cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
You are Not a Loan: A Debtors Movement

Written from the participant perspective of the author, the article documents the debt resistance movement that is one of the enduring offshoots of Occupy Wall Street. Addressing the household debt crisis in the wake of the financial crash, it focuses in particular on student debt, approaching an aggregate 1.2 trillion in the U.S., with defaulters numbering in the tens of millions. The emergence of The Occupy Student Debt Campaign is analyzed, along with the initiatives of its successor, Strike Debt, including the Rolling Jubilee and the Debt Resistors Opera-tions Manual. The article concludes by arguing that debt will be the frontline of anticapitalist struggles in the 21st century, just as the struggle over wages dominated the twentieth century.
Evaluating effects of deferoxamine in a rat tibia critical bone defect model.

Objectives Evaluate the use of deferoxamine in a calcium sulfate carrier to promote fracture healing in a critical bone defect model.
Brugia pahangi: Effects of Protective Resistance on Lymphatic Lesions and Granulomatous Inflammation in Infected Jirds (Meriones unguiculatus)

Abstract The hypothesis that protective immune responses play a role in the induction of filarial-associated lymphatic lesions was tested in jirds immunized twice with 75 Brugia pahangi radiation-attenuated third-stage larvae. Lymphatic lesions and granulomatous reactivity were compared in immunized, infected, and naive jirds at both acute and chronic periods following challenge with 100 third-stage larvae. Challenge worm burdens were reduced in immunized jirds at both infection periods. The ratio of lymph thrombi to lymphatic worms, an indicator of lymphatic lesion severity, was significantly greater in immunized jirds than in nonimmunized-challenged jirds during acute but not chronic infections. Parasite-specific-granulomatous hypersensitivity was assessed by measurements of granuloma areas around B. pahangi-soluble adult worm antigen-coated sepharose beads embolized in the lungs prior to necropsy. Marked granulomatous inflammatory responses seen during the acute period in both immunized-challenged and nonimmunized-challenged jirds were significantly reduced in similar jirds during chronic periods. Jirds with existing B. pahangi infections were not resistant to homologous challenge infection and had fewer lymphatic lesions and reduced granulomatous inflammatory responses to soluble adult worm antigen compared to previously naive jirds at acute periods postchallenge. These data suggest that protective immune responses increase the severity of filariae-induced lymphatic inflammation. The subsequent modulation of these lesions is probably associated with parasites that survived the protective immune response.
Detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii: a potential tool to identify sewage pollution in recreational waters

Aims: The goal of this study was to develop and test the efficacy of a PCR assay for the environmental detection of the nifH gene of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a methanogen found in human faeces and sewage. Methods and Results: PCR primers for the nifH gene of M. smithii were designed, tested and used to detect the presence or absence of this organism in faecal and environmental samples. Specificity analysis showed that the Mnif primers amplified products only in M. smithii pure culture strains (100%), human faeces (29%), human sewage samples (93%) and sewage-contaminated water samples (100%). No amplification was observed when primers were tested against 43 bacterial stock cultures, 204 animal faecal samples, 548 environmental bacterial isolates and water samples from a bovine waste lagoon and adjacent polluted creek. Sequencing of PCR products from sewers demonstrated that a 222-bp product was the nifH gene of M. smithii. The minimal amount of total DNA required for the detection of M. smithii was 10 ng for human faeces, 10 ng for faecally contaminated water and 5 ng for sewage. Recreational water seeded with M. smithii established a lower detection limit of 13 cells ml−1. Conclusions: The Mnif assay developed during this investigation showed successful detection of M. smithii in individual human faecal samples, sewage and sewage-contaminated water but not in uncontaminated marine water or bovine-contaminated waters. The Mnif assay appears to be a potentially useful method to detect sewage-polluted coastal waters. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study was the first to utilize methanogens as an indicator of sewage pollution. Mnif PCR detection of M. smithii was shown to be a rapid, inexpensive and reliable test for determining the presence or absence of sewage pollution in coastal recreational waters.
Nonlinear Energization of Ionospheric Ions by Electrostatic Fields

Summary form only given. There are two observations that are particularly ubiquitous in the auroral ionospheric plasmas: intense electric fields in density depleted regions, and transverse energization of ions emanating from such regions. The observed gain in ion energies is sufficiently large to allow the ions to gravitationally escape the ionosphere and populate the magnetosphere. The gain in energy cannot be explained by a linear model of wave-particle interaction between the ions and the observed electrostatic fields. We have been studying the nonlinear interactions of ionospheric ions with electrostatic fields to understand the observed energization of ions. The electrostatic fields are assumed to be represented either by a set of plane waves propagating obliquely to the geomagnetic field, or localized field structures with transverse spatial dimensions that are small compared to the thermal Larmor radii of the ions. The dynamics of ions is compared and contrasted for the two cases. For obliquely propagating waves, nonlinear, coherent transverse energization of low energy ions is possible for certain conditions that depend on the frequency spectrum, wave numbers, and relative obliqueness of the waves. The interaction of low energy ions with localized electrostatic field structures is significantly different from their interaction with waves. We find that the phase space of the energized ions is chaotic and, for long-time interactions, the ions can undergo large energy gains akin to Levy flights. Detailed analytical and numerical results comparing the energization of ions by localized field structures with energization by plane waves will be discussed. From our studies we conclude that nonlinear wave-particle interactions are needed to explain the observed gains in ion energies
Computation of nodal surfaces in fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo calculations using a genetic algorithm

The fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) algorithm is a powerful way of computing excited state energies in a remarkably diverse number of contexts in quantum chemistry and physics. The main difficulty in implementing the procedure lies in obtaining a good estimate of the nodal surface of the excited state in question. Although the nodal surface can sometimes be obtained from symmetry or by making approximations this is not always the case. In any event, nodal surfaces are usually obtained in an ad hoc way. In fact, the search for nodal surfaces can be formulated as an optimization problem within the DMC procedure itself. Here we investigate the use of a genetic algorithm to systematically and automatically compute nodal surfaces. Application is made to the computation of excited states of the HCN–4He complex and to the computation of tunneling splittings in the hydrogen bonded HCl–HCl complex.
Infant and Maternal Outcomes Associated with Self-Reported Illicit Drug Use During Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to identify infant and maternal outcomes associated with self-reported illicit drug use during pregnancy and to determine if illicit drug use prior to pregnancy, but not during pregnancy, conferred added risk to the mother or infant. Participants were identified from newborn referrals to the local visiting nurse association (VNA) and unrestricted birth certificates over a 3-month study period in a city 20 miles southeast of Boston. Of 360 subjects contacted, 284 who had delivered a viable infant agreed to participate. Data were collected using an interview schedule designed for this study and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Of the 284 subjects, 26.8% of the subjects reported using any illicit drug, 22.5% reported using marijuana, and 10.6% cocaine during pregnancy. Pregnancy users of illicit drugs had a 2.2 (confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 4.4) greater risk of experiencing premature birth, precipitous labor, low weight gain placental abrupt...
Asynchronous physical unclonable function using FPGA-based self-timed ring oscillator (abstract only)

Recently, electronic industries have been facing an increased amount of hardware counterfeits. These counterfeit components, when assembled into a product or a system, can not only jeopardize performance and reliability but also create safety issues. Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) provides means to enhance physical security of Integrated Circuits (IC) against piracy and unauthorized access. The proposed design illustrates the feasibility of using self-timed ring oscillators as a novel approach towards PUF implementation for FPGA authentication. The proposed Self-Timed Ring Oscillator PUF (STRO-PUF) consists of two groups of identically laid-out self-timed ring oscillators. Inputs to the PUF are given through a challenge generator, which selects two self-timed ring oscillators from each group. Outputs of oscillators are fed to multiplexers of corresponding groups. Self-timed ring oscillators exploit the inherent features of random process variations by producing varying frequencies. These unpredictable variations in frequencies are captured using frequency comparator, which generates a output bit. A unique set of output bits , or response is generated for each set of input bits, or challenge. This unique Challenge Response Pair (CRP) is used in identifying a particular device. Frequencies generated from these oscillators are read through a logic analyzer. The varying frequencies observed from all the oscillators mapped across different regions of FPGAs range from 16.234 MHz to 125 MHz with the average frequency of 101.446 MHz. Experimental result shows the uniqueness for the PUF response is 49.92% which is very close to the desired 50% factor.
Lithographic simulation: a review

A review of the current state of the art in optical and electron beam lithography simulation is presented. Basic physical models are described and examples are given. In addition, rigorous electromagnetic simulation for mask topography is shown and the use of statistical modeling to predict feature size distributions in manufacturing is described. Finally, numerous examples of the use of lithography simulation and its impact on the semiconductor industry are offered.
Stratification of Antibody-Positive Subjects by Antibody Level Reveals an Impact of Immunogenicity on Pharmacokinetics

The availability of highly sensitive immunoassays enables the detection of antidrug antibody (ADA) responses of various concentrations and affinities. The analysis of the impact of antibody status on drug pharmacokinetics (PK) is confounded by the presence of low-affinity or low-concentration antibody responses within the dataset. In a phase 2 clinical trial, a large proportion of subjects (45%) developed ADA following weekly dosing with AMG 317, a fully human monoclonal antibody therapeutic. The antibody responses displayed a wide range of relative concentrations (30 ng/mL to >13 μg/mL) and peaked at various times during the study. To evaluate the impact of immunogenicity on PK, AMG 317 concentration data were analyzed following stratification by dose group, time point, antibody status (positive or negative), and antibody level (relative concentration). With dose group as a stratifying variable, a moderate reduction in AMG 317 levels ( 500 ng/mL) and later time points (week 12) were associated with significantly (up to 97%) lower trough AMG 317 concentrations. The use of quasi-quantitative antibody data and appropriate statistical methods was critical for the most comprehensive evaluation of the impact of immunogenicity on PK.
Coastal Vibrios: Identifying Relationships between Environmental Condition and Human Disease

Vibrio spp. cause frank and opportunistic infections of humans through exposure to seafood and seawater. Due to their natural occurrence in coastal environments, traditional indicator organisms, su...
Probable Precambrian Detrital Zircons in New Caledonia and Southwest Pacific Continental Structure

A Cretaceous arkosic sandstone from southwestern New Caledonia contains detrital zircon most of which is clear and euhedral. However, about 1 percent is rounded colored grains. The uranium-lead and thorium-lead data for the bulk zircon concentrate indicate discordant Cretaceous ages. The Pb 207 /Pb 206 age is 670 ± 30 m.y. Reasonable arguments for the use of 65 m.y., the minimum age of sedimentation, for the lower intercept of this data point on a concordia diagram extrapolate to a minimum age of 1,000 m.y. for the oldest zircon component. The likely source of these zircons is the Lord Howe Rise which is proposed to be a submerged continental link between New Zealand and Australia.
Foreign-Born Therapists in the United States: Supervisors' Multicultural Competence, Supervision Satisfaction, and Counseling Self-Efficacy

Globalization and immigration have affected clinical practice in the United States by changing the demographic profile of both clients and clinical providers. There is a trend toward more foreign-born therapists practicing in the United States, yet little attention has been given to foreign-born therapists who are also immigrants and their needs during clinical supervision. Symbolic interactionism (Blumer, 1969) and ecological theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) were used to develop this cross-sectional Web-based survey study to examine the associations among perceived supervisors' multicultural competence, supervision satisfaction, and counseling self-efficacy in a sample of foreign-born therapists currently practicing in the United States. One hundred fifty-three immigrant therapists completed 4 questionnaires examining perceived supervisors' multicultural competence, supervision satisfaction, and counseling self-efficacy. Results suggest that supervisor's multicultural competence is a moderate predictor of c...
Anticholinergic drugs and open-field behavior in chickens

The effects of scopolamine and atropine on the open-field behavior of Production Red and White Leghorn chickens were examined in order to evaluate the suggestion that the influence of these anticholinergic drugs on tonic immobility was mediated by their impact on emotionality. Significant strain differences in vocalization latency, number of vocalizations, and activity latency were observed. Both of the anticholinergic drugs reduced the chickens’ vocalization and activity latencies, but they increased the number of vocalizations and activity levels. Intercorrelations among the various behavioral measures are presented and discussed. The effects of the two independent variables (genetic strain and anticholinergic drugs) on open-field behavior appear consistent with the interpretation that both of them influence the emotionality of subjects.
Coordination: a vector-matrix description of transformations of overcomplete CNS coordinates and a tensorial solution using the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse*

Neuronal organisms express their function, such as a movement, by multicomponental actions. Thus, the problem of how the central nervous system (CNS) coordinates the elements of a single action is fundamental to our understanding of brain function. Coordinated activation of multijointed "limbs" has also become an acute problem in modern multivariable control theory and engineering, such as robotics. Thus, a coherent interdisciplinary approach is expected, one that arrives at concepts and formalisms applicable to this problem both in living and man-made organisms. By treating coordination with coordinates, tensor network theory of the CNS, which explains transformations through the neuronal networks of natural non-orthogonal coordinates that are intrinsic to living organisms, may successfully integrate the diverse approaches to this general problem. A link between tensor network theory of the CNS and multivariable control engineering can be established if the latter is formulated in generalized non-orthogonal coordinates, rather than in conventional Cartesian expressions. In general terms, the problem of coordinating an overcomplete (more than necessary) number of components of an action can be resolved by a three-step tensorial scheme. A key operation is a covariant-to-contravariant transformation executed by the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse when, in an overcomplete manifold, the covariant metric tensor is singular. In the neuronal organization of the CNS, it is assumed that the cerebellum plays this role of acting as a contravariant metric. A quantitative example is also provided, in order to demonstrate the viability of the numerical and network-implementations.
Nosocomial Candidemia: Risk Factors and Attributable Mortality

Over the past decade, the incidence of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections caused by Candida species has risen and the species associated with such infections have changed. The incidence of candidemia is dramatically higher in high-risk, critical-care units than in other parts of the hospital. Certain underlying physical conditions including acute leukemia, leukopenia, burns, gastrointestinal disease, and premature birth predispose patients to nosocomial candidemia. Independent risk factors include prior treatment with multiple antibiotics, prior Hickman catheterization, isolation of Candida species from sites other than the blood, and prior hemodialysis. In this article some of the challenges posed by the management of nosocomial candidemia are presented in three case studies. In addition, the results of several investigations of nosocomial candidemia at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics are reviewed.
Mixed Court and Jury Court: Could the Continental Alternative Fill the American Need?

For cases of serious crime a number of European countries employ a variant of the jury called the mixed court, in which laymen and professional judges sit together in a single panel that deliberates and decides on all issues of verdict and sentence. Trials in the mixed court proceed quite rapidly, in large measure because the mixed court dispenses with most of the time-consuming practices of jury control that characterize Anglo-American trial procedure. Consequently, the legal system can process all cases of serious crime to full trial. The present article describes the German mixed-court system and contrasts it with the American jury, asking to what extent the mixed court serves the purposes of the jury. The conclusion is that the mixed court serves the jury policies well, though not fully; and that it is a superior alternative to the indigenous nontrial devices—plea bargaining and bench trial—that have displaced the jury from routine American practice.
Challenges of Virtual School Leadership.

The purpose of this case study was to examine challenges faced by virtual school leaders in the United States. Through semistructured interviews, the researchers explored challenges faced by eighteen leaders of fully online or blended online programs. Analysis revealed six main challenges: funding, staff, accountability, time, parents, and professional development. The researchers found virtual school leaders face many of the same categorical challenges as leaders in brick-and-mortar schools. The nuances of the challenges, however, are distinct. The researchers concluded that the field of educational leadership must respond to the needs of these leaders through preservice training, in-service professional development, policy reform, and additional research.
Advanced Low-Cost O2/H2 Engines for the SSTO Application

The recent NASA Access to Space study examined future Earth to orbit (ETO) transportation needs and fleets out to 2030. The baseline in the option 3 assessment was a single stage to orbit (SSTO) vehicle. A study was conducted to assess the use of new advanced low cost O2/H2 engines for this SSTO application. The study defined baseline configurations and ground rules and defined six engine cycles to explore engine performance. The cycles included an open cycle, and a series of closed cycles with varying abilities to extract energy from the propellants to power he turbomachinery. The cycles thus varied in the maximum chamber pressure they could reach and in their weights at any given chamber pressure. The weight of each cycle was calculated for two technology levels versus chamber pressure up to the power limit of the cycle. The performance in the SSTO mission was then modeled using the resulting engine weights and specific impulse performance using the Access to Space option 3 vehicle. The results showed that new O2/H2 engines are viable and competitive candidates for the SSTO application using chamber pressures of 4,000 psi.
A simplified solid-phase immunofluorescence assay for measurement of serum immunoglobulins.

Abstract A simple 2-step solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay for the determination of serum immunoglobulins is described. The method employs a stabilized solidphase immunoadsorbent consisting of antigen immobilized on a cellulose acetate/nitrate disc attached to a plastic StiQ TM sampler. The polymeric disc serves both as a substrate for immobilization and as a highly uniform surface upon which very precise fluorescence determinations may be made. The assays rely upon the reaction of a precise and limiting amount of mono-specific fluorescent antibody with the specific antigen present in a test sample. Residual unreacted fluorescently labeled antibody is allowed to bind to the immunoadsorbent, non-specifically bound antibody is removed in a wash step. The amount of labeled antibody bound is inversely proportional to the amount of antigen present in the test sample. The fluorescence of the bound labeled anti-body is measured using a FIAX ® ∗∗ surface-reading fluorometer. Comparison of this new procedure with the commercially available (4-step) FIAX assay, which requires generation of immunoadsorbent in situ, demonstrated excellent correlation between the two methods. The new 2-step procedure provides results in a much shorter period of time and requires one-half to one-eighth of the operator time required for the other available solid-phase fluoroimmunoassays.
Effect of high levels of corticosteroids on the lipids of the long bones of the mature rabbit

Corticosteroid administration is associated with the development of nontraumatic osteonecrosis in man. However, the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis is unknown. Osteopenia, occurring as a result of corticosteroid treatment is thought to be one factor contributing to the compromise of vascular space. We have treated rabbits daily with hydrocortisone-acetate (15 mg per 4 kg rabbit for 4 and 9 weeks, respectively). These animals progressively developed osteoporosis. Cholesterol accumulated in both the unwashed cancellous bone and the marrow-free compact bones of the treated rabbits when contrasted with age-matched controls. Elevations in marrow lipid content were also observed in the treated animals. Although none of the treated rabbits developed osteonecrosis during the short time of the study, the findings of elevated cholesterol suggest that alterations in bone cell membranes may lead to cell dysfunction and osteopenia. This osteopenia may eventually cause osteonecrosis by occlusion of subchondral vessels. The elevated marrow lipids may also contribute to the development of osteonecrosis by increasing intramedullary pressure and causing venous stasis.
Surface temperature-field imaging with laser-induced thermographic phosphorescence

A technique to remotely image temperature distributions of heated metallic surfaces is extended to higher temperatures. It uses a Dy+3:YAG thermographic phosphor (TP) bonded to the surface and excited by radiation at 355 nm. Digital images of the emission from two excited states were recorded and divided by each other to correct by normalization for illumination and coating nonuniformities. Results show that the TP can survive heating and cooling cycles to 1400 K and that emitting states achieve thermodynamic equilibrium before radiating. Temperatures in the range of 300–1300 K were determined by normalization of pairs of emission images with a single calibration constant. Uncertainties of ±7–13% at a spatial resolution of 20 µm and ±0.7–4% at a resolution of 500 µm were achieved.
The Veeco 4840 automated implant system

Abstract Veeco has developed a new, 150 keV, computer automated, high current ion implantation system. This paper describes the system in overview, with emphasis on the technology behind its special features: a solid boron source, a charge neutralizer, automatic beam control, and extended energy range.
Why Village Election Has Not Much Improved Village Governance

Village elections have been implemented throughout China for more than a decade. Much improvement has been made in the institutionalization of village elections. However, village election is widely viewed as producing little effect on village governance. What has been perceived as electoral achievement has yet to be translated into improving the way villages are governed. Why has village election remained largely irrelevant to effective village self-government? This paper intends to answer the question by examining some causal factors responsible for ineffective village governance. Specifically, this paper looks at the dysfunctional village governance structure, township re-assertiveness over villages, and the village dual-leadership factor. This paper proposes a new governing model that incorporates major village players to ensure that village elections will lead to effective village governance in the countryside.
Radiocarbon Dates of Pre-Mankato Events in Eastern and Central North America.

1) A group of samples from horizons previouslycorrelated with the upper part of the Cary substageconfirms the correlation as reasonable and is consistently related in time to the dates of the peat layerat Two Creeks and subsequent Mankato events. 2) A major glaciation affected the Great Lakes region beginning 25,000 or more yr ago and reachingits maximum extent about 18,000 yr ago. It is represented by drift correlated in Ohio with the Cary substage and, at least in part, with the Tazewell substage; in Illinois and adjacent states it is correlatedwith most of the Tazewell substage and with theFarmdale loess. 3) The ecology and other associations implied bythe dated samples are more consistent with glacialthan with nonglacial conditions. 4) The lower till at Sidney, Ohio (W-188), onwhich is developed a soil considered a correlative ofthe Fox series soil on gravels and also buried by tillof the major glaciation of 25,000 to 18,000 yr ago, indicates an earlier glaciation extensively exposed inOhio and believed to be an early Wisconsin event. Table 2. List of samples and dates arranged by agegroups. See PDF for Table 5) An earlier glaciation, or glaciations, is impliedat several localities by peat, gyttja, or wood morethan 30,000 yr old, overlain by till. 6) The time interval between the middle group andthe old group of samples, which has been determinedwithin conservative radiocarbon limits to be greaterthan 3000 yr, is possibly of the order of 16,000 yr,as suggested by the depth of leaching at Sidney, Ohio.(The ages of all the samples discussed are listed inTable 2.) 7) An attempt should now be made to fix moreclosely the dates of the old samples and to reexaminein the field the stratigraphic sequence in the light ofthe radiocarbon dates discussed.
Distribution of Foraminifera on Alaskan and Siberian Continental Shelves: ABSTRACT

Through the greater part of the inner sublittoral zone of the Alaskan and Siberian shelves, the foraminiferal fauna is dominated by species with an arenaceous test wall. Species are few and generally one species is overwhelmingly dominant, but the dominant species is different from one area to the next as a result of changes in the oceanographic regime. Oceanographic conditions in the Chukchi Sea are dominated by northward flow of water from the Bering Sea through Bering Strait. In both seas adjacent to the coast of Alaska the water is warmer and less saline and Eggerella advena is dominant in bottom sediments. Farther offshore in both seas Reophax arctica is dominant. Dominance by these two species extends northward to the limits of the permanent ice pack beyond which Textularia torquata is dominant on the Siberian shelf and Spiroplectammina biformis on the Alaskan shelf. High relative frequencies of S. biformis also characterize the Gulf of Anadyr where very cold bottom waters persist all year. Two calcareous faunas exist. An Elphidium clavatum-dominated fauna is associated with deltaic environments or more polar shelf environments. The other calcareous fauna has a greater diversity, especially in Elphidium spp. and Buccella spp., and generally is associated with coarser grained sediment in straits and nearshore areas. This latter calcareous fauna may represent, in part, reworked or relict faunas. End_of_Article - Last_Page 466------------
Bone mineral density and mortality in women and men: the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study.

Abstract Purpose We sought to assess the long-term association of bone mineral density with total, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality. Methods The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilians. A cohort aged 45 through 74 years at baseline (1971–1975) was observed through 1992. Subjects were followed for a maximum of 22 years. Included in the analyses were 3501 white and black subjects. Death certificates were used to identify a total of 1530 deaths. Results Results were evaluated to determine the relative risk for death per 1 SD lower bone mineral density, after controlling for age at baseline, smoking status, alcohol consumption, history of diabetes, history of heart disease, education, body mass index, recreational physical activity, and blood pressure medication. Bone mineral density showed a significant inverse relationship to mortality in white men and blacks, but did not reach significance in white women. Based on 1 SD lower bone mineral density, the relative risk for white men was 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.26, p Conclusions Bone mineral density is a significant predictor of death from all causes (white men, blacks), cardiovascular (white men only) and other causes combined, in whites and blacks.
Suppression of cellular transformation by poly (A) binding protein interacting protein 2 (Paip2).

Controlling translation is crucial for the homeostasis of a cell. Its deregulation can facilitate the development and progression of many diseases including cancer. Poly (A) binding protein interacting protein 2 (Paip2) inhibits efficient initiation of translation by impairing formation of the necessary closed loop of mRNA. The over production of Paip2 in the presence of a constitutively active form of hRasV12 can reduce colony formation in a semi-solid matrix and focus formation on a cell monolayer. The ability of Paip2 to bind to Pabp is required to suppress the transformed phenotype mediated by hRasV12. These observations indicate that Paip2 is able to function as a tumor suppressor.
Analytical and Numerical Studies of the Beta-Effect in Tropical Cyclone Motion. Part I: Zero Mean Flow

Abstract The β-effect on tropical cyclone motion is studied using an analytical as well as a numerical model in a nondivergent barotropic framework. The analytical model and the linear version of the numerical model give essentially the same result: the linear β-effect causes a westward stretching of the model vortex but no significant movement of the vortex center. An east-west asymmetry in the meridional wind field is also created. It is the inclusion of the nonlinear term that produces the northwestward movement of the vortex previously found by other investigators (e.g., Kitade, 1981). This northwestward movement increases with both the maximum wind speed and the radius of maximum wind in a constant-shape vortex. A wind maximum is also found to the northeast of the vortex, which appears to be consistent with the observational findings of Shea and Gray. This asymmetry plays an important role in the vortex motion.
Spin coated V2O5 XRG as optically passive electrode in laminated electrochromic devices

Abstract In this paper we report the electrochemical and optical characterization of a novel kind of vanadium pentoxide thin film electrode (sc-V2O5 XRG) produced by spin coating the hydrous gel onto ITO coated glass substrates. The thin film electrode is used in an all solid state optical switching device along with tungsten oxide as the primary electrochromic material and a highly conductive gel electrolyte. The enhanced electrical and optical responses of the device indicate that sc-V2O5 XRG can be successfully used as an optically passive counter electrode in electrochromic devices.
Progressive alopecia associated with hypoparathyroidism in a Jersey heifer.

BACKGROUND: Chronic progressive generalized alopecia in dairy cattle has been anecdotally discussed in veterinary forums. OBJECTIVE: To describe subclinical changes in an otherwise apparently healthy animal with chronic progressive generalized alopecia. ANIMALS: One 10-month-old Jersey heifer. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A heifer was presented for chronic progressive alopecia. The skin was hyperpigmented and very thin (2.4 ± 0.0 mm, compared with 8.1 ± 0.3 mm measured in four contemporaneous Jersey heifers). Histopathological examination of the skin revealed severe epidermal hyperplasia, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and diffuse follicular atrophy. Clinicopathological changes included hypocalcaemia that did not respond to calcium therapy. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was not detected, compared with 1.38 ± 0.78 pmol/L in four contemporaneous Jersey heifers. A diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism was made based on hypocalcaemia and low PTH in the presence of normal magnesium levels. The heifer was otherwise healthy and was allowed to continue normal life. A spontaneous abortion occurred at 5.5 months of pregnancy and this was likely due to the presence of twin fetuses. Despite targeted therapy of the ensuing retained placenta, the heifer declined in health and had to be euthanized. From the time of diagnosis with hypoparathyroidism until euthanasia (29 months of age), blood levels of calcium, phosphorus and PTH were regularly monitored. Calcium and phosphorus levels varied widely. Serum PTH was consistently undetectable. At postmortem examination, the parathyroid glands could not be located. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first report of naturally occurring hypoparathyroidism in cattle and with a clinical presentation of alopecia.
Essential Entry-Level Skills for Systems Analysts

In this study, the authors provide some details about a variety of entry-level skills that are vitally important to systems analysts. They gathered the data from information technology practitioners, who related their experiences with realworld systems development projects. Such empirical evidence may be useful to faculty as they decide which development practices to emphasize in information systems curricula, as they attempt to align educational programs with industry practices, and as they advise students.
Testing Deterrence Theory: Rigor Makes a Difference

There is no consensus among scholars on how to test hypotheses about deterrence systematically. The disputes are sometimes rooted in differences about theory or sources of data, but they are magnified by methodological confusion, especially over concepts and operational definitions that produce perverse empirical results. Serious theoretical errors include inadequate appreciation of the role of uncertainty in deterrence as well as selection biases that undermine empirical tests. Rigorous examination of our previous work in light of recent criticism discloses very robust findings on the conditions for deterrence success and failure.
Characterization of the Minimal Replicator of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latent Origin

The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) binds to two sites within the 801-bp-long terminal repeat (TR) and is the only viral protein required for episomal maintenance. While two or more copies of TR are required for long-term maintenance, a single TR confers LANA-dependent origin activity on plasmid DNA. Deletion mapping revealed a 71-bp-long minimal replicator containing two distinctive sequence elements: LANA binding sites (LBS1/2) and an adjacent 29- to 32-bp-long GC-rich sequence which we termed the replication element. Furthermore, the transcription factor Sp1 can bind to TR outside the minimal replicator and contributes to TR's previously reported enhancer activity.
Examining the joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and atrazine in the aquatic species: Lepomis macrochirus, Pimephales promelas and Chironomus tentans

The joint toxicity of chlorpyrifos and atrazine was compared to that of chlorpyrifos alone to discern any greater than additive response using both acute toxicity testing and whole-body residue analysis. In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and biotransformation were investigated to evaluate the toxic mode of action of chlorpyrifos in the presence of atrazine. The joint toxicity of atrazine and chlorpyrifos exhibited no significant difference in Lepomis macrochirus compared to chlorpyrifos alone; while studies performed with Pimephales promelas and Chironomus tentans, did show significant differences. AChE activity and biotransformation showed no significant differences between the joint toxicity of atrazine and chlorpyrifos and that of chlorpyrifos alone. From the data collected, the combination of atrazine and chlorpyrifos pose little additional risk than that of chlorpyrifos alone to the tested fish species.
Preferential expression in mushroom bodies of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and its role in learning and memory

Involvement of the cAMP cascade in Drosophila learning and memory is suggested by the aberrant behavioral phenotypes of the mutants dunce (cAMP phosphodiesterase) and rutabaga (adenylyl cyclase). Line DCO581, isolated via an enhancer detector screen for genes preferentially expressed in the mushroom bodies, contains a transposon in the first exon of the catalytic subunit gene (DCO) of protein kinase A (PKA). RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry show that DCO is preferentially expressed in the mushroom bodies. The DCO581 insertion and an independently isolated hypomorphic allele (DCOB10) each produce homozygous lethality and a 40% decrease in PKA activity in heterozygotes. This decrease has mild effects on learning but no effect on memory. However, the 80% reduction in activity obtained by constructing heteroallelic yet viable DCO581/DCOB10 animals results in a dramatic learning and memory deficit. These results suggest that PKA plays a crucial role in the cAMP cascade in mushroom bodies to mediate learning and memory processes.
Controlled release of trimedlure isomer C from a compressed disk and the evaluation of its attractiveness to the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Isomer C, the isomer of trimedlure most attractive to Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was obtained in nearly pure form as crystals from aged or refrigerated commercial trimedlure. Crystalline trimedlure-C was compressed into disks with a pellet mold, and the release rate of isomer C from the disks was determined in the laboratory using a volatile collection system. Field-trapping tests comparing pure isomer C in compressed disks, the commercial trimedlure mixture in cotton wicks, and commercial trimedlure in polymeric plugs showed that the isomer C disks were competitive in attractiveness with the two currently used formulations for 8 wk. Trap catches with these three baits did not indicate that the other isomers in the trimedlure mixture added to or reduced the attractiveness of trimedlure-C to male Mediterranean fruit flies. Compressed disks of isomer C provide a method of testing the most attractive trimedlure isomer at precisely controlled release rates and isometric purity, in either laboratory or field tests.
Plasma heating, electric fields and plasma flow by electron beam ionospheric injection

The electric fields and the floating potentials of a Plasma Diagnostics Payload (PDP) located near a powerful electron beam injected from a large sounding rocket into the auroral zone ionosphere have been studied. As the PDP drifted away from the beam laterally, it surveyed a region of hot plasma extending nearly to 60 m radius. Large polarization electric fields transverse to B were imbedded in this hot plasma, which displayed large ELF wave variations and also an average pattern which has led to a model of the plasma flow about the negative line potential of the beam resembling a hydrodynamic vortex in a uniform flow field. Most of the present results are derived from the ECHO 6 sounding rocket mission.
Cerebral Emboli and Serum S100β During Cardiac Operations

Abstract Background . The glial protein S100β has been used to estimate cerebral damage in a number of clinical settings. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the correlation between cerebral microemboli and S100β levels during cardiac operations. Methods . Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure emboli in the right middle cerebral artery. Emboli counts (n = 111) were divided into five time periods: (1) incision to aortic cannulation; (2) aortic cannulation to cross-clamp onset; (3) cross-clamp onset to cross-clamp release; (4) cross-clamp release to decannulation; and (5) decannulation to chest closure. The level of S100β (n = 156) was measured at baseline, at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, then 150 and 270 minutes after cross-clamp release. Results . The level of S100β correlated with age, cardiopulmonary bypass time, cross-clamp time, and number of emboli at time period 2. Although cardiopulmonary bypass time was univariately associated with S100β level, it became nonsignificant in a multivariable model that included age and cross-clamp time. Conclusions . The correlation of S100β level with emboli measured during cannulation (time period 2) supports the hypothesis that cannulation is a high-risk time period for cerebral injury.
Comparison of Hybrid Laryngotracheal Reconstruction to Traditional Single- and Double-Stage Laryngotracheal Reconstruction:

Objectives(1) To describe outcomes from and modifications to the hybrid laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) technique and (2) to compare this technique to traditional single- and double-stage LTR (ssLTR/dsLTR).Study DesignChart review with case series.SettingTertiary care otolaryngology specialty hospital.SubjectsAll patients under 18 years of age who underwent LTR by a single surgeon from July 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013.MethodsCharts were assessed for age, gender, etiology of stenosis, type of reconstruction, comorbidities, length of stay, complications, and tracheostomy status. Analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum analysis.ResultsForty-four patients were identified, with 13 hybrid LTRs, 27 ssLTRs, and 4 dsLTRs. Of the hybrid LTRs, an overall decannulation rate of 76.9% was noted, comparable to those for dsLTR. The hybrid LTR technique offered a significantly shorter period of narcotic use when compared to ssLTR (median 15 vs 21 days, P < .01). No patients in the hybrid L...
Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy

“Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy” is a grant funded by the National Institute of Justice to examine homicide in three urban areas. The goals of the project are (a) to document the nature of changes in homicide in three sites from 1980 to 1994; (b) to determine neighborhood correlates of changes in homicide victimization and offending patterns; and (c) to provide a preliminary assessment of the influence of police, welfare, educational, and recreational policies on the number and type of homicides evident in selected cities. These goals are addressed through different methodological approaches.
NAD-ase activity and glycolysis in Ehrlich-Lettre carcinoma and liver cell particulates

Abstract Determinations of NAD-ase activities by the alcohol dehydrogenase method show that the enzyme activity in rat liver cell mitochondria is approximately 30 times greater than in Ehrlich-Lettre carcinoma cell mitochondria; and the NAD-ase activity of liver cell sap is 8–10 times greater than in the carcinoma cell sap. The addition of liver cell mitochondria to tumor cell sap greatly reduces the glycolysis of the cell sap. Furthermore, nicotinamide when added to the liver mitochondria-cell sap system causes a threefold increase in glycolysis. The data suggests that NAD-ase has a controlling action on glycolysis of liver and Ehrlich carcinoma cell particulates.
Long-range alpha detector (LRAD) for contamination monitoring

The authors describe a novel long-range alpha detector (LRAD) in which alpha particles interact with the ambient air, producing ionization in the air at the rate of about 30000 ion pairs per megaelectronvolt of alpha energy. These charges can be transported over significant distances (several meters) in a moving current of air generated by a small fan. An ion chamber located in front of the fan measures the current carried by the moving ions. The LRAD-based monitor is more sensitive and more thorough than conventional monitors. The authors present current LRAD sensitivity limits and results, practical monitor designs, and proposed uses for LRAD monitors. >
Recursive Formulas for the Generalized LM-Inverse of a Matrix

In this paper, we present recursive formulas for the sequential determination of the generalized LM-inverse of a general matrix. The formulas are developed for a matrix augmented by a column. These formulas are particularized to obtain also recursive relations for the generalized L-inverse of a general matrix augmented by a column.
HUE ANGLE DETERMINATIONS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR MULTIQUADRANT HUNTER L,a,b DATA

For purposes of data analysis and data interpretation, it is important to have uniform representation of hue derived from the Hunter L, a, b color space. Using the standard calculation for hue [Arc tan (b/a)], positive signed results are generated for the first quadrant [+a, +b] only. The other quadrants should be handled so that a 360° representation is accommodated and results are expressed as positive signed numbers. Second quadrant [-a, +b] and third quadrant [−a, −b] calculations should be: hue = 180+Arc tan(b/a). Fourth quadrant [+a, −b] calculations should be: hue = 360+ Arc tan(b/a). Furthermore when planning statistical analysis of data which transverse the IV and I quadrant, tranformations of the data will continue increasing in hue angle from 361° on up as high as appropriate. A spreadsheet macro for achieving these results can be easily derived.