cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exposure of natural rubber to personal lubricants--swelling and stress relaxation as potential indicators of reduced seal integrity of non-lubricated male condoms.

Abstract Background Male condoms act as mechanical barriers to prevent passage of body fluids. For effective use of condoms the mechanical seal is also expected to remain intact under reasonable use conditions, including with personal lubricants. Absorption of low molecular weight lubricant components into the material of male condoms may initiate material changes leading to swelling and stress relaxation of the polymer network chains that could affect performance of the sealing function of the device. Swelling indicates both a rubber-solvent interaction and stress relaxation, the latter of which may indicate and/or result in a reduced seal pressure in the current context. Methods Swelling and stress relaxation of natural rubber latex condoms were assessed in a laboratory model in the presence of silicone-, glycol-, and water-based lubricants. Results Within 15 minutes, significant swelling (≥ 6 %) and stress reduction (≥ 12 %) of condoms were observed with 2 out of 4 silicone-based lubricants tested, but neither was observed with glycol- or water-based lubricants tested. Under a given strain, reduction in stress was prominent during the swelling processes, but not after the process was complete. Conclusions Lubricant induced swelling and stress relaxation may loosen the circumferential stress responsible for the mechanical seal. Swelling and stress relaxation behavior of latex condoms in the presence of personal lubricants may be useful tests to identify lubricant-rooted changes in condom-materials. Implication For non-lubricated latex condoms, material characteristics – which are relevant to failure – may change in the presence of a few silicone-based personal lubricants. These changes may in turn induce a loss of condom seal during use, specifically at low strain conditions.
Wavelength Allocation Strategies in Optically Switched Networks for Avionics

In this paper, an architecture for an optically-switched avionics network is presented. The performance of this architecture was analyzed using simulative experiments for two wavelength allocation strategies. Additionally, the effects of varying the timeslot period and maximum number of consecutively allotted timeslots were analyzed. Results showed slightly lower packet latencies with a fixed-destination wavelength protocol. Larger timeslot periods, up to 1,000 ns, also improved performance, although further increases would not be beneficial. The optimal parameters for any platform will always depend upon the nature of the network traffic. Our modeling tools and approach allow us to evaluate such design decisions for a wide range of network scenarios
Visual servoing: path interpolation by homography decomposition

In order to successfully perform visual servoing of robot manipulators the control algorithm must account for the physical limitations of the manipulator. These constraints define the robot workspace boundary. Any visual servoing control algorithm must avoid this boundary if stability of motion is to be ensured. In the paper, a method is developed by which a desired object path can be interpolated between two arbitrary object poses based on image feature extraction. This path is defined to be a continuous change in object pose between the initial and final desired poses which avoids the workspace boundary. The development of this method involves the parameterization of the 2-D displacement transformation or homography. By decomposing this homography a set of object path poses can be interpolated in either the image plane or reconstructed in the 3-D workspace. Implementation of a visual servoing procedure confirms the validity of the interpolated path with respect to workspace boundary avoidance.
Influence of primary care use on population delivery of colorectal cancer screening.

Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is commonly initiated during primary care visits. Thus, at the population level, limited primary care attendance may constitute a substantial barrier to CRC screening uptake. Within a defined population, we quantified the percent of CRC screening underuse that is potentially explained by low use of primary care visits. Methods: Among 48,712 adults ages 50 to 78 years eligible for CRC screening within a Washington state health plan, we estimated the degree to which a lack of CRC screening in 2002 to 2003 (fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy) was attributable to low primary care use, expressed as the population attributable risk percent (PAR%) associated with 0 to 3 primary care visits during the 2-year period. Results: In analyses adjusted for age, comorbidity, nonprimary care visit use, and prior preventive service use, low primary care use in 2002 to 2003 was strongly associated with a lack of CRC screening among both women and men. However, a majority of unscreened women and men had ≥4 primary care visits. Thus, whether low primary care use was defined as 0, 0 to 1, 0 to 2, or 0 to 3 primary care visits, the PAR% associated with low primary care use was large in neither women (range, 3.0-6.8%) nor men (range: 5.6-11.5%). Conclusions: Health plan outreach efforts to encourage primary care attendance would be unlikely to substantially increase population uptake of CRC screening. In similar settings, resources might be more fruitfully devoted to the optimization of screening delivery during primary care visits that patients already attend. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):640–5)
Can Hyperplastic Prostate Follow Uterine Fibroids and Be Managed with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization

Sun et al used pigs to evaluate transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) as a potential treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although more data regarding the effectiveness, durability, and side effects of TAE are needed, it may prove to be competitive with other accepted forms of treatment.
Real time simulation of fax transmission on the transparent GSM data service

The real-time GSM fax simulation system models the operation of a mobile to fixed call using the GSM transparent fax service as defined in GSM 03.45. This paper describes the architecture of the simulation system, and presents the results of tests undertaken using the system.
A Family of Affiliation Indices for Two-Mode Networks*

An affiliation network consists of actors and events. Actors are affiliated with each other by virtue of the events they mutually attend. This article introduces a family of affiliation measures that captures the extent of actors‘ affiliations in the network. At one extreme, one might have an actor who attended many events, but none of these events were attended by any of the other actors in the network. Although of high degree, in no reasonable interpretation would such an actor be considered highly affiliated with other actors in the network. At the other extreme, one might have an actor defined by a collection of events, all of which were attended by another actor(s), making the actor as enmeshed in the network as possible. Most actors will be between these extremes, with some events being shared by varying others, and some not. This article introduces a family of affiliation measures based on the entries of the co-occurrence matrix. After defining the measures, the cumulative distribution function of first-order affiliation is derived and expressed as a difference of binomials.
Minimally invasive esophagectomy in a patient with end-stage renal disease

Renal failure has been identified as a major predictor of surgical complications and esophagectomy carries high morbidity for patients. We discuss the preoperative and postoperative considerations for performing a minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for a benign long-segment stricture in a patient with end-stage renal failure.
Graphene-Templated Synthesis of Magnetic Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposites for Selective Enrichment of Biomolecules.

Successful control of homogeneous and complete coating of graphene or graphene-based composites with well-defined metal organic framework (MOF) layers is a great challenge. Herein, novel magnetic graphene MOF composites were constructed via a simple strategy for self-assembly of well-distributed, dense, and highly porous MOFs on both sides of graphene nanosheets. Graphene functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles and carboxylic groups on both sides was explored as the backbone and template to direct the controllable self-assembly of MOFs. The prepared composite materials have a relatively high specific surface area (345.4 m2 g–1), and their average pore size is measured to be 3.2 nm. Their relatively high saturation magnetization (23.8 emu g–1) indicates their strong magnetism at room temperature. Moreover, the multifunctional composite was demonstrated to be a highly effective affinity material in selective extraction and separation of low-concentration biomolecules from biological samples, in virtue of...
Grey Correlative Degree Analysis on Factors of Small & Medium-sized Enterprise Marketing Mix

This paper analyzed systematically the external environmental factors that had an impact on small medium-sized enterprise marketing mix decision-making,factors of enterprise strategic objective and its organization plan,factors of consumer purchasing decision and purchasing action,and internal factors of enterprise marketing mix decision-making.The paper also made an analysis on grey system characteristics of enterprise marketing mix decision-making system that information was partial known and partial ambiguous or unknown.Using grey system theory(GST) and the original annual financial data of an enterprise,this paper computed the grey correlative degrees of the factors of enterprise budgets and marketing mix effectiveness.The paper also ranked these factors,and presents the quantitative results and significance of marketing mix effect caused by different budget factors.
APPLICATION OF BASIN MODELING TO THE STUDY OF HONGZE SAG IN NORTHERN JIANGSU BASIN

The Hongze sag is located in the northwest of the northern Jiangsu Basin, with some potential for hydrocarbon exploration. Based on the results of basin modeling, it can be concluded as following: a) most of source rocks are low matured and the matured source rocks are only restricted in the deep part of the sag; b) large scale of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation is occurred after sedimentation of Yancheng formation, but a lot of low or nonmatured oil were generated before Wubao and Sanduo movements; c) the deep part of the sag is the main area for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation; and d) distance of oil migration is short. In a word, the Hongze sag is characterized by low matured source rocks, short migration, and limited accumulation. It is necessary to pay more attention to the study of the sag for the sake of success of petroleum exploration in the area.
Obstructive Uropathy in the Newborn

Ureteropelvic obstruction, posterior urethral valves, and ureteroceles constitute the three common causes of obstructive uropathy in the newborn. Their pathogenesis and management is described.
Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Traditional CVD risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, are highly prevalent in CKD and associated with the two primary complications of CKD namely progression of CKD and development of CVD. Patients with CKD are also exposed to non-traditional risk factors such as oxidative stress, protein-energy wasting, inflammation, anemia, fluid overload and disorders of mineral metabolism which increase the risk of CVD. Trials addressing risk factor modification and CVD treatment in CKD are unfortunately limited and many of the recommendations are extrapolated from data in the general population. In this chapter we discuss the epidemiology and management recommendations of several CVD risk factors. We also briefly discuss the epidemiology and management of both coronary artery disease and heart failure in CKD.
African-American Children at Church: Other Contexts for Socialization and Participation

As discussed in chapter 1, in addition to Sunday School, children participated with adults in a wide variety of emotionally compelling weekly, monthly, and yearly events at First Baptist Church. Similar to Sunday School, in these contexts, the importance of applying biblical concepts to modern life was highlighted through story, song, and prayer. As discussed in chapter 3, these multiple contexts of observation allow for a more complete account of adults' socialization practices and children's participation. These observations contextualized Sunday School within the larger community and suggest the unique, as well as the redundant, socialization functions of Sunday School. They also provided critical checks on interpretations of practices observed in Sunday School and beliefs articulated during interviews. KEY WEEKLY EVENTS: THE CHILDREN'S STORY During one Sunday School lesson, Sister Justine asked the children in the junior class why they attended church. Amanda stated that she comes to church because her grandfather, who was an associate reverend, sometimes told children's stories. The others quickly agreed that children's stories were an important reason to attend church. Children's stories, also referred to as “Children's Sermons,” occurred midway through the Sunday morning worship service. Pastor Daniels, or the associate reverend, invited children aged 10 and under to come down to the front and center of the sanctuary. As the congregation sang “Jesus Loves Me,” the children gathered in a circle around the teller. During the children's stories, the teller drew a parallel between African or African-American culture and history, and biblical concepts.
Role of Cilia and Left-Right Patterning in Congenital Heart Disease

A central role for cilia in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease was uncovered by our large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen for mutations causing congenital heart disease. This is supported by human clinical studies, which showed a high prevalence of ciliary dysfunction and respiratory symptoms and disease in patients with congenital heart disease. Our mouse studies indicate this involves essential roles for both primary and motile cilia in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. As laterality defects were also observed with high prevalence among the congenital heart disease mutants, this further suggested an important role for left-right patterning in the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. This finding is reminiscent of the high prevalence of heterotaxy among human fetuses with congenital heart disease, indicating the fetal mouse screen may provide a window into the unborn human fetal population. Clinically, congenital heart disease patients with ciliary dysfunction were found to have more respiratory symptoms and disease, a finding with significant clinical implications, as congenital heart disease patients undergoing surgical palliation often have respiratory complications with high morbidity. While this is usually attributed to the heart disease, we propose this may involve intrinsic airway clearance deficits from ciliary dysfunction. Thus the presurgical screening of congenital heart disease patients for respiratory ciliary dysfunction may provide opportunities to provide perioperative pulmonary therapy to enhance airway clearance for at-risk patients. Such change in the standard of care may improve outcome, especially for those congenital heart disease patients who must endure multiple rounds of cardiac surgeries.
Dorsal versus lateral plate fixation of finger proximal phalangeal fractures: a retrospective study

Unstable proximal phalanx fractures are relatively common injuries but consensus of standard treatment is lacking. Outcomes following plate fixation are highly variable, and it remains unclear which factors are predictive for poorer results. The purpose of this study was to compare dorsal and lateral plate fixation of finger proximal phalangeal fractures with regard to factors that influence the outcome. A retrospective chart review of proximal phalanx fractures treated with dorsal and lateral plating over a 6-year study interval was performed. Demographic data and injury-specific factors were obtained from review of clinic and therapy notes of 42 patients. Fractures were classified based on the OTA classification using preoperative radiographs. Outcomes investigated included final range of motion (ROM) and total active motion (TAM) of all finger joints. Complications and revision surgeries were also analyzed. Fracture comminution, dorsal and a lateral plate position, occupational therapy, and demographic factors did not significantly influence the outcome, complication, and revision rate after plate fixation of finger proximal phalangeal fractures. Based on the results of this study, no differences in the outcome of finger proximal phalangeal fractures treated by both dorsal and lateral plate fixation were observed. Therapeutic, retrospective comparative, level III.
Kilba equational sentences

Kilba, a Chadic language of Gongola State, Nigeria, has a number of enclitic particles which one can reasonably argue function as copulas in equational sentences. Li and Thompson [1977] have described a widespread phenomenon in language history whereby anaphoric elements become copulas. The copular particles of Kilba present a particularly interesting case of this phenomenon in that, first, proximal/distal distinctions of the demonstratives from which the copulas derive have shifted to tense distinctions in equational sentences, and second, the original pronominal and the innovative copular functions are not clearly separable, creating functional ambiguity.
Optimal pacing and carbohydrate intake strategies for ultramarathons

The purpose of this research is to determine the pacing and nutrition strategies which minimize completion time and carbohydrate intake for athletes competing in ultramarathon races. We present the formulation of a two-phase optimization model. The first-phase mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) determines the minimum completion time subject to the altitude, terrain, and distance of the race, as well as the mass and cardiovascular fitness of the athlete. The second-phase MINLP determines the minimum carbohydrate intake required for the athlete to achieve the completion time prescribed by the first-phase subject to the flow of carbohydrates through the stomach, liver, and muscles. Consequently, the second-phase model provides the optimal pacing and nutrition strategies for a particular athlete for each kilometer of a particular race. We validate model results for a wide range of athlete parameters by comparing completion times to those reported for two case-study events. We also compare the kilometer-by-kilometer pacing and nutrition strategies prescribed by the model to those of a particular athlete. In all cases, the model results closely match those witnessed in the actual events. We have developed a baseline metabolic model that provides athletes prescriptive guidance regarding optimal pacing and carbohydrate intake strategies prior to competing in ultramarathon races. Given the highly variable topographical characteristics common to many ultramarathon courses and the potential inexperience of many athletes with such courses, our model provides valuable insight to competitors who might otherwise fail to complete the event due to exhaustion or carbohydrate depletion.
Maintaining the Myth: How Tennessee Perpetuates Deficit Thinking about Recipients of Government-Sponsored Health Care

Deficit ideology about people who are poor permeates a plethora of social programs. Our research demonstrates how the state of Tennessee uses the Internet, legislation, law enforcement, the crimina...
Structure of Ultrathin Native Oxides on III-Nitride Surfaces.

When pristine material surfaces are exposed to air, highly reactive broken bonds can promote the formation of surface oxides with structures and properties differing greatly from bulk. Determination of the oxide structure is often elusive through the use of indirect diffraction methods or techniques that probe only the outermost layer. As a result, surface oxides forming on widely used materials, such as group III-nitrides, have not been unambiguously resolved, even though critical properties can depend sensitively on their presence. In this study, aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals directly, and with depth dependence, the structure of ultrathin native oxides that form on AlN and GaN surfaces. Through atomic resolution imaging and spectroscopy, we show that the oxide layers are comprised of tetrahedra–octahedra cation–oxygen units, in an arrangement similar to bulk θ-Al2O3 and β-Ga2O3. By applying density functional theory, we show that the observed structures are more ...
Contrasting Implementation Experiences

The experiences with floodplain regulation, dam safety, earthquake preparedness, and crisis relocation planning reflect two different kinds of variability in implementation experiences. First, there are the commonalities and differences among different modes of shared governance. Each of the programs we have considered involves active federal governance in that the federal government is not just a source of funds. For each program there is significant sharing of responsibilities which vary in form according to the mode of shared governance. Second, when considering the intergovernmental implementation experiences among different states we also find commonalities and differences in program implementation. For any particular program, the federal approach to dealing with subnational governments is fairly uniform. However, we have seen that the state-level reactions to federal initiatives and resultant emergency preparedness efforts were often quite different.
Permeation and Separation Characteristics of Inorganic Membranes in Liquid Phase Applications

The principle of separation using microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) is based on the concept of size exclusion or sieving. The transport through porous inorganic membrane barriers occurs through the inter- granular spaces (and not through the granular particles themselves) within the top membrane layer, porous sublayers (in the case of asymmetric membrane structure) and the porous support structure (Hsieh 1988, Hsieh, Bhave and Fleming 1988). In contrast, the transport across polymeric membrane structures occurs through the continuous network of openings (i.e. the actual pores) from one face to the other. In practice, however, neither of these idealized pore structure is useful to completely predict or interpret the observed filtration performance. This is due to the occurrence of secondary phenomena such as interaction of solute or solvent with the membrane material and concentration polarization.
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition and the Chesapeake Bay Estuary

In this report we examine anthropogenic sources of nitrogen to the Chesapeake Bay to determine the relative contribution of atmospheric deposition. Previous analyses have generally failed to account for dry deposition and have also ignored the portion of riverine nitrogen loadings attributable to atmospheric sources. Two methods, based on different assumptions about ecosystem retention of nitrogen, are used to calculate loadings to the Bay. Our base case estimate indicates that approximately 25% of the anthropogenic nitrogen loading to the Bay originates as atmospheric nitrate deposition, which arises almost entirely from anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides. A sensitivity analysis was also performed indicating a range of 20% to 30%forthe contribution of atmospheric nitrate. Atmospheric ammonium deposition contributes another 14% of the total. We conclude that atmospheric sources of nitrogen, particularly nitrogen oxides emissions, should be considered in management strategies aimed at reducing nitrogen loading of coastal waters.
Meeting the Educational Needs of Children with Disabilities: A Collaborative Management Approach

An increasing number of children with physical and health disabilities who may also be technology dependent are being served in public school programs. Physicians and other health professionals can assist state educational agencies in identifying these children and providing important information essential for development of comprehensive, individualized educational and health care plans. This article reviews federal educational policies and procedures for children with disabilities and provides strategies for improving collaboration between educators and health practitioners.
A Further Result on Semi-global Stabilization of Minimum-Phase Input–Output Linearizable Nonlinear Systems by Linear Partial State Feedback

It has been established that a globally asymptotically stable nonlinear system cascaded by a controllable linear system through its output can be semi-globally asymptotically stabilized by linear feedback of the state of the linear subsystem as long as the linear system is right invertible and has all its invariant zeros located on the closed left-half plane. In particular, a globally asymptotically stable nonlinear system cascaded by a chain of integrator through the state of any one integrator or the control input is semi-globally asymptotically stabilizable by linear feedback of the states of the integrators. In this note, we show that the restriction on the interconnection between the linear and nonlinear subsystems can be further relaxed. For example, a globally asymptotically stable nonlinear system cascaded by a chain of integrator can still be semi-globally stabilized even when the cascade is through the states of two consecutive integrators, with the input regarded as an additional state following the last integrator.
Factors Impacting the Real World Use of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) for Newly Diagnosed Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL)

Introduction Upfront consolidative autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) may improve outcomes in newly diagnosed peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) patients (pts), but its use in real world is not well estimated. The aim of this population-based study was to evaluate the real world use of ASCT in PTCL and factors impacting its use. Patients Using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), we identified 11,059 pts aged ³18 years with newly diagnosed PTCL treated from 2004-2014 with multiagent chemo with or without consolidative ASCT. The PTCL subtypes were identified using the ICD-O-3 codes 9702 (mature T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified, n=4814), 9705 (angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma, n=1843), 9714 (anaplastic T cell lymphoma; alk positive and negative, n=3363), 9716 (hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma, n=132), 9717 (intestinal T cell lymphoma, n=163), and 9719 (NK/T cell lymphoma, n=744). Logistic regression model was used to associate factors with ASCT use. Results Of the 11059 pts, 98% received multiagent chemotherapy alone and 2% underwent ASCT. Median age was 60 years (range 18 to 90). Majority were older ³60 years (52%), male (61%), White (72%), had stage III-IV disease (71%) and lower Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score 0-1 (94%). 59% of pts were diagnosed in year 2009 or later and 40% were treated at an academic center. Median distance to treatment facility was 9.4 miles. Most pts had private insurance (43%), followed by Medicare (38%), Medicaid (9%) and 6% was uninsured. The annual household income was ³$48,000 in 58%. Median follow up was 1.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 0-12.9). On univariate analysis, age ²60 years, treatment at an academic facility, ²9.4 miles to facility, private insurance, diagnosis year ³2009, higher education and income were associated with higher ASCT use. Black race had significantly lower probability of undergoing transplant (p=0.01). On multivariate analysis, treatment at an academic center (p= Conclusion Upfront ASCT is rarely used to treat newly diagnosed PTCL in real world. Higher socioeconomic status, facility type and distance to facility impacted transplant use.
An integrated feature learning approach using deep learning for travel time prediction

Abstract Travel time data is a vital factor for numbers of performance measures in transportation systems. Travel time prediction is both a challenging and interesting problem in ITS, because of the underlying traffic and events’ hidden patterns. In this study, we propose a multi-step deep-learning-based algorithm for predicting travel time. Our algorithm starts with data pre-processing. Then, the data is augmented by incorporating external datasets. Moreover, extensive feature learning and engineering such as spatiotemporal feature analysis, feature extraction, and clustering algorithms is applied to improve the feature space. Furthermore, for representing features we used a deep stacked autoencoder with dropout layer as regularizer. Finally, a deep multi-layer perceptron is trained to predict travel times. For testing our predictive accuracy, we used a 5-fold cross validation to test the generalization of our predictive model. As we observed, the performance of the proposed algorithm is on average 4 min better than applying the deep neural network to the initial feature space. Furthermore, we have noticed that representation learning using stacked autoencoders makes our learner robust to overfitting. Moreover, our algorithm is capable of capturing the general dynamics of the traffic, however further works need to be done for some rare events which impact travel time prediction significantly.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent-active triazole-gold complexes

Fluorescence active fused-triazole was developed as a ligand in gold(I) cation coordination. The coordination ability was evaluated using NMR and fluorescence emission. Our previously reported N-2-aryl-triazoles, though gave good emission, could not form stable complexes with gold cations. A new N-fused-triazole (NFT) derivative was prepared and the ligand indicated good fluorescence emission, and formed strong coordination with gold cations. Both ligand and complex were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Fluorescence properties of various gold complexes (with different primary ligands) were evaluated, which suggested the feasibility of using fluorescence emission as potential tools for future mechanistic investigation.
Effects of Hypoxia in Developing Swine

Hypoxia is a complication which frequently occurs in human infants who have experienced perinatal stress. Although cardiovascular (CV) responses to hypoxia are well documented in both the fetus and adult, there is limited information about the postnatal maturation of regional circulatory responses to hypoxia, still less on the sympathetic rhythm generating systems (SRGS), as monitored by recordings of spontaneous efferent sympathetic (SAMP) activity. On the other hand, the effects of hypoxia on the developing respiratory rhythm generator (RRG) have been well documented in many species (cf. Gootman et al., 1989; Steele, 1986). In our previous studies, maturation- related responses to other stresses, i.e., hemorrhage and hypercapnia, were observed in swine (Buckley et al., 1984; Gootman et al., 1985; Reddy et al., 1974). This animal model is less mature at birth than lambs and guinea pigs, and more mature at birth than puppies, rats, and kittens (N.M. Buckley, 1983, 1986; Gootman, 1983). This paper summarizes our studies on the effects of two degrees of hypoxia on four different regional circulations and on efferent SYMP and phrenic activity in swine from birth to 2 months of age.
How to Diagnose Biceps Tendon Pathology

The long head of the biceps tendon is well understood at the elbow but remains somewhat of a mystery in the shoulder. While the distal biceps tendon functions primarily as a forearm supinator and to a lesser extent an elbow flexor, the exact function of the long head of the biceps at the shoulder has not been completely elucidated. However, biceps tendon pathology is common both at the shoulder and elbow. There are many different pathologies that can affect the proximal and distal aspects of the biceps including tendonitis, instability, and rupture. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the evaluation and diagnosis of biceps tendon pathology, both at the proximal and distal end. It will cover history as well as physical exam maneuvers to aid the orthopedic surgeon in reaching the correct diagnosis. Anatomy and function as well as imaging of the biceps tendon are covered in the preceding and following chapters, respectively.
Efficient Assessment of the Whole Social–Emotional Child: Using Parents to Rate SEL Competencies and Concurrent Emotional Behavior Concerns

Parents play a major role in children’s development and have unique opportunities to observe a wide range of their children’s social–emotional behavior at home and in their communities. Yet parents’ input via universal screening assessments into school-based social–emotional learning (SEL) programs for their children has been limited by a paucity of efficient, valid assessments of CASEL-aligned SEL competencies and potentially co-occurring emotional behavior concerns. This article describes the use of item response theory methods to develop brief emotional behavior concerns (EBC) scales designed to expand the Parent version of the CASEL-aligned SSIS SEL Brief Scales (SSIS SELb) that enables a sound assessment of the whole social–emotional child. Specifically, the article examines the initial psychometrics and utility of EBC-Externalizing and EBC-Internalizing scales for parents. The results showed the assessment of SEL skills and EBC behaviors to maximize efficiency and yield scores that provide valid insights regarding the interplay of these behavior constructs. The Parent version of the SSIS SEL Brief + Mental Health Scales expands assessment options for practitioners to allow efficient incorporation of parent perspectives about the whole social–emotional child. The article concludes with a discussion of limitations and future research.
An acquired acyltransferase promotes Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 respiratory infection.

Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 is a human pathogen associated with poor outcomes worldwide. We identify a member of the acyltransferase superfamily 3 (atf3), enriched within the ST258 clade, that provides a major competitive advantage for the proliferation of these organisms in vivo. Comparison of a wild-type ST258 strain (KP35) and a Δatf3 isogenic mutant generated by CRISPR-Cas9 targeting reveals greater NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase transcription and ATP generation, fueled by increased glycolysis. The acquisition of atf3 induces changes in the bacterial acetylome, promoting lysine acetylation of multiple proteins involved in central metabolism, specifically Zwf (glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase). The atf3-mediated metabolic boost leads to greater consumption of glucose in the host airway and increased bacterial burden in the lung, independent of cytokine levels and immune cell recruitment. Acquisition of this acyltransferase enhances fitness of a K. pneumoniae ST258 isolate and may contribute to the success of this clonal complex as a healthcare-associated pathogen.
The Role of Intermittent Fasting in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting ~2% of the population over age 70. Disease prevalence increases with age and, given the aging population, may triple in the next few years (1). The neurodegenerative mechanism leading to PD is still not completely elucidated. Alpha-synuclein may drive the neurodegenerative process of PD. When aggregated in neurons as intracellular Lewy bodies, it constitutes the pathologic hallmark of PD (2). On the other hand, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and selective neuronal loss each contribute to PD pathology (3). Unfortunately, there remains no disease-modifying treatment in PD despite multiple trials of promising preclinical targets. Supplements and dietary interventions have been periodically considered as possible therapeutic approaches to impact disease progression and severity in related neurodegenerative disorders (3). One such intervention is intermittent fasting (IF). This viewpoint seeks to describe the putative pathophysiologic relationships among mitochondria, alpha-synuclein and PD risk genes and to provide a background for the rationale or the use of IF and similar mitochondrial-targeting therapies in PD. Finally, we propose an outline for determining the efficacy of an IF intervention in PD.
BundleTrack: 6D Pose Tracking for Novel Objects without Instance or Category-Level 3D Models

Tracking the 6D pose of objects in video sequences is important for robot manipulation. Most prior efforts, however, often assume that the target object's CAD model, at least at a category-level, is available for offline training or during online template matching. This work proposes BundleTrack, a general framework for 6D pose tracking of novel objects, which does not depend upon 3D models, either at the instance or category-level. It leverages the complementary attributes of recent advances in deep learning for segmentation and robust feature extraction, as well as memory-augmented pose graph optimization for spatiotemporal consistency. This enables long-term, low-drift tracking under various challenging scenarios, including significant occlusions and object motions. Comprehensive experiments given two public benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms state-of-art, category-level 6D tracking or dynamic SLAM methods. When compared against state-of-art methods that rely on an object instance CAD model, comparable performance is achieved, despite the proposed method's reduced information requirements. An efficient implementation in CUDA provides a real-time performance of 10Hz for the entire framework. Code is available at: this https URL
On the impact of temperatures up to 200 °C in clay repositories with bentonite engineer barrier systems: A study with coupled thermal, hydrological, chemical, and mechanical modeling

Abstract One of the most important design variables for a geological nuclear waste repository is the temperature limit up to which the engineered barrier system (EBS) and the natural geologic environment can be exposed. Up to now, almost all design concepts that involve bentonite-backfilled emplacement tunnels have chosen a maximum allowable temperature of about 100 °C. Such a choice is largely based on the consideration that in clay-based materials illitization and the associated mechanical changes in the bentonite (and perhaps the clay host rock) could affect the barrier attributes of the EBS. However, existing experimental and modeling studies on the occurrence of illitization and related performance impacts are not conclusive, in part because the relevant couplings between the thermal, hydrological, chemical, and mechanical (THMC) processes have not been fully represented in the models. This paper presents a fully coupled THMC simulation of a nuclear waste repository in a clay formation with a bentonite-backfilled EBS for 1000 years. Two scenarios were simulated for comparison: a case in which the temperature in the bentonite near the waste canister can reach about 200 °C and a case in which the temperature in the bentonite near the waste canister peaks at about 100 °C. The model simulations demonstrate some degree of illitization in both the bentonite buffer and the surrounding clay formation. Other chemical alterations include the dissolution of K-feldspar and calcite, and precipitation of quartz, chlorite, and kaolinite. In general, illitization in the bentonite and the clay formation is enhanced at higher temperature. However, the quantity of illitization is affected by many chemical factors and therefore varies a great deal. The most important chemical factors are the concentration of K in the pore water as well as the abundance and dissolution rate of K-feldspar; less important ones are the concentration of sodium and the quartz precipitation rate. In our modeling scenarios, the calculated decrease in smectite volume fraction in bentonite ranges from 1 to 8% of the initial volume fraction of smectite in the 100 °C scenario and 1–27% in the 200 °C scenario. Chemical changes in the 200 °C scenario could also lead to a reduction in swelling stress up to 15–18% whereas those in the 100 °C scenario result in about 14–15% reduction in swelling stress for the base case scenario. Model results also show that the 200 °C scenario results in a much higher total stress than the 100 °C scenario, mostly due to thermal pressurization. While cautions should be taken regarding the model results due to some limitations in the models, the modeling work is illustrative in light of the relative importance of different processes occurring in EBS bentonite and clay formation at higher than 100 °C conditions, and could be of greater use when site specific data are available.
Multi-peripheralism in K+p → Λpp and K+p → ΛK+K+ at 7.3 GeV/c

Data are presented for the reactions K+p → Λpp and K+p → ΛK+K+ at 7.3 GeV/c. A satisfactory parameterization of these processes is obtained using the double-Regge phenomenology. The data are also compared with predictions of a spin-independent, generalized Veneziano model.
CAUSAL DOMAIN OF MINKOWSKI-SPACETIME TANGENT BUNDLE

The geometry of the causal domain of the spacetime tangent bundle is examined for Finslerian quantum fields in Minkowski spacetime. The Planck-scale structure of the boundary of the causal domain is elaborated. The geometry indicates that at the Planck scale, causal connectivity of Finslerian quantum fields may occur between spacelike separated points, and also at larger scales for extremely large relative four-velocities.
Plasma membrane internalization and recycling in rabbit lacrimal acinar cells.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine internalization and recycling of plasma membrane constituents in lacrimal gland acinar cells. Methods. Acinar cells were isolated from rabbit lacrimal glands. Surface-expressed reactive groups were biotinylated at 4°C with sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-biotin. Incorporated biotin was then labeled with avidin-horseradish peroxidase complex for light microscopy, with avidinlucifer yellow conjugate for fluorescence microscopy, and quantitative fluorometry, and with avidin-ferritin conjugate for electron microscopy. Results. At 4°C labels remained at the surfaces of intact cells. Surface avidin-lucifer yellow decreased markedly, giving way to punctate cytoplasmic labeling, on warming to 37°C. Electron microscopy of cells warmed after labeling with avidin-ferritin revealed ferritin in smooth vesicles underlying the plasma membranes, in vesicles adjacent to Golgi membranes, and in multivesicular bodies. Incubation at 37°C before chilling and labeling with avidin-lucifer yellow decreased the cells' capacity to bind avidin-lucifer yellow by 95%, with t05 < 0.5 min. If cells were then incubated with avidin-lucifer yellow at 37°C, they took up the marker with a time course that indicated that 60% of the initial biotin either recycled back to the plasma membrane or remained in intracellular compartments that could be reached by endocytosed extracellular fluid. Internalized biotin communicated with extracellular avidin-lucifer yellow with a t05 of 2 min, and this process was accelerated by carbachol at concentrations of 10 ^mol/1 and 1 mmol/1. Conclusions. Acinar cell plasma membrane constituents participate in an ongoing, secretagogue-modulated recycling traffic between small surface-expressed pools and 10- to 20-fold larger intracellular pools. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:305-316.
High Efficiency Spectrographs for the EUV and Soft X-Rays

A basic need of modern UV and x-ray astronomy is the capability to perform high resolution spectroscopy of faint stars. The use of modern grazing incidence optics can be coupled to high blaze angle reflection gratings used in the conical diffraction mount to offer a versatile, efficient approach to the design problem. We discuss two designs of interest: an echelle spectrograph for use longward of 100 A, and an Objective Reflection Grating Spectrograph for use in the soft x-rays. General design considerations and measurements of grating efficiencies are also presented.
Effect of Prolonged Treatment with Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, or Levofloxacin on Chlamydia pneumoniae in a Continuous-Infection Model

Persistent infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae have been implicated in the development of chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and asthma. Although azithromycin, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin are frequently used for the treatment of respiratory C. pneumoniae infections, little is known about the dose and duration of therapy needed to treat a putative chronic C. pneumoniae infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of prolonged treatment with azithromycin, clarithromycin, or levofloxacin on the viability of C. pneumoniae and cytokine production in an in vitro model of continuous infection. We found that a 30-day treatment with azithromycin, clarithromycin, and levofloxacin at concentrations comparable to those achieved in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid reduced but did not eliminate C. pneumoniae in continuously infected HEp-2 cells. All three antibiotics decreased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in HEp-2 cells, but this effect appeared to be secondary to the antichlamydial activity, as the cytokine levels correlated with the concentrations of microorganisms. The levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon were too low to assess the effect of antibiotics. These data suggest that the dosage and duration of antibiotic therapy currently being used may not be sufficient to eradicate a putative chronic C. pneumoniae infection.
Applying a targeted label-free approach using LC-MS AMT tags to evaluate changes in protein phosphorylation following phosphatase inhibition.

In order to identify phosphoproteins regulated by the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family of S/T phosphatases, we performed a large-scale characterization of changes in protein phosphorylation on extracts from HeLa cells treated with or without calyculin A, a potent PPP enzyme inhibitor. A label-free comparative phosphoproteomics approach using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography and targeted tandem mass spectrometry was employed to discover and identify signatures based upon distinctive changes in abundance. Overall, 232 proteins were identified as either direct or indirect targets for PPP enzyme regulation. Most of the present identifications represent novel PPP enzyme targets at the level of both phosphorylation site and protein. These data can be used to define the underlying signaling pathways and events regulated by the PPP family of S/T phosphatases.
Residential History and Groundwater Modeling: Gallagher et al. Respond

We thank Schaider et al. for their interest in our research on possible environmental causes of breast cancer in upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts (Gallagher et al. 2010). Our study was prompted by an earlier spatial analysis that revealed a geographic overlap between groundwater plumes in upper Cape Cod and an area of increased breast cancer risk. These plumes indicated areas of concern around landfills and wastewater facilities, large point sources of contaminants to groundwater, as shown in Figure 1 of our article (Gallagher et al. 2010). We determined that among these plumes, the plume associated with the Barnstable Wastewater Pollution Control Facility (BWPCF) was the only point source with the potential to impact the drinking water of our study population. The BWPCF treats both residential and commercial waste from a broad geographic area.