cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Production Using Continuous Wave and Pulsed Laser Vaporization

We have produced single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by Nd:Yag laser vaporization of porous cobalt-nickel/graphite targets for the first time without applying external heat to the target. Both continuous wave (c.w.) and pulsed laser-techniques were explored. In the pulsed experiments, the energy density per pulse was varied between 0.12 and 0.62 J/cm 2 and pulse rates ranged from 24 kHz down to 3 kHz corresponding to average powers of 25.5 to 16 W. Continuous wave experiments were conducted at average powers which corresponded to those measured for each of the pulsed runs. An additional run at 30 W was also performed. A rigorous method developed for the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images was used to estimate SWNT content in the laser-generated carbon samples. The pulsed and continuous wave processes both produced a linear increase in SWNT content with increasing average power. These results are not intuitive for the pulsed laser-production since a higher average power corresponds to a lower peak pulse power. In fact, a pulsed run with the maximum pulse energy of 0.62 J/cm 2 (3 kHz, 16 W), produced no detectable SWNTs. A maximum SWNT content of 78% was observed for c.w. experiments at a power of 30 W. Additional laser experiments performed on dense cobalt-nickel / graphite targets at room temperature enabled a better understanding of the carbon removal mechanisms for the pulsed versus c.w. processes. Cumulatively, these investigations indicate that high energy laser pulses produce particles from highly porous targets by ablation which are too large to readily be incorporated into growing nanotubes. Successful high-yield production of SWNTs relies upon remaining in a vaporization regime during synthesis.
Epidemiological Surveillance of Seven Kinds of the Respiratory Tract VirusAssociated Respiratory Tract Infection in Children in Suzhou

Objective To carry out epidemiological surveillance of seven kinds of the respiratory tract virus including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) associated acute respiratory infection in children in Suzhou from January 2001 to December 2007.Methods The children with acute respiratory infection enrolled in the study were 17715.Nasopharyngeal secretions were obtained from the respiratory tract by aseptic vacuum aspiration.Direct immunofluorescence assay was carried out to detect seven kinds of virus antigens including RSV antigen.Results In the last seven years the main reason for the respiratory tract infection in children in the Suzhou area was RSV infection,and the average annual detection rate of the RSV positive was 23.42%.The respiratory tract infection were two-humped change,the peak period was from November to March of next year,and in the period from May to December it is low.The average annual detection rate of the influenza virus(IV) was 6.17%,in which the most popular type was type A influenza virus,and the detection rate of type B influenza virus ascended every March.The parainfluenza virus(PIV) infection presented an average year epidemiological feature.The annual average detection rate of the PIV 1~3 was 3.84%,and the detection rate was PIV3 over PIV1 over PIV2.The annual average detection rate of the adeno virus(ADV) was 1.32%,and the high period was spring and summer.Most of the RSV infected patients were infant(less than 1year old) and especially in male(P 0.01) while the IV and ADV infected patients were 3 years old children(P0.01),and the PIV3 infected patients were less than 2 years old(P0.01).Conclusions RSV infection presents obvious seasonal periodicity and the infants who are less than 1 year old are the main infected patients in Suzhou area.IV and ADV infection are higher in winter,spring and summer,and the major patients are more than 3 years old.PIV infection has no obvious seasonal epidemiological feature and the detection rate of the subtype and age is different.
Origins and Evolution of the TPSR Alliance Community of Practice

Teaching for personal and social responsibility (TPSR) is unconventional in nature, and this article describes the origins of the program and the many hurdles it had to overcome. It is not strictly a form of kinesiology, social work or education. It focuses instead on the whole person: kids' needs, interests and vulnerabilities. But TPSR also shines a spotlight on the rigidity of universities, which may be aware of the need for interdisciplinary work but are unable to make it happen most of the time. Finding a home for TPSR within the conventional structure of the university was frustrating, especially when we were so convinced of its value.Sport and physical activity are a special medium with intrinsic appeal for most kids. It is a great micro-cosmos where we win, lose and cooperate, and it offers many more options for teaching personal and social responsibility than other school subjects. The main interest has always been to work with at-risk youth, empowering them and helping them develop tools for tak...
Do patients with thromboembolic disease have circulating platelet aggregates

Reports of circulating platelet aggregates (ie, microemboli) in thromboembolism and other vascular disorders are based on a method (Wu and Hoak , 1974) in which venous blood is collected via scalp vein needle and tubing into either formaldehyde, which fixes aggregates, or EDTA, which disperses them. The ratio of platelet counts in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from the two blood samples after centrifugation is interpreted as a measure of platelet aggregates in the circulation in vivo. We compared this standard Wu and Hoak technique with a modified one, in which blood was drawn directly into a syringe, and with a third method that avoided centrifugation by counting single platelets in whole blood. Both modified techniques could detect aggregates generated in vitro with adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In 12 normal subjects, the three methods were equivalent, but in 37 patients with thromboembolic disorders, the standard Wu and Hoak method gave a lower ratio than the other methods. Similar results were found in a subset of eight patients with myocardial infarction. Heparin treatment of patients did not influence the results. The data suggest that formation of platelet aggregates occurred during venipuncture. Platelets may be hyperactive in patients with thromboembolic disease and may form aggregates in vitro during collection, but the concept of chronic microembolism in such patients should be reassessed.
Consumer information, price, and nonprice competition among hospitals.

As the cost of health care has soared, policymakers have begun to lose faith in planning and regulation as a means of controlling expenditures. Partly as a result, competition among hospitals has received increasing attention as a cost-cutting measure. According to the traditional antitrust view, more hospital competition improves market performance and lead to lower prices. Thus antitrust enforcement officials have become more active in health care, and more hospital mergers have been challenged by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission and the U.S. Department of Justice. In the United Kingdom as well, the government is promoting hospital competition (Working For Patients, [1989]).
The Passage of Molecules into Bile: Paracellular and Transcytotic Pathways

Early observations that entry of certain inert solutes into bile was restricted gave rise to the concept of bile/plasma permeability barrier (Forker, 1968). The situation was analogous to that in the capillary which had received scrutiny by such eminent physiologists as Landis, Pappenheimer and Zweifach, to name a few. The capillary wall was viewed as containing static pores with degree of solute filtration depending upon hydrostatic pressure, fluid viscosity, surface area, solute concentration and size, shape and physical properties of the solute (Pappenheimer, 1953). The capillary itself was passive. This basic theory was later modified slightly by Grotte (1956) who postulated a small number of large pores to account for the finite permeability of macromolecules.
Inverse-designed all-dielectric waveguide bend

Silicon photonics is a fast growing technology for high bandwidth optical communications. Bandwidth can be strongly enhanced with the use of multimode systems, but integrated photonics still has to operate in the single-mode regime. Indeed, most multi-mode photonic devices such as waveguide bends cannot preserve the integrity of the modes. Here we present an alternative inverse-design method to design an ultra-compact multimode waveguide bend. The convergence and performance of the algorithm are studied, along with a transform method that allows to design devices made of two materials only. The optimal device is studied with full electromagnetic simulations to compare its behavior with a more traditional circular waveguide bend. A broadband transmission with very low intermodal coupling is achieved. This illustrates the potential of the objective-first inverse-design method to design ultra-compact broadband photonic devices.
Advanced biophotonics: from biochips to nanosensors

This lecture provides an overview of the research activities in our laboratory related to the development and application of advanced biomedical photonics, molecular spectroscopy, nanosensors and biochips for biomedical diagnostics.
Providing students with context for professional communication: Experience report of multimedia case study creation

Professional communication teachers tend to administer monomodal and mono-media cases---typically alpha-numeric written texts with a pre-synthesized narrative of a communication situation whenever they use cases for students to respond to with professional communication products. With changes in electronic and multimedia technology that can afford new delivery and multi-sensory experiences for students and teachers, with changes in student expectations for multi-sensory engagement and for workplace preparedness, and with changes in workplace expectations for analyzing and then communicating organizational and disciplinary communication to various audiences, this poster presentation takes a multimedia, multimodal approach to case studies to supply students with the context necessary allow for more sophisticated analysis of situations and audiences. Multimedia case studies can force students to synthesize into a coherent narrative fragmented communication genres from different modes, media, and audiences. Authentic contexts thus yield authentic communication practice.
Judging the bomb builders

According to false popular mythology, observed the science historian Spencer Weart, all those involved in the Manhattan Project feel guilt and remorse. Ever since the mid-1950s, he notes, Paul Tibbets – the Enola Gay pilot who dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima – has received telephone calls from reporters on the anniversary of the bombing, curious about his sanity. "The reporters seemed disappointed when they learned that Tibbets and his crew were all leading ordinary lives with no regrets," writes Weart.
Everolimus‐induced nephrotic syndrome precipitated by interaction with voriconazole in a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma

SummaryWhat is known and objectives Everolimus is a small molecule that inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and is used for treatment of various solid tumours and renal transplant rejection prophylaxis. Whereas everolimus-induced proteinuria was previously observed in 3%-36% renal transplant recipients, nephrotic syndrome was not reported in cancer patients taking everolimus. However, nephrotic syndrome was reported in patients taking sirolimus. Case summary We report the case of a 32-year-old female with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma who was on everolimus for 5 years and developed nephrotic syndrome about 2 months after initiation of voriconazole. She was on 10 mg everolimus once a day and 200 mg voriconazole twice a day orally. Renal biopsy revealed thrombotic microangiopathic vasculopathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy. Discontinuation of everolimus and voriconazole rapidly improved her nephrotic syndrome. What is new and conclusion We provide in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms of everolimus-induced nephrotic syndrome and hypothesize that voriconazole likely decreased everolimus metabolism. In the era of targeted therapy for cancer, healthcare providers should be aware of the drug-drug interaction between everolimus (as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 inhibitors (ie voriconazole).
Juvenile hormone-stimulated proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum in fat body cells of a vitellogenic insect, Leucophaeamaderae (Blattaria)

Abstract The rate of incorporation of [14C]choline or [32P]orthophosphate into phospholipids of rough and smooth-surfaced microsomal membranes from insect fat body was stimulated by juvenile hormone. The maximum incorporation rate in vivo occurred three days following hormone application. During in vitro incubation of the fat bodies from hormone-treated females [32P] was taken up by the cells at about twice the rate of the controls, but its incorporation into microsomes was elevated 3.5 to five-fold. No difference in [32P] precursor pools was observed in vivo . The enhanced proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum is temporally coupled to the hormone-induced de novo biosynthesis of an exportable protein, vitellogenin.
Decreasing patient length of stay via new flexible exam room allocation policies in ambulatory care clinics

To address prolonged lengths of stay (LOS) in ambulatory care clinics, we analyze the impact of implementing flexible and dynamic policies for assigning exam rooms to providers. In contrast to the traditional approaches of assigning specific rooms to each provider or pooling rooms among all practitioners, we characterize the impact of alternate compromise policies that have not been explored in previous studies. Since ambulatory care patients may encounter multiple different providers in a single visit, room allocation can be determined separately for each encounter accordingly. For the first phase of the visit, conducted by the medical assistant, we define a dynamic room allocation policy that adjusts room assignments based on the current state of the clinic. For the second phase of the visit, conducted by physicians, we define a series of room sharing policies which vary based on two dimensions, the number of shared rooms and the number of physicians sharing each room. Using a discrete event simulation model of an outpatient cardiovascular clinic, we analyze the benefits and costs associated with the proposed room allocation policies. Our findings show that it is not necessary to fully share rooms among providers in order to reduce patient LOS and physician idle time. Instead, most of the benefit of pooling can be achieved by implementation of a compromise room allocation approach, limiting the need for significant organizational changes within the clinic. Also, in order to achieve most of the benefits of room allocation policies, it is necessary to increase flexibility in the two dimensions simultaneously. These findings are shown to be consistent in settings with alternate patient scheduling and distinctions between physicians.
Death and Burial

This chapter examines the queens’ deaths, including the causes and circumstances. Utilizing early modern medical knowledge and practice as well as assessments of life expectancies, the queens’ deaths are examined individually and collectively. Funeral rituals for them varied according to their official statuses as queen, dowager queen, or ex-queen. Those who died while still reigning, as well as Anne of Cleves, received elaborate funerals and were interred in important houses, Westminster Abbey and Windsor Castle. Katherine of Aragon, in disgrace because of her unwillingness to accept the title of princess of Wales, was buried at Peterborough Abbey, far from London. Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard were hurriedly interred at the Tower of London, and Katherine Parr was buried at a private home, Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire.
Halosulfuron-Methyl Degradation from the Surface of Low-Density Polyethylene Mulch Using Analytical and Bioassay Techniques

Vegetable injury and yield loss has occurred when applying halosulfuron to low-density polyethylene mulch (LDPE) prior to transplanting. Research determined vegetable crop response to halosulfuron applied over LDPE mulch from 1 to 28 d prior to transplanting using (1) temperature effects in aqueous solution in laboratory experiments, (2) analytical evaluation of degradation from LDPE under field conditions, and (3) a field bioassay. Halosulfuron stability was evaluated on a thermal gradient table for temperatures at 10 to 42 C for 15 d. Half-life was inversely related to temperatures ranging from 38.5 d at 20 C to 3.2 d at 42 C, with little to no degradation at temperatures of 11 and 15 C. Analytical data indicated that the field half-life of halosulfuron at 26 or 52 g ha-1 applied to LDPE mulch under dry conditions was 2.6 and 2.8 d, respectively. Given the changes in the microclimate effects at the mulch surface by absorption of solar radiation, daily thermal energy quantified halosulfuron degradation (at the same rates) to be 51 and 55 MJ m-2, respectively. At 21 d after treatment (DAT), 90% of halosulfuron had dissipated from the mulch, with none detectable 35 DAT under dry conditions. When watermelon or yellow crookneck squash was transplanted into mulch previously treated with halosulfuron at 79 g ha-1, plant growth and development were equal to nontreated controls as long as there was a 14 d prior to transplant (DPT) interval accompanied by 13.5 cm of rain, or a 17 DPT interval accompanied by 6.2 cm of rain. However, at 79 g ha-1 applied at 9 or 1 DPT in 2013, and 1 DPT in 2014, halosulfuron injured yellow squash and reduced yield and fruit number. Halosulfuron at 79 g ha-1 applied 1 DPT significantly reduced watermelon yield in 2013, which was confirmed by vine length and plant biomass reductions in 2014. Halosulfuron POST controls Cyperus spp. in mulch vegetable production, but time and rainfall are required for dissipation to occur in order to prevent injury and yield loss.Nomenclature: Halosulfuron; yellow crookneck squash, Cucurbita pepo L.; watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai.
Christian F. Otto (1940–2013)

Celebrated scholar of eighteenth- and twentieth-century architecture, guiding light of the History of Architecture and Urban Development program at Cornell University, two-term JSAH editor, gifted teacher, generous mentor, and friend to generations of designers and historians—Christian Otto was fully immersed in the work he loved when a yearlong encounter with pancreatic cancer brought it prematurely to a close. He is remembered for his prodigious intellectual gifts, his warmly animated demeanor, and the generosity with which he shared both in the many spheres he inhabited with grace, intensity and dedication. The geographic focus of Chris’s written oeuvre and the core around which his broad teaching expertise developed was Mittel Europe—from the prince-bishoprics of greater Bavaria in the waning years of the Holy Roman Empire to the productive tumult of Weimar-era Stuttgart and Berlin. He made signal contributions in both areas, bringing to the English-speaking reader the first (and still only) monographic study of the brilliant churches of Balthasar Neumann and, in collaboration with the late Richard Pommer, the first comprehensive exploration of the storied Weissenhof Siedlung —a 1927 housing exhibition that assembled on a single site the pioneering work of recognized luminaries and soon-to-be protagonists of a nascent modern movement. It was Chris’s special genius to recognize the distinctive architectural strategies that linked these disparate scenarios; beneath the florid embellishments of the Central European pilgrimage church and the restrained severity of the machine a habiter Chris detected a common and compelling leitmotif: the melding of skeletalized structure and harnessed light to dematerialize form and lend to space a positive volumetric presence. If Le Corbusier’s interiors at Weissenhof “were defined less by walls or planes … and more by light on forms,”1 so too at Neumann’s 1740s church at Vierzehnheiligen, “the interior is everywhere open to light which floods in, reducing …
Finding "Nature" in the City: the Intersection of Geography, Culture, and Urban Change in Valparaíso, Chile

The complex relationships that exist between “nature” and the built environment of cities are often both simplified and neglected in practice. Focusing on a coastal city in Chile, this paper illuminates various definitions and social constructions of nature and their inclusion or exclusion in practices of urban life, planning, and environmental management. Drawing on interviews and participant observation, this article analyzes how conceptualizations of nature affect urban environmental planning and management in the metropolitan area of Valparaiso. Analysis of these data shows that nature is primarily viewed as separate from cities, often leading to its exploitation or invisibility; when included in the urban form, systematic planning rarely prioritizes nature’s intricate interrelationship with the built environment. More specifically, the impact of such conceptualizations of nature and urban space can be seen in an ecological conflict in the region, in the town of Laguna Verde, and its connection to the coastline and nature of Valparaiso. This article suggests that we must define nature beyond the dichotomy of preservation or exploitation, in order to understand the various ways in which humans intersect with nature and to consider alternative paths for ensuring a sustainable relationship between the urban and natural components of our cities.
An Evolutionary Framework for Large-Scale Experimentation in Multi-Agent Systems

We discuss the construction of an evolutionary framework for conducting large-scale experiments in multi-agent systems for applications in electronic marketplaces. We describe how the evolutionary framework could be used as a platform for systematic testing of agent strategies and illustrate the idea with results from a simple supply-demand model. We further explain how to integrate the proposed framework in an existing multi-agent system and demonstrate our approach in the context of MAGNET, a multi-agent system where agents bid over complex combinations of tasks with time and precedence constraints.
Methods for extracting DNA from microbial mats and cultivated micro-organisms: high molecular weight DNA from French press lysis

Only a limited amount of work has been done on extraction of DNA from microbial mat environments. Muyzer et al. [9] have used hot phenolic extraction methods to obtain DNA suitable for PCR amplification. Enzymatic [5] and detergent lysis methods are being used for the same purpose (Paerl, personal communication). As in the case of RNA extraction (see Chapter 1.2.3), little has been published on the comparative analysis of different methods. In the course of our work on the use of small subunit ribosomal RNA (= SSU ~ rRNA) [12, 13] or SSU rRNA genes [6] to characterize inhabitants of hot spring microbial mats, we have tested three methods: French press, mini-bead beater and enzymatic lysis. We have not attempted to optimize these methods but have found that they vary in terms of the quality of the DNA extracted when used as described in the Protocol section. We have also not attempted to compare these methods in terms of DNA recovery. However, if DNA recovery is affected by different lysis methods in the same way as RNA recovery, it may be that French press lysis will give the highest DNA yield (see Section 1.2.4). Little published information is available on French press lysis of natural samples, presumably because it is difficult to process samples that contain mineral material with this technique. The low amount of mineral material in microbial mats has permitted us to evaluate the French press method.
Association between inhaled corticosteroid use and pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

Rationale: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease prevalence is increasing.Objectives: To determine the association between the use of inhaled corticosteroids and the likelihood of NT...
Diagnoses associated with dietary supplement use in a national dataset.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if participant diagnosis, as determined by a health care provider, is associated with dietary supplement (DS) use. Design/setting Surveys from 1255 study participants aged 34–84, part of the Midlife in the US Study (MIDUS 2 Survey) Biomarker Project, were reviewed. Participant data included pharmaceutical use (prescription and over-the-counter medications (OTC)), clinical symptoms and diagnosis, and laboratory results. Associations were calculated between the above participant characteristics and DS use. Main outcome measures Frequency of DS use for physician-reported diagnoses. Results Overall prevalence of DS use was 32.4%. Participants taking DS were more often female (p = .048), white (p Conclusions Some physician-reported participant diagnoses were associated, positively or negatively, with DS use.
Accuracy and precision of age determination using growth layer groups for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with known ages

Age determination from counts of growth layer groups (GLGs) in tooth dentine is a common method for aging marine mammals. Using known-aged animals, we validated this method for acid etched teeth of California sea lions (CSLs), Zalophus californianus. Between 1991 and 2013, the upper left canine (n = 33) was collected opportunistically during necropsy from animals tagged or branded as pups that later died. Overall, 55%-61% of age estimates by GLG counting were within 1 yr of the known-age in the sample of 1-30-yr-old CSLs. Accuracy of age estimates was found to be dependent on age of the CSLs, however. 71%-79% of age estimates were within 1 yr of the known-age in CSLs <10 yr old. These findings support the validity of counting GLGs to estimate age for CSLs <10 yr old to within 1 yr of accuracy.
A quasi-static approach for the solution of steady-state linear transport problems

Abstract This work was originally motivated by a research challenge formulated by prof. Ravetto more than a decade ago, on whether it is possible to adapt the quasi-static (QS) method for the solution of steady-state linear transport equation. As explained in this paper, several non-trivial technicalities arise when trying to apply projection techniques in a QS fashion to time-independent problems. After outlining how the shape/amplitude factorization can be extended to steady-state problems based on heuristic observations, we derive a hybrid method combining classical transport techniques with the QS approach. This methodology is tested in several one-dimensional test cases, to investigate the numerical performance of this novel approach and its convergence properties against a classical solution technique (i.e. discrete ordinates, using diamond difference and finite volumes).
Brand Activism at Starbucks—A Tall Order?

In April 2017, Kevin Johnson took over the reigns as CEO of Starbucks, the iconic coffee giant. He faced a number of key decisions to keep the global retail giant competitive, but one in particular loomed large. Over the last few years, Johnson's predecessor, Howard Schultz, had increasingly used Starbucks as a progressive platform in an attempt to influence the world around its stores, whether he was aiming to smooth out race relations in the United States or support marriage equality. (Schultz was so vocal about these issues, in fact, that many people speculated he harbored secret political ambitions for his post-Starbucks career.) The case examines Schultz's memorable 2015 Race Together campaign and invites students to debate whether Johnson's work should be focused on (1) similar attempts to align Starbucks with progressive ideals and social causes, or (2) Starbucks' profitability and shareholder value alone. Were there certain times or circumstances where it was appropriate to engage in brand activism, and what impact might these initiatives have on brand integrity and the bottom line?In addition to inviting students to analyze the financial, branding, and employee- and customer-relations implications of social activism at Starbucks, the case also allows them to develop a framework for when and how brand activism might be appropriate in the future. Excerpt UVA-M-0964 Jul. 10, 2018 Brand Activism at Starbucks—A Tall Order? On April 3, 2017, Kevin Johnson, the newly minted CEO of coffee giant Starbucks Corporation (Starbucks), stepped into his Seattle office for his first day on the job. Johnson knew he faced a number of key decisions and competition from both large and small players as he led the company into its next phase. (For recent stock price performance compared to competitor Dunkin' Donuts, see Exhibit1.) One issue at the top of his mind was whether to continue the tendency of his predecessor, long-standing CEO Howard Schultz, to make public corporate declarations on divisive social issues, ranging from how to discuss racism to the legalization of marriage equality. Indeed, Schultz's legacy loomed large, as the legendary leader had gained consistent praise as one of the world's best-performing CEOs for the past few years. (For Harvard Business Review's 2015 CEO rankings, see Exhibit 2.) At a time when the United States seemed to be as divided as ever, with a new president (Donald Trump) in the White House and growing concerns about gun violence, bigotry, and homophobia worrying many in the nation, an increasing number of brands such as Starbucks were choosing to take public stances to support the missions in which they believed. Johnson, however, came to Starbucks from a technology background, where he sold to businesses and had limited interaction with individual consumers, and he was unfamiliar with how to best strike an intimate and nonalienating chord with customers walking into Starbucks cafes every day. . . .
Making music with FunWithSound, processing, and Java: tutorial presentation

Writing programs to generate music can be an engaging topic for a creative computing or introductory programming course. FunWithSound (https://github.com/daveho/FunWithSound) is a music composition library for Processing and Java, designed to make it easy for students to compose music with a relatively small amount of code.
The Liminal Space.

The Liminal Space There is so much talk of “endings” and “after this” and even of “returning” to some way that we used to be. None of those imagined times and places feel real to me. Only this time...
Development and Implementation of a Pilot Radiation Reduction Protocol for Pediatric Head Injury.

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children in the United States. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a guideline to reduce radiation exposure in the pediatric head injury patient by identifying the patient population where repeat imaging is necessary and to establish rapid brain protocol magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line modality. Methods A retrospective chart review of trauma patients between 0 and 14 y of age admitted at a pediatric level 2 trauma center was performed between January 2013 and June 2019. The guideline established the appropriateness of repeat scans for patients with Glasgow Coma Scale >13 with clinical neurological deterioration or patients with Glasgow Coma Scale ≤13 and intracranial hemorrhagic lesion on initial head computed tomography (CT). Results Our trauma registry included 592 patients during the study period, 415 before implementation and 161 after implementation. A total of 132 patients met inclusion criteria, 116 pre-guideline and 16 post-guideline. The number of patients receiving repeat head CTs significantly decreased from 34.5% to 6.3% (P Conclusions CT head imaging is invaluable in the initial trauma evaluation of pediatric patients. However, it can be overused, and the radiation may lead to long-term deleterious effects. Establishing a head imaging guideline which limits use with clinical criteria can be effective in reducing radiation exposure without missing injuries.
Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) remineralization of artificial and natural dentin carious lesions evaluated by nanoindentation and microcomputed tomography.

Abstract Objectives The study evaluates the efficacy to remineralize artificial and natural dentin lesions through restorative dental procedures that include the Polymer-Induced Liquid Precursor (PILP) method comprising polyaspartic acid (pAsp). Methods Novel ionomeric cement compositions based on bioglass 45S5 and pAsp mixtures, as well as conditioning solutions (conditioner) containing 5 mg/mL pAsp, were developed and tested on demineralized dentin blocks (3−4 mm thick) on shallow and deep lesions with the thickness of 140 μm ± 50 and 700 μm ± 50, respectively. In the first treatment group, 20 μL of conditioner was applied to demineralized shallow (n = 3) and deep (n = 3) lesion specimens for 20 s before restoration with glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). For the PILP cement treatment group, cement was applied onto the wet surface of the demineralized specimen for both shallow (n = 3) and deep (n = 3) artificial lesions after the application of the conditioner and before the final restoration. Sample groups were compared to RMGIC restoration, for both shallow and deep lesions (n = 3 each) and treatments in PILP-solution (n = 3 for deep lesions) without restoration for 4 weeks. All of the restored specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 2 weeks and 4 weeks for shallow and deep lesions respectively to allow for remineralization. The artificial lesion specimens were evaluated for changes in the nanomechanical profile (E-modulus and hardness) using nanoindentation. Shallow lesions were analyzed by SEM under vacuum for changes in morphology caused by PILP treatments. Also, a pilot study on human third molars with moderate lesions in dentin (n = 3) was initiated to test the efficacy of treatments in natural lesions based on mineral densities using microcomputed tomography (μCT) at 0, 1, and 3 months. Results This study showed that functional remineralization of artificial lesions using PILP-releasing restoratives occurred, indicated by an increase of the elastic modulus in shallow lesions and in the middle zone of deep artificial lesions. The mechanical improvement was significant when compared to RMGIC restoration without pAsp (P Clinical significance/Conclusion These findings indicate the benefit of PILP applications in the functional repair of dentin caries and illustrate the challenge to integrate the PILP-method into a restorative approach in minimally invasive dental procedures.
The positive-passion hypothesis: Grandiose but not vulnerable narcissism relates to high-approach positive affect following provocation

Abstract Affect figures prominently in theories of narcissists' reaction to provocation, but because these theories focus on negative affects, high-approach positive affect has not been studied. Here, we posited the “positive-passion hypothesis,” which states grandiose- but not vulnerable-narcissistic individuals experience high-approach positive affect rather than negative affect when provoked, which can co-occur with aggressive behavior. In this study, participants simulated provocations that varied in extent. Regardless of provocation level, grandiose- and vulnerable-narcissistic individuals indicated greater aggression, and only vulnerable-narcissistic individuals indicated greater anticipated negative affect in the situation. Consistent with the positive-passion hypothesis, regardless of provocation level, grandiose-narcissistic individuals indicated greater anticipated high-approach positive affect (controlling for feelings of surprise and calmness) in the situation, but vulnerable-narcissistic individuals did not. The effects of the narcissism forms seemed determined by the type(s) of goals adopted in a provoking situation.
Lens dose to standing patients treated with electrons to the hand.

Abstract Patients receiving radiotherapy to the hand are sometimes treated standing, with their heads beside and potentially facing an electron applicator. This raises the possibility of consequential lens dose from scattered electrons, which this study investigates. This study measures the dose beside an applicator at a depth of 3 mm in a phantom as an estimate of lens dose for such patients. The lens dose is investigated as a function of height, distance, beam energy, applicator size, and cutout fill on a Varian Trilogy linear accelerator. The effect of the potential mitigation strategies of turning the head or shielding with lead sheets is also investigated. Measurement found that a typical hand setup may result in the lens receiving 0.15% of the treatment dose, which would deliver a cumulative dose above the demonstrated threshold dose for cataract risk for some courses. Large applicators and close facial proximity to the applicator separately enhance dose by factors of 3 and 5 respectively, raising the possibility of multiple gray to the lens for patients in unfavorable setups. Simple and effective mitigation strategies are available: Turning the patient's head to the side or placing 1–2 mm of lead on glasses reduced lens dose by a factor of 3–4, and covering the side of the applicator with 1 mm of lead or turning the head completely away effectively eliminated lens dose. The lens dose can be consequential but is readily mitigated.
The Princeton School and the Zero Lower Bound

In the early 2000s, a small group of economists at Princeton University revived the debate over liquidity traps and developed a framework for monetary policy at the zero lower bound. Paul Krugman’s 1998 Brookings paper provides the basic model that underlies much of the new view, but work by Ben Bernanke, Michael Woodford, Gauti Eggertsson, and Lars Svensson also played an important role in reshaping our view of stabilization policy at the zero bound. By the late 2010s, their ideas had begun to influence policy at the Federal Reserve. Research by Krugman and other Princeton School members provided the rationale for the Fed’s new policy of flexible average inflation targeting, which is the most important shift in the Fed’s policy regime in several decades. Comparing the Princeton School to other recent developments such as market monetarism and NeoFisherism helps to illuminate both sets of ideas.
The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Scribal Culture of Second Temple Judaism

The Samaritan Pentateuch (sp), along with its Qumran forebears, has deservedly been regarded as a key source of information for understanding the scribal culture of early Judaism. Yet studies have tended to emphasize the relative uniformity of the characteristic pre-sp readings as evidence of a scribal approach distinct within Second Temple Judaism. This article argues that both the uniformity and the distinctiveness of these readings have been overstated: there is more internal diversity within pre-sp than is usually recognized, and similar or identical readings are also preserved in other manuscript traditions. Rather than representing a distinctive scribal approach or school, the readings of pre-sp are better taken as a particularly concentrated example of scribal attitudes and techniques that appear to have been widespread in early Judaism.
Economics of Transporting Poultry Litter from Northwest Arkansas to Eastern Arkansas Croplands

Applying baled litter from northwest Arkansas shipped by truck with backhauls, supplemented with chemical fertilizers provided the most cost-efficient method to supply nutrients to crops in eastern Arkansas, according to a GAMS optimization. Shipping raw litter by truck and barge is the optimal choice when backhauls or baling is unavailable.
The Anxiety of Influence: The Evolving Regulation of Lobbying

Lobbying has long been a source of anxiety. As early as the mid-nineteenth century courts expressed concern about the “designing and corrupt men” who sought to wield “secret influence.” Lobbying is a multi-billion dollar business today, but the association of “lobbying” with improper influence is so strong that the American League of Lobbyists – the lobbyists’ trade association – recently renamed itself to drop the word “lobbyist.” Yet, courts have also long recognized that people have a legitimate interest in being able to influence government action, and that they may need to be able to hire agents to help them, and since the 1950s the Supreme Court has recognized that lobbying consists of rights protected by the First Amendment. The law of lobbying has been structured by these two competing visions of lobbying, as it strives to hold together the differing and conflicting goals of protecting constitutional rights of speech and petition; controlling unfair and improper means of influencing government action; and promoting transparency of lobbying’s role in the political process.This article examines the legal framework for the regulation of lobbying. It explores the values shaping lobbying regulation, the regulatory techniques, and the evolving judicial treatment of lobbying. It then addresses the principal issues on today’s regulatory agenda, particularly the interplay of lobbying with campaign finance and the application of lobbying laws to grassroots activities intended to influence government action.
A high-performance all-inkjetted organic transistor technology

We report on the highest performance all-printed transistors reported to date. Using nanoparticle-based printed contact, polymer dielectrics, and a printed soluble pentacene precursor semiconductor, we demonstrate all-inkjetted devices with mobilities >0.1cm/sup 2//V-s and on-off ratios as high as 10/sup 4/. The performance of these devices is comparable to control devices fabricated on silicon-substrates, and thus, these devices represent a significant step towards the realization of low-cost printed electronics.
Maptool - Supporting Modular Syntax Development

In building textual translators, implementors often distinguish between a concrete syntax and an abstract syntax. The concrete syntax describes the phrase structure of the input language and the abstract syntax describes a tree structure that can be used as the basis for performing semantic computations. Having two grammars imposes the requirement that there exist a mapping from the concrete syntax to the abstract syntax. The research presented in this paper led to a tool, called Maptool, that is designed to simplify the development of the two grammars. Maptool supports a modular approach to syntax development that mirrors the modularity found in semantic computations. This is done by allowing users to specify each of the syntaxes only partially as long as the sum of the fragments allows deduction of the complete syntaxes.
Software Fault Tolerance Forestalls Crashes: To Err Is Human; To Forgive Is Fault Tolerant

Abstract Software Fault Tolerance prevents ever-present defects in the software from hanging or crashing a system. The problem of preventing latent software faults from becoming system failures is the subject of this chapter. Software architectures, design techniques, static checks, dynamic tests, special libraries, and run-time routines help software engineers create fault tolerant software. The nature of software execution is chaotic because there are few ways to find singularities, and even those are rarely practiced. This leads to complex and untrustworthy software products. The study of software fault tolerance starts with the goal of making software products available to users in the face of software errors. Availability is a mathematical concept; it is the Mean Time-To-Failure divided by the Mean Time-To-Failure plus the Mean Time-To-Repair. The idea is to make the Mean Time-To-Failure as large as possible and the Mean Time-To-Repair as small as possible. Continuing with Reliability Theory we can express the Mean Time-To-Failure as the reciprocal of the failure rate. Assuming an exponential reliability model the failure rate is the expected value of the reliability of the system. This chapter shows how these quantitative concepts can be used to make software engineering tradeoffs. First, there is a historical perspective on, and problems with, the study of software fault tolerance. Then new approaches are presented with a theme of making it possible to trade-off software execution time, complexity, staff effort, and the effectives of the staff to achieve desired system availability.
Cytochemical Localization of Certain Phosphatases in Escherichia coli

Cytochemical studies of Escherichia coli at the light and electron microscopic levels have revealed alkaline phosphatase, hexose monophosphatase, and cyclic phosphodiesterase reaction products in the periplasmic space and at the cell surface. In preparations for both light and electron microscopy, reaction product filled polar caplike enlargements of the periplasmic space, such as those described in plasmolyzed cells, indicating significant terminal concentrations of these enzymes; dense substance was often seen within these polar caps in morphological specimens. Staining of the bacterial surface was commonly encountered, but could represent artifactual accumulation of precipitate along the cell wall. Alkaline phosphatase was demonstrated with several substrates (ethanolamine phosphate, glycerophosphate, p-nitrophenylphosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate) over a wide pH range in a bacterial strain (C-90) known to be constitutive for this enzyme, whereas strains deficient in this enzyme (U-7, repressed K-37), showed no activity with these substrates. Hexose monophosphatase and cyclic phosphodiesterase activities were characterized by reaction-product deposition with specific substrates at acid or neutral, but not at alkaline, pH in strains of E. coli lacking alkaline phosphatase (U-7 and repressed K-37). Fixation in Formalin or the use of calcium as a capture reagent seemed to interfere with periplasmic staining in cells prepared for electron microscopy. Formalin fixation had little effect on biochemical assays of the phosphatase activity of intact cells in suspension, but partially reduced the activity evident in sonically treated extracts or in suspensions of dispersed cryostat sections. Glutaraldehyde treatment impaired enzyme activity more drastically.