cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two tomato non‐symbiotic haemoglobin genes are differentially expressed in response to diverse changes in mineral nutrient status

The role of plant non-symbiotic haemoglobins remains undefined, but recent findings suggest a possible role in plant nitrate nutrition. This study sought to characterize patterns of gene expression for two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) non-symbiotic haemoglobin genes, and to examine how diverse changes in nutrient status influences the expression of these two genes. The deduced amino acid sequences of the genes examined, SOLly GLB1 and SOLly GLB2, are 55% identical. SOLly GLB1 mRNA is present in highest abundance in roots and older stems, whereas SOLly GLB2 mRNA abundance is highest in leaves, but detectable in other tissues including roots. The SOLly GLB1 mRNA levels increased rapidly in roots in response to each nutrient treatment examined in hydroponic culture, including the individual removal of phosphate, potassium and iron from the culture medium, as well as by the addition of nitrate. In contrast, the levels of SOLly GLB2 mRNA were not significantly altered in response to these same treatments. These results are the first report that non-symbiotic haemoglobin gene expression can be influenced by a broad range of changes both in mineral macronutrient and micronutrient status, suggesting a previously unrecognized generic role for non-symbiotic haemoglobins in processes associated with mineral nutrient nutrition.
Generalized reliability results for 1-out-of-n:G repairable systems

The author examines a class of 1-out-of-n:G systems consisting of n nominally identical units in parallel redundancy serviced by a single repair facility. Assuming constant failure rates and general repair distributions permits the problem of finding the Laplace transform of the time-to-system-failure distribution and the mean time-to-system-failure to be reduced to solving a closed-form system of (n-1) by (n-1) linear equations, for n at least 4. Numerical results are presented using a model of a satellite maintenance service. >
Measuring Physical Violence and Rape Against Somali Women Using the Neighborhood Method

This study was conducted to estimate prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) among female Somalis in Ethiopian refugee camps and host communities, compare prevalence in camps and communities, and compare prevalence in flight and in camp. Systematic random sampling was used to select households in Awbare camp (n = 85), Awbare town (n = 76), and Kebribeyah camp (n = 83). GBV was common and overwhelmingly domestic. Prevalence was higher in Awbare town than Kebribeyah camp. Women were at increased risk of GBV in camp compared with in flight. The domestic nature of GBV in humanitarian settings requires attention. Assumptions about violence in humanitarian settings should be further tested.
Tafoni Development in the Bahamas

Tafoni are cuspate pseudokarst weathering features with sloping sediment covered floors, and overhangs and projections, occurring in many rock types. Tafoni appear to be polygenetic. Tafoni have been confusingly defined in many ways: variations in size, rock type, and formation mechanisms. This study addresses tafoni in Quaternary eolian carbonates of the Bahamas to help better define the term. Both large (meters) and small (decimeters) tafoni were studied and comparisons were made between tafoni occurring in Pleistocene and Holocene aged rock units. The differentiation between the main cave types on these islands: tafoni, flank margin caves, and sea caves, is important as all three cave types form in the same area, but flank margin and sea caves can be used as paleo-sea level indicators, while tafoni cannot. Small tafoni were measured and studied from cliff faces and various cultural locations and show a growth rate of 0.022 m3/year; and may amalgamate to form larger tafoni, which grew at faster rate of 0.65 m3/year as a result of that amalgamation. Petrographic analysis was done to help identify tafoni-forming mechanisms; results revealed no evaporites present, removing crystal wedging as a formation mechanism in this environment, while other data indicated wind erosion as the primary mechanism.
Passivation of Titanium by Molybdate Ion

Abstract The passivating effect of molybdate ion on the corrosion of titanium in deaerated, boiling 1N H2SO4 has been explored. In this medium, in the absence of molybdate ion, titanium rapidly corrodes. An immediate passivation process for Ti is observed when Mo+6 at a concentration as low as 3 mM is added to an H2SO4 solution in which Ti is actively corroding. The open circuit potential attained for Ti in molybdate solution is shown to be controlled by redox processes. Through a combination of surface analytical and electrochemical data, it is shown that upon immersion of Ti in acidic molybdate solution, the native TiO2 oxide is replaced by a salt film containing Mo. This film is adherent when a passivated electrode is transferred to a molybdate-free solution, and it provides a corrosion resistant barrier.
Specific Features of the Formation of Wear-Resistant Titanium-Carbide Coatings by the Method of Electrophoretic Deposition

We present the results of investigation of the possibilities of application of the method of electrophoretic deposition for the formation of the wear-resistant coatings based on titanium carbide and the dependence of the yield of deposits on the technological modes of the process. It is shown that adhesively strong titanium carbide coatings can be obtained on steel substrates by liquid-phase sintering of electrophoretic deposits under the condition that a nickel–phosphorus sublayer of the eutectic composition is added to the composition of the coating.
Veterinary Antibiotic Effects on Atrazine Degradation and Soil Microorganisms.

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in manure applied to agricultural lands may change agrichemical degradation by altering soil microbial community structure or function. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of two VAs, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC), on atrazine (ATZ) degradation, soil microbial enzymatic activity, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers. Sandy loam soil with and without 5% swine manure (w/w) was amended with 0 or 500 μg kgC radiolabeled ATZ and with 0, 100, or 1000 μg kg SMZ or OTC and incubated at 25°C in the dark for 96 d. The half-life of ATZ was not significantly affected by VA treatment in the presence or absence of manure; however, the VAs significantly ( 10 d. The VAs had limited adverse effects on the microbial enzymes β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase in soils with and without manure. In contrast, manure application stimulated dehydrogenase activity and altered chlorinated ATZ metabolite profiles. Concentrations of PLFA markers were reduced by additions of ATZ, manure, OTC, and SMZ; adverse additive effects of combined treatments were noted for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and actinobacteria. In this work, the VAs did not influence persistence of the ATZ parent compound or chlorinated ATZ metabolite formation and degradation. However, reduced CO evolved from VA-treated soil suggests an inhibition to the degradation of other ATZ metabolites due to an altered soil microbial community structure.
High-temperature Oxidation Behavior of a High Manganese Austenitic Steel Fe–25Mn–3Cr–3Al–0.3C–0.01N

In this paper, a Fe–Mn–Al–C austenitic steel with certain addition of Cr and N alloy was used as experimental material. By using the SETSYS Evolution synchronous differential thermal analysis apparatus, the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the electron microprobe (EPMA) and the X-ray diffraction (XRD), the high-temperature oxidation behavior microstructure and the phase compositions of this steel in air at 600–1,000 °C for 8 h have been studied. The results show that in the whole oxidation temperature range, there are three distinct stages in the mass gain curves at temperature higher than 800 °C and the oxidation process can be divided into two stages at temperature lower than 800 °C. At the earlier stage the gain rate of the weight oxidized in temperature range of 850 °C to 1,000 °C are extremely lower. The oxidation products having different surface microstructures and phase compositions were produced in oxidation reaction at different temperatures. The phase compositions of oxide scale formed at 1,000 °C are composed of Fe and Mn oxide without Cr. However, protective film of Cr oxide with complicated structure can be formed when the oxidation temperature is lower than 800 °C.
H02 Progress report for the model-HD project (follow-up on EHDN announcement)

Background MODEL-HD is a collaborative effort involving CHDI, FDA and the HD research community to develop a disease progression model for Huntington9s Disease. Disease progression models like the one here envisaged are considered good tools to plan clinical research and to help to simulate clinical trials. Methods/techniques Competing models (based on nonlinear mixed effects and other modelling techniques) are being fit to a combined data set using data from observational studies (REGISTRY, COHORT, PREDICT, TRACK and ENROLL) and selected clinical trials (CARE, Horizon, and others as they become available). These models are being developed by a team of experienced modellers (the MODEL-HD working group) and are under review by an advisory committee made up of HD scientists and clinical experts. Results/outcome We present our current base model for the age at first appearance and rate of progression of selected signs and symptoms of HD as functions of age and CAG length fit to data from REGISTRY, COHORT and other studies (as appropriate). Discussion We will discuss opportunities for future work that will be built upon this base model by attempting to include genetic, environmental, and life-style related variables that explain variability in disease progression and by attempting to characterise the diverse patterns of disease progression that appear in the study populations.
Bionomics of California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), on Orange Fruits, Leaves, and Wood in California's San Joaquin Valley

Development and reproduction of California red scale (CRS)were monitored on navel orange trees in a grove in California's San Joaquin Valley between 1976 and 1978. Three generations were completed each year with a possible fourth on fruits. The number of crawlers settling in each succeeding generation in a given year increased on fruit, decreased on wood, and remained comparatively stable on leaves. Fruits were the most advantageous settling site, followed by leaves or green twigs, and wood the poorest. In general, CRS on the more favorable substrates had comparatively faster maturation, higher percentage of juvenile survivorship, and greater reproductive rates. Reproductive life span was little influenced by substrate. Sex ratios favored males on leaf tops, females on fruits, and usually females on wood. A large proportion of juvenile CRS died during cold winters, but hot summer temperatures had little apparent effect on survival. The parasitoid Comperiella bifasciata Howard completed three or four generations annually with highest percentage of parasitism in CRS on fruits and lowest in CRS on wood.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production by [Ni(7PPh2NH)2]2+: Removing the Distinction Between Endo- and Exo-Protonation Sites

A new Ni(II) complex, [Ni(7PPh2NH)2H]3+ (7PPh2NH = 3,6-diphenyl-1-aza-3,6-diphosphacycloheptane), has been synthesized, and its electrochemical properties have been reported. The 7PPh2NH ligand features an NH, ensuring properly positioned protonated amine groups (N–H+) for electrocatalysis, regardless of whether protonation occurs exo or endo to the metal center. The compound is an electrocatalyst for H2 production in the presence of organic acids (pKa range 10–13 in CH3CN), with turnover frequencies ranging from 160 to 780 s–1 at overpotentials between 320 and 470 mV, as measured at the potential of the catalytic wave. In stark contrast to [Ni(PPh2NR′2)2]2+ (PPh2NR′2 = 3,7-diphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane) and other [Ni(7PPh2NR′)2]2+ complexes, catalytic turnover frequencies for H2 production by [Ni(7PPh2NH)2]2+ do not show catalytic rate enhancement upon the addition of H2O. This finding supports the assertion that [Ni(7PPh2NH)2]2+ eliminates the distinction between the endo- and exo-protonat...
The grounding zone of the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, from ice-penetrating radar

As ice streams flow into the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, their bed coupling transitions from weak to transient to zero as the ice goes afloat. Here we explore the nature of the bed across these crucial grounding zones using ice-penetrating radar. We collected several ground-based 2 MHz radar transects across the grounding zones of Whillans and Kamb Ice Streams and inferred bed-reflectivity changes from in situ measurements of depth-averaged dielectric attenuation, made possible by the observation of both primary and multiple bed echoes. We find no significant change in the bed reflectivity across either grounding zone. Combined with reflectivity modeling, this observation suggests that a persistent layer of subglacial water (>∼0.2 m) is widespread several kilometers upstream of the grounding zone. Our results are consistent with previous inferences of gradual grounding zones across this sector of the Ross Ice Shelf from airborne radar and satellite altimetry. Separately, the only clear bed-reflectivity change that we observed occurs ∼40 km downstream of the Kamb Ice Stream grounding zone, which we attribute to the onset of marine ice accretion onto the base of the ice shelf. This onset is much nearer to the grounding zone than previously predicted.
Iron distribution in staurolite at room and low temperatures

Fe 2,33 Mg 0,94 Zn 0,65 Ti 0,09 Mn 0,08 Al 18,10 Si 7,26 O 43,8 (OH) 4,2 cristallise dans C2/m avec affinement jusqu'a 0,031 a temperature ambiante et 0,032 a 123 K
Psychedelic Drug Activity: Electronic, Steric and Biochemical Correlates

Discerning the interaction of any drug and its receptors is difficult . Before a direct attack on a molecular system that mediates a drug’s action is possible, indirect approaches are important . One of the most fruitful is to corre-late the varying pharmacological potencies of different analogues with varying activities on a test system. As a model of drug-receptor interactions, psychedelic agents present some tempting possibilities as well as almost insuperable difficulties. For instance, d-Lysergicacid diethylamide (d-LSD) is so extra-ordinarily potent, producing effects in man at doses as little as 20 micrograms per 70kg, that one can readily postulate a high degree of affinity for its receptor. Also, there are fairly extensive series of psychedelic drugs which, although apparently differing in structure, produce closely similar effects and seem to be acting on the same receptorsite which raises the question of just what psychotropic effects should be labeled“psychedelic”.
The Theory of Metal Cutting

Metal cutting is a process that has been extensively studied for the past half century. However, despite all the effort that has been expended, it is still not possible to predict the performance of a cutting tool based on the geometry and kinematics of the system and basic material properties. This is apparently because this process is extremely complex while the models adopted are relatively simple and fail to include all aspects of importance.
Solid-Liquid Thermal Transport and Its Relationship with Wettability and the Interfacial Liquid Structure.

Experiments and atomistic simulations have suggested the existence of a direct correlation between the wetting properties of a surface and heat transfer across it. In this investigation, molecular dynamics simulations of surface wettability and solid–liquid thermal transport were conducted in order to better understand the relationship between the surface chemistry and thermal transport. The wettability transparency of graphene-coated surfaces was considered in order to investigate heat transfer across a complex interface with similar wettability as a bare surface. The results indicate that the relationship between the interfacial heat transfer and wettability is not universal. The density depletion length was found to reconcile the thermal boundary conductance calculations for different bare and graphene-coated silicon surfaces.
The digital doctor: an experiment in wearable telemedicine

Consultation with various specialists and review of medical literature are key elements in superior, modern medical care. Because this information can be expensive and inconvenient to access, physicians and patients must typically compromise ideal care practices with practical realities. A wearable computer with the ability to transmit and receive test and image data without a direct connection during an examination can remove the need for such compromise, potentially allowing both better care and lower cost. In this paper we report on experiments conducted at the University of Rochester's Strong Hospital in which a wearable computer is used to create patient records and provide remote consultations during dermatological examinations.
Investigation of relationship between 2,3-butanediol toxicity and production during growth of Paenibacillus polymyxa

Understanding the capacity of Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 365 to tolerate increasing concentrations of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) is critical to engineering a 2,3-BD-overproducing strain. Hence, we investigated the response of P. polymyxa to high 2,3-BD concentrations. In fed-batch cultures (6-L bioreactor) 2,3-BD was accumulated to a maximum concentration of 47g/L despite the presence of residual 13g/L glucose in the medium. Concomitantly, accumulation of acetoin, the precursor of 2,3-BD increased after maximum 2,3-BD concentration was reached, suggesting that 2,3-BD was reconverted to acetoin after the concentration tolerance threshold of 2,3-BD was exceeded. Cultures of P. polymyxa were then challenged with levo-2,3-BD (20, 40 and 60g/L) at 0h in a glucose medium, and a concentration dependent growth inhibition response to levo-2,3-BD was observed. The growth of P. polymyxa was completely inhibited by 60g/L levo-2,3-BD. Furthermore, P. polymyxa was challenged with incremental 2,3-BD concentrations (20, 40 and 60g/L at 12, 24 and 36h, respectively) to mimic 2,3-BD accumulation during fermentation. Interestingly, 2,3-BD was reconverted to acetoin when its concentration reached 60g/L, possibly to alleviate 2,3-BD toxicity. Collectively, our findings indicate that 2,3-BD-mediated toxicity is a major metabolic impediment to 2,3-BD overproduction, thus, making it an important metabolic engineering target towards rational design of a 2,3-BD-overproducing strain.
Grit within the Context of Career Success: a Mixed Methods Study

Grit has been shown to predict success in several achievement-related domains but had not been studied in the career context. This mixed methods study examined whether grit predicted career success and explored the role and relevance of grit in career success for gritty, successful working adults. Four hundred twenty-three adults participated in the quantitative phase and provided survey responses to the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), the Career Satisfaction Scale (CSS), a career status measure, and salary information. Quantitative data were analyzed using correlational analysis, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. In this study, the correlational analysis showed that grit did not predict career success. Multiple regressions demonstrated that grit did not significantly add to any of the models using age and gender as covariates. Five individuals from the quantitative phase agreed to participate in the qualitative phase and were invited based on their top quartile scores on the Grit-S and CSS. Individual interviews served as the qualitative data collection method, and text data were analyzed using principles of positive psychology as a theoretical framework. Findings suggest that although gritty, successful participants perceived grit as necessary for their career success, they did not think it was sufficient. Participants named luck, opportunity, and networking as more important than grit in their success.
Linear depth reconstruction for RGBD sensors

Consumer-level depth cameras, referred to as RGBD devices, are important components to robotic recognition, mapping and navigation systems. Past research has provided detailed models for measurement and quantization noise inherent to these devices. Yet, to date, there has been no published work showing how to leverage these noise models to reduce the measured depth error. Existing approaches rely on colored images registered to the depth image to reconstruct depth, which work best when the device is calibrated and the scene lighting and surfaces allow for a Lambertian model. The proposed method is attractive since it works directly on the depth data without any need for calibration or assumptions regarding the scene. Reconstruction is accomplished using a two stage filter. The first stage removes impulse, i.e., “salt-and-pepper”, noise and adds noise, i.e., dithers, the depth at quantization boundaries. The second stage low-pass filters the depth to remove the added dithering noise. The dithering process is particularly useful for quickly removing large errors in depth at the extreme of the device range where the depth quantization and impulse noise incurs significant error. The proposed reconstruction approach has linear computational complexity and low computational cost. The algorithm is particularly useful for extracting smooth surfaces at the upper limits of the sensor measurement range where impulse noise and quantization errors are large (∼7.5cm) and can significantly degrade the performance of downstream recognition, navigation, and mapping algorithms.
Overview of high-risk medical device recalls in obstetrics and gynecology from 2002 through 2016: implications for device safety

The field of women's health has endured numerous recent controversies involving medical devices such as pelvic meshes, laparoscopic morcellators, and a hysteroscopic sterilization device. With the recent passage of the 21st Century Cures Act, new legislation will change how the Food and Drug Administration regulates medical devices. Given these controversies and new changes, we investigated high-risk, class I recalls in women's health from 2002 through 2016. Class I recalls for medical devices are defined by the Food and Drug Administration as the most serious recall events and are designated for situations when there is a reasonable probability of serious adverse health consequences or death. We defined a recall event as a group of unique Food and Drug Administration recalls that share a similar reason for recall and occurred within a 1-month time frame. In total, 7 class I recall events were identified encompassing 83 unique recalls affecting >88,000 medical devices in distribution. Recalls involved a broad range of devices used in women's health including diagnostic assays for chlamydia and gonorrhea, a laparoscopic tissue morcellator, and obstetrical/gynecological surgical kits. Four of 7 (57%) recall events were due to postmarketing problems such as improper packaging and labeling while the remaining 3 (43%) recalls were due to premarketing problems (eg, software issues). Additionally, 3 of 7 (43%) recall events were cleared via the 510(k) pathway, while the remaining were essentially exempt from any form of premarket approval. Two recall events involved sterility concerns of 71 surgical kits used in obstetrics and gynecological surgeries representing the majority of affected devices (78,423) in distribution. Class I medical device recalls are rare but serious events. Most recalled devices in women's health had minimal preapproval regulation and were recalled due to both premarketing and postmarketing reasons. Future regulatory efforts to improve postmarketing surveillance may mitigate the potential impact and frequency of class I recalls, but do not replace the need for a higher burden of proof for both safety and efficacy prior to medical device approval.
Disclosing Instagram Influencer Advertising: The Effects of Disclosure Language on Advertising Recognition, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intent

In this study we examined the effect of disclosure language (control/no disclosure, “SP,” “Sponsored,” and “Paid Ad”) in Instagram-based influencer advertising on ad recognition, brand attitude, pu...
Chiasmal compression caused by a dilated third ventricle

A young man presented with visual loss and field changes suggesting direct chiasmal compression by a neighboring neoplasm. Contrast radiography demonstrated obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a pineal tumor. The markedly dilated third ventricle was intrasellar in location and was causing chiasmal compression. The radiological and ophthalmological findings are discussed and correlated with of the operative findings with a review of the pertinent literature.
Use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) in the biopharmaceutical industry for real-time determination of critical process parameters and integration of advanced feedback control strategies using MIDUS control

Control of biopharmaceutical processes is critical to achieve consistent product quality. The most challenging unit operation to control is cell growth in bioreactors due to the exquisitely sensitive and complex nature of the cells that are converting raw materials into new cells and products. Current monitoring capabilities are increasing, however, the main challenge is now becoming the ability to use the data generated in an effective manner. There are a number of contributors to this challenge including integration of different monitoring systems as well as the functionality to perform data analytics in real-time to generate process knowledge and understanding. In addition, there is a lack of ability to easily generate strategies and close the loop to feedback into the process for advanced process control (APC). The current research aims to demonstrate the use of advanced monitoring tools along with data analytics to generate process understanding in an Escherichia coli fermentation process. NIR spectroscopy was used to measure glucose and critical amino acids in real-time to help in determining the root cause of failures associated with different lots of yeast extract. First, scale-down of the process was required to execute a simple design of experiment, followed by scale-up to build NIR models as well as soft sensors for advanced process control. In addition, the research demonstrates the potential for a novel platform technology that enables manufacturers to consistently achieve “goldenbatch” performance through monitoring, integration, data analytics, understanding, strategy design and control (MIDUS control). MIDUS control was employed to increase batch-to-batch consistency in final product titers, decrease the coefficient of variability from 8.49 to 1.16%, predict possible exhaust filter failures and close the loop to prevent their occurrence and avoid lost batches.
A dilemma for Epicureanism

Perhaps death’s badness is an illusion. Epicureans think so and argue that agents cannot be harmed by death when they’re alive (because death hasn’t happened yet) nor when they’re dead (because they do not exist by the time death comes). I argue that each version of Epicureanism faces a fatal dilemma: it is either committed to a demonstrably false view about the relationship between self-regarding reasons and well-being or it is involved in a merely verbal dispute with deprivationism. I first provide principled reason to think that any viable view about the badness of death must allow that agents have self-regarding reason to avoid (or seek) death if doing so would increase their total well-being. I then show that Epicurean views which do not preserve this link are subject to reductio arguments and so should be rejected. After that, I show that the Epicurean views which accommodate this desideratum are involved in a merely verbal dispute with deprivationism.
Effect of Reynolds number and saturation level on gas diffusion in and out of a superhydrophobic surface

Gas diffusion rates in and out of superhydrophobic surfaces in transitional and turbulent boundary layers are observed and measured at varying Reynolds numbers, pressures, and dissolved gas concentrations. Results show a power-law correlation between the Sherwood and friction Reynolds number.
Neural Representations Observed

The historical debate on representation in cognitive science and neuroscience construes representations as theoretical posits and discusses the degree to which we have reason to posit them. We reject the premise of that debate. We argue that experimental neuroscientists routinely observe and manipulate neural representations in their laboratory. Therefore, neural representations are as real as neurons, action potentials, or any other well-established entities in our ontology.
Orion Heat Shield Manufacturing Producibility Improvements for the EM-1 Flight Test Program

This paper describes how the Orion program is incorporating improvements in the heat shield design and manufacturing processes reducing programmatic risk and ensuring crew safety in support of NASA's Exploration Missions. The Orion program successfully completed the EFT-1 flight test in 2014 and is currently developing the EM-1 spacecraft to meet the test objectives of an orbital mission to the moon and return to earth in 2019. Lessons learned from the EFT-1 manufacturing and flight test experience are being incorporated into a wide variety of vehicle systems and manufacturing processes to reduce risk to the Orion missions and flight crew. A critical contributor to crew safety is the heat shield that protects the crew capsule during re-entry through the earth's atmosphere for return from deep space. The first flight test vehicle, EFT-1, was manufactured and tested in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout (O&C) facility at KSC to demonstrate early risk reduction including the functionality of the Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) for capsule safe return to earth. The approach for the EFT-1 heat shield utilized a low risk approach using Apollo heritage design and manufacturing processes using an Avcoat TPS ablator with a honeycomb substrate to provide a one piece heat shield to meet the mission re-entry heating environments. The manufacturing processes used honeycomb cell injection guns which were redeveloped from the Apollo Lunar Program processes to build the EFT-1 heat shield. The completed heat shield was transported across the country by aircraft to the O&C at KSC for installation onto the capsule. The EFT-1 heat shield successfully performed its mission and experienced ~80% of the re-entry velocity (50% heating rate) for a lunar return for an Exploration Mission. The second flight test vehicle is the EM-1 mission which will have additional flight systems installed to fly to the moon and return. Heat shield design and producibility improvements have been incorporated in the EM-1 vehicle to meet deep space mission and programmatic requirements. The design continues to use the Avcoat material, but in a “block” configuration to enable improvements in the application processes as well as additional improvements in the carrier structure design and manufacturing operations. Incorporating flight test results and producibility improvements from EFT-1 for the heat shield system design and processes have improved the thermal protection capability, improved the producibility, and cost for the EM-1 flight test.
Determinants of Normal Left Atrial Volume in Heart Failure with Moderate-to-Severely Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Background. Indexed left atrial volume (LAVi) is a robust predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. A minority of patients with moderate-to-severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction maintain normal LAVi. We followed clinical and echocardiographic parameters for at least 6 months to understand how this population is different from patients with similar systolic dysfunction and dilated left atria. Methods and Results. We searched our electronic medical records for “normal” and “severely dilated” LA size and LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35% on echocardiogram reports from 2009 to 2015. We analyzed 115 subjects for LAVi, biplane EF, and diastolic parameters over 2 echocardiograms at least 6 months apart. Younger age, white race, being on an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, smaller end-diastolic LV volume (LVEDV), and longer deceleration time (DT) were associated with having a normal LAVi. The receiver-operating characteristic curve has an area under the curve of 0.95 for this model. An increase in LVESVi and early mitral flow velocity and a decrease in DT explain 32% of the variance seen in LAVi increase over time. Conclusion. In patients with moderate-to-severely reduced EF, younger age, being on heart failure therapies, and better diastolic dysfunction were independently associated with a normal LAVi. Improvement in systolic and diastolic performances was associated with decreasing LAVi with 6-month to 1-year follow-up.
Market Demands and Characteristic Preferences for Pine Straw in Alabama

Pine straw is a popular landscape mulch material used by landowners and homeowners throughout the southeastern United States. Pine straw is collected, transported, and sold through an informal netw...
A Panorama of PHENIX Physics

Looking back on the development of the universe in the context of our present scientific understanding, we believe that the universe began with the big bang and subsequently expanded and cooled. Increasingly more complex forms of matter began to emerge as temperatures dropped sufficiently to allow matter to bind. Early on, the universe consisted of a plasma that included deconfined quarks and gluons. Within microseconds after the big bang, the temperature had decreased sufficiently for the strong force to bind the quarks and gluons into hadrons. With further cooling, nucleosynthesis followed and eventually electrons joined nuclei electromagnetically to form neutral atoms. After this stage, the gravitational force began to dominate the universe. A primary goal of relativistic heavy ion physics is to produce, detect, and describe the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase. Towards this end, four experiments have been built at RHIC: BRAHMS [1], PHENIX [2], PHOBOS [3], and STAR [4]. This paper describes experimental results from the first three years of experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider with a strong focus on data taken with the PHENIX detector.
Cerebral Imaging and Emotional Correlates

Emotional changes associated with cerebral damage are common and may range from depression to hypomania or complete denial of illness. Affective changes or reactions following a neurological event may vary depending on the nature, severity, and chronicity of the disorder and also may vary as a result of intraindividual factors such as age at onset, general health, additional physical sequelae, social supports, and premorbid personality. In addition to the psychological reactions to perceived alteration or loss of function that might be expected, emotional and psychological changes also may result as a direct consequence of damage to the brain (i.e., a neuroaffective disorder; see Figure 1).
Computer Simulations of the Action of Metalloenzymes

Metalloenzymes play a major role in many biological processes, including the action of G-proteins (e.g. refs. [1–4]), DNA-polymerases [5–9] and many other biologically important proteins [10]. Elucidating the origin of the catalytic activity of such systems, as well as understanding their detailed mechanism, is of major fundamental and practical importance. Thus, it is not surprising that many proposals have been put forward to explain the role of metals in metalloenzymes and the role of enzymes in general (e.g. ref. [11]). Yet, despite the enormous progress in structural and biochemical studies, it is hard to assess the importance of different catalytic factors based on current experimental information. For example, although mutation experiments are very useful, they only provide circumstantial evidence since they can be interpreted in different ways. In view of these difficulties, it seems clear that any progress in quantitative understanding of enzyme action requires the use of computer aided structure function correlation. This work will address the current state of the art in computer modeling of the action of metalloenzymes and consider some future options.
Staging Heidegger: Corporeal Philosophy, Cogntive Science, and the Theater

Identifying the extent to which neuroscience, bio-linguistics, and fundamental ontology intersect, this paper explores how cognitive science and Heidegger’s hermeneutic approach both indicate that “the mind,” as embodied in a physiological frame, operates in tandem with all of our affective mechanisms in order to fashion subjectivity and to construct a composite of “reality.” Emergent data in cognitive science also coincides with Heidegger’s assertion that the phenomenon of empathy plays a particularly salient role in human interaction and conceptions of selfhood. Since literary works can play such a radically important role in how we understand “the world” and how we conceptualize Otherness and since literature, itself, functions by evoking empathy, I propose that dramatic performance, as literature embodied, constitutes a particularly effective mode of representation through which being-in-the-world materializes aesthetically.
Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasodilatation and Ductus Arteriosus Constriction by Normoxia

In the fetus, the lungs are not ventilated and arterial oxygen tension is approximately 22 mmHg. Under these conditions, the ductus arteriosus is open and the pulmonary vasculature is constricted. At birth, the ductus constricts and the pulmonary vessels relax. The resting membrane potential in vascular smooth muscle cells is largely determined by potassium current. It appears that oxygen increases the potassium current in the smooth muscle cells of small pulmonary arteries, thus causing membrane hyperpolarization and inhibition of the voltage-gated calcium channel, which in turn leads to a reduction in cytosolic calcium and to relaxation. In the adult, the oxygen-sensitive potassium channels are delayed rectifiers (Kv). In the ductus arteriosus the oxygen-sensitive potassium channel is also in the Kv group but oxygen inhibits, rather than activates, the potassium current and thus causes depolarization, calcium entry, and contraction. The mechanism by which the gating of potassium channels changes in response to oxygen is not clear. Transgenic mice that lack the 91-kDa subunit of NADPH oxidase still have normal hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Thus, while a role for NADPH oxidase is unlikely, it seems plausible that the oxygen sensor may be part of the channel or be coexpressed with it.
Myiasis Secondary to Dermatobia hominis (Human Botfly) Presenting as a Long-standing Breast Mass

Abstract A case of a 54-year-old woman who presented with a breast mass is reported. Histologically, a chronic granulomatous inflammatory response was observed. The response was associated with an organism diagnosed as a fly larva, Dermatobia hominis (human botfly). The incidence of myiasis, infestation by fly larvae, presenting as a long-standing breast mass and mimicking a neoplasm is extremely rare, especially in the United States.
Contextual factors influencing medication management by rural informal caregivers of older adults.

Abstract Background Managing medications is an important part of the rural informal caregiver's role in the community setting, and the context within which care is provided plays an important role in shaping the work they perform. However, little is known about the intra- and interpersonal factors that impact the rural caregiver's involvement in and performance of medication management. Objectives To identify contextual factors influencing medication management by rural informal caregivers of older adults. Methods Four separate focus groups with rural caregivers of older adults were conducted with 5–9 caregivers per group. Participants were asked to describe the medication management activities performed and problems they encountered while providing assistance. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes using an inductive approach. Results Care recipient independence, or their ability and preference to perform medication-related activities without supervision, was a key factor driving the caregiver's involvement in medication management and how it was performed. Many caregivers used a team-based approach to medication management that supported the care recipient's independence. Care recipient health and function was a driver behind the need for caregiving, and declines in physical and mental health led to changes in how medication management was carried out over time. Caregiver location also impacted the ways in which medication management was performed by caregivers. Conclusions Interventions and pharmacy services to support medication management by rural informal caregivers should be designed in a way that preserves and promotes the care recipient's independence, and should be tailored to the context within which caregiving is performed.
Exercise increases skin graft resistance to rejection

Regular exercise reduces risk of various chronic diseases and can prevent the development and recurrence of cancer, making it a promising nonpharmacological modulator of disease. Yet the effect of regular exercise on solid organ transplant outcome remains uncertain. Using a model of voluntary wheel-running exercise and skin transplantation in mice, we hypothesized that exercise strengthens the alloimmune response, leading to an increased rate of rejection. Instead, we found that regular exercise in mice resulted in prolonged graft survival, with mean allograft survival time increasing by almost 50%. We observed this graft survival extension in exercised mice despite evidence of a slightly enhanced alloimmune response, comprised of increased proliferation of alloreactive CD4+ T cells, as well as increased interferon-γ production by these cells. Exercise was not associated with significant changes in numbers of conventional CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, NK cells, or Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that exercise increases skin graft resistance to a similar or slightly higher level of alloimmunity and supports regular exercise as an important beneficial pursuit for transplant recipients.
FPGA-based Distributed Edge Training of SVM

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a widely used supervised machine learning algorithm for classification. Training SVM is challenging due to high computational cost and memory requirements. More often such training is handled at back end servers leading to significant communication and energy overheads. This approach is unsuitable for edge analytics which is a growing trend with various IoT applications. Enabling efficient training on the edge requires a distributed computing approach that has negligible communication overhead and an energy-efficient hardware design to execute it. In this paper, we present a scalable FPGA-based design for distributed SVM training amenable for edge-based learning. Specifically, we implement a pipelined QRSVM IP logic on Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ VU9P FPGA. Each synthesized IP core operates at 125 MHz with a power dissipation of 39 Watts. We evaluate the training time, parallel speedup, scalability, and energy efficiency of the proposed design on five SVM benchmarks on a multiple FPGA system comprising up to eight FPGA units. When compared with software implementation on the traditional embedded system edge processors like ARM Cortex-A15, the proposed FPGA implementation is around 3x to 24x faster and 2x to 8x more energy efficient on the above benchmarks.
Visualizing Police Exposure by Race, Gender, and Age in New York City:

This figure depicts the disparities in average police stops in New York City from 2004 to 2012, disaggregated by race, gender, and age. Composed of six bar charts, each graph in the figure provides...
Racial/ethnic differences in survival among gastric cancer patients in california.

Gastric cancer is an important cause of death among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. The objective of this study was to investigate racial disparities in survival among gastric cancer patients within demographic and disease subgroups. Patients diagnosed with invasive epithelial gastric cancer between 2006 and 2015 were identified from the California Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify factors associated with survival among non-Hispanic whites (NHWs, n = 7,475), non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs, n = 1,246), Hispanics (n = 6,274), and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs, n = 4,204). Survival was compared across race/ethnicity within subgroups of demographic and disease factors. Five-year relative survival was also calculated within subgroups. There were notable differences in patient characteristics by race/ethnicity, but predictors of survival were similar for each group. Overall, APIs (HR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.88, p < 0.0001) and Hispanics (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90, 0.99, p = 0.0104) had better survival than NHWs, but NHBs and NHWs did not have different prognosis (HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.15, p = 0.2237). The survival advantage of APIs persisted in nearly every demographic and disease subgroup, but Hispanics and NHBs had similar survival as NHWs in most groups. Race was not a significant predictor of survival among those with public or no insurance and patients with cardia tumors. There are some differences in survival by race/ethnicity, but race/ethnicity alone cannot explain disparate outcomes in gastric cancer. Future studies, particularly ones that investigate the role of population-specific etiological factors and molecular tumor profiles, are needed to further understand factors associated with survival.
Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and DNA methylation in the placenta of the extremely low gestational age newborn (ELGAN) cohort.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz010.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvz010.].