cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHAPTER 1 – Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffers

This chapter introduces basic concepts of the properties of water, acids, bases, and buffers in a human body. Water constitutes 45–73% of total human body weight. It is distributed in intracellular (55%) and extracellular (45%) compartments, and provides a continuous solvent phase between body compartments. As the biological solvent, water plays a major role in all aspects of metabolism such as absorption, transport, digestion, and excretion of inorganic and organic substances, as well as maintenance of body temperature. Buffers resist change in pH in solutions when acids or bases are added. They are either a mixture of a weak acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A - ), or a mixture of a weak base (B) and its conjugate acid (HB + ). Despite the fact that large amounts of acidic and basic metabolites are produced and eliminated from the body, buffer systems maintain a fairly constant pH in body fluids. The principal buffers in blood are bicarbonate-carbonic acid in plasma, hemoglobin in red blood cells, and protein functional groups in the both. The normal balance between rates of elimination and production of CO 2 yields a steady-state concentration of CO 2 in the body fluids and a relatively constant pH. Other acids that are products of metabolism are lactic acid, acetoacetic acid, s-hydroxybutyric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. The organic acids such as lactate, acetoacetate, and s-hydroxybutyrate are normally oxidized further to CO 2 and H 2 O. The hydrogen ions and anions contributed by mineral acids and any unmetabolized organic acids are eliminated via the excretory system of the kidneys.
Use of enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, and unfractionated heparin for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after elective hip replacement. A clinical trial comparing efficacy and safety.

ABSTRACTA randomized, parallel-group, open-label clinical trial (the physicians, patients, and staff were not blinded with regard to the regimen that had been used) was conducted, between December 1988 and September 1990, to compare the safety and efficacy of enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight hepar
Control of Mitochondrial Function by Fusion and Fission

Several neurodegenerative diseases are associated with defects in mitochondrial fusion or fission, which are opposing processes that regulate mitochondrial function. This observation raises the issue of whether a defect in one process can be alleviated by simultaneously reducing the opposing process. We used mouse models to address this issue. Mff is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein important for mitochondrial fission. We generated Mff mutant mice and found that they die at 13 weeks due to heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy. Mff cardiac tissue shows reduced mitochondrial density, reduced respiratory chain activity, and increased mitophagy. Mfn1 deficient mice die shortly after birth. However, mice with loss of both Mff and Mfn1 have normal heart function, lifespan and respiratory chain function. The reciprocal rescue with both mutations indicate that retuning mitochondrial dynamics can restore tissue integrity and mitochondrial physiology at the whole organ level.
If You Build It, They Will Come: How to Establish an Academic Innovation Enterprise

The rapid growth of minimally invasive, image-guided intervention has redefined the procedural management of multiple disease entities. The process of innovation which has characterized the growth of interventional radiology can be best described as "needs-based," whereby practicing interventionalists identify unmet clinical needs and subsequently invent solutions to achieve desired technical and clinical outcomes. Historically, catheters and other percutaneous devices were developed with rudimentary manufacturing techniques and subsequently translated to patients with relatively little regulatory oversight. Since then, the resources required and financial costs of interventional technology development have grown exponentially. Fortunately, advances in software development, new methods of rapid prototyping, and commoditization of hardware components have made in-house engineering feasible once again. This has created an opportunity for academic medical centers to translate their research into testable prototypes in humans sooner and at reduced costs, and academic interventional radiology divisions are now leveraging these developments to create collaborative centers of innovation. This article describes five such organizational formats for collaboration and innovation in the academic setting, describing the structure, opportunities, requirements, and caveats of each model.
Critical shear stress for erosion of sand and mud mixtures

ABSTRACTThe critical shear stress for erosion of sand and mud mixtures is theoretically investigated and expressed as a function of the critical shear stresses of pure sand and mud, mud content, and sand diameter. The proposed formula accounts for different structures and behaviours of the mixtures with low and high mud contents. The critical shear stress of pure mud is related to the solid/void volume ratio, and this relation is extended to the mud component in the mixture to consider the effect of compaction. It is found that the mud dry density, not the mixture dry density, is a direct factor affecting the mixture erosion. The developed formula has been calibrated and tested using four sets of experimental data collected from the literature. It reproduces the variations of the critical shear stress and mud dry density well.
Docetaxel Reverses Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling by Decreasing Autophagy and Resolves Right Ventricular Fibrosis

Pulmonary arterial hypertension remains a fatal disease despite the availability of approved vasodilators. Since vascular remodeling contributes to increased pulmonary arterial pressure, new agents that reduce the thickness of pulmonary vascular walls have therapeutic potential. Thus, antitumor agents that are capable of killing cells were investigated. Testing of various antitumor drugs identified that docetaxel is a superior drug for killing proliferating pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells compared with other drugs, including gemcitabine, methotrexate, and ifosfamide. The administration of docetaxel to rats with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension reversed pulmonary vascular remodeling and reduced right ventricular pressure. Docetaxel was found to decrease autophagy as monitored by LC3B-II and p62 expression. The small interfering RNA knockdown of Beclin-1 or LC3B potentiated docetaxel-induced cell death, and knocking down p62 inhibited the docetaxel effects. The suppressed autophagic process is due to the ability of docetaxel to decrease Beclin-1 protein expression in a proteasome-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry identified a novel docetaxel-inducible Beclin-1 binding protein, namely, myosin-9. Knocking down myosin-9 inhibited docetaxel-induced cell death. In damaged right ventricles of pulmonary arterial hypertension rats, docetaxel remarkably promoted the resolution of fibrosis and the regeneration of myocardium. Thus, docetaxel is capable of reversing pulmonary vascular remodeling and resolving right ventricle fibrosis and is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure.
Assessment of Reliability and Validity of SF-12v2 among a Diabetic Population.

Abstract Objectives To validate the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form version 2 (SF-12v2) in diabetic patients. Methods Adults with self-reported diabetes from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2011–2013) were identified. Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and validity (construct, concurrent, criterion, and predictive) of the SF-12v2 were assessed. The SF-12v2 consists of two normalized composite scores: the physical component summary score (PCS12) and the mental component summary score (MCS12). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the instrument structure. Concurrent (convergent and discriminant) validity was assessed by a multitrait-multimethod matrix using the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Kessler Scale, and perceived health and mental health questions. The predictive validity was assessed by estimating future limitations. The concurrent validity was tested by comparing the MCS12, PCS12, and utility scores (six-dimensional health state short form) across comorbidity scores. Results The final sample comprised 2214 diabetic patients with mean normalized (population mean 50; range 0–100) PCS12 and MCS12 scores of 40.81 (standard error 0.33) and 49.82 (standard error 0.26), respectively. The PCS12 and MCS12 scores showed good internal consistency (Cronbach α: PCS12 0.85; MCS12 0.83) and acceptable test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: PCS12 0.72; MCS12 0.63) and produced acceptable goodness-of-fit indices (normed fit index 0.95; comparative fit index 0.95; root mean square error of approximation 0.11 [95% confidence interval 0.1017–0.1188]). The PCS12 and MCS12 were moderately correlated with perceived health and perceived mental health. The MCS12 was highly correlated with the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Kessler Scale. Both the PCS12 and the MCS12 could predict the future health limitations. The PCS12, MCS12, and utility scores demonstrated sensitivity to the presence of comorbidity scores. Conclusions The SF-12v2 is a valid generic instrument for measuring quality of life in diabetic patients.
Cross-layer analysis of optimal relaying strategies for terahertz-band communication networks

Terahertz (THz) band (0.1–10 THz) communication, which is envisioned as one of the key wireless communication technologies of the next decade, exhibits an extremely large bandwidth at the cost of an extremely high path loss. The unique distance-dependent behavior on the available bandwidth in THz communication interrelates all THz properties, and affects the design and performances within and across the physical, link and network layers. More specifically, the limited transmission power, combined with the high path loss, requires the use of directional antennas (DAs). High DAs have a clear impact at the link layer as well as the network layer, where relaying becomes a requirement. In this paper, optimal relaying strategies for THz-band communication networks are investigated. More specifically, a mathematical framework is formulated and used to study the optimal relaying distance that maximizes the network throughput by taking into account the cross-layer effects between the channel, the antenna, and the physical, link and network layers. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the importance of accurate cross-layer design strategies for THz networks.
Auction Design Without Quasilinear Preferences

I analyze private value auction design and assume only that bidders are risk averse and have positive wealth effects (i.e. the good is normal). I show removing the standard quasilinearity restriction leads to qualitatively different solutions to the auction design problem with respect to both efficiency or revenue maximization. On efficiency, I show that probabilistic allocations of the good can Pareto dominate the second price auction; and there is no dominant-strategy mechanism that is both Pareto efficient and individually rationality. On revenue, I construct a probability demand mechanism with greater expected revenues than standard auctions when there are sufficiently many bidders. In addition, I take a new approach to studying bid behavior when types are multidimensional. Instead of characterizing bidder's interim incentive constraints, I place bounds on their bids, and I show that these bounds are sufficient for obtaining revenue comparisons.
Circulation of Geldart D type particles: Part II—Low solids fluxes: Measurements and computation under dilute conditions

Abstract In Part I of this paper, solids slugging phenomena were studied for high solids fluxes. In this study, the solids slugging was eliminated for extremely low solids fluxes. Here, gamma ray densitometry and PIV techniques were used to measure radially averaged solids volume fractions, and solids laminar and turbulent properties near the wall, respectively. The PIV system measured turbulent properties for solids, such as stresses, granular temperatures, and dispersion coefficients, non-invasively near the wall, in the developing region. This study was the first known measurement of solids dispersion coefficients in the axial and radial directions, using the PIV technique. A two-dimensional kinetic theory based IIT CFD code was used to perform simulations. The measured and computed radially averaged total granular temperatures, axial and radial solids and axial gas dispersion coefficients, reasonably agreed with the literature. This study also showed the capabilities of the kinetic theory based CFD codes to reasonably match the solids dispersion coefficients measured using the PIV technique.
Widening Numerical Intensive Computing (NIC) Perspective — Shorten the Development Cycle

Numerical intensive computing (NIC) is born in the 1970ies, with the arrival of supercomputers. NIC had been used before (with IBM being an active partner). But the dramatic oil situation during the 1970ies, generating a worlwide economic crisis, settled a situation driving to an extremely fast development of NIC. Competition became much stronger than before, and companies had to develop new strategies to meet it. A fundamental trend in these new strategies consists in all the component enabling companies to be highly reactive to any competitor initiative. A way to be reactive consists in issuing as soon as possible (sooner than the competitor if possible) new performing products (more performing than the competitor’s). Meeting this requirement implies two items, which end in making NIC a strategic weapon in the economic war: shorten new products development cycle optimise new products as much as possible Reaching these objectives means developping new methodologies (which cycle components have to be acted upon, how should this be done, how?), and new organisations to implement these methodologies (how to organize people involved in product development).
Institutional factors of nursing homes that predict the provision of mental health services

This article explores the likelihood of the provision of mental health services in a nursing home as a function of the home’s institutional factors. Data from the Institutional Population Component of the National Medical Expenditure Survey were used, and a modified model of equilibrium quality and price in a multivariate logistic framework is employed. The results indicate that meeting the demands for active mental health treatment, as mandated by the Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987, may be more difficult in those institutions that are part of a chain, are small, or contain Medicaid skilled nursing facility beds.
The Influence of Cytoplast-to-Cell Ratio on Cybrid Formation

Fusions in which one of the partners is a cytoplasmic fragment of a cell, or cytoplast, have been extensively used in recent years to investigate a variety of problems in biology. For example, cytoplasmic inheritance can be observed. Properties of a cell that can be transferred and maintained through its cytoplasm to a recipient cell are presumed to be controlled by cytoplasmic hereditary factors. Thus, cytoplasmic transfer of chloramphenicol (CAP) resistance in mouse and human cells suggested that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) controlled CAP resistance (Bunn et al., 1974; Wallace et al., 1975), and this suggestion has proved correct (Clark and Shay, 1980; Blanc et al., 1981). Similarly, the cytoplasmic transfer of murine intracisternal A particles (Malech and Wivel, 1976) and of microtubule-organizing centers (Shay et al., 1978) suggest at least a partial replicative autonomy for these particles.
Random intertemporal choice

Abstract We provide a theory of random intertemporal choice. Agents exhibit stochastic choice over consumption due to preference shocks to discounting attitudes. We first demonstrate how the distribution of these preference shocks can be uniquely identified from random choice data. We then provide axiomatic characterizations of some common random discounting models, including exponential and quasi-hyperbolic discounting. In particular, we show how testing for exponential discounting under stochastic choice involves checking for both a stochastic version of stationarity and a novel axiom characterizing decreasing impatience.
Yield response to climate, management, and genotype: a large-scale observational analysis to identify climate-adaptive crop management practices in high-input maize systems

Sustaining food security under climate conditions expected for the 21st century will require that existing crop production systems simultaneously increase both productivity and resiliency to warmer and more variable climate conditions. In this study, we analyzed observational rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) yield data from major maize production areas of the US Corn Belt. These data included detailed information on crop management and genetics not typically available in observational studies, allowing us to better understand maize yield response to climate under variable management. Spatial variability in management variables across the study domain is coincident with spatial climate gradients. Regularized global and geographically weighted regression models were used to explore maize yield response to climate, management, genetics, and their interactions, while accounting for collinearity among them associated with corresponding scales of spatial variability. In contrast with recent analyses suggesting increased susceptibility to drought stress under higher plant populations in maize production, our analyses indicated that under moisture limitation, higher yields were achieved when high planting rates were coupled with delayed planting date. Maize genetic families that performed best with adequate moisture saw greater yield penalties under moisture limited conditions, while positive response to increased radiation was consistent among family lines. The magnitude of yield response to climate, management, and their interactions was also variable across the study domain, suggesting that information on crop management in spatial yield data can be used to better tailor local management practices to changes in yield potential resulting from agronomic advancements and changing local climate.
Pathogenesis of NASH: the Impact of Multiple Pathways

Advancing our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie NASH pathogenesis. Recent findings on NASH pathogenesis have expanded our understanding of its complexity including (1) there are multiple parallel hits that lead to NASH; (2) the microbiota play an important role in pathogenesis, with bacterial species recently shown to accurately differentiate between NAFL and NASH patients; (3) the main drivers of liver cell injury are lipotoxicity caused by free fatty acids (FFAs) and their derivatives combined with mitochondrial dysfunction; (4) decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) efficiency with increased demand for protein synthesis/folding/repair results in ER stress, protracted unfolded protein response, and apoptosis; (5) upregulated proteins involved in multiple pathways including JNK, CHOP, PERK, BH3-only proteins, and caspases result in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis; and (6) subtypes of NASH in which these pathophysiological pathways vary may require patient subtype identification to choose effective therapy. Recent pathogenesis studies may lead to important therapeutic advances, already seen in patients treated with ACC, ASK1 and SCD1 inhibitors, and FXR agonists. Further, advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying NASH pathogenesis and the complex interplay between them will be crucial for developing effective therapies.
High-Resolution, High-Aspect-Ratio Printed and Plated Metal Conductors Utilizing Roll-to-Roll Microscale UV Imprinting with Prototype Imprinting Stamps

Micron-scale, high-aspect-ratio features were imprinted by a roll-to-roll process into a UV-curable polymer and used to create high-current-carrying conductive networks on plastic substrates. A stamp fabrication method was developed to create low-cost, rapidly produced roll-to-roll imprinting stamps, which can mold features from 3 μm to 1 mm wide. Isolated raised features 50 μm high were molded from a 25-μm-thick layer of UV-curable resin by displacing resin into raised features in the stamp. Substrates with imprinted capillary channels were used to form electrical conductors by printing a silver ink into reservoirs connected to the channels and allowing capillary flow to coat the channel. Copper electroless plating then filled the channels. The conductors demonstrate high resolution, high aspect ratio (∼5:1 height:width), low resistance per length, and easy integration into networks. This roll-to-roll imprinting process provides a foundation for high-throughput manufacturing of high-resolution printed el...
Synthesis and Anisotropic Electrocatalytic Activity of Covellite Nanoplatelets with Fixed Thickness and Tunable Diameter.

Size- and shape-dependent electrochemical activity of nanostructures reveals relationships between nanostructure design and electrochemical performance. However, electrochemical performance of aspect-ratio-tunable quasi-two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with anisotropic properties has not been fully investigated. We prepared monodispersed hexagonal covellite (CuS) nanoplatelets (NPls) of fixed thickness (∼2 nm) but broadly tunable diameter (from 8 to >100 nm). These span a range of aspect ratios, from ∼4 to >50, connecting quasi-isotropic and quasi-2D regimes. Tests of electrochemical activity of the NPls for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution showed improved activity with increasing diameter. Combining experimental results with density functional theory calculations, we attribute size-dependent enhancement to anisotropy of conductivity and electrochemical activity. The lowest computed oxygen adsorption energy was on Cu sites exposed by cleaving covellite along (001) planes through tetrah...
Autophagy Quantification and STAT3 Expression in a Human Skin Organ Culture Model for Innate Immunity to Herpes Zoster

The goal of this project was to document the autophagy response in human neonatal skin organ culture (SOC) after infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The VZV-infected SOC model has attributes of herpes zoster, in that an injection of virus into the skin is analogous to exit of virus from the sensory nerve termini into skin during herpes zoster. Cultures were maintained for 28 days and periodically examined for an autophagy response by quantitation of autophagosomes with Imaris software. Expression of the STAT3 protein was plentiful in the VZV-infected SOC. Abundant autophagy was observed in VZV-infected SOC between 14 and 28 days after infection, while autophagy in mock-infected SOC was minimal (p = 0.0003). The autophagic response after infection of SOC with a recombinant VZV genome containing the herpes simplex virus ICP34.5 neurovirulence gene was similar to wild-type VZV (p = 0.3). These results suggested that the VZV-infected SOC system resembled biopsy data from herpes zoster infection of skin. An enhanced autophagy response has now been reported after infection with two additional alpha herpesviruses besides VZV, namely, pseudorabies virus and duck enteritis herpes virus; both lack the ICP34.5 protein.
Clinical evidence that treatment of metabolic acidosis slows the progression of chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of reviewWe review the growing clinical evidence that metabolic acidosis mediates chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and that treatment to increase the associated low serum bicarbonate (HCO3) in CKD is disease-modifying.Recent findingsSeven prospective studies of patients with wide ran
The Ground of Covenant Community and the Righteous Scandal of Christian Love for the World

The Ground of Covenant Community lies in the Righteous Scandal of Christian Love for the World. And Jesus is the Most Supreme Scandal to which Christians owe their devotion, that is, their active f...
Effects of MnO2 of different structures on activation of peroxymonosulfate for bisphenol A degradation under acidic conditions

Abstract MnO2 with various structures, including three tunnel structures (α-, β-, γ-MnO2) and a layered structure (δ-MnO2), were synthesized and investigated for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The effects of different structured MnO2 on PMS activation in contaminant degradation, as quantified by the pseudo-first order rate constants of bisphenol A (BPA) oxidation, followed the order: α-MnO2 > γ-MnO2 > β-MnO2 > δ-MnO2. Results showed that under acidic conditions, BPA was degraded by both catalytic oxidation by PMS-MnO2 and direct oxidation by MnO2, and the relative importance of the two mechanisms differed for different MnO2. The direct oxidation accounted for 25.2, 7.4, 34.1, and 94.5% of the total reactivity of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-MnO2, respectively. Physicochemical properties of MnO2 including crystal structure, morphology, surface Mn oxidation states, surface area, oxygen species and conductivity were characterized and correlated with the catalytic reactivity. The results demonstrated that the crystallinity of MnO2 was the dominant factor in the catalytic reactivity, resulting in the lowest reactivity for the least crystalline δ-MnO2. For the crystalline MnO2, the catalytic reactivity linearly correlated with Mn average oxidation state, Mn(III) content, and conductivity. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching experiments with ethanol and tert-butanol suggested that sulfate radicals (SO4 −) were the dominant radicals in the systems, while hydroxyl radicals ( OH) played a minor role. In addition, nonradical mechanisms such as singlet oxygen (1O2) also contributed to the BPA degradation, especially when δ-MnO2 was the catalyst. These findings offered new insights into the contaminant degradation mechanisms in PMS-MnO2 and provided guidance to develop cost-effective catalysts for water/wastewater treatment.
Influence of Vegetation Characteristics at and Near Nests on Female Prairie Vole (Microtus ochrogaster) Survival and Reproductive Success

Habitat features associated with nest locations can affect survival and reproductive success of individuals living at particular nest sites. In this study we analyzed vegetation associated with nests of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), living in 0.1 ha outdoor enclosures, and found they differed from plants at randomly selected locations. Although vegetation changed during the 15 wk study, vegetation at nests tended to provide cover (taller plants) or impede predators (thornier plants). Vegetation close to nests as well as in the habitat patch (enclosure) where the nest was located predicted female survival, pup survival, and female reproductive success. The number of pups produced per nest was not related to vegetation near nests but increased with increasing thorny vegetation within enclosures. Pup survival was greater when there was more woody vegetation near nests and more dicots within enclosures. Female survival was negatively associated with plant height at nests and woody vegetation within enclosures but positively related to preferred food plants within enclosures. Our results suggest fitness consequences resulting from vegetation near nests and on a larger spatial scale surrounding the nest could influence nest site selection in prairie voles.
How will this help me? Exploring expectations at the time of intake among first-time users of a college counseling center.

Objective: The study explored first-time college counseling center clients’ preintake expectations of the counseling process and the extent that these expectations were related to confidence that c...
Logarithmic improvements in L(p) L p bounds for eigenfunctions at the critical exponent in the presence of nonpositive curvature

We consider the problem of proving $$L^p$$ bounds for eigenfunctions of the Laplacian in the high frequency limit in the presence of nonpositive curvature and more generally, manifolds without conjugate points. In particular, we prove estimates at the “critical exponent” $$p_c = \frac{2(d+1)}{d-1}$$ , where a spectrum of scenarios for phase space concentration must be ruled out. Our work establishes a gain of an inverse power of the logarithm of the frequency in the bounds relative to the classical $$L^p$$ bounds of the second author.
Transcoronary Rapid Pacing Solving a Complex Retrograde Chronic Total Occlusion Procedure

AbstractWe report a case of revascularization of the right coronary artery via the epicardial collateral, for which we used transcoronary rapid pacing to obtain cardiac standstill while puncturing ...
A crosslinked, low pH-stable, mixed-mode cation-exchange like stationary phase made using the thiol-yne click reaction.

Mixed-mode cation-exchange stationary phases are useful for the separation of mixtures containing hydrophobic, acidic, and basic molecules. To ensure that weak organic bases are protonated and carboxylic acids are neutral low pH mobile phases are required. Mixed-mode stationary phases that are stable at pH < 3 are needed. We synthesized a crosslinked structure along the surface of thiol functionalized silica gel particles using the thiol-yne click reaction. The alkyne, 1,7-octadiyne, was added to the 3-mercaptopropyl silica gel, then crosslinked using 1,6-hexanedithiol. Elemental analysis showed low octadiyne ligand surface coverage, but, stoichiometrically, three sulfurs were added to each octadiyne ligand during the crosslinking step, indicating that crosslinking occurred. The effect of the crosslinking on the stability was tested with a 50:50 (v/v) pH 0.50 5% TFA aqueous:acetonitrile mobile phase at 70 °C for six days, over 35,000 column volumes. The stationary phase showed good stability with the retention of triphenylene decreasing only 20% during that time. The Tanaka test showed that the phase has a methylene selectivity of 1.20 ± 0.04, a high shape selectivity of 2.71 ± 0.03, and a 3.98 ± 0.05 cation-exchange factor at pH 2.70. The phase has a selectivity factor for nitrobenzene and benzene of 1.41 ± 0.01, indicating the electron donating charge transfer characteristic of the phase. The mixed-mode characteristics of the phase were investigated using a mixture of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Baseline resolution of the monoamines could be obtained using a simple 20 mM potassium phosphate (pH 2.70)/methanol mobile phase. Altering both the methanol content and the potassium ion concentration altered the retention of the monoamines indicating mixed-mode cation exchange characteristic of the crosslinked stationary phase.
Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Using Immune Restoration

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a viral disease of the brain associated with immunodeficiency, immune suppressing medications, and malignancy. In the absence of effective anti-viral therapy for the causative JC virus, immune restoration has emerged as the critical therapeutic alternative. The evolving treatment of PML (and other rare JC virus-associated neurologic syndromes) requires consideration of baseline immune functioning and comorbid diseases while selecting from a number of therapeutic options to restore an effective immune response. This review focuses on the current options for management of PML in typical situations where this disease presents, including several where immune restoration is a standard therapeutic approach such as in PML associated with HIV/AIDS and in multiple sclerosis associated with natalizumab. Other circumstances in which PML occurs including associated with primary immunodeficiencies, malignancies, and transplants present greater challenges to immune reconstitution, but emerging concepts may enhance therapeutic options for these situations. Particular attention is focused on recent experience with checkpoint inhibitors, guidance for MS drug discontinuation, and strategies to monitor and facilitate immune restoration.
The practitioner-academic gap: A view from the middle

Abstract The practitioner-academic gap has been widely discussed for decades along with recommendations for increasing the practical application of management research. We review some of the reasons for this disconnect and argue this has been the norm going back to the beginnings of the field. At the same time contemporary management practice has obviously been greatly influenced by management research. We suggest that much of this influential work has been done by academics who choose to work in the middle between university and practice. We review the experience of the Center for Effective Organizations and others working in the middle to make recommendations for doing useful research and suggest there are reasons for optimism in research to practice transfer in a changing landscape.
Trauma-Centered Social Justice

This Article identifies a new and growing phenomenon in the American legal system. Many leading agendas for gender, racial, and climate justice are centered on emotional trauma as the primary injury of contemporary social injustices. By focusing on three social justice movements, #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and Climate Justice, the Article offers the first comprehensive diagnosis and assessment of how emotional trauma has become an engine for legal and policy social justice reforms. From a nineteenth century psychoanalytic theory about repressed childhood sexual memories that manifest in female hysteria, through extensive medicalization and classification in the twentieth century, emotional trauma has evolved and expanded into its current status at the center of our twenty-first century social justice movements. The Article reveals how the rhetoric and logic of emotional trauma is increasingly used to articulate legal and policy claims for racial, gender and climate justice, and how the current understanding of trauma is connected to the concept of abuse of power. While recognizing the positive and generative effects of the growing understanding of emotional trauma, the Article explores some hidden costs of the enthusiastic embrace of the “age of trauma” in legal quests for social justice. The Article observes that the prominence of trauma may limit the scope of political and legal claims for gender, racial, and climate justice; and that it may shape and perpetuate wounded identities of those on behalf of whom legal claims for justice are made. As lawmakers and policymakers proceed in engaging the legal and political systems in claims for meaningful social justice, they ought to carefully assess the negative implications of a trauma-centered social justice.
Interview 9 James A. Evans

To me, sociology is really about understanding and taking primary data dependencies between individuals but also between things. So, in the same way that economists, for example, focuses on decisions and choices that may lead the social structures, social dependencies.
Assessing Partner Services Provided by State and Local Health Departments, 2018.

BACKGROUND Surveillance reports have shown that reported sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are increasing. The provision of partner services is an effective tool for preventing and reducing the spread of STDs. We examined partner services provided by health departments and assessed for associations with jurisdiction size, STD morbidity, and region. METHODS We used stratified random sampling to select 668 local health departments (LHDs) and selected all (n = 50) state health departments (SHDs). Rao-Scott χ2 analyses were performed to examine partner services by health department type (SHD vs. LHD), region, jurisdiction size (LHD only), and STD morbidity (LHD only). RESULTS Approximately 49.0% of LHDs and 88.0% of SHDs responded to the survey. Most LHDs (81.6%) and SHDs (79.5%) provided partner services for some STDs (P = 0.63). Compared with SHDs, a higher proportion of LHDs provided expedited partner therapy for chlamydia (66.8% vs. 34.2%, P < 0.01) and gonorrhea (39.3% vs. 22.9%, P = 0.09). Partner service staff performed other activities such as conducting enhanced surveillance activities (23.0% of LHDs, 34.3% of SHDs; P = 0.20) and participating in outbreak response and emergency preparedness (84.8% of LHDs, 80.0% of SHDs; P = 0.51). Associations were found when partner services were stratified by health department type, jurisdiction size, STD morbidity, and region. All LHDs in high-morbidity areas provided partner services and 45.4% performed serologic testing of syphilis contacts in the field. CONCLUSIONS A majority of STD programs in LHDs and SHDs provide a variety of partner services and partner service-related activities. It is imperative to continue monitoring the provision of partner services to understand how critical public health needs are being met.
The Impact on Future Prescribing Patterns of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Education and Waiver Provision During Residency

BACKGROUND Family medicine residency programs vary in the extent of training offered on opioid use disorder (OUD) in their curricula. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of OUD education and buprenorphine waiver provision on postresidency buprenorphine prescribing patterns. METHODS Three North Carolina family medicine residency programs differed in the extent to which they taught OUD, including buprenorphine waiver provision. Program A required OUD education and assisted residents in obtaining a waiver; Program B offered OUD education and did not assist with obtaining a waiver; and Program C did not offer OUD education. In November 2019, graduates from these 3 programs were surveyed regarding the extent to which they engaged in treatment of OUD. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the survey participants and their responses. RESULTS Of the 62 graduates invited to participate, 49 (79.0%) responded. Across the 3 programs, the percentage of graduates with a waiver varied significantly (P < .0001): Program A (84.2%), Program B (33.3%), and Program C (0.0%). Of those who were not waivered, Program B had a larger percentage that desired to prescribe buprenorphine products (70.0%) as compared with Program C (9.1%) (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Family medicine residency graduates from programs with more integrated OUD education were more likely to obtain and use a waiver to prescribe buprenorphine-containing medications postgraduation.
Expression of Streptomyces melC and choA genes by a cloned Streptococcus thermophilus promoter STP2201

Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) chromosomal DNA (chr DNA) fragments having promoter activity were cloned and selected inEscherichia coli using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase- (cat-) based promoter-probe vector pKK520-3. Insertion of a promoterless streptomycete melanin biosynthesis operon (melC) downstream from the promoters of the library further identified clone STP2201 as a strong promoter inE. coli. Subcloning of a STP2201-melC DNA fragment into the pMEU-seriesS. thermophilus-E. coli shuttle vectors yielded pEU5xML2201x plasmids that conferred Mel+ phenotype toE. coli. The pEU5aML2201a was further shown to afford a high level of tyrosinase production (2 units mg−1 protein) inE. coli, and to produce an apparently inactivemelC gene product that reacts with anti-tyrosinase antiserum inS. thermophilus. SubstitutingmelC with a streptomycete cholesterol oxidase gene (choA) in the same orientation yielded pEU5aCH2201a that conferred ChoA activity to anE. coli transformant at a level of (1.06±0.15)×10−7 units mg−1 protein. Introduction of this plasmid intoS. thermophilus by electrotransformation yielded ChoA transformant that produced the enzyme at about 25% of the level found inE. coli.
Dynamic trajectory anonymization in location based services

Location-based services in user's mobile device can send geographical information queries to the server continuously,and receive corresponding results to the user.But simultaneously assure the quality of service and none leakage of geographical information is an important problem.This paper used a dummy location method to protect user's real locations.The device sent multiple locations to the server.The paper also proposed a heuristic algorithm to partition location set and usedδprivacy to prevent adversary infer sensitive information from contiguous locations.At last,an experiment on a Wi-Fi access data set shows that five or six locations need to be sent averagely.
Vector Portal Pseudo-Goldstone Dark Matter

We present a model of pseudo-Goldstone dark matter that interacts through a light vector mediator based on a spontaneously broken $SU(2)$ dark sector. The dark matter mass is induced by the explicit breaking of the dark $SU(2)$ symmetry. A residual global $U(1)$ symmetry prevents dark matter decay. The behavior of this model is studied under the assumption that the observed dark matter relic abundance is due to thermal freeze-out. We consider self-interaction targets for small scale structure anomalies and the possibility of interacting with the Standard model through the vector mediator.
Transformative Consciousness: Scale Development and Content Validity

This paper outlines the development of the Transformative Consciousness (TC) of Oppression and Privilege (COAP) Scale created to address the conceptual and measurement limitations of the critical consciousness (CC) construct. Unlike prior CC measures, this scale was developed for the general population, integrates identities that are oppressed and privileged, incorporates the social-ecological framework, assesses cognitions, and attempts to reduce the impact of social desirability bias. Following DeVellis’ (2003) scale development process and Rubio and colleague’s (2003) process for content validity, this paper presents: a review of CC measurement literature and the lack of standardized conceptualization and measurement tools; an overview of TC theory; the COAP scale development process; and, a content validity study of COAP including quantitative and qualitative methods. An outgrowth of the first author’s conceptualization of Transformative Consciousness, the domain-specific and content validated COAP scale demonstrates a unique scaling method combining vignettes, sentence completions, rank ordering of response options, and scoring of ordering patterns. Limitations of the COAP scale and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Key issues in water privatization and remunicipalization

Abstract This special issue analyzes privatization in water with an emphasis on recent U.S. experience but set in the international context. Historically, the key questions around water privatization were related to efficiency, costs, and prices, but the debate also needs to address broader questions of regulation and governance. This special issue includes the most recent studies of ownership and performance with papers from the United States, Europe, and Latin America.
Systematic review of prediction models for postacute care destination decision-making.

Objective This article reports a systematic review of studies containing development and validation of models predicting postacute care destination after adult inpatient hospitalization, summarizes clinical populations and variables, evaluates model performance, assesses risk of bias and applicability, and makes recommendations to reduce bias in future models. Materials and methods A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Prognosis Methods Group criteria. Online databases were searched in June 2020 to identify all published studies in this area. Data were extracted based on the CHARMS checklist, and studies were evaluated based on predictor variables, validation, performance in validation, risk of bias, and applicability using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) tool. Results The final sample contained 28 articles with 35 models for evaluation. Models focused on surgical (22), medical (5), or both (8) populations. Eighteen models were internally validated, 10 were externally validated, and 7 models underwent both types. Model performance varied within and across populations. Most models used retrospective data, the median number of predictors was 8.5, and most models demonstrated risk of bias. Discussion and conclusion Prediction modeling studies for postacute care destinations are becoming more prolific in the literature, but model development and validation strategies are inconsistent, and performance is variable. Most models are developed using regression, but machine learning methods are increasing in frequency. Future studies should ensure the rigorous variable selection and follow TRIPOD guidelines. Only 14% of the models have been tested or implemented beyond original studies, so translation into practice requires further investigation.
Ka-band characterization and RF design of Acrynolitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

This paper presents high frequency characterization data of the commonly used 3D-printing material Acrynolitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). A cavity resonator was used to characterize the material around 30 GHz. The extrapolated data was used to design a microstrip patch antenna around 25 GHz. The antenna was fabricated using a combination of fused deposition modeling (FDM) and direct print additive manufacturing (DPAM). Good agreement was found between simulated and measured results. These are the first known results of ABS characterization and a digitally-manufactured antenna to be reported in this frequency range.
The central domain of bovine submaxillary mucin consists of over 50 tandem repeats of 329 amino acids. Chromosomal localization of the BSM1 gene and relations to ovine and porcine counterparts.

We previously elucidated five distinct protein domains (I–V) for bovine submaxillary mucin, which is encoded by two genes, BSM1 and BSM2. Using Southern blot analysis, genomic cloning and sequencing of the BSM1 gene, we now show that the central domain (V) consists of ≈ 55 tandem repeats of 329 amino acids and that domains III–V are encoded by a 58.4-kb exon, the largest exon known for all genes to date. The BSM1 gene was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to the proximal half of chromosome 5 at bands q2.2–q2.3. The amino-acid sequence of six tandem repeats (two full and four partial) were found to have only 92–94% identities. We propose that the variability in the amino-acid sequences of the mucin tandem repeat is important for generating the combinatorial library of saccharides that are necessary for the protective function of mucins. The deduced peptide sequences of the central domain match those determined from the purified bovine submaxillary mucin and also show 68–94% identity to published peptide sequences of ovine submaxillary mucin. This indicates that the core protein of ovine submaxillary mucin is closely related to that of bovine submaxillary mucin and contains similar tandem repeats in the central domain. In contrast, the central domain of porcine submaxillary mucin is reported to consist of 81-amino-acid tandem repeats. However, both bovine submaxillary mucin and porcine submaxillary mucin contain similar N-terminal and C-terminal domains and the corresponding genes are in the conserved linkage regions of the respective genomes.