cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations of internal waves and parametric subharmonic instability in the Philippines archipelago

[1] Internal waves contain a significant fraction of the kinetic energy in the ocean and are important intermediaries between the forcing (by wind and tide) and interior diapycnal mixing. We report here on measurements from Mindoro Strait in the Philippines (connecting the South China Sea to the Sulu Sea) of an internal wave field with a number of surprising properties that point to previously-unrecognized processes at work in the region. Continuum spectral levels are very close to typical “background” values found in the open ocean, but internal tide energy in both the diurnal and semidiurnal frequency bands is significantly elevated—and higher at the northern mooring (MP1) than the southern (MP2). Two particularly energetic depth ranges stand out at MP1: an upper layer centered near 300 m, and one at the bottom of the water column, near 1800 m. The upper layer contains both internal tides and a near-inertial band with upward and downward propagating waves and an apparent spring-neap cycle. The combination is suggestive of Parametric Subharmonic Instability as the forcing for the near-inertial band—a conclusion supported by bicoherence estimates. Mixing, estimated from density overturns, is weak over much of the water column but enhanced by about an order of magnitude in the deep layer and closely tied to the internal tide—both diurnal and semidiurnal. Near-inertial currents in this deep layer are dominantly rectilinear and not well-correlated with the mixing. Bulk mixing rates at the two sites are less than required to produce property changes seen in hydrography, suggesting additional enhancement elsewhere in the archipelago.
We should overcome the barriers to evidence-based clinical diagnosis!

Abstract Background The wise integration of evidence from health care research into diagnostic decisions could influence patient outcomes by improving clinical diagnosis, reducing unnecessary testing, and minimizing diagnostic error. Yet for many, this promise does not match reality. Here, we collect and categorize barriers to the use of health care research evidence in diagnostic decisions, examine their potential consequences, and propose potential ways to overcome these impediments. Methods Barriers were derived from observations over years of trying to inform clinical diagnoses with research evidence, and from interpretations of the literature. Results Barriers are categorized into those related to the evidence itself, those related to diagnosticians, and those related to health care systems. Tentative solutions are proffered. Data are lacking on the frequency and impact of the identified barriers, as well as on the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. Conclusions Barriers to the sensible use of evidence from health care research in clinical diagnosis can be identified and categorized, and possible solutions can be imagined. We could, and should, muster the will to overcome these barriers.
c-Cbl Tyrosine Kinase-binding Domain Mutant G306E Abolishes the Interaction of c-Cbl with CD38 and Fails to Promote Retinoic Acid-induced Cell Differentiation and G0 Arrest

Retinoic acid (RA) causes HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia cell myeloid differentiation that is dependent on MAPK signaling. The process is propelled by c-Cbl, which binds the CD38 receptor as part of a signaling complex generating MAPK signaling. Here we report that the capability of c-Cbl to do this is lost in the G306E tyrosine kinase-binding domain mutant. Unlike wild-type (WT) c-Cbl, the G306E mutant c-Cbl fails to propel RA-induced differentiation, and disrupts the normal association with CD38. The G306E mutant does, like WT c-Cbl, co-immunoprecipitate with Vav, Slp-76, and p38. But unlike WT c-Cbl, does not cause MAPK signaling. In contrast, the C381A Ring finger domain mutant functions like WT c-Cbl. It binds CD38 and is part of the same apparent c-Cbl/Slp-76/Vav/p38 signaling complex. The C381A mutant causes MAPK signaling and propels RA-induced differentiation. In addition to HL-60 cells and their WT or mutant c-Cbl stable transfectants, the c-Cbl/Vav/Slp-76 complex is also found in NB4 cells where c-Cbl was previously also found to bind CD38. The data are consistent with a model in which the G306E mutant c-Cbl forms a signaling complex that includes Slp-76, Vav, and p38; but does not drive MAPK signaling because it fails to bind the CD38 receptor. Without the G306E mutation the c-Cbl unites CD38 with the signaling complex and delivers a MAPK signal that drives RA-induced differentiation. The results demonstrate the importance of the Gly306 residue in the ability of c-Cbl to propel RA-induced differentiation.
Songwriting and Digital Video Production Interventions for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation, Part I: An Analysis of Depression and Anxiety Levels According to Phase of Treatment

Purposes of this exploratory case study were: (1) to examine how anxiety and depression levels vary with phase of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and (2) to examine the effect of the proposed music therapy treatment protocol on anxiety and depression levels. Six pediatric BMT patients participated in the study. Three participants experienced the music condition and three participants experienced the no-music contact condition. Both conditions consisted of six, one-hour sessions that occurred over a three week period. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was administered at the conclusion of each session to examine changes in depression levels across each phase of treatment. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) served as a pre-/post-session measure of state anxiety. Graphic analysis of scores from the CDI and STAIC indicated a consistent trend in depression and anxiety levels according to phase of treatment for all participants. Four participants (3 music; 1 no-music) experienced decreased anxiety following a majority of sessions.
Topical Review Article: The Age-Dependent Epileptic Encephalopathies

The most severe epilepsies that affect neonates, infants, and children include Ohtahara, West, and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. These three syndromes display considerable similarities and transitional features in their clinical symptoms, seizure phenomena, and electroencephalographic abnormalities. This review examines the similarities and differences between these three syndromes and the other severe epilepsies of infancy and childhood, and discusses the hypothesis that the three disorders form a continuum of epileptic encephalopathies that have a predictable age-related evolution.
Cooking up T cells

Comment on La Motte-Mohs et al, page [1431][1], and Lehar et al, page [1440][2] The Notch ligands Delta-1 and Jagged-1 differentially induce T-cell development in culture. Two articles in this issue address how Notch ligands induce T-cell development. Mammalian Notch ligands comprise 2 families
Trends in Environmental Influences Upon the Intellectual Development Of Young People

Most school administrators, teachers, and parents are concerned about our society's negative influences on children's intellectual develop ment. There is widespread worry about the impact of television, movies, video games, computer games, and other related activities. How do these environmental factors affect young people's intellectual development?
Studies of cosmogenic in-situ 14CO and 14CO2 produced in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples: experimental procedures and applications

Abstract We have developed an experimental procedure for quantitative extraction of cosmogenic in-situ 14C produced in terrestrial and extraterrestrial samples, in the two chemical forms 14CO and 14CO2 in which it is found to be present in these samples. The technique is based on wet digestion of the sample in vacuo with hydrofluoric acid at 60–80°C in a Kel-F® vessel. Kel-F is a homo-polymer (chlortrifluorethylene). The procedures and the digestion vessel sizes used allow convenient extraction of 14C activity from samples of 50 mg to 50 g weight. Procedure blanks were reduced considerably by the experience gained with the system, and can be reduced further. We determined that most of the in-situ 14C activity was present in the CO phase (> 60%) in the case of both terrestrial quartz and in bulk samples of meteorites, analogous to the case of in-situ production of 14C in ice. Some results of measurements of 14C activities in meteorites and in terrestrial samples are presented. The latter include several samples which have been studied earlier for in-situ 10Be (and 26Al) concentrations, and allow us to determine relative 14C and 10Be production rates in quartz.
Characteristics of the transition to spoken words in two young cochlear implant recipients.

Purpose This investigation addressed two main questions: (a) How do toddlers' spoken utterances change during the first year of cochlear implant (CI) use? and (b) How do the time-courses for reachi...
The Renal Sonographic Appearance of Sickle Cell Disease

The renal sonographic appearances of 74 patients with the diagnosis of sickle cell disease, as documented by electrophoresis, were analyzed in this retrospective study. Renal size was compared with...
Assessing Test Data Adequacy Through Program Inference

ELAINE J. WEYUKER Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences Despite the almost universal reliance on testing as the means of locating software errors and its long history of use, few criteria have been proposed for deciding when software has been thoroughly tested. As a basis for the development of usable notions of test data adequacy, an abstract definition is proposed and examined, and approximations to this definition are considered. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.2.5 [Software Engineering]: Testing and Debugging. F.3.1 [Logics and Meanings of Programs]: Specifying and Verifying and Reasoning about Programs; 1.2.2 [Artificial Intelligence]: Automatic
Tabu search for graph partitioning

In this paper, we develop a tabu search procedure for solving the uniform graph partitioning problem. Tabu search, an abstract heuristic search method, has been shown to have promise in solving several NP-hard problems, such as job shop and flow shop scheduling, vehicle routing, quadratic assignment, and maximum satisfiability. We compare tabu search to other heuristic procedures for graph partitioning, and demonstrate that tabu search is superior to other solution approaches for the uniform graph partitioning problem both with respect to solution quality and computational requirements.
Image Data Base Archive Design Using Parallel Architectures And Expert Systems

Data base archive system (DBAS) for picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) require very large storage systems. The storage systems must be high speed and must be very inteligent in order to handle requests for image storage and retrieval. The DBAS is interfaced to a high speed fiber optic network via ACR-NEMA interfaces. User workstations and imaging equipment represent the sinks and sources of digital image data. The image data to be stored in the DBAS may be as large as 2048 x 2048 x 12 bits, or 50 megabits per image. Image storage and retrieval requests contain a mix of image and text data. The text data represents patient information and doctor's diagnosis. User scenarios include simultaneous image generation and retrieval. Hence, the image data transfer and storage must occur at a high speed in order to achieve response times of less than two seconds per image request. The approaches used to implement a DBAS must contain parallel and intelligent processing to handle the large amount of image data in a real-time mode. In this paper characteristics, elements of image data base system, and the functional description of DBAS architecture components and intelligence are described. The use of expert systems to process the image requests and to locate the information is explored.
THE BROWNELL AND NESS COUNTY (1894) L6 CHONDRITES: FURTHER SORTING-OUT OF NESS COUNTY METEORITES

Brownell is a new moderately shocked L6 chondrite from Ness County, KS, that is petrologically distinct from the other L6 chondrites from Ness County. These latter meteorites, Wellmanville, Franklinville, and Ness County (1894), are very similar in their olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositional distributions, kamacite Co contents, modal abundances of metallic Fe, Ni, and presence of martensitic metallic Fe, Ni (about 14 wt pct Ni). However, their silicates indicate that they have been shocked to different extents. It is suggested that all three probably represent a single heterogeneously-shocked L6 fragmental breccia that fell over a large area over 30 km in length.
Novel carbon nanotube array-reinforced laminated composite materials with higher interlaminar elastic properties

Abstract Fiber-reinforced polymeric composites are ideal engineered materials to carry loads and stresses in the fiber direction due to their high in-plane specific mechanical properties. However, interlaminar stresses can arise and lead to a premature failure constituting their fundamental weakness. A solution to this problem is being addressed through the creation of a composite material with an interphase between the composite plies that maximizes shear stress transfer. An aligned dense multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) array, which does not require dispersion into the polymeric matrix, is considered as the nanoparticle reinforcement. Preliminary results have shown the feasibility of creating such an interphase and a significant improvement of the interlaminar shear modulus of the laminated composite materials.
The role of Sp1 in BMP2-up-regulated Erk2 gene expression.

Abstract Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) is an important component in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation and proliferation. We previously showed that Erk is involved in BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in mesenchymal progenitor cells and Erk protein level is up-regulated under BMP2 inducement. In this study, the molecular mechanism which mediates the regulation of Erk2 gene expression by BMP2 was investigated. Northern blot analysis showed that increased Erk2 protein level under BMP2 inducement comes from BMP2-up-regulated Erk2 mRNA expression. Transient transfection of C3H10T1/2 cells with a series of constructs of mouse Erk2 promoter demonstrated that a sequence residing between nucleotides −148 and −42 of Erk2 promoter is one of the BMP2-responsive elements. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays indicated that BMP2 treatment on C3H10T1/2 cells increases the binding of cell nuclear extracts to the −148/−42 fragment, and the BMP2-enhanced binding bands are Sp1 transcription factors. A series of competitive gel shift assays and the supershift assays by mapping oligos S1–S5 on −148/−42 identified that S1 and S5 contain Sp1 binding sites, which are located, respectively, in −147/−139 and −51/−46. Transfection studies showed that the addition of the Sp1 binding inhibitor mithramycin or mutation of the Sp1 site residing at −147/−139 abolishes the up-regulation of Erk2 promoter activity induced by BMP2. All these results indicate that Sp1-mediated transcription is one of the mechanisms, which is responsible for BMP2-induced up-regulation of Erk2 expression.
Software Tools to Enable Information Accelerated Radical Innovation

While information technology is a basic and necessary component to any research and development project leading to innovation, knowledge derived from information is crucial to accelerating radical innovation. Information has become more readily available to researchers in the past decade, with much of this information residing in digital libraries, patent databases, and even on the World Wide Web. However, much of this information is not easily retrievable. As the amount of information has grown throughout the past decade, finding specific information has become nearly impossible. Search engines are not adequate for finding critical knowledge for innovation in this vast sea of information. On the other hand, information must be rapidly retrieved and processed into knowledge in order to accelerate radical innovation. This paper describes a novel accelerated radical innovation methodology for accelerating breakthrough innovation from inception through commercialization, and then describes the required capabilities of a triad of necessary IT technologies that must be integrated with the new methodology if radical innovation is to be accelerated by the envisioned 2-10 times beyond current innovation time horizons. This IT triad includes integrated tools for information retrieval, pattern recognition, and knowledge management which must interact and cooperate.
Maternal Employment Relations With Young Adults' Work and Family Expectations and Self-Efficacy

Relations between maternal employment and young adults' work and family expectations, and self-efficacy were examined with 721 college students (mean age = 21 years). Young men expected more work hours per day and older retirement age, whereas women expected full-time work at a younger age and more time with spouse and children each week. Individuals with employed mothers reported less traditional family attitudes (e.g., fewer children planned, egalitarian division of household duties). Although women with employed mothers expected to spend less time per week with families than women with nonemployed mothers, men with employed mothers expected to spend more time with their families than men with nonemployed mothers. Women reported greater general, parenting, and work self-efficacy than men, and individuals with employed mothers reported greater parenting self-efficacy. Men with consistently non-employed mothers were particularly likely to report lower self-efficacy. Processes within dual-earner families a...
What does transesophageal echocardiography add to valvular heart surgery

No single monitoring tool in the last decade has had more of an effect on intraoperative decision making and surgical management of cardiac valvular pathologies than has TEE. It has become the standard of care for evaluating reparative valvular procedures, thus providing an immediate gauge of the surgical results and helping to avoid suboptimal surgical outcomes. As the technology of TEE and its application advance, so too should the ability to diagnose and manage valvular pathologies, broaden the range of surgical options, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Materials Science and Materials Chemistry for Large Scale Electrochemical Energy Storage: From Transportation to Electrical Grid

Large-scale electrical energy storage has become more important than ever for reducing fossil energy consumption in transportation and for the widespread deployment of intermittent renewable energy in electric grid. However, significant challenges exist for its applications. Here, the status and challenges are reviewed from the perspective of materials science and materials chemistry in electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as Li-ion batteries, sodium (sulfur and metal halide) batteries, Pb-acid battery, redox flow batteries, and supercapacitors. Perspectives and approaches are introduced for emerging battery designs and new chemistry combinations to reduce the cost of energy storage devices.
Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase: the relation between structure and function

The x-ray structures of the allosteric enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli have been solved and refined for both allosteric forms. The T form was determined in the presence of the heterotropic inhibitor cytidine triphosphate, CTP, while the R form was determined in the presence of the bisubstrate analog N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate. These two x-ray structures provide the starting point for an understanding of how allosteric enzymes are able to control the rates of metabolic pathways. Insights into the mechanisms of both catalysis and homotropic cooperativity have been obtained by using site-directed mutagenesis to probe residues thought to be critical to the function of the enzyme based on these x-ray structures.
The Use of Microarrays to Characterize Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Postmortem Studies of Substance Abuse and Schizophrenia

Neuropsychiatric disorders are generally diagnosed based on a classification of behavioral and, in some cases, specific neurological deficits. The lack of distinct quantitative and qualitative biological descriptors at the anatomical and cellular level complicates the search for and understanding of the neurobiology of these disorders. The advent of microarray technology has enabled large-scale profiling of transcriptional activity, allowing a comprehensive characterization of transcriptional patterns relating to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. We review some of the unique methodological constraints related to the use of human postmortem brain tissue in addition to the generally applicable requirements for microarray experiments. Microarray studies undertaken in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and substance abuse by the use of postmortem brain tissue indicate that transcriptional changes relating to synaptic function and plasticity, cytoskeletal function, energy metabolism, oligodendrocytes, and distinct intracellular signaling pathways are generally present. These have been supported by microarray studies in experimental models, and have produced multiple avenues to be explored at the functional level. The quality and specificity of information obtained from human postmortem tissue is rapidly increasing with the maturation and refinement of array-related methodologies and analysis tools, and with the use of focused cell populations. The development of experimental models of gene regulation in these disorders will serve as the initial step towards a comprehensive genome-linked analysis of the brain and associated disorders, and help characterize the integration and coordinate regulation of complex functions within the CNS.
Short surgical stay: Two hospital days for cholecystectomy

One hundred consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy by the standard operative technique were managed according to five cost-efficiency principles. Ileus did not occur, and patients routinely ate a regular diet on the evening of the first postoperative day. Oral analgesics adequately controlled incision pain. The preoperative day in the hospital was eliminated in the latter part of the study. With careful preoperative and postoperative patient instruction, the majority of patients were satisfied with their stay and no readmissions were necessary. In short, the feasibility and safety of admission 2 hours before and discharge 2 days after elective cholecystectomy have been documented herein.
Shore Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Ephydridae) of Plummers Island, Maryland

ABSTRACT Twenty-nine species of shore flies in 17 genera have been collected and identified from Plummers Island. Although relatively diverse, the shore-fly fauna known from the Island represents only 21% of the species known from the surrounding states, indicating that we probably are dealing with sampling error and that many more species are likely to be found there.
Some experiments with the pathological linear programs of N. Zadeh

Computational results are presented which show that N. Zadeh's pathological examples for the simplex algorithm apparently take a number of pivots approximately proportional to the number of columns in the tableau when its column order is randomized.
Irs2 Inactivation Suppresses Tumor Progression in Pten+/− Mice

Mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-α (PI3K) signaling pathway are frequently found in human cancer. In addition, Pten+/− mice develop tumors in multiple organs because of the activation of the PI3K signaling cascade. Because activation of PI3K signaling leads to feedback inhibition of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS2) expression, an upstream activator of PI3K, we therefore anticipated that IRS2 expression would be low in tumors that lack PTEN. Surprisingly, however, an elevation of IRS2 was often detected in tumor samples in which PTEN levels were compromised. To determine the potential contribution of Irs2 to tumor progression, Pten+/− mice were crossed with Irs2+/− mice. Deletion of Irs2 did not affect the initiation of neoplasia found in Pten+/− mice but suppressed cancer cell growth, proliferation, and invasion through the basement membrane. Deletion of Irs2 also attenuated the expression of Myc in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in Pten+/− mice. In addition, the expression levels of IRS2 and MYC were highly correlated in human prostate cancer, and IRS2 could stimulate MYC expression in cultured cells. Our findings provide evidence that the PI3K-activating adaptor Irs2 contributes to tumor progression in Pten+/− mice by stimulating both Myc and DNA synthesis.
Self-incompatibility. Prospects for a novel putative peptide-signaling molecule.

The recent identification of the long elusive pollen determinant of self-incompatibility (SI) in the Brassicaceae family ([Schopfer et al., 1999][1]) marks a major advance in SI research. Not only is it now unambiguously proven that in the genus Brassica SI specificity of pollen and stigma is
Estrogen influences osmotic secretion of AVP and body water balance in postmenopausal women

To determine if estrogen upregulates osmotic secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and alters body water balance, we infused hypertonic (3% NaCl) saline in 6 women (68 ± 3 yr) after 14 days of 17...
Extending resources to multiple busy states in discrete simulation

This paper introduces and develops the concept of multiple busy state resources to simplify the process of stratifying statistics associated with resources. Most simulation languages recognize only busy and idle states. In many applications stratification of the busy state statistics is necessary to account for phenomena such as failures, repairs, maintenance, shift capacity changes, and cost tracking. These ideas are demon strated by way of an implementation in a discrete simulation language.
Isolation of Indole-3-ethanol Oxidase from Cucumber Seedlings

Previous work in this laboratory has shown that cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings contain large amounts, relative to other indolic compounds, of extractable indole-3-ethanol (IEt); tracer studies have established that IEt is metabolized to IAA. We have now succeeded in isolating an enzyme from these seedlings which catalyzes the oxidation of IEt to indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld). The identification of the product as IAAld was based on solvent partitioning of the free aldehyde and its bisulfite adduct and radiochromatography following incubation of enzyme with 14C-IEt. A novel, quantitative colorimetric test for IAAld was also developed utilizing the Salkowski reagent. Partial purification of the enzyme was achieved by salt gradient chromatography on Bio-Rex 70, heating the preparation to 70 C, and chromatography on Sephadex G-150. This purification procedure yielded an enzyme activity purified in excess of 3000-fold, and studies on a standardized Sephadex column suggest a molecular weight of the enzyme of approximately 105,000. The reaction was found to proceed only aerobically; and, in the absence of other electron acceptors, O2 appears to be reduced to H2O2. The enzyme has nearly maximum activity from pH 8 to 11.
Variation in Subject Pronominal Expression in L2 Chinese.

This study investigates subject pronominal expression in second language Chinese and compares learner usage with patterns found in their first language. The results show that (a) overt pronouns are used more for singular, +animate subjects than plural, –animate ones; (b) switch in subject surface form favors overt pronouns; (c) English and Russian speakers use overt pronouns more than Korean and Japanese speakers; (d) statements favor overt pronouns most, followed by questions and then imperatives; (e) females use overt pronouns more than males; (f) conversations slightly favor overt pronouns, whereas narratives favor null pronouns; (g) higher proficiency learners across language groups use more null subject referents than do lower proficiency learners; and (h) nonspecific subject referents promote null subjects. Comparison results show that learner patterns are similar to those of their native speaker peers on most dimensions explored except that they tend to overuse overt pronouns. That is, the learners have acquired the subject pronoun use pattern in Chinese rather successfully but need to further develop their sociolinguistic competence regarding null pronoun usage.
Assessment of a Service Provider Self-Study Method to Promote Interorganizational and Community Collaboration

With an emphasis by both public and private funding sources on community-level service integration, many social service organizations have been required to shift from traditional "silo" models of service delivery to increased community-based collaboration and service coordination. There is a paucity of research to identify successful methods to achieve these goals. This article describes a self-study method used to engage service providers in a community development effort designed to meet the needs identified by local residents within their community and empower a rural, unincorporated community with scarce resources. It also reports qualitative outcomes that assessed the utility of a self-study method to achieve collaboration and community empowerment. Communication, ownership, input, and investment among providers appear to be key components to achieving long-term sustainability and success. Implications for the utility of the self-study method for achieving community service integration that aligns with basic principles of community development are discussed.
Media Literacy, News Literacy, or News Appreciation? A Case Study of the News Literacy Program at Stony Brook University

This case study provides practical and theoretical insights into the Stony Brook news literacy program, which is one of the most ambitious and well-funded curricular experiments in modern journalis...
Anode-break excitation during end-diastolic stimulation is explained by half-cell double layer discharge

The phenomenon of anodal-break excitation during end-diastolic stimulation of the heart was discovered many years ago by B. Hoffman. Yet, the existence and mechanistic explanation of this effect remain controversial. We sought to confirm its existence and to determine a possible role of half-cell potential. We used isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 6) which were stained with di-4-ANEPPS and perfused with 15-mM butanedione monoxime (BDM). Transmembrane potentials were optically recorded at the left ventricular epicardium with a high spatial and temporal resolution (200 /spl mu/m/343 /spl mu/s) near the tip of a 120-/spl mu/m platinum-iridium Teflon-coated unipolar pacing electrode to detect virtual electrode polarization and to reconstruct an activation pattern. Hearts were paced at a cycle length of 300 ms by anodal square pulses with an amplitude of 0.1-10 mA and a duration of 5-60 ms. Data revealed that the anodal-break excitation does exists and is accompanied by an overshoot in the recordings of the pacing current. Addition of a diode in the stimulation circuit eliminated both the overshoot and the break excitation. The findings suggest that a half-cell surface potential at the pacing electrode metal-saline interface may influence the pacing currents during unipolar anodal cardiac stimulation providing "break"-like activation. We also confirmed that the threshold of "break"-like excitation is lower than make-excitation. We suggest that further exploration of this effect is needed in order to design improved multiphasic pacing waveforms.
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT BATCH REACTORS: PERFORMANCE EQUATIONS AND COMPARISONS

There are three ways of operating partial emptying batch reactors for a single feed stream. Performance equations for successive operations are developed for the special case of first order kinetics. Charts are then prepared for first order kinetics which compare these modes of operation with the ideals of plug flow and mixed flow. General conclusions are then drawn about the efficiency of these operations. Possible advantageous use of these contacting modes in water treatment are discussed.
Effect of Starch Sources and Protein Content on Extruded Aquaculture Feed Containing DDGS

A 3 × 3 × 3 completely randomized design was used to investigate extrusion cooking behavior and product characteristics of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), protein levels, and various starch sources in a laboratory scale single screw extruder. Cassava, corn, and potato starches with varying levels of DDGS (20%, 30%, and 40% wet basis (wb)) were extruded with three different proportions of protein levels (28%, 30%, and 32% wb). The extrusion cooking was performed at a constant feed moisture content of 20% wb, barrel temperature of 120 °C, and a preset screw speed of 130 rpm (13.6 rad/s). Extrudate properties such as expansion ratio, unit density, sinking velocity, color, water absorption and solubility indices, and pellet durability index were determined to judge the suitability for various fish species. For all three starch bases, increasing the DDGS levels resulted in a significant increase in sinking velocity, redness (a*), and blueness (b*) and showed a decrease in whiteness (L*). With the increase in DDGS and protein levels, a noticeable increase was observed for unit density and pellet durability indices for cassava and potato starch extrudates. The DDGS-based extrudates produced from cassava starch with lower proportions of DDGS (20%) and protein (28%) levels exhibited better expansion and floatability. Also, the extrudates produced from corn starch with higher levels of DDGS (40%) and protein (32%) levels were more durable and possessed sinking characteristics. Overall, cassava and corn starch with lower and higher levels of DDGS could be more appropriate for the production of floating and sinking aquaculture feeds, respectively.
Generalized clustering networks and Kohonen's self-organizing scheme

The relationship between the sequential hard c-means (SHCM) and learning vector quantization (LVQ) clustering algorithms is discussed. The impact and interaction of these two families of methods with Kohonen's self-organizing feature mapping (SOFM), which is not a clustering method but often lends ideas to clustering algorithms, are considered. A generalization of LVQ that updates all nodes for a given input vector is proposed. The network attempts to find a minimum of a well-defined objective function. The learning rules depend on the degree of distance match to the winner node; the lesser the degree of match with the winner, the greater the impact on nonwinner nodes. Numerical results indicate that the terminal prototypes generated by this modification of LVQ are generally insensitive to initialization and independent of any choice of learning coefficient. IRIS data obtained by E. Anderson's (1939) is used to illustrate the proposed method. Results are compared with the standard LVQ approach. >
Dynamics of photo-excited carriers in gallium nitride under subpicosecond laser pulse excitation

We present a study of subpicosecond kinetics of photo-excited carriers in bulk gallium nitride. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental results of the time-resolved photoluminescence induced by a 100-femtosecond pulse.
A comparison of symptoms and diagnoses in Hispanic and black children in an outpatient mental health clinic.

One hundred and forty-nine children were evaluated at a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. An assessment of differences between the two groups provided standardized information on symptomatology and family variables, which were controlled for socioeconomic differences. Hispanic children had more emotional disturbance and difficulty with their peers than black children. Both groups belonged to highly dysfunctional families experiencing many psychosocial stressors. No differences were found with respect to associated physical disorders, sadness, anxiety, disturbed relationships with others, and sleep difficulties.
Narrowband interference mitigation in OFDM systems

The performance of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is degraded in the presence of narrowband interference (NBI). This degradation arises from spectral leakage of the interference power during demodulation, corrupting many subcarriers. The prediction-error filter (PEF) is introduced as a means for mitigating the NBI in the time-domain prior to demodulation. In the uncoded case, the PEF is shown to mitigate the interference, however, the performance is limited by an irreducible error floor due to the data subcarriers that are notched out. In the coded case, the coding provides a way for recovering the removed subcarriers. The PEF is compared with Bayesian erasure insertion over a range of SIRs and it is seen that the PEF performs best for all SIRs. The PEF acts an erasure insertion mechanism by inserting erasures via a notch around the tones closest to the interference, while leaving the surrounding tones unaffected.
The Common as Body Without Organs

The paper explores the relation of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri's work to that of Deleuze and Guattari. The main focus is on Hardt and Negri's concept of ‘the common’ as developed in their most recent book Commonwealth. It is argued that the common can complement what Nicholas Thoburn terms the ‘minor’ characteristics of Deleuze's political thinking while also surpassing certain limitations posed by Hardt and Negri's own previous emphasis on ‘autonomy-in-production’. With reference to Marx's notion of real subsumption and early workerism's social-factory thesis, the discussion circles around showing how a distinction between capital and the common can provide a basis for what Alberto Toscano calls ‘antagonistic separation’ from capital in a more effective way than can the classical capital–labour distinction. To this end, it is demonstrated how the common might benefit from being understood in light of Deleuze and Guattari's conceptual apparatus, with reference primarily to the ‘body without organs’ of...
Insulin inhibits low oxygen-induced ATP release from human erythrocytes: implication for vascular control.

Objective: ATP released from human erythrocytes in response to reduced oxygen tension (pO2) participates in the matching of oxygen (O2) supply with need in skeletal muscle by stimulating increases in blood flow to areas with increased O2 demand. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia inhibits ATP release from erythrocytes and impairs their ability to stimulate dilation of isolated arterioles exposed to decreased extraluminal pO2. Materials andMethods: Erythrocyte ATP release was stimulated pharmacologically (mastoparan 7) and physiologically (reduced pO2) in the absence or presence of insulin. We also examined the ability of isolated skeletal muscle arterioles perfused with buffer containing erythrocytes treated with insulin or its vehicle (saline) to dilate in response to decreased extraluminal pO2.Results: Insulin significantly attenuated mastoparan 7– and reduced pO2–induced ATP release. In vessels perfused with untreated erythrocytes, low extraluminal pO2 resulted in an increase in...
Early Intervention Teaming and the Primary Service Provider Approach: Who Does What, When, Why, and How?

The speech-language pathologist’s (SLP’s) roles and responsibilities as a team member using a Primary Service Provider (PSP) approach is discussed using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Associa...
Western Ranching, Trade Policies, and Peak Oil

Skyrocketing trade deficits coupled with depletion of oil and natural gas reserves could make rangeland livestock production essential to food security in the United States. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v29i5_holechek
Cryptanalysis: A Survey of Recent Results

In spite of the progress in computational complexity, it is still true that cryptosystems are tested by subjecting them to cryptanalytic attacks by experts. Most of the cryptosystems that have been publicly proposed in the last decade have been broken. This chapter outlines a selection of the attacks that have been used and explains some of the basic tools available to the cryptanalyst. Attacks on knapsack cryptosystems, congruential generston, and a variety of two-key secrecy and signature schemes are discussed. There is also a brief discussion of the status of the security of cryptosystems for which there are no known feasible attacks, such as the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), discrete exponentiation, and Data Encryption Standard (DES) cryptosystems.
A library catalog rest API framework

Within the archipelago of cultural memory data, library catalogs and systems still comprise some of the most isolated and least penetrable desert islands. Although the library world has made significant strides over the past decade to open its metadata, many individual libraries remain at the mercy of their ILS vendors to implement open protocols, standards, and APIs. At the University of North Texas Libraries, we have been developing a REST API framework for exposing our catalog and ILS metadata, taking our first steps toward breaking our data off this particular island. Catalog resources that we've modeled so far include bibliographic records (modified from MARC), item-level records, branch location records, item type records, and item status records. We are also working on resources that support a shelf-list browser application, which mix user-supplied data with item and bibliographic metadata and demonstrate a real-world use for the API. Our framework is not merely an API for our particular ILS. Rather, we are developing a toolset to allow us to extract and re-model our ILS data--to use data derived from our ILS but not necessarily to adhere to ILS data models--and expose the data as RESTful, linked resources. Although our initial efforts have focused on modeling resources that do closely align with ILS entities, future development will include extended models for work- and identity-related resources and possibly extending our APIs to expose linked data (using, e.g., JSON-LD). Best practices in this area, exposing ILS metadata as RESTful resources, are hard to come by. Given the mixture of metadata practitioners, systems-oriented individuals, and web-oriented individuals that the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) conferences tend to attract, we hope that presenting a poster about the project in the Best Practices track might allow us to connect with others with whom we might dialog. Ultimately, we believe an exchange of information about our project so far--our approach and practices--would be valuable to us and to others in the DCMI community.
Stable models of multi-valued formulas: partial versus total functions

Recent extensions of the stable model semantics that allow intensional functions—functions that can be specified by logic programs using other functions and predicates—can be divided into two groups. One group defines a stable model in terms of minimality on the values of partial functions, and the other defines it in terms of uniqueness on the values of total functions. We show that, in the context of multi-valued formulas, these two different approaches can be reduced to each other, and further, each of them can be viewed in terms of propositional formulas under the stable model semantics. Based on these results, we present a prototype implementation of different versions of functional stable model semantics by using existing answer set solvers.
Application of Back Propagation Neural Network for Wind Power Generation Forecasting

Abstract The power generation of wind energy conversion system (WECS) is varied with wind speed. Although wind power generation is not dispatch able, an accurate forecasting method of wind power generation for WECS can help the power system operator to reduce operating costs of power system. The artificial neural network is one of the best tools applied to forecast. This paper uses the back propagation neural network to forecast the wind power generation of WECS. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed forecasting method, the method is tested on the practical information of wind power generation of a WECS. The good agreements between the realistic values and forecasting values are obtained; the test results show the proposed forecasting method is accurate and reliable.
Cellular Origins of Fibrotic Lung Diseases

Fibrosis of the lung is a final end point of a variety of pathologic processes targeting the lung, ranging from allo- and autoimmune diseases to occupational lung exposures. Fibrosis entails loss of somatic cell populations such as epithelial cells from their anatomic location along with proliferation, mobilization, infiltration, and differentiation of mesenchymal cells. In this chapter, I will review the present knowledge of the role of various resident progenitor cell populations in the origin of fibrotic lung diseases. Specifically, the origin of myofibroblasts in human fibrotic lungs is addressed.
Staging Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Prostate Cancer: A Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Techniques

AbstractThe operative morbidity and convalescence of our initial 30 patients who underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissections were compared to those of 16 patients who underwent open surgical pelvic lymph node dissections performed at our institution for staging purposes between 1990 and 1992. The average time for laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection (199.4 minutes) was nearly twice that of surgical pelvic lymph node dissection (102.4 minutes). However, the blood loss in the former group was significantly less. Oral intake occurred after a mean of 0.63 days in the laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection group compared to 2.87 days in the surgical group. Also, laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection was superior to surgical pelvic lymph node dissection in terms of average postoperative analgesic use (1.55 versus 47mg. morphine sulfate), average hospital stay (1.7 versus 5.37 days), average return to normal daily activities (4.94 versus 42.9 days) and interval to full recovery (10.8 versus ...
Transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) in the second decade

Transcription factor IIIA is a very extensively studied eukaryotic gene specific factor. It is a special member of the zinc finger family of nucleic acid binding proteins with multiple functions. Its N-terminal polypeptide (280 amino acid residue containing peptide; finger containing region) carries out sequence specific DNA and RNA binding and the C-terminal peptide (65 amino acid residue containing peptide; non-finger region) is involved in the transactivation process possibly by interacting with other general factors. It is a unique factor in the sense that it binds to two structurally different nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. It accomplishes this function through its zinc fingers, which are arranged into a cluster of nine motifs. Over the past three years there has been considerable interest in determining the structural features of zinc fingers, identifying the fingers that preferentially recognize DNA and RNA, defining the role of metal binding ligands and the linker region in promotor recognition and the role of C-terminal amino acid sequence in the gene activation. This article briefly reviews our current knowledge on this special protein in these areas.
Inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases

DNA topoisomerases are enzymes regulating the conformational state of DNA in every aspect of genetic processes by catalyzing transient cleavage and religation of DNA strands. The enzymes are targets of some of the important anticancer drugs. Many candidates of anticancer drugs are being screened via inhibition of the enzymes. In the present review, I discuss the role of DNA topoisomerases in genetic processes in mammalian cells, characteristics and mode of action of topoisomerase inhibitors, and resistance of tumor cells to the anticancer drugs.