cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Removing the automatic target recognition performance evaluation bottleneck: the C2NVEO AUTOSPEC facility

The near-real-time end-to-end evaluation of automatic target recognizers has been a reality in the laboratory environment for several years. Depending on the reliability of ground truth data, i.e., target location and sensor location in three dimensions and sensor pointing angle, field test evaluations could also be conducted at near real-time rates. End-to end evaluations, however, are inadequate for producing the quantity and quality of data needed for understanding both successes and failures of automatic recognition. The C2NVEO has developed a facility, called AUTOSPEC, for the expressed purpose of extracting intermediate data from processors. Once extracted, the data are stored in a relational database for subsequent analysis. The facility includes both the hardware and a number of software tools, developed at C2NVEO, designed to allow ready access to ground truth data, images, metrics, processor parameters, processor intermediate decisions, and processor final decisions. This paper presents the structure of the system and demonstrations of the tools developed.
A hybrid stock synthesis—Virtual population analysis model of Pacific bluefin tuna

Abstract The fishery selectivity or availability of younger ages of highly mobile species can be strongly influenced by changes in environmental conditions or fishery targeting, and may not conform to the parametric selectivity curves commonly used in integrated assessment models such as stock synthesis (SS), which could lead to unreliable results. In contrast, a virtual population analysis (VPA) makes no assumptions regarding selectivity of ages younger than those used to link cohorts, and should provide a reliable solution for those ages, without adverse impacts on other aspects of the assessment. We propose a “hybrid” model where young ages are disconnected from the integrated model's selectivity curves for older fish, and are modeled as a VPA. Catches of young fish are removed from the individual fishery landings and are aggregated to form “artificial” single-age fisheries with unit selectivity, so that fishing mortality rates can be estimated directly, thus emulating a VPA for the youngest ages. This is especially useful when there are a large number of independent fleets. Applying this exploratory model to an SS assessment of Pacific bluefin tuna ( Thunnus orientalis ) with 10 fleets indicates that fishing mortality rates since 1990 may be higher than are estimated by the currently accepted integrated model, and that current spawning biomass may be lower by nearly half. Estimated annual recruitments from the two models are nearly identical.
Smolder waves, smolder spots, and the genesis of tribrachial structures in smolder combustion

Abstract We examine the evolution of reverse smolder waves with edges, motivated by the existing literature on edge-flames. An advancing smolder edge proves to be of little interest, and a well-defined invariant structure does not emerge following initial transients. A retreating smolder edge also lacks invariant structure, but retreats at a reasonably well-defined speed and can lead to novel structures and novel evolutions. Thus, a transient propagating smolder spot can be generated; and a tribrachial structure evolves from this spot with a tail that has the form of a forward smolder wave, and two leading branches, fuel-lean and fuel-rich reverse smolder waves. High temperatures and high reaction rates accompany these evolutions, and it is noted that this could lead to flaming (gas-phase) combustion.
Radar observations of Icarus

Abstract The minor planet Icarus was observed with the 3.8-cm Haystack radar from 12 to 15 June 1968. Weak but significant echoes were detected indicating a radar cross section of about 0.1 km2, a radius of about 1 km, and an effective reflectivity of about 0.05. These results have an uncertainty of about a factor of 2.
A magnetic amplifier for amplifying spin-wave signal

Spin-wave based devices [1, 2] have been shown to be promising for parallel data processing at high speed. However, no gain with current spin-wave de vice and large dam ping of spin-wave signals lim it their application, especially in cascaded signal processing. In this talk, we re port a prototype spin-wave amplifier with a power gain controlled by a pump power input.
Staffing patterns of American methadone maintenance programs

Methadone maintenance is the most frequently utilized treatment for heroin addiction and also represents one of the best AIDS-prevention tools for the IV drug using population. Despite these important roles, very little has been reported about how methadone maintenance clinics are staffed. Surveys covering various aspects of program operations, including staffing, were sent to all clinics (N = 557) listed in the 1984 National Directory of Drug Abuse and Alcohol Treatment Programs. Using ANOVA, staffing patterns were compared across programs as a function of clinic size, city size, region of the country, and funding resources. While few differences were found based on city or clinic size, staffing patterns varied as a function of regional location as well as the sources of a clinic's funding.
Differences in C/EBPs in normal tissue and papillomas of the larynx

Transcription factors belonging to the family of CAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) programme differentiation in a wide variety of cells. We asked about the expression of C/EBPs in squamous epithelium. Using immunohistochemistry, C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta were easily detected in tissue sections from normal larynx or laryngeal papillomas, benign tumours with a papillomavirus aetiology and characterized by abnormal differentiation. A temporal expression of these C/EBPs occured as keratinocytes differentiated. In both tissues, C/EBPbeta appeared to be exclusively nuclear. In normal tissue, the greatest amount of C/EBPbeta was present in the spinous layer, and much less occurred in the granular layer. The basal layer of the laryngeal papillomas contained the most C/EBPbeta. Less was present in the spinous layer. Little C/EBPbeta was in the granular layer. Much C/EBPalpha was in the cytoplasm in both tissues. In normal tissue, nuclear C/EBPalpha staining was virtually absent in the basal layer, and became present in the spinous layer. Nuclear C/EBPalpha was randomly distributed in all layers in papillomas. Using immunoblots and Southwestern blots, we detected abundant truncated isoforms of C/EBPalpha in the papillomas. Since differentiation of many tissues is determined by the relative amounts of different C/EBPs, our data supports a role for C/EBPs in the differentiation of squamous epithelium.
Raman Spectra of Vitreous B 2 O 3 and of Some B 2 O 3 -Bi 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 Glasses

Raman spectra, with polarizations, are given for a series of B2O3–Bi2O3–Al2O3 glasses in the composition range 0–96 wt% Bi2O3. The spectra of the mixed glasses are different from that of B2O3 except at the lowest Bi2O3 concentration. The low-wavenumber region of the mixed glasses changes in a systematic fashion, with change in composition, but, over-all, the spectra are remarkably insensitive to composition.
Nonlinear control for maneuvering multiple flexible mode systems

This paper derives closed-loop control laws using a phase-plane approach for flexible structures having two flexible modes. The flexible modes are addressed by using multi-mode input shapers to shape the time-optimal control for the rigid body portion of the system, and then the altered rigid body phase-plane trajectories resulting from this shaping are solved and used to determine a closed-loop controller. Both "convolution" and "simultaneous" method multi-mode input shapers are considered. Simulations show that the derived control laws applied to a disk drive system yield near time-optimal performance without unwanted residual vibrations.
Training, work experiences, and professional identity of applied sociology M.A. graduates

Although much interest in applied sociology has been generated in the past decade, little empirical data exist on the experiences of applied sociology graduates, particularly at the M.A. level. This paper is a modest attempt to remedy this situation by reporting on the training, work experiences, and professional identity of a group of 68 graduates of one applied program. Our findings indicate that these graduates are very successful in pursuing careers in a wide variety of work roles and work settings, although in general their professional identity is not that of a sociologist.
Polylactide/polyglycolide antibiotic implants in the treatment of osteomyelitis. A canine model

Osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus aureus was established in the tibiae of twenty-six adult mongrel dogs. After confirmation of infection at four weeks, all animals had operative debridement and were then divided into three treatment groups. Group 1 (eight animals [sixteen tibiae]) was treated with parenteral administration of gentamicin (three milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day) every eight hours for four weeks. Group 2 (nine animals [nine tibiae]) was treated with a polymethylmethacrylate implant containing 100 milligrams of gentamicin that was placed in the tibia for six weeks. Group 3 (nine animals [nine tibiae]) was treated with a polylactide/polyglycolide implant containing 100 milligrams of gentamicin that was placed in the tibia for six weeks. All animals were killed at the end of treatment. At that time, specimens of tissue were obtained for quantitative culture as well as for antibiotic immunoassay. In the groups that had been treated with an implant, serum was obtained for the measurement of serum drug levels after debridement; after the implantation; four, seven, and twenty-one days postoperatively; and immediately before the animals were killed. The infection was eradicated in ten of the sixteen tibiae in Group 1, in eight of the nine tibiae in Group 2, and in all nine tibiae in Group 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distributed piezoelectric sensor/actuator design for dynamic measurement/control of distributed parameter systems: A piezoelectric finite element approach

Abstract Advanced structures with integrated self-monitoring and control capabilities are becoming very important due to the rapid development of “intelligent” mechanical systems and space structures. Since the structures are distributed and flexible in nature, distributed dynamic measurement and active vibration suppression are of importance to their performance. In this paper, a new structure (shell or plate) containing an integrated distributed piezoelectric sensor and actuator is proposed. The distributed piezoelectric sensing layer monitors the structural oscillation due to the direct piezoelectric effect and the distributed actuator layer suppresses the oscillation via the converse piezoelectric effect. For modeling flexibility and versatility, a new piezoelectric finite element with internal degrees of freedom is derived. The performance of a plate model with distributed piezoelectric sensor/actuator is evaluated. Applications to distributed dynamic measurement and control of the advanced structures are also demonstrated.
Chemical sensing with micromolded plastic microcantilevers

This paper describes microcantilever sensors produced via injection molding. The injection mold design is novel in that it employs one floating and one fixed mold half, hence only necessitating high flatness on two surfaces (e.g., the mating surfaces of the mold), whereas the remainder of the mold can be machined to only moderate tolerances. The mold holds a sub-100 nanometer flatness error over the entire mold mating surfaces, needed to produce micro- and nanoscale parts. Micrometer-scale cantilevers are produced and characterized as a test case. Microcantilevers are fabricated from three different polymeric materials and have exceptional repeatability as evidenced by their measured first-mode bending resonant frequencies. As a precursor to biological sensing, gold-thiol chemical sensing results obtained with the injection-molded cantilevers are also presented and show values that agree with the literature. As a whole, this work shows that the polymeric microcantilever parts fabricated via injection molding are mechanical and functional equivalents to their silicon-type counterparts, and are cheaper and easier to manufacture. [1483].
Molecular Weight Determination of Megadalton DNA Electrospray Ions using Charge Detection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

We present results obtained with a novel mass spectrometer capable of determining the mass of multiply charged electrospray ions generated from samples of macromolecules in the megadalton (MDa) size range. The instrument utilizes a sensitive amplifier which can detect the charge on a single ion as it passes through a tube detector. A velocity measurement of an ion with known electrostatic energy provides the ion's mass-to-charge ratio. Simultaneous detection of the ion charge permits a mass assignment to be made for each ion. Electrospray ions of DNA and polymer molecules with masses greater than 1 x 10(6) Da and charge numbers (z) in excess of 425 e(-) are readily detected in this mass spectrometer. The weights of small particles were also measured. The on-axis single-ion detection configuration provides a duty cycle of nearly 100% and extends the practical application of electrospray mass spectrometry to the analysis of very large molecules with relatively inexpensive instrumentation.
The influence of implanted sub-collector on CMOS latchup robustness

This paper discusses the integration of sub-collector implants into a dual-well CMOS for improvement in CMOS latchup robustness. Experimental work demonstrates CMOS latchup tradeoffs exist between the enhancement of the npn bipolar current gain, betanpn and reduction of the pnp bipolar current gain, betapnp. Additionally, the integration of sub-collectors, as well as trench isolation (TI) and deep trench (DT) isolation structures into CMOS dual-well structures will be highlighted.
Improvement of spinal non-viral IL-10 gene delivery by D-mannose as a transgene adjuvant to control chronic neuropathic pain

Peri-spinal subarachnoid (intrathecal; i.t.) injection of non-viral naked plasmid DNA encoding the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 (pDNA-IL-10) suppresses chronic neuropathic pain in animal models. However, two sequential i.t. pDNA injections are required within a discrete 5 to 72-hour period for prolonged efficacy. Previous reports identified phagocytic immune cells present in the peri-spinal milieu surrounding the i.t injection site that may play a role in transgene uptake resulting in subsequent IL-10 transgene expression. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether factors known to induce pro-phagocytic anti-inflammatory properties of immune cells improve i.t. IL-10 transgene uptake using reduced naked pDNA-IL-10 doses previously determined ineffective. Both the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, and the hexose sugar, D-mannose, were factors examined that could optimize i.t. pDNA-IL-10 uptake leading to enduring suppression of neuropathic pain as assessed by light touch sensitivity of the rat hindpaw (allodynia). Compared to dexamethasone, i.t. mannose pretreatment significantly and dose-dependently prolonged pDNA-IL-10 pain suppressive effects, reduced spinal IL-1β and enhanced spinal and dorsal root ganglia IL-10 immunoreactivity. Macrophages exposed to D-mannose revealed reduced proinflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide, and increased IL-10 protein release, while IL-4 revealed no improvement in transgene uptake. Separately, D-mannose dramatically increased pDNA-derived IL-10 protein release in culture supernatants. Lastly, a single i.t. co-injection of mannose with a 25-fold lower pDNA-IL-10 dose produced prolonged pain suppression in neuropathic rats. Peri-spinal treatment with D-mannose may optimize naked pDNA-IL-10 transgene uptake for suppression of allodynia, and is a novel approach to tune spinal immune cells toward pro-phagocytic phenotype for improved non-viral gene therapy.
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO 3 )

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO 3 ) is investigated in the Caltech indoor chambers. Experiments are performed in the dark and under dry conditions (RH&lt10%) using N 2 O 5 as a source of NO 3 radicals. For an initial isoprene concentration of 18.4 to 101.6 ppb, the SOA yield (defined as the ratio of the mass of organic aerosol formed to the mass of parent hydrocarbon reacted) ranges from 4.3% to 23.8%. By examining the time evolutions of gas-phase intermediate products and aerosol volume in real time, we are able to constrain the chemistry that leads to the formation of low-volatility products. Although the formation of ROOR from the reaction of two peroxy radicals (RO 2 ) has generally been considered as a minor channel, based on the gas-phase and aerosol-phase data it appears that RO 2 +RO 2 reaction (self reaction or cross-reaction) in the gas phase yielding ROOR products is a dominant SOA formation pathway. A wide array of organic nitrates and peroxides are identified in the aerosol formed and mechanisms for SOA formation are proposed. Using a uniform SOA yield of 10% (corresponding to M o ≅10 μg m −3 ), it is estimated that ~2 to 3 Tg yr −1 of SOA results from isoprene+NO 3 . The extent to which the results from this study can be applied to conditions in the atmosphere depends on the fate of peroxy radicals in the nighttime troposphere.
Bristle Blocks: A Silicon Compiler

Standard LSI Design Automation systems are database management systems that aid the circuit designer by organizing the collection of submodules that comprise a chip. This type of file system usually does not aid in the actual computation of silicon layout, and can hinder a designer with program constraints that have little or nothing to do with silicon constraints. The Bristle Block system is an attempt to create a silicon compiler that will perform the majority of the implementation computation while placing a minimum set of constraints on the designer. The goal of the Bristle Block system is to produce an entire LSI mask set from a single page, high level description of the integrated circuit.
Lazy Contract Checking for Immutable Data Structures

Existing contract checkers for data structures force programmers to choose between poor alternatives. Contracts are either built into the functions that construct the data structure, meaning that each object can only be used with a single contract and that a data structure with an invariant cannot be viewed as a subtype of the data structure without the invariant (thus inhibiting abstraction) or contracts are checked eagerly when an operation on the data structure is invoked, meaning that many redundant checks are performed, potentially even changing the program's asymptotic complexity. We explore the idea of adding a small, controlled amount of laziness to contract checkers so that the contracts on a data structure are only checked as the program inspects the data structure. Unlike contracts on the constructors, our lazy contracts allow subtyping and thus preserve the potential for abstraction. Unlike eagerly-checked contracts, our contracts do not affect the asymptotic behavior of the program. This paper presents our implementation of these ideas, an optimization in our implementation, performance measurements, and a discussion of an extension to our implementation that admits more expressive contracts by loosening the strict asymptotic guarantees and only preserving the amortized asymptotic complexity.
Post-splenectomy splenic artery aneurysm rupture in an atypical presentation of pre-eclampsia

Splenic artery aneurysm rupture in pregnancy is an uncommon catastrophic event. We report a patient who presented at 15 3/7 weeks with atypical pre-eclampsia. After termination was recommended, the patient chose to continue the pregnancy. Reversal of clinical and laboratory abnormalities occurred and the patient was discharged. The patient presented again at 24 weeks with severe pre-eclampsia and residual splenic artery aneurysm rupture, at the site of a splenectomy that had been performed 24 years previously.
Robust clustering of eye movement recordings for quantification of visual interest

Characterizing the location and extent of a viewer's interest, in terms of eye movement recordings, informs a range of investigations in image and scene viewing. We present an automatic data-driven method for accomplishing this, which clusters visual point-of-regard (POR) measurements into gazes and regions-of-interest using the mean shift procedure. Clusters produced using this method form a structured representation of viewer interest, and at the same time are replicable and not heavily influenced by noise or outliers. Thus, they are useful in answering fine-grained questions about where and how a viewer examined an image.
Biology of a leaf miner Liriomyza brassicae (Riley) (Diptera : Agromyzidae)

Summary The flies were reared at a constant temperature of 28° ± 1°C and 84% ± 2% R.H. The egg is somewhat rounded anteriorly and posteriorly and about 0·28 mm long. The average incubation period is 3 days, 7 hours and 51 minutes and the average larval duration is 6·5 days. The immature stages have been described. The average durations of the first, second and final instars are 51, 42·5 and 64 hours, respectively. The final instar larva abandons the mine and pupates in the soil. The total pupal period is 9·17 days under constant temperature and humidity. The fly emerges from a slit formed at the anterior region of the pupa. The copulation period ranges from 22 to 45 min. The eggs are always laid singly. The larva, after hatching, feeds on the mesophyll tissue of the leaf and with the result of extensive feeding, a linear serpentine mine is formed. The infestation is heavier in shady places. Liriomyza brassicae (Riley) is a polyphagous species.
MicroRNAs and Developmental Timing

MicroRNAs regulate temporal transitions in gene expression associated with cell fate progression and differentiation throughout animal development. Genetic analysis of developmental timing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identified two evolutionarily conserved microRNAs, lin-4/mir-125 and let-7, that regulate cell fate progression and differentiation in C. elegans cell lineages. MicroRNAs perform analogous developmental timing functions in other animals, including mammals. By regulating cell fate choices and transitions between pluripotency and differentiation, microRNAs help to orchestrate developmental events throughout the developing animal, and to play tissue homeostasis roles important for disease, including cancer.
Conditioning and Extinction and Their Relation to Drive

Resume LE CONDITIONNEMENT ET L'EXTINCTION ET LEUR RELATION AVEC L'ETAT DE L'IMPULSION On decrit trois experiences ou il s'agit de la relation entre le conditionnement et l'extinction et l'etat de l'impulsion sur laquelle se base le conditionnement. On obtient des degres de faim egalement espaces en faisant avoir une faim quotidienne maximale a un groupe de rats blancs et en donnant a manger diverses quantites d'un aliment etalon. La force constante d'un reflexe conditionnel maintenu normalement dans un nouveau conditionnement periodique varie lineairement avec la quantite de nourriture prealablement mangee. Six grammes de la nourriture employee ont reduit la force presque a la moitie de sa premiere valeur. Il suit de cette relation et de la constance de la force a chaque impulsion que l'effet du renforcement d'un morceau de nourriture varie lineairement avec la quantite prealablement mangee. Il suit aussi que l'effet du changement de l'impulsion est de changer la relation qui existe entre la vitesse des r...
Uses of play in the treatment of children.

Summary The development, technique, applications, and limitations of play in the treatment of children have been briefly described. Play is a natural means of expression for the child and it can be clinically useful in diagnosis, therapy, and research. It may serve the pediatrician in a more limited way to diminish transitory anxiety in children, to assist in evaluating the need for psychiatric help, and to advise parents regarding specific problems. Examples of the content of play interviews were given, and the way the material may be used in connection with historic knowledge and associative comments was indicated. Cautions regarding the danger of too quickly formulating the diagnosis or dynamics, the necessity for adequate training, and the possibility of complicating subsequent psychiatric help if inexperienced therapists employ this technique, will enable the pediatrician to appreciate the limitations of such therapy.
Novel insertion devices

Permanent magnet planar undulators are used at synchrotrons worldwide and serve as versatile radiation sources. For some experiments however, photon characteristics other than what is achievable with planar devices are desired. Undulators can be tailored to adjust photon characteristics, such as brightness, tuning curves, polarization harmonic content, and heat load to suit them to a particular experiment. One specialized device is the electromagnetic circularly polarizing undulator at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). At a few facilities, plans are underway to build superconducting undulators with short period lengths to provide higher energy radiation. At APS, the possibility of building an undulator with a variable period is also being investigated. Some users, driven by a desire for lower on-axis heat load or for circular polarization, prefer other types of devices, such as Apple-style undulators or figure-eight devices. Characteristics of the radiation output and advantages of these various types of devices are presented.
Instability-associated changes in contact stress and contact stress rates near a step-off incongruity.

Background: Intra-articular fractures can result in articular surface incongruity and joint instability, both of which can lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in contact stresses and contact stress rates in incongruous human cadaveric ankles that were either stable or unstable. It was hypothesized that joint instability, superimposed on articular incongruity, would cause significant increases in contact stresses and contact stress rates. Methods: Intact human cadaveric ankles were subjected to quasi-physiologic stance-phase motion and loading, and instantaneous contact stresses were captured at 132 Hz. The anterior one-third of the distal part of the tibia was displaced proximally by 2.0 mm, and testing was repeated. Anterior/posterior forces were modulated during loading to cause incongruous ankles to either remain stable or become unstable during loading. Transient contact stresses and contact stress rates were measured for seven ankles under intact, stable-incongruous, and unstable-incongruous conditions. Peak and 95th percentile values of contact stress and contact stress rates for all three conditions were compared to determine the pathomechanical effects of incongruity and instability. Results: The addition of instability caused 95th percentile and peak contact stresses to increase approximately between 20% and 25% in the unstable-incongruous specimens compared with the stable-incongruous specimens. In contrast, the addition of instability increased the magnitude of peak positive and peak negative contact stress rates by 115% and 170% in the unstable-incongruous specimens compared with the stable-incongruous specimens. Similarly, the 95th percentile contact stress rates increased 112% in the unstable-incongruous specimens compared with the stable-incongruous specimens. Conclusions: In human cadaveric ankles, instability superimposed on an existing articular surface incongruity causes disproportionate increases in contact stress rates compared with the increases in contact stresses. Clinical Relevance: Cartilage injury, chondrocyte injury, and chondrocyte biosynthetic function have been shown to be particularly sensitive to the stress rate. Instability-associated increases in contact stress rates may be important pathomechanical factors that lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
Two cases of post-coital vaginal cuff dehiscence with small bowel evisceration after robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy

INTRODUCTION Vaginal cuff dehiscence following robotic surgery is uncommon. Published reports of vaginal cuff dehiscence following robotic surgery are increasing, but the true incidence is unknown.
Evidence for detection of AT32P bound at the coupling sites of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

Abstract A protein-bound 32 P-labeled substance previously detected in rat-liver mitochondria under conditions chosen to reveal possible energy-rich intermediates of oxidative phosphorylation has been identified as 32 P-γ-labeled ATP. The acid-precipitable protein-bound ATP (E·ATP) appears to equilibrate with medium ATP at the time of acid denaturation. After acid denaturation, the 32 P label of E·ATP is only slowly removed by exposure to perchloric acid containing ATP or PP i . E·ATP is discharged in aurovertin-inhibited mitochondria during a short exposure to an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of any change in the endogenous ATP pool. Under optimal energy conditions about one E·ATP is observed per two cytochrome oxidase. The results are consistent with the binding of ATP at the coupling sites of oxidative phosphorylation.
Computer control for a particle beam accelerator

A computer control system that was developed for a large particle beam accelerator is described. The system is composed of a series of VAX computers, programmable controllers, and graphics operator consoles. Unique to the software design is the ability to reconfigure rapidly the operator's view of the machine as well as the associated control logic used whenever a new physics experiment is implemented. The discussion covers the hardware and software configuration of the system, the features of the operator console, and the graphics panel edits. >
Paul Brodwin: Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community Psychiatry

In Everyday Ethics: Voices from the Front Line of Community Psychiatry (2013), anthropologist Paul Brodwin examines the practices, logics, and warrants that sustain the system of community psychiatry in the United States. Since the psychiatric deinstitutionalization movement of the 1960s, increased pressure has been placed on community resources to manage mental illness. However, consistently increasing responsibility has been met with consistently decreasing resources, such that community health case managers and social workers are structurally unable to meet the demands placed upon them. Case managers find themselves at the bottom of a hierarchical heap dominated by biomedicine and psychiatrists, without much prestige but with heavy responsibility. Moreover, case managers are caught in an ethical web in which they are they are instructed to act coercively, to induce their clients to behave in particular ways, but in the humanitarian name of health and self-sufficiency. How do case managers negotiate manufacturing a relationship of dependency between themselves and their clients with the justification that doing so will in fact instill independence? Brodwin explores these issues through the ethnographic analysis of Eastside Services, an urban, midwestern community psychiatric center. Based on his travels with case managers as they interact with clients and psychiatrists, Brodwin suggests that a system of everyday ethics, in which decisions are made in an ad hoc fashion, constantly in a crisis mode to preserve the life of the client, mutes a more formal ethical consideration of the practices of coercion used by the case managers. The strength of Brodwin’s analysis derives from his commitment to ethnography. Beginning in his introduction and carrying through the rest of the work, Brodwin ties each particular theoretical consideration to perceived successes and profound dilemmas experienced by case managers at Eastside. Though Brodwin is truly interested in how these various medical and social crises contribute to case manager
Sperm Biology from Production to Ejaculation

Spermatogenesis is a sequence of highly intricate stages by which an undifferentiated diploid spermatogonium matures into a specialized, genetically unique haploid spermatozoon. Within the Sertoli cells, both mitosis and meiosis are responsible for transforming the diploid spermatogonial cells into unique haploid spermatids. This process requires the assistance of hormones regulated via the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis—namely, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). However, not all spermatogonia are destined to mature. In fact, most undergo apoptosis and are phagocytosed. Through spermiogenesis, spermatids elongate to form spermatozoa, which then leave the Sertoli cells and enter the epididymis for final maturation. Here, they acquire motility and acrosomal function, which are necessary for successful fertilization. This entire process from production to ejaculation of mature spermatozoa takes, on average, 64 days to complete. Essentially, spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis create fully functional spermatozoa that can travel efficiently through the female reproductive tract to the ovum and allows for the contribution of exclusive male genes to the offspring genome. This chapter serves as a comprehensive overview of sperm biology from production to ejaculation.
Squeezing by nonlinear phase shifts from a cascaded second-order nonlinearity

Squeezing can be generated by means of traveling-wave (TW) second-harmonic generation (S1 1C), even when there is a large phase mismatch between the fundamental and the harmonic fields. We show, in particular, that in the type-II geometry squeezed vacuum is created in the mode that is polarized orthogonal lo the fundamental beam. In the large phase-mismatch limit, where the fundamental field experiences little depletion and negligible second harmonic is generated, nonlinear phase shift of the fundamental wave introduced during the 5HG process is responsible for the creation of squeezing.
An unusual pathogen for prosthetic joint infection.

In 2012, an 84-year-old Chinese man presented with progressive, chronic left atraumatic knee pain and swelling. His medical history was notable for pulmonary tuberculosis treated in China in 1951 and rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed in 2006. His joint pain progressed despite use of disease modifying drugs and steroid injections. Antitumor necrosis factor inhibitors were not used because of concerns of tuberculosis reactivation. Clinical examination showed he had antalgic gait, knee eff usion, stiff ness, and joint-line tenderness. Laboratory results included erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 88 mm/h and C-reactive protein of 205 mg/L. Radiographs showed severe tri-compartmental degenerative arthritis (fi gure A). The patient underwent total knee arthroplasty in August, 2012 (fi gure B). Extensive synovitis was noted and pathological examination showed granulomatous infl ammation (fi gure C). Staining of synovial tissue for acid-fast bacilli and tuberculosis PCR were negative. The patient’s knee symptoms initially improved, but 5 months after total knee arthroplasty he developed a draining sinus from the knee incision. He underwent irrigation and debridement of the knee with exchange of the polyethylene tibial insert. Initial synovial tissue fl uid cultures were negative, but subsequent acid-fast bacilli cultures from synovial tissue and joint fl uid grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sputum cultures were negative for pulmonary tuberculosis. He started a course of antituberculosis therapy including rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for treatment of tuberculosis prosthetic joint infection in February, 2013. He was advised to undergo a two-stage resection-revision arthroplasty but declined further surgery and thus an implant retention strategy was pursued. The patient completed 12 months of antituberculosis therapy in February, 2014. He has since continued rifampicin and isoniazid treatment with a plan for long-term suppressive therapy in the setting of retained prosthesis. At his latest follow-up, 2 years after initial diagnosis of tuberculous prosthetic joint infection, the incision had healed without clinical sign of infection and his knee has a pain-free range of motion from 0–95°. Tuberculous arthritis accounts for 1–5% of people with tuberculosis. Scarce data are available for optimum management of tuberculous prosthetic joint infection. This case illustrates an unusual reactivation of tuberculosis in an isolated extra-pulmonary site after joint replacement surgery. Prompt initiation of antituberculosis therapy might enable implant retention, although continuation of suppressive therapy might be needed. In the setting of globalisation and the increasing use of immunomodulatory therapies and joint replacement surgeries, this case illustrates the need for tuberculosis to be thought about early in the diff erential diagnosis for culture-negative prosthetic joint infection in patients with previous exposures or epidemiological risk factors.
Degradation in Sn Films due to Whisker Formation

Whisker formation in pure Sn coatings on Cu conductors is a serious impediment to the development of Pb-free electronics manufacturing. Understanding whisker formation is complicated by the fact that it is the result of multiple materials kinetic processes including interdiffusion, intermetallic formation and stress generation We report preliminary studies of whisker growth kinetics and stress evolution aimed at developing a fundamental understanding of the whisker growth process. A proposed model of point defect mediated stress generation provides a simple picture of how the different processes are connected.
Queering Street: Homosociality, Masculinity, and Disability in Friday Night Lights

Gender and ability are integral to the cultural significance of sport, but contemporary media depictions of high school athletes rarely direct attention to the interaction of these issues. In contrast, the critically acclaimed television series Friday Night Lights (FNL) presents a complex and problematic portrayal of masculinity, disability, and sport. Our analysis explores how its disability imagery and themes obscure displays that inform a subtext of homoerotics. Bringing queer and disability theory together, we craft a lens for reading the show's coordination of compulsory able-bodiedness and compulsory heterosexuality. Using Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's analysis of homosociality to discuss specific erotic triangles in FNL's first season, we examine how its displays of homosocial desire and disability interact. Erotic triangles appear throughout the series and generate much of the show's dramatic appeal. A central plotline of the first season revolves around high school quarterback Jason Street, who becomes...
The relationship between image quality and CT dose index in spiral CT for the brain of rabbit

Objective:To explore the feasibility and rationality of low-dose spiral CT scan in the examination for the head of rabbit and provide the basis for the low-dose CT scanning in the head of neonate. Methods:The technical parameters were 120 Kv,3 mm slice thickness and every slice was scanned using tube current of 200,110,70 mAs. Five same regions of interest were measured on every image. The homogeneity and noise level of CT were appraised. The technical parameters were 120 kV,3 mm slice thickness. 200,110,70 mAs were employed in each same slice. CT images were evaluated by four doctors using single-blind method,and 3 degrees including excellent image,good image and bad image. Results:The phantom measurement showed that the lower of CT dose and the lower of homogeneity. The lower of CT dose and the higher of noise leve1. The image quality had no significant diference between five conditions(pitch 1.0,200,110,70 mAs;pitch 1.5,200,110 mAs),(P 0.05). Conclusion:Low-dose spiral scan for examinating the head of rabbit might not only guarantee image quality but also reduce the radiation during CT scan.
Perioperative chemotherapy for colorectal cancer liver metastases.

There is limited data available to guide decision making in the management of colorectal liver metastases. Despite a trend toward increased use of perioperative chemotherapy, others have questioned the role of this approach in patients with solitary lesions and a longer disease-free interval.
Creation of a feline model of obstructive uropathy.

AbstractThe aim of this project was to create a reproducible, quantifiable feline model of obstructive uropathy. Seventy-three adult female cats of comparable age were evaluated to obtain the normal control urodynamic data base. Twenty-four cats had a silastic cuff installed around the urethra to induce bladder outlet obstruction, and eight underwent a sham operation. Repeated urodynamic evaluations were performed at predetermined postoperative intervals. The obstructed and normal cats inhibited detrusor contractility by reflex striated urethral sphincter activity. Measurements of voiding pressure to verify the presence, and to assess the degree of induced outlet obstruction, required paralysis of the sphincter by curare. Following cuff implantation, voiding pressure increased from a mean normal of 17.2cm./H2O to 31.6 to 42.5cm./H2O in animals designated as moderately obstructed, and to 101.7-125.0cm./H2O in animals designated as severely obstructed. 84.6% of the high pressure bladders developed vesicoure...
The Role of Sperm Ion Channels in Reproduction

Fertilization is a critical process that leads to the development of a new organism and secures survival of the species. Mammalian fertilization results in the fusion of male gamete, spermatozoon, with the female gamete, an ovum, and takes place in the ampulla—a specified region of the female reproductive tract. The ovulated egg arrives to the ampulla, where it awaits spermatozoa. However, the egg survival time is limited to 12 h, after which it disintegrates if not fertilized by the spermatozoon. To ensure the timely arrival, spermatozoa develop robust motility and overcome numerous obstacles presented by the female reproductive tract. The principle of sperm motility has fascinated researchers since this cell was first discovered in 1677 by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Spermatozoa are equipped with sophisticated molecular mechanisms that allow successful navigation in the female reproductive tract. To succeed, a spermatozoon must sense the environment and adapt its motility, which is controlled by adenosine triphosphate production and flagellar ion homeostasis, which in turn is under tight control of sperm ion channels and transporters. Sperm intracellular pH, membrane voltage, and intracellular calcium concentration are all important for sperm motility. Although all mammalian sperm are united in their goal to find and fertilize an egg, the molecular mechanisms they utilize for this purpose differ among species, especially on the level of ion channels. Despite advances in reproductive biology, approximately 80% of male infertility cases are idiopathic. This indicates our insufficient understanding of sophisticated machinery regulating human sperm physiology. Sperm ion channels are known to be important regulators of sperm physiology, and one of the most studied proteins to date is the calcium ion channel cation channels of sperm (CatSper), which is vital for fertility in both mice and humans. In this chapter we discuss the role of sperm ion channels in fertility with emphasis on CatSper and its regulation.
Meshing Analysis for TA Worm Drive

The meshing analysis for the TA worm is performed. The formulae to determine the key points on the boundary of the contact zone are proposed. Based on this, the strategy to obtain the contact lines and the instantaneous contact points is put forward. The existence of the constant contact line is proved and verified numerically. The numerical consequences manifest that the local meshing quality is relatively good. The meshing analysis makes clear that the way to improve the meshing behaviour further is to remove the constant contact line by the modification.
Gender-specific effects of dietary carotenoid intake on lung cancer risk

B64 Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and worldwide. Smoking is a well-established risk factor. In contrast, intake of dietary carotenoids and lung cancer risk has been investigated with inconsistent findings; therefore further investigation is warranted. Using data from an ongoing case-control study of 1,088 newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed lung cancer cases at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX and 1,414 healthy controls who were matched on age, gender, ethnicity, and smoking status, we examined the associations between dietary carotenoid intake and lung cancer risk using multiple logistic regression analysis. All analyses were adjusted for covariates ( i.e., pack-years smoked, alcohol intake, total folate, BMI, family history of cancer, gender, and the other carotenoids examined). Five individual (i.e. α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, and lycopene) carotenoids plus total carotenoid intake, as well as retinol intake were examined. We also investigated whether the associations between carotenoid intake and lung cancer risk differed by demographic and lifestyle characteristics, such as BMI, the number of pack-years smoked, and vitamin-mineral supplement use. We found that the protective association for the carotenoids differed by gender: for men, protective trends (p
In Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, Adding Fusion Surgery to Decompression Surgery Did Not Improve Outcomes at 2 Years.

Forsth P, Olafsson G, Carlsson T, Frost A, Borgstrom F, Fritzell P, Ohagen P, Michaelsson K, Sanden B. A randomized, controlled trial of fusion surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 14;374(15):1413-23. ### Question: In patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, with or without degenerative spondylolisthesis, does adding fusion surgery to decompression surgery improve clinical outcomes at 2 years? ### Design: Randomized (allocation concealed)*, unblinded, controlled trial with 2 years of follow-up. Swedish Spinal Stenosis Study (SSSS). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994512. (*Information provided by author.) ### Setting: 7 hospitals in Sweden. ### Patients: 247 patients 50 to 80 years of age (mean age, 67 years; 67% women) who had lumbar spinal stenosis with ≤2 adjacent stenotic segments, a back pain score of >30 of 100 on a visual analog scale (VAS), pseudoclaudication in 1 or both legs, and symptoms for >6 months. Exclusion criteria were stenosis due to a herniated disc or nondegenerative changes, spondylolysis, degenerative lumbar scoliosis, …
Requiem for In-Person Verbal/Nonverbal Communication

Once in Africa, one did not need to send a quick text to a neighbor or relation to announce that one is on the way for a visit. You just came. That was the beauty of surprises and the unknown. Today, the element of surprise is almost nonexistent especially with the influx of new Western communicative tools that have flooded the markets in Africa. Africans are now becoming accustomed to a new form of interpersonal communication that they were never prepared for. They now have to abandon some of their traditional ways to accommodate the “stranger” who has penetrated their lives as a thief in the night. Time will tell whether things will fall apart as a result of welcoming the new stranger in their midst or communicative trends will improve the status of Africans and Africa.