cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Work in progress - Anytime, anywhere active learning in computer science

This work-in-progress paper describes a web- based system that is being developed at Ohio University for developing and administering active learning assignments. The paper describes the design of the system, and its intended use in outcomes-based assessment of student learning in Computer Science. The system allows students to access active learning exercises via the web and provides students with immediate feedback on their work. Faculty use the system to design active learning assignments that tie student performance to achievement of specific course outcomes. This work-in-progress paper describes initial experiences with this system in an advanced course where both the software package JFLAP (An Interactive Formal Languages and Automata Package) and C++ programming are used.
IL-13 involvement in eosinophilic esophagitis: transcriptome analysis and reversibility with glucocorticoids.

Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an emerging worldwide disease that mimics gastroesophageal reflux disease. Early studies have established that esophageal eosinophilia occurs in association with T H 2 allergic responses, and we recently identified an EE-specific esophageal transcriptome that included eotaxin-3. Objective We sought to determine the mechanism by which this T H 2 response leads to EE. Methods Real-time PCR and microarray analysis were performed on RNA extracted from esophageal biopsy specimens and primary esophageal epithelial cell cultures stimulated with IL-13 (0-100 ng/mL). Transient transfections in esophageal cell lines were performed with plasmids containing the luciferase gene driven by eotaxin-3 promoter fragments and modified forms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6. Results The IL-13 mRNA level was markedly increased (16-fold) in esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with EE compared with those from healthy individuals. Furthermore, IL-13 treatment of primary esophageal epithelial cells was sufficient to induce a global-expression transcript profile that remarkably overlapped with the EE-specific esophageal transcriptome. In addition, esophageal epithelial cells markedly produce eotaxin-3 after IL-13 stimulation through a transcriptional mechanism dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 6. Lastly, increased IL-13 mRNA levels and the EE transcriptome were largely reversible with glucocorticoid treatment in vivo . Conclusions Taken together, we propose that the pathogenesis of EE is mediated by an IL-13–stimulated keratinocyte-derived transcriptome that is largely reversible with corticosteroid treatment. Furthermore, we identify an in vivo IL-13–induced transcriptome that has potential utility for target assessment after anti-IL-13 therapeutics. Clinical implications IL-13–induced pathways and genes are fundamental processes in the cause and manifestations of EE; as such, therapeutic agents that interfere with IL-13 might be particularly useful for disease treatment.
Exact equivalence of the Steiglitz-McBride iteration and IQML

The exact equivalence of the Steiglitz-McBride mode-1 algorithm and the iterative quadratic maximum likelihood algorithm (IQML) is demonstrated. Other methods, published earlier by L. L. Scharf et al. (1986) and by A.G. Evans and R. Fischl (1973), are also known to give the same equations and answer as IQML. Hence, all these methods are equivalent to the Steiglitz-McBride iteration. Since the IQML method was originally formulated to solve a multiple measurement case, an extended version of the Steiglitz-McBride mode-1 algorithm, applicable to the multiple measurement case, is also stated and shown to be equivalent to the general form of IQML. >
Edward Novitski: Drosophila virtuoso.

EDWARD Novitski, 1918–2006, was the acknowledged master of that special art of manipulating chromosomes during what Lucchesi (1994) called “the age of Drosophila chromosome mechanics.” Following the Sturtevant tradition, his guiding principle was to derive as much information as possible from breeding experiments with minimum use of direct cytological examination. Nobody could perform this kind of chromosome manipulation as well as Ed and he relished new challenges. (Novitski's closest friends and relatives, especially in later years, called him Eddie, a name he seems to have preferred. Those, such as ourselves, whose acquaintance extends over many years, knew him as Ed, which we shall adopt here.) He continued this kind of work long after the development of microbial and molecular genetics had carried the field in new directions. Another side of Novitski was a love of pranks and practical jokes, which were indeed clever, sometimes diabolically so. He reached what must be the pinnacle of achievement in this rarified atmosphere, for his reputation was such that pranks that he never carried out were attributed to him nonetheless. He admired Richard Feynman, a physics genius who also enjoyed such things as safe cracking, bongo drums, and practical jokes. Both men took great pleasure in “finding things out” and shared highly creative minds and a love of pranks. Fortunately, Ed completed an autobiographical memoir not long before his death (Novitski 2005). He was unusual; so, naturally, the book is unusual. It has four main sections. The first is “Fun and Games,” a series of anecdotes and practical jokes. The first prank is his most famous, perpetrated on Herschel Roman. Ed manipulated the seminar clock to run slowly so that Herschel, after finishing his talk, seemed to have an embarrassingly long period of time remaining to be filled. His attempts to extricate himself make an amusing story. The second part of Ed's book is the story of his own life. The third is his account of the rift between Alfred Sturtevant and Theodosius Dobzhansky. Novitski had the unique vantage point of having been successively a student of each of them, and he is clearly in Sturtevant's corner. The fourth part is titled “The Pleasure of Finding Things Out.” It recounts some of his most interesting intellectual challenges. The book is as idiosyncratic as Ed himself, a mixture of deep science, anecdotes, intellectual depth, and whimsy.
The Entry into the U.S. Labor Market of Antebellum European Immigrants, 1840–1860☆

Abstract This study examines the occupational mobility of antebellum immigrants as they entered the United States. White collar, skilled, and semiskilled immigrants left unskilled jobs more rapidly after arrival than farmers and unskilled workers. British and German immigrants fared better than the Irish; literate immigrants in rapidly growing counties and places with many immigrants fared best. These findings have implications for (1) the accuracy of estimates of immigrant occupational mobility, (2) the size of the human capital transfer resulting from antebellum immigration, and (3) the causes of the difficulty experienced by some immigrant groups in transferring their skills to the United States.
Automated identification and indexing of dislocations in crystal interfaces

We present a computational method for identifying partial and interfacial dislocations in atomistic models of crystals with defects. Our automated algorithm is based on a discrete Burgers circuit integral over the elastic displacement field and is not limited to specific lattices or dislocation types. Dislocations in grain boundaries and other interfaces are identified by mapping atomic bonds from the dislocated interface to an ideal template configuration of the coherent interface to reveal incompatible displacements induced by dislocations and to determine their Burgers vectors. In addition, the algorithm generates a continuous line representation of each dislocation segment in the crystal and also identifies dislocation junctions.
Patterns of new versus recycled primary production in the terrestrial biosphere

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability regulate plant productivity throughout the terrestrial biosphere, influencing the patterns and magnitude of net primary production (NPP) by land plants both now and into the future. These nutrients enter ecosystems via geologic and atmospheric pathways and are recycled to varying degrees through the plant–soil–microbe system via organic matter decay processes. However, the proportion of global NPP that can be attributed to new nutrient inputs versus recycled nutrients is unresolved, as are the large-scale patterns of variation across terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we combined satellite imagery, biogeochemical modeling, and empirical observations to identify previously unrecognized patterns of new versus recycled nutrient (N and P) productivity on land. Our analysis points to tropical forests as a hotspot of new NPP fueled by new N (accounting for 45% of total new NPP globally), much higher than previous estimates from temperate and high-latitude regions. The large fraction of tropical forest NPP resulting from new N is driven by the high capacity for N fixation, although this varies considerably within this diverse biome; N deposition explains a much smaller proportion of new NPP. By contrast, the contribution of new N to primary productivity is lower outside the tropics, and worldwide, new P inputs are uniformly low relative to plant demands. These results imply that new N inputs have the greatest capacity to fuel additional NPP by terrestrial plants, whereas low P availability may ultimately constrain NPP across much of the terrestrial biosphere.
An evaluation of respirator maintenance requirements.

A telephone survey was developed as part of a pilot study to evaluate the inspection, cleaning, maintenance, and storage aspects of respirator protection programs (RPP). Regulations and consensus standards such as those published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) require or recommend that RPP contain elements that ensure that the respirators provide proper protection. A great deal of research has been done to evaluate the effectiveness of new respirators; however, little research has been conducted to evaluate how respirators behave over time in real industrial settings. Respirator inspection, cleaning, maintenance, and storage are significant factors in determining how well a respirator continues to perform. The telephone survey was developed by reviewing the requirements and recommendations of CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2-1980. Approximately 30 companies were selected based on their use of nega...
ATM gene regulates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced nuclear factor-κB DNA-binding activity and downstream apoptotic cascade in mouse cerebrovascular endothelial cells

Background and Purpose— Cells lacking the ATM (ataxia telangectasia mutated) gene are hypersensitive to DNA damage caused by a variety of insults. ATM may regulate oxidative stress–induced signaling cascades involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcription factor that is upstream of a wide variety of stress-responsive genes. We investigated the potential interaction of ATM and NF-κB after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). Methods— Primary cultures of mouse CECs were subjected to OGD in the absence or presence of ATM antisense oligonucleotides or the NF-κB inhibitor SN50. ATM expression was determined with the use of reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, and NF-κB activity was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Cells were assessed for mitochondrial DNA damage with the use of long polymerase chain reaction and were assessed for caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity with the use of fluorogenic substrates. Cell death was determined...
The Lack of Maturation of Ebola Virus-Infected Dendritic Cells Results from the Cooperative Effect of at Least Two Viral Domains

Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are characterized by deficient T lymphocyte responses, T lymphocyte apoptosis, and lymphopenia in the absence of direct infection of T lymphocytes. In contrast, dendritic cells (DC) are infected but fail to mature appropriately, thereby impairing the T cell response. We investigated the contributions of EBOV proteins in modulating DC maturation by generating recombinant viruses expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and carrying mutations affecting several potentially immunomodulating domains. They included envelope glycoprotein (GP) domains, as well as innate response antagonist domains (IRADs) previously identified in the VP24 and VP35 proteins. GP expressed by an unrelated vector, but not the wild-type EBOV, was found to strongly induce DC maturation, and infections with recombinant EBOV carrying mutations disabling GP functional domains did not restore DC maturation. In contrast, each of the viruses carrying mutations disabling any IRAD in VP35 induced a dramatic upregulation of DC maturation markers. This was dependent on infection, but not interaction with GP. Disabling of IRADs also resulted in up to a several hundredfold increase in secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, these mutations induced formation of homotypic DC clusters, which represent close correlates of their maturation and presumably facilitate transfer of antigen from migratory DC to lymph node DC. Thus, an individual IRAD is insufficient to suppress DC maturation; rather, the suppression of DC maturation and the "immune paralysis" observed during EBOV infections results from a cooperative effect of two or more individual IRADs.
Simulation of underwater robots using MS Robot Studio

One stage in designing the control for underwater robot swarms is to confirm the control algorithms via simulation. To perform the simulation Microsoftpsilas Robotic Studiocopy was chosen. The problem with this simulator and others like it is that it is set up for land-based robots only. This paper explores one possible way to get around this limitation. This solution cannot only work for underwater vehicles but aerial vehicles as well.
Structural and functional cardiovascular changes and their consequences following interventional patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in dogs: 24 cases (2000–2006)

Objective—To investigate cardiovascular changes and survival times following complete interventional device occlusion of uncomplicated left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus in dogs. Design—Retrospective cohort study. Animals—24 dogs with uncomplicated patent ductus arteriosus that was fully occluded and reevaluated within 24 hours, approximately 3 months, and 1 year after the procedure. Procedures—Information on medical history, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment received, and survival times were obtained from medical records. Patients were allocated into 2 groups on the basis of age (< 1 year [n = 14] and ≥ 1 year [10]) at the time of the procedure. Additional follow-up information was obtained through interviews of owners and referral veterinarians. Results—Following ductal occlusion, decreases were detected in vertebral heart scale size, left ventricular chamber diameter in diastole and in systole, left atrial dimension, fractional shortening, aortic velocity, and ventricular wall thickne...
Misdiagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis Need for Continuing Follow-up and Reevaluation

A retrospective review was conducted of the charts of 271 patients with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) who were evaluated over a 15-year period at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Among these patients, eight were encountered in which the diagnosis of CF was made on the basis of a compatible clinical picture and at least two positive quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat tests but who were subsequently documented to have normal sweat electrolyte concentrations. Six of the eight patients had recurrent episodes of cough and wheezing without evidence of suppurative pulmonary disease. Our experience suggests that variability in sweat electrolyte concentrations may occur more commonly than is generally appreciated. In those patients who do not follow a typical course, it is crucial to repeat sweat tests, even if the initial diagnosis was based on two or more positive quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat tests performed in a CF referral center.
The effect of training procedures on the overlearning reversal effect in young children

Abstract The performance of 80 preschool children on a reversal problem was studied as a function of amount of training and type of training procedure used during acquisition and reversal. In the extinction phase of reversal learning, subjects given a correction procedure during the reversal problem made fewer perseverative errors than subjects given noncorrection. In the reversal midplateau phase of reversal learning, overtraining facilitated reversal learning for subjects receiving noncorrection during the acquistion problem, but not for subjects receiving correction. A shift in training procedure between acquisition and reversal increased the number of subjects who reached criterion immediately after perseveration. Since these results are difficult to explain in terms of traditional learning theories, an alternative response-switching strategy explanation was proposed.
Using Prompt Fading to Teach Self‐Questioning to Fifth Graders with LD: Effects on Reading Comprehension

Students with LD who struggle with reading comprehension can benefit from instruction on how to read strategically. One strategy that has been demonstrated to increase reading comprehension is self-questioning. In this study, two fifth graders with LD were taught to self-generate questions using a prompt fading procedure. The participants were provided with expository reading passages with embedded questions. As each participant demonstrated proficiency with answering the embedded questions correctly, the embedded questions were systematically faded and replaced with a prompt for the students to generate their own questions. A multiple baseline across participants design demonstrated that the self-questioning intervention resulted in improvements in reading comprehension for both students. Additionally, the students demonstrated evidence of maintenance and generalization of reading comprehension outcomes.
Passions and Realities of Training in Cardiology: Challenges for Fellows-in-Training

Currently, cardiology trainees are faced with the challenge of deciding whether to stay as a general cardiologist versus pursuing additional subspecialization within the multiple emerging branches in cardiology [(1)][1]. The first question posed to many is: Do you want to be an invasive or
Computerised prescribing for safer medication ordering: still a work in progress

Fuelled by compelling evidence that computerised provider order entry (CPOE) improves medication safety and the infusion of tens of billions of federal electronic medical record (EMR) stimulus dollars, electronic medication prescribing in the USA has gone from 70% of prescriptions being written electronically in just the past six years.1–4 Most medications are now ordered electronically both inside and outside the hospital, and they are being sent in electronically to pharmacies. Although many of the initial obstacles to the widespread adoption of CPOE such as physician resistance, lack of standards for electronically transmitting prescriptions to pharmacies and lack of standards for drug databases (leading some organisations to resort to ‘home-grown’ solutions) have been largely overcome, CPOE remains a work in progress. A series of studies by the U.S. Institute of Medicine and Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (HIT) have recently spotlighted a number of potential safety risks.5–7 To better understand these risks and the opportunities for improvement, particularly as they relate to drug names and drug ordering, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research's Division of Medication Error Prevention and Analysis contracted the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice to study CPOE and risks that could potentially lead to medication errors. The findings from this 2-year investigation have recently been compiled into a White Paper entitled Computerized Prescriber Order Entry Medication Safety (CPOEMS): Uncovering and Learning from Issues and Errors .8 It documents issues about which policy and patient safety leaders, along with clinicians, pharmacists and patients, need to be aware to minimise the risk of CPOE-related errors. Here, we share the main findings and our own perspectives based on this review of 10 CPOE systems (four inpatient, six outpatient) at six …
Abstract A88: Racial disparity in stage of diagnosis and survival among oral and pharyngeal cancer patients

Objectives: To explore racial differences in stage of diagnosis and survival among oral and pharyngeal cancer patients over the past three decades. Methods: We obtained 1981–2010 cancer patient data for anatomic sites of the oral and pharyngeal structure from the Florida Cancer Data System. These cancers were grouped into oral cavity (lip, tongue, salivary, floor of mouth, palate, and other oral cavity) and pharynx (base of tongue, tonsil, hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and other pharynx). Percentage of diagnoses at the late (regional and distant) and localized stages were computed for each of the time periods: 1981–1990, 1991–2000, and 2001–2010. In survival analysis, survival time (in month) was computed as the time between date of diagnosis and date of death. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated and compared using the Wilcoxon test. Results: For oral cavity, a higher percentage of Blacks were diagnosed at the late stage than Whites at each of the three time periods (59.1%, 57.9%, and 49.4% for Blacks and 35.1%, 37.1%, and 39.5% for Whites). Blacks had significantly poorer survival than Whites for cancer of the oral cavity diagnosed at the late stage (Wilcoxon Chi-square=13.3, p Conclusions: The racial disparity in stage of diagnosis in oral cavity cancer is larger than that in pharynx cancer. For pharyngeal cancer, both Whites and Blacks are more likely to be diagnosed at the late rather than the localized stage. Whites became increasingly more likely to be diagnosed at the late stage for pharyngeal cancer across time. By 2001–2010, Blacks and Whites had comparable rates of late-stage diagnosis. Overall, Blacks had poorer survival than Whites except that, for localized pharynx cancer, Whites and Blacks had comparable survival. The mean survival time for pharyngeal cancer is significantly lower than that for oral cavity cancer. Future research is needed to identify putative reasons behind the larger racial disparity in stage of diagnosis and survival for oral cavity cancer. We speculate that access to dentists, a primary source of oral cancer screenings is lower for Blacks than Whites, making early detection of oral cancer less likely for Blacks. Citation Format: Yi Guo, Henrietta Logan. Racial disparity in stage of diagnosis and survival among oral and pharyngeal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A88. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A88
Hydrogen Bond Geometry and 2H/1H Fractionation in Proteins

Measurement of 2H/1H equilibrium exchange (Φ) is commonly applied as an indirect probe of hydrogen bonds in small molecules. To expand the limited set of protein Φ measurements and to gain insight into the putative correlation between low Φ and hydrogen bond strength, we report measurements for two proteins, src SH3 and ubiquitin. A hydrogen bond network in Gallus gallus src SH3 domain, involving residues 30, 47, and 50, contributes ∼2.0 kcal/mol to native state stability and provides an excellent system in which to test the purported connection between hydrogen bonding networks and protium enrichment. All observed sites in src SH3 had fractionation factors greater than unity. In particular, the backbone protons associated with the hydrogen bond network at residues Glu30, Ser47, and Thr50 all exhibit moderate deuterium enrichment. Measured fractionation values in ubiquitin range from Φ = 1.52 for the amide of residue Ser20 to a remarkably low Φ = 0.29 for the amide of Thr9. The majority (75%) of backbone ...
PFG NMR Investigations of TPA−TMA−Silica Mixtures

Pulsed-field gradient (PFG) NMR studies of tetrapropylammonium (TPA)−tetramethylammonium (TMA)−silica mixtures are presented, and the effect of TMA as a foreign ion on the TPA-silica nanoparticle interactions before and after heating has been studied. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results suggest that silica nanoparticles in these TPA−TMA systems grow via a ripening mechanism for the first 24 h of heating. PFG NMR of mixtures before heating show that TMA can effectively displace TPA from the nanoparticle surface. The binding isotherms of TPA at room temperature obtained via PFG NMR can be described by Langmuir isotherms, and indicate a decrease in the adsorbed amount of TPA upon addition of TMA. PFG NMR also shows a systematic increase in the self-diffusion coefficient of TPA in both the mixed TPA−TMA systems and pure TPA systems with heating time, indicating an increased amount of TPA in solution upon heating. By contrast, a much smaller amount of TMA is observed to desorb from the nanoparticles upon he...
Cultivation of Vaccinia in Agar-Slant Tissue Cultures

SummaryThe cultivation of the vaccine virus in agar-slant tissue cultures was shown to be possible both with chick and mouse embryo tissues. The former was found to be distinctly superior so far as the growing qualities of the tissue are concerned.
Molecular Imaging and Microspectroscopy of Live Cells Using Immunotargeted Nanoparticles

We compare the expression of EGFR by epithelial carcinoma and neuroepithelial tumor cell lines using hyperspectral darkfield microscopy to measure the scattering spectra of immunolabeled plasmonic nanoparticles bound by cell surface receptors.
Fibular Position in Relation to Lateral Ankle Instability

Background:The position of the fibula within the ankle mortise may be a factor contributing to recurrent ankle instability. The current study was performed to determine whether significant differen...
Matching Supply and Demand for Hospital Services

Hospitals are nearly synonymous with the idea of a healthcare delivery system. They provide three main types of services: surgical services, emergency services, and inpatient services. In addition, some hospitals have outpatient clinics and facilities in which specialist consults and surgical services are provided on an outpatient basis. What challenges do hospital managers face in matching supply and demand for hospital services while maintaining service quality and keeping costs low? To what extent and how has the Operations Management (OM) literature contributed to addressing these challenges? What are emerging trends in practice? What opportunities and additional challenges do they pose for the OM researchers? This monograph is the authorsâ€™ attempt to address the questions posed above. Although service capacity could very well be defined in terms of the numerical count of physical and human resources, we have chosen to focus on the three main types of services that hospitals provide. In doing so, we expose the interconnectedness of these services and the challenges that arise due to the cascading effects of mismatches in any one area on all other hospital operations. Our goal is to expose key issues from practitioner perspectives, use representative data to highlight problems that are amenable to modeling using operations management tools, summarize state of the art in modeling such problems, and identify opportunities for future research. The monograph underscores several important observations. First, hospital administrators need to consider forces affecting demand and supply for services both inside and outside the hospital walls. Specifically, the option to shape and smooth demand for services, which is often underutilized, may provide significant new opportunities to lower the cost of matching demand and supply. Second, hospitals need both careful advance planning, based on patterns observed in historical data, as well as dynamic response strategies to unfolding reality that forces inevitable deviations from plans. Effective dynamic response may require administrators to invest in building alliances with other hospitals and flexibility (e.g. contingent staff). Third, the role of hospitals is changing. Innovations in payment mechanisms that bundle payment to hospitals and doctors, and offer incentives for lowering costs, are creating the need to design and implement effective gainsharing plans. These same forces have also increased the importance for hospital administrators of choosing the right number and specialization of salaried physicians, and building alliances with both upstream (e.g. primary care clinics) and downstream (e.g. skilled nursing facilities) service providers. OM researchers have addressed some of these topics, but significant new opportunities abound.
Caries inhibition of glass ionomers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate caries inhibition, comparing a new light-cured glass ionomer liner (Photac-Bond) to the chemically-cured Ketac-Bond, using a non-fluoride releasing linear (Pertac Universal Bond) as the control. Two standardized Class V preparations were placed in 30 permanent molars, the gingival margin placed below the cementoenamel junction. Equal numbers of preparations were restored with liners of Photac-Bond, Ketac-Bond and Pertac Universal Bond, according to the manufacturer's instructions. All teeth were subjected to an artificial caries challenge (pH 4.2) for 5 days, the teeth were sectioned, photographed under polarized light microscopy, and demineralized areas adjacent to the restoration margins were quantitated. Results demonstrated the mean (+/- S.D.) area (micron 2) demineralization 100 microns from the restoration gingival margin to be: Ketac-Bond 12.2 x 10(3) +/- 6.7 x 10(3); Photac-Bond 9.7 x 10(3) +/- 3.6 x 10(3); Pertac Universal Bond 22.3 x 10(3) +/- 8.2 x 10(3). Duncan's multiple range test indicated there was no statistically significant difference in demineralization inhibition comparing Ketac-Bond and Photac-Bond, yet both of these glass ionomer preparations demonstrated significantly less demineralization than the non-fluoride releasing Pertac Universal Bond control linear (P < 0.05).
Climate Politics in the Anthropocene and Environmentalism Beyond Nature and Culture in Brazilian Amazonia

This article examines the work of a group of scientists who contributed to influential climate policy approaches while taking part in groundbreaking research on climate transformations. The scientists promoted a policy approach known as REDD+, which was designed to slow climate change by paying forest landholders to not cut their forests. These scientists also made important contributions to the science of the Anthropocene, which is premised on the idea that humanity has become a geological force that is transforming the planet in disruptive ways. I argue that their science and policy efforts are at odds with anthropological critiques that view environmentalists as experts who see themselves as bearing exceptional “cultural” capacities and therefore as capable of protecting or improving “Nature.” In a region of Amazonia, the science of the Anthropocene and the associated REDD+ projects moved beyond ontological understandings that divide the world into the opposing spheres of Nature and Culture. The scientists did not see themselves as inhabiting a “cultural” sphere from which they could protect Amazonia as a “natural” object, but rather they used REDD+ projects to immerse themselves in what they felt were irreversible, uncontrollable, and disruptive socioenvironmental transformations.
Adolescent Male Conduct-Disordered Patients in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Examining the "Limited Prosocial Emotions" Specifier.

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5-defined conduct disorder (CD) with limited prosocial emotions (LPE) among adolescents in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, despite the high rates of CD in this population. We tested previously published methods of LPE categorization in a sample of male conduct-disordered patients in SUD treatment (N = 196). CD with LPE patients did not demonstrate a distinct pattern in terms of demographics or comorbidity regardless of the categorization method utilized. In conclusion, LPE, as operationalized here, does not identify a distinct subgroup of patients based on psychiatric comorbidity, SUD diagnoses, or demographics.
Investigation of detector light response modeling for a thick continuous slab detector

We investigate a method to improve the position decoding for thick crystal versions (i.e., /spl ges/8 mm) of our continuous miniature crystal element (cMiCE) PET detector by more accurately modeling the detector's light response function (LRF). The LRF for continuous detectors varies with the depth of interaction (DOI) of the detected photon. This variation of the LRF can result in a positioning error for two-dimensional positioning algorithms. The effect is greatest for photons interacting directly over a PMT channel or near the edge of the crystal. We explore a method to improve positioning performance by deriving two look up tables (LUTs), from the collected data, corresponding to the front and back regions of the crystal. The DETECT2000 simulation package was used to investigate the light response characteristics for a 48.8 mm by 48.8 mm by 10 (8) mm slab of LSO coupled to a 64 channel, flat panel PMT. Using DETECT2000 the light collected for each PMT channel versus interaction location in three dimensions is known. The data are then combined to produce the two dimensional light collection histograms that one would experimentally measure. Light collection histograms that have markedly non-Gaussian distributions (e.g., bimodal or have a high-end tail) are characterized as a combination of two Gaussian functions, where each Gaussian function corresponds to a DOI region of the crystal. The results indicate modest gains in positioning accuracy are achieved near the central region of the crystal. However, significant improvements in spatial resolution and positioning bias are achieved for the corner section of the detector.
A Real-time Streaming Media File Sharing Mechanism Based on P2P and SIP

P2P systems have high scalability, robustness and fault tolerance because of its no centralized server and the network self-organized itself. As the standard protocol for VoIP and NGN, SIP is a general protocol for establishing and controlling multimedia session. In this paper, we proposed a real-time streaming media sharing mechanism based on P2P and SIP, which uses Chord as the underlying distributed hash table (DHT). We use the advanced peer and piece selection algorithm to solve the real time media stream transmission. We have a redundancy design on the Tracker server to solve the Tracker server failure and bottleneck problem. The P2P combined with SIP real time stream transport mechanism supports user registration, media resource location, media streaming session establishment, and real-time media streaming playback online. Additionally, we give a simulation and test result.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Rodent Model Alters Osteocyte Protein Levels Controlling Bone Turnover.

Bone loss is a common comorbidity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to elevated fracture risk in these patients. Inflammatory factors associated with IBD cause increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation with multiple factors implicated as instigators of these alterations. In this project, we examined the influence of IBD on osteocytes proteins in male rats (2 months old) divided into two groups: induced gut inflammation via TNBS enema and vehicle control. We examined the prevalence of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), the anabolic factor insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), osteoclastogenesis regulators RANKL and OPG, and the bone formation inhibitor sclerostin in osteocytes in three bone compartments 4 weeks after initiation of gut inflammation. Histomorphometry of the proximal tibia and 4th lumbar vertebrae revealed lower bone volume, lower bone formation rate (BFR), lower osteoid surface (OS), and higher osteoclast surface (Oc.S) with TNBS. Tibial mid-shaft periosteal BFR was also lower with TNBS. Immunohistochemical staining of the distal femur demonstrated that %TNF-α+, %IL-6+, %RANKL+, and %OPG+ osteocytes were elevated in cancellous bone in TNBS animals compared to Vehicle. These changes were coincident with increased bone resorption. With regression analysis, %RANKL+ osteocytes statistically predicted the increase in cancellous Oc.S (R2 = 0.565). Increased %sclerostin+ osteocytes observed in the TNBS treatment predicted declines in cancellous OS (R2 = 0.581) as well as BFR in cancellous and cortical bone (R2 = 0.674, R2 = 0.908, respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, %IGF-I+ osteocytes increased in TNBS animals. In conclusion, the IBD model produced a systemic inflammation that altered the regulatory protein profile in osteocytes that control bone resorption and bone formation, likely contributing to IBD-induced bone loss. These data highlight a potential mechanistic role of osteocytes in inflammatory bone loss associated with IBD and systemic inflammation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Kevin Butterfield, The Making of Tocqueville’s America: Law and Association in the Early United States

Kevin Butterfield, The Making of Tocqueville’s America: Law and Association in the Early United States (Chicago University of Chicago Press, 2015). Pp. viii + 336. $40.00 (hardcover). ISBN 978-0-226-29708-8. In The Making of Tocqueville’s America , Kevin Butterfield draws our attention to the fact that the founding generation feared unchecked private governance just as much as it feared unchecked federal power. Rather than viewing civic associations simply as bastions of freedom protecting individuals from a potentially tyrannical state, early Americans worried about the power associations wielded over members and feared the ways they might trample the liberty interests of their members, both socially—such as by blackballing them from respectable society—and more importantly, politically, such as by controlling their votes. The book’s chapters are peppered with stories of civic associations endeavoring to sully the reputations of members who have fallen out of grace. Readers are encouraged to sympathize with the plight of a nineteen-year-old member of the Uranian Society, John Peter Van Ness—future mayor of Washington, DC—who was expelled from his political debate …
Muscle activation during resistance exercise at 70% and 90% 1‐repetition maximum in resistance‐trained men

Introduction Muscle activation was investigated during resistance exercise with 2 relatively high-intensity loads. Methods Ten resistance-trained men performed the leg press exercise to repetition failure: a set at 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and a set at 90% of 1RM. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess peak and mean muscle activation of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and vastus medialis. Results Peak and mean EMG remained greater at 90% than 70% 1RM across all repetitions (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Main effects for trial were also significant for mean EMG activity of the final common repetitions (P = 0.03) favoring 90% 1RM; however, peak EMG activity was similar during the final common repetitions of the 70% and 90% 1RM sets. Conclusions Across all repetitions, 90% 1RM appears to produce greater muscle activation during the leg press exercise, but similar peak EMG was observed during the final common repetitions of each set. Muscle Nerve 56: 505–509, 2017
60. Donne’s a Lecture upon the Shadow

(1962). 60. Donne’s a Lecture upon the Shadow. The Explicator: Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 114-118.
Observations on the plant hosts and possible mimicry models of "Lantern Bugs" ( Fulgora spp.) (Homoptera: Fulgoridae)

From the author's field observations and literature records, neotropical "Lantern Bugs" ( Fulgora spp.) are now known to use tree species of 5 families as resting, and presumably, feeding hosts: Simaroubaceae - Simarouba amara Aublet; Simaba versicolor St. Hilaire; Fabaceae Hymenaea oblongifolia (var. palustris (Ducke) Lee & Langenheim, Hymenaea coubaril Linnaeus; Myroxylon balsamum (Linnaeus) ; Rutaceae- Zanthoxylum sp. ; Lecythidaceae- Lecythis sp, ; Vochysiaceae- Vochysia tucanorum Martius. Most of these are producers of resins or noxious chemicals which may be sequestered by the bugs. These trees are also frequented by various arboreal lizards which are good candidates for models for mimicry by the bugs because of the reptilian-like appearance of the latter's large head protuberance and other structural and color features. The resemblance of Fulgora laternaria Linnaeus to Plica plica (Linnaeus) in the Iquitos area of Peru is especially close and this is postulated as the model in that area.
Voluntary, involuntary and temporary childlessness in the United States

Resume Cet article etudie la prevalence, les profils ainsi que les modeles d’infecondite aux Etats-Unis. Apres une revue de litterature, nous analysons les taux d’infecondite parmi les populations de femmes blanches, noires et hispaniques. Nous en examinons les tendances sur un siecle, de 1910 a 2010. Par la suite, nous utilisons les donnees du National Survey for Family Growth de 2006-2010 pour determiner la part d’infecondite volontaire, involontaire et temporaire parmi ces trois groupes de femmes. Une fois cette categorisation effectuee, nous estimons un modele de regression logistique multinomial afin de predire, pour chaque femme, la probabilite d’appartenir a un groupe infecond plutot qu’a un autre ou encore au groupe des femmes fecondes. Pour conclure, nous discutons certaines implications de nos analyses et predisons les niveaux et tendances futurs de l’infecondite. Abstract This article focuses on the prevalence, patterns and models of childlessness in the United States. We first review the childlessness literature. We then analyze childlessness rates among White, Black and Hispanic women. We examine childlessness trends for the 100-year period from 1910 to 2010 for the above three groups. Next we use data from the 2006-10 National Survey of Family Growth to examine the degree of voluntary, involuntary, and temporary childlessness among these groups of women. Having categorized the childless women according to their type of childlessness, we then estimate multinomial logistic regression equations predicting the likelihood of a woman being in each of the childlessness groups, versus being in the group of women having children. We conclude by drawing out some of the implications of our analyses and suggest the future prevalence and trends in childlessness.
A Realistic Theory of Law

This book articulates an empirically grounded theory of law applicable throughout history and across different societies. Unlike natural law theory or analytical jurisprudence, which are narrow, abstract, ahistorical, and detached from society, Tamanaha's theory presents a holistic vision of law within society, evolving in connection with social, cultural, economic, political, ecological, and technological factors. He revives a largely forgotten theoretical perspective on law that runs from Montesquieu through the legal realists to the present. This book explains why the classic question 'what is law?' has never been resolved, and casts doubt on theorists' claims about necessary and universal truths about law. This book develops a theory of law as a social institution with varying forms and functions, tracing law from hunter-gatherer societies to the modern state and beyond. Tamanaha's theory accounts for social influences on law, legal influences on society, law and domination, multifunctional governmental uses of law, legal pluralism, international law, and other legal aspects largely overlooked in jurisprudence.
Role Play in Medical Education to Address Student Mistreatment

Role-playing exercises, which help participants understand the experience of being harassed, can be helpful in addressing mistreatment in medical education.
The Effects of Ecdysteroid Hormones on Drosophila Melanogaster Cell Lines

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effects of ecdysteroid hormones on Drosophila melanogaster cell lines. Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental organism has undergone a renaissance in popularity during the last decade as its obvious genetic and cytogenetic advantages, along with its small genome, have been appreciated to be appropriate substrates for modern gene cloning techniques. The function of ecdysteroid hormones in insect metamorphosis has been the subject of several excellent reviews. When early embryos are dissociated into single cells and cultured, a variety of cell types appear during the ensuing weeks. Kc-H cells are simply a population descended from Kc that was named as a subline when it became apparent that they show the ancestral morphological response in an extreme form. Cell membranes and their properties have so far attracted little attention among Drosophila workers; the cell lines and their surface changes should furnish excellent raw material for a biochemical study of Drosophila cell surfaces.
Assessment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic, and Phobias with African Americans

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder with and without agoraphobia (PDA/PDWA), specific phobia, and social phobia are anxiety disorders that are commonly experienced among African Americans. Although burgeoning, the current empirical literature remains relatively sparse as it relates to culturally sensitive assessment of anxiety disorders. In some cases, cross-cultural comparisons denote differences between African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites (e.g., prevalence rates, mean differences on measures of anxiety) although other studies report mixed results. Along these lines, the goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of cultural considerations in the assessment of GAD, PD, and the phobias and summarize extant literature delineating culturally specific findings on “gold standard” assessments of the aforementioned anxiety disorders.