cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Single LipiFlow® Thermal Pulsation System Treatment Improves Meibomian Gland Function and Reduces Dry Eye Symptoms for 9 Months

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a single treatment with the LipiFlow® Thermal Pulsation System on signs of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and dry eye symptoms over a 9-month period.Methods: Patients (n = 42 eyes, 21 subjects) diagnosed with MGD and dry eye symptoms were recruited for a non-significant risk, prospective, open-label, 1-month clinical trial. Patients received a single 12-minute treatment using the LipiFlow® Thermal Pulsation System on each eye. The LipiFlow® device applies heat to the conjunctival surfaces of the upper and lower inner eyelids while simultaneously applying pulsatile pressure to the outer eyelid surfaces to express the meibomian glands. Patient symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Standard Patient Evaluation for Eye Dryness (SPEED) dry eye questionnaires; tear break-up time was measured with the dry eye test (DET™); and meibomian gland function was evaluated using a standardized diagnostic expression technique. Data are presented for ...
Otitis Media—Red Flags for Management: American Academy of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery 2013 Clinical Practice Guideline for Tympanostomy Tube Insertion

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is described as a collection of fluid in the middle ear, without signs or symptoms of acute ear infection ( Stool, Berg, Berman, & Carney, 1994). The accumulated fl...
Negative effects of destructive criticism: impact on conflict, self-efficacy, and task performance.

In Study 1, 83 undergraduates received either constructive criticism (feedback that was specific, considerate, and did not attribute poor performance to internal causes) or destructive criticism (feedback that violated these basic principles) of their work. Those who received destructive criticism reported greater anger and tension and indicated that they would be more likely to handle future disagreements with the source through resistance or avoidance and less likely to handle disagreements through collaboration or compromise. In Study 2, 106 undergraduates who received destructive criticism of their work on an initial task set lower goals and reported lower self-efficacy on two additional tasks than did subjects who received constructive criticism or no feedback. In Study 3, 108 employees of a large food-processing company rated the importance of 14 potential causes of conflict in their organization. Poor use of criticism was perceived as a more important cause of conflict and received higher ratings than did competition over resources or disputes overjurisdiction.
Osteoporotic fractures and associated hospitalizations among patients treated with teriparatide compared to a matched cohort of patients not treated with teriparatide.

AbstractObjective:To compare fractures and fracture-related resource utilization (RU) among patients with a recent fracture and treated with teriparatide (TPTD) to a matched cohort of patients not treated with TPTD (non-TPTD).Research design and methods:Women aged 50 years or older initiating TPTD (N = 5314; index date between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2012) were identified in an insurance claims database. Patients with fragility fracture (hip, pelvis, clavicle, humerus, wrist, leg or spine) during the 12 months prior to the index date (N = 1164) were selected to control for unmeasured confounding due to absence of bone mineral density test levels. TPTD patients were matched to the non-TPTD cohort using propensity score and exact matching (N = 912). Relative risk (RR) of fracture and fracture-related RU were estimated by Cox proportional hazard modeling, adjusted for potential fracture risk factors.Results:Fractures were observed in 4.6%, 8.6%, 10.3%, and 11.3% of TPTD patients and in 9.2%, 15.2%, 19...
Progress in Computer Simulation of Bulk, Confined, and Surface-initiated Polymerizations

In this article we provide a brief summary of computational techniques applied to investigate polymerization reactions in general, with a focus on systems under confinement and initiated from surfaces. We concentrate on two major classes of techniques, i.e., stochastic methods and molecular modeling. We describe the major principles of the two classes of methodologies and point out their strengths and weaknesses. We review a variety of studies from the literature and conclude with an outlook of these two classes of computer simulation approaches as they are applied to ‘‘grafting from’’ polymerizations.
Market evolution and economic development: The evolution of impersonal markets

An attempt is made to integrate the concepts of embedded exchange and impersonal exchange via the notion of integrated markets. The more integrated market exchange is, the more likely that each potential actor in the exchange process is linked to a large number of others. As a result, it is less likely that buyers and sellers will choose to cheat each other, and market exchange thrives. Integration occurs as a result of bridging structural holes in social networks and is carried out by entrepreneurial middlemen. Their activities are characterized by significant increasing returns to scale. Thus coordination is likely to be necessary for integrated markets to develop.
Simon and Polanyi on Rationality and Knowledge

Organizational researchers cite Simon and Polanyi without adequately acknowledging and dealing with the disparities in their perspectives on rationality and knowledge. This study explains the views of Simon and Polanyi and traces their disparities to differing underlying philosophical perspectives. Simon's research emphasized cognition over action, explicit knowledge over tacit knowledge, mechanistic information processing over human judgment, and means over ends. Polanyi provides counterbalancing emphases for each of these orientations in his explanation of skillful performance. The latter portion of this study draws conclusions about the perspectives of Simon and Polanyi and identifies implications for research on rationality and knowledge management.
Propulsion technology effect on weapon system reliability

A methodology for estimating the reliability of weapon systems early in development, even before system testing, has been applied to four types of advanced gun propulsion (advanced solids, liquid propellant, electromagnetic, and electrothermal) for three different weapon system types (artillery, armor, and air defense). The goals were to determine the feasibility of developing a methodology by which the reliability of systems resulting from tech base programs could be estimated and to develop reliability projections of artillery, armor, and air defense weapon systems resulting from the tech base efforts in new propulsion systems. The performance characteristics of the systems are defined, the approach taken in the study is described, and the results are summarized. The numerical reliability results are not intended to be used for determining reliability requirements for these weapon systems but instead to give the system designer a better understanding of those subsystems which are expected to be high risk. >
Persistent cold climatic episodes around Greenland and Baffin Island: Links to decadal‐scale sea surface temperature anomalies

Two unusually persistent cold episodes around Greenland and Baffin Island in 1971-1972 and 1982-1984 are described in terms of their severity, atmospheric circulation variability, and changes in sea surface conditions. The episodes are significant due to the sizeable station temperature departures, many exceeding one standard deviation, and their persistence. In both episodes unusually persistent cold pools of water developed in the northern Atlantic and intensified near Davis Strait close to the onset of the cold climatic events and then migrated out of the region as the episodes came to a close. Anomalous northerly surface air flow occurs in most months during the two episodes.
TNF-α impairs heart and skeletal muscle protein synthesis by altering translation initiation

This study examined potential mechanisms contributing to the inhibition of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and heart after administration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Rats had vascular catheters implanted, and TNF-alpha was infused continuously for 24 h. TNF-alpha decreased in vivo-determined rates of global protein synthesis in gastrocnemius (39%) and heart (25%). The TNF-alpha-induced decrease in protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius involved a reduction in the synthesis of both myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins. To identify potential mechanisms responsible for regulating mRNA translation, we examined several eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and elongation factors (eEFs). TNF-alpha decreased the activity of eIF-2B in muscle (39%) but not in heart. This diminished activity was not caused by a reduction in the content of eIF-2B epsilon or the content and phosphorylation state of eIF-2 alpha. Skeletal muscle and heart from TNF-alpha-treated rats demonstrated 1) an increased binding of the translation repressor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) with eIF-4E, 2) a decreased amount of eIF-4E associated with eIF-4G, and 3) a decreased content of the hyperphosphorylated gamma-form of 4E-BP1. In contrast, the infusion of TNF-alpha did not alter the content of eEF-1 alpha or eEF-2, or the phosphorylation state of eEF-2. In summary, these data suggest that TNF-alpha impairs skeletal muscle and heart protein synthesis, at least in part, by decreasing mRNA translational efficiency resulting from an impairment in translation initiation associated with alterations in eIF-4E availability.
Mapping the color space of saccadic selectivity in visual search.

Color coding is used to guide attention in computer displays for such critical tasks as baggage screening or air traffic control. It has been shown that a display object attracts more attention if its color is more similar to the color for which one is searching. However, what does similar precisely mean? Can we predict the amount of attention that a display color will receive during a search for a given target color? To tackle this question, two color-search experiments measuring the selectivity of saccadic eye movements and mapping out its underlying color space were conducted. A variety of mathematical models, predicting saccadic selectivity for given target and display colors, were devised and evaluated. The results suggest that applying a Gaussian function to a weighted Euclidean distance in a slightly modified HSI color space is the best predictor of saccadic selectivity in the chosen paradigm. Hue and intensity information by itself provides a basis for useful predictors, spanning a possibly spherical color space of saccadic selectivity. Although the current models cannot predict saccadic selectivity values for a wide variety of visual search tasks, they reveal some characteristics of color search that are of both theoretical and applied interest, such as for the design of human–computer interfaces.
Comparison between continuous and discrete-time model truncation

The continuous and discrete-time balanced truncation (BT) and balanced stochastic truncation (BST) model reduction methods and their error bounds are reviewed. The investigation of the differences between the continuous and discrete-time model reduction methods yields a one-step-at-a-time discrete-time BT method, a one-step-at-a-time discrete-time BST method, and an important new relative-error bound for continuous-time BST. The new relative-error bound differs from previous results in that the error is relative to the truncated model rather than the original model. Three other results come out from the analysis: (i) algorithms for discrete-time BST, (ii) error bound comparisons, and (ii) transformations between different power spectrum factorizations. The formulas and the properties of bilinear transformations used in the comparison analysis are provided. >
Real Time Signal Processing-Seminar Introduction

A brief introduction of the purpose and organization of this seminar is given. In addition, papers in this seminar are indexed according to their approaches to the realization of real time signal processing to provide a bird's eye view of this diversified field.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Processor allocation in hypercube multiprocessors

The processor allocation problem requires recognizing and locating a free subcube that can accommodate a request for a subcube of a specified size for an incoming task. Methods reported in the literature fall into two strategies: bottom-up or bit mapped technique (BMT) and top-downer available cube technique (ACT). Our algorithm that solves the allocation problem in faulty hypercubes falls into the category of ACT's which offer the advantage over BMT's of quickly recognizing whether or not a requested subcube is available in the list of fault-free subcubes. We introduce new algebraic functions and the concept of separation factor to select a subcube for allocation. The notion of overlap-syndrome, defined in the text, quantifies the overlap among free subcubes. Our technique has full subcube recognition ability and thus recognizes more subcubes as compared to bit mapped techniques: Buddy, Gray code and its variants. The advantages of our approach over some of the existing ACT's in terms of fragmentation and overall completion time are described in the text and in simulation results. >
Quantifying the Potential Benefit of Sigmoidoscopic Rescreening for Colorectal Cancer

After a person has tested as negative on their first screening test for a given cancer, how soon should a second test be performed? In a perfect world, the answer to this question, at least in terms of efficacy, would be obtained from the results of randomized trials that examine the occurrence of cancer mortality in persons assigned to different rescreening frequencies. However, trials of this type are difficult and not commonly conducted, so it is necessary to look for guidance from studies that seek to estimate the occurrence of clinically important lesions after an initially negative screen (1). Some relevant data can come from studies that document the incidence of clinically detected disease over time following a negative screening exam. For flexible sigmoidoscopy, such studies have been both cohort (2) and case–control (3–6) in design. The results of randomized trials of screening sigmoidoscopy, in which the incidence of distal colon and rectal cancers is monitored over time among initially screen-negative persons, are relevant as well (7,8). Each of these study designs has the virtue of focusing on an endpoint that generally is clinically relevant but has some potential limitations with respect to informing decisions regarding a screening interval. For example, some tumors are not detectable by screening before their clinical presentation. It is also possible that by the time they are clinically apparent, some malignancies may no longer be amenable to effective treatment; a screening interval determined by the period between a negative screening exam and the clinical diagnosis may be longer than the one that could best
A universal framework for concurrent security

Cryptography today has evolved far beyond its traditional goal of secure message transmission. Through the notion of secure computation, a set of mutually distrustful agents can collaborate to accomplish a common goal while preserving each agent's privacy to a maximal extent. In the seminal works of Yao and Goldreich, Micali and Wigderson, it was shown that any computational task can be securely implemented through a protocol. Traditionally, the rules governing privacy for these protocols have been designed to work only when a single execution running in isolation. However, with the advent of the Internet, many transactions occur simultaneously, and the protocols designed for the single execution setting fail to remain secure in a concurrent setting. While both the need and definitions for concurrent security were realized in the early 90's, practical protocols that are concurrently secure are lacking. The protocols designed for concurrent security, thus far, have mostly relied on having a trusted setup or a relaxed definition of security. In this thesis, we put forward a unified framework for the construction of concurrently secure protocols both with and without trusted set-up. This framework not only provides a conceptually simple solution for essentially all previous results, but also significantly improves efficiency and reduces the requirements on the trusted setup used in these works. Moreover, in several setup models, our constructions are tight with respect to computational assumptions and efficiency.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING METHOD AND TRAINEE AGE ON THE ACQUISITION OF COMPUTER SKILLS

This experiment examined the influence of training method and trainee age on performance during training in the acquisition of computer software skills. A behavioral modeling training method yielded consistently superior computer software mastery compared with a nonmodeling approach. Older trainees exhibited significantly lower performance than did younger trainees in both the modeling and the nonmodeling training conditions. Findings are discussed in terms of strategies for overcoming older worker technological obsolescence.
bareback sex and the quest for HIV: assessing the relationship in internet personal advertisements of men who have sex with men

Technological changes have led to the development of numerous niche markets for personal ads. Included is the market of men seeking men for bareback (i.e., unprotected) sex. Both common assumptions and the scant literature suggest these men are actively seeking HIV infection. This research assesses a sample of Internet personal ads in order to identify a profile of barebackers and to determine whether barebackers are actively seeking HIV infection. Results suggest Internet personal ads are more explicitly sexual than traditional personal ads, and, although despite large numbers of such personal ads there is little evidence of a direct link between a preference for bareback sex and an active quest for HIV infection.
Drosophila Eye as a Model to Study Regulation of Growth Control: The Discovery of Size Control Pathways

Regulation of growth control is essential for normal development and for maintaining homeostasis in all organisms. Growth regulation involves control of cell proliferation and coordinate regulation of processes required for normal developmental patterning, e.g., regulation of cell growth, signaling from morphogens, other patterning genes, and regulation of programmed cell death. The common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is particularly well-suited for studying genetic regulation of growth control given the large variety of genetic tools available, and the ability to study tissue- and cell-specific defects in flies. The eye imaginal disc is a favored model for studying growth regulation because the genetic hierarchy of eye development and the regulation of cell cycles are well-understood. The eye imaginal disc is a very versatile model system particularly for genetic screens, as the phenotypes are relatively easy to score, and lethal mutants can be recovered. In this chapter, we focus on the regulation of growth control through the Hippo and insulin-receptor/tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathways—beginning with the genetic screens through which the initial pathway mutants were identified, the components of these complex signaling networks, and the regulatory relationships that are currently known amongst and between pathway components.
Governance: Role Of Boards In Women Owned Businesses

According to Astrachan, et al. (2003), family businesses “generate no less than 64 percent of USA gross domestic product, and … employ a whopping 62 percent of the nation’s work force.” While the economic impact is evident, the state of governance may not be so apparent. In light of this information, two questions bearing examination are: (1) Is governance a critical issue for family owned businesses; (2) If so, how may these firms address these questions? Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh developed and administered a survey to collect data about family business boards. A companion study, with its focus on women business owners, was conducted by Meredith College researchers. This paper compares and reports the results.
Staffing model for dental wellness and readiness.

ABSTRACT Oral health is an integral part of general health. Previous research has shown that untreated oral conditions can result in increased rates of disease and nonbattle injury for deployed soldiers. The purpose of this study was to develop models for U.S. Army dental wellness and readiness using a multivariate regression analysis approach. Staffing levels and dental wellness and readiness rates were examined for the first three quarters of fiscal year 2002 at 40 Army installations. Full regression model equations were developed for percent dental wellness and readiness using location, time, dental provider types, and basic training installation as predictor variables. Both models were shown to be statistically significant, with wellness R2 = 0.37, F12,107 = 5.18, p < 0.001 and readiness R2 = 0.23, F12,107 = 2.65, p < 0.01. Further tests of specific predictor effects revealed that wellness was significantly associated with the specialties of general dentistry, hygienists, and oral surgery, and that re...
Observing b → s μ+μ− decays at hadron colliders

We examine the prospects for observing weak flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) decays ofB mesons at hadron colliders, including effects of anomalousWWZ vertices. Since it is very difficult to measure the inclusive rate B → Xs l+l− one should consider exclusive modes such as B→K* μ+ μ− and B→ Kμ+ μ−. Even though this requires one to compute hadronic matrix elements, we show that experimentally observable quantities (ratios of decay rates) are not strongly parametrisation dependent. Some possibilities for reducing the theoretical uncertainties from other experimental data are discussed.
An improved method for production of Sphaerobolus fruit bodies in culture

apices from aerial hyphae. The clavate conidiophore apex or vesicle is not usually produced by P. citreoviride, however, Citromyces sormanii Carbone, an organism described as having simple or branched conidiophores that broaden to a clavate apex, was regarded as a possible synonym of P. citreoviride (4). Pitt (3) placed P. citreoviride in synonymy with Penicillium citreonigrum Dierckx and described the conidiophores as being nonvesiculate. He observed that the species most closely related to P. citreonigrum is probably Penicillium miczynskii Zaleski, which produces metulae. It is interesting to note that sclerotigenic strains of P. miczynskii {^Penicillium pedemontanum Mosca & Fontana) are known producers of citreoviridin (2, 5). NRRL 13013 also produces small sclerotia on Czapeks agar. This is the first observation of sclerotium production in Penicillium citreo? viride. I do not believe that the differences between NRRL 13013 and P. citreo?
Amenity, accessibility and housing values in metropolitan USA: A study of Salt Lake County, Utah

Abstract Negative amenities, such as air pollutions, have plagued many rapidly growing cities. However, researchers have not comprehensively examined their effects on housing values and on the local economy. These effects may be spatially auto-correlated with accessibility factors, differ in how they are dispersed over space and time, and have sizable localized effects. In this study, we use the assessed property value data and hedonic pricing models to examine consumers' underlying preferences for various amenities and accessibility factors in Salt Lake County, with a particular focus on air pollutions and forest coverage. Three models are used to address the problem of special and temporal heterogeneity. Results from ordinary least squares (OLS) regression show that single-family home values are affected not only by structural attributes, but also by urban amenities and accessibility factors such as air pollution, forest coverage, quality of public schools, and commuting cost. After controlling the covariates in spatial lag regression (SLR), we find that air pollutions and the lack of forest coverage have a significant and detrimental effect on housing values over time. Finally, results from geographically weighted regression (GWR) indicate that spatial heterogeneity is evident and that the forest coverage has more positive influences in the east side of Salt Lake County, while the negative effect of air pollutions is less pronounced on housing values in the southeast. However, air pollutions and forest cover matter irrespective of the method used.
Load Calculations and Energy Modeling

In designing the HVAC system for a building the first step is always to calculate the heat gain and heat loss during cooling and heating periods. From that point on, the designer will be capable of understanding and deciding what type and what size equipment should be selected to fulfill the comfort and functional criteria in the building. ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook has been proposing and updating its recommended approaches for load calculation during the past few decades.
Systematic review of risk stratification of pediatric ventricular arrhythmia in structurally normal and abnormal hearts

Abstract Pediatric ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurs in both structurally normal and abnormal hearts. Spontaneous, sustained VT has an incidence of 1/100,000 among children. However, short episodes of VT can occur in up to 3% of healthy teenagers and up to 16% in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Prevalence of VT after tetralogy of Fallot repair has been estimated to be between 3% and 14% in several large clinical series, with a 2% incidence of cardiac death over 32years. Because VT-related fatality is more prevalent in adults, it was previously believed that VT in children/adolescents had the same characteristics, etiologies, and outcomes despite not having evidence-based data. So, our systematic literature review was designed to identify evidence-based characteristics, etiologies, and risk stratification of the benign and malignant types of VT. We performed a systematic review of the literature using P referred R eporting I tems for S ystematic Reviews and M eta- A nalyses (PRISMA) guidelines. "PubMed," "Science Direct," "Web of Science", "CINAHL" and "Cochrane" databases were searched for relevant studies using the search terms "ventricular tachycardia," "pediatric," "children," "management," "risk," and "treatment". Inclusion criteria included neonatal/pediatric/adolescent subjects; retrospective or prospective case series, case-control studies that described natural history of idiopathic VT in structural normal hearts, and sudden cardiac death risk factors in secondary VT in structurally normal or abnormal hearts. Studies were excluded if they were performed using animal models, exclusively described adult patients, or were review articles. We found 64 studies focused on three types of pediatric VT. These can be subdivided as follows: Idiopathic VT in structurally normal heart (24 studies), secondary VT in structurally normal hearts (22 studies), and VT in structurally normal hearts (18 studies). We propose an algorithm to differentiate benign from malignant VT using EKG morphologies, Holter criteria, and echocardiography. Also we risk stratify SCD in secondary pediatric VT in patients with structurally normal as well as structurally abnormal hearts in evidence-based methodology. Pediatric VT can be benign or malignant according to underlying etiologies. We propose an evidence-based algorithm to make this differentiation, followed by risk stratification of SCD in malignant and secondary VT in structurally normal or abnormal hearts.
Food for Thought: Analyzing Public Opinion on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

This project explores public opinion on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in news and social media outlets, and tracks elected representatives' voting records on issues relating to SNAP and food insecurity. We used machine learning, sentiment analysis, and text mining to analyze national and state level coverage of SNAP in order to gauge perceptions of the program over time across these outlets. Results indicate that the majority of news coverage has negative sentiment, more partisan news outlets have more extreme sentiment, and that clustering of negative reporting on SNAP occurs in the Midwest. Our final results and tools will be displayed in an on-line application that the ACFB Advocacy team can use to inform their communication to relevant stakeholders.
Escaping Jurassic Government: How to Recover America's Lost Commitment to Competence by Donald F. Kettl

Kettl, D. F. (2016). Escaping jurassic government: How to recover America’s lost commitment to competence . Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. $25.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978- 0815-72801-6.
Feed supplements to maintain performance and health

Recent reports in the literature confirm the links between exercise, inflammation, immune system response and the use of food components and nutraceuticals to modulate these responses (Franke et al., 2005). To that end, recent work conducted at Rutgers examined the anti-inflammatory effects of a number of food extracts. In vitro studies demonstrated efficacy in cell culture and a rodent model demonstrated efficacy in reducing experimentally induced- inflammation model (Franke et al., 2005). Follow up studies focused on the most promising extracts with the horse utilized as an intermediate animal model (Franke et al., 2005). Those studies were funded by the US Department of Defense with the rationale that food extracts with anti-inflammatory properties could replace or reduce the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) for the reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness in humans.
An Introduction to Choice No-Fault

“Choice” no-fault automobile insurance refers generally to any automobile accident recovery regime in which individuals purchasing automobile insurance policies are afforded a choice between traditional tort recovery on the one hand, and some variant of no-fault, with a barrier to tort recovery, on the other. Currently, only three jurisdictions in North America Kentucky, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania offer insureds some form of choice system. However, choice no-fault has received considerable attention from academics at least since the publication of a seminal 1986 law review article by Jeffrey O’Connell and Robert H. Joost (see O’Connell and Joost, 1986). Furthermore, since 1997, legislation has been pending in both Houses of the U.S. Congress to provide a federal mandate for choice no-fault. Under this plan, each state would be strongly encouraged to offer insureds a no-fault alternative to traditional tort recovery. Additionally, over the past 10 years, legislatures in several states (e.g., Rhode Island) have given serious consideration to bills aimed at establishing choice systems.
Community-Based Scallop Restoration: A Model for Knowledge Circulation Theory

The transdisciplinary (TD) approach is a key tool for knowledge translation and circulation among various communities of knowledge, including scientists from different disciplines and non-academic stakeholders from diverse backgrounds, participating collaboratively to address local social-ecological challenges. This chapter analyzes the transdisciplinary approach used by Mote Marine Laboratory, a Florida residential research institute, to achieve collaboration among scientists and local stakeholders for restoring fisheries’ resources and a local environmental icon, the bay scallop. These activities generated knowledge production and integration among stakeholders with different values, interests, and knowledge contributions. The mechanisms of knowledge-based collaboration among diverse stakeholders are discussed along with key strategies used to promote effective interactions and mutual learning among all knowledge holders, from traditional to formal science practitioners.
Theorizing Journalism’s Institutional Relationships: An Elaboration of Gatekeeping Theory

This essay reexamines the institutional level of gatekeeping theory by retheorizing journalism’s institutional relationships and uses Silicon Valley technology platforms as a case in point. The ess...
Corrigendum: Satellite detection of cover crops and their effects on crop yield in the Midwestern United States (2018 Environ. Res. Let. 13 064033 )

The original raw dataset used to generate this work contained a number of duplicate entries—roughly 7% of the total farm fields. The substantive majority of these were from one large farm that had conducted their operations in a way that caused duplication as a side effect in our data generation process. Unfortunately, as the error was in the raw dataset, its correction required a re-run of the entire data pipeline, resulting in numerous small downstream changes. With respect to the most important numbers, the accuracy of the classifier went down slightly from 91.5% to 91.2% measured in absolute terms but increased from 0.68 to 0.74 measured by kappa. The trend in cover cropped acres grew slightly stronger, and the yield effects in maize and soybean moved from 0.65% to 0.71% and 0.35% to 0.29% respectively. None of the overall conclusions of the work have materially changed. Below, we provide all changes to the applicable sections of the original manuscript in bold underscore (or strikethrough) where applicable, in addition to modified versions of the corresponding figures and supplementary materials.
Analysis of Neutron-Induced Multibit-Upset Clusters in a 14-nm Flip-Flop Array

We report a detailed analysis of neutron-induced multibit-upset (MBU) clusters measured from flip-flop arrays implemented in a 14-nm trigate CMOS. Depending on the strike location, charge collection efficiency, and circuit topology, the MBU clusters are characterized in terms of size and span, and a qualitative first-order analysis has been presented. A novel MBU analysis framework has been demonstrated that uses a weighted sliding window to characterize MBU clusters efficiently and accurately with minimal double-counting or mischaracterization of cluster size. To further explain the relative MBU cross sections, the unique MBU patterns extracted from measured data have been studied and analyzed to find layout dependencies. The results show the strong correlation between the internode proximity and MBUs. The analysis shows a higher soft error rate (SER) cross section for smaller MBU cluster size and smaller span while the bigger clusters have lower contribution toward overall MBU SER.
Cultivating Adolescents' Academic Identity: Ascertaining the Mediating Effects of Motivational Beliefs Between Classroom Practices and Mathematics Identity.

Teaching mathematics involves helping students develop mathematical skills and empowering students to see themselves as capable of participating in and being knowers and doers of mathematics. Extant research has postulated that mathematics identity is a critical contributor to adolescents’ mathematics achievement and subsequent academic success. Guided by motivation and instructional quality theories, this classroom-based study examined a mediating mechanism through which teacher practices associated with mathematics identity through motivational beliefs (i.e., expectancies, task values, and cost value). Participants included 525 sixth-grade students (48.6% male; 64% European American, 34% African American, 2% other race; 58.6% free-or-reduced lunch) in the United States. The findings suggest that competence beliefs and task values, except for cost value, mediated the association between teacher practices and mathematics identity. These mediation pathways also differed by race. The mediating role of mathematics expectancies was stronger for European American adolescents, while the mediating role of mathematics task values was stronger for African American adolescents, though effect sizes were relatively modest. Teachers seeking to develop students’ mathematics identity—especially in their minority or stereotyped students—might consider enhancing their sensitivity to students’ psychological needs, quality of feedback, and instructional learning supports in their daily interaction with students.
MitoMut: An Efficient Approach to Detecting Mitochondrial DNA Deletions from Paired-end Next-generation Sequencing Data

Next-generation sequencing technologies paired with bioinformatics analysis pipelines are necessary to elucidate the causes and functional consequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. Various methods exist that accurately detect and quantify deletions in nuclear DNA, but due to special characteristics of mtDNA, these methods are inaccurate in the detection of mtDNA deletions. Recently, a few tools have emerged specifically for detecting deletions in mtDNA. However, these tools often require large amounts of RAM and have significant run times. For a scientist using a personal computer to analyze their data without access to a high-performance cluster, these limitations can be barriers to use. Therefore, efficient tools for detecting mtDNA deletions are necessary. Here we present MitoMut, a tool capable of efficiently and effectively analyzing mitochondrial deletions while maintaining user freedom. MitoMut runs easily on personal computers and scales well for use in large bioinformatics pipelines. We thoroughly tested MitoMut on simulated and real data, showing that it can detect deletions at low heteroplasmy ($
Roboat: An Autonomous Surface Vehicle for Urban Waterways

Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are typically designed for open area marine applications. In this paper, we present a new autonomy system (Roboat) for urban waterways which requires robust localization, perception, planning, and control. A novel localization system, based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), is proposed for USVs, which utilizes LiDAR, camera, and IMU to provide a decimeter-level precision in dynamic GPS-attenuated urban waterways. Area and shape filters are proposed to crop water reflections and street obstacles from a pointcloud. Euclidean clustering and multi-object contour tracking are then introduced to detect and track the static and moving objects reliably in urban waters. An efficient path planner is tailored to calculate optimal trajectories to avoid these static and dynamic obstacles. Lastly, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme with full state integration is formulated for the four-control-input robot to accurately track the trajectory from the planner in rough water. Extensive experiments show that the robot is able to autonomously navigate in both the indoor waterway and the cluttered outdoor waterway in the presence of static and dynamic obstacles, implying that Roboat could have a great impact on the future of transportation in many coastal and riverside cities.
Simulating onset and evolution of thermal runaway in Li-ion cells using a coupled thermal and venting model

Abstract A coupled, thermal and gas generation/venting model has been developed for simulating the onset and evolution of thermal runaway in 18650 format Li-ion battery cells. The model simulates heat and gas generation during external heating of an electrically isolated cell that results in thermal runaway. Gas generation within the cell leads to pressure build up until the point at which the vent mechanism opens and relieves the internal pressure. Compressible flow of gases is modeled through the vent cap as a function of pressure ratio across the vent. The energy balance of the battery cell includes: heat generated from decomposition reactions and electrical short, external heat transfer to the surroundings, heat absorbed with vaporization and melting processes, as well as the energy loss as material is vented from the cell. The model was able to capture features of the temperature evolution of the battery cell well and generate detailed information about the progression of thermal runaway. The model was exercised to simulate time-to-venting and time-to-thermal-runaway for various changes in cell design parameters such as: amount of free liquid electrolyte, external convection coefficient, and electrolyte evaporation rate after vent opening.
MR-Based Attenuation Correction for Brain PET Using 3-D Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Network

Attenuation correction (AC) is important for the quantitative merits of positron emission tomography (PET). However, attenuation coefficients cannot be derived from magnetic resonance (MR) images directly for PET/MR systems. In this work, we aimed to derive continuous AC maps from Dixon MR images without the requirement of MR and computed tomography (CT) image registration. To achieve this, a 3-D generative adversarial network with both discriminative and cycle-consistency loss (Cycle-GAN) was developed. The modified 3-D U-net was employed as the structure of the generative networks to generate the pseudo-CT/MR images. The 3-D patch-based discriminative networks were used to distinguish the generated pseudo-CT/MR images from the true CT/MR images. To evaluate its performance, datasets from 32 patients were used in the experiment. The Dixon segmentation and atlas methods provided by the vendor and the convolutional neural network (CNN) method which utilized registered MR and CT images were employed as the reference methods. Dice coefficients of the pseudo-CT images and the regional quantification in the reconstructed PET images were compared. Results show that the Cycle-GAN framework can generate better AC compared to the Dixon segmentation and atlas methods, and shows comparable performance compared to the CNN method.
Teaching for Critical Consciousness During the Student Debt Crisis

These teaching notes describe one educator’s experience facilitating dialogue around student debt and college cost in the first-year writing class. Rooted in the work of Paulo Freire, particular attention is paid to the role of critical pedagogy and meaning-making practices in these complex political and economic contexts.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Neonates: Facts and Figures.

* Abbreviations: AAP: : American Academy of Pediatrics BPD: : bronchopulmonary dysplasia CMPA: : cow milk protein allergy GEJ: : gastroesophageal junction GER: : gastroesophageal reflux GERD: : gastroesophageal reflux disease H2RA: : histamine 2 receptor antagonist LES: : lower esophageal sphincter NASPGHAN: : North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition pH-MII: : multichannel intraluminal pH impedance PPI: : proton pump inhibitor SLESR: : swallow-associated lower esophageal sphincter relaxation SSI: : symptom sensitivity index TLESR: : transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation VLBW: : very low-birthweight Clinicians caring for premature infants need to recognize the natural history and pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and GER disease. Clinicians also need to make the most out of the diagnostic tools available in their clinical settings and offer the most appropriate therapy for these conditions, which constitute a significant burden to patients and to our health care system. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Explain the terminology, mechanisms, and controversies surrounding gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in neonates. 2. Describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors of GER and GERD in neonates. 3. Explain the approach to evaluate, diagnose, and manage GERD in neonates. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a normal physiologic process that occurs in all age groups. In healthy preterm infants, an average of 2 to 3 reflux events occur per hour, as has been reported using 24-hour pH impedance monitoring. (1) GER has historically been associated with a wide variety of behaviors commonly attributed to “GERD-like” symptoms in infants. (2) However, the association between a specific symptom and GER needs supporting data. (3) In the NICU infant, many of these symptoms may have multisystemic etiologies related to prematurity, chronic lung disease, and neuropathology, among others, rather than solely GER. Over the years, GER has remained a controversial topic for clinicians because of the challenges that entail its accurate diagnosis, as well as the uncertainty of treatment efficacy in symptomatic neonates. Furthermore, various studies have shown that histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and prokinetics therapy may be associated with serious adverse outcomes in preterm infants. (4)(5)(6)(7) In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) through the “Choosing Wisely in Newborn Medicine” initiative highlighted routine use of antireflux medications in symptomatic GER in preterm infants …
GW-SEM 2.0: Efficient, Flexible, and Accessible Multivariate GWAS

Most genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses test the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a single trait or outcome. While valuable second-step analyses of these associations (e.g., calculating genetic correlations between traits) are common, single-step multivariate analyses of GWAS data are rarely performed. This is unfortunate because multivariate analyses can reveal information which is irrevocably obscured in multi-step analysis. One simple example is the distinction between variance common to a set of measures, and variance specific to each. Neither GWAS of sum- or factor-scores, nor GWAS of the individual measures will deliver a clean picture of loci associated with each measure's specific variance. While multivariate GWAS opens up a broad new landscape of feasible and informative analyses, its adoption has been slow, likely due to the heavy computational demands and difficulties specifying models it requires. Here we describe GW-SEM 2.0, which is designed to simplify model specification and overcome the inherent computational challenges associated with multivariate GWAS. In addition, GW-SEM 2.0 allows users to accurately model ordinal items, which are common in behavioral and psychological research, within a GWAS context. This new release enhances computational efficiency, allows users to select the fit function that is appropriate for their analyses, expands compatibility with standard genomic data formats, and outputs results for seamless reading into other standard post-GWAS processing software. To demonstrate GW-SEM's utility, we conducted (1) a series of GWAS using three substance use frequency items from data in the UK Biobank, (2) a timing study for several predefined GWAS functions, and (3) a Type I Error rate study. Our multivariate GWAS analyses emphasize the utility of GW-SEM for identifying novel patterns of associations that vary considerably between genomic loci for specific substances, highlighting the importance of differentiating between substance-specific use behaviors and polysubstance use. The timing studies demonstrate that the analyses take a reasonable amount of time and show the cost of including additional items. The Type I Error rate study demonstrates that hypothesis tests for genetic associations with latent variable models follow the hypothesized uniform distribution. Taken together, we suggest that GW-SEM may provide substantially deeper insights into the underlying genomic architecture for multivariate behavioral and psychological systems than is currently possible with standard GWAS methods. The current release of GW-SEM 2.0 is available on CRAN (stable release) and GitHub (beta release), and tutorials are available on our github wiki ( https://jpritikin.github.io/gwsem/ ).