cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased bed rest post‐percutaneous coronary intervention with a 7‐French arterial sheath and its effects on vascular complications

Aims and objectives To compare the incidence of femoral access puncture site complications in the control group, who underwent 6 hr of bed rest, with patients in the case group, who underwent 4 hr of bed rest. Background The ideal bed rest length after percutaneous coronary intervention with a 7-French arterial sheath has been investigated by nursing practice. However, in this larger-sheath-size group, best practices have not been determined, and bed rest time continues to vary markedly among institutions. Design Retrospective study. Methods Data were retrieved from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry and electronic health records in this retrospective study. Sample size was 401 patients: 152 case patients with 4-hr bed rest and 249 controls with 6-hr bed rest. Case group data were obtained from 20 May 2013–31 December 2014; and control group data, 15 June 2011–20 May 2013. Results National Cardiovascular Data Registry event rates were generally low in both groups: Only three patients in each group had a bleeding event within 72 hr (2% vs. 1%) and no patient and only two controls had arteriovenous fistula (0% vs. 1%). Complications documented in the electronic health records with institutional femoral access puncture site complication definitions identified bleeding at the access site in eight case patients (5%) and nine controls (4%). Haematoma at the access site occurred in 21 case patients (14%) and 25 controls (10%). Conclusions The practice change of decreasing bed rest from 6–4 hr for patients with 7-French arterial sheaths post-percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with no significant change in femoral access puncture site complications in either National Cardiovascular Data Registry data or institutional electronic health records data. Relevance to clinical practice This introduces expanded evidence of safety in decreasing bed rest length in larger (7-French) arterial sheaths post-percutaneous coronary intervention.
Emerging cell cycle inhibitors for acute myeloid leukemia

ABSTRACTIntroduction: AML therapy remains very challenging despite our increased understanding of its molecular heterogeneity. Outcomes with chemotherapy and targeted therapy remain poor. Targeting cell cycle regulators might complement chemotherapy and targeted therapy and help in improving outcomes.Areas covered: Here we cover the pre-clinical and clinical data for both for cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) and cell-cycle checkpoint inhibitors. While CDK inhibition can inhibit proliferation, checkpoint inhibitors can facilitate cell cycle progression in presence of DNA damage and can induce mitotic catastrophe.Expert opinion: Though the preclinical data for cell cycle inhibitors in AML is compelling, the clinical translation so far has proven to be challenging. This is a reflection of the complexity of both, AML and cell cycle regulators. However, early introduction of cell-cycle active agents in combination with chemotherapy or targeted agents, identifying right sequence of use and identifying right biomar...
Communication in Colonial North America

Communication in Colonial North America was difficult. To stay informed, people in the early modern world employed a variety of different methods and technologies. Before the regularization of postal routes and the proliferation of newspapers and other printed media, communication depended on the movement and connections of a wide variety of people. Exchanging information was not simply about having the most up-to-date news or the quickest messenger. It was a way of establishing and maintaining relationships, expressing identity, as well as articulating values and enforcing priorities—a process inextricably tied to social and geopolitical realities. Questions about how people communicated in colonial America open-up wider discussions of literacy, technology, and power. This article reviews the most recent literature on the acquisition and spread of information in colonial North America, explores the different lines of inquiry scholars have pursued, and posits suggestions and problems for further research.
Building industrial brand equity on resource advantage

Abstract Based on resource advantage theory of competition, we attempt to identify industrial brand equity dimensions in today's competitive, high-technology, and global business-to-business environment. Through a quantitative study with 443 buying center members who are purchase decision makers, we find that industrial brand equity can be established in a number of dimensions: (1) functional advantage in products, (2) solution advantage in services, (3) analytical advantage in CRM, (4) omni-channel advantage in communication, (5) symbolic advantage in publicity, and (6) network advantage in resource sharing. The six dimensions have significant impacts on customer perceived value and brand loyalty. Furthermore, purchasers, managers, and users, who undertake major decision making roles in the buying center, weigh these dimensions differently during brand evaluations. The findings suggest that industrial brand managers focus on building brand equity through establishing key resource advantages in the different brand usage situations encountered by buying center members.
Water Use in the United States Energy System: A National Assessment and Unit Process Inventory of Water Consumption and Withdrawals

The United States (US) energy system is a large water user, but the nature of that use is poorly understood. To support resource comanagement and fill this noted gap in the literature, this work presents detailed estimates for US-based water consumption and withdrawals for the US energy system as of 2014, including both intensity values and the first known estimate of total water consumption and withdrawal by the US energy system. We address 126 unit processes, many of which are new additions to the literature, differentiated among 17 fuel cycles, five life cycle stages, three water source categories, and four levels of water quality. Overall coverage is about 99% of commercially traded US primary energy consumption with detailed energy flows by unit process. Energy-related water consumption, or water removed from its source and not directly returned, accounts for about 10% of both total and freshwater US water consumption. Major consumers include biofuels (via irrigation), oil (via deep well injection, u...
Novel Glial Targets and Recurrent Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis.

This cohort study presents serological data with regard to 2 novel glial targets (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and glial fibrillary acidic protein) in recurrent longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.
Terrestrial exoplanet coronagraph image quality: study of polarization aberrations in Habex and LUVOIR update

Direct imaging and spectroscopy of terrestrial exoplanets requires the control of vector electromagnetic fields to approximately one part in ten to the fifth over a few milliarc second FOV to achieve the necessary 10-10 intensity contrast levels. Observations using space telescopes are necessary to achieve these levels of diffracted and scattered light control. The highly reflecting metal mirrors and their coatings needed to image these very faint exoplanets introduce polarization into the wavefront, which, in turn affects image quality and reduces exoplanet yield unless corrected. To identify and create the technologies and the electro-optical/mechanical-spacecraft systems models that will achieve these levels, NASA is currently developing two mission concepts, each with their own hardware vision. These are: The Habex, a habitable planet explorer and the LUVOIR, a Large Ultra-Violet Optical-Infrared space telescope system. This paper reports the results of polarization ray-tracing the HabEx detailed optical prescription provided by the project to the authors in the fall of 2017. Diattenuation and retardance across both the exit pupil associated with the occulting mask and the exit pupil associated with the coronagraph image plane are given as well as the corresponding Jones pupil matrices. These are calculated assuming isotropic coatings on all mirrors. Analysis and physical measurements indicates that the specification of the primary mirror for exoplanet coronagraphs will need to include a constraint on spatially varying polarization reflectivity (anisotropic coatings). The Jones exit-pupil phase terms, phi XX and phi YY just before the occulting mask differ in shape and are displaced one from the other by about 10 milli-waves. This shows that A/O, which corrects for geometric path differences, cannot completely correct for wavefront errors introduced by polarization for this particular prescription for HabEx. We suggest that these differences may be corrected by adjusting the opto-mechanical design to change angles of incidence on mirrors and corrected by adjusting the design of the dielectric coatings on the highly-reflecting mirror surfaces. Super-posing the phase of XX onto the phase of YY and then correcting using A/O will assure maximum power transmittance through the system and best contrast. These aspects require further investigation.
Stage Two: Population Preservation and Altruism

In the second stage of our model, the behavior of the broader population beyond the compact group is affected as it learns of the hazard and who is in harm’s way. During the second stage, the broader population goes through substages similar to those experienced by the compact group in the first stage. The broader population (1) engages in information-seeking and (2) takes population preservation actions. Both the compact group and the general population work together to mitigate harm to those who may still be in danger from the hazard. Information-seeking behavior initiates this stage and precedes other action. However, after establishing knowledge of the events, the population engages both in information-seeking and preservation behaviors. Information regarding the disaster establishes new norms for disaster response, and these new norms frame population preservation behaviors [1]. Population-level preservation manifests as altruistic behaviors in the form of aid to the compact group, actions to maintain the safety of those not directly affected by the disaster, and actions to prevent effects of the hazard from affecting the wider population [2].
Hannah Arendt’S Constitutional Thought

Hannah Arendt’s legal thought is subtle, complex and in many ways undeveloped. She was first, of course, the philosopher of politics, and of politics as a way of life, the “lost treasure” of the 18th century revolutionary tradtion.1 She was, too, a master of critique, in the pre-Marxist sense of delimitation of theoretical and practical realms, each with its own irreducible principle,2 or, more accurately its own “spirit.” The subtlety of her legal thought, however, lies in her account of the legal world, constitutional and legislative, as interpenetrated in different ways, at different points by the more “principled” realms of ethics, politics, and “fabrication.” The legal world itself seems like an old city: “a maze of little streets and squares, of old and new houses, and of houses with additions from various periods; and this surrounded by a multitude of new boroughs with straight regular streets and uniform houses.”3 In some neighborhoods, we find “the processes of persuasion, negotiation, and compromise, which are the processes of law and politics”4 as well as the “actual content of political life--the joy and the gratification that arise out of being in company with our peers, out of acting together and appearing in public, out of inserting ourselves into the world by word and deed...”5 Other boroughs, important though perhaps more somber, house, in different ways, “those things which men cannot change at will,6 which show that the political sphere, its greatness notwithstanding, is limited--that it does not encompass the whole of man’s and the world’s existence.”7
The role of behavioral loyalty in youth development at summer camp

Behavioral loyalty, or consistent participation in summer camp, may impact how and in what ways young campers develop. Specifically, this study examines how two factors of behavioral loyalty, dosag...
Passive drainage to gravity and closed-suction drainage following pancreatoduodenectomy lead to similar grade B and C postoperative pancreatic fistula rates. A meta-analysis.

Abstract Introduction There is no level 1a evidence regarding the impact of passive drainage to gravity (PDG) and closed-suction drainage (CSD) following pancreatoduodenectomy on clinical outcomes. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of PDG versus CSD on surgical outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy in high risk patients who would benefit from pancreatic drainage. Methods The Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) rate was the primary endpoint. A subgroup meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was performed in addition to a meta-analysis of all eligible studies. Mantel-Haenszel method (random-effects model) with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR (95%CI)) as an effect measure was utilized. Results Six studies, whereof 3 RCTs, involving 1519 patients (806 PDG and 713 CSD) were included. In meta-analysis of all studies, overall [OR (95%CI) = 0.81 (0.42, 1.56); p = 0.53; I2 = 79%; Tau2 = 0.54]; grade A [OR (95%CI) = 0.71 (0.33, 1.53); p = 0.39; I2 = 65%; Tau2 = 0.47]; grade B [OR (95%CI) = 1.23 (0.74, 2.05); p = 0.42; I2 = 0%]; and grade C [OR (95%CI) = 1.08 (0.56, 2.09); p = 0.82; I2 = 5%] POPF rates did not differ. Subgroup analysis of RCTs confirmed the finding that grade B and C POPF rates did not significantly differ with low heterogeneity [OR (95%CI) = 1.55 (0.79, 3.04); p = 0.20; I2 = 0%]. No publication bias was found (t = 0.48; p = 0.64). Conclusion This meta-analysis found no difference in short-term clinical outcomes including, clinically relevant, grade B and C POPF rates between PDG and CSD. Furthermore, postoperative complication rates were similar with the use of either drain.
Indications and Placement of Temporary Dermal Fillers

With advances in technology and new products to re-create volume in the face, the aesthetic practitioner can now better serve patients who desire to improve their appearance through lifting, volumizing, or replacing certain facial aspects that have changed during the aging process. Facial volumizing has evolved from the first filler, autologous fat, to synthetic dermal fillers and has been shown to be long lasting, safe, and appropriate in different tissue depths and functions. Temporary dermal fillers are indicated for facial re-volumization and last up to 6–24 months, depending on the type and placement of the filler. The safety profile and efficacy of temporary dermal fillers make them an ideal option for nonsurgical facial rejuvenation.
The American Sufis: Self-Help, Sufism, and Metaphysical Religion in Postcolonial Egypt

This article examines an Arabic commentary on the American self-help pioneer Dale Carnegie's How to Stop Worrying and Start Living , written by a one-time leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, Muḥammad al-Ghazālī. Ghazālī’s 1956 commentary was perhaps the earliest manifestation of an influential genre of literature within the Islamic world today: “Islamic self-help.” Although scholars treat Islamic self-help as an effect of neoliberalism, this article reorients the study of Islamic self-help beyond neoliberalism by showing first, that Ghazālī’s early version of it emerged through a critical engagement with several ideological forms that relate in complex ways to neoliberalism's antecedent, liberalism; and second, that his Islamic self-help is best understood in terms of an Islamic encounter with American metaphysical religion made possible by Carnegie's text. It argues that Ghazālī’s Islamic self-help constituted a radical reconfiguration of Western self-help, one that replaced the ethics of self-reliance and autonomy with Islamic ethical sensibilities clustered around the notions of human insufficiency and dependence upon God. In doing so, it highlights how scholars of contemporary Islam might fruitfully pose the question of how novel intellectual trends and cultural forms, like self-help, become Islamic , instead of limiting their analysis to how Islam is reshaped by modern Euro-American thought, institutions, and practices.
Learning Analytics Research in Relation to Educational Technology: Capturing Learning Analytics Contributions with Bibliometric Analysis.

In this study the authors conducted an empirical, bibliometric analysis of current literature in learning analytics. The authors performed a citation network analysis and found three dominant clusters of research. A qualitative thematic review of publications in these clusters revealed distinct context, goals, and topics. The largest cluster focused on predicting student success and failure, the second largest on using analytics to inform instructional design, and the third on concerns in implementing learning analytics systems. The authors suggest that further collaboration with educational technology researchers and practitioners may be necessary for learning analytics to reach its interdisciplinary goal. The authors also note that learning analytics currently does not often take place in K-12 settings, and that the burden of creating learning interventions still seemed to reside mainly with practitioners.
Pursuing “Fit for Purpose”: An Industry Practioner's Experience With Roadmapping

Since 2006, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Technology Innovation (TI) Office has applied roadmapping processes to help articulate the federal wholesale electric utility's technology research agenda. The TI Office team has evolved its tools, templates, and process steps considerably over the years in response to implementation challenges, shortcomings in deliverables derived from the process, and maturation opportunities enabled by data management and visualization software. Practioners within the TI Office have sustained their commitment to roadmapping during an era of significant evolution of the practice within industry and academia. The practice came out of product manufacturing environments in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Increasingly since the early 2000s, roadmapping has been applied outside this “traditional” realm, requiring trial, iteration, and customization of processes, tools, and deliverables to meet different requirements. The TI Office's use of roadmapping is one “nontraditional” variant because the agency is not in the business of generating profits by creating products in response to market demands. Instead, the TI Office has used roadmapping to communicate the agency's technology research, development, and demonstration agenda to the broader community—national laboratories, universities, manufacturers, etc.—so these external organizations can respond with proposals delivering products with the desired technology characteristics. These products, in turn, enable BPA to continue to fulfill its public service mission as an electric utility and government entity in providing safe, cost-effective, and reliable electricity throughout the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
Auranofin-Mediated NRF2 Induction Attenuates Interleukin 1 Beta Expression in Alveolar Macrophages

Background: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are resident inflammatory cells in the lung that serve as early sentinels of infection or injury. We have identified thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibition by gold compounds increases activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent pathways to attenuate inflammatory responses. The present studies utilized murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S) to test the hypothesis that the gold compound, auranofin (AFN), decreases interleukin (IL)-1β expression through NRF2-mediated interactions with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway genes and/or increases in glutathione synthesis. Methods: MH-S cells were treated with AFN and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analyzed at 6 and 24 h. The Il1b promoter was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation for direct interaction with NRF2. Results: Expression of IL-1β, p-IκBα, p-p65 NF-kB, and NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 were elevated by LPS exposure, but only IL-1β expression was suppressed by AFN treatment. Both AFN and LPS treatments increased cellular glutathione levels, but attenuation of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) did not alter expression of Il-1β. Analysis revealed direct NRF2 binding to the Il1b promoter which was enhanced by AFN and inhibited the transcriptional activity of DNA polymerase II. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that AFN-induced NRF2 activation directly suppresses IL-1β synthesis independent of NFκB and glutathione-mediated antioxidant mechanisms. NRF2 binding to the promoter region of IL1β directly inhibits transcription of the IL1β gene. Collectively, our research suggests that gold compounds elicit NRF2-dependent pulmonary protection by suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammation.
The effects of propofol on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation oxygenator exchange.

The objective of this study was to determine if propofol administration to veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients was associated with more incidents of oxygenator fail...
Harnessing genetic diversity in the USDA pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm collection through genomic prediction

Phenotypic evaluation and efficient utilization of germplasm collections can be time-intensive, laborious, and expensive. However, with the plummeting costs of next-generation sequencing and the addition of genomic selection to the plant breeder9s toolbox, we now can more efficiently tap the genetic diversity within large germplasm collections. In this study, we applied and evaluated genomic selection9s potential to a set of 482 pea accessions, genotyped with 30,600 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers and phenotyped for seed yield and yield-related components for enhancing selection of accessions from the USDA Pea Germplasm Collection. Genomic prediction models and several factors affecting predictive ability were evaluated in a series of cross-validation schemes across complex traits. Different genomic prediction models gave similar results, with predictive ability across traits ranging from 0.23 to 0.60, with no model working best across all traits. Increasing the training population size improved the predictive ability of most traits, including seed yield. Predictive abilities increased and reached a plateau with an increasing number of markers presumably due to extensive linkage disequilibrium in the pea genome. Accounting for population structure effects did not significantly boost predictive ability, but we observed a slight improvement in seed yield. By applying the best genomic prediction model (e.g., RR-BLUP), we then examined the distribution of genotyped but nonphenotyped accessions and the reliability of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV). The distribution of GEBV suggested that none of the nonphenotyped accessions were expected to perform outside the range of the phenotyped accessions. Desirable breeding values with higher reliability can be used to identify and screen favorable germplasm accessions. Expanding the training set and incorporating additional orthogonal information (e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, physiological traits, etc.) into the genomic prediction framework could enhance prediction accuracy. Keywords: genomic selection, genomic prediction, reliability criteria, germplasm accessions, pea (Pisum sativum L.), next-generation sequencing
Limitations in American adults' awareness of and beliefs about alcohol as a risk factor for cancer.

Abstract Alcohol is a carcinogen. Recommendations to reduce alcohol use to lower cancer risk are increasingly common. However, neither the beliefs of US adults about alcohol consumption and cancer risk, nor factors influencing those beliefs, are well understood. We used data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey (analysis N = 4,470) to examine beliefs about whether drinking too much alcohol increases cancer risk. We compared those beliefs to beliefs for three other health problems, and examined whether believing alcohol is a cancer risk factor was related to demographics, risk perceptions, other beliefs about the nature of cancer, and alcohol consumption behavior. Only 33% of US adults reported believing that alcohol is a cancer risk factor; 27% stated that it was not, and the highest proportion (40%) reported they did not know. Misbeliefs and lack of knowledge about alcohol and health outcomes were higher for cancer than other outcomes. Higher age, education, seeking health information, risk perceptions, and pessimistic beliefs about cancer predicted both lack of knowledge and misbeliefs about alcohol use and cancer. However, misbeliefs and lack of knowledge were not limited to those who reported alcohol consumption. Demographic and psychosocial factors are associated with problematic beliefs about alcohol’s role as a risk factor for cancer. Because perceived risk for health problems is a driver of behavior change, cancer prevention and control efforts to reduce alcohol consumption must attend to and address both the misperceptions about and lack of knowledge of alcohol’s role in increasing risk for cancer.
Abstract 215: Developing an integrated prognostic score using germline risk variants and RNA expression from primary breast cancers for prognostication of survival across subtypes

Introduction: RNA expression offers prognostication in early-stage, hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. We hypothesized that germline risk variants may influence patients after breast cancer onset, and that integration of common germline risk variants with RNA expression may broaden prognostication across subtypes. Methods: We designed two prognostic scores for women of European ancestry using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics on cancer risk from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (133,384 cases and 113,789 controls) and individual-level genotype/clinical information from 694 women in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PrediXcan, a transcriptome-wide association tool family, was used to generate gene-level weights of association to breast cancer risk that were then multiplied by gene expression levels. A predicted transcriptomic score (PTRS) used predicted expression levels based on germline genotypes, and an observed transcriptomic score (OTRS) used normalized RNA expression. Cox proportional hazards tested score performance on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Estimation performance is shown in Table 1. A 1388-gene PTRS with range from -0.5 to 4 offered initial prognostic ability in OS across subtypes (HR: 0.69 per 1-point increase, 95% CI: 0.48-1.00, p-value 0.05). This trend persisted with clinical covariates in a multivariate regression (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.36-1.00, p=0.06). No associations were seen between PTRS/PFS or OTRS/OS. OTRS/PFS trended toward statistical significance with clinical factors included (age, AJCC staging). PTRS for OS did not show subtype-specific performance. Conclusion: Patients with breast cancer do not have broad access to prognostic data across subtypes. Integration of germline and somatic data types offers potential to improve current limitations in prognostic testing for patients. Citation Format: Padma Sheila Rajagopal, Yanyu Liang, Alvaro Barbeira, Owen Melia, Jiamao Zheng, Yonglan Zheng, Toshio Yoshimatsu, Dezheng Huo, Guimin Gao, Olufunmilayo F. Olopade, Hae K. Im. Developing an integrated prognostic score using germline risk variants and RNA expression from primary breast cancers for prognostication of survival across subtypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 215.
Colloid-like solution behavior of computationally designed coiled coil bundlemers.

Abstract The use of isotropic potential models of simple colloids for describing complex protein–protein interactions is a topic of ongoing debate in the biophysical community. This contention stems from the unavailability of synthetic protein-like model particles that are amenable to systematic experimental characterization. In this article, we test the utility of colloidal theory to capture the solution structure, interactions and dynamics of novel globular protein-mimicking, computationally designed peptide assemblies called bundlemers that are programmable model systems at the intersection of colloids and proteins. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements of semi-dilute bundlemer solutions in low and high ionic strength solution indicate that bundlemers interact locally via repulsive interactions that can be described by a screened repulsive potential. We also present neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy results that show high-Q freely-diffusive dynamics of bundlemers. Importantly, formation of clusters due to short-range attractive, inter-bundlemer interactions is observed in SANS even at dilute bundlemer concentrations, which is indicative of the complexity of the bundlemer charged surface. The similarities and differences between bundlemers and simple colloidal as well as complex protein–protein interactions is discussed in detail.
Structure and desensitization of AMPA receptor complexes with type II TARP γ5 and GSG1L

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission. Their surface expression, trafficking, gating, and pharmacology are regulated by auxiliary subunits. Of the two types of TARP auxiliary subunits, type I TARPs assume activating roles, while type II TARPs serve suppressive functions. We present cryo-EM structures of GluA2 AMPAR in complex with type II TARP γ5, which reduces steady-state currents, increases single-channel conductance, and slows recovery from desensitization. Regulation of AMPAR function depends on its ligand-binding domain (LBD) interaction with the γ5 head domain. GluA2-γ5 complex shows maximum stoichiometry of two TARPs per AMPAR tetramer, being different from type I TARPs but reminiscent of the auxiliary subunit GSG1L. Desensitization of both GluA2-GSG1L and GluA2-γ5 complexes is accompanied by rupture of LBD dimer interface, while GluA2-γ5 but not GluA2-GSG1L LBD dimers remain two-fold symmetric. Different structural architectures and desensitization mechanisms of complexes with auxiliary subunits endow AMPARs with broad functional capabilities.
Estrategias implementadas por los matemáticos cuando demuestran: Estudio de caso

Partial results of a research on the role of definition in demonstrations in proposing mathematical tasks are reported. The central problem was addressed in the process of demonstration and test schemes in Doctors in Mathematics. Purposes are presented as (1) Analyze test schemes when these doctors demonstrate and (2) Describe the strategies that implement these mathematicians to prove. In the paper only the second of these is shown. Conceptually, the research is based on the Advanced Mathematical Thinking theoretical approach. Methodologically is a qualitative and field study. The social actors are two doctors from two Venezuelan universities. Among the findings: (1) Mathematicians use formal strategies, (2) doctors consider the domain of definition and context as essential when making a demonstration.
Analysis of the In-Water and Sky Radiance Distribution Data Acquired During the Radyo Project

Abstract : My work involves experimentally investigating the interrelationships and variability of optical properties in the ocean and atmosphere. My goal is to define the variability of the optical properties, particularly those dealing with light scattering, and to improve the prediction capabilities of image and radiative transfer models used in the ocean. My near term ocean optics objectives have been: 1) to improve the measurement capability of measuring the in-water and above-water spectral radiance distribution and extending this capability to polarization, 2) to investigate the variability of the Point Spread Function (PSF) as it relates to the imaging properties of the ocean, and 3) to improve the characterization of the Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of benthic surfaces in the ocean, and 4) to understand the capabilities and limitations of using radiative transfer to model the BRDF of particulate surfaces. The major objective of this research is to understand the downwelling spectral polarized radiance distribution, in the near surface of the ocean.
Achieving and Maintaining Moderate Iron Deficiency in Rats

A method for achieving and maintaining moderate levels of nutritional iron deficiency in the male albino rat is described. Hemoglobin concentrations and protoporphyrin/heme ratios were the parameters used to assess iron status. The method was based upon the age of the animals when iron-deficient conditions were introduced.
Close-Binary and Pulsating Central Stars

As a result of photometric-monitoring studies, 7 planetary-nebula nuclei are now known to be binaries with orbital periods less than one day. These systems were probably produced via a common-envelope interaction, during which a wide pair was converted to a close binary surrounded by an ejected red-giant envelope. The frequency of occurrence of such close binaries among PNNs is about 10–15%, showing that binary-star interactions are a significant production mechanism for planetary nebulae. The descendants of close-binary PNNs are probably the cataclysmic variables. Two CVs surrounded by nebulae resembling old planetaries, 0623+71 and GK Per, may provide the most direct evidence for the origin of CVs through PN ejection. The observed birth rate for close-binary PNNs is more than an order of magnitude higher than for CVs, possibly indicating that our census of the CV population is very incomplete. The nucleus of K1-16 is a member of the GW Vir class of extremely hot pulsating pre-white dwarfs, and the only one known to be surrounded by a PN. These objects offer exciting opportunities for direct measurement of evolutionary timescales and for seismological investigations of the interiors of PNNs and their immediate descendants.
Coleoptera: (Beetles, Weevils, Fireflies)

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses beetles family of insects. Beetles are known by various names including fireflies, ladybugs, june bugs, and weevils. The vast number of beetle species is reflected by a bewildering array of anatomical and biological diversity in the order. Beetles are considered to be a monophyletic assemblage based on their sum of shared evolutionary derivations. Although beetles share characters supporting their common evolutionary origin, remarkable variations have evolved from the basic beetle theme. For example, adult body size ranges from the 0.4-mm long Nanosella fungi ptiliid feather-winged beetles of North America to the 200-mm long Titanus giganteus cerambycid long-horned beetles of South America. A rough estimate based on maximum dimensions for adult length, breadth, and depth puts the disparity in volume at a factor of 2.8 × 107. Life cycles also can vary in extraordinary ways, depending on the larval food resources used for development. The mushroom-inhabiting aleocharine staphylinid Phanerota fasciata completes three instars in 3.2 days at room temperature. Throughout history, humans have had diverse interactions with, and perceptions of, beetles. Beetles attract the most attention when they become economic pests of agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. Two families, the snout beetles (Curculionidae) and the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae), include many serious pest species.
The three-dimensional organization of polytene nuclei in male Drosophila melanogaster with compound XY or ring X chromosomes.

The three-dimensional organization of polytene chromosomes within nuclei containing rearranged X chromosomes was examined in male Drosophila melanogaster. Salivary glands of third instar larvae containing either an inverted X chromosome (YSX.YL, In(1)EN/O) or a ring X chromosome (R(1) 2/BSYy+) were fixed, embedded, and serially sectioned. The nuclei in contiguous groups of cells were modeled and analyzed. We find that for both genotypes the three-dimensional behavior at each euchromatic locus is independent of the orientation of the chromosome on which it resides, independent of the behavior of loci not closely linked to it, and not similar in neighboring cells. The preference for right-handed chromosome coiling noted in previous studies is shown to be independent of homologous pairing. However, a relation between the extent of chromosome curvature and the handedness of chromosome coiling is present only in homologously paired chromosomes. The attached-XY chromosome has two previously undescribed behaviors: a nearly invariant association of the euchromatic side of the proximal heterochromatin/euchromatin junction with the nucleolus and a frequent failure of this site to attach to the chromocenter. The relative chromosome arm positions are often similar in several neighboring cells. The size of these patches of cells, assuming that they represent clones, indicates that such arrangements are at best quasi-stable: they may be maintained over at least one, but less than four, cell divisions. The observed nuclear organization in salivary glands is inconsistent with the idea that position in the polytene nucleus plays a major role in the normal genetic regulation of euchromatic loci.
The Influences Affecting and the Influential Effects of Multiracials: Multiracialism and Stratification

Early research on multiracials documents the existence of a newly emergent population, those who identify with more than one race or what is commonly now known as multiracials. Contemporary research on multiracialism has a new focus on the stratification that multiracials experience and how multiracials may be influencing a new racial hierarchy. This paper discusses some of the primary issues of multiracialism and stratification including colorism, the racial hierarchy, social class, gender and sexual orientation, and multiracial as a celebrity-like status. As the multiracial population grows, so must the field of multiracialism grows to include critical issues and questions regarding stratification.
Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of fecal incontinence and urinary incontinence in female patients: long-term follow-up

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate improvement in symptoms of fecal incontinence (FI) in a group of women who also had urinary incontinence (UI) and were successfully implanted with the sacral neuromodulation (SNM) device primarily for urinary incontinence in one US institution.
A rare case of rapid patency capsule disintegration.

To the Editor: A 64-year-old man with light-chain amyloidosis was referred to us for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. He had no signs of overt gastrointestinal bleeding. His past medical history was remarkable for recurrent small bowel obstructions and regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Physical examination was notable for pale conjunctiva. Abdominal exam revealed normal bowel sounds and was non-tender to palpation. Rectal exam was unremarkable, and fecal occult blood testing was negative. Laboratory tests showed a hemoglobin of 11.5 g/dl, MCV 67.8 fl, serum iron 19 mcg/dl (normal: 50–150 mcg/dl), and ferritin of 5 mcg/l (normal: 24–336 mcg/l).
Integrating judgmental and quantitative forecasts: methodologies for pooling marketing and operations information

Accurate forecasting has become a challenge for companies operating in today's business environment, characterized by high uncertainty and short response times. Rapid technological innovations and e‐commerce have created an environment where historical data are often of limited value in predicting the future. In business organizations, the marketing function typically generates sales forecasts based on judgmental methods that rely heavily on subjective assessments and “soft” information, while operations rely more on quantitative data. Forecast generation rarely involves the pooling of information from these two functions. Increasingly, successful forecasting warrants the use of composite methodologies that incorporate a range of information from traditional quantitative computations usually used by operations, to marketing's judgmental assessments of markets. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for the integration of marketing's judgmental forecasts with traditional quantitative forecasting methods. Four integration methodologies are presented and evaluated relative to their appropriateness in combining forecasts within an organizational context. Our assessment considers human factors such as ownership, and the location of final forecast generation within the organization. Although each methodology has its strengths and weaknesses, not every methodology is appropriate for every organizational context.
Abstract C11: Molecular mechanism driving BMI1-induced melanoma metastasis

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers, with a high potential for lethal metastasis and therapeutic resistance. The epigenetic chromatin regulator Bmi1 acts as a key component of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1 (PRC1) and is a known oncogene. Various studies shown that BMI1 is highly expressed in many human hematopoietic malignancies and in different solid tumor types including prostate, breast, ovarian, colon, brain and lung cancer. Importantly, high Bmi1 expression is an excellent predictor of both metastatic progression and poor therapeutic response. Bmi19s role in tumor onset has been assessed using germline mutant mice showing that Bmi1 ablation efficiently suppress tumor development. This impaired tumorigenicity correlates with an impairment of the self-renewal and proliferative properties of tumor initiating cells, mainly due to Bmi19s repressive activity on the Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor locus. Nevertheless, this function does not explain why Bmi1 is frequently upregulated in tumors nor Bmi19s role in tumor progression. To evaluate Bmi19s contribution to melanoma progression, we upregulated Bmi1 in two different melanoma cell lines, a murine metastatic cell line and a poorly metastatic human cell line. We found that Bmi1 overexpression activates or increases invasive behavior of both cell lines, without enhancing their proliferative capacity. This finding allowed us to dissect Bmi19s oncogenic activity at later stages of tumorigenesis, in the absence of Bmi19s deregulation of cell proliferation. Our data show that Bmi1 significantly enhances in vitro cell movement and modulates adhesion. Bmi1 also protects cells from apoptosis induced by different stimuli and increases lung metastasis formation in vivo. To characterize Bmi1-induced changes in gene expression, we have performed comparative deep sequencing of total RNA libraries generated from Bmi1 or GFP overexpressing cells. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment in cancer-relevant pathways that seem to be controlled by Bmi1, including cell movement, cell death and survival, tissue development and cell morphology. In particular, Bmi1 expression modulates the gene regulatory programs associated with EMT, TGFβ and the non-canonical Wnt pathways. We have identified a new Bmi1 target gene, poorly characterized, that seems to be responsible for Bmi1-induced melanoma progression. These data determine a causal role for Bmi1 in melanoma cell migration and establishment of distant melanoma metastasis. Citation Format: Roberta Ferretti, Jacqueline A. Lees. Molecular mechanism driving BMI1-induced melanoma metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C11.
Inhibition and stimulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by glyoxylate

Abstract Glyoxylate is a slowly reversible inhibitor of the CO 2 Mg 2+ -activated form of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from spinach leaves. Inactivation occurred with an apparent dissociation constant of 3.3 m m and a maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant of 7 × 10 −3 s −1 . The rate constant for reactivation was 1.2 × 10 −2 s −1 . Glyoxylate did not cause differential inhibition of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase or oxygenase activities. 6-Phosphogluconate protected the enzyme from inactivation by glyoxylate. Glyoxylate was incorporated irreversibly into the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase after reduction with sodium borohydride. Activated enzyme incorporated 1.3 mol of glyoxylate per mole protomer, while enzyme treated with carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate (CABP) to protect the active sites incorporated only 0.3 mol glyoxylate per mole protomer. The data suggest that glyoxylate forms a Schiff base with a lysyl residue in the region of the catalytic site. Glyoxylate stimulated the activity of the unactivated enzyme by about twofold. Pseudo-first-order inactivation also occurred with the unactivated enzyme after the initial stimulation by glyoxylate, although at a much slower rate than with the activated enzyme. Glyoxylate treatment of partially activated enzyme did not stimulate formation of the quaternary complex of enzyme · CO 2 · Mg 2+ · CABP.
Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback

[1] A new mathematical model clarifies how diverse styles and rates of landslide motion can result from regulation of Coulomb friction by dilation or contraction of water-saturated basal shear zones. Normalization of the model equations shows that feedback due to coupling between landslide motion, shear zone volume change, and pore pressure change depends on a single dimensionless parameter α, which, in turn, depends on the dilatancy angle ψ and the intrinsic timescales for pore pressure generation and dissipation. If shear zone soil contracts during slope failure, then α 0, and negative feedback permits slow, steady landslide motion to occur while positive pore pressure is supplied by rain infiltration. Steady state slip velocities v0 obey v0 = −(K/ψ) p*e, where K is the hydraulic conductivity and p*e is the normalized (dimensionless) negative pore pressure generated by dilation. If rain infiltration and attendant pore pressure growth continue unabated, however, their influence ultimately overwhelms the stabilizing influence of negative p*e. Then, unbounded landslide acceleration occurs, accentuated by an instability that develops if ψ diminishes as landslide motion proceeds. Nonetheless, numerical solutions of the model equations show that slow, nearly steady motion of a clay-rich landslide may persist for many months as a result of negative pore pressure feedback that regulates basal Coulomb friction. Similarly stabilized motion is less likely to occur in sand-rich landslides that are characterized by weaker negative feedback.