cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient forebrain ischemia induced phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein is suppressed by hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia enhances brain damage due to transient cerebral ischemic stroke. The hyperglycemia-mediated detrimental effect is probably due to mitochondrial dysfunction and the resulting promotion of cell death pathways. In this study, we determined whether hyperglycemia suppresses cell survival signals that involve the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor (ATF-2). Total and phosphorylated CREB and ATF-2 were measured in the cingulate cortex and dentate gyrus, two structures that are ischemia-resistant under normoglycemic conditions but become ischemia-vulnerable under hyperglycemic conditions, using immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Samples were collected from normo-operated and hyperglycemic rats subjected to 15 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Transient ischemia induced a persistent phosphorylation of CREB in normoglycemic animals. Hyperglycemia suppressed phosphorylation of CREB in hyperglycemia-recruited areas. Ischemia also induced a transient increase of phospho-ATF-2 in the cingulated cortex that was suppressed by hyperglycmia. We conclude that suppression of neuronal survival signals by hyperglycemia may contribute to the mechanism of converting ischemia-resistant structures into vulnerable ones.
New organic electrolytes: tris(dialkylamino)sulfonium salts: (R2N3)S+Xμ

Abstract The electrochemical and electrical properties of tris(dimethylamino)sulfoniuin tetrafluoroborate (TASBF 4 ),a representative example of a new class of tris(dialkylamino)sulfonium salts, are described. Conductivity and cyclic voltammetric measurements were conducted in both CH 3 CN and CH 2 Cl 2 , and the results were compared with those of tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF 4 ). The peak separation of the Fc/Fc + couple is smaller with the TAS salt than with the TBA salt. The effect of electrolyte concentration and sweep rate on the peak separation is discussed. From conductivity measurements, the dissociation constants of TASBF 4 in both solvents are 20–30% larger than those of TBABF 4 . The limiting conductivity of the TAS cation in CH 3 CN (102 S cm 2 mol −1 ) is about 60% higher than that of the TBA cation.
Understanding and summarization

This article is an overview of the literature on narrative summarization. The capacity to summarize is a fundamental property of intelligence and has significance for several areas of artificial intelligence research and development. The first part of the paper includes a description of four critical features of a summary. The bulk of this review is concerned with sorting available summarization frameworks and techniques. A latter section of the paper describes the significance of summarization technology to three current topics in artificial intelligence: explanation-based learning, case-based reasoning, and plan evaluation.
Limitations on lowstand meteoric diagenesis in the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Florida and Great Bahama Bank: Implications for eustatic sea-level models

Data from three Bahamian and South Floridan cores with deeper water facies show that, contrary to current models, there is no phreatic meteoric diagenesis that can be attributed to large-scale sea-level lowstands. Models of meteoric diagenesis in carbonate sediments commonly assume major phreatic alteration during glacio-eustatic sea-level lowstands. However, the diagenesis previously attributed to large-scale (>80 m) lowstands is found in shallow-water facies that have been repetitively exposed. In order to document diagenesis from large-scale lowstands, an interval is needed that was deposited in deeper water and not immediately exposed to meteoric fluids. Three cores with such deeper-water facies indicate that the majority of phreatic meteoric diagenesis in Florida and the Bahamas happened during glacio-eustatic highstands, not during lowstands. The data also suggest that diagenetically active meteoric lenses in Florida and the Bahamas are restricted to within 60 m, and perhaps less, of the land surface. The most likely reasons deeper lenses are chemically inactive are (1) the greater percolation distance allows the water to reach saturation prior to entering the lens, and (2) the large distance exceeds the reach of soil-derived organic matter, known to drive diagenesis in meteoric lenses. Models that currently assume a constant rate for alteration in meteoric fluids need to accommodate this variation with thickness of the vadose zone. This study also questions the use of paleophreatic lenses as records of eustatic sea level, as the large-scale falls may not leave any record.
Hydrogen-Induced Blistering of SiC: The Role of Post-Implant Multi-Step Annealing Sequences

Hydrogen-exfoliation has become a viable approach to transfer SiC thin layers onto different substrate materials. However, little attention has been paid to the exfoliation-inducing annealing conditions. To investigate the annealing conditions, 4H SiC wafers were implanted with either 2.5×1016 H2 + cm-2 or 5.0×1016 cm-2at 37 KeV. Post-implant, multi-step annealing sequences were examined in order to promote more efficient blistering, and it was found that a low temperature initial annealing step (T ≈ 500°C) can decrease the annealing time necessary in the high temperature regime; this was attributed to a nucleation of hydrogen induced platelet defects during the low temperature annealing regime and efficient splitting during a higher temperature (900 °C) anneal. This process is similar to what is observed for InP and Si exfoliation, except that the annealing processes occur at higher temperature.
Shortcomings of cuffed paediatric tracheal tubes

Background. The goal of this investigation was to evaluate adequacy of the design of readily available paediatric cuffed tracheal tubes (CPTT). Methods. In 15 series of cuffed (11) and uncuffed (four) paediatric tracheal tubes (ID: 2.5‐7.0 mm) from four different manufacturers the following dimensions were measured: outer diameter of the tube, position and largest diameter of the tube cuff inflated at 20 cm H2O and position of depth markings and compared with age-related dimensions. Results. Outer diameters for tubes with similar IDs varied markedly between manufacturers and between cuffed and uncuffed tracheal tubes from the same manufacturer. Cuff diameters at 20 cm H2O cuff pressure and cross-sectional cuff area at 20 cm H2O cuff pressure did not always cover maximal internal age-related tracheal diameters and cross-sectional areas. Placing the tube tip in the mid-trachea, the cuffs of cuffed tubes with ID 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mm would become positioned within the larynx. If the cuffs were placed 1 cm below the cricoid level, many of the tube tips would be dangerously deep within the trachea. Only five of the 11 cuffed tubes had a depth marking. In many of these tubes the distances from depth marking to tube tip were greater than the age-related minimal tracheal length. Conclusion. Most cuffed paediatric tracheal tubes are poorly designed, in particular the smaller sizes. A better design of cuffed tubes with a short high-volume, low-pressure cuff, cuff-free subglottic space and adequately placed depth markings are urgently needed.
Detecting and Correcting Model Anomalies in Subspaces of Robot Planning Domains

Making decisions based on accurate models enables robots to exploit domain knowledge to act intelligently. However, in many realistic domains, it is impossible to have globally accurate models, as the world may exhibit modes of behavior during deployment that were unforeseeable during model building. This paper addresses the problem of adaptation in domains in which robots have access to a model of the world that is generally accurate, but which is inadequate in particular sets of similar situations - i.e., subspaces of the task domain. Using optimization techniques to find parametric approximations to these subspaces, our framework generalizes from sparse observations to find and correct for statistical incongruences between expected and observed behavior. We demonstrate this framework in a domain in which single deployment adaptation is essential: a team of soccer robots keeping the ball away from a previously unknown opponent. Empirical results show that the framework improves model accuracy and task performance over timescales comparable to a single soccer game.
A General Approach to Coprime Pairs of Matrices, Based on Minors

In signal processing, coprime pairs of integer matrices have an important role in the study of multidimensional multirate systems, and in multidimensional array processing. In this paper a general theorem for coprimality of pairs of matrices is first presented, based on the minors of an associated composite matrix. First, a necessary and sufficient set of conditions for coprimality is presented based on minors. This result applies to matrices of any size. Several useful consequences of the result are discussed, and it is first applied to the 2 × 2 case, including special cases such as Toeplitz matrices, commuting Toeplitz matrices, circulants, and skew circulants. The condition under which a 2 × 2 integer matrix and its ajdugate are coprime is also derived. The minor based result is then applied extensively for the 3 × 3 case to derive new coprimality conditions for several matrix pairs. In particular, adjugates of matrices are considered in detail because adjugates always commute with the parent matrices. The so-called generalized 3 × 3 circulant matrix and its adjugate are then analyzed in detail. Generalized circulants also form a commuting family. Special cases such as 3 × 3 circulant pairs and skew circulant pairs are also elaborated.
Extraordinary isotopic fractionation in ozone photolysis

Analysis of experimental ozone absorption spectra reveals that ultraviolet photolysis within the structured Huggins band yields extraordinary wavelength-dependent isotopic fractionation, oscillating between complete enrichment and complete depletion for changes of less than 2 nm in the excitation wavelength. Visible photolysis yields wavelength-dependent fractionation that varies from −300‰ to +300‰. Photochemical modeling demonstrates photolysis contributes fractionation up to +45‰ to the heavy ozone anomaly in the middle stratosphere with measurable ^(17)O and ^(18)O isotopologue-dependent variations as a function of altitude despite the fact that the extraordinary photolysis-induced isotopic fractionation effect is dampened in the atmosphere due to the integration over all excitation wavelengths.
Managing the Dynamic Science and Engineering Labor Market in the United States

The five million workers employed in science and engineering ( S& E) occupations, and the 20 million with S& E degrees, are considered keys to U. S. competitiveness in the 21st century. Most of those earning Ph Ds in engineering at U. S. universities are foreigners, as are many of those earning Ph Ds in science. Many U. S. employers assert that the U. S. Government impairs economic competitiveness with policies that force some foreigners who earn advanced degrees from U. S. Universities to leave and restrict admissions of H-1 B temporary foreign workers and that employers want to hire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Quality of life associated with daily opioid therapy in a primary care chronic pain sample.

Background: Daily opioid therapy is widely used in the treatment of chronic noncancer pain, yet there is limited empirical evidence on the relationship of opioid dosing and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in primary care settings. Methods: An analysis was conducted to assess the relationship of opioid dose to quality of life. The sample consisted of 801 chronic pain patients who were prescribed daily opioids and 93 nonopioid users recruited from the practices of 235 primary care physicians. Eight HRQoL domain scores were calculated and compared with US norms and across opioid use groups. A new modeling technique, propensity score matching analysis, was performed to adjust for potential confounding factors across 4 morphine-equivalent opioid dose groups ( 105 mg). Results: HRQoL scores were significantly lower in chronic noncancer pain patients relative to the US general population regardless of opioid use. In unadjusted comparisons, those using up to 20 mg/d of opioids had the highest HRQoL scores, whereas those using >105 mg/d had the lowest. After adjusting for potential confounders, those in the 20 mg to 40 mg/d dosing group had significantly better HRQoL scores than their non opioid-treated or higher dosed counterparts. Conclusion: Use of low- to moderate-dose opioid therapy provides an improvement in HRQoL scores for chronic noncancer pain patients compared to no opioid therapy, while high-dose opioids have a smaller positive effect that is limited to mental health quality of life and patient satisfaction, and that may not justify treatment. (J Am Board Fam Med 2008;21:108 –117.)
Mining parametric specifications

Specifications carrying formal parameters that are bound to concrete data at runtime can effectively and elegantly capture multi-object behaviors or protocols. Unfortunately, parametric specifications are not easy to formulate by nonexperts and, consequently, are rarely available. This paper presents a general approach for mining parametric specifications from program executions, based on a strict separation of concerns: (1) a trace slicer first extracts sets of independent interactions from parametric execution traces; and (2) the resulting non-parametric trace slices are then passed to any conventional non-parametric property learner. The presented technique has been implemented in jMiner, which has been used to automatically mine many meaningful and non-trivial parametric properties of OpenJDK 6.
‘Earwitness’ voice recognition: Factors affecting accuracy and impact on jurors

Two studies were conducted examining voice recognition testimony and its impact on jurors. In the first experiment, subjects listened to a tape recording of a brief sales pitch. After a retention interval of either 0, 7 or 14 days, subjects were unexpectedly asked to pick the salesperson's voice out of a five-voice taped lineup. Retention interval did not have a significant effect on hit rates or false alarms. Accuracy and pre-lineup confidence were not significantly correlated, although accuracy was related to post-lineup willingness to testify. In the second experiment, undergraduate subjects were asked to read a summary of a trial, describing a situation similar to that studied in experiment 1; the independent variables were the presence of an earwitness, the gender and confidence of the earwitness, and the retention interval. Only the presence of an earwitness had a significant main effect upon mock jurors' verdicts. However, there was a significant interaction between witness confidence and witness gender when an earwitness identification was presented.
Basic limits on protocol information in slotted communication networks

We investigate the amount of protocol information required for a communication network to meet an average delay constraint for the delivery of messages that arrive according to a Bernoulli random process. We obtain a lower bound on this overhead as a function of the arrival rate and average delay. Our model is a discretetime analog of the Poisson arrival process considered by Gallager, and we show that in the limit as slot duration goes to zero, Gallagerpsilas bound is recovered.
Neuropathogenesis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infection in macaque monkeys

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develop immunologic dysfunction and multiorgan inflammatory diseases directly associated with HIV-1 infection. Of these inflammatory diseases, the most devastating to the HIV-infected patient is involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of the clinical syndrome observed in these patients, termed HIV-associated dementia, remains poorly understood. However, as most of the detectable virus in the CNS is in cells of monocyte/ macrophage lineage, it is clear that penetration of the blood-brain barrier by HIV-1 and the subsequent influx of monocytes into the brain are crucial components in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia. Using the SIV-infected macaque model of acquired immunodeficiency disease, much has been learned about viral neuroinvasion occurring soon after experimental infection. The aim of this review is to discuss these recent advances and provide insight into plausible mechanisms for monocyte entry into ...
Three stage semelparous Leslie models.

Nonlinear Leslie matrix models have a long history of use for modeling the dynamics of semelparous species. Semelparous models, as do nonlinear matrix models in general, undergo a transcritical equilibrium bifurcation at inherent net reproductive number R 0 = 1 where the extinction equilibrium loses stability. Semelparous models however do not fall under the purview of the general theory because this bifurcation is of higher co-dimension. This mathematical fact has biological implications that relate to a dichotomy of dynamic possibilities, namely, an equilibration with over lapping age classes as opposed to an oscillation in which age classes are periodically missing. The latter possibility makes these models of particular interest, for example, in application to the well known outbreaks of periodical insects. While the nature of the bifurcation at R 0 = 1 is known for two-dimensional semelparous Leslie models, only limited results are available for higher dimensional models. In this paper I give a thorough accounting of the bifurcation at R 0 = 1 in the three-dimensional case, under some monotonicity assumptions on the nonlinearities. In addition to the bifurcation of positive equilibria, there occurs a bifurcation of invariant loops that lie on the boundary of the positive cone. I describe the geometry of these loops, classify them into three distinct types, and show that they consist of either one or two three-cycles and heteroclinic orbits connecting (the phases of) these cycles. Furthermore, I determine stability and instability properties of these loops, in terms of model parameters, as well as those of the positive equilibria. The analysis also provides the global dynamics on the boundary of the cone. The stability and instability conditions are expressed in terms of certain measures of the strength and the symmetry/asymmetry of the inter-age class competitive interactions. Roughly speaking, strong inter-age class competitive interactions promote oscillations (not necessarily periodic) with separated life-cycle stages, while weak interactions promote stable equilibration with overlapping life-cycle stages. Methods used include the theory of planar monotone maps, average Lyapunov functions, and bifurcation theory techniques.
Homeviews: peer-to-peer middleware for personal data sharing applications

This paper presents HomeViews, a peer-to-peer middleware system for building personal data management applications. HomeViews provides abstractions and services for data organization and distributed data sharing. The key innovation in HomeViews is the integration of three concepts: views and queries from databases, a capability-based protection model from operating systems, and a peer-to-peer distributed architecture. Using HomeViews, applications can (1)create views to organize files into dynamic collections, (2) share these views in a protected way across the Internet through simple exchange of capabilities, and (3) transparently integrate remote views and data into a user's local organizational structures. HomeViews operates in a purely peer-to-peer fashion, without the need for account administration or centralized data and protection management inherent in typical data-sharing systems. We have prototyped HomeViews, deployed it on a small network of Linux machines, and used it to develop two distributed data-sharing applications: a peer-to-peer version of the Gallery photo-sharing application and a simple read-only shared file system. Using measurements, we demonstrate the practicality and performance of our approach.
On an unsupervised learning rule for scalar quantization following the maximum entropy principle

In this paper we observe that a particular class of rational function (RF) approximations may be viewed as feedforward networks. Like the radial basis function (RBF) network, the training of the RF network may be performed using a linear adaptive filtering algorithm. We illustrate the application of the RF network by considering two nonlinear signal processing problems. The first problem concerns the one-step prediction of a time series consisting of a pair of complex sinusoid in the presence of colored non-gaussian noise. Simulated data were used for this problem. In the second problem, we use the RF network to build a nonlinear dynamic model of sea clutter (radar backscattering from a sea surface); here, real-life data were used for the study.
Computation of tasks modeled by directed acyclic graphs on distributed computer systems: allocation without subtask replication

The problem of optimally allocating the subtasks of computational tasks modeled by directed acyclic graphs on distributed systems with identical processors is considered. Branch-and-bound and heuristic algorithms are developed for solving the optimization problem of minimizing the system response time. The heuristics attempt to minimize interprocessor communication costs while balancing the processor load. An upper bound is derived for the error in the solution computed by the heuristic algorithms, and the performance of all algorithms is evaluated. Results presented indicate that the heuristic algorithms can provide fast and accurate solution approximations. >
Who’s Zooming Who? Seminal Fluids and Cryptic Female Choice in Diptera

Dipteran females have many opportunities to influence the reproductive success of their mates. After each mating, females may influence their mates’ post-copulatory reproductive success by choosing whether and where to store sperm, whether and when to remate and lay eggs, and how much to invest in eggs fertilized by different males. Female neural, endocrine, and muscular mechanisms are necessary for these processes to occur. We review physiological experiments that have borne this out. Further evidence from many Diptera shows that seminal fluid proteins (Sfps) also influence female post-copulatory processes including ones that affect sperm use. The most comprehensive evidence comes from Drosophila melanogaster , whose seminal proteome is well characterized. In this species, studies of sequence variation, including in natural populations, and of gene-specific knockdown in the laboratory, have identified male and female genes whose actions influence and/or correlate with post-copulatory processes in the female. Furthermore, co-evolution between Sfps and female reproductive proteins suggests their involvement in common functional pathways. We review the evidence for the interaction of Sfp-mediated effects and cryptic female choice (CFC), with a focus on D. melanogaster and evidence from other Diptera as available. Finally, we conclude by assessing what is known and as yet unknown about the interface between CFC and Sfps and by suggesting avenues for further research in this fascinating area.
Who's Ready to Surf the Next Wave? A Study of Perceived Challenges to Implementing New and Revised Standards for Archival Description

Archivists in the United States must grapple with many changes to archival descriptive standards in the next few years, including major revisions to Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS) and Encoded Archival Description (EAD), widespread adoption of the Encoded Archival Context for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families (EAC-CPF) standard, and harmonization of those standards with Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and Resource Description and Access (RDA). This study aims to measure the degree to which archivists are prepared to cope with this evolution in descriptive practices. Archivists were asked to complete a survey aimed at identifying and analyzing their familiarity with these standards and assessing perceptions of their readiness to adapt workflows and systems to changes in those standards. In particular, the survey targeted perceptions of possible technical challenges and pressures on current resources that may impede adoption of new and revised descriptive standa...
Preventing crime online: Identifying determinants of online preventive behaviors using structural equation modeling and canonical correlation analysis

The purpose of the present research was to identify determinants of online crime prevention behaviors by examining the relationships between online victimization, online exposure, online communication behaviors and online prevention within an opportunity framework. Utilizing a large national sample of residents of Canada from the General Social Survey, structural equation modeling and canonical correlation analysis were used to assess the effects of opportunity-based routines upon preventive behaviors as well as the effects of individual elements of each construct on the relationship between the constructs. Results from the structural equation models indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between online victimization and the adoption of online preventative routines, while the canonical correlation analyses suggest that these relationships are complex and that specific types of victimization are related to particular prevention efforts. The present research provides early evidence that online lifestyles influence the theorized cycle of online victimization and preventative efforts. We find that indicators of online exposure and communications routines were positive predictors of online victimization, and that online victimization is positively associated with taking precautionary measures.
Challenges of Adhesion Promotion for the Metallization of Glass Interposers

Ultra-miniaturization and 3D integration of electronic systems require interposers with a very high density of off-chip interconnections. Silicon and glass interposers are being developed widely to meet these needs. Through hole via formation or Through Package Via (TPV) in combination with the ability to handle of thin glass materials have already been demonstrated in combination with “polymer on glass” technologies at Georgia Tech Packaging Research Center and by industrial partners. However there is an increasing industry demand to plate electroless copper directly onto smooth glass substrates which is extremely challenging. This is being driven by the desire to be able to benefit from the ability to utilize existing infrastructure and therefore fully benefit from the cost advantages wet-chemical metallization can offer in the manufacturing of glass interposers. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate replacing adhesion promoting techniques such as sputtered metal seed layers or laminated polymer fil...
Discovery and Characterization of Cancer Genetic Susceptibility Alleles

Abstract • The discovery of cancer susceptibility regions across the genome provides opportunities to understand defining events in tumor development, specifically identifying cellular pathways that contribute to the complex development of cancer. • Regions of the genome harboring susceptibility alleles and genes can be identified in families or unrelated populations by using association studies, next-generation sequencing, and linkage studies. • Technologic advances in sequence analysis in concert with comprehensive annotation of genetic variation across the human genome continue to accelerate the pace of discovery and characterization of cancer susceptibility alleles. The conclusive identification of a gene or a regulatory region contributes to an understanding of defining events in tumor development. • The spectrum of cancer susceptibility alleles includes mutations in genes that are highly penetrant, which indicates that individuals born with a mutant allele have a high probability of developing cancer; moderately penetrant mutations, which confer an increase in probability; and common variants, which impart a small risk for cancer. • Both association studies and family-based studies require accurate collection of clinical data by clinicians, and both represent an important pillar for precision medicine and precision prevention. An improved understanding of molecular aspects of cancer and specifically the use of biomarkers such as susceptibility alleles can inform clinical and public health decisions.
Cues for Better Writing: Empirical Assessment of a Word Counter and Cueing Application's Effectiveness.

Written clarity and conciseness are desired by employers and emphasized in business communication courses. We developed and tested the efficacy of a cueing tool—Scribe Bene—to help students reduce their use of imprecise and ambiguous words and wordy phrases. Effectiveness was measured by comparing cue word usage between a treatment group given the tool and a control group without the tool. In written assignments, the treatment group used 16 of 23 cue words significantly less than the control group and this effect persisted over time. Implications for using automated cueing tools in teaching written communication skills are discussed.
Thumb II Site Inhibitor Allosterically Suppresses the Dynamics of HCV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase

Hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ns5B polymerase) is a major target of drug development in the search for an effective treatment of hepatitis C. Various nucleoside analogs (NA) and allosteric non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNI) have been shown to bind ns5B polymerase and inhibit the replication of HCV. NNIs have been classified based on the drug binding site as observed by crystallography (Thumb I, Thumb II, Palm III, and Palm IV). However, the inherent variability of HCV and the rapid emergence of resistance mutations have highlighted the need for a better understanding of the mechanism of inhibition of NNIs at a molecular level. For that purpose, we have used Hydrogen-Deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry to characterize the dynamics of ns5B polymerase in the presence and absence of an allosteric thumb II site NNI. As expected, we have determined that inhibitor binding to ns5B polymerase causes a significant loss of exchange at the binding site and in regions directly adjacent. Furthermore, we have observed that large regions of ns5B which are distant from the drug binding site display a significant loss in protein dynamics as detected by HD exchange. The observed network of allosterically suppressed dynamics encompasses the fingers, fingers extensions, thumb, C-terminal tail and beta-loop regions which have all been implicated in one of the multiple steps of the reaction cycle (de novo initiation, transition to elongation and processive elongation).
THE REGULATION OF TRH AND SEROTONIN RECEPTORS: CHRONIC TRH AND ANALOG ADMINISTRATION IN THE RAT

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and serotonin (5-HT) are co-transmitters in spinal and medullary neurons. To study the functional significance of this relationship and the regulation of TRH receptors, we chronically administered TRH and analogs MK-771 and CG-3509 to rats at a dose which evoked behavioral abnormalities. TRH reduced specific binding at spinal (24%) and hypothalamic (31%) TRH receptors and decreased TRH stimulated motor behaviors, such as rearing and cage crossing (locomotion). 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors were unaffected except for an 11% increase in specific binding at spinal 5-HT1 sites. 5-HT and NE concentrations measured by HPLC were not altered in brainstem or hippocampus. In contrast, spinal TRH receptor specific binding increased 11% in rats treated intracisternally with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, but the effect was not significant. In competition studies in vitro, MK-771, TRH, and CG-3509 had no activity at 5-HT2 receptors in neocortex, brainstem, or spinal cord, and little activity at 5-HT1 sites (IC 50s greater than 100 uM). A mixed competitive and non-competitive binding profile at 5-HT1 sites resulted in the presence of 100 uM TRH. Conversely, 5-HT agonists had minimal effect at TRH receptors in spinal cord. These data suggest reciprocal or independent regulation of 5-HT1 and TRH receptors in co-transmitter and non-cotransmitter regions, respectively, in response to chronic TRH administration.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECT OF DIESEL DILUTION ON FLOWABILITY AND WAX PRECIPITATION PROCESS OF CRUDE OIL

Taking Linyuan crude oil of Daqing oilfield and the diluted 0# diesel as the research object,the rheological behavior,freezing point,static yield stress and wax precipitation process of the crude oil diluted with 10%,20% and 50% diesel at 65℃ and / or 50℃ are measured and analyzed by using a HAAKE RS600 Rheometer and XP-300C Image Analysis System,and the dynamic viscosity-temperature characteristics at 15s-1 during the temperature dropping and the wax crystal microstructure at the final testing temperature of 20℃ are also evaluated.The numbers and symmetry of wax crystal particles are analyzed by using Ncmivnt software.A method for the symmetry of the crystal particles characterized by the ratio of the average of their short-axis length to that of their long at the same visual field is presented.The experimental results indicate that the wax appearance point and precipitation peak temperature of Linyuan crude oil with and without dilution is 50～45℃ and 40～30℃ respectively;the wax precipitation process and behavior of the diluted crude can not be changed by the diesel treatment,the more the added diesel is and / or the higher the temperature is,the fewer the number of the wax crystals is,and the higher their symmetry is and the lower their dispersion extent is,therefore,the better the improvement of the low-temperature flowability for the treated crude is.All of these provide a basis for the further investigation to the synergetic effect between PPD and the diluent.
Freezing characteristics of genetically modified lymphocytes for the treatment of MPS II.

The freezing characteristics of genetically modified lymphocytes obtained from a donor with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) were determined using cryomicroscopy and controlled rate freezing ...
Assessing a Law School's Program of Legal Education to Comply with the American Bar Association's Revised Standards and Maximize Student Attainment of Core Lawyering Competencies

The American Bar Association is now requiring all law schools to monitor and evaluate the efficacy of their programs of legal education. This includes, but is not limited to, a mandate that: (1) law schools adopt and publish learning outcomes (ABA Revised Standard 302); (2) utilize formative and summative assessments throughout the curriculum, coupled with individualized feedback (ABA Revised Standard 314); and (3) comprehensively assess the effectiveness of the curriculum in producing graduates with competency-based skills, which includes a requirement that law schools measure, or quantify, the extent to which students are attaining a law school’s published learning outcomes (Standard 315). In short, law schools can no longer rely on an end-of-the semester examination to assess student learning, or simply cite high bar pass rates as evidence of a program’s effectiveness. Low bar pass rates, however, or a curriculum that fails to rigorously prepare students for the practice of law, will likely — and rightfully — result in remedial action. These developments demonstrate that the ABA is beginning to hold law schools accountable for questionable admissions practices, and for legal training that, in the eyes of many, fails to prepare students for law practice. To put it mildly, this development is long overdue.Of course, as the old paradigm of legal education is replaced with an accountability-based framework, many questions — and likely confusion — will invariably arise. What procedures are law schools expected to adopt when assessing their program of legal education? What types of formative and summative assessments will be effective in maximizing students’ achievement of core lawyering competencies? What is the best manner in which to evaluate the utility of a law school’s formative and summative assessments? How does one accurately measure, or quantify, student learning? This article answers these questions by setting forth a detailed roadmap that will enable law schools to effectively — and efficiently — monitor their program of legal education, enhance student learning, and provide students with training that bridges the divide between law school and the legal profession. In so doing, it provides a blueprint for laws schools that will ensure compliance with the ABA’s Revised Standards, and that will enable law schools to maximize institutional effectiveness.
Method to Determine the Root Cause of Low- $\kappa$ SiCOH Dielectric Failure Distributions

Low- $\kappa $ SiCOH reliability is a growing concern for integrated circuit reliability. An important consideration for product qualification involves the accurate extrapolation to the low percentile failures based on the results from a group of samples. A method is presented to determine the root cause of failure distributions amongst a group of dielectric samples using voltage ramp data. Samples’ leakage current traces and breakdown voltages are compared with each other. Using this method, it was determined that the dielectric spacing variation dominates across-wafer failure, while variation of local breakdown strength affects in-chip failure.
Writing History, Trauma, and the (Dis/Re) Appearance of the Body in Cutrufelli’s La briganta

In “Writing Trauma, History, and the (Dis/Re)Appearance of the Body in Cutrufelli’s La briganta,” Sandra Waters contemplates the ways in which Cutrufelli’s novel uses elements of the conventional (male) historical novel, but more importantly extends its focus to consider how history is constructed and remembered. She thus pays particular attention to how the female subject relates to it. Waters concludes that the heroine’s first-person recounting of the series of traumatic experiences she undergoes as a woman within the context of Sicilian brigandage and the Risorgimento exposes how she transgresses her society’s rigid gender roles to achieve self-actualization.
Efficacy of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Polycythemia Vera.

The seminal discovery of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, has revolutionized the therapy of a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Polycythemia vera (PV) is also a clonal myeloproliferative disorder due to an acquired mutation of hematopoietic stem cells. The majority of PV patients have a somatic mutation of the Janus 2 tyrosine kinase (JAK2 V617F). This provides an excellent clinical opportunity for development of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We studied the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in PV and showed a limited effect of imatinib in vitro and in vivo (Gaikwad et al, Blood 106: 2601, 2005). Here, we report on the effect of two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, AEE788 and AMN107 (Novartis Pharma) on PV. AEE788 causes growth arrest and apoptosis via inhibition of multiple receptor kinases, including EGFR, HER-2 and VEGFR, which are known to stimulate tumor cell growth and angiogenesis. AMN107 targets Bcr-Abl, KIT, and PDGFR and has potent activity (30 times) even against mutated Bcr-Abl variants that are resistant to imatinib. We used mouse FDCP reporter cells expressing either the wild-type JAK2 (JAK2 cells) or the mutant JAK2 V617F protein (V617F cells) to examine the growth inhibitory activity of these drugs. AEE788 specifically inhibited the growth of V617F cells at an IC50 of 1μM with no effect on wild type JAK2 cells. We also tested the effect of AEE788 on human erythroleukemic cells (HEL) that carry the JAK2 V617F mutation. AEE788 markedly inhibited the growth of HEL cells with an IC50 ~0.8μM. In contrast, AMN107 showed only marginal growth inhibition on V617F cells (IC50 of 12μM) and on HEL cells (IC50 of 8μM). The effect of AMN107 was similar to imatinib activity, wherein only high concentrations of imatinib (IC50 of 5μM) would inhibit the V617F cells, in contrast to imatinib's known growth inhibitory effect at lower concentrations on the Bcr-Abl carrying cells (Sun X et al Blood 97, 2008Sun X et al Blood 97, 2001). This data suggest that the tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target Bcr-Abl kinase may not be suitable for treating PV. We then tested the combination of AMN107 and AEE788 but did not observe synergistic effect at varying concentrations on reporter cells. The potent activity of AEE788 on JAK2 V617F suggests that AEE788 may act on unique target(s). We observed a decrease in Heat Shock Protein70 (HSP70) upon AEE788 treatment in HEL cells. Elevated levels of HSP70 are associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis (Creagh EM et al, Leukemia 14: 1161, 2000). Down-regulation of HSP70 by anti-sense (Nylandsted et al, PNAS 97:7871, 2000) and other interventions (Gaikwad A et al, Clin. Cancer Res 11: 1953Gaikwad A et al, Clin. Cancer Res 11: 2005) show the ability to overcome apoptotic resistance. Furthermore, AEE788 showed a specific inhibitory effect on native PV cells when we used in vitro expanded erythroid progenitors from PV patients. These treated PV expanded cells also showed down-regulation of HSP70. We conclude that AEE788 should be explored for the therapeutic trials of PV.
The Social Life of Health Behaviors: The Political Economy and Cultural Context of Health Practices

Relocating health behaviors within a political-economic framework, this article utilizes health behavior and health insurance governance perspectives to showcase the complexities of cultural and economic factors (e.g., job lock, wage differentials, social location, and health insurance status) that influence choices in efforts to mitigate the financial burden of health risk. By exploring the financial links to health behaviors that emerged through ethnographic participant observation and semistructured interviews with community and union members of the United Steelworkers and Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Union in a metropolitan Central Appalachian community in 2007–8, this article argues for expanding the health behaviors concept to include a broader array of actions individuals and families take to better their health and well-being in the context of neoliberal shifting of risk management to individuals through increased consumer market-based cost-sharing health insurance disincentives. In so doing, this article argues for the importance of social and political-economic context in health behaviors and in evaluating health policy, including the Affordable Care Act.
Neuropsychological Evaluation of Children and Adolescents with Psychopathological Disorders

Clinical observations and research reports strongly suggest that brain impairment is at least a contributing factor in the functional and behavioral difficulties displayed by many children and adolescents with psychopathological disorders (e.g., Hertzig & Birch, 1968; Seidel, Chadwick, & Rutter, 1975; Tramontana, Sherrets, & Golden, 1980). Apart from any direct relationship between brain impairment and pscyhopathology, its presence during childhood or adolescence appears to place the affected youngster at particularly high risk for developing emotional and behavioral difficulties, far more so than with other physical handicaps (Seidel et al., 1975).
"Mourning With the Morning Bell": An Examination of Secondary Educators' Attitudes and Experiences in Managing the Discourse of Death in the Classroom.

A plethora of research exists about death and dying, particularly with regard to the prescriptive strategy on how teachers should address death in their classrooms. However, there is a gap in the l...
Effects of pH on cell growth, lipid production and CO2 addition of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana

Abstract Microalgae have emerged as one of the most promising alternative energy feedstocks. Some advantages include the simple cellular structure, short production cycle, high lipid content, and fast growth. However, high production costs due to high CO2 usage and low lipid productivity have been some of the major challenges impeding the commercial production of algal biodiesel. Here, cell growth and lipid content of Chlorella sorokiniana DOE1412 were first evaluated at different pH in flask cultivation. Culture pH was manipulated by CO2 addition. The optimal pH for DOE1412 is approximately 6.0 when only accounting for cell growth and lipid production and not considering the CO2 efficiency. A flat panel airlift photobioreactor (PBR) was used for scale-up cultivation at five different pH levels (6.5, 7, 7.5, 8 and 8.5). Data of pH values and CO2 addition was collected by a data logger. Biomass productivity increased with decreasing pH. By taking into account not only the cell growth and lipid production but also CO2 addition, the lowest value of CO2 addition was achieved at pH 8 (2.01 g CO2/g biomass). The fatty acid profiles and biodiesel properties, such as iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV), cetane number (CN), degree of unsaturation (DU), long-chain saturated factor (LCSF), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP), were determined as a function of pH. CN of biodiesel produced at pH 6.5, 7 and 7.5 satisfied the US standard ASTM D6751; among them, the pH 6.5 products met the European standard EN 14214. Finally, protein content in microalgal biomass increased with increasing pH, while C/N ratio in cells decreased.
Hand Surgery in the Ambulatory Surgery Center

Outpatient surgery, especially in free-standing ambulatory surgery centers (ASC), provides a safe, cost-effective option for a variety of surgical procedures and has become the preferred choice over inpatient and hospital-based outpatient surgery for most hand and wrist procedures. Complication rates after ASC hand surgery are low (0.2%-2.5%). Patient dissatisfaction with ASC surgery is primarily associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting and inadequate pain control.
Abstract P188: Differences in Statin Utilization for Persons Living With HIV (PLWH) and Uninfected Controls in the HIV Electronic Comprehensive Cohort of CVD Complications (HIVE-4CVD)

Background: Real-world clinical data on statin use and intensity among PLWH are sparse. We hypothesized that significant differences exist regarding statin utilization and dosing as well as on-statin total cholesterol (TC) lowering for PLWH compared with uninfected controls. Methods: HIVE-4CVD is an electronic data repository of 5,041 PLWH and 10,082 uninfected controls frequency matched on age, sex, race, zip code, and clinic location receiving care at Northwestern Medicine from 1/1/2000 to 5/17/2017. Medication administration records, prescription data, and validated natural language extraction algorithms were used to extract statin utilization information. Statins were categorized by generic name and intensity (high, moderate, and low). Lipid values were analyzed and categorized as before or after statin initiation. We compared statin utilization for PLWH vs. controls and used multivariable-adjusted regression models to compare changes in TC levels after statin initiation for PLWH vs. controls. Results: Among people on statins, PLWH were more likely than controls to have ever taken pravastatin (34.8% vs. 12.3%, p Conclusions: Significant differences exist in type and intensity of statin utilized for PLWH compared with uninfected controls. Studies of patient and provider knowledge and preferences are needed to understand reasons underlying these differences.
Extraction of Plutonium from Uranium-Plutonium Alloy with Uranium Trichloride

The reaction UCl3 + Pu ⇋ PuCl3 + U was examined by measurement of the redistribution of plutonium after equilibration of molten uranium alloys containing 0.2 to 4.2% Pu with UCl3 diluted with CaCl2...