cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of the morbidity and mortality of wild-type and V122I mutant transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiac Study (TRACS).

Background TRACS sought to describe the clinical outcomes and disease progression of transthyretin (TTR) cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) in an observational study. Clinical course is largely determined by disease type with ATTR categorized as wild-type (ATTRwt) or genetic-variant protein (ATTRm). Prospective data are lacking in the most common TTR mutation, V122I, present in approximately 3.5% of African Americans. Methods Patients with ATTRwt (n = 18) and V122I ATTRm (n = 11) were longitudinally assessed every 6 months for up to 2 years by functional class assessments, biochemical markers, and echocardiography. Results At baseline, no differences in clinical characteristics, biomarkers, or echocardiographic parameters were noted between patients with ATTRwt and patients with ATTRm. After 15.5 ± 8 months, there were 11 deaths and 1 cardiac transplant, with higher mortality (73% vs 22%, P = .03) and cardiovascular hospitalization (64% vs 28%, P = .02) among patients with ATTRm. The median survival from diagnosis was 25.6 months for ATTRm vs 43.0 months for ATTRwt ( P = .04). Univariate predictors of mortality included disease duration, heart rate ≥70 beats/min, baseline stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction Conclusions In this prospective study, disease progression, morbidity, and mortality were observed in ATTR cardiomyopathy, particularly due to V122I, over a short duration. Given the prevalence of this mutation, further study of V122I in at-risk African American patients is warranted.
Examination of the Cardiac Explant

Examination of cardiac explants is a challenge to the surgical pathologist. This is due to the complex anatomy of the heart, the numerous pathologies unique to the heart, and the complexities of cardiovascular interventions including the transplant procedure itself. The dissection technique described permits complete evaluation of the heart with good photographic and histologic documentation while maintaining the integrity of the specimen.
Advice for aspiring accountants: A selective annotated bibliography

Accounting—both public accounting, where the accountant serves a variety of clients, and management or “private” accounting, where the sole client is the accountant's employer—has long been a popular career choice. The increased needs of business, government, and not‐for‐profit organizations for skilled professionals to gather, report, and audit accounting information have fueled tremendous growth in the field in recent years.
Recency and frequency as factors in list discrimination

List discrimination (LD) performance was measured in an experimental design in which effects of recency and frequency could be assessed independently. Two groups of Ss were each presented with two word lists and later were asked to identify list membership of the words. Recency and frequency (number of repetitions) of words were manipulated within List 1 in a way that avoided their confounding, while frequency of List 2 words was varied between groups. LD performance on a List 1 word depended on: (a) its difference from List 2 in recency, (b) its difference from List 2 in frequency, and also (c) its absolute frequency. Thus, LD seems to be based on discriminations along separate recency and frequency dimensions of memory, and frequency apparently makes a second contribution by affecting list organization.
A comparison of journal similarity across six disciplines using citing discipline analysis

Abstract A similarity comparison is made between 120 journals from five allied Web of Science disciplines (Communication, Computer Science-Information Systems, Education & Educational Research, Information Science & Library Science, Management) and a more distant discipline (Geology) across three time periods using a novel method called citing discipline analysis that relies on the frequency distribution of Web of Science Research Areas for citing articles. Similarities among journals are evaluated using multidimensional scaling with hierarchical cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis. The resulting visualizations and groupings reveal clusters that align with the discipline assignments for the journals for four of the six disciplines, but also greater overlaps among some journals for two of the disciplines or categorizations that do not necessarily align with their assigned disciplines. Some journals categorized into a single given discipline were found to be more closely aligned with other disciplines and some journals assigned to multiple disciplines more closely aligned with only one of the assigned disciplines. The proposed method offers a complementary way to more traditional methods such as journal co-citation analysis to compare journal similarity using data that are readily available through Web of Science.
Grandparents and Parents Assess the Development of Their Child with Autism

The grandparent-parent relationship may play a potent role in families with a child with autism. In these families, the parents' need for social and practical support may be greater than in other families. Parents and grandparents of children with autism between the ages of 36 months and 78 months evaluated the child's adaptive functioning using the Minnesota Child Development Inventory (Ireton & Thwing, 1972). Results indicate that each family member's perception of the child correlated significantly with those of the other respondents, but the father's ratings of the child significantly differed from those of the paternal grandparents.
Fracture of the distal radius: Classification of treatment and indications for external fixation

A number of classifications have been created for fractures of the distal radius. We describe those of Older et al., Frykman, Thomas, Melone, McMurtry, Fernandez, the Mayo and the AO/ASIF. These classifications help to identify unstable fractures and offer insight into the indications for external skeletal fixation.
Unveiling rare diversity by integrating museum, literature, and field data

Estimates of taxonomic richness and abundance are complicated by sampling biases. The failure to sample rare taxa is most often attributed to inadequate sampling and to removal during the process of sample-size standardization. Here I present two methods for unveiling rare diversity by integrating species presence/absence data from museum collections and the literature with quantitative estimates of species richness and abundance gathered from field-based bulk samples. Combining museum, literature, and field data can provide a more comprehensive estimate of taxonomic richness and abundance without substantial increase in current sampling effort. First, in a given bulk sample, the lowest proportional abundance value observed can be used to estimate the maximum abundance of rare species known to have occurred at the locality at least once but not recorded in the current sample. Second, a model-selection approach can be used, in which a set of relative abundance distribution models are fit to the bulk-sample abundance data and the parameter estimates for the best model used to calculate the abundance distribution for all species known from the locality. The Paleogene marine fossil record of the U.S. Gulf Coastal Plain is suitable for applying these methods, because (1) the molluscan fauna is well represented in museum collections and the literature, (2) the molluscan fauna has been taxonomically standardized, and (3) many classic localities remain accessible for standardized bulk sampling. I introduce these methods by applying them to a single locality and then, using the faunas of the Gosport, Moodys Branch, and Red Bluff Formations, I demonstrate how the model-fitting approach can be used to compare taxonomic richness among multiple localities. A substantial fraction of the molluscan richness known from each locality is not captured in bulk samples and much of this unobserved richness may be attributed to the rarity of species. The multiple-locality comparison suggests that the greatest Paleogene decline in standing richness occurred in the middle Eocene and that the recovery of richness following the Eocene-Oligocene extinction was quite rapid despite substantial loss of taxa. These analyses underscore the magnitude of veiled diversity in marine fossil assemblages and the potential of existing sources of data to unveil rare taxa, allowing them to be incorporated into quantitative diversity studies.
Axonal loss in murine peripheral nerves following exposure to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge.

Background: With the proven efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to treat open tibial fractures and promote spine fusion, there has been an increase in its off-label use. Recent studies have shown that BMPs play a role in nerve development and regeneration. Little is known about changes that result when rhBMP-2 is used in the vicinity of peripheral nerves. The purpose of this study is to characterize changes in peripheral nerves following exposure to rhBMP-2-soaked collagen sponges. Methods: rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) was implanted directly on the sciatic nerves of Wistar rats. One and three weeks following surgery, the nerves were harvested and histological analysis was performed to evaluate inflammatory and structural changes. Results: rhBMP-2-soaked collagen sponges induced ectopic bone formation in muscle tissue in all animals after three weeks,butdidnotcauseboneformationwithinthenerve.Axonalswellingandsplittingofthemyelinsheathwereobserved in both experimental and control nerves and may be a result of surgical manipulation. The overall incidence of axonal loss was 15.8% in the rhBMP-2/ACS-exposed nerves and was 0% in control nerves (p < 0.05). Conclusions: rhBMP-2-soaked collagen sponges may adversely affect the axons of peripheral nerves by causing axonal dropout and loss of axons. Ectopic bone formation occurs within muscle tissues and not within the peripheral nerve. The axonal dropout may be a direct effect of rhBMP-2-soaked collagen sponges and not nerve compression as it was observed prior to ectopic bone formation. Clinical Relevance: With the increased off-label use of rhBMP-2, it is important to understand the adverse effects in different anatomic locations. Since rhBMP-2-soaked collagen sponges may cause axonal dropout and loss of axons when used in close proximity to undamaged murine peripheral nerves, surgeons may wish to use caution when placing rhBMP-2soaked collagen sponges in anatomic locations where they can come into direct contact with peripheral nerves, until the potential clinical consequences in humans are better understood.
Chronic Leptin Infusion Increases Arterial Pressure

Plasma leptin concentration is increased in hypertensive obese humans, but whether leptin contributes to the increased arterial pressure in obesity is not known. In this study, we tested whether chronic increases in leptin, to levels comparable to those in obesity, could cause a sustained increase in arterial pressure and also the importance of central nervous system (CNS) versus systemic mechanisms. Five male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with chronic nonoccluding catheters in the abdominal aorta and both carotid arteries for CNS infusion, and five other rats were implanted with an abdominal aorta catheter and femoral vein catheter for intravenous (I.V.) infusion. After 7 days of control, leptin was infused into the carotid arteries or femoral vein at 0.1 microg/kg/min for 5 days and 1.0 microg/kg/min for 7 days, followed by a 7-day recovery period. The carotid artery and i.v. infusions of leptin at 1 microg/kg/min significantly increased plasma leptin levels, from 1.2+/-0.4 ng/mL to 91+/-5 ng/mL and from 0.9+/-0.1 ng/mL to 94+/-9 ng/mL, respectively, but there was no significant increase in either group at the low dose. Food intake also did not change at the low dose but decreased by approximately 65% in the carotid group and 69% in the i.v. group after 7 days of the 1 microg/kg/min infusion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased slightly at the low dose only in the carotid group, but this was not statistically significant. At the higher dose, however, MAP increased significantly from 86+/-1 mm Hg to 94+/-1 mm Hg in the carotid group and from 87+/-1 mm Hg to 93+/-1 mm Hg in the i.v. group. Heart rate also increased significantly in both groups at 1 microg/kg/min leptin infusion. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels decreased significantly at 1 microg/kg/min in both the carotid artery group (-10.5% and -82.5%, respectively) and the i.v. group (-13.6% and -80.4%, respectively). All variables returned to control levels after leptin infusion was stopped. These results indicate that chronic increases in circulating leptin cause sustained increases in arterial pressure and heart rate and are consistent with a possible role for leptin in obesity hypertension.
Alcohol consumption in diverse populations: how ethnicity moderates average number of drinks per day and age

Background: In the United States, more than 82% of people report using alcohol in their lifetime. The purpose of this study is to (1) examine gender, ethnicity, age and socio-economic status differences in alcohol consumption and (2) examine the relationship between age and average number of drinks per day as moderated by ethnicity.Method: The data examined are from the 2010 Arizona Health Survey (n = 7700). Regression analysis was used to determine how demographics correlate with alcohol use. In addition, ethnicity mediates age and average number of drinks per day.Results: Reported current alcohol use was highest among non-Hispanic whites compared to Hispanics and Native Americans. More non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics reported consuming alcohol than Natives; however, Natives were twice as likely to report heavy episodic drinking defined as averaging three or more drinks per day than non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics. Age and average number of drinks were moderated by ethnicity. Hispanics average less d...
A non-local potential model for the scattering of neutrons by nuclei

Abstract An energy independent non-local optical potential for the elastic scattering of neutrons from nuclei is proposed and the wave-equation solved numerically in its full integro-differential form. The non-local kernel is assumed seperable into a potential form factor times a Gaussian non-locality. The potential form factor, of argument 1/2r+r'), is that of a real Saxon form plus an imaginary term having the shape of the derivative of a Saxon form. A real local spin-orbit potential of the usual Thomas form is included. The parameters of the potential obtained solely from the fitting of the differential cross sections for lead at 7 MeV and 14.5 MeV are used unchanged to calculate the elastic differential cross sections, total and reaction cross sections and polarizations on some elements ranging from Al to Pb at various energies from 0.4 MeV to 24 MeV. The S-wave strength functions and the effective scattering radius R′ are also calculated with the same parameters. The parameters in the usual notations are: real potential V = 71 MeV, r = 1.22 fm, a = 0.65 fm; surface imaginary potential W = 15 MeV, a = 0.47 fm; non-locality β = 0.85 fm; spin-orbit potential, using the nucleon mass in the Thomas form, Uso = 1300 MeV. The energy independence of the potential parameters allows the compound elastic scattering to be included approximately at energies below 4 MeV. The calculations are compared to the data over the whole energy range, and the quality of the agreement with the data is found to be comparable to that obtained previously with energy-dependent local optical potentials. A “local WKB” approximation to the integro-differential equation is derived and found to give an approximate relation between the non-local potential and the equivalent local optical potential.
Ultraviolet absorption spectra of 1-furfural and of 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural in aqueous buffers

The extinction coefficients in buffered aqueous solutions for furfural and for 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (HMF) at their ultraviolet absorption maxima are respectively 16 800 ± 420 at 277 mμ for furfural and 17 900 ± 250 at 284 mμ for HMF. For both compounds, both the extinction and the maximum wavelength are unaffected by changes in pH over the range 3–10, in buffer capacity, or by a change from a phosphate-citrate to a borate buffer. The extinction does diminish somewhat as the solution ages for each substance. This fact emphasizes the importance of determining the spectrum as soon as possible after the solution is prepared.
Results of single and bilateral lung transplantation in 131 consecutive recipients

We reviewed results of the first 131 recipients who received a single or bilateral sequential lung transplant at Barnes Hospital between July 1, 1988, and July 31, 1992. Follow-up data were complete as of January 1, 1993, for a minimum of 5 months' follow-up for all surviving recipients. There were 11 hospital deaths for an overall 92 % hospital survival. Thirteen late deaths occurred and 107 (81%) recipients remain alive with a median follow-up period of 19 months. One hundred nineteen recipients survived at least 3 months after transplantation, and for this group factors that might influence long-term results were evaluated. The prevalence of pathologically proved bronchiolitis obliterans was 18.5%. Functional deterioration, which may not correlate with pathologic findings, was evaluated with a recently developed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome staging system. Factors not influencing longterm outcome included the number of early rejection episodes, matching donor and recipient cytomegalovirus antibody status, or underlying diagnosis. Patients undergoing single lung transplantation for primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger's syndrome had results similar to those of other diagnostic groups. Furthermore, the hemodynamic improvement previously reported for this group of patients after single lung transplantation has been maintained at long-term follow-up. The shortage of donor organs and the need for improved methods for diagnosis and management of chronic rejection remain the most challenging problems in lung transplantation.
Assessing Customer Expectations of Information Provided On Restaurant Menus: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach:

Improper presentation of information on restaurant menus can lead to customer dissatisfaction, a loss of profitability, and could influence the ultimate failure of a restaurant operation. Although restaurateurs and customers do agree that information on restaurant menus is important, debate exists on what specific information should be provided. Currently, supporters argue for the provision of nutritional information, while critics question the ability of customers to interpret nutritional information on restaurant menus correctly. This present study, therefore, analyzes responses from 276 restaurant customers to examine information expectations of restaurant menus. A model called Customer Information Expectation of Restaurant Menus (CIERM) was developed using the guidelines set forth in the Truth-in-Menu Law and tested using a confirmatory factor analysis approach. The study found that CIERM is influenced by the factors nutrition information, product information, and food preparation. The study concludes...
Separating recruitment and mortality time lags for a delay-difference production model

Many fishery production models implicitly incorporate a single time lag for both recruitment and mortality despite the fact that in populations of breeding adults, deaths occur yearly while the ent...
CHiRPS: a general-area parallel multilayer routing system

A new highly parallel model for concur- rent multilayer routing, called CHiRPS, is present- ed. The nucleus of CHiRPS is a very flexible pathfinder that can be easily configured, even in the presence of obstacles, to generate various com- monly used pattern-based routes, such as Steiner trees with single trunk, comb trees, contour-based routes, etc., that span multiple layers simulta- neously. The authors employ the concept of a total grid-graph to capture the state of the routing region. The main steps of the pathfinder are based on new parallel algorithms for cycle detection, cycle elimination and tree reduction. The pro- posed algorithms scale well with increased problem sizes since they require only O(log (N)) time when given a grid-graph with up to N2 nodes. As such they are good candidates for mas- sively data-parallel machines.
Sweet tooth reconsidered: Taste responsiveness in human obesity

Taste responses of normal-weight, obese, and formerly obese individuals for sucrose and fat containing stimuli were examined using a mathematical modelling technique known as the Response Surface Method. The subjects accurately rated intensities of sweetness, fatness, and creaminess of 20 different mixtures of milk, cream, and sugar, and no mixture phenomena or inter-group differences were observed. In contrast, hedonic taste responses varied across subject groups, and were affected differentially by the sucrose and lipid content of the stimuli. Normal-weight subjects optimally preferred stimuli containing 20% lipid and less than 10% sucrose. Obese subjects preferred high-fat stimuli (greater than 34% lipid) that contained less than 5% sucrose, while formerly obese subjects showed enhanced responsiveness to both sugar and fat. Hedonic responsiveness as measured by the optimal sugar/fat ratio was negatively correlated with the degree of overweight (body mass index: weight/height). We hypothesize that sensory preferences for dietary sugars and fats aren determined by body-weight status and may affect the patterns of food consumption.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of emergency department providers in the care of suicidal patients.

BACKGROUND: We sought to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of emergency department (ED) providers concerning suicidal patient care and to identify characteristics associated with screening for suicidal ideation (SI). METHODS: Six hundred thirty-one providers at eight EDs completed a voluntary, anonymous survey (79% response rate). RESULTS: The median participant age was 35 (interquartile range: 30-44) years and 57% of the participants were females. Half (48%) were nurses and half were attending (22%) or resident (30%) physicians. More expressed confidence in SI screening skills (81-91%) than in skills to assess risk severity (64-70%), counsel patients (46-56%), or create safety plans (23-40%), with some differences between providers. Few thought mental health provider staffing was almost always sufficient (6-20%) or that suicidal patient treatment was almost always a top ED priority (15-21%). More nurses (37%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31-42%) than physicians (7%, 95% CI 4-10%) reported screening most or all patients for SI; this difference persisted after multivariable adjustment. In multivariable analysis, other factors associated with screening most or all patients for SI were self-confidence in skills, (odds ratio [OR] 1.60, 95% CI 1.17-2.18), feeling that suicidal patient care was a top ED priority (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.11-2.69) and 5+ postgraduate years of clinical experience (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.03-4.13). CONCLUSIONS: ED providers reported confidence in suicide screening skills but gaps in further assessment, counseling, or referral skills. Efforts to promote better identification of suicidal patients should be accompanied by a commensurate effort to improve risk assessment and management skills, along with improved access to mental health specialists. Language: en
Some physical properties of soap/solvent systems and their relation to the solubility parameter of the solvent

Abstract Certain solubility-linked physical properties of soap/solvent systems have been shown to be functions of the solubility parameter of the solvent. The lowest critical solution temperatures for zinc and lead stearates occur in solvents having a solubility parameter of 8.9. Maximum swelling of lithium and sodium stearate/solvent systems occurs at a solvent solubility parameter of 9.3. In addition, the gel/jelly-sol transition temperatures for aluminum dilaurate/solvent systems have been shown to be an approximately linear function of solvent solubility parameter. A qualitative explanation for the observed results is based upon an analogy to high polymer/solvent systems.
Superposition of Quadratic Potential Force Fields for Distributed Manipulation

Planar quadratic potential fields are useful for distributed manipulation because they are readily analyzable and naturally produce predictable equilibria. This generally simplifies implementation since feedback and control may not be necessary. Traditionally, to dynamically produce moving fields for complex manipulation tasks, these fields had to be realized by highly capable but redundant actuator arrays. This paper suggests a new method: Using simpler devices to generate basic component fields, and superposing these fields to produce desired fields with similar degrees of freedom. This approach is particularly useful for naturally produced force fields which do not allow the dynamic moving and changing of a field but allow for superposition and thus can be spatially combined to produce the desired net behaviors. A vector representation of these fields is developed and applied to two problems: How to place the fields in space to span the maximum possible configuration space, and how to generate an optimal solution to generate a desired field by a superposition of a fixed field arrangement with minimal effort from each field. Finally, we experimentally validated these methods using airflow fields based on phenomenological and time superposition.
Some Pharmacological Characteristics of Bacitracin III. Chronic Toxicity Studies of Commercial Bacitracin in the Dog and Monkey.

Summary1. Following prolonged daily administration of crude bacitracin concentrates in dogs and monkeys, no significant changes in blood morphology were observed. 2. Injection of bacitracin solution (6000 units per cc) into the shaved abdominal skin, and instillation of bacitracin (1200 units per cc) into the conjunctival sac of the rabbit caused little irritation. 3. Repeated intramuscular injection of 1000 units of bacitracin per kg 3 times each day for 23 days into the dog produced local induration. 1500 units per kg twice a day for 45 days in the same area in monkeys produced both induration and small areas of necrosis. 4. In the dog, urine samples remained negative for sugar and albumin while in the monkey, sugar and albumin appeared in the urine as the animals continued on test. 5. Large doses of bacitracin, approximating the LD50? produced damage to the renal tubules, with tubular necrosis in the mouse. In the rat and the dog, the lesions were, insignificant, while in the monkey, necrotic cells wer...
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Interaction of Cationic Biocides with Lipid Bilayers: Aggregation Effects and Bilayer Damage

A novel class of phenylene ethynylene polyelectrolyte oligomers (OPEs) has been found to be effective biocidal agents against a variety of pathogens. The mechanism of attack is not yet fully understood. Recent studies have shown that OPEs cause catastrophic damage to large unilamellar vesicles. This study uses classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand how OPEs interact with model lipid bilayers. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show that aggregates of OPEs inserted into the membrane cause significant structural damage and create a channel, or pore, that allows significant leakage of water through the membrane on the 0.1 μs time scale.
Dispersion in porous media, continuous-time random walks, and percolation.

A promising approach to the modeling of anomalous (non-Gaussian) dispersion in flow through heterogeneous porous media is the continuous-time random walk (CTRW) method. In such a formula on the waiting time distribution ψ(t) is usually assumed to be given by ψ(t)∼t-1-α, with α fitted to the experimental data. The exponent α is also related to the power-law growth of the mean-square displacement of the solute with the time t ∼ tζ. Invoking percolation and using a scaling analysis, we relate α to the geometrical exponents of percolation (ν, β, and βB) as well as the exponents μ and e that characterize the power-law behavior of the effective conductivity and permeability of porous media near the percolation threshold. We then explain the cause of the nonuniversality of α in terms of the nonuniversality of μ and e in continuum systems, and in percolation models with long-range correlations, and propose bounds for it. The results are consistent with the experimental data, both at the laboratory and field scales.
Concomitants of alcoholism: differential effects of thiamine deficiency, liver damage, and food deprivation on the rat brain in vivo

Serious neurological concomitants of alcoholism include Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE), Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study was conducted in animal models to determine neuroradiological signatures associated with liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), thiamine deficiency caused by pyrithiamine treatment, and nonspecific nutritional deficiency caused by food deprivation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to evaluate brains of wild-type Wistar rats at baseline and following treatment. Similar to observations in ethanol (EtOH) exposure models, thiamine deficiency caused enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Liver damage was not associated with effects on cerebrospinal fluid volumes, whereas food deprivation caused modest enlargement of the cisterns. In contrast to what has repeatedly been shown in EtOH exposure models, in which levels of choline-containing compounds (Cho) measured by MRS are elevated, Cho levels in treated animals in all three experiments (i.e., liver damage, thiamine deficiency, and food deprivation) were lower than those in baseline or controls. These results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that MRS-detectable Cho is labile and can depend on a number of variables that are not often considered in human experiments. These results also suggest that reductions in Cho observed in humans with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may well be due to mild manifestations of concomitants of AUD such as liver damage or nutritional deficiencies and not necessarily to alcohol consumption per se.
Grey Correlation Analysis on China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry and Energy-saving Environmental Protection Industry

The paper applies gray relational analysis method,empirical analysis the gray relational relations between the China's equipment manufacturing industry,energy saving and environmental protection industry.The results show that China's equipment manufacturing industry,energy saving and environmental protection industry has a high degree of association.Equipment manufacturing industry should be integrated with the depth of the energy saving and environmental protection industries to achieve the joint development of industrial clusters docking.
Anesthesia for ECT.

This article reviews the use of sedatives and narcosis agents, muscle relaxants, and ventilation that are specific to ECT anesthesia rather than surgical anesthesia. Particular focus is given to interference with a seizure by pretreatment sedation and anesthetic narcosis; dosage of succinylcholine and alternatives to succinylcholine; emergence agitation; and the effects of ventilation on seizure quality.
Infections complicating severe pancreatitis.

SUMMARY Infections accompanying severe pancreatitis are secondary and of three types: infected pancreatic necrosis, infected pseudocyst (including peripancre-atic fluid collection), and pancreatic abscess. The first is an earlier, more morbid process, with antibiotics supportive and surgical debridement necessary. The latter two processes occur later in the course of pancreatitis and are less morbid. Antibiotics are supportive and invasive-nonsurgical drainage methods are possible. The decision for intervention is based first on clinical toxicity as determined by an overall assessment by the clinician. The presence of parenchymal necrosis is best determined by the dynamic bolus CT scan. The presence of infection is best determined by percutaneous CT-guided aspiration. Infected necrosis is fatal unless treated with operative intervention. A peripancreatic fluid collection, pseudocyst, or pancreatic abscess needs to be treated if symptomatic. If infected, as determined by CT-guided needle aspiration, then they should be drained. Radiologic or endoscopic invasive-nonsurgical methods are tried initially and then surgery is attempted if they fail. The nonsurgical methods are most successful with pancreatitis of a nonbiliary or a nonalcohol etiology.
Interactions between Algal Extracellular Polymeric Substances and Commercial TiO2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media

The implications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the environment are often investigated using pristine particles. However, there are several biogenic and geogenic materials in natural waters that interact with and modify the surface of ENMs, thereby influencing their fate and effects. Here we studied the influence of soluble extracellular polymeric substances (sEPS) produced by freshwater and marine algae on the surface properties and fate of three commercial TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) with different coatings. Adsorption of sEPS by the various nTiO2 is dependent on particle surface area, intrinsic nTiO2 surface charge, and hydrophobicity. Interactions between sEPS and nTiO2 were driven by electrostatic interactions and chemical bonding (bridge-coordination) between the COO– group of sEPS and nTiO2. Charge reversal of positively charged nTiO2 was observed at pH 7 in the presence of 0.5 mg-C/L sEPS. In addition, the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of nTiO2 increased in the presence of sEPS—fr...
H(OH), H(OH), H(OH): a holiday perspective. Focus on “Mouse Slc4a11 expressed in Xenopus oocytes is an ideally selective H+/OH− conductance pathway that is stimulated by rises in intracellular and extracellular pH”

congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED; OMIM no. 217700) is a rare disorder of the corneal endothelium that results in early onset corneal edema and visual impairment. SLC4A11 is the most disparate member of the family of SLC4 -gene encoded proteins that includes anion exchangers (AEs)
The fourth face of legitimacy: Constituent power and the constitutional legitimacy of international institutions

Scholars of international organisation commonly differentiate among three dimensions when studying the legitimacy of international institutions: input, throughput, and output legitimacy. I argue that the study of global governance needs to consider a fourth ‘face’ of legitimacy: constitutional legitimacy. This dimension addresses the normative and practical questions related to the constitutive justification for an institutional order – such as in whose name it is founded, whose interests it should serve, and how authority should be distributed within that institutional order. These questions are distinct from the procedural features of institutions emphasised by other dimensions and concern the constituent power that should ground the authority of governance institutions. In this article, I develop this fourth dimension of legitimacy, explore its varied expressions in world politics, and show how it has implications for the constitutional structure of global governance arrangements. I argue that different representations of constituent power shape the legitimacy of different authority relations within international institutions and illustrate these claims with an analysis of the politics of legitimacy in three cases: the ongoing effort to reform the UN Security Council, the negotiations over the founding of the International Criminal Court, and the debates over the Responsibility to Protect at the UN.
Photophysiology and hydrogen peroxide generation of the dinoflagellate and chlorophyte symbionts of the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima

Abstract Associating with algal symbionts is considered largely beneficial for cnidarians such as corals and sea anemones, yet there are potential costs of hosting symbionts, such as the production of reactive oxygen species. We compared the photophysiology and H 2 O 2 production rates of Symbiodinium muscatinei and Elliptochloris marina , the dinoflagellate and chlorophyte symbionts, respectively, of the temperate sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima. Analyses of photosystem II ( PSII ) function in the two symbionts, including maximum quantum yield and relative electron transport rates, were consistent with prior studies indicating that E. marina has lower photosynthetic performance than S. muscatinei at high temperature and irradiance. The efficiency of PSII in both symbionts was positively affected by the addition of exogenous catalase, suggesting that both symbionts experience H 2 O 2 -mediated declines in PSII efficiency. We found that S. muscatinei produced more H 2 O 2 than E. marina across all treatments, with the highest production under high light and temperature. Results were similar in experiments involving both isolated symbionts and symbionts residing within intact tentacles, indicating that the potential stress of symbiont isolation was not a significant factor biasing our results. Despite the lower typical densities of S. muscatinei relative to E. marina , extrapolations of cell-specific H 2 O 2 production rates to the intact symbiosis suggest that S. muscatinei imposes a greater H 2 O 2 burden on A. elegantissima. Even with this burden, however, the considerably higher productivity and fitness of S. muscatinei- bearing anemones documented in prior studies suggests that the net benefit of hosting S. muscatinei exceeds that of E. marina.
A Corrosion Model for Nuclear Waste Containers

Theory of a mechanistic model for estimating the maximum rate of uniform corrosion for a steel or copper container in a saturated repository environment is described. Four oxidants that are considered are oxygen, sulfate, radiolysis products, and water. Rates of corrosion from oxygen and sulfate reduction are assumed limited by the rate of inward diffusion of the oxidant through the rock, packing, and corrosion product layers surrounding the container. Reduction of water is limited by kinetic processes as influenced by mass transfer of products and reactants, temperature, and pH. Substantial changes in the system resulting from the corrosion process are predicted to occur over time.
Abstract 1473: Role of acetyltransferases CBP and p300 in de novo fatty acid synthesis in colorectal cancer

CBP/p300 are two paralogous lysine acetyltransferases that acetylate protein substrates including histones, and serve as transcriptional co-activators for numerous signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recently, evidence has emerged that p300 regulates the transcription of genes involved in lipogenesis in cancers. Dysregulated lipogenesis and increased de novo production of fatty acids (FA) represent a major metabolic shift in cancer. De novo FA synthesis in cancer is suggested to be a source of lipids for membrane biogenesis, a reservoir of energy, and a source of pro-survival signaling molecules. Therefore, de novo FA synthesis has been linked to survival and increased proliferation of cancer cells, representing a potential area for therapeutic intervention. While emerging evidence indicates CBP/p300 may play a key role in regulating lipogenesis, little is known about the mechanism of how these proteins control lipid production in different cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly diagnosed human cancer and is a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Key regulators for de novo FA synthesis, such as FASN, have been reported to be elevated in colorectal cancer. We analyzed publically available data sets and report that in colon adenocarcinoma, the mRNA levels of CBP/p300 positively correlate with the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, such as FASN, SREBP1 and SREBP2. Furthermore, our analysis shows that EP300 expression is negatively correlated with patient survival. Strikingly, our preliminary data suggests that HDAC inhibitors may regulate p300 activity and could serve as a therapeutic approach for suppressing lipogenesis. We are currently utilizing small molecule inhibitors, genetic manipulation of the CREBBP/EP300 genes, and biochemical experiments to investigate the role of CBP/p300 in de novo FA synthesis in colorectal cancer. We hypothesize that inhibition of CBP/p300 could be an attractive therapeutic option for inhibiting tumor growth through downregulating de novo FA synthesis in colorectal cancer. (Supported by grants from James and Esther King Biomedical Research Program and Bankhead-Coly Cancer Research Program, Florida Department of Health.) Citation Format: Aaron Waddell, Iqbal Mahmud, Daiqing Liao. Role of acetyltransferases CBP and p300 in de novo fatty acid synthesis in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1473.
Distribution-free ranked-set sample procedures for umbrella alternatives in the m-sample setting

In settings where measurements are costly and/or difficult to obtain but ranking of the potential sample data is relatively easy and reliable, the use of statistical methods based on a ranked-set sampling approach can lead to substantial improvement over analogous methods associated with simple random samples. Previous nonparametric work in this area has been concentrated almost exclusively on the one- and two-sample location problems. In this paper we develop ranked-set sample procedures for the m-sample location setting where the treatment effect parameters follow a restricted umbrella pattern. Distribution-free testing procedures are developed for both the case where the peak of the umbrella is known and for the case where it is unknown. Small sample and asymptotic null distribution properties are provided for the peak-known test statistic.
Debating Ethical Research with Human Subjects

[full article in English] Drawing on our experience serving on an ethics review board in the United States, two scholars present three fictionalized examples to illustrate three issues in reviewing research proposals for the protection of human subjects. These are (1) the impetus for the creation of new knowledge on topics of significance, especially involving those considered to be vulnerable participants, (2) balancing the needs of novice and experienced researchers to design studies that contribute to their fields of interest while protecting the interests of participants and (3) disagreements among board members on the requirements for responsible conduct of research. Recommendations are provided for ethical review to the faculty who supervise student research as well as new scholars submitting proposals for ethical review.
The FTC in 1988: Phoenix or Finis?:

The Federal Trade Commission (“Commission,” “FTC,” or “agency”) next year will celebrate the 75th anniversary of its founding. This diamond jubilee undoubtedly will serve as the catalyst for some c...
Melanization, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and steroid hormones in male western fence lizards from nine populations.

Abstract Hormones can mediate suites of correlated traits. Melanocortins regulate melanin synthesis and elements of the melanocortin system can directly, and indirectly, affect a number of other traits, such as stress reactivity. Trait correlations within the melanocortin system have been studied mainly in birds and mammals but less so in reptiles. We examined adult male western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) and if melanization was correlated with plasma levels of three hormones, including peptide hormone α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), testosterone and corticosterone, and ectoparasite loads. This lizard is darker at higher elevations in California, and we compared five high-elevation and four low-elevation populations during comparable periods of the breeding season at each site. We first validated use of an α-MSH assay kit with lizard plasma. Since Anolis carolinensis is one of the few species with published values for α-MSH plasma levels, we assayed both Anolis and Sceloporus plasma and compared hormone values to those we generated for Anolis to the publish values. We also evaluated effects of different methods of storing spiked plasma pools on resulting α-MSH concentrations. Plasma levels of α-MSH did not differ significantly, but some populations differed significantly in mean corticosterone and mean testosterone. Combining all individuals from the nine populations, we found that individual variation in α-MSH was not associated with individual variation in melanization, but levels of α-MSH were positively associated with plasma testosterone and negatively associated with corticosterone. The lack of association between individual levels of melanization and expression of most other traits differs from a growing number of within-population studies of melanization, and we discuss what differences in physiological mechanisms could produce different hypothetical patterns. Circulating levels of -MSH are only one element of the melanocortin system; in situ synthesis of α-MSH by the skin and the diversity of melanocortin receptors could also contribute to variation in traits mediated by the melanocortin system and should be examined.
Does Slight Skewness Matter

Researchers feel they have the green light to ignore low levels of skewness because the central limit theorem indicates that such levels do not seriously compromise the validity of significance tests (e.g., Rouaud, 2013). And yet, significance testing is not the only issue, and the present focus is on two other issues where the central limit theorem does not come to the rescue. First, there is the question of how well the sample location statistic estimates the population location parameter. Surprisingly, skewness increases the precision of the estimation, and this increase in precision is impressive even with very low levels of skewness. Thus, by ignoring low levels of skewness, researchers are throwing away an important advantage. Second, experimental manipulations can cause differences in means across conditions, when there is no difference in locations across conditions; so the experiment seems to have worked based on means, when it really has not worked based on locations. Thus, moderate effect sizes can be caused by slight changes in skewness. For both reasons, it is recommended that researchers always attend to skewness, even when it is slight; and consider locations whenever they consider means.
Account Lockouts: Characterizing and Preventing Account Denial-of-Service Attacks

To stymie password guessing attacks, many systems lock an account after a given number of failed authentication attempts, preventing access even if proper credentials are later provided. Combined with the proliferation of single sign-on providers, adversaries can use relatively few resources to launch large-scale application-level denial-of-service attacks against targeted user accounts by deliberately providing incorrect credentials across multiple authentication attempts.
Marijuana Use and Achievement Motives: An Exploratory Analysis of Self-Reported Health Among Adult Cannabis Consumers:

The purpose of this study was to explore self-reported physical health and achievement motives in a sample of adult cannabis consumers. An online target sample (n = 181) of adult cannabis consumers...