cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Adoptive Cell Therapy in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma.

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases and represent approximately 10–15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Multiagent chemotherapy with a CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone)-like regimen is the current standard of care in the frontline setting, but outcomes for PTCL patients generally remain poor. Strategies used to improve survival and reduce the risk of relapse in PTCL patients include autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (autoHCT) and allogeneic HCT (alloHCT). Due to the relative rarity of these diseases, the evidence supporting the use of autoHCT and alloHCT is based on retrospective and single-arm prospective studies. Novel targeted therapies are now being incorporated into the treatment of PTCL, and they may play important roles in improving upon current standards of care. Herein, we summarize the evidence supporting HCT for the treatment of the most common PTCL histologic subtypes and highlight novel treatment strategies aimed at improving outcomes for these patients, including cutting-edge approaches using chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T). Given recent improvements in OS and PFS in CD30+ PTCL using the drug-antibody conjugate brentuximab vedotin (BV), new questions arise regarding the impact of BV on consolidative autoHCT, and its role as a maintenance therapy. Multiple histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory PTCL, and these agents are being incorporated into HCT approaches, both in the frontline and maintenance settings. Early data incorporating these agents into novel conditioning regimens have been reported, and emerging evidence from recent trials suggests that CART cell therapies may prove effective in relapsed/refractory PTCL. The recommended treatment strategy in non-ALK+ PTCL remains induction with a CHOP-like regimen followed by consolidative autoHCT in first remission. In the relapsed/refractory setting, salvage chemotherapy followed by HCT (autoHCT or alloHCT depending on histologic subtype and HCT history) offers the only potential for cure or long-term remission. Ample room for improvement remains in the treatment of patients with PTCL, and novel treatment strategies incorporating targeted agents and CAR-T therapy may help to address the unmet needs of this patient population.
Towards Stable Imbalanced Data Classification via Virtual Big Data Projection.

Virtual Big Data (VBD) proved to be effective to alleviate mode collapse and vanishing generator gradient as two major problems of Generative Adversarial Neural Networks (GANs) very recently. In this paper, we investigate the capability of VBD to address two other major challenges in Machine Learning including deep autoencoder training and imbalanced data classification. First, we prove that, VBD can significantly decrease the validation loss of autoencoders via providing them a huge diversified training data which is the key to reach better generalization to minimize the over-fitting problem. Second, we use the VBD to propose the first projection-based method called cross-concatenation to balance the skewed class distributions without over-sampling. We prove that, cross-concatenation can solve uncertainty problem of data driven methods for imbalanced classification.
The Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019: A Religion Based Pathway to Indian Citizenship

The passage of the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019,(Act) has India’s secular values under scrutiny as the Act has created an ever-narrowing Indian pathway to citizenship. This amendment is seen as the first legal provision that begins to make India a homeland for Hindus. The Act grants Indian citizenship to persons belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian communities on grounds of religious persecution in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The bill grants these specific groups to be granted citizenship if they have arrived in India before December 14, 2014. Furthermore, the CAA gives an expedited path to citizenship to these groups of people who belong to the particular religion required by the CAA. Leaving out Muslims in this Act makes it discriminatory and puts India's seculars values at risk. In Part I, this article will analyze the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 and its specific provisions. Part II and Part III will explore the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 under both International Human Rights Law and the Law of India. In Part IV, this article will explore the Citizenship Amendment Act in the context of Indian history and politics. Part V will explore various proposals to be considered in this situation.
CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH MAINTENANCE IN AGING INDIVIDUALS: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER MEN AND WOMEN ON HORMONE THERAPY.

Abstract Objective To review screening guidelines for cardiometabolic disease in aging patients and review literature describing the effect of hormone therapy (HT) on several key cardiometabolic processes to inform providers caring for older transgender individuals. Methods A traditional literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results The risk of cardiovascular disease increases with age. Exogenous sex hormones may interact with hormone-dependent metabolic pathways and affect some biochemical assays, but they do not necessarily impact clinical outcomes. While long-term HT is associated with an increased risk of some adverse cardiovascular outcomes, modern treatment regimens minimize this risk. Conclusion Screening for cardiometabolic derangements and risk reduction are important for all aging individuals. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to propose separate screening recommendations for transgender individuals on long-term HT. Aging transgender men and women should be monitored for cardiovascular disease in much the same way as their cisgender counterparts.
AI-Guided Reasoning-Based Operator Support System for the Nuclear Power Plant Management

Abstract The decision-making process in the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) control room faces some challenges: operator incomplete knowledge, insufficient time for responding to the highly dynamic events, and a large number of indicators to monitor. Because of the complexity of the NPP system, it is hard to pre-plan all the failures/mitigative actions. An intelligent operator support system is vital to mitigate these shortcomings. In this paper, an AI declarative approach (Answer Set Programming (ASP)) is employed to represent our knowledge of the nuclear power plant in the form of logic rules. This represented knowledge is structured to form a reasoning-based operator support system. When an incident occurs, this ASP-based reasoning support system is demonstrated to be capable of fault identification (diagnosis), informing the operator of different scenarios and consequences, and generating the control options (decision making).
Limited Attention: Implications for Financial Reporting

I develop a model to study the implications of limited attention on financial reporting. I first shed light on a fundamental trade-off between disclosing a summary versus disclosing details: although a summary contains less information about fundamentals than details, it is easier to process. Moreover, I find that when investors' decisions are complements, attaching details to a summary does not always improve the quality of investors' decisions. This is primarily because when investors care about the decisions of others, they are induced to process details, even if doing so is very costly. By uncovering a potential cost of reporting details, my paper contributes a novel insight into the consequence of providing detailed information, an issue that is currently being considered by the FASB in its performance disaggregation project.
Reciprocity of Cognitive and Emotional Antecedents to Bullying: Bidirectional Relations Between Cognitive Impulsivity and Anger:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that cognitive and affective variables form a reciprocal relationship when it comes to predicting future bullying perpetration. To this ...
Neoclassical Growth Theory

This chapter discusses the one-sector neoclassical growth model—the foundation for all the growth theory in the book. The primary focus of the chapter is growth via capital accumulation. We think of capital as man-made durable inputs to the production process. The first type of capital we include is physical capital. For our purposes, physical capital can be primarily thought of as plant and equipment that is produced in one period and then used in production in the following period. (Definitions of physical capital will vary depending on the purpose at hand. In some cases, physical capital is defined to include inventories, software, land, and other inputs that extend beyond plant and equipment.) To model production, we introduce firms, economic institutions that combine physical capital and labor to produce goods and services.
Three-Dimensional Bicontinuous Graphene Monolith from Polymer Templates.

The two-dimensional single-layer and few-layered graphene exhibit many attractive properties such as large specific surface area and high charge carrier mobility. However, graphene sheets tend to stack together and form aggregates, which do not possess the desirable properties associated with graphene. Herein, we report a method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D), bicontinuous graphene monolith through a versatile hollow nickel (Ni) template derived from polymer blends. The poly(styrene)/poly(ethylene oxide) were used to fabricate a bicontinuous gyroid template using controlled phase separation. The Ni template was formed by electroless metal depositing on the polymer followed by removing the polymer phase. The resulting hollow Ni structure was highly porous (95.2%). Graphene was then synthesized from this hollow Ni template using chemical vapor deposition and the free-standing bicontinuous graphene monolith was obtained in high-throughput process. Finally, the bicontinuous graphene monolith was used dir...
Modeling, simulation, and netlogo in the introductory computer science curriculum

After introducing the concepts of agent-based and individual-based modeling (also known as multi-agent simulation), this tutorial will then introduce the NetLogo agent-based modeling language through examples and hands-on assignments. We will also look at some simple examples of system dynamics modeling. We will conclude looking at examples of actual student assignments, and at sample syllabi of two courses that have made use of this computing paradigm and language. The first is an introductory level programming class with a computer science breadth component that is appropriate as both a CS0 (non-majors introduction) and as a CS1 (first semester majors course). The second course is an introductory course with a 60-40 split between agent-based and systems-dynamics modeling using NetLogo.
Design tool assessment for safety-critical software development

The paper presents taxonomy of criteria and procedures for evaluating software development tools used in safety-critical real-time systems. The ultimate purpose of the research is to provide a base for creation of guidelines for the tool certification process. The specific application area is airborne software and appropriate references are made to the accepted RTCA DO-178B guidelines. The software design and coding processes are focal point of tool assessment. The paper presents the industry viewpoint, tool qualification and evaluation criteria, and an active experiment serving as a test-bed for collecting software development effort data and engineering observations supporting the tool assessment methodology.
Do Tougher Bank Capital Requirements Matter? New Evidence from the Eighties

In contrast to existing research, I find that tougher capital requirements were probably not responsible for the increase in capital ratios throughout the 1980s. Banks with low capital ratios tended to mean-revert well before any change in policy, and did not raise their capital ratios any faster after the policy change relative to better-capitalized banks. These conclusions are unchanged when exploiting a natural experiment – the plausibly exogenous elimination of differences across Federal Reserve System membership status in leverage requirements for community banks in 1985. I argue that these results are consistent with the presence of marketbased incentives for banks to hold capital so that existing regulatory capital requirements were not binding.
High-linearity switched-capacitor circuits in digital CMOS technology

A high-linearity switched-capacitor (SC) branch using MOSFET capacitors is presented. Simulation results for an SC voltage amplifier show the effectiveness of the branch and its capability to realize linear SC circuits with MOSFET capacitors.
Psychological Causes of Financial Market Cycles and Their Effects on Market Efficiency

This research utilizes the most recent research in psychology to analyze causes of financial cycles within the context of applied financial theory. Such cycles are shown to be consistent with both human nature and efficient markets, but they are also demonstrated to contribute to mispricing in inefficient markets. Technical analysis, which may pick up some of the resulting price patterns, can be enhanced by the full structural framework created in this research. This foundation includes a simple mathematical model of the optimal trading strategies of arbitrators seeking to maximize profits from security mispricings.
Multilevel analysis of the effects of antidiscrimination policies on earnings by sexual orientation

This study uses the 2000 U.S. Census data to assess the impact of antidiscrimination policies for sexual orientation on earnings for gays and lesbians. Using a multilevel model allows estimation of the effects of state and local policies on earnings and of variation in the effects of sexual orientation across local labor markets. The results suggest that gay men face an earnings penalty that varies significantly (though not sizably) across local areas, and that state antidiscrimination policies may decrease that penalty in private sector employment. There is, however, no evidence that lesbians in any sector average higher earnings or wages in areas with antidiscrimination policies. The strongest evidence of effects for antidiscrimination policies is for weeks of employment and for gay men who are in the private sector, white, and in the upper half of the earnings distribution. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Low power all digital acoustic noise suppression technique for switching voltage regulators

An all-digital method of pseudo randomly varying switching frequency of a buck VR in non-linear low power modes (hysteretic and pulse frequency modulation) is proposed in order to reduce acoustic noise. The switching frequency is maintained within the audio range, instead of being increased, and hence switching losses do not increase. The random variation in switching frequency in this scheme converts tonal noise to white noise which has lower peak power and is less noticeable to humans.
Mesh Hood Fascial Closure Is a Safe Alternative to Prevent Renal Allograft Compartment Syndrome During Kidney Transplantation.

Abstract Background Renal allograft compartment syndrome (RACS) is an under recognized yet important complication of kidney transplantation that can lead to early graft dysfunction and loss. The use of mesh for prevention and treatment of RACS in very selective circumstances has been documented previously in small case reports. However, it is unknown whether patient and graft survival rates are similar in patients undergoing renal transplantation with mesh placement for the prevention or treatment of RACS. The purpose of our study was to examine the risk factors, indications, and outcomes of mesh hood fascial closure (MHFC) use in the context of RACS prevention. Methods All patients who underwent kidney transplantation in our center between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed. Patients with mesh placed at the time of initial transplantation and secondarily at the time of reoperation were identified. Patient characteristics, Doppler ultrasound findings, and overall patient and graft survival rates were compared among patients with and without mesh placement. Results Of 600 patients who received a kidney transplant, 134 patients underwent mesh placement, 123 primarily and 11 secondarily. Our overall 1-year patient and graft survival rates compared between those with and without MHFC were, respectively, 97.5% and 94.8% compared to 98.5% and 95.5% with P > .05. Our mesh removal rate was 6% (8/134), and the rate of mesh infection was 1.6% (2/134). Conclusions We are the first to report the outcomes of MHFC for the prevention of RACS in patients undergoing renal transplantation. We found that MHFC in select circumstances has minimal risks and similar overall patient and graft survival rates when mesh is not used. Prospective studies to better understand the pathophysiology of RACS will aid in determining objective clinical indications for MHFC to improve allograft survival.
Untangling dynamical and microphysical controls for the structure of stratocumulus

[1] Stratocumulus clouds can assume closed- or open-cell structures with strikingly different abilities to reflect solar radiation. While open cells have been linked to the presence of precipitation and low droplet concentrations, complete understanding of processes leading to their formation is lacking. Here we show that the structure of stratocumulus can be linked to two time scales: an updraft time scale (tup) and a rain initiation time scale (tr). When sufficient drizzle forms within updrafts (tr ≤ tup), cloud water in the outflow is depleted enough that an overcast cloud cannot be sustained. Using a simple parcel model, we relate these time scales to three observable parameters (droplet number concentration, cloud depth, and updraft speed) and derive a functional representation for the transition from closed to open cells. Eight well-documented observed and simulated cases of open- and closed-cell stratocumulus fit well into the classification based on our model.
Note: Model identification and analysis of bivalent analyte surface plasmon resonance data

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a widely used, affinity based, label-free biophysical technique to investigate biomolecular interactions. The extraction of rate constants requires accurate identification of the particular binding model. The bivalent analyte model involves coupled non-linear differential equations. No clear procedure to identify the bivalent analyte mechanism has been established. In this report, we propose a unique signature for the bivalent analyte model. This signature can be used to distinguish the bivalent analyte model from other biphasic models. The proposed method is demonstrated using experimentally measured SPR sensorgrams.
Patient-reported changes in communication after computer-based script training for aphasia.

Abstract Manheim LM, Halper AS, Cherney L. Patient-reported changes in communication after computer-based script training for aphasia. Objective To evaluate changes in patient-reported communication difficulty after a home-based, computer-delivered intervention designed to improve conversational skills in adults with aphasia. Design Delayed treatment design with baseline, preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up observations. Setting Outpatient rehabilitation. Participants Twenty subjects with chronic aphasia. Interventions Sessions with the speech-language pathologist to develop personally relevant conversational scripts, followed by 9 weeks of intensive home practice using a computer program loaded on a laptop, and weekly monitoring visits with the speech-language pathologist. Main Outcome Measure Communication Difficulty (CD) subscale of the Burden of Stroke Scale (BOSS). Results The intervention resulted in a statistically and clinically significant decrease of 6.79 points (P=.038) in the CD subscale of the BOSS during the intervention, maintained during the follow-up period. Conclusions The findings of this study provide positive albeit preliminary and limited support for the use of a home-based, computer-delivered language intervention program for improving patient-reported communication outcomes in adults with chronic aphasia. Additional research will be required to examine the efficacy and effectiveness of this intervention.
The thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon copolymers—I. Head-to-head poly(α-methyl styrene)

Abstract The product and kinetic analyses of the thermal decomposition of head-to-head poly-α-methyl styrene are investigated. From the results, a mechanism of breakdown is postulated.
Characteristics of occupied habitats and identification of sites for restoration and translocation of New England cottontail populations

Abstract Since 1960 the range occupied by New England cottontails (NEC, Sylvilagus transitionalis) in the northeastern United States has declined dramatically. Populations in some regions are known to be vulnerable to extirpation, but little was known about the status of populations in most areas. A recently conducted (2000–2004) range-wide survey identified five disjunct populations within approximately 14% of the historic range of NEC. We incorporated the results of this survey into a geographic information system to examine habitat features associated with remnant populations of NEC at two spatial scales. The regional scale characterized habitats within our survey sample units, 7.5 min topographic quadrangles (quads, ∼40 × 10 km) that were occupied by NEC or vacant. The landscape scale described habitats within a 1-km radius of occupied patches and an equivalent sample of vacant patches. At the regional scale, northeastern and southeastern populations were associated with human-dominated habitats with a greater abundance of developed and disturbed lands, less forest coverage, more edge habitats, and less snow fall than unoccupied quads. Landscapes occupied by NEC in these regions were characterized by a greater abundance of potential dispersal corridors than unoccupied landscapes. In contrast, quads occupied by NEC in the southwestern portion of the historic range were in rural areas that were dominated by forests and agricultural fields. At the landscape scale, southwestern populations were affiliated patches of habitat surrounded by more agricultural lands than patches that were not occupied by NEC. Logistic regression models were then developed to identify habitats suitable for restoration or translocation within each region. We suggest that initial restoration efforts be directed toward expanding existing populations of NEC. Next, habitat connections should be developed among these populations. Finally, new populations should then be established via translocation in portions of the historic range that are vacant. In addition to promoting New England cottontails, management of early-successional and shrub-dominated habitats in the northeastern United States will benefit other taxa of conservation concern that are dependent on these habitats.
Natural attenuation strategy for groundwater cleanup focuses on demonstrating cause and effect

In the 20 years since cleanup of contaminated groundwater has been a high priority in the United States, recognition of both the scope of the problem and the technical difficulties involved has grown steadily Estimates of the number of hazardous waste sites where groundwater may be contaminated vary between 300,000 and 400,000 nationwide [NRC, 1994]. Legislation passed in the 1980s by Congress and the states generally required that groundwater in contaminated aquifers be restored to background or drinking water standards. Unfortunately attempts to meet these goals using conventional methods, such as pump and treat systems, frequently have been unsuccessful [NRC, 1994].
Discourse Impairments Following Right Hemisphere Brain Damage: A Critical Review

Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) rarely causes aphasias marked by clear and widespread failures of comprehension or extreme difficulty producing fluent speech. Nonetheless, subtle language comprehension deficits can occur following unilateral RHD. In this article, we review the empirical record on discourse function following right hemisphere damage, as well as relevant work on non-brain damaged individuals that focuses on right hemisphere function. The review is divided into four sections that focus on discourse processing, inferencing, humor, and non-literal language. While the exact role that the right hemisphere plays in language processing, and the exact way that the two cerebral hemispheres coordinate their linguistic processes are still open to debate, our review suggests that the right hemisphere plays a critical role in managing inferred or implied information by maintaining relevant information and/or suppressing irrelevant information. Deficits in one or both of these mechanisms may account for discourse deficits following RHD.
Fetal Brain Behavior and Cognitive Development

Abstract The human brainstem is fashioned around the 6th–7th week of gestation and matures in a caudal to rostral arc, thereby forming the medulla, pons, and midbrain. The medulla mediates arousal, breathing, heart rate, and gross movements of the body and head, and medullary functions appear prior to those of the pons, which precede those of the midbrain. Hence, by the 7th–9th gestational week the fetus displays spontaneous movements, 1 week later takes its first “breath,” and by the 25th week demonstrates stimulus-induced heart rate accelerations. As the pons, which is later to mature, mediates arousal, body movements, and vestibular and vibroacoustic perception, from around the 20th to 27th weeks the fetus responds with arousal and body movements to vibroacoustic and loud sounds delivered to the maternal abdomen. The midbrain inferior-auditory colliculus followed by the superior-visual colliculus is the last to mature and in conjunction with the lower brainstem makes fine auditory discriminations and reacts to sound with fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations, head turning, and eye movements—around the 36th week. When aroused the fetus also reacts with reflexive movements, head turning, FHR accelerations, and may fall asleep and display rapid eye movements. Thus fetal cognitive motor activity, including auditory discrimination, orienting, the wake–sleep cycle, FHRs, and defensive reactions, appear to be under the reflexive control of the brainstem, which also appears capable of learning-related activity.
Family Centered Care in Adult Mental Health: Developing a Collaborative Interagency Practice

This article reviews the literature on family burden and the benefits of family involvement when an adult family member experiences a mental illness. A family centered care model is proposed as a best practices approach for supporting both the identified patient and the family. The experiences of Ross Memorial Hospital in developing an interagency model for family centered care are described. A case example illustrates this best practices approach with a family coping with major depressive disorder in an adult family member.
Motor Proficiency Relationships among Siblings

The purpose of this study was to examine motor proficiency relations of siblings. 23 sibling pairs ages 5 to 13 years were studied. Motor proficiency was assessed by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form of 14 items, adjusting for Body Mass Index percentile, age, and sex. The association among siblings' overall motor proficiency was not statistically significant. When each of the 14 items in the test was examined separately, significant associations were found. Items positively associated among siblings included walking on a balance beam, tapping feet and making circles, and sorting shape cards. Copying a picture of overlapping pencils and making dots in circles were inversely related. The results indicate that siblings may share certain motor-skill components of balance, bilateral coordination, and upper limb speed or dexterity, but do not necessarily have the same global motor competence. Additional research is needed to explain relations in motor skills among siblings.
Corrigendum to “Urinary exosome miRNome analysis and its applications to salt sensitivity of blood pressure” [Clin Biochem 46 (2013) 1131–1134]

Corrigendum to “Urinary exosome miRNome analysis and its applications to salt sensitivity of blood pressure” [Clin Biochem 46 (2013) 1131–1134] John J. Gildea, Julia M. Carlson, Cynthia D. Schoeffel , Robert M. Carey, Robin A. Felder a,⁎ a Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA b Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Work Sampling: An Application to the University.

Work sampling, an industrial technique, enables a supervisor to estimate the percent of time a worker spends on a particular activity. In the office situation studied here, it was found that the same amount of work presently produced could be accomplished by a staff reduced by 23% from the present level. This determination was made in less than five hours by the observer, yet a savings of over $9,000 could be realized from these efforts in a single year. Periodic campus-wide use of this technique could result in even more substantial savings for an institution.
Direct communication between axons and sheath glial cells in crayfish

Evidence for the transfer of molecules as large as proteins from glial or Schwann cells to axons has frequently been reported1–8. This phenomenon is well supported in crayfish3,4,8 and squid5–7 but there is some doubt about its existence in vertebrates9. In invertebrates most of the data support the transfer from glial cells to axons, but little is known about movement of molecules in the opposite direction. However, Grossfeld et al.10 recently reported data on the passage of a fluorescent dye (Lucifer yellow CH, molecular weight (MW) 476) from a crayfish median giant axon to all glial cells of the adaxonal layer. Little is known of the mechanism by which molecules are exchanged between axons and glial cells, but the bidirectionality of the phenomenon in crayfish axons suggests that channels or pores for direct intercellular communication may exist. In most cells, direct communication is provided by gap junctions11 but these structures have never been seen between axons and glial cells of crayfish12–14. Indeed, regions of plasma membrane specialization have been reported13, but they are structurally different from gap junctions. I describe here pore structures, observed between 51 axons and glial cells of six crayfish spinal cords, which may represent the means of communication between these cells.
Implications of Within-Fiber Temporal Coding for Perceptual Studies of F0 Discrimination and Discrimination of Harmonic and Inharmonic Tone Complexes

Recent psychophysical studies suggest that normal-hearing (NH) listeners can use acoustic temporal-fine-structure (TFS) cues for accurately discriminating shifts in the fundamental frequency (F0) of complex tones, or equal shifts in all component frequencies, even when the components are peripherally unresolved. The present study quantified both envelope (ENV) and TFS cues in single auditory-nerve (AN) fiber responses (henceforth referred to as neural ENV and TFS cues) from NH chinchillas in response to harmonic and inharmonic complex tones similar to those used in recent psychophysical studies. The lowest component in the tone complex (i.e., harmonic rank N) was systematically varied from 2 to 20 to produce various resolvability conditions in chinchillas (partially resolved to completely unresolved). Neural responses to different pairs of TEST (F0 or frequency shifted) and standard or reference (REF) stimuli were used to compute shuffled cross-correlograms, from which cross-correlation coefficients representing the degree of similarity between responses were derived separately for TFS and ENV. For a given F0 shift, the dissimilarity (TEST vs. REF) was greater for neural TFS than ENV. However, this difference was stimulus-based; the sensitivities of the neural TFS and ENV metrics were equivalent for equal absolute shifts of their relevant frequencies (center component and F0, respectively). For the F0-discrimination task, both ENV and TFS cues were available and could in principle be used for task performance. However, in contrast to human performance, neural TFS cues quantified with our cross-correlation coefficients were unaffected by phase randomization, suggesting that F0 discrimination for unresolved harmonics does not depend solely on TFS cues. For the frequency-shift (harmonic-versus-inharmonic) discrimination task, neural ENV cues were not available. Neural TFS cues were available and could in principle support performance in this task; however, in contrast to human-listeners’ performance, these TFS cues showed no dependence on N. We conclude that while AN-fiber responses contain TFS-related cues, which can in principle be used to discriminate changes in F0 or equal shifts in component frequencies of peripherally unresolved harmonics, performance in these two psychophysical tasks appears to be limited by other factors (e.g., central processing noise).
Wave Functions and Energy Levels for Fe as Found by the Unrestricted Hartree-Fock Method

Results of a self-consistent field calculation using Slater's average exchange potential are given for atomic iron. The usual restriction of doubly filled orbitals in closed shells is dropped and orbitals, with the same $n$ and $l$ quantum numbers but different ${m}_{s}$ are varied separately. This results in a separate set of radial wave functions for the two one-electron spin directions. The differences in these functions arise from an exchange polarization effect produced by the net spin of the Fe atom. Wave functions, one-electron energy parameters, net spin charge density, and electrostatic potential functions for each spin are given. A comparison is made between these results and those obtained by the Hartree method. The magnetic form factor found with these new Fe orbitals is shown to be in good agreement with experiment. The fine-structure splittings are also evaluated and found not to be in as good agreement as those calculated by the Hartree method. The hyperfine splitting of the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ ion is estimated using the new orbitals and found to be in much better agreement than estimates based on a limited configuration interaction.
Restricted Feeding in Early and Late-Feathering Chickens.3. Organ Size and Carcass Composition

Carcass composition traits and weights and lengths of organs relative to body weight were measured in females from a broiler-breeder parent stock segregating for early and late-feathering alleles maintained under four feeding regimens. Feeding regimens consisted of ad libitum (AL), ad libitum restricted (ALR, feed restricted daily), and skip-one-day and skip-two-days (SOD and STD, given two or three times ALR allowance on Day 1 and not fed on the next 1 or 2 days, respectively). At 160 days of age, pullets on SOD and STD were changed to ALR feeding; daily feed allowances were increased to 135 g by day 180 and to 138 g on day 250. Organ growth and carcass composition were generally similar for early and late-feathering genotypes. Restricted feeding increased relative weights and lengths of segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and pancreas and reduced relative weights of the abdominal fat depot (AFD) and lipid contents of the liver, AFD, and total carcass. Relative weights of legs, breast, feathers, heart, and liver and carcass protein composition were not affected by feeding regimen. Relative oviduct and ovary weights were not affected, but number of rapidly developing follicles was higher for AL than restricted-fed hens. Relationships of most organs to total body weight changed little after sexual maturity. Relative weights and lengths of GIT decreased whereas breast, legs, and AFD increased. Feed-restricted chickens adapted to fasts by retaining GIT contents longer. Feeding regimen x age interactions were significant for esophagus, proventriculus, gizzard, shank, breast, legs, feathers, and AFD weights; esophagus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and shank lengths; and lipid contents of AFD and liver.
Phase conjugate Twyman-Green interferometer for testing spherical surfaces and lenses and for measuring refractive indices of liquids or solid transparent materials

The present paper describes an application of a phase conjugate Twyman-Green interferometer using barium titanate as a self-pumping mirror for testing optical components like concave and convex spherical mirrors, and lenses. The aberrations introduced by the beam splitter while testing concave or convex spherical mirrors of large aperture are automatically eliminated due to self-focussing property of the phase conjugate mirror. There is no necessity for a good spherical surface as a reference surface unlike in classical Twyman-Green interferometer or Williams interferometer. The phase conjugate Twyman Green interferometer with a divergent illumination can be used as a test plate for checking spherical surfaces. A non-destructive technique for measuring the refractive indices of a Fabry Perot etalon by using a phase conjugate interferometer is also suggested. The interferometer is found to be useful for measuring the refractive indices of liquids and solid transparent materials with an accuracy of the order of ± 0.0004.
A comparison of dictionary use within two information retrieval systems

Persons performing research in the field of information retrieval need to be concerned with likenesses as well as differences in various automated systems. This paper uses the same computer routines to compare two dictionaries of different sizes, having some similar features and some different features. It compares the use of the dictionaries in building their input file, and discusses the frequency of occurrence of descriptors and their combining power, with an analysis of the data generated.
Expression of human placental ribonuclease inhibitor in Escherichia coli

Human placental ribonuclease inhibitor (PRI) has been expressed in and isolated from Escherichia coli. Its apparent molecular weight, immunoreactivity and amino acid composition are virtually identical with those of native PRI. It inhibits the enzymatic activities of either angiogenin, a blood vessel inducing protein homologous to pancreatic RNase (RNase A), or RNase A in a stoichiometry of 1:1. Recombinant PRI binds to angiogenin and RNase A with Ki values of 2.9 x 10(-16) M and 6.8 x 10(-14) M, respectively, comparable to the affinities of native PRI for these enzymes. Thus, these results confirm that PRI inhibits angiogenin more effectively than RNase A.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for zein and other proteins using unconventional solvents for antigen adsorption.

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed in polystyrene microtiter plates that can detect and quantitate the maize prolamin zein is described. The assay yields positive reactions with as little as 1 ng of antigen and uses solvents not ordinarily employed in ELISA methods. A systematic investigation of zein adsorption to polystyrene in various solvents supports the hypothesis that antigen binding occurs through nonpolar interactions. The method was also used to determine structural relationships among three zein polypeptides differing in size and charge. Additional experiments indicate that a number of soluble proteins are adsorbed to polystyrene in the denaturing agent urea and retain immunological reactivity. The retention of antigen reactivity after solubilization in 6–8 m urea suggests that ELISA methods may be applicable to other proteins which are insoluble, or rendered insoluble, in aqueous buffers.
Thinning of superfluid films below the critical point.

Experiments on $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ films reveal an attractive Casimir-like force at the bulk $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ point and in the superfluid regime. Previous work has explained the magnitude of this force at the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ transition and deep in the superfluid region but not the substantial attractive force immediately below the $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ point. Utilizing a simple mean-field calculation renormalized by critical fluctuations we obtain an effective Casimir force that is qualitatively consistent with the scaling function $\ensuremath{\vartheta}$ obtained by collapse of experimental data.
Maintaining reliability in a long-term psychiatric study: an ongoing inter-rater reliability monitoring program using the longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation.

Abstract The Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE), has been shown to be a valid and reliable instrument for characterizing the week-by-week course of anxiety disorders examined retrospectively over the period of 1 year. Due to the chronic nature of these disorders, there is a need for reliable, valid instruments for measuring course over periods of several years if we are to learn more about the natural history of these disorders. This paper describes a rater-monitoring program designed to ensure long-term inter-rater reliability and prevent “rater drift”. In this program, clinical interviewers score taped interviews and are required to maintain a median intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of at least 0.80 with the other raters. Raters also assess tapes from previous years, to ensure that they are using the same diagnostic criteria as earlier generations of interviewers. A reliability study was conducted to compare psychiatric status ratings (PSRs) collected using biweekly telephone interviews with the semi-annual interviews. The ICCs for panic, agoraphobia, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder were very good to excellent. Another reliability study examined the PSRs of subjects who had been previously lost to follow-up. ICCs for panic, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder and depression were good to excellent. These results show that the LIFE, when used in conjunction with an intensive training and rater monitoring system, is a reliable instrument for use in longitudinal studies of the course of anxiety disorders.
Respiratory physiology of Aplysia californica (J.E. Morton & C.M. Yonge, 1964) and Aplysia brasiliana (J.E. Morton & C.M. Yonge, 1964) upon aerial exposure

A comparison was made between the effects of aerial exposure on the respiratory physiology of two species of Aplysia; the sluggish Pacific Aplysia californica (J.E. Morton & C.M. Yonge, 1964) and the active Atlantic Aplysia brasiliana (J.E. Morton & C.M. Yonge, 1964). The objectives of the study were three-fold: (1) To compare the effects of aerial exposure on rates of oxygen uptake for both species; (2) To determine if metabolic adjustments are utilized during periodic long-term aerial exposure, particularly the presence (or absence) of an O2 debt and the accumulation of anaerobic metabolites; (3) To determine Aplysia's ability to tolerate desiccation due to aerial exposure. Both species endured a < 10% loss in body weight within a 10-h period of aerial exposure. However, A. californica lost significantly less weight than A. brasiliana Both species are oxygen conformers in water and exhibited similar rates of oxygen uptake. In air, there was a rapid reduction in rates of aerial oxygen uptake, to 16% of aquatic values. In A. californica, a two-fold increase in aquatic oxygen uptake was found immediately following a 4-h period of aerial exposure, indicating the repayment of an oxygen debt. However, calculations indicate that only 19% of the oxygen debt was repaid within a 4-h recovery period, suggesting that this species depresses its overall metabolic rate upon aerial exposure. The presence of anaerobic energy production was verified by the accumulation of whole-body alanine (seven-fold increase), hemolymph d-lactate (eight-fold increase), and the concomitant degradation of aspartate and glutamine (two-fold decrease). On the other hand glutamate, serine, glycine, and taurine concentrations were unaffected by aerial exposure. It was concluded that Aplysia's physiological adaptations to stranding include a high tolerance to desiccation, depressed rates of aerial oxygen uptake, reliance on anaerobic metabolism, and overall metabolic depression. These features are characteristic of sublittoral species subject to short periods of aerial exposure.
Symptomatic cerebral histoplasmoma: Case report

✓ A 53-year-old man, with a past history of a thoracotomy 7 years previously, developed seizures. A computerized tomography scan with contrast medium revealed a peripheral ring-like lesion in the anterolateral part of the right parietal lobe. Pathological evaluation of the resected lesion demonstrated it to be a histoplasmoma. Although rare, a histoplasmoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a ring-shaped lesion in a patient with previous pulmonary disease.
Specification and verification of collusion-free broadcast networks

For high-speed local area networks that offer integrated services for data, voice, and image traffic, a class of demand-assigned multiple-access protocols have been presented in the literature. These protocols exploit the directionality of signal propagation and enforce time constraints to achieve collision-freedom. A correct implementation of such a protocol requires a careful analysis of time-dependent interactions of event occurrences using a formal method. To date, most protocol verification methods are intended for the analysis of asynchronous communication over point-to-point channels.We present a model for broadcast bus networks. The novel features of our model include the ability to specify broadcast channels and the specification of real-time behavior. The broadcast characteristics of cables or buses are captured by some simple axioms. Real time is modeled as a discrete quantity using clocks and time variables. Real-time properties are specified by safety assertions. To illustrate our model and analysis method, we present a specification of the Expressnet protocol. We found that to achieve collision-freedom, a small modification to the original Expressnet protocol is needed.
Downsized Dinosaurs: The Evolutionary Transition to Modern Birds

Living birds are the most diverse land vertebrates and the heirs of a rich chapter in the evolution of life. The origin of modern birds from animals similar to Tyrannosaurus rex is among the most remarkable examples of an evolutionary transition. A wealth of recently discovered fossils has finally settled the century-old controversy about the origin of birds and it has made the evolutionary saga toward modern birds one of the best documented transitions in the history of life. This paper reviews the evidence in support of the origin of birds from meat-eating dinosaurs, and it highlights the array of fossils that connect these fearsome animals with those that fly all around us.
Intentional replantation of teeth

Intentional replantation—a seldom-used technic because root resection is generally preferred—involves extracting a tooth and reinserting it after treatment of the canals. The procedure which is best done by two dentists, is described, along with its history, indications, contraindications, and an evaluation of the success or failure in 45 cases.
A Heuristic Procedure for the Layout of a Large Number of Facilities

A new approach to the solution of the facilities layout problem on the plane is presented in this paper. A simple procedure that can replace the dispersion phase of DISCON is constructed. The result of the new method is a scatter diagram of the facilities on the plane that can be used by practitioners as guidelines for planning the layout. Since the method is simple and effective, large layout problems can be solved efficiently by it.