 0}'s and 0.19{plus minus}0.04 {Lambda}{sup 0}'s per {mu}{sup {minus}}{ital e+} event. Finally, rates for {Lambda}{sub {ital c}}{sup +}, {ital D}{sup 0}, and {ital D}{sup +} production in charged-current {nu}{sub {mu}} interactions are derived. They are found to be (4{sub {minus}2}{sup +10})%, (1.7{sub {minus}0.7}{sup +0.5})%, and (1.3{sub {minus}0.5}{sup +0.4})%, respectively.
Pseudomonas hydrocarbon oxidation.

In this paper we will withdraw from the complex world of mixed cultures and multiple substrates that characterize polluted ecosystems and treatment facilities to discuss a simple model system involving petri dishes, vapor phase pure substrates, and genetically defined bacterial strains. The laboratory situation is no less “real” than any other and has many important lessons to teach us if we are ever to be in a position to design pollutant-degrading organisms with the same level of sophistication now employed to produce medically important polypeptides. One of the major points to be made is that even a hydrocarbon oxidation system chosen for maximum simplicity reveals a genetic complexity that is beyond our current understanding.
Decade Long Trends (2001–2011) in the Incidence Rates of Initial Acute Myocardial Infarction

Despite the magnitude and impact of acute coronary disease, there are limited population-based data in the United States describing relatively recent trends in the incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The objectives of this study were to describe decade long (2001–2011) trends in the incidence rates of initial hospitalized episodes of AMI, with further stratification of these rates by age, sex, and type of AMI, in residents of central Massachusetts hospitalized at 11 area medical centers. The study population consisted of 3,737 adults hospitalized with a first AMI at 11 medical centers in central Massachusetts on a biennial basis between 2001 and 2011. The median age of this study population was 70 years, 57% were men, and 90% were white. Patients hospitalized during the most recent study years (2009/11) were younger, more likely to be men, have more co-morbidities, and less in-hospital complications as compared with those in the earliest study years (2001/03). The overall age-adjusted hospital incidence rates (per 100,000 persons) of initial AMI declined (from 319 to 163), for men (from 422 to 219), women (from 232 to 120), for patients with a ST segment elevation (129 to 56), and for those with an non-ST segment elevation (190 to 107) between 2001 and 2011, respectively. In conclusion, the incidence rates of initial AMI declined appreciably in residents of central Massachusetts who were hospitalized with AMI during the years under study.
Doxorubicin-loaded protease-activated near-infrared fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles for imaging and therapy of cancer

Introduction Despite significant progress in the field of oncology, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death. Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatment options for cancer patients but is well known to result in off-target toxicity. Theranostic nanomedicines that integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functions within an all-in-one platform can increase tumor selectivity for more effective chemotherapy and aid in diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic responses. Material and methods In this work, theranostic nanoparticles were synthesized with commonly used biocompatible and biodegradable polymers and used as cancer contrast and therapeutic agents for optical imaging and treatment of breast cancer. These core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation of blends of the biodegradable and biocompatible amphiphilic copolymers poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly-l-lysine and poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol). Poly-l-lysine in the first copolymer was covalently decorated with near-infrared fluorescent Alexa Fluor 750 molecules. Results The spherical nanoparticles had an average size of 60-80 nm. The chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin was encapsulated in the core of nanoparticles at a loading of 3% (w:w) and controllably released over a period of 30 days. A 33-fold increase in near-infrared fluorescence, mediated by protease-mediated cleavage of the Alexa Fluor 750-labeled poly-l-lysine on the surface of the nanoparticles, was observed upon interaction with the model protease trypsin. The cytocompatibility of drug-free nanoparticles and growth inhibition of drug-loaded nanoparticles on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were investigated with a luminescence cell-viability assay. Drug-free nanoparticles were found to cause minimal toxicity, even at high concentrations (0.2-2,000 µg/mL), while doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability at drug concentrations >10 µM. Finally, the interaction of the nanoparticles with breast cancer cells was studied utilizing fluorescence microscopy, demonstrating the potential of the nanoparticles to act as near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging agents and drug-delivery carriers. Conclusion Doxorubicin-loaded, enzymatically activatable nanoparticles of less than 100 nm were prepared successfully by nanoprecipitation of copolymer blends. These nanoparticles were found to be suitable as controlled drug delivery systems and contrast agents for imaging of cancer cells.
A Low-Power Neuromorphic System for Real-Time Visual Activity Recognition

We describe a high-accuracy, real-time, neuromorphic method and system for activity recognition in streaming or recorded videos from static and moving platforms that can detect even small objects and activities with high-accuracy. Our system modifies and integrates multiple independent algorithms into an end-to-end system consisting of five primary modules: object detection, object tracking, convolutional neural network image feature extractor, recurrent neural network sequence feature extractor, and an activity classifier. We also integrate neuromorphic principles of foveated detection similar to how the retina works in the human visual system and the use of contextual knowledge about activities to filter the activity recognition results. We mapped the complete activity recognition pipeline to the COTS NVIDIA Tegra TX2 development kit and demonstrate real-time activity recognition from streaming drone videos at less than 10 W power consumption.
Bandwidth scanning when the rivals are subjective

In this paper we consider how subjectivity affects the problem of scanning spectrum bands, and the impact on both the scanner and invader’s strategy. To model such subjective behavior, we formulate a prospect theoretical (PT) extension of the Bayesian bandwidth scanning game where the Scanner knows only a priori probabilities about what type of intrusion (e.g. regular intensity or low intensity) occurs in the spectrum bands. Existence and uniqueness of the PT Bayesian equilibrium is proven. Moreover, these PT Bayesian equilibrium strategies are derived in closed form as functions of the detection probabilities associated with different invader types. Waterfilling equations are derived, which allows one to determine these detection probabilities. Bands where the Invader’s strategies have band-sharing form are identified. The sensitivity of the strategies to the subjective factors and a priori probabilities are numerically illustrated.
Moshe Dayan: “Israel’s No. 1 Hero” (in America)

This study explores how and why Moshe Dayan became the symbol of the modern Israeli hero in American culture. Through an examination of variegated evidence it is possible to discern patterns that i...
Emergence and Characterization of the p23 Molecular Chaperone

The p23 molecular chaperone is an abundant eukaryotic protein that shares genetic and physical connections to a variety of proteins working in diverse biological processes including protein transport, ribosome biogenesis, transcription activation, and chromatin remodeling. Here, we describe the initial founding of the p23 chaperone along with the early discoveries related to p23’s function, its relationship to small heat shock proteins and other CHORD and Sgt1 (CS)-domain-containing factors, p23’s biological relevancies in different cellular pathways, and how this chaperone has been exploited by both parasites and viruses. Finally, we discuss the correlation between p23 levels and cancerous cell growth.
Tumor-Treating Field Arrays Do Not Reduce Target Volume Coverage for Glioblastoma Radiation Therapy.

Abstract Purpose To inform development of procedures for using tumor-treating field arrays (TTFields) during glioblastoma radiation therapy by determining whether the placement and repositioning of arrays affects target volume coverage and cranial skin dose. Methods and Materials Radiation plans from 10 consecutive patients treated for glioblastoma were copied to a cranial phantom and reoptimized for phantom anatomy. Dose distributions were then recalculated on 3 additional computed tomographic scans of the phantom with the TTFields electrode arrays placed over distinct locations on the phantom scalp to compare planning target volume (PTV) coverage and skin dose with and without TTFields in place in varying positions. Percent depth dose curves were also measured for radiation beams passing through the electrodes and compared with commonly used bolus material. Results The presence of TTFields arrays decreased PTV V97% and D97% by as much as 1.7% and 2.7%, respectively, for a single array position, but this decrease was mitigated by array repositioning. On averaging the 3 array positions, there was no statistically significant difference in any dosimetric parameter of PTV coverage (V95-97%, D95-97%) across all cases compared with no array. Mean increases in skin D1cc and D20cc of 3.1% were calculated for the cohort. Surface dose for TTFields electrodes was less than that with a 5-mm superflab bolus. Conclusions Our work demonstrates that placement of TTFields arrays does not significantly affect target volume coverage. We show that repositioning of TTFields arrays, as is required in clinical use, further minimizes any dosimetric changes and eliminates the need for replanning when arrays are moved. A slight, expected bolus effect is observed, but the calculated increases in skin dose are not clinically significant. These data support the development of clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of combining concurrent chemoradiotherapy with TTFields therapy for glioblastoma.
Exploring the Evidence Implicating the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the Physiopathology of Mood Disorders

Mood disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD) and variations of both. Mood disorders has a public health significance with high comorbidity, suicidal mortality and economic burden on the health system. Research related to mood disorders has evolved over the years to relate it with systemic conditions. The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) has been noticed to play major physiological roles beyond renal and cardiovascular systems. Recent studies have linked RAS not only with neuro-immunological processes, but also with psychiatric conditions like mood and anxiety disorders. In this comprehensive review, we integrated basic and clinical studies showing the associations between RAS and mood disorders. Animal studies on mood disorders models - either depression or mania - were focused on the reversal of behavioral and/or cognitive symptoms through the inhibition of RAS components like the Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor (AT1) or Mas receptors. ACE polymorphisms, namely insertion-deletion (I/D), were linked to mood disorders and suicidal behavior. Hypertension was associated with neurocognitive deficits in mood disorders, which reversed with RAS inhibition. Low levels of RAS components (renin activity or aldosterone) and mood symptoms improvement with ACE inhibitors or AT1 blockers were also observed in mood disorders. Overall, this review reiterates the strong and under-researched connection between RAS and mood disorders.
Spatial organization of palmitoyl acyl transferases governs substrate localization and function

Protein palmitoylation is a critical posttranslational modification that regulates protein trafficking, localization, stability, sorting and function. In mammals, addition of this lipid modification onto proteins is mediated by a family of 23 palmitoyl acyl transferases (PATs). PATs often palmitoylate substrates in a promiscuous manner, precluding our understanding of how these enzymes achieve specificity for their substrates. Despite generous efforts to identify consensus motifs defining PAT-substrate specificity, it remains to be determined whether additional factors beyond interaction motifs, such as local palmitoylation, participate in PAT-substrate selection. In this review, we emphasize the role of local palmitoylation, in which substrates are palmitoylated and trapped in the same subcellular compartments as their PATs, as a mechanism of enzyme-substrate specificity. We focus here on non-Golgi-localized PATs, as physical proximity to their substrates enables them to engage in local palmitoylation, compared to Golgi PATs, which often direct trafficking of their substrates elsewhere. PAT subcellular localization may be an under-recognized, yet important determinant of PAT-substrate specificity that may work in conjunction or completely independently of interaction motifs. We also discuss some current hypotheses about protein motifs that contribute to localization of non-Golgi-localized PATs, important for the downstream targeting of their substrates.
Laser pulse driven control of charge and spin order in the two-dimensional Kondo lattice

Fast and dynamical control of quantum phases is highly desired in the application of quantum phenomena in devices. On the experimental side, ultrafast laser pulses provide an ideal platform to induce femtosecond dynamics in a variety of materials. Here we show that a laser pulse driven heavy fermion system can be tuned to dynamically evolve into a phase, which is not present in equilibrium. Using the state-of-the-art time-dependent variational Monte Carlo method, we perform numerical simulations of realistic laser pulses applied to the Kondo lattice model. By tracking spin and charge degrees of freedom we identify a dynamical phase transition, within the partially Kondo screened phase, from a charge ordered into a metallic state, while preserving the spin order of the system. We propose using high-harmonic generation and nonequilibrium optical conductivity to identify the dynamical phase transition in an ultrafast experiment.
The Differential Importance of Component Skills on Reading Comprehension Test Performance Among Struggling Adolescent Readers

Reading comprehension tests vary in format and characteristics, which may influence the extent to which component skills are involved in test performance. With students in Grades 6 to 8 with readin...
Recent Advances in quantitative dynamic PET imaging of neuroendocrine tumors

Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a standard art of molecular imaging technology for visualization and quantitative assessment of biochemical and physiopathological activity at cellular and molecular levels in humans and laboratory animals. Tracer kinetic modeling approach developed and validated in last decades is now widely used to extract parameters from dynamic PET data. In the study of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), the kinetic parameters such as tracer uptake rate constant Ki estimated from dynamic PET with FDA approved 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-DOTATATE tracers are suggested to improve the accuracy of NET detection, characterization, grading, staging, and predicting/monitoring NET responses to treatment including peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The whole-body parametric Ki images generated from shortened dynamic PET using robust parametric imaging algorithm such as machine learning-based approach is potential for clinical and research in NET. In addition, dynamic PET can provide valuable information, such as biological distribution and radiation dose in tissue, in the study of new radioactive tracer in NET. It is expected that quantitative dynamic PET imaging in NET will be widely used for the imaging of somatostatin receptors and evaluation of therapeutic drugs and probes.
Response to Intrarenal Perfusion and Angiotensin II Levels Regulate In Vivo Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Imaging in the Kidney

We appreciate Dr Zhuo’s1 interest in our work on PET imaging of the renal AT1 receptor (AT1R) in a swine model of renal artery stenosis. One of the challenges of PET receptor studies is separation of signals representing nonspecific and receptor-specific radioligand accumulation. We had performed 3 measurements to support our concept that retention of [11C]KR31173 in late PET images was unlikely to represent nonspecific binding or free luminal [11C]KR311732: 1. We used the impulse response function to eliminate effects of radioligand recirculation. 2. We measured receptor expression with PET as well as in vitro and found …
Advances in Bovine Digital Diseases

A full week was devoted to discussion, sometimes heated, of bovine digital problems at a meeting organized by the British Cattle Veterinary Association in Liverpool, England, July 16-20, 1990. The first and last days, confined to members of the international study group on diseases of the ruminant digit (sixth meeting) involved twenty papers and considerable discussion on recent observations and studies. The three intervening days' program was a forum for an "Update in Cattle Lameness" (US $20 or £12 sterling post free from Dr. R. D. Murray, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Liverpool Field Station, "Leahurst", Neaton, S. Wirral, Cheshire L64 7TE, England) attended by over 200 veterinarians and others, including large, predominantly European and Japanese contingents. This study was conceived in response to NCA's resolution to encourage biological and pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide tissue reaction data on all animal health products and to encourage development of acceptable alternative routes of administration to the problematic IM method.
Still Alive: Reflections on Carcerality, Arts and Culturally Responsive Teaching.

In this article I reflect on my experiences as a previously incarcerated individual being involved in theatre performance for the first time. I reflect on how my involvement in arts and education p...