cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iron oxidation and reduction effects on structural hydroxyl and layer charge in aqueous suspensions of micaceous vermiculites

Four Na2S2O4-reduced Na-vermiculites, each with some trioctahedral mica interstratified, were oxidized with H2O2 at pH 6·5 and again reduced with Na2S2O4 in suspensions at pH 7·5–8·0. The layer charge (CEC + K+), measured at pH 6·50, did not change significantly when octahedral Fe was oxidized (7–92 mmole 100g−1) or reduced (6–71 mmole 100 g−1). Electroneutrality was maintained within the octahedral sheet when Fe was oxidized or reduced. When Fe(II) was oxidized, electroneutrality was maintained by deprotonation of octahedral OH− groups, (a) $${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}}\leftrightarrows{\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_2}M{g_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_2}O_2^*} \right\}^ {\pm 0}} + 2{e^ - } + 2{H^ + }$$ and by ejection of (dissolution of structural) octahedral metallic cations, (b) $${\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {II} \right)} \right]}_5}Mg{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} \rightarrow {\left\{ {{{\left[ {Fe\left( {III} \right)} \right]}_4}{O_4}{{\left( {OH} \right)}_4}} \right\}^{ \pm 0}} + 5{e^ - } + F{e^{3 + }} + M{g^{2 + }}.$$ When Fe(III) was reduced, electroneutrality was maintained by reprotonation of the deprotonated sites (O*, equation a). Reaction (b) was not reversible. Thus, reversibility of the reaction, Fe(II) ⇄ Fe(HIX within the octahedral sheet decreased with increasing amount of ejected metallic cations. The amount of Fe(III) and Mg2+ ejected per Fe(II) oxidized was related to the degree of vermiculitization, being greatest with Na-degraded biotite [0·03 Fe3+ and 0·11 Mg2+ per Fe(II) oxidized] and lowest (nearly zero) with South African vermiculite. The number of deprotonated (O*) and reversible sites increased from 0·69 per Fe(II) oxidized with the K-depleted biotite to approximately 1·0 with South African vermiculite. The weathering increment was small since, of the total amount of Fe + Mg, less than 1·3 per cent was ejected from any of the four vermiculitic materials. When biotite was K-depleted, about 20 m-equiv of layer charge per 100g (300°C basis) was lost, while 51 mmole of Fe(II) per 100g was oxidized in the presence of Na2S2O4 and 82 mmoles in its absence in the aqueous suspensions. Since sequential reduction-oxidation-reduction treatments of K-depleted biotite and mica-containing vermiculites did not cause significant changes in layer charge (r2 = 0·04), the layer charge changes were concluded to be entirely independent of the oxidation or reduction of Fe in these minerals.
'Originalist' Justices and the Myth that Article III 'Cases' Always Require Adversarial Disputes

In 1994, I rejected the modern Supreme Court’s assertion that Article III, as originally understood, used “Cases” and “Controversies” synonymously to establish a requirement of “justiciability”: limiting federal judges to deciding disputes between adverse parties. My linguistic and historical study revealed that only “Controversies” (e.g., between citizens of different states) necessarily involved such disputes. By contrast, “Cases” were proceedings in which a party asserted his rights in a form prescribed by law, regardless of whether an adversarial contest existed. Therefore, in “Cases” the federal courts’ main role would be interpreting and applying federal law, not umpiring a dispute. Professor Pfander’s exhaustive research has led him to agree with me on all but one point. He accepts my definition of “Cases,” but not my conclusion that the Framers chose that word primarily to signify that federal judges’ key function would be expounding the law. Instead, Pfander argues that Article III’s drafters, following English and American legal tradition, used “Cases” as an umbrella term that encompassed all “litigable interests”: Claimants could bring any recognized court action to vindicate their legal rights. Such jurisdiction could be “contentious,” as exemplified by common law suits in which a plaintiff alleged the violation of a contract, tort, or property right by an adverse defendant. However, England also incorporated elements of the European civil law system, which allowed several types of “noncontentious” jurisdiction. In such cases, a court decided a petitioner’s request for a “constitutive” order, which recognized a legal right in an area such as family law, probate, bankruptcy, naturalization, admiralty, and equity. This review describes Professor Pfander’s three important scholarly contributions. First, his thorough research has unearthed the deep historical roots of noncontentious jurisdiction. Second, he demonstrates that the First Congress and the early Supreme Court embraced such uncontested adjudication. Third, to integrate Article III’s original meaning with modern precedent, he proposes restricting federal court access to plaintiffs who have a “litigable interest”- a valid claim of a legal right presented in a form authorized by law. If such a claim is set forth in any Article III “Controversy” or in a “Case” with adverse parties, courts may demand a showing of a “litigable interest” and also a concrete dispute (as justiciability doctrines demand). By contrast, in “Cases” of noncontentious jurisdiction, the latter requirement makes no sense. I applaud Professor Pfander’s recommended approach as pragmatic, yet faithful to Article III’s text and history. Moreover, Professor Pfander and I have reached similar conclusions about the historical meaning of Article III even though we have radically different political views. Therefore, our work suggests that originalism can be nonpartisan, contrary to the conventional wisdom that conservatives employ this methodology as a smokescreen to impose their political agenda.
A Conjecture Related to the Traveling Salesman Problem

We show that certain ways of solving some combinatorial optimization problems can be understood as using query planes to divide the space of problem instances into polyhedra that could fit into those that characterize the problem's various solutions. This viewpoint naturally leads to a splinter-proneness property that is then shown to be responsible for the hardness of the concerned problem. We conjecture that the $NP$-equivalent traveling salesman problem (TSP) has this property and hence is hard to solve to a certain extent.
The Nonexistence of (18,3,18,6) Relative Difference Sets

It is known that relative difference sets with parameters \((18,3,18,6)\) in a group of order 54 with normal subgroup \(N\) of order 3 do not exist in any abelian group of order 54. In this paper, using the recent classification of all generalized Hadamard matrices of order 18 over a group of order 3 [5], we show that such relative difference sets do not exist in any non-abelian group of order 54 as well. Our results are validated computationally using the computer algebra system Magma.
Management of an ATM based integrated voice and data network—a pragmatic solution

The realization of management systems for large, heterogeneous telecommunication networks is still an open issue with hard to tackle problems. This paper reports on the architecture, design and implementation of a management for a large scale ATM based integrated voice/data network. The focus has been put on the description of a pragmatic approach to implement a standardized, TMN-based solution. The approach is being called pragmatic since various existing standardized generic building blocks have been employed for the implementation. Additionally, the functionality of already existing element management systems for the various network components has been exploited and integrated in a homogeneous user environment. Thus, it was possible to save a lot of cumbersome implementation work.
Inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate is phosphorylated in rat liver by a 3-kinase that is distinct from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase.

Liver homogenates phosphorylated inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate exclusively to inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate. Approximately 30% of this phosphorylating activity was associated with the particulate fraction of the cell, in contrast to the inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase, which was 90% soluble. This soluble 1-kinase activity was resolved from the soluble activity that phosphorylated inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate by anion-exchange chromatography. The two phosphorylating activities were also found to be differentially inhibited by inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (IC50 for 3-kinase > 100 microM; IC50 for 1-kinase
Amine-boranes : II. A novel synthesis of the 1,3,2-benzoxazaborine ring system

Abstract The amine—boranes of 3,4-dihydro-sH-1,3-benzoxazines were found to be unstable to heat forming [4H]-1-oxa-3-azonia-2-boratanaphthalenes. The spectra of these compounds showed them to exist in the cyclic form.
A gas fired heat-pipe reformer for small-scale hydrogen production

Natural gas steam reformers using heat pipes as the mode of heat transfer provide advantages of isothermal wall surfaces, flux transformation, adjusting flux profiles, and rapid start-up, together with the ability to separate the furnace from the reactor. This paper describes experiments which verify the feasibility of heat pipe reformers using gasfired systems. Resulting reformers are more efficient and compact than existing designs and are attractive for many small-scale applications.
Adapting to Registration Error in an Intent-based Augmentation System

An ongoing research problem in augmented reality (AR) is to improve tracking and display technology in order to minimize registration errors. However, registration is not always necessary for users to understand the intent of an augmentation, especially in industrial applications where the user and the system have extensive semantic knowledge of the environment. In this chapter, we review the ideas of communicative intent developed for desktop graphical explanation systems by Seligmann and Feiner, and discuss how these approaches are the basis for our hypothesis that semantic knowledge of a scene can be used to ameliorate the effects of registration errors. We describe a set of AR visualization techniques for augmentations that adapt to changing registration errors. We first define a set of strategies that use semantic knowledge of the augmentation to enhance the augmentations with additional contextual cues. These context cues help users understand the intent of the augmentation in the presence of registration error. We then introduce algorithms that use features and feature points on objects to control these strategies in the presence of changing registration errors. Finally, these algorithms and techniques are demonstrated in four maintenance situations that challenge a user’s ability to interpret the semantics of a scene.
Text generation: using discourse strategies and focus constraints to generate natural language text

Preface Introduction 2. Discourse structure 3. Focusing in discourse 4. TEXT system implementation 5. Discourse history 6. Related generation research 7. Summary and conclusions Appendices Bibliography Index.
High Resolution NMR of Biomolecules

Newdemands for structural information on biomolecules, particularly proteins, have been created by recent advances in sequencing of genomes, including that of humans. While X-ray crystallography remains the primary source of structural information on biomolecules, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods provide a complementary approach that is applicable in solution and doesn’t require crystallization. Utilization of these methods is greatly facilitated by the production of higher field magnets. Higher fields have led not only to better resolution and sensitivity, but have spawned new approaches that include transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy and the use of residual dipolar couplings.
Some open problems in structural control

In the presence of unreliable models, robust control approaches are important. However, the existing robust control theory relies on a separation of the modeling and control problems. The impact of this assumption are discussed with aerospace applications. Some open problems in robust control are also presented.
Ketamine/Xylazine-Induced Corneal Damage in Mice

Purpose We have observed that the commonly used ketamine/xylazine anesthesia mix can induce a focally severe and permanent corneal opacity. The purpose of this study was to establish the clinical and histological features of this deleterious side effect, its sensitivity with respect to age and anesthesia protocol, and approaches for avoiding it. Methods Young C57BL/6J, C57BLKS/J, and SJL/J mice were treated with permutations of anesthesia protocols and compared using slit-lamp exams, optical coherence tomography, histologic analyses, and telemetric measurements of body temperature. Results Ketamine/xylazine induces corneal damage in mice with a variable frequency. Among 12 experimental cohorts, corneal damage associated with ketamine/xylazine was observed in 9 of them. Despite various treatments to avoid corneal dehydration during anesthesia, the frequency of corneas experiencing damage among responding cohorts was 42% (26% inclusive of all cohorts), which is significantly greater than the natural prevalence (5%). The damage was consistent with band keratopathy. It appeared as a white or gray horizontal band located proximal to the pupil and was positive for subepithelial calcium deposition with von Kossa stain. Conclusions The sum of our clinical and histological observations is consistent with ketamine/xylazine-induced band keratopathy in mice. This finding is relevant for mouse studies involving the eye and/or vision-dependent behavioral assays, which would both be prone to artifact without appreciation of the damage caused by ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Use of yohimbine is suggested as a practical means of avoiding this complication.
Hyperkalemia secondary to renal hypoperfusion in a dog with third‐degree atrioventricular block

Objective To demonstrate a critical role of artificial cardiac pacing to normalize severe bradyarrhythmia-induced hyperkalemia in a dog with third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. Case Summary A dog was presented for evaluation of severe hyperkalemia and bradyarrhythmia. ECG revealed third-degree AV block with heart rate of 10–20 min, which was lower than usual ventricular escape rate. The etiology of severe hyperkalemia was considered secondary to significantly decreased renal perfusion and potassium excretion as a result of poor cardiac output caused by the AV block. Since potassium disorders may lead to life-threatening conditions such as cardiopulmonary arrest, artificial cardiac pacing was immediately pursued. Within 1 hour, serum potassium concentration was normalized, which confirmed that severe hyperkalemia occurred primarily due to third-degree AV block. The dog was then treated with permanent pacemaker implantation. A recheck evaluation 3-month post pacemaker implantation showed normal serum potassium concentration and the dog was clinically healthy. New or Unique Information Provided This report describes hyperkalemia secondary to significantly decreased cardiac output and renal hypoperfusion caused by third-degree AV block. The authors propose that artificial cardiac pacing must be considered as an emergency treatment for bradyarrhythmia-induced hyperkalemia, which ultimately restores cardiac output and renal perfusion and normalizes serum potassium concentration.
Pre-fire and post-fire surface fuel and cover measurements collected in the south-eastern United States for model evaluation and development – RxCADRE 2008, 2011 and 2012

A lack of independent, quality-assured data prevents scientists from effectively evaluating predictions and uncertainties in fire models used by land managers. This paper presents a summary of pre-fire and post-fire fuel, fuel moisture and surface cover fraction data that can be used for fire model evaluation and development. The data were collected in the south-eastern United States on 14 forest and 14 non-forest sample units associated with 6 small replicate and 10 large operational prescribed fires conducted during 2008, 2011, and 2012 as part of the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Fuel loading and fuel consumption averaged 6.8 and 4.1 Mg ha–1 respectively in the forest units and 3.0 and 2.2 Mg ha–1 in the non-forest units. Post-fire white ash cover ranged from 1 to 28%. Data were used to evaluate two fuel consumption models, CONSUME and FOFEM, and to develop regression equations for predicting fuel consumption from ash cover. CONSUME and FOFEM produced similar predictions of total fuel consumption and were comparable with measured values. Simple linear models to predict pre-fire fuel loading and fuel consumption from post-fire white ash cover explained 46 and 59% of variation respectively.
Quasi-static data recovery for dynamic analyses of structural systems

Data recovery is a post-processing procedure employed in dynamic analyses to recover the physical response from the modal responses obtained using the mode-displacement method. An enhanced data recovery process can improve accuracy by compensating for the modal truncation errors. The mode-acceleration method is a well-known data recovery technique. However, its domain of application is restricted to problems having a low-frequency band of interest. In this paper, new data recovery methods, the quasi-static data recovery methods, are presented. These new methods are based upon a quasi-static compensation technique that is applicable for any banded frequency domain of interest, with both high- and low-frequency modes truncated. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the improvements on accuracy and applicability of the proposed method compared with traditional data recovery.
Soccer Player Activity Recognition by a Multivariate Features Integration

Human action recognition is an important research areain the field of computer vision having a great number ofreal-world applications. This paper presents a multi-viewaction recognition framework that extracts human silhouetteclues from different cameras, analyzes scene dynamicsand interprets human behaviors by the integration of multivariatedata in fuzzy rule-based system. Different featureshave been considered for the player action recognition someof them concerning the human silhouette analysis, and someothers related to the ball and player kinematics. Experimentswere carried out on a multi view image sequences ofa public soccer data set.
Leakage from closed-system transfer devices as detected by a radioactive tracer.

Purpose A study of leakage from selected closed-system transfer devices (CSTDs) under experimental conditions is described. Methods Three CSTDs (the ChemoClave, OnGuard, and PhaSeal systems) were tested. Nine manufacturer-trained oncology pharmacists and pharmacy technicians volunteered to participate in an experiment to determine the degree of leakage of a liquid test agent (a radioactive technetium isotope [(99m)Tc] diluted in normal saline) during CSTD-assisted transfer of liquid from vials to syringes per standard practices. After such transfers, alcohol prep pads (n = 135 for each system) were used to wipe CSTD points of entry and assessed for the presence of (99m)Tc. Comparisons among participants and devices were conducted via analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the a priori level of significance set at 0.05. Results ANOVA results indicated significant differences among devices in leakage of the test solution, with the PhaSeal device having the lowest geometric mean leakage (0.1 nL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0-0.2 nL), followed by the OnGuard (1.5 nL; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9 nL) and ChemoClave (35.6 nL; 95% CI, 29.1-43.6 nL) devices; each pairwise comparison was significant (p Conclusion The volume of leakage was significantly less with PhaSeal than with OnGuard and ChemoClave when pharmacists and pharmacy technicians used the three CSTDs and (99m)Tc as a tracer.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Flutter in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device Improves Symptoms of Right Heart Failure

Persistent atrial flutter (AFL) in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients can result in loss of AV synchrony, impaired ventricular filling and right heart failure (RHF). The authors report the largest series of HeartMate II (HMII) patients who developed AFL with decompensated RHF, which successfully resolved with AFL ablation. Eight patients with HMII LVAD (mean age, 57±12 years) had medically refractory AFL, with 7 developing de novo AFL after LVAD implant (onset range, 2 days–22 months post-implant). Three patients developed recurrent syncope, 2 had inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks, and 6 had new or escalating need for inotropes. All had features of decompensated RHF. Seven patients underwent electrophysiology testing where mapping confirmed typical counterclockwise AFL (mean AFL cycle length, 252±49 ms) and radiofrequency ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus restored sinus rhythm in all patients. Complete resolution of symptoms and signs of RHF with improved quality of life were noted in all. No procedural complications were noted. During a mean follow-up of 9±5 months, all patients remained free of atrial flutter. Catheter ablation of AFL in LVAD patients is safe and highly effective, resulting in immediate and significant improvement in symptoms of RHF, and should be considered first-line therapy for AFL in these patients.
Softness of Endovascular Coils

The softness of endovascular coils enables the packing of an intracranial aneurysm at a higher density so complete embolization is possible. While softness is an important concept, it is rarely discussed in a quantitative fashion. This information is often regarded as proprietary by manufacturers
Medical Rehabilitation of People with Spinal Cord Injury During 40 Years of Academic Physiatric Practice

There are many different paths that lead to an academic physiatric career and a lifelong interest in spinal cord injury (SCI) medicine. It is unfortunate that after decades of cellular-based research in multiple laboratories, there are still no interventions available that can reverse the neurologic loss that follows SCI. In contrast, medical rehabilitation research during the last 40 yrs has led to remarkable improvements in the lives of persons with SCI as evident in their increased life expectancy, shorter hospitalizations, fewer rehospitalizations, and more effective treatments for male sexual dysfunction and fertility, as well as spasticity, heterotrophic ossification, and neuropathic pain. Application of modern technology has improved the mobility of persons with SCI with better designed wheelchairs, decreased their dependency on others, facilitated their access to information, made communication and community integration easier, and so on. Although deaths related to urinary tract complications are now rare, better methods of managing the neurogenic bladder are still needed. Furthermore, better management methods are also needed for the neurogenic bowel, SCI pain, and osteoporosis of the paralyzed limbs. Even with proper prophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are still common, and clinicians have paid too little attention to reducing the risk for persons with SCI of developing obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. These challenges need to be met by medical rehabilitation research, by advocating for insurance policies that support the healthcare needs of persons with SCI, and by developing comprehensive disability policies, all with the support and leadership of academic physiatrists.
Preliminary safety analysis of a PBMR supplying process heat to a co-located ethylene production plant

Abstract This paper considers the safety analysis and licensing approach for co-locating a pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) to provide process heat to an ethylene production unit. The PBMR is an advanced nuclear reactor design that provides 400 MW of thermal energy. Ethylene production is an energy intensive process that utilizes large gas furnaces to provide the heat for the process. Coupling a PBMR with an ethylene production plant would open a new market for nuclear power, and would provide the chemical industry with a cleaner power source, helping to achieve the Clean Air Act standards, and eliminating the 0.5 ton of CO 2 emissions per ton of produced ethylene. Our analysis uses the Chevron Phillips chemical plant in Sweeney, TX as a prototypical site. The plant has four ethylene production trains, with a total power consumption of 2.4 GW, for an ethylene output of 3.7 million tons per year, 4% of the global ethylene production capacity. This paper proposes replacement of the gas furnaces by low-emission PBMR modules, and presents the safety concerns and risk mitigation and management options for this coupled system. Two coupling design options are proposed, and the necessary changes to the design basis events and severe accidents for the PBMR licensing application are discussed. A joint effort between the chemical and the nuclear entities to optimize the coupling design, establish preventive maintenance procedures, and develop emergency response plans for both of the units is recommended.
Ultrasonic findings in isolated lymphoma of the spleen simulating splenic abscess.

Both isolated lymphoma in the spleen and splenic abscess may give rise to ultrasonic images that show irregular zones of below-normal echo activity with unimpeded acoustic transmission. The clinical features of splenic abscess and splenic lymphoma overlap considerably and fever is common to both. The distinction between focal splenic abscess and isolated splenic lymphoma may not be possible prior to surgery.
Applying the Philosophical Concept of Reduction to the Chemistry of Water: Implications for Chemical Education

Even though philosophical themes in science education have been advocated for several decades, little attention has been paid to how these themes can be contextualized in the teaching of a particular domain of science. The purpose of this paper is to provide an example theoretical framework for applying a philosophical theme, reduction, in chemistry education. The inclusion of the concept ‘reduction’ in chemistry education not only elaborates on this important philosophical thesis in the specific context of chemistry but also it might offer some insight into how students’ interest in philosophical aspects of chemistry might be stimulated. The consideration of concepts such as chemical composition, molecular structure and bonding in chemistry of water provides an example for the application of ‘reduction’ in chemistry education. The water example also promotes the reflection on the microscopic, macroscopic and symbolic features of substances, themes which are repeatedly covered in secondary as well as tertiary chemical education. Some implications include the need for restructuring the curriculum in higher education to be more inclusive of the controversial nature of quantum mechanical applications in chemistry.
Automatic generation of hardware/software interfaces

Specialized hardware is necessary to reduce power consumption in mobile devices. Current design methodologies require an early partitioning of the application, allowing the hardware and software to be developed simultaneously, each adhering to a rigid interface contract. Early specification of detailed interface contracts is difficult and prevents the later migration of functionality across the interface. We address this problem using the Bluespec Codesign Language~(BCL) which permits the designer to specify the hardware-software partition in the source code, allowing the compiler to synthesize efficient software and hardware along with transactors for communication between the partitions. We will present preliminary results generated using our compiler for various hardware-software decompositions of several applications.
Thermochemical model of physical vapor transport of cadmium-zinc telluride

A theoretical model for the diffusive mass transport of the ternary compound cadmium-zinc telluride by physical vapor transport (PVT) is presented. Considerable differences between the composition of the source and deposited material, and a steep decrease in the mass flux with an increase in ZnTe content in Cd1−XZnXTe crystals have been found for X < 0.1. The difference in composition between the crystal and the source decreases with a decrease in undercooling ΔT and/or with an increase in the excess of metal constituents (Cd + Zn) in the vapor phase.
Holographic Interferometry: Some Recent Developments

Three examples of recent developments in the field of holographic interferometry are discussed. The first is the use of optical derotators to form double-exposure and real-time stroboscopic holographic interferograms of high-speed rotating objects. The second is the use of holographic interferometry as a diagnostic method in the automotive industry, and the third is the use of an iterative computation procedure to make possible the measurement of strongly refracting boundary layers.
Acute stimulatory effects of prostaglandin F2α on serum progesterone concentrations in pregnant and pseudopregnant pigs

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate whether PFF2α, administered to pregnant and pseudopregnant gilts in vivo, would cause an acute increase in serum progesterone concentrations prior to luteolysis. Pregnant (n = 9) and pseudopregnant (n = 4) gilts were fitted with a jugular vein cannula on day 40, were treated with 3 ml vehicle (control) i.m. on day 42 and with 15 mg PGF2α on day 45. Blood samples were collected at frequent (5 and 15 min) intervals from 1 h before until 1 h after control and PGF2α injections, at 15 min intervals for 4 h, and then at 5, 6, 9, 21, 33, 45 and 57 h post injection. Progesterone was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in all samples. Porcine LH was measured by RIA in samples collected frequently in the 1 h pre- and 1 h post-injection periods. Serum progesterone concentrations were unchanged in both pregnant and pseudopregnant animals in response to control injection on day 42. However, in both pregnant and pseudopregnant gilts, PGF2α injection on day 45 resulted in an acute increase (∼75–80% above pre-treatment levels; p may result from a rapid and direct stimulatory action of PGF2α on porcine luteal cell progesterone synthesis/secretion in vivo.
How high school students envision their STEM career pathways

Given that many urban students exclude Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics careers from their career choices, the present study focuses on urban high school students and adopts the social-cultural approach to understand the following questions: how do students envision their careers? What are the experiences that shape students’ self-reflections? And how do students’ self-reflections influence the way they envision their future careers? Five students were interviewed and data were coded in two ways: by topic domains and confidence levels. The research findings indicate that: first, a lack of information about future careers limits students from developing effective strategic plans; second, students’ perceived ability to handle situations of potential barriers and communications with their parents might contribute to their certainty about and confidence in future careers.
III–V structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy for high speed devices☆

Abstract Many of the recent advances in III–V high speed devices have resulted from the use of modern epitaxial technologies to tailor the device structure for optimum performance. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has often been the technology used to grow these structures, primarily because of the excellent control over layer thickness, composition and doping which it provides. Some of the contributions of MBE to high speed III–V devices are presented, illustrated by structures which require thin layers, abrupt junctions, precise dopant control and multiple layers. These illustrations include planar-doped barriers, modulation-doped field effect transistors, heterojunction bipolar transistors and some of the uses and properties of superlattice structures.
Robust Stability and Constrained Stabilization of Discrete-Time Delay Systems*

Abstract This paper revisits the problem of robust stability and stabilization of uncertain time-delay systems. We focus on the class of non-negative discrete-time delay systems and show that it is asymptotically stable if and only if an associated non-negative system without delay is asymptotically stable*. This fact allows one to establish strong result on robust stability and stability radius for this class of systems. An alternative representation of delay systems is also constructed whereby its system matrix is in block companion from. Under the assumption of non-negativity for delay systems, this alternative form represents a conventional non-negative system and similar strong robust stability results are derived. Finally, we consider the problem of constrained stabilization and provide a new LMI feasibility solution for it. This makes it possible to stabilize a general discrete-time delay system such that the closed-loop system admits non-negative structure with desirable properties.
Mode-selective energy localization during photoexcitation of deoxyhemoglobin and heme model complexes☆

Abstract Vibrational energy redistribution may be important in regulating the function of hemes and related macrocycles. Transient resonance Raman experiments reveal a non-Boltzman vibrational energy distribution among the heme normal modes of photoexcited doexyhemoglobin. Within 10 ns excitation pulses, v 4 exhibits flux-dependent anti-Stokes peak position, Stokes and anti-Stokes linewidths, and anti-Stokes:Stokes ratios corresponding to temperatures as high as 600 K. Other modes, most notably v 7 , do not behave in this manner. Spectra of protoporphyrin IX-2-methyl-imidazole obtained under the same conditions indicate that specific heme-protein interactions cannot be entirely responsible for this behavior.
Phenomenological analysis of tetragonal tungsten bronze ferroelectrics

A simple Devonshire form has been derived for the phenomenological elastic Gibbs function to describe the elasto-dielectric parameters of simple proper ferroelectrics in the tungsten bronze structure family which has 4/mmm prototypic point symmetry. For the assumption that all temperature dependence is carried by the Curie-Weiss behaviour implicit in the quadratic term and that the expansion may be terminated at the first sixth-order term, reasonable agreement between calculated and derived Ps against T curves in the ferroelectric phase can be obtained for a wide range of bronze compositions. From the fitting it is clear that second and sixth rank terms are remarkably constant over a very wide range of bronze compositions. Variation in the negative fourth rank term is larger, but this is to be expected since it contains large contributions from electrostrictive and elastic terms which will depend on boundary conditions. These initial studies suggest that the phenomenological method may be used to derive expectation values for tensor parameters across the whole family of ferroelectric bronzes. The study also points up the need for more careful detailed studies of lattice strain, birefringence and permittivity as a function of temperature in model bronze compounds to provide more detailed checks of the method.
A 21st-century challenge: improving the care of the sexual assault victim.

Abstract [Feldhaus KM. A 21st-century challenge: Improving the care of the sexual assault victim. Ann Emerg Med. June 2002;39:653-655.]
Measurement of the release of adenine nucleotides during platelet aggregation by small-bore-column isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract This paper describes a simple and sensitive method for measuring adenosine, adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate in plasma and tissues. This method involves sample preparation by perchloric acid extraction, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography on a small-bore column with UV detection at 254 nm. The minimum detectable amounts were adenosine, 0.60 pmol; adenosine monophosphate, 0.90 pmol; adenosine diphosphate, 1.5pmol; and adenosine triphosphate, 2.5 pmol. The interassay coefficient of variation for the measurement of these compounds was less than 4%. The influence of varying the pH and the concentration of phosphate, acetonitrile, and ion-pairing reagent are described. This method can be used to measure adenine nucleotide release during platelet aggregation.
PD-L1 expression correlates with immune response in a Phase I trial of CCL21 gene modified dendritic cell therapy in lung cancer.

Meeting abstracts Anti-tumor immune response in lung cancer patients may be evoked by intra-tumoral (IT) administration of autologous dendritic cells (DC), transduced with a replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vector to express the secondary lymphoid chemokine (SLC/CCL21) gene. Here, we evaluated
Intermittent flow dryout limit in heated horizontal tubes

Abstract The dryout limits for intermittent two-phase flow have been experimentally determined in a horizontal 57 mm conduit operating at atmospheric pressure for a range of heat fluxes in the industrially important range up to 146 kW/m2. The components of a refined model which incorporates post-slug film drainage, evaporation and measured slugging frequency are introduced. The effect of bubble nucleation in the post-slug film was observed and appears to be unimportant. The model is generally conservative in its prediction of the dryout boundary and shows a heat flux dependence not reflected in the data.
WHAT I BELIEVE ABOUT WHAT YOU BELIEVE: DISCUSSING SOCIAL THEORY IN SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY

Taken together, the papers published in this volume demonstrate that Southeastern archaeologists are theoretically eclectic, are borrowers and users of theory, are reflexive and collaborative, and are modest and unaggressive when discussing their theoretical inclinations. This paper clarifies the positive and negative outcomes of these characteristics and suggests ways to encourage the benefits while discouraging the drawbacks. I advocate being careful when combining theoretical paradigms, using technology to continue year-round informal communication, being more generous with stakeholder relationships and the methods used to build them, and giving ourselves more credit for the interesting theory building that we do.
Managing Conflicts of Interest in Continuing Medical Education: a Comparison of Policies

Background: Altruism is a central underpinning of professional behavior; however physicians may face instances in which their secondary (financial) interest is in competition with their primary (patient health, research integrity, professional education) interests. Most medical institutions have developed policies to manage conflicts of interest, but chiropractic institutions, organizations and providers may not be well-acquainted with such policies.
Ages d'ouverture des droits à pension de sécurité sociale dans 23 pays de l'OCDE: 1949‐2035

Le present document examine l'âge d'ouverture des droits a pension ou l'âge de la retraite anticipee de securite sociale dans 23 pays de l'OCDE de 1949 a 2035. Les politiques des annees a venir sont celles actuellement prevues par la legislation meme si certaines ne resteront pas pleinement en vigueur jusqu'en 2035. Le document met en evidence une baisse de l'âge d'ouverture des droits a pension qui s'est inversee dans les annees quatre-vingt-dix dans la mesure ou au debut de cette decennie de nombreux pays ont commencea le relever en fixant toutefois des dates d'application ulterieures. La politique relative a l'âge d'ouverture des droits a pension permet de mieux comprendre des questions plus vastes de politique sociale, comme celle de la convergence ou de la divergence des politiques sociales des pays au fil du temps. Le document examine aussi l'evolution dans le temps du mouvement en faveur de l'egalite des sexes dans les programmes sociaux.
The medial longitudinal fasciculus and disturbances of conjugate horizontal eye movements in the monkey.

In 16 monkeys attempts were made to produce localized unilateral and bilateral lesions in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) in the pons in order to study resulting disturbances of eye movements and fiber degeneration. Noteworthy physiological findings could be correlated with lesions and fiber degeneration in eight animals. Degeneration was studied by the Nauta technic. Bilateral lesions of the MLF between the abducens nuclei impair all horizontal eye movements, except convergence. Unilateral lesions of the MLF rostral to the abducens nuclei produce: (1) paresis of ipsilateral ocular adduction on attempted lateral gaze and (2) monocular horizontal nystagmus in the contralateral abducting eye. Bilateral lesions in the latter location produce these disturbances bilaterally. Paresis of ocular adduction resulting from lesions in the MLF is associated with ascending degeneration in the MLF projecting differentially upon cells of the ventral nucleus of the oculomotor complex, a cell group innervating the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle. Monocular horizontal nystagmus in the contralateral abducting eye appears to be a consequence of interruption of either: (1) descending fibers in the MLF, or (2) secondary vestibular fibers passing to the opposite abducens nucleus. Unilateral lesions of the MLF rostral to the abducens nucleus produce degeneration ipsilaterally in: (1) the nuclei of the extraocular muscles, (2) the interstitial nucleus (Cajal), and (3) parts of the ventral posterior inferior, ventral posterior medial, parafascicular, centromedian, and recticular nuclei of the thalamus.
Accidents in childhood : relation to psychosocial conditions and mental development

In a longitudinal cohort study we investigated if children experiencing psychosocial stress and exhibiting certain psychopathological symptoms run a higher risk of having accidents than other children. In 366 children the number of hospital-treated casualties during the first 10 years of their lives was related to the physical and mental characteristics of the children and to the social conditions in their families. Boys had a higher number of accidents when one or both of the parents were known to have alcohol problems. Girls exhibiting symptoms of depression, anxiety and problems in social relationships at 4-5 years of age had more accidents than girls without such symptoms. However, the differences in accident rates were small, perhaps due to the physical environment in the housing areas and the general attitude, both aiming towards reducing childhood accidents.
Transport modeling of high-brightness electron beams for the Los Alamos APEX

Abstract Demonstration of high-brightness electron-beam transport is a major goal of the APEX (APLE physics experiment) free-electron laser. The experiment is set up in a SAMOPA (single-accelerator master oscillator power amplifier) configuration. This requires the electron beam to traverse a 60° bend before the oscillator followed by a 150° bend prior to the amplifier. Sensitivity of the electron-beam emittance to parameter variations of the photo-injector, accelerator and magnetic transport elements is examined. The variations include rotations, translations and angular deviations of the dipole and quadrupole elements. The effect of wakefields generated in the accelerator cavities on the electron-beam emittance is discussed.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN GENOME SIZE OF GRAOMYS GRISEOFLAVUS (RODENTIA: MURIDAE)

Abstract Studies on Thomomys and Peromyscus, among others, have confirmed that karyotypic variation in mammals is often reflected in genome size variation. We used flow cytometry to estimate genome sizes from 91 individuals of the karyotypically variable Graomys griseoflavus complex from Argentina. Our samples represented 16 populations and included 2 ostensibly reproductively isolated forms. The mean genome size (2C value) for all populations, 5.72 pg ± 0.34 SD of DNA, was low for mammals, and the range was greater than observed in previous studies on Geomys, Thomomys, and bats. Two groups of populations were identified that differed in mean genome size. A high–genome-size group consisted of 2 populations in San Juan Province with a mean genome size of 7.38 ± 0.53 pg. These populations occupied the most arid part of the Monte Desert. A small–genome-size group included the remaining 14 populations that mostly occupied a broadly distributed, continuous habitat and possessed lower genome sizes with a mean o...
Variational principle for scattering of light by dielectric particles.

Consideration is given to the work of Purcell and Pennypacker (1973) where a dielectric particle is taken to be an aggregate of N polarizable elements mounted on a cubic lattice. The simultaneous equations which result from the scattering problem are presented. This theory has been discussed in the case of nonspherical and inhomogeneous objects whose dimensions are smaller than or comparable to the wavelength of incident light. A more precise numerical treatment is derived for further progress. The variational principle is invoked and the practical limit for the current version of the scheme is a dipole array on the order of 10,000 atoms. Limits to the scattering parameter due to the phase difference between neighboring atoms are discussed.
Experimental and theoretical studies of femtosecond time-resolved three-dimensional spectra of photosynthetic reaction centers

Abstract In this Letter, we report the three-dimensional experimental and calculated fs transient spectra of initial electron transfer in the bacterial reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The wavelength-dependent time constants are discussed. The theoretical model invokes multiple states, which are made up of lower and upper excitonic states of the dimer P. The electron transfer rates are calculated using a multi-mode system utilizing the saddle-point approximation. We find that the wavelength-dependent time constants observed experimentally can be modelled in terms of a multi-step electron transfer mechanism.
HVAC air-quality model and its use to test a PM2.5 control strategy

Abstract This paper presents a MATLAB® Simulink air-quality model of a commercial building with a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in Fairbanks, Alaska. Outdoor and indoor real-time fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels were measured at this building during a summer wild-fire smoke episode and then during a winter period. The correlation coefficient between the model-predicted and the measured indoor concentrations was 0.99 for the summer and 0.98 for the winter, justifying the usability of the model for further studies. An HVAC control algorithm was developed that reduces the indoor PM2.5 levels. The algorithm was tested using the HVAC Simulink model and the outdoor PM2.5 data from the summer smoke episode. The average indoor PM2.5 level with this control algorithm was 65% lower than with the regular control. Thanks to the PM2.5 control strategy being automatically engaged only during episodes, it was shown to have the potential of significantly reducing the indoor PM2.5 levels without significantly compromising the purpose of the original control strategy.