cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nodular and Diffuse Dermatitis

There is a significant overlap with the nodular and diffuse pattern and the superficial and deep perivascular pattern; indeed, some entities discussed in Chap. 5 could arguably be included in this chapter as well (e.g., arthropod bite reaction). Other entities discussed in this chapter could also conceivably be discussed in the chapter on perivascular dermatitis (e.g., Sweet’s syndrome). The primary difference in the nodular and diffuse patterns from the perivascular pattern is that the inflammation is not just centered on vessels. On scanning magnification, nodular dermatitis is characterized by discrete areas of inflammation, separated by uninvolved areas (Fig. 7.1). In contrast, the diffuse pattern demonstrates dense dermal inflammation without intervening areas of sparing (Fig.7.2). Distinction in individual cases is admittedly arbitrary and subject to individual interpretation. As with automobiles, your mileage may vary.
Land Values and Agricultural Income: A Paradox?

ECONOMISTS have historically been conditioned to a close relationship betwen the prices of farm products and land values. Land values soared with the increase of commodity prices during World War I, collapsed with prices in 1921, remained steady as prices remained steady in the 1920's, collapsed again with farm prices in the early 1930's, recovered slowly as farm prices increased in the late thirties and during World War II. In the lull between World War II and the Korean war, farm prices and land values moved upward together. Three decades of relatively close correlation between farm prices and land values verified the residual theory of rent, and economists were content that land values were positively related to movements in gross agricultural income. The converse of this, of course, is that if gross income remains steady, land values should remain steady. This has not been the course of events since the end of the Korean episode. In 1952, the U. S. Department of Agriculture estimate of realized gross income was $37.0 billion; in 1964 the estimate was $42.2 billion or an increase of 14 percent. Land values, on the other hand, stood at an index of 83 and 1952 and 131 in 1964, or an increase of more than 57 percent for the period.
Selection of reference genes for expression analysis in the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli

The selection of reference genes is a crucial step for quantitative real-time PCR analyses and increasingly the use of more than one reference gene for accurate and reliable normalization is being recommended. In this study, a set of six genes was selected and their stability was assessed in different life stages and female organs of Bactericera cockerelli harbouring or not the bacterial pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) haplotype B. The stability of each gene was determined using the BestKeeper, NormFinder and GeNorm programs. These analyses identified elongation factor-1a, ribosomal protein subunit L5 and ribosomal protein subunit 18 as the most stable genes to analyse gene expression during the insect life stages irrespective of Lso presence; Lso haplotype B only affected their respective ranking. By contrast, a common set of normalizers could not be found amongst the different female organs tested (bacteriomes, alimentary canals and reproductive organs).
Versatile and Scalable Method for Producing N-Functionalized Imidazoles

Imidazolate salts are powerful and versatile starting materials that can be used to generate many useful compounds. To this end, a method for producing sodium imidazolate (NaIm) from only commodity starting materials has been developed. NaIm was directly produced at a scale of ∼400 g via the neutralization of molten imidazole by NaOH, followed by dehydration. The NaIm product was then utilized as a starting material to produce 20 different N-functionalized imidazole and bis(imidazole) compounds, with the application of a common procedure involving minimal solvent volumes and straightforward purification via flash chromatography and solvent evaporation. Generating N-functionalized imidazoles “on demand” from NaIm and alkyl halides (or similar compounds) can eliminate the need for hazardous starting materials such as NaH and anhydrous solvents that have typically been employed in their synthesis. This method may ultimately enhance the availability of N-functionalized imidazoles for a variety of research and...
A COMPARISON OF TURBULENCE MODELING IN FLOW ANALYSIS OF ICED AIRFOILS

Flow fields around iced airfoils are analyzed using four different turbulence models: one-equation Baldwin-Earth model, one-equation Spalart-Allmaras model, two-equation k-e model, and twoequation Shear Stress Transport model. Analyses are performed with the WIND code for two ice shapes, rime ice and glaze ice, and compared with experimental data. Results show that predicted stall characteristics of iced airfoils are strongly affected by the choice of turbulence model, implying that an appropriate turbulence model is essential to the accurate prediction of aerodynamic performance of iced airfoils. The influence of turbulence modeling is greater in the glaze ice shape than in the rime ice shape.
Characterization of Kilohertz-Ignited Nonthermal He and He/ ${\rm O}_{2}$ Plasma Pencil for Biomedical Applications

In this paper, an atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma pencil generated in helium and helium/ oxygen gas mixtures was characterized in detail for its discharge characteristics, plasma power, reactive plasma species produced, plasma density, and plasma temperatures using electrical and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnostics, and its efficacy for biomedical application. A visible plasma plume length of approximately 27 mm was generated using a 60-kHz ac HV power supply. The OES results showed the most intensive plasma emission lines of OH transition A 2 Σ + (v = 0, 1)→X 2 Π(Δν = 0) at 308 nm and OH transition A 2 Σ + (v = 0, 1)→X 2 Π(Δν = 1) at 287 nm, O I transition 3p 5 P→3s 5 S 0 at 777.41 nm, O I transition 3p 3 P→3s 3 S 0 at 844.6 nm, and N 2 (C-B) second positive system with electronic transition C 3 Π u →B 3 Π g in the range 300-450 nm. The effects of controlled oxygen content on the plasma pencil and on various helium plasma emissions and electrical properties are studied. A spatial distribution of reactive plasma species produced by the plasma pencil is presented. The electron density of plasma jet was estimated to be in the order of 2.1 × 10 14 cm -3 using Stark broadening line profile of the hydrogen alpha emission. The temperatures of afterglow plasma pencil were evaluated using OH rotational temperatures, and the results demonstrate temperatures of 316 and 362 K for pure He and He/O 2 gas mixtures (0.1% O 2 ), respectively. Preliminary results on inactivation of Streptococcus pneumoniae on a solid surface and in liquid suspension were carried out using the plasma pencil for biomedical applications.
Certain Generating Functions and Associated Polynomials

(1945). Certain Generating Functions and Associated Polynomials. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 239-250.
INTERPRETATION OF SHORELINE POSITION FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

A review of some of the potential sources of error associated with the use of aerial photographs to map shoreline change is presented. The influence of both tides and waves in the estimation of the position of the wet sand line on the subaerial beach is included. The use of the relatively new digital photogrammetry as applied to shoreline mapping is discussed and suggested as having the potential for being a superior method for this application.
Longitudinal observation of health education in the control of schistosomiasis for 16 years in students of heavy epidemic areas in Poyang Lake region

To study an intervention model of health education to effectively control schistosomiasis infection in pupils in heavy epidemic areas,and to observe its long-term intervention effect,the method of experimental study was carried out.After baseline survey in 1992,two models,i.e."information transmission + training of protection skill + Reward Punishment" and "information transmission + behavior participation + behavior encouragement" were implemented to intervene to the target population of experimental group during 1993-1999 and during 2000-2007,respectively.There were no significant difference in the awareness rate of schsistosomiasis control knowledge,the correct rate of prevention attitude,the contact rate of infested water and the infection rate of schistosome between the experimental group and the control group before intervention(1992).One year after intervention(1993),the awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the correct rate of prevention attitude in the experimental group were increased from 8.99%,55.06% before intervention to 94.38%,98.88%,respectively;the contact rate of infested water and the infection rate of schistosome were decreased from14.55%、13.94% before intervention to 1.87%、2.25%,respectively;There was no significance difference in the above indexes in the control group before and after intervention.2-7 years after intervention(1994-1999),the contact rate of infested water and the infection rate of schsitosome in the experimental group decreased significantly compared with those before intervention,but not to 0.8-15 years after intervention(2000-2007),individuals of contacting infested water and patients infected with schistosome were not found in the experimental group.The implementation of the health education model of "information transmission + behavior participation + behavior encouragement" can make the students in heavy epidemic areas avoid infection of schistosome.
Preparation and Performance of UV Curable Epoxy Acrylate/Polyimide Resin Powder Composite Coating

UV curable epoxy acrylate/polyimide resin powder composite coating is prepared.The UV curing kinetic of composite coatings and hardness,adhesion,impact resistance,thermal stability of composite coating are characterized.The results show that UV curing rate and double bond conversion rate drop with polyimide resin powder added to coatings.Adhesion and impact resistance of coating are enhanced with the increase of the amount of polyi-mides resin powder.When the amount is 4%,adhesion of coating reaches 1 grade,its impact resistance reaches 38cm.However,when amount of polyimide resin powder is excessive,adhesion and impact resistance of coating decrease.Polyimide resin powder has little effect on the hardness of composite coating.TGA analysis results reveal that addition of polyimide resin powder can improve thermal stability of coating significantly.
57 THE IMPACT OF HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON SERUM ANDROGEN LEVELS AND SEXUAL FUNCTION IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Sexual dysfunction, associated with low libido, vaginal dryness, impaired orgasm, and decreased arousal has been reported in about 15% of oral contraceptive users. It has been noted that these sexual side effects are the result of changes in serum androgen profiles caused by the use of oral contraceptives. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between changes in serum androgen profiles and specific sexual function complaints. This was a retrospective questionnaire-based study. The subjects studied were determined via a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria from reviewing charts of all patients evaluated at the UCLA Female Sexual Medicine Center. Previously collected data on patients9 serum androgen profiles (total testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin) and sexual health questionnaires (regarding sexual function, level of sexual distress, and sexual desire/energy) both before and after the discontinuation of oral contraceptive usage were extracted from the charts of qualified subjects. A total of 21 women were evaluated. Median total testosterone and free testosterone levels increased significantly, while SHBG decreased. The free androgen index (FAI= total T/SHBG) increased from 0.139 to 0.474 (p ≤ 0.001). Questionnaire data showed a significant increase in sexual energy (2 to 4, p = 0.002), decrease in sexual distress (36 to 25, p = 0.017) and improvement in global Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score (15.4 to 23.3, p = 0.003). Therefore, hormonal contraceptives is a potential cause of sexual dysfunction in pre-menopausal women and the underlying etiology is mostly likely related to increased SHBG and decreased total and free testosterone levels.
Model Uncertainty Quantification

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is the analytic process of determining the effect of input uncertainties (both their magnitudes and sources) on system outcomes. Traditionally applied in engineering reliability analysis, UQ now plays a significant role in environmental and water resource (EWR) applications as environmental engineers and modelers are increasingly involved in designing or permitting complex systems, including examining their long-term environmental impacts and providing decision support under risks. Risk analysis is the process of determining the consequence of uncertain and often undesirable outcomes. UQ provides inputs to risk analysis which, in turn, provides bases for decision making and for improving data collection design. UQ and risk analysis are integral and often required components of EWR applications nowadays.
Geographies of migration I Refugees

This first report on Geographies of Migration primarily centers on refugees. I first summarize some of the debates about categories scholars use to describe people who move across space. The article then discusses three prominent themes in geographic research on refugees, turning first to the securitization of migration, its spatial and territorial practices of migration management, and the reworking of borders. Next, I highlight research on the warehousing of refugees in camps and cities, and the protracted uncertainty these practices create. The third major strand of scholarship I discuss challenges ‘the refugee condition’ that deems refugees passive victims in need of intervention and focuses instead on refugees’ everyday and embodied experiences of displacement, their subjectivities and agency.
Family substance use screening: less to hide, more to gain.

A relentless rise in undertreated or untreated substance use disorders highlights the magnitude of the challenge the society is facing and a critical need to identify evidence-based, practical approaches in order to effectively screen people at high risk for unhealthy alcohol use, tobacco and drug use, increase early detection of substance use disorders, and offer the proper care they need. The Family CAGE (an acronym of four questions on alcohol use) is a brief questionnaire adapted from the original CAGE questionnaire devised by Frank et al1 and studied by Basu et al2, in this issue under a format encompassing drug use (AID=Adapted to Include Drugs). The study examines the validity and associated characteristics of the questionnaire for the diagnosis of alcohol and other substance use disorders as well as the inter-rater reliability between one family member and the substance user. The results were drawn from a cross-sectional analysis of two samples: treatment seeking substance-using patients, and individuals receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment while not pursuing treatment for substance use disorders. In both groups, the scores of the Family CAGE-AID and the traditional CAGE-AID questionnaires were significantly correlated. In the psychiatric sample, a correlation between the scores of the questionnaire and ICD-10 symptom score was observed, along with a moderate but significant agreement between the scores of substance users and family members. Family CAGE-AID was found to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of substance dependence formulated using ICD-10 criteria2. There are a few points to consider. Because of the design of the study, family members’acceptance of the questions about other members’ alcohol and drug use problems is unknown, which needs further study. The authors acknowledged that a limited range of substance use diagnoses and disease severity in the study sample limited the generalizability of study findings, and that psychiatric evaluation was not performed to control for the quality of responses among participating relatives. However, the findings demonstrate the practicality and potential utility of a family screen instrument for alcohol and drug use problems. Among future applications, the involvement of multiple family members in the interview, and confirmation studies in large samples at the primary care level and within different age ranges should be considered. Following evaluation, data gathered on interventions outcome and follow up assessment will be of interest.
Polymorphisms in angiogenesis related genes predict clinical outcome in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with first line 5-FU or capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin and bevacizumab (FOLFOX/BV or XELOX/BV)

10576 Background: The inhibition of angiogenesis is central to the mechanism of action of BV, a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We evaluated functionally significa...
Optimization of latissimus dorsi isometric force production by N-let electrical stimulation

In this paper we present the results of a study on optimal variable frequency 'N-let' stimulation of unconditioned goat latissimus dorsi muscle. The latissimus dorsi is the muscle of choice for both dynamic cardiomyoplasty and skeletal muscle ventricles. Optimized 2-pulse (doublet), 3-pulse (triplet), and 4-pulse (quadlet) bursts were found to provide significantly greater isometric force-time integrals than comparable fixed frequency bursts.
Postscript on Laila Soliman's Revolutionary Theatre

Laila Soliman's prophetic words in Lessons in Revolting, “ this revolution is far from over” (2011) have come to fruition. The ouster of former President Mohammed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood-dominated government by a military takeover on 3 July 2013 (after only one year in power) has added another chapter to the uprising's trajectory. While the revolution inspired dramatic protest and equally spectacular creative expression in the form of experimental theatre, music, art, spoken word, and other forms, many Egyptian artistes and cultural critics have bemoaned a general stymying of artistic synergies at the state level due to a series of interconnected factors. They have attributed this attrition to “budget limitations, recurring safety problems, the so-called ‘religious eye’ that defied Egypt's cultural identity— particularly during the year when power was in the hands of the former president Mohamed Mursi—and a cabinet filled with either the Islamist factions or their sympathizers” (Metwaly 2013).
An expert facility layout system: an object–oriented approach

A good layout design is important for a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) to operate efficiently. Traditional algorithms for layout design are confining and have limitations with regard to decision factors and knowledge representation. Knowledge–based expert systems have opened up a new way for modelling and evaluation of the ill–structured CMS layout problem. In addition to the advantages of integrating the vast amount of available knowledge and making it accessible to ordinary users, the knowledge–based approach is also useful for dealing with ambiguous, qualitative information and empirical knowledge that are often part of the CMS layout design process. The objective of this research is to develop a prototype for CMS Layout Design Expert System (CLADES) by using the expert system shell KEE (Knowledge Engineering Environment). This expert system would provide a powerful and eficient decision support tool for users in CMS layout design. CLADES solves the CMS layout problem in two stages. In the first stage, the machine cell layout is determined. In the second stage, the machine layout within each cell is determined. To obtain a reasonable layout design for a CMS, several factors which affect the decision are used as criteria in the CMS layout design problem. They are production quantity of the system, variation of part process routing, material handling system, unit load of an item, and dimensions of the floor plan. The design options considered by CLADES include three types of layout for machine cells, four types of layout for machines within a cell, and five types of material handling systems. In its current form, CLADES contains 58 rules, three models and three algorithms, and one algorithm is directly coded in CLADES in the LISP language. CLADES uses a tandem architecture, which connects the knowledge base to the model and algorithm base. This structure takes advantage of not only the expert system approach, but also the optimization approach. CLADES is coded using KEE/LISP in an object–oriented programming (OOP) fashion. It also has a user–friendly interface which makes the system easy to use. The object–oriented programming approach allows new rules, models and algorithms to be easily added to CLADES without changing the developed system structure. This built–in flexibility and convenience is very important for the modification and expansion of the system. This research has proved the feasibility of applying the knowledge–based approach to solve the CMS layout design problem. And the framework of CLADES shows it is a promising expert system to be developed into an industrial application.
Review of reverse engineering systems – current state of the art

ABSTRACTReverse engineering (RE) has been widely applied in many segments of industry when digital or geometric models of existing physical objects are unavailable. This paper details components of RE systems and describes the needs for RE in manufacturing industries. Commonly used contact and non-contact scanning techniques are described. Possible interfaces with other manufacturing processes, especially 3D printing (3DP), are discussed. This paper also describes new trends in the field that include increased speed, accuracy, and level of automation in the future. Finally, a discussion on two major tolerance issues in terms of integrating RE and 3DP are presented.
A structural model of cost pass-through: the case of the US yogurt retailing

We provide a structural framework for retail cost pass-through based on a neoclassical inverse demand model and retail profit maximization conditions. Unlike previous literature where game-theoretic structures are imposed on cost pass-through, our framework allows for estimating cost pass-through and the degree of market competition simultaneously. Further, our model incorporates potential cross-brand effects representing demand substitution and strategic complementarity effects. Our model supplements the traditional reduced-form approach to pass-through and is applicable in environments, where the lack of brand-level cost data renders reduced-form analysis infeasible. The empirical value of our model is illustrated in an econometric analysis of retail pass-through for national and store brand yogurt. Our results indicate that: (1) market competition has a positive impact on own-brand cost pass-through, especially for national brands, and (2) overlooking cross-brand effects results in biased own-brand pass-through estimates. Finally, we provide a graphical illustration of the relationship between cost pass-through and market competition.
EQL: Event Query Language for the Sharing of Internet-of-Things Infrastructure and Collaborative Applications Development

A user-friendly and functional query language for complex events in an IoT environment, along with the query processing techniques involved therein, are introduced in this paper. In an IoT environment which smart services provide a uniform Boolean abstraction to handle massive device heterogeneity, the proposed query language, EQL (Event Query Language), allows application developers to access event streams from smart services. Our approach allows application developers without domain knowledge to more intuitively formulate queries using temporal and logical operators. The processing of EQL queries takes into account the soft real-time event response requirement of the IoT environment.
XUV-Based Time-Resolved ARPES

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has the unique ability to resolve the electronic band structure of materials in momentum space. In this technique, photons of energy higher than the work function are used to eject electrons. By measuring the energy and momentum of these photo-ejected electrons, one can obtain the energy-momentum dispersion relation inside the material. ARPES has made a tremendous impact in condensed matter physics by helping to understand the physics of materials including topological insulators, strongly correlated materials, and two-dimensional materials such as graphene and TMDs.
The Use of T Cell Costimulation to Enhance the Immunogenicity of Tumors

The use of recombinant poxviral vectors containing transgenes for tumor-associated antigens, along with transgenes directed against one or more costimulatory molecules or other immunostimulatory entities, as “conventional” vaccines for cancer therapy is now well documented in numerous preclinical studies and completed and ongoing clinical studies. This chapter reviews the status of the use of recombinant poxviral vectors containing multiple costimulatory molecules to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells. This can be accomplished by the ex vivo infection of tumor cells with recombinant poxviral vectors containing immunostimulatory molecules and the subsequent use of these tumor cells as vaccines or by the direct intratumoral injection of recombinant poxviral vectors containing immunostimulatory molecules. Preclinical studies have reported the successful use of these modalities to enhance both antigen-specific T cell responses and antitumor effects. To date, however, few clinical trials have actually been carried out to further evaluate these potentially efficacious modalities in the management of a range of cancers.
Anterior Spinal Artery Occlusion

The anterior spinal artery (ASA) has multiple anastomoses along its path and therefore spinal stroke due to ASA occlusion is a rare event. Following an ASA occlusion, collateral blood flow, although inadequate to meet the needs of the spinal cord, may be enough to prevent a sudden stroke and instead may result in a gradual loss of cord function. The etiologies are mostly embolic, inflammatory, and traumatic. Atherosclerosis and resultant stroke is very rare in the ASA. The acute ASA syndrome is characterized by bilateral flaccid paresis or plegia below the lesion level, loss of motor reflexes, and dissociated sensory loss. Treatments are focused on the prevention of secondary ischemic events and on management of complications related to spinal cord dysfunction.
Generalized stepwise optical saturation enables super-resolution fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

We present a novel super-resolution fluorescence lifetime microscopy technique called generalized stepwise optical saturation (GSOS) that generalizes and extends the concept of the recently demonstrated stepwise optical saturation (SOS) super-resolution microscopy [Biomed. Opt. Express9, 1613 (2018)10.1364/BOE.9.001613]. The theoretical basis of GSOS is developed based on exploring the dynamics of a two-level fluorophore model and using perturbation theory. We show that although both SOS and GSOS utilize the linear combination of M raw images to increase the imaging resolution by a factor of M, SOS is a special and the simplest case of GSOS. The super-resolution capability is demonstrated with theoretical analysis and numerical simulations for GSOS with sinusoidal and pulse-train modulations. Using GSOS with pulse-train modulation, super-resolution and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images can be obtained simultaneously. The super-resolution FLIM capability is experimentally demonstrated with a cell sample on a custom-built two-photon frequency-domain (FD) FLIM system based on radio frequency analog signal processing. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of super-resolution imaging in FD-FLIM.
The use of cadaver models to diagnose rib fractures: A pilot study.

Abstract Background In the emergency department, rib fractures are a common finding in patients who sustain chest trauma. Rib fractures may be a sign of significant, underlying pathology, especially in the elderly patients where rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To date, no studies have evaluated the ability of ultrasound to detect rib fractures using cadaver models and subsequently use this model as a teaching tool. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if it is possible to generate rib fractures on cadaver models which could be accurately identified using ultrasound. Methods This was a cross-sectional study performed during one session at a cadaver lab. A single hemithorax from four adult cadavers were used as models. Single rib fractures on each of rib five through eight were created. Four subjects, blinded to the normal versus fractured ribs, were asked to identify the presence of a fracture on each rib. Results A total of 8 of 16 potential ribs had fractured induced by study staff. Mean accuracy was 55% for all subjects. The overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting rib fractures was 50% (CI: 31.89–68.11) and 59.38% (CI: 35.69–73.55) respectively. The overall PPV and NPV was 55.17% and 54.29% respectively. Conclusions In this pilot study, subjects were not able to detect induced rib fractures using ultrasound on cadaver models. The use of this model as a teaching tool in the detection of rib fractures requires further investigation.
Clinical outcomes after isolated pelvic failure in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiation.

Abstract Purpose To describe clinical outcomes in patients with isolated pelvic failures after definitive radiation treatment for cervical cancer. Methods and materials Cervical cancer patients with isolated pelvic failure after definitive radiation with brachytherapy boost were identified in a tertiary academic center database from 1997 to 2016. All patients received an FDG-PET scan prior to their initial treatment and at the time of their first recurrence. Isolated failures in the cervix or pelvic nodes were biopsy-proven. Distant failure and overall survival (OS) were censored outcomes. Results Isolated pelvic failure was detected in 67(11%) out of 607 consecutive patients treated with external beam pelvic radiation and brachytherapy boost. The median time to isolated pelvic recurrence was 9 months (range 3–198). Median follow-up time for patients alive after isolated pelvic recurrence was 40 months (range 0.6–183). Of these 67 patients, 28(42%) received salvage surgery, 17(25%) received chemotherapy alone, and 22(33%) received neither surgery nor chemotherapy. The median time to distant failure after isolated pelvic failure was 20 months (95% CI 3–37), with no significant difference between patients treated surgically vs. non-surgically. FDG-avid pelvic and para-aortic nodes at initial presentation were associated with worse distant control after isolated pelvic failure (HR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.0–12). Median OS for patients treated with surgery, chemotherapy alone, and neither surgery nor chemotherapy was 29 months (95% CI 16–41), 12 months (95% CI 3–21), and 3 months (95% CI 1–5), respectively. Conclusions Patients who have pelvic and para-aortic nodal disease at initial presentation are at higher risk of failing distantly after isolated pelvic failure, which should be considered when counseling patients on aggressive surgical salvage. Surgical salvage was associated with prolonged survival after isolated pelvic failure.
Switching Variability Factors in Compliance-Free Metal Oxide RRAM

Switching variability in polycrystalline compliance-free HfO 2 -based 1R RRAM is evaluated employing ultra-fast low voltage pulse approach. Changes in filament conductivity are linked to the variations of energy consumed in a switching process. This study indicates that variability is reduced (suppressed) in more resistive filaments.
The national blueprint for future basic and translational research to understand factor VIII immunogenicity: NHLBI State of the Science Workshop on factor VIII inhibitors.

INTRODUCTION Inhibitor formation against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is an unresolved serious problem in replacement therapy for the X-linked bleeding disorder haemophilia A. Although FVIII inhibitors have been extensively studied, much of the basic mechanism of this immune response remains to be uncovered. AIM Within the NHLBI State of the Science Workshop on Factor VIII Inhibitors, Working Group 3 identified three scientific priorities for basic and translational research on FVIII inhibitor formation. METHODS A larger list of potential areas of research was initially developed as a basis for subsequent prioritization. Each scientific goal was further evaluated based on required effort, potential impact, approach, methods, technologies and models. RESULTS The three priorities include the following: activation signals and immune regulation that shape the response to FVIII (including innate immunity, microbiome, adaptive immunity and regulatory T cell studies in humans); utility of animal models and non-animal approaches (in silico, genetic, single-cell/sorted population "omics," in vitro) to help predict inhibitor formation and identify novel therapeutics; and impact of the source of FVIII, its structure and von Willebrand factor on immunogenicity and tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Early interactions between FVIII and the immune system, biomarker development and studies in different patient groups (previously treated or untreated, with or without inhibitor formation, patients undergoing immune tolerance induction or gene therapy) deserve particular emphasis. Finally, linking basic to clinical studies, development of a repository for biospecimens and opportunities for interdisciplinary research training are important components to solving the urgent problem of inhibitor formation.
Why Do Antarctic Ozone Recovery Trends Vary

We use satellite ozone records and Global Modeling Initiative chemistry transport model simulations integrated with Modern Era Retrospective for Research and Analysis 2 meteorology to identify a metric that accurately captures the trend in Antarctic ozone attributable to the decline in ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The GMI CTM Baseline simulation with realistically varying ODS levels closely matches observed interannual to decadal scale variations in Antarctic September ozone over the past four decades. The expected increase or recovery trend is obtained from the differences between the Baseline simulation and one with identical meteorology and fixed 1995 ODS levels. The differences show that vortex-averaged column O3 has the greatest sensitivity to ODS change from 1 to 20 September. The observed vortex-averaged column O3 during this period produces a trend consistent with the expected recovery attributable to ODS decline. Trends from dates after 20 September have smaller sensitivity to ODS decline and are more uncertain due to transport variability. Simulations show that the greatest decrease in O3 loss (i.e., recovery) occurs inside the vortex near the edge. The polar cap metrics have vortex size-dependent bias and do not consistently sample this region. Because the 60-90°S 220 Dobson unit O3 mass deficit metric does not sample the edge region, its trend is lower than the expected trend; this is improved by area weighting. The 250-Dobson unit O3 mass deficit metric samples more of the edge region, which increases its trend. Approximately 25% of the September Antarctic O3 increase is due to higher O3 levels in June prior to winter depletion.
Aversion for Avulsion: A Case of Delayed Diagnosis of Traumatic Tricuspid Rupture

Tricuspid rupture secondary to blunt force trauma is a rare diagnosis. However, the incidence of this injury is rising due to the improved initial treatment of complex trauma patients as well as enhanced early detection methods through the use of cardiac ultrasound. We report the case of an otherwise healthy 42 year old male who sustained significant blunt force trauma after a single motor vehicle accident. The diagnosis of traumatic papillary rupture and disruption of the valve apparatus was made on the day of admission after perioperative hemodynamic compromise and the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. However, treatment was delayed due to concerns of systemic anticoagulation leading to his eventual demise.
Digital Archives for African Studies: Making Africa’s Written Heritage Visible

This chapter seeks to make visible what has long been overlooked: the existence of centuries old local forms of literacy written in non-European languages and housed in archives throughout Africa. Rich bodies of documents written in Arabic, Ajami (African languages written with enriched forms of the Arabic script), and other locally invented writing systems, Ngom shows, have existed in pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial Africa for centuries, and digital technology has enabled their recuperation and dissemination.
Evaluation of a Longitudinal Family Stress Model in a Population-Based Cohort

The Family Stress Model (FSM) is an influential family process model that posits that socioeconomic disadvantage impacts child outcomes via its effects on parents. Existing evaluations of the FSM are constrained by limited measures of socioeconomic disadvantage, cross-sectional research designs, and reliance on non-population-based samples. The current study tested the FSM in a subsample of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,918), a large population-based study of children followed from birth through age 9. We employed a longitudinal framework and used measures of socioeconomic disadvantage beyond economic resources. Although the hypothesized FSM pathways were identified in the longitudinal model (e.g., economic pressure at age 1 was associated with maternal distress at age 3, maternal distress at age 3 was associated with parenting behaviors at age 5), the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage at childbirth on youth socioemotional outcomes at age 9 did not operate through all of the hypothesized mediators. In longitudinal change models that accounted for the stability in constructs, multiple indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage at childbirth were indirectly associated with youth externalizing behaviors at age 9 via either economic pressure at age 1 or changes in maternal warmth from ages 3 to 5. Greater economic pressure at age 1, increases in maternal distress from ages 1 to 3, and decreases/increases in maternal warmth/harshness from ages 3 to 5 were also directly associated with increases in externalizing behaviors from ages 5 to 9. Results provide partial support for the FSM across the first decade of life.
Management of sleep apnea in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background With the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak there has been concern that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who develop COVID-19 may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality than patients without OSA. COVID-19 is associated with an increased mortality in the elderly and particularly those with obesity, hypertension and diabetes, features which are typically seen in patients with OSA. This article describes the COVID-19 environment in New York City in which patients were evaluated and treated for OSA. Methods A telephone questionnaire survey of 112 OSA patients determined the occurrence of COVID-19 in the sleep apnea population and the patients' perspective on sleep apnea Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) management during the COVID-19 outbreak. The three main objectives of the survey were as follows: (1) To discover how patients were coping with COVID-19 pandemic in terms of their sleep apnea and PAP use, (2) To determine whether PAP usage changed after the onset of the outbreak in terms of adherence, and (3) To find out if patients were concerned about whether they were at greater risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their sleep apnea and, if they became infected, whether COVID-19 might result in greater complications because of the presence of sleep apnea. Results/Conclusions The adjustment in clinical management of OSA patients is described both during the peak of the outbreak in New York State (NYS), as well as the proposed modifications that will be instituted in order to return to full sleep center activities.
Developing a communication curriculum for primary and consulting services

Communication skills are fundamental to effective patient care, and inter-subspecialty communication is frequently identified as a key component of medical education curriculums globally. The team primarily responsible for a patient, the 'primary service', may often request a consult from a specialist, the 'consulting service', for questions of diagnosis, management, or assistance in arranging or performing a procedure or test. Few resources exist to support the development and growth of communication curriculums across primary and consulting services. We provide tips to improve communication across services in patient care and enhance learning for multiple levels of providers. This article provides a guide for the planning and implementation of a communication curriculum and highlights key components for success, based on our experience as teaching faculty on primary and consulting services, at a large academic institution. With the proper collaborations, teaching touch points, specialist consult communication tool, peer coaches, and timely feedback, this course can meet numerous educational and institutional priorities.
A neural network assessment tool for estimating the potential for backward erosion in internal erosion studies

A new technique and approach for characterizing piping problems using artificial neural networks is introduced. Recent studies suggest that most large dam failures are a result of internal erosion, although this particular failure mechanism is often less highlighted in the standard procedures for dam designs. Over toppling, foundation analysis, spillway, structural and slope stability analyses are more commonly conducted. In addition, current internal erosion/piping risk assessments are limited because they often tend to be qualitatively based. This is because there is very little understanding of the mechanics of internal erosion with regard to seepage. The contribution of this work is a new approach/tool based on quantitative parameters and soil mechanics.
Topological methods for data modelling

The analysis of large and complex data sets is one of the most important problems facing the scientific community, and physics in particular. One response to this challenge has been the development of topological data analysis (TDA), which models data by graphs or networks rather than by linear algebraic (matrix) methods or cluster analysis. TDA represents the shape of the data (suitably defined) in a combinatorial fashion. Methods for measuring shape have been developed within mathematics, providing a toolkit referred to as homology. In working with data, one can use this kind of modelling to obtain an understanding of the overall structure of the data set. There is a suite of methods for constructing vector representations of various kinds of unstructured data. In this Review, we sketch the basics of TDA and provide examples where this kind of analysis has been carried out. The rapidly developing field of topological data analysis represents data via graphs rather than as solutions to equations or as decompositions into clusters. This Review discusses the methods and provides examples from physics and other sciences.
Frozen Sections in Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology

Frozen sections are an indispensable tool in the evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders. They are used in a wide range of conditions, which include primary diagnosis or assessment of recurrence of primary and metastatic neoplasms and evaluation of surgical margins. Even when a final diagnosis cannot be rendered, they are still indispensable in confirming the presence of adequate tissue for diagnosis and/or ancillary studies, such as cytogenetics, flow cytometry, or FISH. They are also becoming increasingly useful in the exclusion of infection in implants and prosthetic devices. Because the evaluation of musculoskeletal pathology is complicated by several issues, including rarity of mesenchymal tumors compared to carcinomas, it is important for the pathologist to use a multidisciplinary team approach to the diagnosis and include input from the surgeon and the radiologist.
T lymphocytes as critical mediators in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, and the foreign body response

Research on the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterial implants has been focused on the roles that the innate immune system has on mediating tolerance or rejection of implants. However, the immune system also involves the adaptive immune response and it must be included in order to form a complete picture of the response to biomaterials and medical implants. In this review, we explore recent understanding about the roles of adaptive immune cells, specifically T cells, in modulating the immune response to biomaterial implants. The immune response to implants elicits a delicate balance between tissue repair and fibrosis that is mainly regulated by three types of T helper cell responses -T helper type 1, T helper type 2, and T helper type 17- and their crosstalk with innate immune cells. Interestingly, many T cell response mechanisms to implants overlap with the process of fibrosis or repair in different tissues. This review explores the fibrotic and regenerative T cell biology and draws parallels to T cell responses to biomaterials. Additionally, we also explore the biomedical engineering advancements in biomaterial applications in designing particle and scaffold systems to modulate T cell activity for therapeutics and devices. Not only do the deliberate engineering design of physical and chemical material properties and the direct genetic modulation of T cells not only offer insights to T cell biology, but they also present different platforms to develop immunomodulatory biomaterials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of T cells' roles can help to navigate the biomaterial-immune interactions and reconsider the long-lasting adaptive immune response to implants, which, in the end, contribute to the design of immunomodulatory medical implants that can advance the next generation of regenerative therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review article integrates knowledge of adaptive immune responses in tissue damage, wound healing, and medical device implantation. These three fields, often not discussed in conjunction, are important to consider when evaluating and designing biomaterials. Through incorporation of basic biological research alongside engineering research, we provide an important lens through which to evaluate adaptive immune contributions to regenerative medicine and medical device development.