cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Smart-Phone Cameras and Image Processing Techniques to Classify Mosquito Species

Mosquito borne diseases continue to pose grave dangers to global health. An important step in combating their spread in any area is to identify the type of species prevalent there. To do so, trained personnel lay local mosquito traps, and after collecting trapped specimens, they visually inspect each specimen to identify the species type and log their counts. This process takes hours and is cognitively very demanding. In this paper, we design a smart-phone based system that allows anyone to take images of a still mosquito that is either alive or dead (but still retaining its physical form) and automatically classifies the species type. Our system integrates image processing, feature selection, unsupervised clustering, and an SVM based machine learning algorithm for classification. Results with a total of 101 mosquito specimens spread across nine different vector carrying species (that were captured from a real outdoor trap in Tampa, Florida) demonstrate high accuracy in species identification. When implemented as a smart-phone application, the latency and energy consumption were minimal. With our system, the currently manual process of species identification and recording can be sped up, while also minimizing the ensuing cognitive workload of personnel. Secondly, ordinary citizens can use our system in their own homes for self-awareness and information sharing with public health agencies.
IMMUNOLOGICAL VISUALISATION OF PHYTOCHROME

Immunology is an alternative assay for phytochrome. The assay used to isolate, purify, and characterize phytochrome is derived from the unique, photoreversible spectral properties of this chromoprotein. However, it has long been apparent that this spectral assay suffers from a number of limitations. The spectral assay is not suitable for studies of phytochrome within single, defined cells. Additional means of assay for phytochrome are clearly desirable. While available immunochemical assays, such as the spectral assay, provide no direct information concerning biological activity of the phytochrome being measured, the immunochemical assays, unlike the spectral assay, are neither dependent on the presence of the chromophore nor on its extinction coefficient and, thus, may be used as a direct measure of the amount of phytochrome protein present. The chapter indicates that immunochemical assays do not replace the spectral assay but rather supplement it and, thus, allow one to answer questions that cannot be answered by using only the spectral assay. An example of the potential of the immunological assay system is demonstrated by calculations that indicate that picogram levels of phytochrome should be detectable by means of a radioimmunoassay.
Making the Connection with Language.

mathematical expression: area, circle, equals, pi, times, square, and radius. Also consider the multiple meanings of some of these words: square: (1) a four-sided polygon with equal sides and four 90-degree angles, (2) multiply a number by itself. Other words have meaning in mathematics and outside mathematics; for example, area: (1) the amount of surface in a two-dimensional figure, (2) the broad range of a subject, for example, the whole area of science.
An internally consistent triple oxygen isotope calibration of standards for silicates, carbonates and air relative to VSMOW2 and SLAP2

Abstract High precision triple oxygen isotope measurements are becoming a more common analysis in laboratories. There is a lack of calibrated standards to use for triple oxygen isotope measurements and this has led to data being presented on different scales rather than to the traditional VSMOW2-SLAP2 scale. Here we present triple oxygen isotope values of standard carbonates, CO2 liberated from carbonates, silicates and air calibrated to the VSMOW2-SLAP2 scale. We analyzed VSMOW2 and SLAP2 to calibrate our reference gas. Our measured δ18O value of SLAP2 is −55.55‰, indistinguishable from the accepted value of −55.5‰. Our Δ′17O value of SLAP2 (λ = 0.528) is not zero, but rather −0.015‰, corresponding to a δ17O value of −29.741‰. The Δ′17O values of carbonate standards NBS19, IAEA603 and NBS18 are −0.102, −0.100 and − 0.048‰, respectively (±0.010). For CO2 of calcite liberated by phosphoric acid digestion at 25 °C, the θACID value at 25 °C is 0.5230 ± 0.0003. These results can be used to correct triple oxygen isotope measurements of CO2 released by phosphoric acid digestion in other laboratories. We present triple oxygen isotope values for UW Garnet-2, NBS-28, San Carlos Olivine (NM-SCO), and our in-house quartz standard (NM-Q). Aliquots of NM-Q and NM-SCO are available from the Center for Stable Isotopes (CSI), New Mexico for interlaboratory comparison. Our δ17O and δ18O values for air are 12.178‰ (±0.066) and 24.046‰ (±0.117), respectively, with a corresponding Δ′17O value of −0.441 ± 0.012‰. With the availability of common standards, all laboratories making δ17O-δ18O measurements can calibrate their reference gas relative to the VSMOW2-SLAP2 scale. Laboratories making triple oxygen isotope measurements on CO2 released from carbonates using phosphoric acid digestion can correct to the bulk carbonate value.
Quantification and spatial resolution of silver nanoparticles in cotton textiles by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)

For its powerful antimicrobial properties, nanosilver is the most widely used nanoparticle in commercial odor-neutralizing and anti-infective textiles. However, the recent prevalent use of nanosilver has prompted concerns for the potential adverse human and environmental effects caused from the leaching of nanosilver during usage and laundering, necessitating innovative strategies in characterizing nanosilver on textile substrates. This study investigated the viability of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an analytical method for the characterization and quantification of nanosilver (silver nanoparticles, 12.4 ± 5.1 nm) in cotton. Two indicators, iron (III) tris (dimethyldithiocarbamate) (ferbam) and rhodamine 6G (R6G) were used to compare how efficiently they bind onto nanosilver incorporated into cotton (nanosilver-cotton) and exhibit signature SERS responses. Comparing the SERS spectra of the two indicators, R6G was found to be more appropriate for nanosilver-cotton. The solvent system for R6G was important in enhancing the SERS intensity in the cotton medium – the intensity obtained from water was nearly threefold greater than those from methanol and the 50:50 mixture of water and methanol. A linear correlation (R2 = 0.9761) between the intensity at 1503 cm−1 of R6G and the concentration of nanosilver in cotton was developed and was validated by analyzing the washing stability of nanosilver-cotton fabrics through simulated laundering cycles. The technique was also successfully applied to spatially resolve the distribution and aggregation of nanosilver on textile fabrics by mapping a coffee-ring deposition produced by the surface application of nanosilver to textile samples of raw cotton, scoured raw cotton, and 50:50 and 80:20 blends of polyester-cotton. These results validate SERS as a rapid and facile tool for monitoring the dispersion and concentration of nanosilver on textiles after application and laundering.
Axillary Artery Injury Following Closed Reduction of an Age-Indeterminate Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation.

Introduction Axillary artery injury is a rare and potentially devastating sequelae of glenohumeral dislocation. While neurovascular exam is critical in all presentations, the presence of "soft" and/or "hard" signs should prompt a more thorough examination and possible employment of advanced imaging techniques. Case report We present a case of a 51-year-old male with an axillary artery injury associated with an anterior glenohumeral dislocation. The patient was initially evaluated at an outside hospital where the vascular injury was not immediately identified, and then was subsequently transferred to our institution where he underwent bypass grafting without significant sequela. Additional prophylactic fasciotomies were also performed due to concern for reperfusion compartment syndrome. Conclusion Although rare, clinicians should actively rule out vascular injuries when evaluating shoulder dislocations, especially in the elderly patient with a known history of atherosclerotic disease, those with evidence of chronic joint instability, and in the setting of high energy injury mechanisms. Hard signs of vascular injury including diminished distal pulses are the hallmark of this complication, and should always prompt vascular surgery consultation.
Sustained maternal antibody and cellular immune responses in pregnant women infected with Zika virus and mother to infant transfer of Zika-specific antibodies.

Problem Evaluation of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific humoral and cellular immune response in pregnant women exposed to ZIKV. Method of study In this observational, prospective cohort study, we recruited pregnant women presenting for prenatal ultrasound for ZIKV exposure at a single academic teaching hospital in Boston, MA from November 2016 to December 2018. We collected blood, urine, and cervicovaginal swabs antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum; and cord blood and placenta at delivery. We used experimental assays to calculate quantitative viral loads, ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin titers, and ZIKV-specific T-cell responses. Results We enrolled 22 participants, three of which had serologic-confirmed ZIKV infection. No participants demonstrated sustained ZIKV shedding. ZIKV-specific IgG/IgM antibody was sustained throughout pregnancy and postpartum. ZIKV envelope and capsid-specific T-cell responses were also observed, albeit inconsistent. No newborns in this cohort had congenital Zika syndrome. Infant cord blood of infected mothers exhibited ZIKV-specific IgG, but not IgM antibodies. Conclusion We detected a robust, prolonged maternal humoral immune response to ZIKV during pregnancy and postpartum. We also demonstrated evidence for efficient transplacental antibody transfer from mother to infant at birth, supporting the importance of neonatal passive immunity to ZIKV. Maternal T-cell responses were less consistent among pregnant women infected with ZIKV.
Multicomponent gold nano-glycoconjugate as a highly immunogenic and protective platform against Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia mallei (Bm) is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the etiological agent of glanders, a highly infectious zoonotic disease occurring in equines and humans. The intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, lack of specific therapy, high mortality, and history as a biothreat agent, prompt the need of a safe and effective vaccine. However, the limited knowledge of protective Bm-specific antigens has hampered the development of a vaccine. Further, the use of antigen-delivery systems that enhance antigen immunogenicity and elicit robust antigen-specific immune responses has been limited and could improve vaccines against Bm. Nanovaccines, in particular gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have been investigated as a strategy to broaden the repertoire of vaccine-mediated immunity and as a tool to produce multivalent vaccines. To synthesize a nano-glycoconjugate vaccine, six predicted highly immunogenic antigens identified by a genome-wide bio- and immuno-informatic analysis were purified and coupled to AuNPs along with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from B. thailandensis. Mice immunized intranasally with individual AuNP-protein-LPS conjugates, showed variable degrees of protection against intranasal Bm infection, while an optimized combination formulation (containing protein antigens OmpW, OpcP, and Hemagglutinin, along with LPS) showed complete protection against lethality in a mouse model of inhalational glanders. Animals immunized with different nano-glycoconjugates showed robust antigen-specific antibody responses. Moreover, serum from animals immunized with the optimized nano-glycoconjugate formulation showed sustained antibody responses with increased serum-mediated inhibition of adherence and opsonophagocytic activity in vitro. This study provides the basis for the rational design and construction of a multicomponent vaccine platform against Bm.
Current Progress and Perspective: Clinical Imaging of Islet Transplantation

Islet transplantation has great potential as a cure for type 1 diabetes. At present; the lack of a clinically validated non-invasive imaging method to track islet grafts limits the success of this treatment. Some major clinical imaging modalities and various molecular probes, which have been studied for non-invasive monitoring of transplanted islets, could potentially fulfill the goal of understanding pathophysiology of the functional status and viability of the islet grafts. In this current review, we summarize the recent clinical studies of a variety of imaging modalities and molecular probes for non-invasive imaging of transplanted beta cell mass. This review also includes discussions on in vivo detection of endogenous beta cell mass using clinical imaging modalities and various molecular probes, which will be useful for longitudinally detecting the status of islet transplantation in Type 1 diabetic patients. For the conclusion and perspectives, we highlight the applications of multimodality and novel imaging methods in islet transplantation.
Rolando’s Fracture

In 1910, Rolando described a T-pattern or Y-pattern fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal that involved both a volar lip and a large dorsal lip fragment. The fracture configuration still bears his name and can be considered a type of comminuted Bennett's fracture (Fig. 12-1 A).
FNDC-1-mediated mitophagy and ATFS-1 coordinate to protect against hypoxia-reoxygenation.

Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) balances organelle adaptation and elimination, and mechanistic crosstalk between the underlying molecular processes affects subsequent stress outcomes. FUNDC1 (F...
The Hippo Pathway Effector TAZ Regulates Ferroptosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Despite recent advances, the poor outcomes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still necessitate novel therapeutics. RCC is highly susceptible to ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death with disease relevance. While ferroptosis may have therapeutic potential, much remains unknown about the determinants of ferroptosis susceptibility. We found that the ferroptosis susceptibility is highly influenced by cell confluency. RCC grown at low density is highly susceptible to ferroptosis, but exhibits resistance at high density. Because cell density regulates Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway, we investigated the roles of Hippo pathway effectors in the ferroptosis. TAZ is abundantly expressed in RCC and undergoes density-dependent nuclear/cytosolic translocation. TAZ removal confers ferroptosis resistance, while overexpression TAZS89A sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. Furthermore, TAZ regulates the expression of EMP1 that, in turn, induces the expression of NOX4, a renal-enriched ROS-generating enzyme essential for ferroptosis. Collectively, the cell density-regulated ferroptosis is mediated by TAZ through the regulation of EMP1-NOX4, suggesting its therapeutic potential for RCC and other TAZ-activated tumors.
A comment on Paul, Weinbach, and Wilson’s (2004) “Efficient markets, fair bets, and profitability in NBA totals 1995-96 to 2001-02”

Abstract This paper revisits Paul et al. (2004) using a more recent data set to test for inefficiencies in the totals market for NBA games. Using data from the 1995-96 to 2001-02 seasons, Paul et al. (2004) found the market as a whole to be efficient, but that this was not the case for bets on the highest of point totals. Using data from the 2012-13 to 2018-19 seasons reveals a market that is more efficient than that of their earlier work, as the null hypothesis of a fair bet is not rejected for the higher totals. However, winning percentages in excess of 52.4 % were found further in the upper tail of the distribution of points totals relative to the earlier period.
Improved photodecarboxylation properties in zinc photocages constructed using m-nitrophenylacetic acid variants

The methoxy- and fluoro-derivatives of meta-nitrophenylacetic acid (mNPA) chromophores undergo photodecarboxylation with comparable quantum yields to unsubstituted mNPA, but uncage at red-shifted excitation wavelengths. This observation prompted us to investigate DPAdeCageOMe (2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-2-(4-methoxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid) and DPAdeCageF (2-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-2-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid) as Zn2+ photocages. DPAdeCageOMe has a high quantum yield and exhibits other photophysical properties comparable to XDPAdeCage ({bis[(2-pyridyl)methyl]amino}(9-oxo-2-xanthenyl) acetic acid), the best perforiming Zn2+ photocage reported to date. Since the synthesis of DPAdeCageOMe is more straightforward than XDPACage, the new photocage will be a highly competitive tool for biological applications.
Photoinhibition of PSII Secondary Donors: Relevance to Photoactivation and Sites of Electron Donation

In the absence of either a functional water-oxidizing complex or artificial PSII electron donors, the secondary donors to P680 + are susceptible to weak-light photoinhibition by a mechanism not yet established [1–3]. The ability to restore O2 evolution through the photoactivation process is also weak-light sensitive [4]. We have studied these phenomena in attempts to identify factors which prohibit complete photoactivation, to determine if D+ is specifically required in this process, and to gain some insights into the specificity of Z+ and D+ for the photooxidation of exogenous PSII donors.
Industry Operations Architecture for Business Process Model Collections

The absence of a holistic industry-centric architecture for processes is an important BPM shortfall that impacts model collections. This paper introduces a Componentized Industry Business Architecture as a vehicle to address this gap and to make processes better integrated with other critical dimensions in organizational design. This architecture provides the foundation for a taxonomy of processes and enables process models to be created or potentially rationalized against a comprehensive framework.
The Influence of Spirituality, Race/Ethnicity and Religion on Parent Grief and Mental Health at one month and three months after their Infant's/Child's death in the Neonatal or Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

of larger study The parent study entitled, “Death in the NICU/PICU: Parent and Family Functioning,” is a longitudinal repeated measures design study that uses both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods and analysis. Quantitative data were collected at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3), and 13 months (T4) after the death of the infant/child. Data on parent supportive resources (religiosity, social support), parent grief (despair, detachment, disorganization), parent mental health (depression, PTSD), personal growth, and family functioning (mother-father couple relationship, parentsurviving child relationship, and family functioning) were collected at all time points. Data on characteristics of the situation surrounding the infant’s/child’s death were collected only at T1. Full parent demographic data were obtained at T1; demographic data that could change were collected at each time point. Infant/child hospital record data
Economic Consequences of Judicial Institutions: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

This paper studies the effects of judicial institutions on investment and employment using an industry-by-industry approach, combined with the legal context of American Indian reservations. Using variation in legal institutions from a quasi natural experiment, better-understood courts lead to greater employment and more establishments among high-sunk-cost industries while having minimal effects on low-sunk-cost industries. The heterogeneity in effects across industries is consistent with the hypothesis that better-understood courts overcome a potential hold-up problem in contract negotiations. Beyond American Indian reservations, these findings suggest broad and wide-reaching effects of the nature of court systems on economic activity.
Mutations in pts cause catabolite-resistant sporulation and altered regulation of spo0H in Bacillus subtilis.

A mutation in Bacillus subtilis, ggr-31, that relieves glucose-glutamine-dependent control of a spoVG-lacZ translational fusion was isolated and was subsequently found to confer a pleiotropic phenotype. Mutants cultured in glucose- and glutamine-rich media exhibited a Crs- (catabolite-resistant sporulation) phenotype; enhanced expression of the spo0H gene, encoding sigma H, as evidenced by immunoblot analysis with anti-sigma H antiserum; and derepression of srfA, an operon involved in surfactin biosynthesis and competence development. In addition, ggr-31 mutants exhibited a significant increase in generation time when they were cultured in minimal glucose medium. The mutant phenotype was restored to the wild type by Campbell integration of a plasmid containing part of the ptsG (encoding the enzyme II/III glucose permease) gene, indicating that the mutation probably resides within ptsG and adversely affects glucose uptake. A deletion mutation within ptsI exhibited a phenotype similar to that of ggr-31. Images
Uncertain Multivariable Systems from a State Space Perspective

This paper introduces some new extensions of ? analysis for LTI systems with structured uncertainty to time varying and nonlinear systems.
A Matrix and its Inverse: Revisiting Minimal Rank Completions

We revisit a formula that connects the minimal ranks of triangular parts of a matrix and its inverse and relate the result to structured rank matrices. We also address a generic minimal rank problem that was proposed by David Ingerman and Gilbert Strang.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: Recurrent and De Novo Mutations in the KRT5 and KRT14 Genes, Phenotype/Genotype Correlations, and Implications for Genetic Counseling and Prenatal Diagnosis

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a mechano-bullous disorder characterized by intraepidermal blistering within the basal keratinocytes as a result of trauma to the skin. As part of the DNA diagnostics program, our laboratory has analyzed a cohort of 57 patients with the initial referral diagnosis of EBS. Among these patients, 18 were found to harbor heterozygous mutations in the keratin 5 or keratin 14 genes, KRT5 and KRT14, respectively, whereas in 14 cases, the disease was associated with mutations in both alleles of the plectin gene. Among the keratin mutations, 12 were distinct and six were novel, and in most cases there was no family history of a blistering disease. Prenatal diagnosis of eight pregnancies with keratin gene mutations, at risk for EBS either because one of the parents was affected (three cases) or history of a previously affected child as a result of a de novo mutation (five cases), predicted two fetuses being affected and six being normal. No recurrence of the de novo mutations in these pregnancies was disclosed. Collectively, the data suggest that a significant number of cases diagnosed as EBS are due to plectin mutations, and many cases result from de novo mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 genes. These findings have implications for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for EBS.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA HEMOLYSIN

Berk, Richard S. (Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich.). Production and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hemolysin. J. Bacteriol. 84:1041-1048. 1962.-Hemolysin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained by either extraction of blood agar media after bacterial growth or by saline washing of cellophane plate-grown cells, hemolytic activity being greatest in the latter preparations. Except for variations in heat stability, both types of preparations appeared to be similar if not identical. Complete hemolysis of red blood cells was observed over a wide pH range, although the optima appeared to be below 6.0. Acidification of agar extracts resulted in a coarse precipitate which appeared to be a hemolysin-agar complex. Partial purification of hemolysin present in cellophane washings was obtained by fractionation with ammonium sulfate or by gel filtration. Further characterization of hemolysin is described.
A novel analytical model for electronic and optical switches with shared buffer

Switches with shared buffer have lower packet loss probabilities than other types of switches when the sizes of the buffers are the same. In the past, the performance analysis for electronic shared buffer switches has been carried out extensively. However, due to the strong dependencies of the output queues in the buffer, it is very difficult to find a good analytical model. Existing models are either accurate but have exponential complexities or not very accurate. In this paper, we propose a novel analytical model called the aggregation model for switches with shared buffer. This model can be used for analyzing both electronic and optical switches, and has perfect accuracies under all tested conditions and has polynomial time complexity. It is based on the idea of induction: first find the behavior of 2 queues, then aggregate them into one block; then find the behavior of 3 queues while regarding 2 of the queues as one block, then aggregate the 3 queues into one block; then aggregate 4 queues and so on. When a sufficient number of queues have been aggregated, the behavior of the entire switch is found. We believe that the new model represents the best analytical model for shared buffer switches so far.
Maternal Food Insecurity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Certain Birth Defects

Food insecurity represents a lack of access to enough food to meet basic needs. We hypothesized that food insecurity may increase birth defect risks, because it is an indicator of increased stress or compromised nutrition, which are both implicated in birth defect etiologies. This study used population-based case-control data. Included in the analysis were 1,189 case mothers and 695 control mothers who were interviewed by telephone. We calculated a food insecurity score as the number of affirmative responses to 5 questions from a shortened instrument designed to measure food insecurity. OR for the food insecurity score specified as a linear term indicated that a higher score was associated with increased risk of cleft palate, d-transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, spina bifida, and anencephaly, but not with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, after adjustment for maternal race-ethnicity, education, BMI, intake of folic acid-containing supplements, dietary intake of folate and energy, neighborhood crime, and stressful life events. In addition, several models suggested effect modification by certain factors. For example, for anencephaly, among women with the worst score for neighborhood crime (i.e. 6), the OR associated with a 1-unit change in the food insecurity score was 1.57 (95% CI 1.06, 2.33), whereas among women with a low crime score (i.e. 2), the corresponding OR was 1.16 (95% CI 0.96, 1.38). This study suggests that increased risks of certain birth defects may be included among the negative consequences of food insecurity.
Reaction of O(3P) with Alkenes: Side Chain vs Double Bond Attack

O atoms can attack either the double bond or the side chain of an alkylethene. LIF (laser-induced fluorescence) detection of O(3P) and OH allows separate measurement of the rates of the two types of reactions. The addition to the double bond is by far the more important reaction.
Left Atrial Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Causing Mitral Valve Obstruction

A 61-year-old Latino woman with no past medical history presented to the emergency department with 2 weeks of gradual onset of dyspnea on exertion, cough, and palpitations. She denied any recent illnesses, fevers, or unintentional weight loss. She was not taking any medications or using tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs. On physical examination, she had a temperature of 100.6°F, a heart rate of 122 bpm, respiratory rate of 25 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 155/92 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation of 92% on bilevel positive airway pressure. Her physical examination was notable for jugular venous distension, a loud S1 and normal S2, a grade 2/6 middiastolic murmur heard loudest at the apex, crackles throughout her posterior lung fields, and trace bilateral lower-extremity edema. Her ECG showed sinus rhythm with no significant ST-T abnormalities (Figure 1). A portable chest radiograph showed mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, bilateral air space opacities, and small bilateral pleural effusions (Figure 2). Computed tomography of the chest with intravenous contrast was done to evaluate for pulmonary embolism; it revealed a mass with lobulated margins within the left atrium (Figure 3) protruding into the left ventricular cavity and infiltrating the left atrial wall. Figure 1. Twelve-lead ECG demonstrating normal sinus rhythm with no significant ST-T segment abnormalities. Figure 2. Portable chest radiograph showing mild enlargement of the cardiac silhouette, bilateral air space opacities, and small bilateral pleural effusions. Figure 3. A …
The potential-sweep method: A theoretical analysis☆

Potential sweep method for organic and adsorption analyses, showing relation between galvanostatic and fast potential sweep transients, noting mathematical analysis of current-potential transients
Absence of combined effects of anemia and bilateral surgical status on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose. To examine the effects of anemia on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes following unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Method. This was a multicenter, retrospective study from 15 inpatient rehabilitation facilities. Patients (N = 5421) with very low hematocrit (Hct 36% women, 41% men) were included. Inpatient rehabilitation occurred following TKA. Functional independence measure (FIM) scores, length of stay (LOS), itemized hospital charges, discharge destination were main outcomes.Results. LOS was 13% longer and hospital charges were 12.5–18.0% higher in the very low Hct than remaining groups (p = 0.0001). The FIM score and subscores for walking, stair climbing, bathing, transfers, and dressing changes were comparable for all Hct groups for the overall score. Hct <30% did not correspond to worse outcomes in patients with bilateral surgeries compared with unilateral surgeries; total FIM scores improved 47–53% across all Hct...
Contextual Effects on Reading of Individual Words by Reading Disabled Adolescents with Specific Learning Disabilities

Word recognition involves both decoding of word sounds and retrieval of the meaning of a word. This study examined the influence of context on both decoding and meaning recognition. Reading disabled adolescents with specific learning disabilities were compared to normal adolescent readers and young normal readers. The results showed that (a) context facilitated both decoding and meaning recognition for all readers, and (b) reading disabled adolescents showed deficits on both tasks. Some reading disabled adolescents had primary difficulty in decoding while others demonstrated primary difficulty in meaning recognition. No evidence was found of a specific deficit in reading disabled adolescents' use of context.
Honors Education and the Prospects for Academic Reform

Honors education has the potential to serve as the foundation for reform of undergraduate education. Calls for reform during the last three decades have not resulted in change, in large measure because of the failure to engage the faculty and students in the effort. While prescriptions for change have abounded, conditions on campus and within society at large have not proven favorable. This article suggests that the implementation of Honors education helps to create the conditions supportive of reform.
Linking theory and research to practice: The Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and the STEEP™ program

Twenty-nine years ago Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (MLSPC) was launched at the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota. It was one of the first prospective longitudinal studies of how parent – infant attachment develops, how it changes over time, and how the quality of attachment in infancy influences long-term development. Findings from this study have been published widely in journals, books, and conference papers (a complete list of publications is available from the authors or on the web at www.cyfc.umn.edu). In this article the authors discuss the theory that has guided the research, summarise critical findings from the 29 years and illustrate how this research has been used to inform and shape preventive intervention for parents and infants in high-risk circumstances.
Sedimentary record of erg migration

The sedimentary record of erg (eolian sand sea) migration consists of an idealized threefold division of sand-sea facies sequences. The basal division, here termed the fore-erg , is composed of a hierarchy of eolian sand bodies contained within sediments of the flanking depositional environment. These sand bodies consist of eolian strata deposited by small dune complexes, zibars, and sand sheets. The fore-erg represents the downwind, leading edge of the erg and records the onset of eolian sedimentation. Basin subsidence coupled with erg migration places the medial division, termed the central erg , over the fore-erg strata. The central erg, represented by a thick accumulation of large-scale, cross-stratified sandstone, is the product of large draa complexes. Eolian influence on regional sedimentation patterns is greatest in the central erg, and most of the sand transported and deposited in the erg is contained within this region. Reduction in sand supply and continued erg migration will cover the central-erg deposits with a veneer of back-erg deposits. This upper division of the erg facies sequence resembles closely the fore-erg region. Similar types of eolian strata are present and organized in sand bodies encased in sediments of the upwind flanking depositional environment(s). Back-erg deposits may be thin due to limited eolian influence on sedimentation or incomplete erg migration, or they may be completely absent because of great susceptibility to postdepositional erosion. Tectonic, climatic, and eustatic influences on sand-sea deposition will produce distinctive variations or modifications of the idealized erg facies sequence. The resulting variants in the sedimentary record of erg migration are illustrated with ancient examples from western North America, Europe, southern Africa, and South America.
Commentary: Applying a causal road map in settings with time-dependent confounding.

Keil and colleagues raise a number of key points in their illustration of the g-formula.1 In this commentary, I expand on several of these, using a “roadmap” for causal queries that clearly delineates between formal definition of the causal question, translation of this question into a statistical parameter under clearly stated assumptions (identification), estimation of the statistical parameter, and interpretation of the resulting estimate.2–5 In particular, I discuss approaches to censoring when defining the question, emphasize the longitudinal g-formula as a statistical parameter (identification result) rather than an estimation approach, and discuss targeted maximum likelihood, an alternative approach to estimation of this statistical parameter. I use a simulated example motivated by the data analysis in the paper by Keil et al for illustration and provide accompanying R code in an eAppendix (http://links.lww.com/EDE/A835).
Use of resorbable and screw fixation in pediatric craniofacial surgery

Abstract The concept of a rigid but nonpermanent method for bone stabilization for craniomaxillofacial surgery, particularly in infants and children, has long had theoretical appeal but a safe and effective method for bone fixation has been wanting. Since 1996, resorbable plate and screw systems have been available for clinical use. In this review, the author's technique and experience over the past 8 years for fixation of pediatric cranial vault deformities with one specific type of resorbable biomaterial, polylactic-polyglycolic acid copolymer (LactoSorb), biomaterial is described. The evolution of device use including conventional plate geometries, mesh panels, extended plate designs, threaded screws, push screws, and rivets is reviewed.
Prey transport in the tiger salamander: Quantitative electromyography and muscle function in tetrapods

A quantitative analysis of the muscle activity patterns (motor patterns) used by tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial feeding is presented to provide comparative data on motor output during prey transport in amphibians, compare prey transport motor patterns to those used during initial prey capture, and test the generality of previously proposed models of the feeding cycle in tetrapods. Simultaneous electromyographic and kinematic recordings during prey transport reveal four phases in the prey transport cycle. The Preparatory phase precedes prey transport with activity found mainly in muscles of the buccal floor (genioglossus, geniohyoideus, interhyoideus, and inter-mandibularis), but with all muscles silent at the end of this phase. Prey transport occurs during the Fast Opening and Closing phases. The Fast Opening phase begins with near simultaneous onset of activity in all jaw and hyoid muscles, including anatomical antagonists such as the depressor mandibulae and adductor mandibulae. The subarcualis rectus one muscle is active during the Fast Opening and Closing phases of transport despite the lack of accompanying tongue projection and may function to stabilize the hyobranchial apparatus. The motor pattern of terrestrial prey transport differs considerably from that of initial prey capture, but appears to be similar to the motor pattern used during aquatic prey capture and hydraulic prey transport. We hypothesize that post-metamorphic tiger salamanders accomplish terrestrial prey transport by retaining the larval motor pattern employed during suction feeding. The motor pattern and kinematics of prey transport in Ambystoma tigrinum differ in nearly all aspects from previous models of the generalized tetrapod feeding cycle.
Direct Simulation Methods for Low-Speed Microchannel Flows

Large statistical scatter and effective pressure boundary conditions are two critical problems in the computation of microchannel flows with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. To address these issues, an extension of the DSMC-IP (information preservation) coupled method is developed from the one-dimensional case to the two-dimensional case for microchannel flow. Simulation results in a microchannel flow from DSMC, IP, and numerical and analytical solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations are compared. The DSMC-IP coupled method successfully reduces the large statistical scatter usually obtained with DSMC in such low-speed flow systems. It also provides a suitable implementation of pressure boundary conditions
Syllabic reduction in Mandarin and English speech

This study examined whether language specific properties may lead to cross-language differences in the degree of phonetic reduction. Rates of syllabic reduction (defined here as reduction in which the number of syllables pronounced is less than expected based on canonical form) in English and Mandarin were compared. The rate of syllabic reduction was higher in Mandarin than English. Regardless of language, open syllables participated in reduction more often than closed syllables. The prevalence of open syllables was higher in Mandarin than English, and this phonotactic difference could account for Mandarin's higher rate of syllabic reduction.
Epigenetic aspects of MDS and its molecular targeted therapy

The term “epigenetics” refers to clonally inherited stable variability in gene expression without underlying genetic changes. There are two well-known molecular mechanisms for epigenetic information: DNA methylation and histone modifications. Epigenetic changes have been recognized in the past decade as critical factors for physiological phenomena such as embryogenesis and the differentiation of normal cells. There is recent interest regarding the involvement of aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications in mediating altered physiology in cancer. MDS is characterized by epigenetic changes, mutations in epigenetic regulators, and response to DNA methylation inhibitors, suggesting that epigenetic changes are unique features of MDS patients. In this article, recent progress in the understanding of MDS epigenetics and epigenetics-based therapies is reviewed.
Returns and Risks of Expanding Pennsylvania Dairy Farms with Different Levels of Equity

An accepted theory of farm firm behavior was incorporated into an abstract computerized simulation model to evaluate the returns and risks involved to Pennsylvania dairy farm firms expanding at different levels of equity. In addition, management efficiency was treated as a parameter to test for interaction of the policies and situations with this characteristic. The base of the analysis was a dairy farm situation having crop yields and production levels approximating that of an efficient Central Pennsylvania farm. The variations and trends in yield, production, and price were intended to approximate those experienced by Pennsylvania farmers during the previous ten years. Under the given environmental and economic assumptions, the results of this study strongly indicated that the payoff for taking the risk of thinning equity below present conventional levels during farm expansion is quite high in most situations.
Phase diagram of the hexagonal lattice quantum dimer model

We discuss the phase diagram of the quantum dimer model on the hexagonal (honeycomb) lattice. In addition to the columnar and staggered valence-bond solids which have been discussed in previous work, we establish the existence of a plaquette valence-bond solid. The transition between the plaquette and columnar phases at $v/t=\ensuremath{-}0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ is argued to be first order. We note that this model should describe valence-bond-dominated phases of frustrated Heisenberg models on the hexagonal lattice and discuss its relation to recent exact diagonalization work by Fouet et al. on the ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}$ model on the same lattice. Our results also shed light on the properties of the transverse field Ising antiferromagnet on the triangular lattice and the classical Ising antiferromagnet on the stacked triangular lattice, which are related to dimer models by duality.
MEK4 Function, Genistein Treatment, and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Background Dietary intake of genistein by patients with prostate cancer has been associated with decreased metastasis and mortality. Genistein blocks activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and thus inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression and cell invasion in cultured cells and inhibits metastasis of human prostate cancer cells in mice. We investigated the target for genistein in prostate cancer cells.
Acute Limb Ischemia.

Acute limb ischemia is a vascular event presenting with sudden decrease in limb perfusion (of <14 days' duration) that threatens limb viability. Acute thrombosis of the native artery or graft makes up the bulk of etiopathogenesis. Prompt revascularization is the cornerstone of management of acute limb ischemia in limbs that have not undergone irreversible tissue and nerve damage. Amputation is performed in patients with irreversible tissue and nerve damage.
Modeling a Historical Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak Using Landsat MSS and Multiple Lines of Evidence

Abstract Mountain pine beetles are significant forest disturbance agents, capable of inducing widespread mortality in coniferous forests in western North America. Various remote sensing approaches have assessed the impacts of beetle outbreaks over the last two decades. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of historical mountain pine beetle outbreaks, including the 1970s event that impacted Glacier National Park. The lack of spatially explicit data on this disturbance represents both a major data gap and a critical research challenge in that wildfire has removed some of the evidence from the landscape. We utilized multiple lines of evidence to model forest canopy mortality as a proxy for outbreak severity. We incorporate historical aerial and landscape photos, aerial detection survey data, a nine-year collection of satellite imagery and abiotic data. This study presents a remote sensing based framework to (1) relate measurements of canopy mortality from fine-scale aerial photography to coarse-scale multispectral imagery and (2) classify the severity of mountain pine beetle affected areas using a temporal sequence of Landsat data and other landscape variables. We sampled canopy mortality in 261 plots from aerial photos and found that insect effects on mortality were evident in changes to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over time. We tested multiple spectral indices and found that a combination of NDVI and the green band resulted in the strongest model. We report a two-step process where we utilize a generalized least squares model to account for the large-scale variability in the data and a binary regression tree to describe the small-scale variability. The final model had a root mean square error estimate of 9.8% canopy mortality, a mean absolute error of 7.6% and an R2 of 0.82. The results demonstrate that a model of percent canopy mortality as a continuous variable can be developed to identify a gradient of mountain pine beetle severity on the landscape.
Drag-reduction characteristics of aft-swept wing tips

Results are presented of a study conducted to analyze the potential aerodynamic improvements which can be obtained with aft-swept wing tips at subsonic speeds. A review and summary of previous swept-tip applications and studies are given. Additionally, the through evolution optimized tail-fin shapes of fast-cruising aquatic animals are examined as well as the wing planform shapes of sea birds. These superior long-distance travellers both display lifting-surface planform shapes with increased leading-edge sweep towards the tip. These observations and analytical results obtained with a nonlinear surface-panel method demonstrate that substantial induced-drag improvements can be obtained through the adoption of planform shapes with highly-tapered aft-swept tips.
Survival outcomes in node-negative breast cancer patients evaluated with complete axillary node dissection versus sentinel lymph node biopsy

Background Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy combined with microstaging-associated immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin more accurately assigns patients to their corresponding diagnostic stage. The purpose of this study was to compare the survival outcomes of node-negative patients who received an SLN biopsy with historical control data of node-negative patients who received routine complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND) in the pre-SLN biopsy era.