cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Team-based learning in US colleges and schools of pharmacy.

Objective. To characterize the use of team-based learning (TBL) in US colleges and schools of pharmacy, including factors that may affect implementation and perceptions of faculty members regarding the impact of TBL on educational outcomes.Methods. Respondents identified factors that inhibit or enable TBL use and its impact on student learning. Results were stratified by type of institution (public/private), class size, and TBL experience.Results. Sixty-nine of 100 faculty members (69%) representing 43 (86%) institutions responded. Major factors considered to enable TBL implementation included a single campus and student and administration buy-in. Inhibiting factors included distant campuses, faculty resistance, and lack of training. Compared with traditional lectures, TBL is perceived to enhance student engagement, improve students’ preparation for class, and promote achievement of course outcomes. In addition, TBL is perceived to be more effective than lectures at fostering learning in all 6 domains of ...
A curriculum for the new dental practitioner: preparing dentists for a prospective oral health care environment.

The emerging concept of prospective health care would shift the focus of health care from disease management to disease prevention and health management.Dentistry has a unique opportunity to embrace this model of prospective and collaborative care and focus on the management of oral health.Academic dentistry must better prepare future dentists to succeed in this new health care environment by providing them with the scientific and technical knowledge required to understand and assess risk and practice disease prevention. Dental schools must consider creating career pathways for enabling future graduates to assume important leadership roles that will advance a prospective oral health care system.
Sodium, chloride and water balance of the intertidal teleost, Xiphister atropurpurpureus. II. The role of the kidney and the gut.

1. The rate of loss of sodium, chloride and water via the urine and the rate of intake of sodium, chloride and water by ingestion of the medium was determined for the euryhaline teleost, Xiphister atropurpureus . 2. The urinary losses of sodium and chloride were approximately 0.5 mM/kg. fish/day in both 100 % sea water (480 mM-Na/kg.) and 10% sea water. The ingestion of sodium and chloride by drinking the medium amounted to approximately 4 mM/kg. fish/day in 100% sea water and approximately 0.1 mM/kg. fish/day in 10% sea water. 3. The low rate of urine flow in 10 % sea water and the low drinking rate in 100 % sea water indicate a relative impermeability to water in both salinities.
Alternative medicine and the perimenopause : An evidence-based review

Alternative medicine is no longer mystical, mythical, or remote. At last 50% of the adult population has tried some sort of alternative therapy. As the population ages, and chronic illness becomes more prevalent, the use of alternatives is likely to continue to increase. CAM often targets chronic disorders that are often poorly addressed by conventional care. such as headache, arthritis. insomnia, fatigue, and so forth. Managed care, indirectly by imposing barriers to access and directly by offering riders that cover CAM services, are pushing patients away from more expensive conventional therapies. In conditions like the perimenopause, where the symptoms may wax and wane unpredictably, quality research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of interventions. In the not so distant past, CAM practices have been given a pass, permitted to lay claim to historical uses as proof of efficacy. This exemption from the rules has been revoked. Major journals have issued a call for a new, more evenhanded approach. The editors of the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine asserted that [36]: There cannot be two kinds of medicine--conventional and alternative. There is only medicine that has been adequately tested and medicine that has not, medicine that works and medicine that may or may not work. Once a treatment has been tested rigorously, it no longer matters whether it was considered alternative at the outset. There is no alternative medicine. There is only scientifically proven, evidence-based medicine supported by solid data or unproven medicine, for which scientific evidence is lacking. Whether a therapeutic practice is 'Eastern' or 'Western', is unconventional or mainstream, or involves mind-body techniques or molecular genetics is largely irrelevant expect for historical purposes and cultural interest. Gynecologists and others who care for women need to be aware of the evidence supporting or refuting the claims made for both conventional and alternative medicine. Any therapy that provides effective and safe mitigation of the tumultuous and distressing endocrine events associated with the perimenopausal transition should be offered and used. An expanded array of therapeutic options may increase the likelihood of successful treatment and promote enhanced satisfaction and well-being for women. Such improvements can help to cement long-term relationships between providers and patients, for health and well-being now and in the future.
Oh Behave!—Fuller & Thaler Asset Management

The purpose of this case is to help with the understanding of behavioral finance, biases, under reaction, and over reaction.
Effects of temperature on sleep in the developing rat

In altricial species, such as humans and rats, much of the development of autonomic systems occurs postnatally. Consequently, vulnerabilities exist early in postnatal development when immature auto...
A Difference Method for Obtaining Z-Transforms

2. Difference approach. In order to avoid entirely the problem of series closure, a difference method similar to that of Gardner and Barnes [7] can be used to great advantage. The difference technique was originally developed for use with "jump functions." A jump function is a series of contiguous constants width pulses, the heights of which represent a function which has a value only at integral values of the independent variable. In the Z-Transform approach, the function is sampled every T seconds. Although the result of sampling is actually a series of trapezoidal shaped pulses, the duration of each pulse is so short that for mathematical analysis the pulses can be replaced by a series of impulses whose impulsive strengths are equal to the areas of the pulses they replace. If the Dirac 8-function [8] is used to represent a unit impulse, the series form of the function f*(t) obtained by sampling f(t) is
Approaching the Atomic Unit of Time with Isolated Attosecond Pulses

Isolated attosecond pulses are powerful tools for studying electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and condensed matter. The shortest pulses achieved so far are 67 as. Challenges and approaches for further shortening such pulses are introduced.
Mean Deviation of the Binomial Distribution

(1945). Mean Deviation of the Binomial Distribution. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 377-379.
THE THYROID NODULE. 1. DIAGNOSIS.

Thyroid nodules may be palpable or hidden, symptomatic or asymptomatic. The gland itself may be normal or abnormal in structure and function. Local symptoms reflect compression of nerves, larynx, trachea and esophagus. General symptoms are manifestations of inflammation, metabolic alteration, or neoplastic dissemination. Physical examination is the dominant element in diagnosis. Roentgenographs and radioisotopic studies are valuable aids, but distinction between malignant and benign nodules rests ultimately with surgical exploration and histologic examination. Part 2 will consider etiologic and pathophysiologic aspects.
CT and MRI Diagnosis for Branchial Cleft Cysts of Newborns

Objective To discuss the CT and MRI appearance and differential diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts in newborns.Materials and Methods The CT and MRI findings of 13 newborns with branchial cleft cysts proved clinically and pathologically were analyzed retrospectively.Results 13 cases were belong to second branchial cleft cysts,including Bailey type Ⅰin 4 cases and type Ⅱ in 9 cases.Most second branchial cleft cysts usually appeared as painless and oval masses in the lateral portion of the neck adjacent anteromedial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the mandibular angle.These cysts were typically well-circumscribed and homogeneous surrounded by a uniformly thin wall on CT and MRI.The enhancement of cyst wall depended on the degree of infection.Conclusion CT and MRI can make the diagnosis of branchial cleft cysts and the air-fluid level is imaging features of branchial cleft cysts in newborns.
What Causes Weak Orographic Rain Shadows? Insights from Case Studies in the Cascades and Idealized Simulations

AbstractRecent studies have shown that weak rain shadows in the Cascade Mountains are associated with passing warm fronts, but the specific mechanisms responsible for this connection have eluded consensus. One theory holds that weak rain shadows are the result of enhanced precipitation over eastern slopes caused by easterly upslope flow; the other suggests that condensation is produced primarily over the western slopes, with enhanced east-slope precipitation occurring in dynamical regimes that minimize descent and evaporation east of the crest. Here these mechanisms are investigated through numerical simulations involving both real and idealized topography. Consistent with the second theory, storms with weak rain shadows are found to exhibit much weaker mountain waves in the lee of the Cascades than storms with strong rain shadows, with correspondingly weaker leeside evaporation. The muted wave activity during weak-rain-shadow storms is found to be caused by cold, zonally stagnant air at low levels in the...
The Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and the Attitude of Russian Society (Based on Memoirs, Diaries, and the Epistolary Heritage of Contemporaries)

ABSTRACTThe article is devoted to an analysis of the attitudes of the different social groups of Russian society toward the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878. The author based her analysis on the memoirs, diaries, and epistolary heritage of contemporaries. The author reveals the attitudes of Russian society on the eve of and during the war. The author emphasizes the support of the war by the Russian peasants and the common people, who expressed their deepest sympathy to the suffering of the South Slavs under the Turks, as their brothers in faith. The author gives the analysis of the attitudes of the Russian nobility and the clergy toward the events in the Balkans. According to the author, the attitude of the nobility was controversial and also included personal motivations. The author reveals the opinions of contemporaries, which differ from the views of some modern historians who base their assessments on the statements of the members of the volunteer movements and data from police reports. On the other h...
The thermal conductivity of some modern engineering materials used in high bandwidth I/O systems at cryogenic temperatures

Superconducting digital microelectronics require multi-gigahertz bandwidth performance of the signal I/O system, including multi-channel flat flexible I/O cables. The limited information on the thermal conductivity of modern engineering materials available to the designer of low temperature, high performance systems and devices, makes it difficult to optimize a design or even to know if it will perform as specified. This is particularly true of the newer dielectrics for which bulk thermal conductivity data do not exist. This paper presents the thermal conductivity measurements we have made of various metals and dielectrics commonly used for high performance, low loss flexible I/O cables and presents the design tradeoffs that these materials offer the designer. We also describe the relatively low cost procedure we are using to make thermal conductivity measurements of metals and dielectrics between 8 K and 100 K that satisfy design engineering requirements. A discussion of the value of thermal conductance vs. bulk thermal conductivity is also presented.
THE INFLUENCE OF ALTERATIONS IN THE CIRCULATION ON THE REPAIR OF BONE

Previous work has shown that blocking the deep veins to produce venous stasis at the site of healing results in an increased callus formation and accelerated bone repair. This is a useful procedure in treating delayed union of fractures. Obstruction of the lesser saphenous vein has no influence on the healing of the fibula. Blocking the arterial circulation by ligation of the main trunk has no effect because of the rapid development of collateral circulation. When the main artery and its branches are removed, there is delay in bone repair but healing eventually takes place. Removal of the lumbar sympathetic trunk and ganglia makes very little change in the process of bone repair in the extremity.
Infrared Studies of C—H…O=C Hydrogen Bonding in Polyglycine II

Infrared studies of polyglycine II have been undertaken in order to test a proposal that C—H…O=C hydrogen bonds are present in this structure. An analysis of the CH2 stretching region indicates that two new bands found in the spectrum of polyglycine II, which are not present in polyglycine I, can very reasonably be assigned to hydrogen bonded CH2 groups. These results confirm a previous suggestion that polyglycine II contains antiparallel chains.
Multi-scale simulation of thin-film photovoltaic devices

A unified platform for numerical simulation of thin-film PV devices from micron to meter length scales is presented. Higher dimensional, time-dependent, and multi-physics modeling allow for investigation of a broad range of phenomena within one PV simulation tool. Partial shading and nonuniformity effects in a CIGS minimodule are investigated. Coupled electrothermal finite element modeling clarifies the connections between shading, reverse bias, and thermal effects.
Development of the Healthcare Triggering Questionnaire in adult sexual abuse survivors.

Objective One in 4 women and 1 in 10 men in the United States are survivors of sexual abuse (SA). For these survivors, healthcare experiences may trigger memories, thoughts, feelings or sensations related to this past abuse. Such triggering can be associated with negative responses to healthcare (e.g., anxiety, avoidance). However, to date, no healthcare triggering assessment tool exists. Therefore, the study goal was to describe the prevalence of healthcare triggering, to develop a brief Healthcare Triggering Questionnaire (HTQ), and to examine its initial validity. Method An initial pool of 117 items was developed based on previous research. Two-parameter logistic item response theory models were used to develop the scales. SA survivors [male (n = 233), female (n = 222)] and a comparison group of non-SA individuals [male (n = 114), female (n = 106)] were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk and completed the study anonymously online. Results Three 10-item scales were developed: (a) the HTQ-M for males; (b) the HTQ-F for females; and (c) the HTQ-U (unisex) for all respondents. The results supported the utility and initial validity of the gender-specific and unisex scales. Conclusions The HTQ scales are a psychometrically sound approach to evaluating healthcare triggering experienced by adult sexual abuse survivors. The HTQ may be considered for use by researchers interested in studying healthcare triggering, healthcare retraumatization, and healthcare adherence. The HTQ may also be of use to clinicians interested in identifying trauma survivors who are more likely to experience triggering in healthcare settings. (PsycINFO Database Record
Can laparoscopic surgery prevent incisional hernia in patients with Crohn’s disease: a comparison study of 750 patients undergoing open and laparoscopic bowel resection

Incisional hernia (IH) is a frequent occurrence following open surgery for Crohn’s disease (CD). This study compares the IH rates of patients with CD undergoing open versus laparoscopic bowel resection. Seven hundred and fifty patients with CD operated by the authors at the Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA, were reviewed from a prospectively maintained surgical database. Five hundred patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing open surgery were compared to 250 patients undergoing laparoscopic bowel resection. The mean duration of follow-up in the study population was 6.8 years. Patients undergoing open surgery had a significantly higher age at onset of disease, age at surgery, longer duration of disease, lower serum albumin, history of multiple previous resections, were more likely to be on steroids, needed more blood transfusions, and had an increased necessity for an ileostomy during resection. Nevertheless, the incidence of IH at 36 months was nearly identical in both groups (10.8 vs. 8.4% for open vs laparoscopic). 16% of the patients in the laparoscopic group (range: 7–20%) required conversion to open surgery. Patients undergoing laparoscopic resection that required conversion to open surgery had the highest IH rate at 18%. There was a significant correlation between IH and the length of the midline vertical extraction incision. Patients undergoing laparoscopic resection with intracorporeal anastomosis and small transverse or trocar site extraction incisions had no IH. A marked decrease or complete elimination of IH in patients with CD undergoing bowel resection may be possible using advanced laparoscopic techniques that require intra-abdominal anastomosis and use of the smallest transverse extraction incisions.
Transcriptional profiling of articular cartilage in a porcine model of early post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

To identify the molecular pathophysiology present in early post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), the transcriptional profile of articular cartilage and its response to surgical PTOA induction were determined. 36 Yucatan minipigs underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection and were randomly assigned in equal numbers to no further treatment, reconstruction or ligament repair. Cartilage was harvested at 1 and 4 weeks post-operatively and histology and RNA-sequencing were performed and compared to controls. Microscopic cartilage scores significantly worsened at 1 (p = 0.028) and 4 weeks (p = 0.001) post-surgery relative to controls, but did not differ between untreated, reconstruction or repair groups. Gene expression after ACL reconstruction and ACL transection were similar, with only 0.03% (including SERPINB7 and CR2) and 0.2% of transcripts (including INHBA) differentially expressed at 1 and 4 weeks respectively. COL2A1, COMP, SPARC, CHAD and EF1ALPHA were the most highly expressed non-ribosomal, non-mitochondrial genes in the controls and remained abundant after surgery. 1275 genes were differentially expressed between 1 and 4 weeks post-surgery. With the treatment groups pooled, 682 genes were differentially expressed at both time-points, with the most significant changes observed in MMP1, COCH, POSTN, CYTL1 and PTGFR. This study confirmed the development of a microscopic PTOA stage after ACL surgery in the porcine model. Upregulation of multiple proteases (including MMP1 and ADAMTS4) were found; however, the level of expression remained orders of magnitude below that of extracellular matrix protein-coding genes (including COL2A1 and ACAN). Clinical significance: Genes with established role in PTOA as well as novel targets for specific intervention were identified. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Catheter Ablation of the Superolateral Mitral Isthmus Line: A Novel Approach to Reduce the Need for Epicardial Ablation.

Background The mitral isthmus is a critical part of perimitral reentrant tachycardia, as well as an important substrate of persistent atrial fibrillation. Deployment of an endocardial mitral isthmus line (MIL) with the end point of bidirectional block may be challenging and often requires additional epicardial ablation within the coronary sinus. Methods and Results The study population comprised 114 patients with perimitral flutter who underwent de novo ablation of an MIL. The initial 57 patients (group A) underwent catheter ablation using a novel superolateral MIL design, connecting the left-sided pulmonary veins with the mitral annulus along the posterior base of the left atrial appendage visualized by selective angiography. The next 57 patients (group B) served as a control group and underwent ablation using a conventional MIL design, connecting the left inferior pulmonary vein with the mitral annulus. Bidirectional block was achieved in 56 of 57 patients in group A (98.2%) and 50 of 57 patients in group B (87.7%; P =0.06). Deployment of a superolateral MIL required significantly less ablation from within the coronary sinus (7.0% versus 71.9%; P P P =0.005). A higher rate of pericardial tamponade was observed in group A (5.2% versus 0%; P =0.24). Conclusions The superolateral MIL is associated with a high acute success rate to achieve bidirectional block using endocardial ablation only with minimal need for epicardial ablation from within the coronary sinus.
From Spreadsheets to Programs: Data Science and CS1 in Pyret (Abstract Only)

Data Science is at the center of many current curricular efforts. It is emerging as an integrated field that has far-reaching and important applications, from news media to policy making to business. While these applications can provide compelling uses of computer science techniques, an introduction to one is not an introduction to the other. How do topics like data structures and program design emerge from data science applications? How do we transition from data science applications to computer science topics? How can data science be integrated into other contexts with little overhead? This workshop presents assignments and curricula designed to answer these questions, and tools that support them.
Mound Construction and Site Selection in the Lafourche Subdelta of the Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana, USA

Sediment coring and trench excavation, radiocarbon dating, LiDAR data, and indigenous material culture are used to evaluate the cultural affiliation of the Grand Caillou earthen mound site and to p...
Non-invasive detection of divergent metabolic signals in insulin deficiency vs. insulin resistance in vivo

The type 2 diabetic phenotype results from mixed effects of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance, but the relative contributions of these two distinct factors remain poorly characterized, as do the respective roles of the gluconeogenic organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate localized in vivo metabolic changes in liver and kidneys of contrasting models of diabetes mellitus (DM): streptozotocin (STZ)-treated wild-type Zucker rats (T1DM) and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (T2DM). Intermediary metabolism was probed using hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]pyruvate MRI of the liver and kidneys. These data were correlated with gene expression data for key mediators, assessed using rtPCR. Increased HP [1-13C]lactate was detected in both models, in association with elevated gluconeogenesis as reflected by increased expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. In contrast, HP [1-13C]alanine diverged between the two models, increasing in ZDF rats, while decreasing in the STZ-treated rats. The differences in liver alanine paralleled differences in key lipogenic mediators. Thus, HP [1-13C]alanine is a marker that can identify phenotypic differences in kidneys and liver of rats with T1DM vs. T2DM, non-invasively in vivo. This approach could provide a powerful diagnostic tool for characterizing tissue metabolic defects and responses to treatment in diabetic patients with ambiguous systemic manifestations.
Exploitation of Affection

The strength of most personal relationships is founded to a significant degree on the affection one person has for another.1 This is particularly true of the relationship between a man and a woman (but there is no reason that relationships have to be heterosexual). The relationship works for two reasons. First, each person is concerned about the welfare of the other and is willing to do things for him or her. In this sense the relationship is largely charitable in nature; each person is both a donor of gifts, broadly defined as any form of charitable expression, and a recipient of such expressions from the other.
Implications of the Information and Knowledge Society for Education

After an introduction to information and knowledge society concepts, their relevance to education is elaborated. The principal value of these concepts is that they highlight the many social changes happening concurrently with advances in information and communication technology. A conceptual framework is proposed that illuminates the role that knowledge can play in education’s attempt to apply technology to learning. In addition, the link between knowledge and ICT literacy assessment is elaborated. The discussion also stresses the role that knowledge can play in teaching within communities of practice and that technology can play in enhancing the learning and teaching processes.
Characteristics of blast crisis in chronic granulocytic leukemia.

The terminal phase of most patients with Ph1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (i.e., blast crisis) resembles acute leukemia. The clinical and hematologic features of blast crisis in 73 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia have been reviewed. Two major morphological subgroups, lymphoblastic and myeloblastic, were identified. The lymphoblastic group in general had more profound thrombocytopenia and a greater number of blasts, while the myeloblastic group had more severa anemia. Extramedullary leukemia was documented in 27 patients. In 12 patients extramedullary leukemia preceded or occurred simultaneously with blast crisis in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. On the basis of this study we present hematologic criteria for the diagnosis of blast crisis and emphasize the importance of extramedullary leukemia in heralding the onset of blast crisis.
Point-of-Care Assessment of Folate Status in Women of Reproductive Age Using a Fluorescence Lateral Flow Assay *

Folate is an essential vitamin to the development of a fetus in early pregnancy. Maternal folate supplementation around the time of conception has been shown to decrease the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs), a class of serious birth defects. The closure of the neural tube before the 28th day after conception necessitates that the folate intake must take place before most women know that they are pregnant. Therefore, screening women of reproductive age for folate status would allow for an improved understanding of the need for supplementation in women who could become pregnant as well as the effectiveness of current supplementation and fortification recommendations. Current folate assessment is limited to labbased assays which require expensive equipment, trained personnel, and are time-intensive. Our point-of-care diagnostic test quantifies levels of folate in human serum with the use of a lateral flow assay and a portable imaging device. We have designed an assay which uses fluorescent particles, folate binding protein, and antibodies to measure serum folate. This test could be used in resource-limited settings, where access to laboratory infrastructure is limited and where knowledge of folate status in women of reproductive age is lacking. By increasing our understanding of folate status around the world, we can improve implementation of folic acid supplementation and fortification and therefore reduce the risk of NTDs.
Trends in the implementation of health impact assessments in the United States: exploring the role of educational attainment, poverty, and government ideology

Health impact assessment (HIA) is a systematic tool for policy-makers to identify the potential health effects of proposed new laws and programs. We examined HIA implementation trends from 2007 to 2014 and explored whether factors such as state government ideology, legal provision, educational attainment, and poverty were associated with HIA implementation across the United States. This was a retrospective, longitudinal study of HIA implementation among the 50 US states from 2007 through 2014. We developed a regression model to assess our outcome. Between 2007 and 2014, HIA implementation increased by 300%. Planning and implementation of most HIAs was led by government agencies (50%), non-profit organizations (27%), and educational institutions (21%). California, Oregon, Minnesota, and Washington were states with the highest number of completed HIAs. Characteristics associated with a significantly higher rate of HIA implementation were high educational attainment level (defined as the percentage of the population with a minimum bachelor’s degree or higher) and high poverty level (defined as the percentage of the population living below the Federal Poverty Level). Government ideology or legal provision was not significantly associated with the rate of HIA implementation. HIA-supportive legal provisions could potentially provide unprecedented opportunities for the promotion of public health and health equity and, although HIA implementation has been increasing, such mechanisms are possibly highly underutilized. Educational institutions are in a unique position to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice of HIAs by facilitating HIA awareness among policy-makers in health and non-health sectors.
Critical Factors for Open Source Advancement in the U.S. Department of Defense

Leveraging open source components in Department of Defense (DoD) software systems remains challenging and is often met with resistance. This article describes several factors that will increase the likelihood of successfully deploying open source in DoD projects.
Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics by NMR

Stable isotopes enable the tracing of atoms from precursors to products via metabolic transformations in situ and in crude extracts. NMR has some unique capabilities that are especially suited for metabolic analysis, including atom position-resolved isotope analysis and isotope editing. In this chapter we describe NMR-based analysis of positional isotopomer distribution using metabolic tracers.
CHAPTER 3 – Graph Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter describes graph theory. A directed graph—digraph, oriented graph—is the ordered pair D = 〈A, R〉, where A is a set of nodes—points, vertices—and R is a relation in A, that is, R is a set of ordered pairs, which are called arcs—lines, pointers. If G = 〈A, R〉 is a digraph, and Y is a subset of A, then digraph G' = 〈Y, (Y × Y) ⋂ R〉 is a subdigraph of G; it is a proper subdigraph if G ≠ G′. If Q is a subset of R, then a digraph G″ = 〈A, Q〉 is a partial digraph of G. The concept of a partial subdigraph is an obvious extension. In a digraph, node b is reachable from node a if there exists a path from a to b. If node a in digraph D is reachable from no other node in D and no other node is reachable from a, then a is an isolated node. However, a node that does not have zero indegree and does not lie on a cycle cannot belong to a node base. All node bases of a digraph have the same number of elements. Two digraphs are isomorphic if some permutation of the rows and corresponding columns in the adjacency matrix of one of the digraphs produces the adjacency matrix of the other, that is, isomorphic digraphs are identical except for the identifying names carried by their nodes.
Abstract A14: Detection of a biomarker for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas or leukemias using circulating tumor DNA without the use of PCR or next-gen sequencing

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene (IGHV) have inferior survival from time of treatment in clinical studies. We assessed real-world outcomes based on mutational status and treatment regimen in a nationwide population-based cohort, comprising all 4,135 patients from the Danish chronic lymphocytic leukemia registry diagnosed between 2008 and 2017. In total, 850 patients with known mutational status received treatment: 42% of patients received intensive chemoimmunotherapy consisting of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide plus rituximab, or bendamustine plus rituximab; 27% received chlorambucil in combination with anti-CD20 antibodies or as monotherapy, and 31% received other, less common treatments. No difference in overall survival from time of first treatment according to mutational status was observed, while treatment-free survival from start of first treatment was inferior for patients with unmutated IGHV. The median treatment-free survival was 2.5 years for patients treated with chlorambucil plus anti-CD20, and 1 year for those who received chlorambucil monotherapy. The 3-year treatment-free survival rates for patients treated with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide plus rituximab, and bendamustine plus rituximab were 90% and 91% for those with mutated IGHV, and 76% and 53% for those with unmutated IGHV, respectively, and the 3-year overall survival rates were similar for the two regimens (86-88%). Thus, it appears that, in the real-world setting, patients progressing after intensive chemoimmunotherapy as first-line therapy can be rescued by subsequent treatment, without jeopardizing their long overall survival. Intensive chemoimmunotherapy remains a legitimate option alongside targeted agents, and part of a personalized treatment landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, while improved supportive care and treatment options are warranted for unfit patients.
Lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18 human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice

Vaccine and antiviral development against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease currently lacks a validated small animal model. Here, we show that transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) by the human cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18 hACE2) represent a susceptible rodent model. K18 hACE2-transgenic mice succumbed to SARS-CoV-2 infection by day 6, with virus detected in lung airway epithelium and brain. K18 ACE2-transgenic mice produced a modest TH1/2/17 cytokine storm in the lung and spleen that peaked by day 2, and an extended chemokine storm that was detected in both lungs and brain. This chemokine storm was also detected in the brain at day 4. K18 hACE2-transgenic mice are, therefore, highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and represent a suitable animal model for the study of viral pathogenesis, and for identification and characterization of vaccines (prophylactic) and antivirals (therapeutics) for SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated severe COVID-19 disease.
Multiphysics challenges with Heterogeneous Integrated Voltage Regulator based Power Delivery Architectures

Heterogeneous integration of power delivery circuits provides for a system-scaling opportunity in the post-Moore era. However, the integrated voltage regulator (IVR) poses complex design challenges. In this paper, the fundamental challenges and benefits, arising from the IVR-based power delivery system, in the electrical, thermal, and electromagnetics domains are analyzed. To verify the analysis, a comparison study of the regulator architectures with and without heterogeneous integration is considered. Also, metrics for the IVR design space are provided as measures to address its integration complexity and figure-of-merit.
Online anomaly detection in surveillance videos with asymptotic bound on false alarm rate

Abstract Anomaly detection in surveillance videos is attracting an increasing amount of attention. Despite the competitive performance of recent methods, they lack theoretical performance analysis, particularly due to the complex deep neural network architectures used in decision making. Additionally, online decision making is an important but mostly neglected factor in this domain. Much of the existing methods that claim to be online, depend on batch or offline processing in practice. Motivated by these research gaps, we propose an online anomaly detection method in surveillance videos with asymptotic bounds on the false alarm rate, which in turn provides a clear procedure for selecting a proper decision threshold that satisfies the desired false alarm rate. Our proposed algorithm consists of a multi-objective deep learning module along with a statistical anomaly detection module, and its effectiveness is demonstrated on several publicly available data sets where we outperform the state-of-the-art algorithms. All codes are available at https://github.com/kevaldoshi17/Prediction-based-Video-Anomaly-Detection- .
Barriers to optimal breast milk provision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

TITLE: Barriers to optimal breast milk provision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Background: In the high risk NICU setting, breast milk use is associated with decreased morbidity and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to identify patient and systems barriers to optimal breast milk use in infants admitted to a regional NICU in California. Design/Methods: 699 babies born at 23-41 weeks of gestation with no congenital anomalies admitted to the NICU within 3 days of birth from 9/2015 to 6/2018 were included. …
Thelma: A Happy Modern Woman:

This interpretive biography of the author’s mother Thelma Boyd Johnson (1913-2001) charts various critical points in her life, from its beginning on a farm in central Indiana to an urban life of mo...
Lost in Co-curation: Uncomfortable Interactions and the Role of Communication in Collaborative Music Playlists

Online tools enable users to co-create artifacts remotely. However, creative collaborations can also occur for the social process of collaboration itself, for which measures of success and engagement expectations can be more ambiguous, and individuals' dedication and social dynamics more important. Co-curating music in collaborative playlists (CPs) is one example of creative collaboration that encompasses both roles, and can therefore have more subtleties within its interactions. We conducted two studies using online surveys to understand perceived comfort with and hesitation toward the social dynamics embedded in CPs. Differences in collaborators' ownership perceptions toward CPs and their comfort in interacting with these CPs emerged. We also found a varying desire for situated communication, dependent upon the action taken and perceived ownership (of both a CP and the songs contained), with more users expecting greater comfort when a communication channel exists. From these results, we present four design considerations for more positive and engaging experiences in creative online co-curation.
Margalef y la sucesión ecológica

Trabajo parcialmente financiado por las ayudas NSF BSR-8811902 y DEB-9411973 al Long Term Ecological Research Program de Puerto Rico.
Insulating and Metallic States in Transition Metal Oxides

Publisher Summary The transition metals are interesting because, in addition to the s and p electrons found on each atom of ordinary metals, their atoms each possess from one to nine d electrons. When these transition metal atoms overlap to form a solid, the d orbitals spread to form a relatively narrow d band. This d band is partially full, and is primarily responsible for the magnetic properties of the materials. The next higher s band is quite wide, and overlaps the entire d band. Thus, there is always a partially full s band that results in metallic conductivity. This chapter discusses the oxides of the transition metals. The main part of this chapter is a discussion of the models that have been presented to explain the nonconductivity of the ground state. It also reviews in detail, the experimental results on a number of specific materials, and then considers how successful the models are in explaining the actual observations.
Geometry of Edge Chips Formed at Different Angles

In the edge-chip test, an increasing force is applied near the edge of a specimen until a chip is formed. At greater distances from the specimen edge, higher forces are required for chip formation. A plot can be constructed by graphing the force necessary to form a chip against the distance from the specimen edge where the force is applied. The slope of the line resulting from such a plot constitutes the edge toughness. Studies have shown that chip geometries are self-similar, such that the chip width, 4epth and height ratios are independent of material or total chip size. Such previous studies, however, refer to edge chips made with a force perpendicular to the specimen surface. The current work addresses the issues of applied force direction and subsequent changes in edge toughness and chip geometry when chips are formed from forces that are not perpendicular. Greater force is required to produce a chip when the force is angled away from the edge, for example, and some aspects of the resulting chip geometry resemble a flattened cone. Quantitative analyses of such geometric changes can enable back calculation of force and direction in pterforming edge chip failure analyses, and would aid in designing components for edge integrity when the forces are not perpendicular.
A Sweet New Role for LCP enzymes in Protein Glycosylation

Summary The peptidoglycan that surrounds Gram-positive bacteria is affixed with a range of macromolecules that enable the microbe to effectively interact with its environment. Distinct enzymes decorate the cell wall with proteins and glycopolymers. Sortase enzymes covalently attach proteins to the peptidoglycan, while LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) proteins are thought to attach teichoic acid polymers and capsular polysaccharides. Ton-That and colleagues have discovered a new glycosylation pathway in the oral bacterium Actinomyces oris in which sortase and LCP enzymes operate on the same protein substrate. The A. oris LCP protein has a novel function, acting on the cell surface to transfer glycan macromolecules to a protein, which is then attached to the cell wall by a sortase. The reactions are tightly coupled, as elimination of the sortase causes the lethal accumulation of glycosylated protein in the membrane. Since sortase enzymes are attractive drug targets, this novel finding may provide a convenient cell-based tool to discover inhibitors of this important enzyme family.
Consumer Health Information Seeking as Hypothesis Testing

Objective: Despite the proliferation of consumer health sites, lay individuals often experience difficulty finding health information online. The present study attempts to understand users' information seeking difficulties by drawing on a hypothesis testing explanatory framework. It also addresses the role of user competencies and their interaction with internet resources. Design: Twenty participants were interviewed about their understanding of a hypothetical scenario about a family member suffering from stable angina and then searched MedlinePlus ® consumer health information portal for information on the problem presented in the scenario. Participants' understanding of heart disease was analyzed via semantic analysis. Thematic coding was used to describe information seeking trajectories in terms of three key strategies: verification of the primary hypothesis, narrowing search within the general hypothesis area and bottom-up search. Results: Compared to an expert model, participants' understanding of heart disease involved different key concepts, which were also differently grouped and defined. This understanding provided the framework for search-guiding hypotheses and results interpretation. Incorrect or imprecise domain knowledge led individuals to search for information on irrelevant sites, often seeking out data to confirm their incorrect initial hypotheses. Online search skills enhanced search efficiency, but did not eliminate these difficulties. Conclusions: Regardless of their web experience and general search skills, lay individuals may experience difficulty with health information searches. These difficulties may be related to formulating and evaluating hypotheses that are rooted in their domain knowledge. Informatics can provide support at the levels of health information portals, individual websites, and consumer education tools. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008;15:484-495. DOI 10.1197/jamia.M2449.
Analysis of Integrin Signaling in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Mammary Tumor Progression

Abstract Cancer progression—the evolution of malignant tumors towards metastatic dissemination—is a complex, multistep process orchestrated by neoplastic cells but aided by elements of the tumor microenvironment such as macrophages, activated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. During tumor progression, cancer cells acquire a number of traits, such as the ability to undergo unrestrained proliferation, to resist pro‐apoptotic insults, and to invade through tissue boundaries. Genetic and epigenetic changes conspire to drive the emergence of these traits against the backdrop of host selection. It is becoming increasingly clear that certain integrins and integrin‐signaling components amplify oncogenic signaling to promote tumor progression. Mouse models of cancer provide useful, if not necessary, experimental systems to study tumor initiation and progression in vivo and to test novel therapeutic approaches. We have utilized mouse models of mammary tumorigenesis to examine the role of integrin α6β4 signaling in tumor progression in vivo . In this chapter, we describe a collection of cell biological and genetic methods that may aid in characterizing the roles of integrin signals in mammary tumorigenesis.
Oder-bounded sets in locally solid Riesz spaces

Let E be Dedekind complete, Hausdorff, locally solid Riesz space and P an order bounded interval. We give a new proofs of Nakano’s theorem, that if E has Fatou property, P is complete, that the restrictions on P, of all topologies on E having Lebesgue property, are identical; we also give a measure-theoretic proof of the result that if (E,T) is a Dedekind complete, Hausdorff, locally convex-solid Riesz space with Lebesque property, then P is weakly compact and E is a regular Riesz subspace of E".
The fidelity of response by nitroxide spin probes to changes in membrane organization: the condensing effect of cholesterol.

Abstract The response of doxyl fatty acid spin probes in egg lecithin bilayers to added cholesterol is compared with results from 2 H-NMR. Large differences are found between the profiles of order parameter vs. label position and cholesterol concentration. At constant cholesterol content, the ESR spin probe order parameter decreases continuously as the label position is moved toward the terminal methyl region of the bilayer whereas an order parameter ‘plateau’ is observed for the upper region of the bilayer by 2 H-NMR. In addition, the spin probe order parameters are smaller than those observed by 2 H-NMR. Differences are also observed in the profiles of order parameter vs. cholesterol content for each label position. The spin probes detect a maximal response to added cholesterol for the central portion of the chains with much weaker responses near both ends of the chains. In contrast, the 2 H-NMR results indicate a large, approximately constant response for the first ten positions in the chains with a decreasing response toward the terminal methyl group. For all the positions examined, the spin probes show a weaker response than that observed by 2 H-NMR. A direct measure of the perturbing effect of a spin label is made by comparing the deuterium quadrupole splittings in egg lecithin-cholesterol bilayers for stearic acid with and without an attached doxyl moiety. The spin-labelled fatty acid has a much reduced quadrupole splitting and an opposite response to cholesterol addition.