cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Familial incidence of urinary incontinence

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether urinary incontinence is more common in family members of women with incontinence compared with continent individuals. Study Design: Women who were examined at 2 different outpatient facilities over a 2-year period received a questionnaire that covered social, behavioral, and medical issues. They were also asked whether they had a family member who complained of urinary incontinence and, if so, the degree of the relationship. Subjects were excluded for the following reasons: not mentally competent, difficulty understanding the written English language, and a history of bladder cancer or of acquired or congenital neuropathy. Statistical analyses were conducted with chi-squared tests for differences between groups; a probability of Results: A total of 833 women received the questionnaire; 667 women answered the question about urinary incontinence in family members. These 667 women were divided into 3 groups: group I, 441 incontinent women from the first facility; group II, 112 continent women from the first facility; and group III, 114 continent women from the second facility. Women with at least 1 relative with urinary incontinence were 34.9% in group I, 16.1% in group II, and 5.3% in group III. This difference was statistically significant. In a comparison of group I and group II, the odds that an incontinent woman had at least 1 relative with incontinence were 2.6 times higher (95% CI, 1.50-4.48); comparing group I and group III, the odds were 9.6 times higher (95% CI, 4.17-22.25). Conclusion: In our study population, women with urinary incontinence were more likely to have at least 1 family member also with incontinence when compared with women who were continent. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:53-5.)
Persuasion, patriotism and PR: US advertising in the Second World War

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to explore how the (War) Advertising Council organized the advertising community to assist the US government's home front campaigns during the Second World War. It aims to discuss how the council urged individual advertisers to use their product‐ads to instruct the civilian population about behavioral changes that the government deemed essential to the war effort. The task required great ambidexterity: paying a high level of attention to the government's wartime needs while coaching and encouraging advertisers into compliance. As such, the article also aims to discuss the council's challenge in weighing the government's wartime needs against commercial pressures. A case study of the Advertising Council's 1944 campaign to “Stamp out VD” seeks to illustrate the latter concern.Design/methodology/approach – The article comprises an historical account of the US advertising industry during the Second World War. Applying a qualitative approach, it relies on archival sourc...
A molecular view of trypsin synthesis in the midgut of Aedes aegypti.

Ingestion of a blood meal induces two phases of trypsin synthesis in the midgut of Aedes aegypti females. The first phase, which encompasses the first 4-6 hours following a blood meal, is characterized by the presence of small amounts of early trypsin. The second phase, which occurs between 8 and 36 hours after blood feeding, is characterized by the presence of large amounts of late trypsin. A specific form of regulation of trypsin synthesis characterizes each phase: early trypsin synthesis is regulated at the translational level, while late trypsin synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level.The enzymatic activity of early trypsin plays a unique and critical role in the regulation of late trypsin synthesis. Early trypsin acts like a "sensor". It carries out limited proteolysis of the ingested proteins and, somehow, the products of this limited proteolysis induce synthesis of late trypsin, which is the protease responsible for the majority of the endoproteolytic cleavage of the meal proteins.Transcription of the early trypsin gene starts a few hours after adult emergence and is under control of juvenile hormone. However, the early trypsin mRNA is stored in the midgut epithelium and remains untranslated until a blood meal is taken. The exact mechanism responsible for initiating translation is presently unknown, but an increase in the size of the amino acid pool in the midgut is sufficient to activate translation of early trypsin mRNA.The transcription of the late trypsin gene is regulated by uncharacterized proteolysis products generated by the action of early trypsin on the blood meal proteins. Once transcription has been activated, the rate of transcription of the late trypsin gene is proportional to the amount of protein present in the meal. In addition, the amount of late trypsin protein translation is controlled by the amount of amino acid released during digestion. Regulation at both transcriptional and translational levels allows the midgut to adjust the amount of late trypsin with remarkable flexibility in response to a particular meal.
Automatic partitioning and virtual scheduling for efficient parallel execution

The research of this report gives a method for automatic determination and scheduling of parallel modules from an existing sequential computation.In compiling a sequential program for execution on a multiprocessor system, there are four major problems to be solved: [26]1. Analyzing the data dependences and control dependences in the program.2. Identifying parallelism in the program.3. Partitioning the program into grains of sequential tasks.4. Scheduling the tasks on processors.The work of this paper addresses the last three problems. The automatic dependence analysis, the phase that detects where parallelism is constrained, has been studied extensively, and there exist a number of tools (e.g. PAT[3], PTOOL[2], Parafrase[21], Faust[19] and PTRAN[1]) that create data flow and control flow graphs from sequential code. A directed graph is typically used to model the dependence relation. Usually, a node of the graph G = (N,E) represents an operation such as a statement or block of statements, and an edge (u,v) represents the dependence of v on u, forcing the execution of u before v. For both data and control dependence, the key is to represent only essential dependence constraints as edges. This paper assumes that a dependence graph exists and discusses a method for performing the last three tasks on the dependence graph. The technique decomposes the data flow graph into grains of the appropriate size for any underlying homogeneous multiprocessor architecture, determines which grains should be executed in parallel and which must be executed sequentially, and schedules those grains onto processors.
Wireless access considerations for the MobilityFirst future Internet architecture

This paper presents an overview of wireless access considerations behind the design of the MobilityFirst clean-slate future Internet architecture. The MobilityFirst architecture is motivated by a historic shift of the Internet from the fixed host-server model to one in which access from mobile platforms becomes the norm. This implies the need for a future Internet architecture designed to handle the special needs of mobile/wireless access efficiently and at large scale. A number of key wireless access network requirements including user/network mobility, varying wireless link quality and disconnection, multi-homing, ad hoc networking, flexible autonomous system boundaries and spectrum coordination are identified along with a brief discussion of the implications for protocol design. This is followed by a summary of the MobilityFirst protocol stack based on separation of names and locators, global name resolution service (GNRS), storage-aware routing with hop-by-hop transport, integrated spectrum management, along with an enhanced edge-aware interdomain routing framework. Selected results from ongoing protocol design and evaluation work are given for key components such as the GNRS, storage-aware routing and spectrum coordination protocol.
Neuromuscular stimulation selectivity of multiple-contact nerve cuff electrode arrays.

The feasibility of an electrical stimulation method selectively for activating skeletal muscles innervated by a common peripheral nerve trunk has been investigated. The method utilises ‘snugly’ fitting nerve cuffs that incorporate an array of 12 electrodes. These electrodes have been tested as four longitudinally aligned tripoles (located 90° apart on the cuff inner surface). In acute experiments on rabbit sciatic nerves, we have found that tripolar stimulation with this implant system is in general highly selective. ‘Field steering’, wherein a subthreshold transverse current is used in combination with a longitudinal tripolar current, tends to increase the selectivity of stimulation. On a rabbit sciatic nerve, a combination of adjacent longitudinal tripoles of the 12 electrode array generally yields a stimulation performance similar to that which would be expected if a 24 electrode array is used. This system may find a use in functional neuromuscular stimulation applications which require highly selective control over multiple muscles.
Effects of nutritional history on the subsequent and overall growth performance and carcass traits of pigs

Sixty-four crossbred pigs were used to investigate the effects of starter (S; simple or complex), grower (G; 0.423 or 0.765 g lysine/MJ DE) and finisher (F) diets (0.423 or 0.612 g lysine/MJ DE) on the subsequent and overall growth performance and carcass traits. Average initial weights were 6.8, 22.4 and 50.5 kg for the S, G and F phases, respectively. Pigs offered the complex starter diet grew faster (P < 0.01) and more efficiently (P < 0.05) than those offered the simple starter diet. The S diet, however, had no effect on weight gain of pigs in the subsequent phases. During the G phase, pigs offered the high-amino acid diet grew faster (P = 0.09), and had lower ultrasound backfat thickness (P < 0.001) than those offered the low-amino acid diet. During the F phase, however, pigs offered the low-amino acid diet during the G phase grew faster (P < 0.05) and more efficiently (P = 0.09) than those offered the high-amino acid diet. Because of this turnaround, there was no difference in the overall performance of pigs during the G-F phase. Similarly, the G diet had no clear effects on final carcass traits or lean accretion. The results indicate that formulating diets to promote optimum performance of starter pigs can be justified. In contrast, grower pigs can be offered diets that are marginally deficient in amino acids without adversely affecting overall growth rate or final carcass traits.
On the K-Property of Some Planar Hyperbolic Billiards

TheK-property is demonstrated for a class of planar billiards satisfying Wojtkowski's principles. Their boundary may consist of convex-scattering, concave and linear pieces. Earlier Wojtkowski showed that these billards had non-zero Lyapunov exponents.
Trends In U.S. Hazardous Materials Transportation Spills

This paper examines historical and spatial trends in hazardous materials transportation spills from 1971 to 1991. While the number of spills Inc.reased steadily during the 1970s, peaking in 1978–1979, there has been a decline in frequency sInc.e then largely due to modifications in reporting. Monetary damages have the opposite temporal pattern, with major Inc.reases recorded from 1982 onward. Death and injury statistics are more variable. Spatially, accidents are more prevalent in the Rust Belt extending from the Northeast corridor westward to the Great Lakes states, as well as in the Southeast. The greatest potential risk to the public is found in smaller, more densely populated industrial states such as New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. The spatial distribution, however, has not changed. Potential risk sources (e.g., chemical industry, number of hazardous waste facilities, number of railroad miles) are the best predictors of hazmat Inc.ident frequency. Mitigation efforts (statewide regulatory and/or m...
A Regulatory Perspective on Issues and Approaches in Characterizing Human Metabolites

This document captures the current thinking within FDA/CDER on the non-clinical safety assessment of human drug metabolites in new drug products. Examples are provided, which define a scientific based approach to the safety evaluation of human metabolites in new drug candidates. A discussion of the need for, and the adequacy of, the assessment of human drug metabolites with specific regard to their potential as mediators of toxicity is presented from a regulatory perspective.
Particularism and the Spatial Location of Events

According to the Particularist Theory of Events, events are real things that have a spatiotemporal location. I argue that some events do not have a spatial location in the sense required by the theory. These events are ordinary, nonmental events like Smith’s investigating the murder and Carol’s putting her coat on the chair. I discuss the significance of these counterexamples for the theory.
The Petrie Block Task: a modification.

This paper reports the comparison of a 10-min. versus 45-min. waiting period on the Petrie Block Task to remove previous effects of stimulation and to elicit an aftereffect. For 51 university under...
Comprehensive Monte Carlo calculations of AAPM Task Group Report No. 43 dosimetry parameters for the Model 3500 I-Plant 125I brachytherapy source.

Abstract The Model 3500 I-Plant 125I brachytherapy source, produced by Implant Sciences Corporation, is created through a novel technique which utilizes ion implantation of 124Xe into a ceramic matrix followed by neutron activation of the substrate. Clinical dosimetry parameters were calculated using MCNP. For data processing, a 0.376 cm active length was used for the geometry function. The 2-D anisotropy function, F(r,θ), exhibited less anisotropy than the Amersham Health Model 6711 source, and decreased as radial distance, r, increased. The anisotropy constant, φ an , was 0.933; dose rate constant, Λ, was 1.017±0.005 cGy/h/U; and radial dose function, g(r), for r={0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 2, 5, 10 cm} was 0.990, 1.014, 1.030, 0.872, 0.448, and 0.114, respectively. In general, there was good agreement with experimental results recently obtained by others using thermoluminescent dosimeters.
Practicing health-system pharmacy around the clock

Cobaugh and Schneider,[1][1] in expressing the need for clinical pharmacists to practice in our nation’s emergency departments (EDs), noted that emergency pharmaceutical care is a 24–7 responsibility. However, if every ED had an integrated emergency pharmacist on its patient care team, the
Spray-dried microparticles: a potential vehicle for oral delivery of vaccines

This study aims to formulate a microparticle-based system that protects the protein from the harsh gastric conditions and also provides appropriate uptake via M cells for desired immune response upon oral administration. The formulation was derived using a valid statistical model, analysed by JMP® (SAS). The average size and charge of the resulting microparticles were 1.51 ± 0.125 µm and + 15.7 ± 2.5 mV, respectively. Moreover, the particles provided a prolonged release over a period of 8 hrs which ensures M-cell uptake of intact particle with antigen (Kunisawa et al., 2011). This was further supported with in vivo studies where particle uptake was found in Peyer's patches of small intestine when observed for 8 h. Thus, these microparticles can be used as an efficient vaccine delivery vehicle upon oral administration.
Yield enhancement using recommended ground rules

Recent years have seen interest in design for manufacturability (DFM) blossom in response to rapidly increasing technology and design complexity. Many semiconductor manufacturers have focused their efforts on productivity and, more specifically, yield. One yield enhancement technique is deployment of recommended ground rules (GRs), where the technology design manual advocates compliance with a number of "backed-off" GRs whenever practical to avoid difficult technology minimums. On the surface, this appears to be a common sense idea; however, in practice, actual exploitation of this DFM initiative in a product design poses many difficult questions. Ultimately, the designer must understand all trade-offs associated with the backed-off GRs to determine whether a productivity or reliability gain was realized. Attempting to understand specifically which set of recommended GRs to abide by (and where) further complicates the decision-making process. Identifying and defining recommended GRs is a significant challenge to process development engineering, since the chip design cycles often begin long before reliable manufacturing yield and performance data is available. This paper discusses these challenges, offers possible solutions, and illustrates with examples from the IBM Server Group's chips. These solutions include the use of sophisticated analysis and design checking tools to quantify the many alternatives. For example, the value of compliance with one GR might be weighed against the value of compliance with other, sometimes conflicting, rules, as well as performance, productivity, and other economic objectives. Therefore, an understanding of what physical or electrical problem the recommended GR is guarding against is necessary. The development picture of how these recommended GRs are determined is also explored, along with how final layouts are graded, and these concepts are tied together into a recommended business process.
Sample dependence correction for order selection in fMRI analysis

Multivariate analysis methods such as independent component analysis (ICA) have been applied to the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to study the brain function. The selection of the proper number of signals of interest is an important step in the analysis to reduce the risk of over/underfilling. The inherent sample dependence in the spatial or temporal dimension of the fMRI data violates the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) samples and limits the usefulness of the practical formulations of information-theoretic order selection criteria. We propose a novel method using an entropy rate matching principle to mitigate the effects of such sample dependence in order selection. We perform order selection experiments on the simulated fMRI data and show that the incorporation of the proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of the order selection by different criteria. We also use the proposed method to estimate the number of latent sources in fMRI data acquired from multiple subjects performing a visuomotor paradigm. We show that the proposed method improves the order selection by alleviating the over-estimation due to the intrinsic smoothness and the effect of smooth preprocessing on the fMRI data.
Stresses in Glass‐Metal Seals: I, The Cylindrical Seal

A consideration of the effects of viscous flow during cooling of a beaded wire seal following annealing treatment leads to a refinement of the theory of Hull and Burger. With the corrections provided, excellent correlation is obtained with experimental stress measurements. Cylindrical seals with metal as the external member are also considered. It is shown that the expansion necessary for the best match depends on the geometry of the seal. In general, metal-glass seals should be annealed at a temperature above that used for the glass alone.
Wet Etching of Bulk AlN Crystals

AlN bulk crystals of different crystallographic orientations were etched in aqueous KOH solution (general etchant) and molten KOH/NaOH eutectic alloy (defect selective etchant). In the general etchant, the aluminum polar surface (0001) was found to be stable while the nitrogen polar (0001) surface and non-polar m-plane (1010) surfaces showed significant etching. Etch patterns on nitrogen polar surfaces consisted of complete coverage of hexagonal pyramids while the m-plane surfaces were etched in a layer-by-layer mode. TEM studies revealed that the observed etch hillocks on nitrogen polar surfaces were not associated with extended structural defects. When etched in a defect-selective etchant, the aluminum polar surface showed well-defined hexagonal etch pits, with an etch pit density (EPD) of 2×104 cm−2. The nitrogen polar surfaces and m-plane surfaces showed etch features similar to the one obtained during general etching, however, the etch feature density was significantly lower. The etch mechanisms, etch kinetics, as well as the correlation between the observed etch features and structural defects in bulk crystals will be discussed.
Fast ray tracing procedure using space division with uniform rectangular grid

A fast ray tracing procedure using space division is presented with the assumption that the reflection/transmission surfaces exactly coincide with the grid lines. Cleary's algorithm is used for the fast space traversing of a ray. The CPU time for the proposed method is approximately 14% of that of the visibility procedures.
Observations and modeling of debris and shrapnel impacts on optics and diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility

A wide range of targets with laser energies spanning two orders of magnitude have been shot at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) targets are cryogenic with Si supports and cooling rings attached to an Al Thermo-Mechanical Package (TMP) with a thin (30 micron) Au hohlraum inside. Particular attention is placed on the low-energy shots where the TMP is not completely vaporized. In addition to NIC targets, a range of other targets has also been fielded on NIF. For all targets, simulations play a critical role in determining if the risks associated with debris and shrapnel are acceptable. In a number of cases, experiments were redesigned, based on simulations, to reduce risks or to obtain data. The majority of these simulations were done using the ALE-AMR code, which provides efficient late-time (100 – 1000 X the pulse duration) 3 D calculations of complex NIF targets.
Hydrolysis of Synthetic Esters by the Antibacterial Agent in Serum

Yotis, William W. (Loyola University, Chicago, Ill.). Hydrolysis of synthetic esters by the antibacterial agent in serum. J. Bacteriol. 91: 488–493. 1966.—An antistaphylococcal serum agent was assayed colorimetrically, manometrically, and titrimetrically for esterase activity. p -Nitrophenol acetate, triacetin, l-lysine methyl and ethyl ester, and norleucine methyl ester were hydrolyzed by the antistaphylococcal agent. Acetylcholine and benzoylcholine esters, triolein, tristearin, and p -tosylarginine methyl ester were not attacked by this agent. With p -nitrophenol acetate as substrate, optimal activity occurred at p H 7.4. Incubation at 60 C for 30 min reduced drastically the esterase activity of the antistaphylococcal agent, and incubation at 75 C for 30 min abolished the esterase activity of this agent. Almost complete inhibition of esterase activity was observed with 0.001 m HgCl 2 , ZnSO 4 , and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). EDTA inhibition could be reversed by the addition of CaCl 2 , but not MgCl 2 . Cysteine reversed the inhibition of HgCl 2 . NaF, atoxyl, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, quinine, and physostigmine did not influence the esterase activity of the antibacterial agent. The demonstration of esterase activity of both the antistaphylococcal agent and coagulase may shed further light on the reported ability of coagulase to neutralize the antistaphylococcal activity of this agent, or the prevention of absorption of the agent on the staphylococcal cell surface. In addition, the colorimetric procedure described in this report may be a convenient tool in assaying the potency of the antistaphylococcal agent. Images
A screening experiment based statistical design system for MOS VLSI circuits

A screening-experiment-based system for performance variability optimization of MOS VLSI circuits is described. It uses orthogonal-array-based design of experiments to explore the effects of circuit parameters on circuit outputs. The system can help designers to identify parameters critical to variability minimization, redesign the circuit transistor sizes so that variability is reduced, and select the tuning parameters. Two variability measures are considered, namely, performance standard deviation and a worst-case performance measure. Three screening modes are provided for a variety of applications. The system efficiency is demonstrated for a practical DRAM CMOS circuit. >
FEMTOSECOND PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY : COHERENT BOND FORMATION

Abstract The method femtosecond photoassociation spectroscopy (FPAS) is introduced and we report on its application to the study of the reaction Hg+ Hg + h ν → Hg 2 . Our results demonstrate coherent bond formation obtained in the femtosecond time scale from free unbound reactants. The product Hg 2 is formed in the D1 u state and shows a high degree of rotational anisotropy induced by the polarization of the binding femtosecond pulse.
Murine γδ T Lymphocytes Elicited during Plasmodium yoelii Infection Respond to Plasmodium Heat Shock Proteins

γδ T cells accumulate during Plasmodium infections in both murine and human malarias. The biological role of these cells and the antigens that they recognize are not clearly understood, although recent findings indicate that γδ T cells in general influence both innate and antigen-specific adaptive host responses. We examined the accumulation of γδ T cells elicited during infection with virulent and avirulent Plasmodium yoelii parasites in relatively susceptible and resistant strains of mice. Our results indicated that in nonlethal malaria infections, γδ T cells comprise a larger proportion of splenic T cells than in lethal infections and that only a live infection is capable of inducing an increase in the percentage of γδ T cells in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that γδ T cells elicited during a P. yoelii infection respond by proliferation in vitro to P. falciparum heat shock proteins (HSPs) of 60 and 70 kDa, suggesting a possible immunological involvement of parasite HSPs in this arm of the cellular immune response during malarial infection in mice.
Fixed point simulation design using q-Markov covariance equivalent realizations

This paper produces all linear state space models which match a prespecified set of input/output cross-correlation and output autocorrelation data, when the model is installed in a computational environment with specified bits assigned to the fixed-point simulation. These results allow the design of digital simulations with no error within the specified set of cross-correlation and autocorrelation data.
Dendritic cell-specific disruption of TGF-β receptor II leads to altered regulatory T cell phenotype and spontaneous multiorgan autoimmunity

In vitro data and transgenic mouse models suggest a role for TGF-β signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) to prevent autoimmunity primarily through maintenance of DCs in their immature and tolerogenic state characterized by low expression of MHC class II (MHCII) and costimulatory molecules and increased expression of IDO, among others. To test whether a complete lack of TGF-β signaling in DCs predisposes mice to spontaneous autoimmunity and to verify the mechanisms implicated previously in vitro, we generated conditional knockout (KO) mice with Cre-mediated DC-specific deletion of Tgfbr2 (DC- Tgfbr2 KO). DC- Tgfbr2 KO mice die before 15 wk of age with multiorgan autoimmune inflammation and spontaneous activation of T and B cells. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in the expression of MHCII, costimulatory molecules, or IDO in secondary lymphoid organ DCs, although Tgfbr2 -deficient DCs were more proinflammatory in vitro and in vivo. DC- Tgfbr2 KO showed attenuated Foxp3 expression in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and abnormal expansion of CD25−Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. Tgfbr2 -deficient DCs secreted elevated levels of IFN-γ and were not capable of directing Ag-specific Treg conversion unless in the presence of anti–IFN-γ blocking Ab. Adoptive transfer of induced Tregs into DC- Tgfbr2 KO mice partially rescued the phenotype. Therefore, in vivo, TGF-β signaling in DCs is critical in the control of autoimmunity through both Treg-dependent and -independent mechanisms, but it does not affect MHCII and costimulatory molecule expression.
USING LS-DYNA SIMULATION TO SOLVE A DESIGN PROBLEM: BULLNOSE GUARDRAIL EXAMPLE

A bullnose median barrier was designed and successfully crash tested head-on at 100 km/h with a 2000-kg pickup truck. After a failed pickup truck test, LS-DYNA was used to simulate the failed system, to determine the cause of the failure, and to evaluate a solution to the problem. Subsequent testing substantiated the LS-DYNA predictions. To keep up with the design project deadlines, some features of the simulation model were simplified. For other features, however, great attention to detail was required to make a useful model. Specifically, a considerable amount of effort went into defining the material failure criteria and appropriate mesh density for the guardrail, rolling tires for the truck model, and application of the relatively new cable element in LS-DYNA. The simulation effort is documented to demonstrate how LS-DYNA can be used to solve difficult design problems in roadside safety applications.
Learning at the edge

This article describes the metaphors persons used to describe their experiences within a three year training project in family therapy. Questions were posed of trainees that had asked them to describe their experiences of training as if they represented the title of a book, movie or journal article. Responses reveal how they construct or ‘story’ their experiences from both a first and second-order cybernetic perspective.
ANPEPP Conference: A View from an International Visitor

This paper provides an overview from the perspective of an invited international guest to the 15th Symposium of ANPEPP, held in Bento Goncalves, Brazil, in May, 2014. ANPEPP, the acronym for "Associacao Nacional de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduacao em Psicologia," or the "Brazilian National Association for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Psychology" in English, is comprised of psychology faculty at postgraduate programs throughout Brazil. The theme of internationalization is especially relevant for Brazil, where there has been rapid development in science and technology output, affording it a new, emerging international role. The paper discusses the multiple connotations of internationalization, the goals for internationalization from different perspectives, and the impact of internationalization on psychological research and publishing in Brazil. It also addresses the opportunities and challenges of internationalization in Brazil and elsewhere. In addition, the author shares her experiences in the ANPEPP forum-plenary sessions and business meetings. Of particular note as a first-time attendee is the evaluation process for postgraduate education, conducted by CAPES, the Brazilian Federal Agency for Improvement of Higher Education. In closing, the author asks what psychology, as a discipline, can learn from ANPEPP's and Brazil's approach to developing and evaluating academic disciplines, and expresses appreciation for the opportunity to participate in what she characterizes as a unique convocation.
In vivo evaluation of adeno-associated virus gene transfer in airways of mice with acute or chronic respiratory infection

Abstract Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) often suffer chronic lung infection with concomitant inflammation, a setting that may reduce the efficacy of gene transfer. While gene therapy development for CF often involves viral-based vectors, little is known about gene transfer in the context of an infected airway. In this study, three mouse models were established to evaluate adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer in such an environment. Bordetella bronchiseptica RB50 was used in a chronic, nonlethal respiratory infection in C57BL/6 mice. An inoculum of ∼105 CFU allowed B. bronchiseptica RB50 to persist in the upper and lower respiratory tracts for at least 21 days. In this infection model, administration of an AAV vector on day 2 resulted in 2.8-fold reduction of reporter gene expression compared with that observed in uninfected controls. Postponement of AAV administration to day 14 resulted in an even greater (eightfold) reduction of reporter gene expression, when compared with uninfected controls. ...
Systemic insecticide study on livestock in California, 1967-68. 2. Evaluation of Imidan for cattle grub control.

Comparative evaluation data for grub control are presented chiefly on Imidan® (O,O -dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate) and crufomate and in 1 test only on fenthion and trichlorfon. These animal systemics were tested on 4852 indigenous cattle in 7 regions of northern California. Of this number, 2909 cattle in 5 regions were available for evaluation of grub control. Grub reduction, following pour-on applications, averaged 98.3, 92, and 96.2% with dosages of Imidan at 26, 20, and 13 mg/kg, respectively, and 95.1% with crufomate at 37 mg/kg. Pour-on applications of Imidan (26 mg/kg) gave 100% grub reduction compared to those of 98% with fenthion (7.5 mg/kg) and 94% with trichlorfon (25 mg/kg). Early season spray applications resulted in mean grub reductions of 96.5 and 97.7% for WP and EC formulations of Imidan, respectively. Grub reductions were 99-100% for Imidan and 99% for crufomate following spray applications in I test herd. In late December, lmidan showed poor or no grub reduction from spray applications, but 99-100% emcacy from pour-on treatments. The common cattle grub Hypoderma lineatum (de Villers), was more common than the nonhern cattle grub. H. bovis (L..), during evaluation for grub control and was the only species found in 4 of 13 herds examined. Mild side effects occurred in 22 lmidan-treated calves of 4852 callie tested with various animal systemics. The factor of early seasolt grub treatments was considered important in avoiding a greater incidence of adverse reactions in cattle, since 80% were treated from july through September.
Bioethics, metaphysical involvements, and biomedical practice.

Les differents articles de la revue montrent que la perte bioethique est une occasion d'acquerir une richesse theorique et d'assurer une rentabilite pratique en apportant une exploration metaphysique afin de faire face aux theories bioethiques et a la pratique biomedicale
Reality monitoring in mania and schizophrenia. The association of thought disorder and performance.

Manic (N = 20) and schizophrenic (N = 20) patients, equally divided into thought-disordered (TD) and non-thought-disordered (NTD) subgroups were compared to a normal contrast sample (N = 10) on their reality-monitoring ability (i.e., recognition of the source of presentation of information in their
"I Find Myself at Therapy's Doorstep": Summary and Suggested Readings on Violence in the Lives of Black Women

Abstract This volume used a Black feminist framework to investigate childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and community violence in the lives of African American women. This article will summarize the authors' findings, review their suggestions for intervention, and provide a list of readings and resources.
The Depiction of Drug Use in Television Programming

Complete evaluation of anti-drug abuse campaigns should examine not only the messages created, but the programming content which makes up the information environment for those receiving these messages. A content analysis of one major information source (prime time TV) indicates that drug-relevant information is being disseminated and should be taken into account in planning information strategies. Commercial appeals promoting chemical agent use and programming which largely neglects abuse potentials suggest cautions for the strategy planner and questions for media programmers.
Kinetics of leaf temperature fluctuation affect isoprene emission from red oak (Quercus rubra) leaves

Because the rate of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) emission from plants is highly temperature-dependent, we investigated natural fluctuations in leaf temperature and effects of rapid temperature change on isoprene emission of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves at the top of the canopy at Harvard Forest. Throughout the day, leaves often reached temperatures as much as 15 degrees C above air temperature. The highest temperatures were reached for only a few seconds at a time. We compared isoprene emission rates measured when leaf temperature was changed rapidly with those measured when temperature was changed slowly. In all cases, isoprene emission rate increased with increasing leaf temperature up to about 32 degrees C and then decreased with higher temperatures. The temperature at which isoprene emission rates began to decrease depended on how quickly measurements were made. Isoprene emission rates peaked at 32.5 degrees C when measured hourly, whereas rates peaked at 39 degrees C when measurements were made every four minutes. This behavior reflected the rapid increase in isoprene emission rate that occurred immediately after an increase in leaf temperature, and the subsequent decrease in isoprene emission rate when leaf temperature was held steady for longer than 20 minutes. We concluded that the observed temperature response of isoprene emission rate is a function of measurement protocol. Omitting this parameter from isoprene emission models will not affect simulated isoprene emission rates at mild temperatures, but can increase isoprene emission rates at high temperatures.
Safety Design, Operation, and Control of a Liquid Hydrogen Target at BNL

A liquid hydrogen target for high energy physics experiment, Crystal Ball Spectrometer, was recently built and operated at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) particle accelerator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The system safety design, operation, and control of the target was analyzed and evaluated during its two-month beam-taking experiment. This paper reports on this cryogenic project.
What is an Ethical Decision

We currently have litde understanding of the decision experience of patients and their families who must decide on a treatment alternative that may inextricably change the course or quality of their lives. In extreme circumstances the decision may be to accept risky treatment, continue treatment with uncertain outcomes, or withdraw futile treatment. These are the contexts within which most “ethical” problems emerge: these are the situadons where we find ourselves not knowing what to do, what to say, what to advise, or where to go for help. This article provides an explication of the decision making process within a clinically-relevant framework of analysis.
Drought and Health in the Context of Public Engagement

Droughts have profoundly affected societies around the world from the earliest beginnings. A recent estimate from the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) claims that more than 1 billion people have been affected by drought during the twenty-year period between 1994 and 2013. Because of the characteristics of drought, drought impacts are often difficult to identify and quantify, and this is especially true with public health-oriented drought consequences, including those resulting from low water quantities, poor water quality, mental health and stress, dust and windblown agents, and wildlife intrusion. However, when officials emphasize adopting a proactive risk management approach to address drought, opportunities increase for reducing future public health risks. This chapter provides an overview of drought and describes drought risk management. The chapter ends with several case studies illustrating how public engagement can greatly assist in preparing a region for future droughts. Preparedness for drought is important as the competition for valuable and finite water resources increases, and as climate change potentially increases drought frequency and severity.
When cardiac patients become surgical patients.

Given the 28 million cardiac patients in the U.S., the problems of their preoperative assessment and pre-, peri-, and postoperative management when they become surgical patients comprise an important part of general medical practice. The broad range of cardiovascular disorders—arteriosclerotic, arrhythmic, valvular, hypertensive—is examined in the light of the risks incurred by a variety of surgical procedures.
Parental chromosomal rearrangements associated with repetitive spontaneous abortions.

Parental chromosomal rearrangements represent a well-established cause of repetitive spontaneous abortions. However, the frequency of parental translocations varies widely in reported series, suggesting differences in ascertainment. For this reason a sample of individuals (120 women, 104 men) who had experienced spontaneous abortions but neither stillborn nor anomalous liveborn infants was investigated. Only one translocation was detected (0.4% of individuals). The relatively low frequency of translocations in this series is probably a reflection of not only lack of coexisting stillborn or anomalous infants but also the referral pattern in this unit that facilitates routine analysis of all couples experiencing repetitive abortions. In addition, one woman showed a pericentric inversion.
Phenology of morphologic change in radiolarian lineages from deep-sea cores; implications for macroevolution

One method of increasing the resolving power of paleontological inquiries is to assess the time distribution, or phenology, of perispeciational change. The rationale for this test is that, while concentration of morphologic change around the time of speciation is consistent with both known microevolutionary mechanisms and punctuated equilibria, punctuated equilibrium theory presupposes that most of the change occurs either before or during initial allopatry to produce morphologically static taxa. Considerable change in the initial phases of speciation could also result from known microevolutionary mechanisms, but if significant change occurs in the neosympatric phase, or at any time after the species have become differentiated, then that change is best explained by known microevolutionary mechanisms. Amount and rate of morphologic change during each phase of the allopatric speciation process were determined for two cognate species of the radiolarian genus Eucyrtidium. In this case, morphologic change accruing to these species during the neosympatric phase was 2-3 times as great as that which occurred during the initial allopatric phase. Morphologic trends in both these species during the allopatric phase differed significantly from a random walk. The size differential that characterized this speciation event was not the product of a single large step early in the process but of a disproportionate number of small steps in one direction during neosympatry. Therefore, the hypothesis of no statistically significant change following the “first stage” of speciation, which is a major tenet of punctuated equilibrium theory, is falsified for this case.
Age-specific effects of novel mutations in Drosophila melanogaster I. Mortality.

Theories for the evolution of aging rest on the assumption that at least some deleterious mutations have effects that are limited to certain ages. Many mutation accumulation studies have tried to measure the number and magnitude of deleterious mutations, but few studies have tried to determine the extent to which the effects of mutations are limited to particular ages. Here we estimate the age-specific effect of deleterious mutations on mortality rate in an outbred population of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We used the ‘middle class neighborhood’ approach to accumulation mutations in populations of flies that had recently been obtained from the wild. There are mutations that increase mortality rates, but whose effects are limited to specific ages. The age-specificity of mutational effects differs between the sexes, between virgin and mated flies, and over time. After 10 and 20 generations of mutation accumulation, there were clear age-specific effects of mutations. After 30 generations, however, the degree of age-specificity decreased. In addition, mutation accumulation led to a steady increase in larval mortality and a small but significant increase in the sex ratio of eclosing flies. We discuss the implications of these results for models of aging, and suggest approaches that future studies should take to obtain accurate information on the age-specificity of novel mutations.
First Clinical Report of Proton Beam Therapy for Postoperative Radiotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Background and Purpose The characteristic Bragg peak of proton beam therapy (PBT) allows for sparing normal tissues beyond the tumor volume that may allow for decreased toxicities associated with postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). Here we report the first institutional experience with proton therapy for PORT in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and assess early toxicities and outcomes. Materials and Methods We identified 61 consecutive patients treated from 2011 to 2014 who underwent PORT for locally advanced NSCLC for positive microscopic margins and/or positive N2 lymph nodes (stage III), with 27 patients receiving PBT and 34 receiving intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Results Median follow-up time was 23.1 months for PBT (2.3-42.0 months) and 27.9 months for IMRT (0.5-87.4 months). The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy for PBT (50.4-66.6 Gy) and 54 Gy for IMRT (50.0-72.0 Gy). Grade 3 radiation esophagitis was observed in 1 and 4 patients in the PBT and IMRT groups, respectively. Grade 3 radiation pneumonitis was observed in 1 patient in each cohort. Dosimetric analysis revealed a significant decrease in the V5 and mean lung dose ( P = .001 and P = .045, respectively). One-year median overall survival and local recurrence-free survival were 85.2% and 82.4% (95% confidence interval, 72.8%-99.7% and 70.5%-96.2%, P = .648) and 92.3% and 93.3% (82.5%-100%, 84.8%-100%, P = .816) for PBT and IMRT cohorts, respectively. Conclusions Postoperative PBT in NSCLC is well-tolerated and has similar excellent short-term outcomes when compared with IMRT. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine if PBT has a meaningful improvement over IMRT for PORT.
Different Strokes: Blending Microbiology and Art: Microbiologists collaborating with artists uncover new ways to find beauty and importance in microbes and to make them into art

Although Michele Banks is not a microbiologist, she found herself speaking to a packed room of microbiologists at the 2016 ASM Microbe meeting in Boston last June. “It all started with the paint,” she says. “I was working with wet-in-wet watercolor, making abstract paintings with a kind of bleeding look and fuzzy edges. I had a show at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, D.C., and the art coordinator told me that … my work looked like ‘friendly little things under a microscope.’”