cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic fano resonance sensing system using gold nanosphere and J-aggregates

Demonstrated herein is a simple method for the induction of J-aggregate formation in a colloidal solution of gold nanoparticles through the use of pseudoisocyanine (PIC) and polyvinyl sulfate. The plasmon-exciton coupling of the nanoparticle J-aggregate complex results in a split lineshape absorption spectrum with upper and lower plexcitonic branches. The use of nanoparticles with various plasmon resonances causes a shift in the upper plexcitonic band while the lower plexcitonic band remains at the same wavelength.
Ethnic differences in suicidal ideation and its correlates among South Asian American emerging adults

Prior research on suicidal ideation and its correlates among South Asian American individuals has been limited. Given that South Asian American individuals are a burgeoning ethnic subgroup in the United States population, research regarding these factors is necessary to inform culturally competent suicide screening, prevention, and intervention among this increasingly prominent group. We examined depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation among a sample of 204 undergraduate South Asian American (96 Bangladeshi American, 67 Asian Indian, and 41 Pakistani American) emerging adult students (66% female), ages 18 to 24 (M = 18.52, SD = 0.93). Participants completed measures of hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Bangladeshi American ethnicity was associated with significantly lower levels of suicidal ideation than Asian Indian ethnicity. There was a non-significant trend for Pakistani American ethnicity to be associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation than Asian Indian ethnicity. Additionally, Bangladeshi American ethnicity and Pakistani American ethnicity each interacted with hopelessness, such that hopelessness was associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation among these groups than among their Asian Indian peers. Being of Asian Indian ethnicity may deleteriously influence vulnerability to suicidal ideation, while being of other South Asian American ethnicities may buffer against suicidal ideation, both independently and in interaction with hopelessness. Such contingencies should be considered during suicide screening, prevention, and intervention. Language: en
Behaviorally Active Compounds May Not Enhance Pesticide Toxicity: the Case of Dicofol and Amitraz

A behaviorally active formamidine pesticide was used to test the hypothesis that efficacy of the chlorinated hydrocarbon acaricide, dicofol, could be increased by enhancing pest locomotion or decreasing pest avoidance of dicofol, or both, on treated leaves. Amitraz, dicofol, and mixtures of amitraz + dicofol were sprayed on plants in a manner that created discontinuous, checker-board residues. Behavior and mortality of twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, were then observed. Evaluated alone, or in mixture with dicofol, amitraz resulted in significant increases in mite locomotion and, in mixtures with dicofol, eliminated mite avoidance of dicofol residues. Though both of the desired behavioral modifications were achieved, the toxicity of amitraz + dicofol was actually less than that of dicofol alone, as revealed by probit analyses of 72-h discontinuous residue bioassays. Hypotheses formulated to explain this toxicologically undesirable outcome of the mixture of dicofol and the behaviorally active compound were decreased alimentary uptake of toxicant or antagonistic chemical or physiological interactions between dicofol and amitraz. Our findings warn of the potential for unexpected and detrimental outcomes of the use of behaviorally achieve chemicals to enhance toxicity of conventional pesticides. Even for chemicals like formamidines, that strongly influence pest behavior, the benefits of chemical mixtures should be demonstrated empirically in the laboratory and field before being recommended for pest management.
Common Cause Failures and Ultra Reliability

A common cause failure occurs when several failures have the same origin. Common cause failures are either common event failures, where the cause is a single external event, or common mode failures, where two systems fail in the same way for the same reason. Common mode failures can occur at different times because of a design defect or a repeated external event. Common event failures reduce the reliability of on-line redundant systems but not of systems using off-line spare parts. Common mode failures reduce the dependability of systems using off-line spare parts and on-line redundancy.
Three-dimensional structure of α-conotoxin EI determined by1H NMR spectroscopy

α-conotoxin EI is an 18-residue peptide (RDOCCYHPTCNMSNPQIC; 4–10, 5–18) isolated from the venom ofConus ermineus, the only fish-hunting cone snail of the Atlantic Ocean. This peptide targets specifically the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) found in mammalian skeletal muscle and the electric organTorpedo, showing a novel selectivity profile when compared to other α-conotoxins. The 3D structure of EI has been determined by 2D-NMR methods in combination with dynamical simulated annealing protocols. A total of 133 NOE-derived distances were used to produce 13 structures with minimum energy that complied with the NOE restraints. The structure of EI is characterized by a helical loop between THr9 and Met12 that is stabilized by the Cys4-Cys10 disulfide bond and turns involving Cys4-Cys5 and Asn14-Pro15. Other regions of the peptide appear to be flexible. The overall fold of EI is similar to that of other α4/7-conotoxins (PnIA/B, MII, EpI). However, unlike these other α4/7-conotoxins, EI targets the muscular type nAChR. The differences in selectivity can be attributed to differences in the surface charge distribution among these α4/7-conotoxins. The implications for binding of EI to the muscular nAChR are discussed with respect to the current NMR structure of EI.
197 EMERGENCE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS USA300 AS THE PREDOMINANT CLONE IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT.

Objectives Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 carrying Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) genes has become the predominant cause of staphylococcal community-onset skin and soft tissue infections in our community. We assessed the molecular epidemiology of MRSA colonization and infection in our NICU. Methods MRSA isolates recovered from surveillance cultures and selected clinical specimens were collected between 1993 and 2005. Beginning in September 2004, nares surveillance cultures were obtained from all patients admitted to the NICU (on admission and once weekly thereafter). Molecular typing of MRSA included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiplex PCR. Medical records were abstracted; risk factors for PVL gene-positive CA-MRSA clones were assessed. Results From 1993 through June 2005, a total of 14,786 surveillance cultures were obtained from NICU patients; 249 (1.7%) were positive, identifying 110 patients colonized with MRSA. Seven (1.1%) of 635 admission nares cultures of neonates were positive for MRSA (Sept 2004-Oct 2005); 4 of 7 were PFT USA300; 188 MRSA-positive specimens (144 surveillance and 44 clinical cultures) obtained from 133 patients 0-215 d after birth (mean 25, median 19 d) from 1993 through 2005 were analyzed by PFGE and PCR. PVL+ USA300 CA-MRSA strains were never seen in the 1990s and first appeared in 2001, increasing significantly in proportion from 20% of MRSA isolates recovered in the NICU to 60% in 2004 and 2005 (p = .04) (Figure). Risk factors significantly associated with the recovery of PVL+ CA-MRSA USA300 isolates in univariate analysis included shorter length of stay, older gestational age, and higher birthweight; older gestational age was an independent predictor in multivariate analysis (OR 1.25/week, 95% CI 1.0-1.6). Mode of delivery (cesarean section vs vaginal delivery) was not associated with PVL status of the MRSA isolate. Conclusions The PVL+ MRSA USA300 clone has emerged as the predominant MRSA genotype recovered from NICU patients. Vertical transmission at birth as well as nosocomial acquisition appear to be occurring among neonates.
Das Wesen der Wärmepumpe

Jede Kalteanlage kann als eine Einrichtung angesehen werden, um Warme von einer tiefen Temperatur auf eine hohere zu bringen, die fur industrielle Zwecke verwertbar ist. Diese von Lord Kelvin 1852 ausgesprochene Verwendbarkeit der Anlage wird als Warmepumpe bezeichnet. Ihr Hautpzweck besteht in der Erzeugung einer genugend hohen Temperatur der abzufuhrenden Warme; als solche ergibt sich nicht nur die im Kompressor in Warme umgewandelte Arbeit, sondern auch noch die Kalteleistung Man erhalt demnach nicht nur 632 kcal/h von jeder PS/h, sondern zudem noch die entsprechende Kalteleistung.
The 'New Great Migration' of Blacks to the U.S. South: Estimating duration of residence in the absence of retrospective information

BACKGROUND Prior research on the 'New Great Migration' of Blacks to the U.S. South from other U.S. regions has neglected the issue of how long Black migrants have lived or can be expected to live in the South. This is a critical omission because duration of residence is an important precondition for and an indicator of migrants' integration in receiving areas. Unfortunately, data limitations prevent estimating Black migrants' duration of residence in the South in the usual way, using information from retrospective questions and life histories. OBJECTIVE Taking an unconventional but familiar approach, this study develops the first estimates of Black migrants' expected duration of residence in the South to shed light on the temporal characteristics of the New Great Migration. METHODS Microdata from four U.S. censuses and an adaptation to the accounting procedures in multiregional life tables are used to estimate Black migrants' expected duration of residence in the South between 1965 and 2000 for four birth cohorts (those born in 1920, 1930, 1940, and 1950), with uncertainty. We further disaggregate our results by place of birth (South versus non-South). RESULTS Black migrants could expect to live about half of their remaining life between 1965 and 2000 in the South, with variation across cohorts and by place of birth. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a needed point of reference for research on the New Great Migration of Blacks to the South, and shows how analyses of the age and origin-destination structure of migration flows can reveal their implied temporal dynamics.
Keratoacanthoma: an abortive squamous cell carcinoma that does not always fail

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is an unusual entity, a neoplasm difficult to classify. It was once considered the prototype of a pseudomalignancy, yet it is now viewed in an opposite light as a pseudobenignity. It still challenges the definition of cancer. In addition, the KA may serve as a marker for the important autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome, the Muir-Torre syndrome.
Dual regulation of PLA2 and PGI2 production by G proteins in bovine aortic endothelial cells.

NaF, a nonselective activator of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), increased the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) production in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) at low concentrations (40-60 mM). On the other hand, higher concentrations (100 mM) inhibited phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) compared with the basal activity. Intracellular Ca 2+ levels did not rise after treatment with stimulatory concentrations of NaF, and, moreover, neither neomycin nor Ca 2+ -free medium affected the biphasic pattern of PGI 2 synthesis in response to NaF. CGP-43187, an inhibitor of the 14-kDa secretory PLA 2 , did not affect NaF-induced AA release. However, AACOCF 3 , a specific inhibitor of the cytosolic 85-kDa PLA 2 (cPLA 2 ), abrogated AA release and PGI 2 production in response to 60 mM NaF. A biphasic pattern of PGI 2 production was also obtained with the guanosine 5'-triphosphate analogues guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) and guanylylimidodiphosphate in permeabilized BAEC. Pretreatment of the cells with guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) suppressed the inhibition and the stimulation of AA release induced by guanylylimidodiphosphate. In addition, phenylisopropyl adenosine inhibited the release of AA and PGI 2 , whereas ATP and bradykinin increased PGI 2 . Pertussis toxin not only inhibited ATP- and bradykinin-stimulated PGI 2 release, it also reversed the inhibitory effect of phenylisopropyl adenosine, resulting in a significant stimulation. These findings strongly suggest that, in BAEC, cPLA 2 is coupled with more than one G protein that are involved in inhibition and stimulation of cPLA 2 activity.
Multicomponent density functional theory embedding formulation.

Multicomponent density functional theory (DFT) methods have been developed to treat two types of particles, such as electrons and nuclei, quantum mechanically at the same level. In the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) approach, all electrons and select nuclei, typically key protons, are treated quantum mechanically. For multicomponent DFT methods developed within the NEO framework, electron-proton correlation functionals based on explicitly correlated wavefunctions have been designed and used in conjunction with well-established electronic exchange-correlation functionals. Herein a general theory for multicomponent embedded DFT is developed to enable the accurate treatment of larger systems. In the general theory, the total electronic density is separated into two subsystem densities, denoted as regular and special, and different electron-proton correlation functionals are used for these two electronic densities. In the specific implementation, the special electron density is defined in terms of spatially...
Does the Legal System Affect the Cost of External Financing?---Evidence from IPO Underpricing of Foreign Firms Listed in U.S. Stock Markets

To study the effect of the legal system on the cost of external financing, we examine the degree of underpricing of the IPOs by foreign companies listed in the USA. We find that firms from highly corrupted countries have larger IPO underpricing. The quality of the home countries' public law enforcement reduces the degree of IPO underpricing. In particular, the criminal sanction for violations of securities laws is the most significant factor in reducing underpricing. The evidence shows that even when a non-US firm meets sophisticated US regulations and goes public in a US exchange, the degree of underpricing is still influenced by the legal and judicial system in the home country. Following La Porta et al. (2000a), we provide evidence against the functional convergence hypothesis (Coffee, 1999 and 2002).
The effects of computer-mediated communication anxiety on student perceptions of instructor behaviors, perceived learning, and quiz performance

ABSTRACTOnline environments increasingly serve as contexts for learning. Hence, it is important to understand how student characteristics, such as student computer-mediated communication anxiety (CMCA) affects learning outcomes in mediated classrooms. To better understand how student CMCA may influence student online learning experiences, we tested a proposed model based on the instructional beliefs model (IBM) to determine how CMCA influenced perceptions of instructor credibility, electronic propinquity, and learning outcomes (i.e. perceived learning and quiz performance). This model was compared with the IBM and the newly proposed model provided a better fit to the data. This model helps explicate the direct and indirect effects of CMCA in online learning environments.
Abstract 3512: Measuring intracellular target engagement and drug residence time with nanoBRET

We present a biophysical method to directly measure target engagement within intact mammalian cells using bioluminescence energy transfer (BRET). Compound interactions with intracellular targets can be detected with complete specificity by their ability to compete with energy transfer complexes introduced into the cells. These complexes can be detected at physiologically relevant levels by exploiting an extraordinarily bright luciferase (NanoLuc), together with fluorescent tracers optimized for cell-permeability and spectral resolution from the luciferase. We demonstrate applications of the technology for target engagement among key drug target classes, including; kinases, histone deacetylases (HDACs), bromodomains, and the methyltransferase EZH2. Intracellular selectivity and affinity profiles of various reference compounds and approved drugs will be presented. For a panel of HDAC inhibitors, affinity profiles for specific HDAC isozymes strongly correlate with phenotypic potencies (e.g. cell viability). Furthermore, the luminescent output of the energy transfer complex enables a technique to monitor ligand occupancy in real-time. Association and dissociation rates can be derived from the kinetic measurements, providing a means to quantify drug residence time on select targets within intact cell populations. This novel application of intracellular BRET should significantly advance target engagement work flows, and allow for intracellular target affinities to be coupled to phenotypic outcomes. Citation Format: Matthew B. Robers, Melanie Dart, Chad Zimprich, Thomas Kirkland, Sergiy Levin, Thomas Machleidt, Jim Hartnett, Kris Zimmerman, Rachel Ohana, Danette Daniels, Mei Cong, Frank Fan, Keith Wood. Measuring intracellular target engagement and drug residence time with nanoBRET. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3512. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3512
Tyrosine and aurora kinase inhibitors diminish transport function of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 4 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)

Tyrosine and aurora kinases are important effectors in signal transduction pathways that are often involved in aberrant cancer cell growth. Tyrosine (TKI) and aurora (AKI) kinase inhibitors are anti-cancer agents specifically designed to target such signaling pathways through TKI/AKI binding to the ATP-binding pocket of kinases thereby leading to diminished kinase activity. Some TKIs have been identified as inhibitors of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), which are commonly upregulated in malignant cells. TKI/AKIs have been investigated as ABC transporter inhibitors in order to facilitate the accumulation of concomitantly administered chemo-therapeutics within cancer cells. However, ABC transporters are prominently expressed in the liver and other eliminating organs, and their inhibition has been linked to intracellular accumulation of drugs, altered disposition, and toxicity. The potential for TKIs/AKIs to inhibit other important hepatic efflux transporters, particularly multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to compare the inhibitory potency of 20 selected TKI/AKIs against MRP4 and BCRP through the use of inverted membrane vesicle assays. Relative IC 50 values were estimated by determining TKI/AKI inhibition of MRP4-mediated [ 3 H]-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate uptake and BCRP-mediated [ 3 H]-estrone sulfate uptake. To provide insight to the clinical relevance of TKI/AKI inhibition of ABC efflux transporters, the ratio of the steady-state maximum total plasma concentration (C ss ) to the IC 50 for each compound was calculated with C ss /IC 50 ratio >0.1 deemed potentially clinically relevant. Such analysis identified several potentially clinically relevant inhibitors of MRP4: alisertib, danusertib, erlotinib, lapatinib, neratinib, nilotinib, pazopanib, sorafenib, and tozasertib. The potentially clinically relevant inhibition of BCRP was much more extensive and included alisertib, barasertib, danusertib, enzastaurin, erlotinib, gefitinib, imatinib, neratinib, nilotinib, pazopanib, selumetinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, tozasertib, and vandetanib. These findings indicate the significant potential for TKI/AKIs to inhibit multiple ABC efflux transporters. The resulting inhibition data could provide insight regarding the clinical interpretation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic outcomes when TKI/AKIs are administered concomitantly with additional chemotherapeutic agents.
Collaborative Language Grounding Toward Situated Human-Robot Dialogue

To enable situated human-robot dialogue, techniques to support grounded language communication are essential. One particular challenge is to ground human language to robot internal representation of the physical world. Although copresent in a shared environment, humans and robots have mismatched capabilities in reasoning, perception, and action. Their representations of the shared environment and joint tasks are significantly misaligned. Humans and robots will need to make extra effort to bridge the gap and strive for a common ground of the shared world. Only then, is the robot able to engage in language communication and joint tasks. Thus computational models for language grounding will need to take collaboration into consideration. A robot not only needs to incorporate collaborative effort from human partners to better connect human language to its own representation, but also needs to make extra collaborative effort to communicate its representation in language that humans can understand. To address these issues, the Language and Interaction Research group (LAIR) at Michigan State University has investigated multiple aspects of collaborative language grounding. This article gives a brief introduction to this research effort and discusses several collaborative approaches to grounding language to perception and action.
A high-force, high-stroke distal robotic add-on for endoscopy

‘Snap-On’ robotic modules that can integrate distally with existing commercially-available endoscopic equipment have the potential to provide new capabilities such as enhanced dexterity, bilateral manipulation and feedback sensing with minimal disruption of the current clinical workflow. However, the desire for fully-distal integration of sensors and actuators and the resulting form factor requirements preclude the use of many off-the-shelf actuators capable of generating the relevant strokes and forces required to interact with tools and tissue. In this work, we investigate the use of millimeter-scale, optimally-packed helical shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators in an antagonistic configuration to provide distal actuation without the need for a continuous mechanical coupling to proximal, off-board actuation packages to realize a truly plug-and-play solution. Using phenomenological modeling, we design and fabricate antagonistic helical SMA pairs and implement them in an at-scale roboendoscopic module to generate strokes and forces necessary for deflecting tools passed through the endoscope working port, thereby providing a controllable robotic ‘wrist’ inside the body to otherwise passive flexible tools. Bandwidth is drastically improved through the integration of targeted fluid cooling. The integrated system can generate maximum lateral forces of 10N and demonstrates an additional 96 degrees of distal angulation, expanding the reachable workspace of tools passed through a standard endoscope.
A Case of Infective Endocarditis and Spinal Epidural Abscess Caused by Streptococcus mitis Bacteremia.

A 57-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, hematemesis, and melena. He reported taking high-dose ibuprofen for back pain and drinking several 24-ounce beers daily. Examination was remarkable for icteric sclera, poor dentition, tachycardia, and crescendo-decrescendo murmur at right upper sternal border, radiating to the carotids. Labs revealed leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver function tests and INR. Endoscopy demonstrated antral ulcers, duodenitis, and esophagitis. Blood cultures were obtained and broad-spectrum antibiotics started; cultures later grew Streptococcus mitis, and antibiotic coverage was narrowed. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) demonstrated aortic stenosis and regurgitation, but no vegetation. Repeat blood cultures were negative; however, the patient developed neurological symptoms concerning for cauda equina syndrome, and MRI revealed epidural abscess. Emergent decompression could not be performed as the patient developed hematemesis and required intubation. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), initially deferred due to friable esophageal mucosa, was performed and revealed small aortic valve vegetation. Poor oral hygiene was felt to be the probable source of the patient’s S. mitis bacteremia, epidural abscess, and infective endocarditis. The patient’s neurological symptoms resolved without intervention and remaining teeth were extracted. This case demonstrates that Streptococcus mitis can result in clinically significant bacteremia, particularly in immunocompromised patients, including chronic heavy alcohol users.
Does the Type of Textbook Matter? Results of a Study of Free Electronic Reading Materials at a Community College

ABSTRACTThis research describes a quasi-experiment across one face-to-face section and two online sections of introductory sociology testing freely available electronic resources (i.e., open education resources [OERs] and open access) to a paid printed textbook. This study fills a gap in the literature on how type of reading material (e.g., print/paid and electronic/open) affects student learning outcomes. The results show no significant relationship between type of reading materials on pre/posttest improvement or final grades. College-readiness at the time of enrollment at the college along with being a full-time student positively affected posttest score improvement. GPA was the only variable positively and significantly related to final grade. These findings suggest that using OERs and open access resources might be a viable choice for reducing textbook costs, thereby increasing access to higher education. Caution, however, is warranted as students indicate a preference for print (paid) over electronic...
High contrast-to-tissue ratio imaging technique using the unique vaporization signature from phase-change contrast agents

Phase-Change Contrast Agents (PCCAs) are liquid core droplets that can be vaporized, or activated, into echogenic microbubbles with the application of ultrasound. The vaporization event produces a unique acoustic signature that is different from that produced by tissue and microbubbles. In this work, the ability to produce high CTR images using the unique low frequency vaporization signature of PCCAs is demonstrated using a clinical array.
Generation of High-Power High-Intensity Short X-Ray Free-Electron-Laser Pulses

X-ray free-electron lasers combine a high pulse power, short pulse length, narrow bandwidth, and high degree of transverse coherence. Any increase in the photon pulse power, while shortening the pulse length, will further push the frontier on several key x-ray free-electron laser applications including single-molecule imaging and novel nonlinear x-ray methods. This Letter shows experimental results at the Linac Coherent Light Source raising its maximum power to more than 300% of the current limit while reducing the photon pulse length to 10 fs. This was achieved by minimizing residual transverse-longitudinal centroid beam offsets and beam yaw and by correcting the dispersion when operating over 6 kA peak current with a longitudinally shaped beam.
Real Time Detection of Damage During Quasi-Static Loading of a Single Stringer Panel Using Passive Thermography

Real time nondestructive evaluation is required for composites load testing. The early detection and measurement of damage progression is important to understand failure modes. A single stringer panel was subjected to quasi-static loading to induce deformation which can result in the formation of delamination damage between the stiffener flange and skin. Passive thermography was used to detect damage in real time as a function of the applied load. The loading was stopped when damage growth was detected. Of particular interest was the early detection of damage formation which can be challenging, as compared to cyclic fatigue loading. Passive thermography data were acquired and processed in real time and revealed damaged areas due to heating from fiber breakage and delamination formation. The processed thermal imagery was also compared to acoustic emission and ultrasound data.
b-Bit Minwise Hashing for Large-Scale Learning

Abstract Minwise hashing is a standard technique in the context of search for efficiently computing set similarities. The recent development of b-bit minwise hashing provides a substantial improvement by storing only the lowest b bits of each hashed value. In this paper, we demonstrate that b-bit minwise hashing can be naturally integrated with linear learning algorithms such as linear SVM and logistic regression, to solve large-scale and high-dimensional statistical learning tasks, especially when the data do not fit in memory. We compare b-bit minwise hashing with the Count-Min (CM) and Vowpal Wabbit (VW) algorithms, which have essentially the same variances as random projections. Our theoretical and empirical comparisons illustrate that b-bit minwise hashing is significantly more accurate (at the same storage cost) than VW (and random projections) for binary data.
Amides and Amines

The spectra of amides are of importance especially because they are related to proteins and polypeptides. Table 8.1 (Bellamy, 1958) shows the important group frequencies of various amides. The absorption bands displayed by the amides are due to N-H and C=O stretching vibrations, N-H deformations, and to mixed vibrations known as “amide bands,” e.g., amide I, amide II, etc. The amide I band is caused by stretching of the C=O group. The amide II band comes from NH2 deformation in primary amides and from a mixed vibration of N-H bending and C-N stretching in secondary amides.* The various bands displayed by amides are discussed again in greater detail in Chapter 10. Bentley et al. (1968) have summarized the characteristic frequencies of amides in the region ~700-300 cm −1.
Lung Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions

Both benign and malignant lung tumors are uncommon in the fetus and infant. Metastatic disease is more prevalent [1–7]. Rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms’ tumor, hepatoblastoma, rhabdoid tumor, and yolk sac tumor are the main malignant neoplasms that metastasize to the lungs during the first year of life. In patients with Leukemia, the pulmonary vessels may contain leukemic cells, and these cells may infiltrate the alveolar wall; perivascular infiltrates are found in severe cases [1, 5, 7].
Conceptualization and assessment of E-service quality for luxury brands

Designed as a two-part study, the current study systematically evaluates the e-service quality performance of luxury fashion websites (Study 1) and investigates actual shoppers’ perceptions and eva...
Testicular Mesothelioma: An Analysis of Epidemiology, Patient Outcomes, and Prognostic Factors.

Abstract Objectives To characterize demographic features, clinical characteristics, and oncologic outcomes of mesothelioma of the testis. Methods A population based search was performed using the National Cancer Institute's SEER 18 database. Patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma of the male genital organs from 1973 to 2015 were identified. Data on patient age, race, tumor laterality, histologic subtype, tumor extent, tumor size, tumor grade, treatment, cause of death, and survival months was collected. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results A total of 113 patients with testicular mesothelioma were identified. The 5-year OS and DSS for all patients was 49% and 58%, and the 10-year OS and DSS was 33% and 45%, respectively. Biphasic mesotheliomas were associated with worse OS compared to general mesotheliomas and epithelioid subtypes (P = .043 and P = .039, respectively). Median survival time was not reached in patients with T1 disease while OS was 1.7 years and DSS was 1.8 years for patients with T4 disease (OS P = .002, DSS P Conclusion This rare malignancy has significant mortality, with poor survival associated with biphasic subtypes, higher disease stage, and a critical tumor size cutoff of 4 cm.
Abstract TP275: Impact of a Direct to Computed Tomography Protocol on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Door-to-Needle Time in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) guidelines recommend brain imaging with computed tomography (CT) within 20 minutes of emergency department (ED) ...
Civic Engagement Across the Computing Curriculum

As outlined in the ACM Computer Science Curricula 2013 Guidelines section on Social Issues and Professional Practice, "Students must also be exposed to the larger societal context of computing to develop an understanding of the relevant social [and] ethical ... issues." In this panel, we demonstrate diverse approaches used to achieve this goal with respect to civic engagement. Drawing from experiences with non-major, introductory computing, mobile applications, software engineering, and interdisciplinary courses, we discuss how to move beyond surface-level discussions of ethical case studies toward an integration of civic engagement activities and personal reflection into standard computing curriculum.
Understanding long-term effects of Ebola virus disease.

Human survivors of Ebola virus disease are more likely than uninfected controls to develop memory loss, uveitis, and other abnormal conditions, and Ebola virus remains in semen much longer than previously thought.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Aging Retina

Mitochondria are central in retinal cell function and survival and they perform functions that are critical to cell function. Retinal neurons have high energy requirements, since large amounts of ATP are needed to generate membrane potentials and power membrane pumps. Mitochondria over the course of aging undergo a number of changes. Aged mitochondria exhibit decreased rates of oxidative phosphorylation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and increased numbers of mtDNA mutations. Mitochondria in the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage with aging. Many age-related retinal diseases, including glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, mitochondria are a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of retinal disease.
Large animal models contribute to the development of therapies for central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction in patients with lysosomal storage diseases

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of 70 monogenic disorders characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of a substrate. As a group, LSDs affect ~1 in 5000 live births; however, each individual storage disease is rare, limiting the ability to perform natural history studies or to perform clinical trials. Perhaps in no other biomedical field have naturally occurring large animal (canine, feline, ovine, caprine, and bovine) models been so essential for understanding the fundamentals of disease pathogenesis and for developing safe and effective therapies. These models were critical for the development of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in α- and β- mannosidosis, fucosidosis, and the mucopolysaccharidoses; enzyme replacement therapy for fucosidosis, the mucopolysaccharidoses, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; and small molecule therapy in Niemann-Pick type C disease. However, their most notable contributions to the biomedical field are in the development of gene therapy for LSDs. Adeno-associated viral vectors to treat nervous system disease have been evaluated in the large animal models of α-mannosidosis, globoid cell leukodystrophy, GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis, the mucopolysaccharidoses, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. This review article will summarize the large animal models available for study as well as their contributions to the development of central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction in LSDs.
Scalable QoS for Distributed Storage Clusters using Dynamic Token Allocation

The paper addresses the problem of providing performance QoS guarantees in a clustered storage system. Multiple related storage objects are grouped into logical containers called buckets, which are distributed over the servers based on the placement policies of the storage system. QoS is provided at the level of buckets. The service credited to a bucket is the aggregate of the IOs received by its objects at all the servers. The service depends on individual time-varying demands and congestion at the servers. We present a token-based, coarse-grained approach to providing IO reservations and limits to buckets. We propose pShift, a novel token allocation algorithm that works in conjunction with token-sensitive scheduling at each server to control the aggregate IOs received by each bucket on multiple servers. pShift determines the optimal token distribution based on the estimated bucket demands and server IOPS capacities. Compared to existing approaches, pShift has far smaller overhead, and can be accelerated using parallelization and approximation. Our experimental results show that pShift provides accurate QoS among the buckets with different access patterns, and handles runtime demand changes well.
Dis/ability as Mediator: Opportunity Encounters in Hybrid Learning Spaces for Emergent Bilinguals with Dis/abilities:

BackgroundThough there has been some attention to how emergent bilinguals learn in relation to languages and cultures, very little research to date has examined similar processes in emergent biling...
Optimizing scalable, technology-supported behavioral interventions to prevent opioid misuse among adolescents and young adults in the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

Abstract Preventing opioid misuse and opioid use disorder is critical among at-risk adolescents and young adults (AYAs). An Emergency Department (ED) visit provides an opportunity for delivering interventions during a rapidly changing opioid landscape. This paper describes pilot data and the protocol for a 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial testing efficacy of early interventions to reduce escalation of opioid (prescription or illicit) misuse among at-risk AYAs. Interventions are delivered using technology by health coaches. AYAs ages 16–30 in the ED screening positive for prescription opioid use (+ ≥ 1 risk factor) or opioid misuse will be stratified by risk severity, sex, and age group. Participants will be randomly assigned to a condition at intake, either a live video health coach-delivered single session or a control condition of an enhanced usual care (EUC) community resource brochure. They are also randomly assigned to one of two post-intake conditions: health coach-delivered portal-like messaging via web portal over 30 days or EUC delivered at 30 days post-intake. Thus, the trial has four groups: health coach-delivered session+portal, health coach-delivered session+EUC, EUC + portal, and EUC + EUC. Outcomes will be measured at 3-, 6-, and 12-months. The primary outcome is opioid misuse based on a modified Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Secondary outcomes include other opioid outcomes (e.g., days of opioid misuse, overdose risk behaviors), other substance misuse and consequences, and impaired driving. This study is innovative by testing the efficacy of feasible and scalable technology-enabled interventions to reduce and prevent opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov University of Michigan HUM00177625 NCT Registration: NCT04550715
Levels of Phosphoserine, Phosphothreonine and Prostaglandins in a Rat Transplantable Hepatoma and Prostatic Tumor

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins have been associated with regulatory mechanisms in many biological processes (1). In eukaryotic cells, tyrosine, threonine and/or serine residues represent the main substrates for phosphorylation by protein kinases. Many of the compounds that we have found to affect metabolism of arachidonic acid are associated with phosphorylation reactions (2). These include growth factors, diacylglycerol analogs and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (Table 1). In addition, most tumor promoters stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism in a dose-dependent manner, but they vary in the capacity to induce ornithine decarboxylase, to irritate skin, to induce HL-60 cell adhesion, to inhibit [3H] TPA binding, and to activate protein kinase C (3). Based on the capacity to activate protein kinase C, the tumor promoters, TPA, teleocidin and aplysiatoxin were classified as TPA-types; okadaic acid, thapsigargin and palytoxin were classified as non-TPA type tumor promoters (3). Okadaic acid is an inhibitor of a phosphatase active on serine (threonine)-phosphate (4). It could be functioning as a tumor promoter and stimulator of arachidonic acid metabolism by preventing dephosphorylation of a serine (threonine)-phosphate that regulates a pathway leading to both tumor formation and prostaglandin production. Thapsigargin activates entry into cells of Ca2+ (5), an intracellular messenger whose manifold activities include phosphorylation reactions. The third of the non-TPA type tumor promoters, palytoxin, is thought to interact with the Na+, K+-ATPase, transforming this ion pump into a nonspecific cation channel (6).
The Stale Specter of Nazism: Historical Burdens and Skewed Optics in F. C. Delius's Die Flatterzunge

In 1997 the first trombone player of the Berlin German Opera signed his tab in a hotel bar in Tel Aviv “Adolf Hitler.” F. C. Delius's novel, Die Flatterzunge, fictionalizes this event in order to explore why an educated individual would wish to identify himself with Hitler. Set in the late 1990s, Delius's text exploits the real event in Tel Aviv to explore Germany's fetishized relationship to its past in the wake of reunification. While the text critiques the negation of history as an ethical compass for the collective, it also takes to task a collective obsession with the past that consistently frames how the present is seen. Framed in this way, the questioning of the historical optic challenges New Right revisionists who advocate individual memory in place of collective forms of remembering and at the same time asks whether history must continue to be the method of engaging with and representing contemporary Germany.
Analyzing chinese‐english mixed language queries in a web search engine

With the increasing number of multilingual web pages on the Internet, multilingual information retrieval has become an important research issue. While queries are the key element of information retrieval process, mixed-language queries have not yet been adequately studied. This study investigates the search topics and user intents of Chinese-English mixed language queries submitted to a Chinese web search engine, and develops a typology of English terms used in those mixed language queries. The preliminary findings show that the category of search topics and distribution of user intents differ from those of monolingual queries reported in previous studies, suggesting a specific searching behavior of Chinese-English mixed language queries users. The findings of this study could provide useful insights in understanding specific searching behavior of Chinese-English mixed language queries users, and inform the construction of controlled vocabularies and cross-lingual query expansion.
Surface nanostructuring of silicon

Irradiation with polarized laser light of 248-nm wavelength induces the formation of periodic undulations ∼10-nm-highon flat silicon substrates. The wavelength of these periodic structures is a function of the light wavelength and the angle of incidence of the laser beam. Linear arrays of silicon nanoparticles with fairly uniform size that extended up to a millimeter were formed if the irradiation was performed using polarized light. When non-polarized laser light with the same fluence was used to illuminate an initially flat surface, non-aligned nanoparticle strings were obtained. However, if part of the irradiated area was microstructured, nanoparticle linear arrays resulted in the vicinity of the microstructured region. An analysis on the evolution of these nanostructures is presented. Nanocolumns could be grown on top of every cone of a microstructured surface upon cumulative laser irradiation with non-polarized light, reaching a height of ∼3 μm and a diameter of 100–200 nm. The mechanisms of nanocolumn origin and growth are analyzed.
Hormonal regulation of ovalbumin synthesis in the chick oviduct.

Estrogens and progesterone regulate the differentiation and function of chick oviduct (1–4). Our attention has been focused on hormonal regulation of ovalbumin synthesis, since this single polypeptide comprises 50–60% of the protein synthesized in the fully differentiated oviduct. This feature allows potentially for isolation of the molecular elements involved in specific protein synthesis, including specific polysomes, mRNA, and genes, and an analysis of various regulatory steps between transcription and translation of specific mRNAs, as affected by developmental and hormonal variables.
Arginine Requirement and Apparent Absence of a Lysine-Arginine Antagonist in Fingerling Channel Catfish

A series of growth studies, utilizing casein-gelatin based diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids, were conducted to determine the arginine requirement for fingerling channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and to evaluate the effects of excessive levels of dietary lysine and arginine. Weight gain and feed efficiency data indicate the arginine requirement to be 1.03 +/- 0.07% and 1.00 +/- 0.06% of the dry diet, respectively. Based on growth this corresponds to 4.29% of the dietary protein. There was no evidence of an arginine-lysine antagonism when excess lysine was fed in diets adequate or marginal in arginine. Similarly, growth and feed efficiency data suggest the lack of an antagonism when excess arginine is added to diets marginal in lysine. Apparently channel catfish are not as sensitive to disproportionate lysine and arginine levels as are other animals.
Temporal and spatial mapping of red grouper Epinephelus morio sound production.

The goals of this project were to determine the daily, seasonal and spatial patterns of red grouper Epinephelus morio sound production on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) using passive acoustics. An 11 month time series of acoustic data from fixed recorders deployed at a known E. morio aggregation site showed that E. morio produce sounds throughout the day and during all months of the year. Increased calling (number of files containing E. morio sound) was correlated to sunrise and sunset, and peaked in late summer (July and August) and early winter (November and December). Due to the ubiquitous production of sound, large-scale spatial mapping across the WFS of E. morio sound production was feasible using recordings from shorter duration-fixed location recorders and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Epinephelus morio were primarily recorded in waters 15-93 m deep, with increased sound production detected in hard bottom areas and within the Steamboat Lumps Marine Protected Area (Steamboat Lumps). AUV tracks through Steamboat Lumps, an offshore marine reserve where E. morio hole excavations have been previously mapped, showed that hydrophone-integrated AUVs could accurately map the location of soniferous fish over spatial scales of <1 km. The results show that passive acoustics is an effective, non-invasive tool to map the distribution of this species over large spatial scales.