cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Help to Harm: Increases in Status, Perceived Under-Reciprocation, and the Consequences for Access to Strategic Help and Social Undermining Among Female, Racial Minority, and White Male Top Managers

This paper explores how social psychological biases impede the social exchange relations of executives who ascend to high-status corporate leadership positions. We theorize that a combination of se...
The impact of CIEDs with automatic "wireless" remote monitoring on efficiency.

BACKGROUND A benefit of automatically transmitting or "wireless" CIEDs (W-CIED) is the prompt detection of device malfunction and arrhythmias. We hypothesized that the use of W-CIEDs would improve the efficiency of remote monitoring by decreasing unnecessary CIED remote transmissions because of the automatic detection of abnormalities. OBJECTIVE To compare the frequency of patient-initiated transmissions in patients with W-CIEDs versus non-wireless CIEDs (NW-CIED) at a single pediatric and congenital heart center. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of patients with W-CIEDs followed over a 2-year period compared to a similar cohort of patients with NW-CIED. All CIED remote transmissions during were reviewed for indication and outcome. RESULTS The W-CIED cohort had 87 patients; mean age 20 ± 13 years; NW-CIED cohort had 220 patients; mean age 22 ± (13) years. The mean number of symptomatic patient-initiated transmissions per patient was 0.93 ± 2.65 in the W-CIED cohort versus 0.39 ± 0.64 in the NW-CIED cohort (p ≤ .001). The mean number of asymptomatic patient-initiated transmission sent per patient in the W-CIED cohort was 1.86 ± 2.59 versus 0.81 ± 1.41 in the NW-CIED cohort (p ≤ .0001). Type of device, age, and presence of congenital heart disease were not significantly associated with the incidence of patient-initiated remote monitoring transmissions. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of patient-initiated transmission was higher in the W-CIED cohort, contradictory to the study hypothesis. This may reflect a lack of patient understanding of the benefit or functionality of W-CIEDs and may be mitigated by education to both providers and patients.
Bubble packing, eccentricity, and notochord development.

Abstract This paper develops a theoretical basis for the observed relationship between cell arrangements in notochords and analog physical models, and the eccentricity of their cross sections. Three models are developed and analyzed, of the mechanics of cell packing in sheaths. The key ratios governing the packing patterns and eccentricity are cells per unit length λ, tension ratio Γ, and eccentricity e. For flexible and semi-flexible sheaths, the optimal packing pattern shifts from “bamboo”, with a symmetric cross section, to “staircase”, with an eccentric cross section, at a critical value λ = 1.13. In rigid tubes, this threshold is lowered as imposed eccentricity is increased. Patterns can be observed which are not optimal; pattern transitions may occur below or above the critical λ values. The eccentricity of staircase patterns in flexible and semi-flexible tubes is found to be dependent on the tension ratio Γ, increasing as sheath tension decreases relative to interior cell tension. A novel “serpentine” packing pattern appears for low Γ near the critical λ. The developmental utility of enforcing notochord eccentricity is discussed, as well as potential mechanisms for such control.
Zaption: A Platform to Support Teaching, and Learning about Teaching, with Video

Digital video has exploded on the web, and many assume it will play a major role in education in the future. Just watching a video, however, does not necessarily lead to learning. Realizing the potential of video for learning will require new technologies that make video interactive, engage learners, and enable video to be embedded into routines of teaching. Zaption, a new video learning platform, is one such technology. In this article we describe the platform, and then discuss its potential for teaching, and for learning about teaching, with video.
Traffic quality based pricing in paid search using two-stage regression

While the cost-per-click (CPC) pricing model is main stream in sponsored search, the quality of clicks with respect to conversion rates and hence their values to advertisers may vary considerably from publisher to publisher in a large syndication network. Traffic quality shall be used to establish price discounts for clicks from different publishers. These discounts are intended to maintain incentives for high-quality online traffic and to make it easier for advertisers to maintain long-term bid stability. Conversion signal is noisy as each advertiser defines conversion in their own way. It is also very sparse. Traditional way of overcoming signal sparseness is to allow for longer time in accumulating modeling data. However, due to fast-changing conversion trends, such longer time leads to deterioration of the precision in measuring quality. To allow models to adjust to fast-changing trends with sufficient speed, we had to limit time-window for conversion data collection and make it much shorter than the several weeks window commonly used. Such shorter time makes conversions in the training set extremely sparse. To overcome resulting obstacles, we used two-stage regression similar to hurdle regression. First we employed logistic regression to predict zero conversion outcomes. Next, conditioned on non-zero outcomes, we used random forest regression to predict the value of the quotient of two conversion rates. Two-stage model accounts for the zero inflation due to the sparseness of the conversion signal. The combined model maintains good precision and allows faster reaction to the temporal changes in traffic quality including changes due to certain actions by publishers that may lead to click-price inflation.
A review of multiple user center design methods for new product development in smart and connected health applications

Evidences across industries including telecommunication, retail and trading, suggests many benefits are to be gained from automation. To obtain these benefits in the field of healthcare, there have been vast amount of studies conducted on utilization of technological capabilities during the past few decades. From medical information systems to Telemedicine to ubiquitous computing, smart and connected health applications are designed to have a positive impact on current and future health care practices. While there have been a lot of successful innovations in these applications, there have also been a lot of failure. Study of these applications highlights the importance of user involvements from the very early stage of new product development. This paper utilizes the categories identified in Smart and Connected Health (SCH) terminology recognized by National Science Foundation (NSF) to conduct a holistic study of different technological applications developed for healthcare to identify major barriers inhibiting their diffusion. The User Centered Design (UCD) methodologies proven valuable in industrial contexts are reviewed to highlight their characteristics and capabilities to facilitate user involvement. It references cases where they have been valuable toolkits to address barriers recognized. Finally, the study categorizes the major barriers captured throughout the study and recommends best user centered design(s) approaches to be deployed for superior front-end management of healthcare solution innovation.
High temperature hybrid silicon micro-ring lasers with thermal shunts

We demonstrate a hybrid silicon micro-ring laser design with novel thermal shunts. With this technique the hybrid silicon ring lasers with a 50 μm diameter operate continuous wave up to 105 °C.
Factors Affecting Stability of Rennin

Abstract The effects of temperature, pH, ionic strength, and ionic species on the stability of rennin were studied. Stability was determined by measuring decreases in clotting activity during 96 hr of incubation. Above pH 6.0, activity losses increased with pH, and were highly temperature dependent. They were accompanied by a precipitation of protein and appeared to be the result of pH denaturation. Maximum stability was maintained from pH 5.0 to 6.0. A region of instability was observed between pH 3.0 and 4.9 in buffers of 0.03 ionic strength. An instability maximum at pH 3.8 resulted in a loss of 35% of initial activity at 30C over 96 hr. When the ionic strength was increased from 0.03 to 1.0 with NaCl, with other conditions constant, activity losses increased from 35 to 70%. Under the same conditions of pH, ionic strength, and temperature, rennin was more stable in sodium citrate, sodium lactate, and ammonium sulfate than in sodium chloride or potassium chloride. Below pH 4.5, activity losses were accompanied by an increase in the amount of Ruhemann's purple formed by the action of ninhydrin on the rennin mixture. This suggested that activity losses were due in part to self-digestion.
On the design of path delay fault testable combinational circuits

A theoretical framework for investigating the design for the path-delay-fault testability problem is provided. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of general robust tests in a multioutput, multilevel circuit are given. The conditions for the existence of a more restricted class of robust tests are derived from those for general robust tests. A design procedure is given for the synthesis of multioutput, multilevel combinational logic circuits in which all path delay faults are robustly detectable. A powerful factorization method, that of extended factorization, was exploited for this purpose. >
Design and evaluation of a new and effective fairness scheme for multicasting in Internet-scale distributed systems

This paper argues that simply applying a multiple-tree scheme does not provide sufficient fairness for applications in an Internet-scale distributed system, in terms of performance. Motivated from the observation of the tax and donation systems in our society, we believe that a better way to define fairness, for performance's sake, is to factor in nodes' proportional contributions because it provides the opportunity to support many simultaneous multicasting sessions. This paper then presents a protocol, called FairOM (Fair Overlay Multicast), to enforce proportional contribution among peers in an Internet-scale distributed system.
Designing Isoelectronic Counterparts to Layered Group V Semiconductors

In analogy to III–V compounds, which have significantly broadened the scope of group IV semiconductors, we propose a class of IV–VI compounds as isoelectronic counterparts to layered group V semiconductors. Using ab initio density functional theory, we study yet unrealized structural phases of silicon monosulfide (SiS). We find the black-phosphorus-like α-SiS to be almost equally stable as the blue-phosphorus-like β-SiS. Both α-SiS and β-SiS monolayers display a significant, indirect band gap that depends sensitively on the in-layer strain. Unlike 2D semiconductors of group V elements with the corresponding nonplanar structure, different SiS allotropes show a strong polarization either within or normal to the layers. We find that SiS may form both lateral and vertical heterostructures with phosphorene at a very small energy penalty, offering an unprecedented tunability in structural and electronic properties of SiS-P compounds.
14CO2-Bildung aus [3-14C]Serin in roten Blutzellen

1 Substrate-free incubated erythrocytes and reticulocytes of rabbits form 14CO2 from [3-14C]-serine. 2 The 14CO2 formation from [3-14C]serine exhibits a maturation-dependent maximum, which is about ten times higher than that of erythrocytes. 3 The production of 14CO2 from [3-14C]serine requires the splitting off of the hydroxymethyl group with formation of glycine. Serine undergoes neither desamination nor transamination. This is indicated by the fact that neither pyruvate, nor lactate or alanine are labelled. The β-carbonatom of [3-14C]serine is found in the porphyrines and the 14CO2 formed from serine is diluted by inactive formate. 4 In erythrocytes the 14CO2 is formed exclusively from formate by the peroxidative action of catalase. If catalase is irreversibly inhibited with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole the 14CO2 formation from [3-14C]serine, is completely suppressed. 5 In reticulocytes there exists a second catalase-independent pathway of 14CO2 formation from [3-14C]serine, which is proposed to be as follows: condensation of formyl-tetrahydrofolate with succinyl-CoA with formation of α-ketoglutar-semialdehyde, its oxidation to α-ketoglutarate and oxidative decarboxylation to succinate. This pathway is indicated by the dilution of 14CO2 from [3-14C]serine by glycine and particularly by the incorporation of the β-carbon-atom of serine in α-ketoglutarate.
Furan-induced liver cell proliferation and apoptosis in female B6C3F1 mice

Furan is a potent rodent hepatocarcinogen that probably acts through non-genotoxic mechanisms involving hepatotoxicity and regenerative hepatocyte proliferation. In addition to inducing necrosis, cytotoxicants like furan may also induce cytolethality through apoptosis which has been suggested to play a key role in carcinogenesis. Hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis were studied in female B6C3F1 mice exposed to furan by oral gavage for 3 weeks at National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay doses (8 and 15 mg/kg body weight) and lower (4 mg/kg). Furan treatment led to a 2- to 3-fold significant increase in liver-related enzymes and bile acids in blood serum as compared to the control group. These changes were accompanied by minor subcapsular inflammation and minimal necrosis at 8 and 15 mg furan/kg. A dose-related increase in bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index (1.4- to 1.7-fold) and hematoxylin- and eosin-defined apoptotic index (6- to 15-fold) was observed at 8 and 15 mg/kg. Co-treatment of mice with aminobenzotriazole, an irreversible inhibitor of cytochromes P-450, prevented the observed hepatotoxic effects induced by furan. These results indicate that furan elicits hepatotoxicity in a dose-related manner through a toxic metabolite and, furthermore, suggest that apoptosis is an important form of cell death at hepatocarinogenic doses under short-term conditions.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the periplasmic dipeptide binding protein from Escherichia coli.

Abstract The periplasmic dipeptide-binding protein from Escherichia coli has been purified, freed of bound endogenous ligands, and crystallized. Crystals of the protein in complex with added dipeptides have been subjected to X-ray analysis. The crystals grow as hexagonal bipyramids or eye-shaped disks which have the symmetry of space group P 6 1 . The unit cell dimensions are a = b = 183 A, c = 212 A, and the diffraction pattern extends to 3·2 A resolution with a conventional X-ray source.
An analysis of the pattern of feeding in the Costa Rican weevil, Exopthalmus jekelianus, on the tropical tree, Cedrela odorata

Feeding patterns were recorded and analysed for adult female weevils, Exopthalmus jekelianus (White) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), feeding on Central American mahogany, Cedrela odorata L., in the field in Costa Rica. The study forms part of an investigation into the relationship between feeding patterns and the fine-scale variation in leaf chemistry occurring within the host plant. The weevils’ feeding patterns were the simplest in temporal structure of any reported to date for an insect herbivore. Weevils spent an average of only 3% of their time feeding during the 10-h observation periods. Meals lasted an average of 2.8 min and occurred at a mean intermeal interval of 84 min. The feeding patterns gave the appearance of a short-term rhythm underlying the onset of feeding (as has been found in locusts and caterpillars), although there were insufficient meals taken by individuals over the 10-h period to test this suggestion. Meals were notable in apparently lacking intrameal pauses and also commencing without preliminary sampling behaviours, such as palpating or biting. Whether the combination of short, infrequent meals, ingested without pauses and not preceded by sampling behaviour, represents an adaptation reducing apparency to natural enemies, or else simply reflects low nutritional needs, is discussed. Correlations between meal durations and following and preceding intermeal intervals suggested that variation in intermeal intervals stemmed largely from variation in meal duration, not vice versa, with variation in meal duration resulting from an external influence such as leaf nutritional and/or allelo-chemistry. The latter suggestion is currently being tested.
Adolescents' perceptions of the causes and consequences of success in sex-linked occupations

Junior and senior high school students rated the extent to which occupational success is attributable to internal versus external factors and the extent to which it results in negative versus positive outcomes; 144 seventh through twelfth graders responded to one of six success cues in which either a male or female character was depicted achieving success as a doctor, nurse, or department head. Junior high girls assigned a more positive valence to success than junior high boys (p<.001), with no sex differences among the senior high subjects. Girls of both age groups were more likely to rate success as difficult to achieve (p<.01) and requiring more effort (p<.05), while boys were more likely to indicate that success was a function of luck (p<.01). Socialization influences which may have mediated the age and sex differences are discussed.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens Twin-Arginine-Dependent Translocation Is Important for Virulence, Flagellation, and Chemotaxis but Not Type IV Secretion

This study characterized the contribution of the twin-arginine translocation (TAT) pathway to growth, motility, and virulence of the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In contrast to wild-type strain A348, a tatC null mutant failed to export the green fluorescent protein fused to the trimethylamine N-oxide reductase (TorA) signal sequence or to grow on nitrate as a sole electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The tatC mutant displayed defects in growth rate and cell division but not in cell viability, and it also released abundant levels of several proteins into the culture supernatant when grown in rich medium or in vir induction minimal medium. Nearly all A348 cells were highly motile in both rich and minimal media. By contrast, approximately 0.1% of the tatC mutant cells were motile in rich medium, and <0.01% were motile in vir induction medium. Nonmotile tatC mutant cells lacked detectable flagella, whereas motile tatC mutant cells collected from the edge of a motility halo possessed flagella but not because of reversion to a functional TAT system. Motile tatC cells failed to exhibit chemotaxis toward sugars under aerobic conditions or towards nitrate under anaerobic conditions. The tatC mutant was highly attenuated for virulence, only occasionally (approximately 15% of inoculations) inciting formation of small tumors on plants after a prolonged incubation period of 6 to 8 weeks. However, an enriched subpopulation of motile tatC mutants exhibited enhanced virulence compared to the nonmotile variants. Finally, the tatC mutant transferred T-DNA and protein effectors to plant cells and a mobilizable IncQ plasmid to agrobacterial recipients at wild-type levels. Together, our findings establish that, in addition to its role in secretion of folded cofactor-bound enzymes functioning in alternative respiration, the TAT system of A. tumefaciens is an important virulence determinant. Furthermore, this secretion pathway contributes to flagellar biogenesis and chemotactic responses but not to sensory perception of plant signals or the assembly of a type IV secretion system.
Electron depletion due to in-plane bias on a split two-dimensional electron gas.

The electron density and potential distributions are calculated for a two-dimensional electron gas which is divided into two halves by a line of insulating barrier and is biased across the barrier by a chemical potential difference. Particular attention is given to the formation of depletion region under strong biases and to the behavior of the depletion length as a function of the bias, the barrier width, and other system parameters. The system capacitance and its size dependence is also studied. It is hoped that our results can provide some general guidance to those designs using in-plane gating device structures
The Life Principle: a (metaethical) rejection

In Respect for Nature Paul W. Taylor argues that there is a moral obligation to respect all living things. I argue that there is no such obligation. Taylor presents three basic premises for his position. The first two are shown to be mistaken but not necessary for Taylor's argument. The third, that being a nonsentient teleological centre of life confers moral significance, while necessary, fails to be rationally compelling. I argue: (1) The relevant concept of teleology as readily applies to inanimate objects as it does to nonsentient life forms. (2) The inanimate–nonsentient distinction (at the relevant molecular level) is founded upon a continuum which offers no basis sufficient to justify The Life Principle. (3) The concept of teleology, as used by Taylor, is too unclear and ill-founded to serve as the basis for a rationally compelling argument.
Elevated concentration of soluble interleukin-2 receptors in serum of smokers and patients with lung cancer. Correlation with clinical activity.

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in cigarette smokers and in patients with lung cancer were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. The rationale for our study was based on the fact that activation of T-cells is dependent upon the T-cell growth factor, interleukin-2, which may be regulated by its receptor, IL-2R. Measurements of circulating sIL-2R might be useful in the immune assessment of certain conditions. This study assessed elevated concentrations of circulating sIL-2R in smokers and in patients with lung cancer. The data show that healthy smokers, as a group, have an elevated level of sIL-2R compared with that in nonsmokers. Significantly higher than normal levels were found among light, moderate, and heavy smokers. Patients with lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma [SSC] or adenocarcinoma [AC]) also have abnormally high sIL-2R levels. In the SCC group, the highest level of sIL-2R was among asymptomatic patients with well-differentiated tumors. Similarly, patients with SCC whose tumors ...
Reconceptualizing the Origins of Number Knowledge: A "Non-Numerical" Account

Abstract This paper presents a new conceptualization of the origins of numerical competence in humans. I first examine the existing claim that infants are innately provided with a system of specifically numerical knowledge, consisting of both cardinal and ordinal concepts. I suggest instead that the observed behaviors require only simple perceptual discriminations based on domain-independent competencies. At most, these involve the formal equivalent of cardinal information. Finally, I present a “non-numerical” account that characterizes infants competencies with regard to numerosity as emerging primarily from some general characteristics of the human perception and attention system.
Condensation Phase Diagrams for Lipid-Coated Perfluorobutane Microbubbles

The goal of this study was to explore the thermodynamic conditions necessary to condense aqueous suspensions of lipid-coated gas-filled microbubbles into metastable liquid-filled nanodrops as well as the physicochemical mechanisms involved with this process. Individual perfluorobutane microbubbles and their lipid shells were observed as they were pressurized at 34.5 kPa s–1 in a microscopic viewing chamber maintained at temperatures ranging from 5 to 75 °C. The microbubbles contracted under pressure, ultimately leading to either full dissolution or microbubble-to-nanodrop condensation. Temperature–pressure phase diagrams conveying condensation and stability transitions were constructed for microbubbles coated with saturated diacylphosphatidylcholine lipids of varying acyl chain length (C16 to C24). The onset of full dissolution was shifted to higher temperatures with the use of longer acyl chain lipids or supersaturated media. Longer chain lipid shells resisted both dissolution of the gas core and mechani...
Zinc Pollution Potential of Consumer Battery Litter

Consumer batteries in urban litter can be significant sources of storm-water pollution. Recent studies have reported annual urban battery litter rates as high as 215 batteries per hectare of pavement and 0.4 batteries per meter of street curb. On average, 75% of these batteries are leaking or have already discharged their internal reactants. However, many battery sizes, brands, and power chemistries are littered and this diversity makes it difficult to quantify their cumulative pollution potential. The amount of zinc released from AA size alkaline and zinc chloride/zinc carbon (ZnCl/ZnC) batteries which account for approximately 90% of urban battery litter is examined. Results are presented for batch rupture release extractions of 52 alkaline battery products yielding zinc releases of 20–40 mg/L and 57 ZnCl/ZnC products yielding zinc releases of 400–1,400 mg/L. Results of continuous flow column extractions are also presented to gauge releases following initial battery rupture. Disassembly analyses are use...
Integral-based constitutive equation for rubber at high strain rates

Abstract High-speed experiments were conducted to characterize the deformation and failure of Styrene Butadiene Rubber at impact rates. Dynamic tensile stress–strain curves of uniaxial strip specimens and force–extension curves of thin sheets were obtained from a Charpy tensile impact apparatus. Results from the uniaxial tension tests indicated that although the rubber became stiffer with increasing strain rates, the stress–strain curves remained virtually the same above 280 s −1 . Above this critical strain rate, strength, fracture strain and toughness decreased with increasing strain rates. When strain rates were below 180 s −1 , the initial modulus, tensile strength and breaking extension increased as the strain rate increased. Between strain rates of 180 and 280 s −1 , the initial modulus and tensile strength increased with increasing strain rates but the extension at break decreased with increasing strain rates. A hyper-viscoelastic constitutive relation of integral form was used to describe the rate-dependent material behavior of the rubber. Two characteristic relaxation times, 5 ms and 0.25 ms, were needed to fit the proposed constitutive equation to the data. The proposed constitutive equation was implemented in ABAQUS Explicit via a user-defined subroutine and used to predict the dynamic response of the rubber sheets in the experiments. Numerical predictions for the transient deformation and failure of the rubber sheet were within 10% of experimental results.
Abstract 329: A mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer with defined oncogenic drivers.

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) represent the gynecologic malignancy with the highest mortality rate. The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrated a high degree of genetic heterogeneity among the papillary serous (PS) tumors, the most lethal of the EOC subtypes. Aside from almost universal mutation in TP53, there was a low prevalence of recurrent mutations in other genes, presenting a challenge to the development of targeted therapeutics against this aggressive tumor type. We are developing a mouse model of EOC by introducing defined genetic alterations to mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells. We had a particular interest in developing a cyclin E amplified tumor model, as CCNE1 amplification is found in 20% of human EOC tumors, making this one of the most prevalent PS EOC subtypes. We infected MOSE cells from p53-/- mice with different combinations of oncogenes encoded in retroviral vectors including CCNE1, myc and H-RAS. MOSE cells were infected with one or two oncogenes, passaged and injected into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. Myc-HRAS caused the rapid development of hemorrhagic ascites and intraperitoneal carcinomatosis in 5 of 5 mice by day 18. HRAS alone and HRAS-CCNE1 both caused intraperitoneal and omental tumors to develop with clear ascites by day 35 in 5 of 5 mice. Myc caused bloating due to the development of frank hemoperitoneum in all 5 mice between days 101 and 150. Only 4 of the 5 mice had small volume intraperitoneal tumors. Myc-CCNE1 similarly caused bloating due to ascites in 2 mice and hemoperitoneum in 2 mice. Three of these four mice had small volume intraperitoneal tumors. One mouse has not developed any phenotype by 150 days. CCNE1 alone has not caused tumor formation in any of 5 mice by day 150. Histology of the Myc-HRAS, HRAS, HRAS-CCNE1, and Myc tumors were all consistent with high-grade undifferentiated carcinoma. Tumor cells generated in the Myc-HRAS, HRAS and HRAS-CCNE1 experiments were capable of causing intraperitoneal tumor development in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice by day 17, 29 and 54 respectively. Taken together, our data demonstrate a reproducible mouse model for the development of high-grade epithelial ovarian carcinomas with defined genetic alterations that are capable of study in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice. Tumor phenotypes varied based on the combination of activated oncogenes. Citation Format: Hasmik Agadjanian, Dong-Joo Cheon, Elena Diaz, Anna Laury, Carl Miller, Beth Karlan, Sandra Orsulic, Christine Walsh. A mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer with defined oncogenic drivers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 329. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-329
Probing the Social Support and Work Strain Relationship among Adult Workers: Contributions of Adult Attachment Orientations

Abstract The present study examined the contributions of supervisor support and adult attachment orientation to three indexes of work-related strain within an adult worker sample. In particular, the potential role of adult attachment orientation in moderating support–strain associations was explored. Participants were 117 university employees who completed self-report measures of the variables under investigation. Results indicated that supervisor support and worker adult attachment orientation uniquely predicted all three strain indexes; in addition, the interaction of supervisor support and worker attachment orientation significantly predicted work stress intensity and job satisfaction (but not symptom levels). The implications of these findings for clarifying the beneficial effects of social support on work strain are discussed.
How will we know when the revolution arrives

Presents an overview of the massive changes that are, or will be, taking place in main libraries. Particularly discusses networked technology and its enormous shift in customer expectations and behavior, and forecasts it will bring massive changes to central libraries.
Cluster-size evolution in a coagulation-fragmentation system.

We derive a differential equation for the time evolution of the cluster mean size in a system of particles in which both coagulation and fragmentation are occurring. Both stable and unstable solutions exist. For the stable case the equilibrium mean size, number density, and characteristic relaxation time scale with the magnitude of the coagulation and fragmentation kernels and the total primary particle concentration, with exponents related to the homogeneities of the two kernels. For large displacements from equilibrium the size varies with a power law in time, whereas for small displacements the system relaxes exponentially.
Bioremediation of PCBs-Contaminated Soil Using Halophilic Bacteria

This experiment extracted a halophilic bacteria from the deep sea-bed mud to carry out bioremediation of PCB-contaminated soil under different nitrogen source, permeability, humidity, temperature and salinity. The experimental results showed that during the 20-day soil natural bioremediation, there were little change in the concentration of PCB1260. The PCBs degradation rate was 26.03% in 20d when the soil water content was 60% of field capacity, room temperature, beef extract 0.5g•kg-1, standing, soil salinity 0.2g•kg-1. When the soil temperature increased to 30°C, the PCBs degradation rate was up to 89.21%. After submerging treatment, the degradation rate was 19.45% in 20d. Adding nitrogen-contained nutrition and proper soil stirring aided the growth of B2.6, enhanced the metabolic activities of indigenous microorganisms, and accelerated the natural degradation of soil PCBs. The PCBs degradation rate was up to 38.97% when the soil salinity was 1g•kg-1.
Frequency domain analysis of jitter amplification in clock channels

Clock channel jitter amplification factor in terms of transfer function or S-parameters is derived. Amplification is shown to arise from smaller attenuation in jitter lower sideband than in the fundamental. Amplification scaling with loss is obtained analytically.
Effects of Precipitable Water and CAPE on Precipitation in Southern Arizona

ABSTRACT This study analyzes integrated precipitable water (IPW) over Arizona southern during the months of July and August. The results show total column (up to 300 hPa) atmospheric moisture, despite illustrating success in predicting precipitation occurrence and spatial extent, does not predict precipitation occurrence, spatial extent, or amount significantly better than do simple low-level dewpoints. Yuma appears to be the exception, as IPW is much more successful in forecasting nearby precipitation occurrence and spatial extent than is low-level dewpoints. CAPE (convective available potential energy) values are also calculated and compared to precipitation across the region. The results show that CAPE, much like IPW, shows some success predicting precipitation occurrence during the monsoon in Arizona, although it is still less than IPW. Similar to IPW, CAPE is a poor predictor of precipitation totals.
Coordination of Breast Cancer Care Between Radiation Oncologists and Surgeons: A Survey Study

Purpose To assess whether radiation oncologists and surgeons differ in their attitudes regarding the local management of breast cancer, and to examine coordination of care between these specialists. Methods and Materials We surveyed attending surgeons and radiation oncologists who treated a population-based sample of patients diagnosed with breast cancer in metropolitan Detroit and Los Angeles. We identified 419 surgeons, of whom 318 (76%) responded, and 160 radiation oncologists, of whom 117 (73%) responded. We assessed demographic, professional, and practice characteristics; challenges to coordinated care; and attitudes toward management in three scenarios. Results 92.1% of surgeons and 94.8% of radiation oncologists indicated access to a multidisciplinary tumor board. Nevertheless, the most commonly identified challenge to radiation oncologists, cited by 27.9%, was failure of other providers to include them in the treatment decision process early enough. Nearly half the surgeons (49.7%) stated that few or almost none of the breast cancer patients they saw in the past 12 months had consulted with a radiation oncologist before undergoing definitive surgery. Surgeons and radiation oncologists differed in their recommendations in management scenarios. Radiation oncologists were more likely to favor radiation than were surgeons for a patient with 3/20 lymph nodes undergoing mastectomy ( p = 0.03); surgeons were more likely to favor more widely clear margins after breast conservation than were radiation oncologists ( p = 0.001). Conclusions Despite the widespread availability of tumor boards, a substantial minority of radiation oncologists indicated other providers failed to include them in the breast cancer treatment decision-making process early enough. Earlier inclusion of radiation oncologists may influence patient decisions, and interventions to facilitate this should be considered.
Damage in transition.

Double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) are a particularly dangerous form of DNA damage because they can lead to chromosome loss, translocations or truncations. When DSBs occur, many proteins are recruited to the break site; these proteins serve to both initiate DNA repair and to activate a checkpoint response. Repair occurs via one of two pathways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), in which broken DNA ends are directly ligated; or homologous recombination (HR), in which a homologous chromosome is used as a template in a replicative repair process. The checkpoint response is mediated by the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase-like kinases, Mec1 and Tel1 (ATR and ATM in humans, respectively). Two recent studies in yeast have significantly increased our understanding of when each of the proteins involved in these processes is localized to a break and, in addition, how their sequential localization is achieved. Specifically, these studies support and expand upon a model in which Tel1 and the NHEJ proteins are the first proteins to localize to the break to initiate signaling and attempt repair, but are subsequently replaced by Mec1 and the HR proteins. This transition is mediated by a cyclin-dependent kinase-dependent initiation of 5′→3′ processing (resection) of the DSB. Thus, the cell-cycle stage at which DSBs occur affects the way in which the DSBs are processed and recognized.
An Investigation into the Storage Stability of Environmental Formaldehyde Samples

The chromotropic acid method is used extensively for the measurement of low levels of formaldehyde in occupational and community environments. However, this procedure is not accepted universally as a standard method, and needs to be evaluated more thoroughly. Due to the deficiencies in knowledge regarding sample stability, a preliminary stability comparision of standard formaldehyde solutions in aqueous media was performed. Possible storage options of ambient, refrigeration and freezing conditions were investigated. In an attempt to detect any similarities or differences in stability between laboratory-prepared solution standards and field samples of formaldehyde, a side-by-side study was conducted. It was observed that both water-impinged solutions and laboratory-prepared aqueous formaldehyde solutions degraded rapidly upon ambient and refrigerated storage. One percent sodium bisulfite solution as the collection medium for formaldehyde provided good solution stability for ambient and refrigerated samples...
The incredible shrinking world of DNA microarrays

The efficacy of microarrays in examining gene expression, gene and genome structure, protein-DNA interactions, whole-genome similarities and differences, microRNA expression, methylation (and more) is no longer in question. It is a fast-developing, cutting edge technology that has grown up along with massive sequence databases and is likely to become part of everyday patient care. Many advances have recently expanded the power and utility of microarrays; among them is our development of a new array tiling technique that dramatically increases the scope of coverage of an oligonucleotide tiling array without substantially increasing its cost.
Scientific discourse in the academy: A case study of an American Indian undergraduate

This case study explores how an American Indian woman experienced scientific discourse and the issues of language, power, and authority that occurred while she was an undergraduate student at a university in the southwestern United States. This ethnographic research, using a phenomenological perspective, describes her experiences as she searched for the discursive resources she required to cross-cultural borders between her traditional worldview and Eurocentric science. Data from interviews, participant observation, and artifacts offer a narrative of how she became aware of the “game rules” of scientific discourse. The findings are expressed in terms of a cartographic metaphor where the student's world became less of a list of categories and more of a map outlining where she ventured and the ways in which she oriented herself to scientific language. To facilitate the border crossing and reduce the obstacles that some students experience in crossing between worldviews, educators can look at cross-cultural perspectives and explore with students how language fosters or hinders their progress. This research suggests that we allow room in our pedagogy for students to learn the rules of using scientific language, make explicit the cultural norms associated with this practice, thereby promoting a “metaknowledge” of how scientific discourse functions in the academy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed92:825–847, 2008
A three-step kinetic mechanism for peptide binding to MHC class II proteins.

Peptide binding reactions of class II MHC proteins exhibit unusual kinetics, with extremely slow apparent rate constants for the overall association (<100 M-1 s-1) and dissociation (<10-5 s-1) processes. Various linear and branched pathways have been proposed to account for these data. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer between tryptophan residues in the MHC peptide binding site and aminocoumarin-labeled peptides, we measured real-time kinetics of peptide binding to empty class II MHC proteins. Our experiments identified an obligate intermediate in the binding reaction. The observed kinetics were consistent with a binding mechanism that involves an initial bimolecular binding step followed by a slow unimolecular conformational change. The same mechanism is observed for different peptide antigens. In addition, we noted a reversible inactivation of the empty MHC protein that competes with productive binding. The implications of this kinetic mechanism for intracellular antigen presentation pathways...
Immunosuppressive CD14+HLA-DRlow/− Monocytes in Prostate Cancer

Objective To determine if the levels of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells increase with progression of prostate cancer (PCa); to determine if such cells could contribute to the relative inefficiency of PCa immunotherapy.
Ecological and socio-economic impacts of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): a review.

Summary 1. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is one of the world’s most invasive aquatic plants and is known to cause significant ecological and socio-economic effects. 2. Water hyacinth can alter water clarity and decrease phytoplankton production, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals and concentrations of other contaminants. 3. The effects of water hyacinth on ecological communities appear to be largely nonlinear. Abundance and diversity of aquatic invertebrates generally increase in response to increased habitat heterogeneity and structural complexity provided by water hyacinth but decrease due to decreased phytoplankton (food) availability. 4. Effects of water hyacinth on fish are largely dependent on original community composition and food-web structure. A more diverse and abundant epiphytic invertebrate community may increase fish abundance and diversity, but a decrease in phytoplankton may decrease dissolved oxygen concentrations and planktivorous fish abundance, subsequently affecting higher trophic levels. 5. Little is known about the effects of water hyacinth on waterbird communities; however, increases in macroinvertebrate and fish abundance and diversity suggest a potentially positive interaction with waterbirds when water hyacinth is at moderate density. 6. The socio-economic effects of water hyacinth are dependent on the extent of the invasion, the uses of the impacted waterbody, control methods and the response to control efforts. Ecosystem-level research programmes that simultaneously monitor the effects of water hyacinth on multiple trophic-levels are needed to further our understanding of invasive species.
'El pinche acentito ese': deseo transatlántico y exotismo satírico en el cine mexicano del cambio de milenio: Amores perros, Y tu mamá también, Sin dejar huella

This article discusses the use of Spanish female characters in three recent Mexican films (Amores perros, Y tu mama tambien, Sin dejar huella). The article argues that, beyond any allegorical exotism with a colonialist air, or beyond globalist posturing, the transatlantic female body is used to question and/or analyse narratives of national unity and integrity in crisis.
Acute IOP elevation with scleral suction: Effects on retrobulbar haemodynamics

AIMS/BACKGROUND: Mechanical and vascular factors may both contribute to glaucoma. This study investigated the relation of mechanical to vascular factors by examining how acute IOP elevation altered flow velocities in the central retinal and ophthalmic arteries. METHODS: IOP was elevated from a baseline near 14 to approximately 45 mm Hg using suction ophthalmodynamometry. During recovery from scleral suction, IOP fell to near 8 mm Hg. At each IOP, peak systolic and end diastolic velocities (PSV and EDV) were measured in the central retinal and ophthalmic arteries using colour Doppler imaging (Siemens Quantum 2000). Eleven healthy people served as subjects. RESULTS: Acute elevation in IOP had no effect upon PSV, EDV, or the derived resistance index in the ophthalmic artery: flow velocities in this vessel were identical at IOP of 8 mm Hg or 45 mm Hg. In contrast, in the central retinal artery, PSV and EDV fell, and the resistance index rose, in steady progression as IOP was acutely elevated (each p
Nodular malignant lymphomas. Factors affecting complete response rate and survival

The records of 109 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of nodular pattern were reviewed to determine which factors were associated with a favorable response to therapy and prolonged survival. A logistic regression model was utilized to identify the pertinent variables. Prognostic factors associated with a favorable response were, in order of decreasing importance: treatment with an Adriamycin combination regimen, absence of bulky tumor, and no exposure to prior chemotherapy. Those associated with prolonged survival were: normal hemoglobin level, treatment with an Adriamycin combination regimen, female sex, and no prior exposure to therapy. Achievement of complete remission in these disorders resulted in a statistically longer duration of survival compared to partial responses or failures. Patients whose complete remission was induced with an Adriamycin-containing regimen and maintained with BCG immunotherapy had a significantly longer complete remission than those who did not receive BCG. Knowledge of these factors can be important in planning and analyzing future therapeutic trials.
Economics of Automobile Leasing: The Call Option Value

Previous analyses of the automobile lease versus purchase decision have ignored the value of the call option embedded in closed-end leases with guaranteed buy back provisions. This paper shows that ignoring the value of this call option results in a bias against leasing in the lease versus purchase decision. Supporting evidence is provided by an empirical model of automobile lease rates.
ENGAGEMENT IN FAMILIES OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS

A questionnaire study of 80 young adult children of Holocaust survivors and 138 children of “American” families matched for age, sex, education and socioeconomic status corroborated the hypothesis that members of survivor families are more closely engaged than are members of “American” families: attachments are tighter, and separations are effected with greater difficulty. Children of survivors more frequently describe themselves as protective of their parents. Significant differences between the two populations were found to be consistent with the descriptions in the largely anecdotal literature on Holocaust survivors regarding the structure of survivor families.