cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DO AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS IN MEXICO ALLEVIATE POVERTY?: EVIDENCE FROM THE EJIDO SECTOR

Following the economic and legal reforms of the early 1990s, the Government of Mexico has developed new agricultural support programs that promote productivity and facilitate the adjustment process, while not interfering with the market economy put into place by the reforms. In this paper, we use a panel survey for the the ejido sector for the years 1994 and 1997 to analyze the impact o­n poverty of two programs: PROCAMPO, a cash transfer per hectare of cultivated land, and ALIANZA, a matching grant program for investments in agriculture. Our evaluation method takes into account the endogeneity of placement. We find that participation in PROCAMPO significantly reduces the likelihood that a ejido household will be poor, but that ALIANZA has no significant impact o­n poverty. It is also shown that PROCAMPO may have a positive multiplier effect o­n household income.
Protection of chymotrypsin from inactivation by a nitrogen mustard antitumor drug by prior acylation of the active center.

SummaryThe inactivation of a-chymotrypsin by chlorambucil has been blocked by prior acylation of the active site of the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl trimethylacetate. Trimethylacetyl-chymotrypsin which has been deacylated with hydroxylamine at pH 7.0 after exposure to chlorambucil exhibits full enzymic activity in contrast to the loss in activity shown by chlorambucil-treated chymotrypsin. These data suggest that inactivation of the enzyme occurs by reaction of the antitumor drug at the active site of the enzyme rather than at a nonspecific or allosteric site.
Haemophilus Influenzae contributes to morbidity but not mortality in severely burned patients.

Due to a successful Haemophilus Influenzae (HIF) vaccination program, this pathogen is no longer a major contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality. The effect on adult acquisition of HIF is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine HIF infection frequency in severely burned patients. In a 62-month period, there were 1486 admissions. Twenty-four of 1486 (1.6%) burn patients had HIF pneumonia: 16 (1%) within 72 h after injury; 8 (0.5%) patients developed it after the seventh day of hospitalization; 74 of 1486 (5.0%) burn patients had pneumonia due to other organisms. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with HIF pneumonia and those with other pathogens with respect to age, race, sex, percent total body surface area (TBSA), inhalation injury, ventilator days, intensive care days, sepsis, or mortality. Nineteen percent of patients with HIF were <14 years of age compared to 12% in the other pneumonia group, p < 0.01. HIF contributed to both an early and late pneumonia in burn patients. The organism responded to treatment and did not affect mortality.
Risk and Retention: Are LGBTQ Students Staying in Your Community College?

While some community college campuses acknowledge the presence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students, few institutions pursue research to identify the needs of these students. As a result, many LGBTQ students in higher education are invisible; therefore, their experiences are known only anecdotally. This article proposes to examine the lives of LGBTQ college students to provide an understanding of students’ behaviors and stressors and how those areas affect students’ academic achievement and success in college.
Poly(oxadiazole-amide)s containing hexafluoroisopropylidene

Abstract A series of new poly(oxadiazole-imide)s that are soluble in polar solvents, and some of which are soluble in chloroform, have been prepared by incorporating the hexafluoroisopropylidene unit and other flexible linkages into the backbone. Films of these poly(oxadiazole-imide)s cast from solution are light-tan to yellow in colour and have ultimate tensile strengths ranging from 89.0 to 95.6 MPa. Initial weight loss occurs near 380°C in air by thermogravimetric analysis, while one polymer appears unchanged after isothermally ageing for 300 h at 300°C in air. The inherent viscosities ranged from 0.34 to 0.54 dl g −1 in N , N -dimethylacetamide. The refractive indices of the poly(oxadiazole-imide)s are near 1.6 and the dielectric constants range from 2.9 to 3.2 at 1 MHz. Moisture absorptions of the poly(oxadiazole-imide)s are near 3% by weight. A new hexafluoroisopropylidene- and imide-containing dicarboxylic acid and its diacid chloride and six new ether- and imide-containing dicarboxylic acids and their diacid chlorides are also presented. These monomers were prepared from commercially available diamines and trimellitic anhydride without the use of an amide solvent.
Quantum integers and cyclotomy

Abstract A sequence of functions F = { f n ( q ) } n = 1 ∞ satisfies the functional equation for multiplication of quantum integers if f mn ( q ) = f m ( q ) f n ( q m ) for all positive integers m and n. This paper describes the structure of all sequences of rational functions with coefficients in Q that satisfy this functional equation.
The single-mind and many-minds versions of quantum mechanics

There is a long tradition of trying to find a satisfactory interpretation of Everett's relative-state formulation of quantum mechanics. Albert and Loewer recently described two new ways of reading Everett: one we will call the single-mind theory and the other the many-minds theory. I will briefly describe these theories and present some of their merits and problems. Since both are no-collapse theories, a significant merit is that they can take advantage of certain properties of the linear dynamics, which Everett apparently considered to be important, to constrain their statistical laws.
Helix packing in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli: localization of helix VI.

Plasmids encoding “split” lactose permease constructs with discontinuities in either the periplasmic loop between helices V and VI (N5/C7) or between helices VI and VII (N6/C6) were used to localize helix VI within the tertiary structure by site-directed thiol cross-linking. A total of 57 double-Cys pairs, with one Cys residue in helix VI and another in helix V or VIII, were studied with homobifunctional cross-linking agents. Significant cross-linking is observed between the periplasmic ends of helices V (position 158 or 161) and VI (position 170) with rigid 6 or 10 A reagents. Furthermore, the Cys residue at position 170 (helix VI) also cross-links to a Cys residue at either position 264 or 265 (helix VIII) with a 21 A cross-linking agent. The data indicate that helices V, VI and VIII are in close proximity at the periplasmic face of the membrane, with helix VI significantly closer to helix V. In addition, β,d-galactopyranosyl 1-thio-β,d-galactopyranoside induces a significant increase in cross-linking efficiency between helices VI and VIII and between helices V and VIII, with no significant change in cross-linking between helices V and VI.
Choice of muscle relaxants in patients with heart disease

Summary The presence or absence of circulatory effects induced by muscle relaxants is often cited in the decision process for selection for the most appropriate drug for production of skeletal muscle paralysis in patients with heart disease undergoing surgery. With the exception of pancuronium, all the other currently available nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are devoid of circulatory effects or evoke histamine release only when large doses (about 3×ED95) are administered rapidly. Indeed, it seems undeniable that the circulatory effects of muscle relaxants, when they do occur, are modest, transient, and rarely of clinical significance. More important than muscle-relaxant-induced circulatory effects is their recovery profile and the likelihood that residual (“subclinical”) skeletal muscle paralysis will persist despite drugassisted antagonism. In this regard, when the issue of patient safety is considered, the higher cost of short-acting and intermediate-acting nondepolarizing muscle relaxants seems justifiable. What a difference 10 years can make!29
Small-area fiber-coupled scintillation camera for imaging beta-ray distributions intraoperatively

A small area, imaging, scintillation probe is being developed for locating small amounts of radio-labeled malignant tissue during surgery. Preliminary in brain surgery, avoiding the removal of excess tissue is a priority. It is possible to locate the main body of a brain tumor both before and during surgery, but once the bulk of the tumor is excised the identification of residual malignant tissue is difficult. A probe that covers an area of 1-2 cm2 with an intrinsic resolution of 1-2 mm could locate small tumor masses that pose a threat of recurrence of the disease, and prevent removal of healthy tissue. A pre-operative injection of tumor seeking, beta emitting radiopharmaceutical (e.g. 18fluorodeoxyuridine-FDUR-) will label the tumor. The limited range of beta-rays ensures proximity upon successful detection. Plastic scintillators are used for beta detection, and visible light photon counters (VLPCs) detect the scintillation light. For maneuverability in and around the surgical cavity, the scintillators are coupled to the VLPCs via 2 m of optical fiber. An imaging device can cover the tissue bed in a time compatible with surgery, as opposed to a single element detector on the order of 1-2 mm in size with comparable resolution. An imager also distinguishes high background rates (such as from annihilation gammas in FDUR) and concentrations of activity.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
GAS-Phase Decomposition Kinetics of MOVPE Precursors in a Counterflow Jet Reactor

A new reactor for studying the purely homogeneous thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors used in the Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) of semiconductors is presented. The idea is based on the use of a counterflow jet configuration with one jet being heated and the other unheated. The heated jet contains pure carrier gas (typically hydrogen or nitrogen), while the unheated jet contains vapors of an organometallic species diluted in the same carrier gas. Under appropriate operating conditions, decomposition of the organometallic species takes place near the stagnation plane where the hot jet collides with the cool jet. Since the reactions occur in the gas phase and away from hot walls, purely homogeneous kinetics can be obtained. Such a counterflow jet reactor was designed for studying the thermal decomposition of tertiary-butyl-arsine (TBA), t-C4H9AsH2, a very promising precursor for MOVPE of GaAs films. Two-dimensional finite element simulations of transport phenomena and kinetics have been used to identify optimal operating conditions. An experimental system was constructed and capillary-sampled mass spectroscopy at the stagnation plane was used to study the thermal decomposition of TBA in nitrogen at a total pressure of 252 Torr. Gas-chromatography of the effluent gas stream was employed for positive identification of the hydrocarbon byproducts. The results indicate the existence of two major decomposition routes: (1) A low activation energy pathway producing isobutane AsH, and (2) a higher activation energy, β-hydride elimination pathway producing isobutene and arsine.
Performance analysis of javascript injection detection techniques

JavaScript injection is inserting unwanted JavaScript into Web pages with the intent on violating the security and privacy standards of the Web pages. There are a number of techniques that have been developed for the detection and prevention of JavaScript injection, and all have performance costs. While the performance issues of the JavaScript injection detection techniques have been mainly studied in running systems, we propose a simulation approach using UML SPT and JavaSim. The new approach not only reduces the cost for such analysis but also provides a framework for modeling injection detection techniques and analyzing the performance implications of design decisions.
Characterizing Tukey ℎ and ℎℎ-Distributions through -Moments and the -Correlation

This paper introduces the Tukey family of symmetric ℎ and asymmetric ℎℎ-distributions in the contexts of univariate 𝐿-moments and the 𝐿-correlation. Included is the development of a procedure for specifying nonnormal distributions with controlled degrees of 𝐿-skew, 𝐿-kurtosis, and 𝐿-correlations. The procedure can be applied in a variety of settings such as modeling events (e.g., risk analysis, extreme events) and Monte Carlo or simulation studies. Further, it is demonstrated that estimates of 𝐿-skew, 𝐿-kurtosis, and 𝐿-correlation are substantially superior to conventional product-moment estimates of skew, kurtosis, and Pearson correlation in terms of both relative bias and efficiency when heavy-tailed distributions are of concern.
Optimal designs for comparisons between two sets of treatments

Abstract : Suppose v treatments are to be compared in b blocks of size k each. Also suppose that the treatments are divided into 2 sets of u and w = v - u treatments. A-optimal designs are obtained for estimating all the differences of two treatments, one from each set. Optimal row-column designs are also obtained. Some new optimal designs for comparing several treatments with a single control are obtained as special cases. Key words include: A-optimal designs, block designs, row-column designs, comparisons between two sets of treatments, control-treatment comparisons, several controls. (Author)
A Scatter-Search-Based Learning Algorithm for Neural Network Training

In this article, we propose a new scatter-search-based learning algorithm to train feed-forward neural networks. The algorithm also incorporates elements of tabu search. We describe the elements of the new approach and test the new learning algorithm on a series of classification problems. The test results demonstrate that the algorithm is significantly superior to several implementations of back-propagation.
A diffusion model of cross-shelf exchange of nutrients in the southeastern Bering Sea

Abstract A diffusion model has been used to estimate the spring cross-shelf flux of nitrate and its rate of biological uptake in the southeastern Bering Sea during 1976 to 1979. Vertical fine structure of temperature and salinity and a cross-shelf salt balance were used to estimate eddy coefficients in the diffusive fluxes of nitrate. A combination of the computed physical resupply of nitrate and its observed local time rate of change was then used to predict the rate of nitrate utilization by phytoplankton. Agreement of this model with independent 15 N estimates of formation of phytoplankton particulate nitrogen allowed further analysis of the possible fate of the spring bloom in the outer shelf of the Bering Sea. A comparison of the utilization of spring phytoplankton production is made at the same isobath and similar latitude of the Bering and North seas.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase Fcp1: distributive mechanism, minimal CTD substrate, and active site mapping.

Abstract Schizosaccharomyces pombe Fcp1 is an essential protein serine phosphatase that preferentially dephosphorylates Ser2 of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) heptad repeat Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7. Here we show that: (i) Fcp1 acts distributively during the hydrolysis of substrates containing tandem Ser2-PO4 heptads; (ii) the minimal optimal CTD substrate for Fcp1 is a single heptad of phasing S5P6S7Y1S2P3T4; and (iii) single alanine mutations of flanking residues Tyr1 or Pro3 result in 6-fold decrements in CTD phosphatase activity. Fcp1 belongs to the DXDX(T/V) family of phosphotransferases that act via an acyl-phosphoenzyme intermediate. An alanine scan of 11 conserved positions of S. pombe Fcp1 identifies Thr174, Tyr237, Thr243, and Tyr249 as important for phosphatase activity. Structure-activity relationships at these positions were determined by introducing conservative substitutions. Our results, together with previous mutational studies, highlight a constellation of 11 amino acids that are conserved in all Fcp1 orthologs and likely comprise the active site.
Generational preferences for work environment fit: effects on employee outcomes

Purpose – The examination of generational differences is an important area of inquiry for management research. Firms must recognize the influence of the values and work preferences of the next generation on organizational outcomes in order both to retain staff and to groom future leaders. It is proposed to examine the theory that firms' lack of success at employee retention may be impacted by the extent to which they understand and address generational differences in values, goals, and preferences.Design/methodology/approach – This study used survey methodology to examine generational and gender differences amongst the work environment preferences of 234 accountants in accounting firms.Findings – The results indicated the importance of goal orientation and system work environment fit for younger generation workers on satisfaction and intention to remain; and relationship fit on the satisfaction of Baby Boomers. Baby Boomers also experienced higher levels of overall satisfaction than younger generation emp...
The role of K-ras gene mutation in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines.

Pancreatic ductal and lung adenocarcinomas are the most common and prevalent types of human neoplasms with a greater than 80% mortality rate. The poor prognosis of both these cancers are likely due to the absence of valid approaches for early detection, the frequency of its metastases at the time of diagnosis, frequent recurrence after surgery, and poor responsiveness to chemotherapy. Most notably, the early development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and lung lesions is suggested to be the result of a mutation in the K-ras (G12D) oncogene. Tumor necrosis factor-related-apoptosis-inducing-ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to have great potential for the treatment of most human tumor cells, while leaving normal cells unharmed. However, some cancers show resistance to TRAIL treatment, leaving a gap in the understanding of its exact etiology. TRAIL-induced resistance to cell death was investigated in pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines. Cell survival was determined by SRB and apoptosis by ELISA-based cell death assay. Activation of bid and caspases were evaluated by Western blotting. Our study demonstrated that TRAIL significantly suppressed cell survival, by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, in the pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 (wild type G12) and lung cancer A549 (G12S) cell lines. In contrast, Panc-1 pancreatic and SK-LU-1 lung cancer cell lines, which have a mutated (G12D) K-ras genotype, were resistant to the actions of TRAIL. This study demonstrates an association between TRAIL resistance to apoptosis in human pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines and G12D K-ras12 mutation.
Investigation of Local Stability Transitions in the Spectral Delay Space and Delay Space

The stability boundaries of LTI time-delayed systems with respect to the delays are studied in two different domains: (i) delay space (DS) and (ii) spectral delay space (SDS), which contains pointwise frequency information as well as the delay. SDS is the preferred domain due to its advantageous boundedness properties and simple construct of stability transition boundaries. These transitions at the mentioned boundaries, however, present some conceptual challenges in SDS. This transition property enables us to extract the corresponding local stability variation properties in the DS, while it does not have any implication in the preferred SDS. The novel aspect of the investigation is to introduce a comparison mechanism between these two domains, DS and SDS, from the stability transition perspective. Interestingly, we are able to prove their equivalency, which provides complementary insight to the parametric stability variations. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4027171]
Stress distribution, crack shape and energy for a penny-shaped crack in a plate of finite thickness

Abstract The shape of a penny-shaped crack located at the center of an elastic plate of finite thickness is related to the arbitrary axisymmetrical internal pressures applied to the crack surfaces in the form of a Fredholm integral equation, without using the methods of dual-integral equations. General expressions for the stresses in the plane containing the crack are written as the sums of the associated infinite solid stresses and the integrals accounting for the effect of plate thickness. The crack shape due to uniform crack pressures and the fracture criterion for brittle plates subjected to uniform stresses are obtained for various plate thicknesses. Using the finite stress condition, general methods for determining the radii of the plastic zone are described for ideally elastic-plastic materials. The normal stress is shown to be continuous and finite at the outer circle of the plastic zone. The crack shape and the rate of the plastic energy dissipation are calculated for various values of plate thickness and crack pressure.
Implications of program properties for efficient storage and compilation

The aim of this article is to present a simple encoding technique that can be profitably utilized in program storage. Among the benefits of an editor that utilizes such an encoding is the reduced costs in lexical analysis stages of software tools, such as language translators and pretty printers. Based on the analysis of a set of PASCAL programs, the possible benefits in storage and compilation are analyzed. © 1987 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recurrent "traumatic" bone cysts of the mandible.

Abstract An unusual case of several recurrences of multiple and bilateral “idiopathic, traumatic, hemorrhagic” bone cysts in the same patient, with long-term follow-up, is presented. The etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic bone cysts are discussed. It is recommended that patients be followed for a longer period of time after treatment.
Morphological study of crystals formed in films obtained by evaporation and deposition of polyethylene

From thin films produced by vacuum evaporation and condensation of polyethylene, single crystals were grown by subsequent heat treatment of the films in xylene. Extended molecular chains composing the crystals are approximately 150 A in length, i.e., about 1.5 times the thickness of the crystal layers. Electron microscopic examination of the crystals revealed that they were morphologically similar to ordinary polyethylene and paraffin single-crystals, e.g., they sometimes exhibited a hollow pyramidal shape or typical spiral growth.
Growth Chemistry of Ultrathin Silicon Nitride and Oxynitride Passivation Layers on Si(100)

We have studied the thermal growth chemistry and bonding structure of three promising ultrathin (5–20A), nitrogen rich passivation layers on Si(100), namely-Si3N4, NO/Si(100) grown oxynitride and NO annealed SiO2. These films are intended to serve as substrates with excellent diffusion barrier/interface properties during deposition of high- K dielectrics such as Ta2O5, with tSiO2 equivalent <30A for ULSI applications. In this paper we show that it is possible to form films with a tailored composition and nitrogen profile using techniques that can easily be integrated with existing silicon processing technology. Alternating growth and surface analysis by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is used to non destructively characterize the growth.
Using Interactive Computer Technology to Enhance Learning

We assessed the effects of using LearnStar™, an interactive, computer-based teaching tool, as an in-class exam review method. Students with higher LearnStar review scores had higher grades. Furthermore, students' satisfaction ratings indicated that LearnStar reviews were more enjoyable and conducive to participation than traditional reviews. However, students who reviewed using LearnStar did not have significantly higher exam scores or coursegrades compared to students who had traditional reviews. Future research directions include measuring different aspects of students' engagement in courses and examining the effects of using tools such as LearnStar for other in-class activities such as brief quizzes or polls.
Author/Audience Interaction in the Preschool: The Role of Social Interaction in Literacy Learning:

This study investigated the role of social interaction in the literacy learning of twenty-one 3- and 4-year-olds. Over a period of 8 months, data were collected at a classroom writing center using the ethnographic techniques of participant/o bservation, field notes, collection of written texts, audio and video tape. Patterns in the data indicated that author/audience conversation occurring as children completed self-selected literacy activities encouraged them to (a) activate, confirm/disconfirm, and revise their existing hypotheses about literacy; (b) form new literacy knowledge; (c) become audiences for their own texts; (d) internalize the audience's perspective and use this information to plan texts for absent audiences; (e) experience literacy activities beyond their independent abilities; and (f) with their teachers, build shared understandings about literacy. Overall, the findings indicate that children's self-selected literacy activities are rich contexts for literacy learning, and that social interaction, as part of these events, provides the predictable context and motivation for literacy learning, as well as influencing the kinds of literacy strategies children internalize and use independently.
A THEOREM ON MINIMAL DEGREES

In their original paper on degrees [3], Kleene and Post showed that there is a degree between 0 and 0'. Later, Friedberg [1] and Muchnik [4] showed that there is a recursively enumerable degree between 0 and 0'. Since then, this phenomenon has been repeated several times: a result has been proved for degrees, and then, after considerable additional effort, it has been proved for recursively enumerable degrees. There are some obvious respects in which that set of all degrees differs from the set of recursively enumerable degrees; e.g., the former is uncountable and has no largest member. The resemblance between the set of degrees < 0' and the set of recursively enumerable degrees is much closer. It is not entirely trivial to prove that these sets are distinct; and it is quite difficult to find properties which are possessed by one of these sets and not by the other. The best known such property is the following: there are minimal degrees ? 0' (according to Sacks [6, p. 137] and Lacombe (unpublished)); but there are no minimal recursively enumerable degrees (according to Muchnik [5] and Friedberg [2]). We shall give another such property. Yates [7] has recently shown that there is a recursively enumerable degree a # 0' such that a n b # 0 for every recursively enumerable degree b # 0. We shall show that if a is a degree such that a < 0', then there is a degree b such that 0 < b < 0' and a n b = 0. (This answers (Q2) on page 171 of [6].) This follows at once from the following theorem. THEOREM. If a < 0', then there is a minimal degree b such that b < O' and b ffi a. It has been customary to present proofs of theorems on degrees in the symbolism of recursive function theory. While this facilitates complete proofs, it sometimes obscures the fundamental ideas. We shall attempt to avoid this symbolism, appealing to Church's thesis as a substitute when necessary. We need some preliminary definitions. By a sequence, we shall mean a finite (possibly empty) sequence of zeroes and ones; the number of elements in the sequence is called the length of the sequence. We use a and for sequences. If T is obtained from a by adding (possibly zero) elements at the end, we say that Xis an extension of v. We then designate a by T, where n is the length of a. If T is an extension of a different from a, we say that T is a proper extension of a. We say a and T are compatible if one
Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation reduces bone loss and fracture incidence in older men and women.

A recent supplementation study of 389 men and women over the age of 65 years was conducted to address the impact of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on nonvertebral fracture incidence and maintenance of bone mass. Daily supplementation with 500 mg calcium and 700 IU vitamin D for 3 years moderately reduced bone loss at several sites and significantly decreased the rate of nonvertebral fractures, compared with a placebo group. Optimal intake of both calcium and vitamin D may be an easily implemented strategy to maintain existing bone mass and reduce the risk of fracture in older men and women.
Steady-state analysis and design of a buck zero-current-switching resonant DC/DC converter

An analytic basis is provided for a buck high-efficiency high-frequency zero-current-switching resonant DC/DC power converter. The current and voltage waveforms are derived for the steady-state operation. Design equations are then introduced for the switch duty cycle, maximum switching frequency, DC transfer function, peak currents and voltages, output power, and power conversion capability. Finally, the design procedure is presented along with the advantages and disadvantages of the converter, which are discussed in detail. >
Adaptive control of Markov chains with average cost

We present an adaptive control scheme for the control of Markov chains to minimize long-run average cost when the system transition and reward structures are unknown. Q-factors are estimated along a single sample path of the system and control actions are applied based on the latest estimates. We prove that an optimal policy is obtained asymptotically with probability one. More importantly, we prove that optimal system performance is achieved as well, which means that the performance of the system can not be bettered even if the system transition and reward structures are known. An example is given to illustrate our adaptive control scheme.
TeraNets: ultra-broadband communication networks in the terahertz band

Terahertz Band communication is envisioned as a key technology to satisfy the data rate requirements of future wireless communication networks, and enable new applications both in classical networking domains as well as in novel nanoscale communication paradigms. Major recent advancements in THz Band technologies are helping to finally close the so called THz Gap and bring practical THz Band communication networks one step closer. This paper surveys the state of the art in THz Band device technologies, and highlights the challenges and potential solutions from the communication and networking perspective as well as in terms of experimental testbeds. Ultimately, a roadmap is defined for the development of THz Band systems as the new frontier in wireless communications.
High tidal volume mechanical ventilation with hyperoxia alters alveolar type II cell adhesion

Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing mechanical ventilation may be exposed to both high levels of stretch and high levels of oxygen. We hypothesized that the combination of ...
Memory impairment during prolonged training in mice given inhibitors of cerebral protein synthesis.

Abstract When mice were given prolonged discrimination training to escape shock in an automated apparatus shortly after subcutaneous administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CXM), acquisition was normal during the initial (15–21) trials. Beyond this point, however, mice given CXM did not continue to improve as rapidly as mice given saline. Similar results were found when training occurred 4 h after intracerebral injection of CXM or puromycin. In contrast, isoCXM which depresses activity like CXM but does not inhibit cerebral protein synthesis had no effect on acquisition. Studies of the effects of different doses of CXM on activity, cerebral protein synthesis, the acquisition effect, and memory 24 h after brief training tended to associate the acquisition effect with inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis rather than to side effects of CXM. The results suggest that impairment in learning observed a few minutes after the beginning of prolonged training is due to inhibition of protein synthesis. Expression of normal memory may depend on cerebral protein synthesis within minutes after the beginning of training.
The precession and nutation of deformable bodies.

In a previous paper of this series (Kopal, 1968a) the Eulerian equations have been set up which govern the precession and nutation of selfgravitating bodies of viscous fluid in inertial coordinates which are at rest in space. In order to facilitate their solution, in the present investigation we shall transform these equations to the rotating body-axes; and shall explicitly evaluate all their coefficients arising as a result of second-harmonic dynamical tides.
Progesterone induction of the uterine milk proteins: major secretory proteins of sheep endometrium.

Progesterone induction oft/se uterine milk proteins (UTMP), the major secretory products of the ovine uterus during pregnancy, was studied in ovariectomized ewes given physiological levels of progesterone for 0,2, 6, 14, or 30 days. Western blotting of uterine flushes and of endometrial explant culture med#{252}sm, endometrial RNA analyses on dot and Northern blots, and imnzunocytochemistry performed on uterine tissue sections demonstrated the presence of low levels of UTMP mRNA and UTMP protein after 6 days of progesterone therapy, and increasing levels of UTMP production and secretion after 14 days. Highest activity was observed at Day 30. The induction of the (JTMPprogressedfrom small amounts of antigen present in the supranuclear region of afew epithelial cells in deep and middle-depth regions of uterine glands in the Day 6 progesterone-treatment group to large amounts detected in epithelial cells spread throughout the length of the glands in later groups. UTMP production was also identWed in the uteri of intact ewes at Day 16 (but no: earlier) of the estrous cycle and during early pregnancy (Days 14 to 22). Production ofa protein similar to the (JTMP was also noted in the uterus of a pregnant cow. The UTMP provide a good model of a progesterone-responsive secretory protein in a mammal whose synthesis is increased gradually over a period of weeks.
Secondary tumors of the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: a 10-year experience.

Determining whether a pancreatic mass is a primary or secondary neoplasm is necessary for appropriate treatment. We reviewed our experience using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for diagnosis of pancreatic tumors to identify clinical and cytopathologic characteristics of metastatic disease. We reviewed all cases of tumors metastatic to the pancreas evaluated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas during the period from 2002 to 2012. The review included cytologic specimens, clinical history, radiologic findings, primary tumor type, and clinical follow-up. We identified 66 patients with disease metastatic to the pancreas for which cytologic material was available: 38 (58%) men and 28 (42%) women, with an average age of 63 years (range, 40–89 years). Most metastases (98%) were single lesions, and nearly half were located in the head of the pancreas (30/66). The most common site of origin for these metastases was kidney (27 [41%] cases). Follow-up information was available for 65 (98%) patients, and duration of follow-up ranged from <1 to 10 years (mean, 2.3 years). Thirty-three patients (50%) were alive at the time of the most recent follow-up contact. Of the 25 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type, 19 (76%) were alive at the time of the most recent follow-up. It was concluded that metastases may mimic primary pancreatic carcinomas both clinically and cytologically. Ancillary studies in conjunction with clinical history are necessary for the accurate diagnosis of FNAs of secondary pancreatic tumors. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:738–743. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pyrene fate affected by humic acid amendment in soil slurry systems.

Humic acid (HA) has been found to affect the solubility, mineralization, and bound residue formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, most of the studies on the interaction between HA and PAH concentrated on one or two of the three phases. Few studies have provided a simple protocol to demonstrate the overall effects of HA on PAH distribution in soil systems for all three phases. In this study, three doses of standard Elliott soil HA (ESHA), 15, 187.5, and 1,875 μg ESHA/g soil slurry, were amended to soil slurry systems. 14C-pyrene was added to the systems along with non-radiolabeled pyrene; 14C and 14CO2 were monitored for each system for a period of 120 days. The highest amendment dose significantly increased the 14C fraction in the aqueous phase within 24 h, but not after that time. Pyrene mineralization was significantly inhibited by the highest dose over the 120-day study. While organic solvent extractable 14C decreased with time in all systems, non-extractable or bound 14C was significantly enhanced with the highest dose of ESHA addition. Amendment of the highest dose of ESHA to pyrene contaminated soil was observed to have two major functions. The first was to mitigate CO2 production significantly by reducing 14CO2 from 14C pyrene mineralization. The second was to significantly increase stable bound 14C formation, which may serve as a remediation end point. Overall, this study demonstrated a practical approach for decontamination of PAH contaminated soil. This approach may be applicable to other organic contaminated environments where active bioremediation is taking place.
XMem: type-safe, transparent, shared memory for cross-runtime communication and coordination

Developers commonly build contemporary enterprise applications using type-safe, component-based platforms, such as J2EE, and architect them to comprise multiple tiers, such as a web container, application server, and database engine. Administrators increasingly execute each tier in its own managed runtime environment (MRE) to improve reliability and to manage system complexity through the fault containment and modularity offered by isolated MRE instances. Such isolation, however, necessitates expensive cross-tier communication based on protocols such as object serialization and remote procedure calls. Administrators commonly co-locate communicating MREs on a single host to reduce communication overhead and to better exploit increasing numbers of available processing cores. However, state-of-the-art MREs offer no support for more efficient communication between co-located MREs, while fast inter-process communication mechanisms, such as shared memory, are widely available as a standard operating system service on most modern platforms.To address this growing need, we present the design and implementation of XMem ? type-safe, transparent, shared memory support for co-located MREs. XMem guarantees type-safety through coordinated, parallel, multi-process class loading and garbage collection. To avoid introducing any level of indirection, XMem manipulates virtual memory mapping. In addition, object sharing in XMem is fully transparent: shared objects are identical to local objects in terms of field access, synchronization, garbage collection, and method invocation, with the only difference being that sharedto-private pointers are disallowed. XMem facilitates easy integration and use by existing communication technologies and software systems, such as RMI, JNDI, JDBC, serialization/XML, and network sockets.We have implemented XMem in the open-source, productionquality HotSpot Java Virtual Machine. Our experimental evaluation, based on core communication technologies underlying J2EE, as well as using open-source server applications, indicates that XMem significantly improves throughput and response time by avoiding the overheads imposed by object serialization and network communication.
Design and design centers in engineering education

This paper is intended to be the opening salvo of the workshop, Computing Futures in Engineering Design (Dym, 1997). Thus, I want to take this privileged moment to ask you to think with me about the role of design in engineering. In particular, I want to reflect upon how design is articulated and how design is taught; about the role of design in engineering education and in the practice of engineering; and about the role that could be played locally and, perhaps, nationally by a center devoted to design education. Because I teach here at Harvey Mudd College (HMC), and because most of you are visitors, I will place my remarks in our context by telling you about what we do here and how that doing has shaped my thinking.
Inflammatory Lesions and Lymphoma

Thyroiditis comprises a diverse group of inflammatory thyroid lesions and is one of the most common endocrine disorders in clinical practice. The most frequently encountered form is chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto thyroiditis), first described in 1912, and a major cause of goiter and hypothyroidism in the United States. Clinically, patients are typically young to middle-aged women who present with a moderately enlarged nodular thyroid that is nontender. Approximately 90% of patients have high circulating antibody titers to thyroid peroxidase and, to a lesser extent, to thyroglobulin. Hashimoto thyroiditis is an auto-immune disorder that is thought to be caused by a derangement of suppressor T lymphocytes. Possible contributing factors to this disease include genetic associations with HLA-DR3, HLA-DR5, and HLA-B8; viral and infectious factors have also been proposed. Approximately 10% of cases are the fibrosing variant of Hashimoto thyroiditis that presents as severe hypothyroidism in elderly patients. Individuals with Hashimoto thyroiditis have a significantly increased relative risk of developing malignant lymphoma, and data suggest that there is also an increased risk of papillary carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is most often used to evaluate Hashimoto thyroiditis when a dominant nodule is present. Together with confirmatory antibody studies, FNA is an accurate means of diagnosing chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.
Adaptive Contact Strategies in Telephone and Face-to-Face Surveys

In attempting to contact households for a survey, it is necessary to determine the timing of each call. Often, average "best" times to call are used in order to determine when to place the first call(s). The timing of subsequent calls is then governed by very general rules. This paper tests an experimental method that uses multi-level models to predict the times that have the highest probability of contact for each household and uses the predictions from these models to prioritize cases for calling. The predictions are updated each day in real-time as additional data are gathered. The method is evaluated through a series of experiments on a telephone survey that used automated call scheduling and an experiment on a face-to-face survey, where a recommended calling time was delivered to interviewers. The results of these experiments are used to suggest directions for future research.
Variations on the Acquired Nevi

Common variations seen in a nevus include neurotization and halo phenomenon. Other less common presentations are desmoplastic nevus, balloon cell nevus, halo nevus, dermal nevus with fatty infiltration, nevus with ossification, Meyerson’s (inflamed) nevus, recurrent nevus, nevus with trichostasis spinulosa, nevus with pseudovascular change, nevus with myxoid change, and combined nevus.
Profitably Stuck in the Middle: Intermediate Quality Positions as Hedges Against Demand Uncertainty

A detailed theoretical model of a three-firm vertical differentiation market with fixed costs of quality yields a strong result: static demand produces higher profits for an extreme position (in particular, the high-quality rival) but a sufficiently large movement of demand (up or down with equal probability) favors the middle competitor. Intermediate quality positions can thus serve as valuable hedges under demand uncertainty, increasing the expected profitability of such positions. The offsetting gains and losses both reduce the variance of intermediate firms' profitability and increase expected profitability through allowing more accurate pricing and positioning decisions (as opposed to the extreme positions, whose strategies must deviate substantially from their static-demand optimal positions and prices, greatly reducing expected profitability.) Both effects improve the attractiveness of investments in such competitors. Consider the US retailing industry as an example: in expansionary times, Nordstrom clearly gains windfall customers at Target's expense, but Target recoups some customers moving up from Wal-Mart. In recessionary markets, the reverse movement occurs; Nordstrom loses (unilaterally) and Wal-Mart clearly gains, but Target is hedged, losing customers to Wal-Mart but recouping customers moving down from Nordstroms. Such a model of explains an empirical anomaly why marketing studies find that intermediate positions are substantially more profitable - and financial studies find that their securities are substantially better investments - than strategy theory might predict.
Efficient Motion-based Task Learning for a Serial Link Manipulator

Generating motions for robot arms in real-world complex tasks requires a combination of approaches to cope with the state-space complexity, task structure, environmental noise, and hardware imperfections. This article presents an efficient framework for adaptive motion task learning on physical hardware that consists of state-space dimensionality reduction with probabilistic roadmaps (PRM), an online reinforcement learning algorithm, and task transfer from simulation to hardware. PRMs are integrated with a learning agent loosely based on human cognition to achieve faster trainings speeds and improve scalability. Task transfer jump starts training on the hardware with knowledge learned in simulation. We demonstrate the framework by applying it to stationary and non-stationary pointing tasks on a 7 degree of freedom Barrett Whole Arm Manipulator (WAM) robot. We show that transfer learning can be used to decrease overall training time for both tasks and the online learner is able to adapt to changing tasks.
Early Literacy Skills and English Language Learners: an Analysis of Students In A Title I School

This article examined student literacy assessments in light of students' levels of English language proficiency. The study supported the hypotheses that a student's level of language proficiency positively predicted their DIBELS Composite score at the beginning, middle, and end of kindergarten by utilizing a simple linear regression. An ANOVA discovered differences in scores between native English speakers and multiple levels of English Language Learners at the beginning of the school year, whereas no significant differences were found at the end of Kindergarten. Future research analyses regarding the effects of a student's level of language proficiency on literacy assessments are included.
Effect of Growth Induced (Non)Stoichiometry on Interfacial Conductance in LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3

We demonstrate a link between the growth process, the stoichiometry of LaAlO(3), and the interfacial electrical properties of LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) heterointerfaces. Varying the relative La:Al cation stoichiometry by a few atomic percent in films grown at 1×10(-3) Torr results in a 2 and 7 order-of-magnitude change in the 300 and 2 K sheet resistance, respectively, with highly conducting states occurring only in La-deficient or Al-excess films. Further reducing the growth pressure results in an increase of the carrier density and a dramatic change in mobility. We discuss the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic effects in controlling the physical properties of this widely studied system.