cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast-breaking results on the PACAP/VIP/secretin peptide family in chromaffin cells.

Abstract: The neuropeptide pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been reported to be a potent regulator of chromaffin cell activity. In particular, PACAP stimulates catecholamine biosynthesis as well as the expression of various genes, including chromogranin A, neuropeptide Y, enkephalins, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and PACAP itself. The mechanisms involved in the effects of PACAP on chromaffin cells have been investigated using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. This cell line turned out to be a suitable model in which to study the neurotrophic activities of PACAP. Recent studies using transgenic mice have shown that in the sympathoadrenal system, PACAP acts as an “emergency response” cotransmitter involved in the regulation of insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Cura Personalis, Homines Pro Aliis, Magis, and ...?

Cura personalis, homines pro aliis, and magis have long been key themes of Jesuit education. Care for the whole person, men and women for others, or maybe men and women together for others, and excellence—the never ending search for improvement—have been foundation stones upon which many, perhaps all, Jesuit educational institutions have built their approaches to teaching, research, and service. Many non-Jesuit, non-Catholic, and non-Christian universities would also very likely agree that these three themes are deeply consistent with how they see their own missions, even if they might not use those particular Latin words to capture their own commitments. In many ways, those words are also guides to the good life—to lives well and richly lived. Recent events, however, are suggesting ever more strongly that we— as educators and as citizens, and simply as members of the human species—are called to make explicit a fourth foundation stone for our commitments to serve our communities and ourselves. That fourth foundation stone is “care for God’s creation”—or whatever phrase each individual may be most comfortable with. In the deepest spiritual sense, care for God’s creation refers to the call to meet our obligation to honor the loan of this planet that we have been given responsibility for, at this time in the planet’s very, very, very long existence and in our almost in! nitesimally short length of time on it. In a purely practical and perhaps even sel! sh sense, this call refers to the need to protect the planet’s capacity to support our immediate personal existence and the existence of our own species. Of course, we also have
Advancing Typology of Computer-Supported Influence: Moderation Effects in Socially Influencing Systems

Persuasive technologies are commonly engineered to change behavior and attitudes of users through persuasion and social influence without using coercion and deception. While earlier research has been extensively focused on exploring the concept of persuasion, the present theory-refining study aims to explain the role of social influence and its distinctive characteristics in the field of persuasive technology. Based on a list of notable differences, this study outlines how both persuasion and social influence can be best supported through computing systems and introduces a notion of computer-moderated influence, thus extending the influence typology. The novel type of influence tends to be more salient for socially influencing systems, which informs designers to be mindful when engineering such technologies. The study provides sharper conceptual representation of key terms in persuasive engineering, drafts a structured approach for better understanding of the influence typology, and presents how computers can be moderators of social influence.
Applying the National Health Educator Competencies Update Project Model to Health Education

A brief overview of the six-year National Health Educator Competencies Update Project (CUP) research is provided as an introduction to a discussion of applications of the resulting CUP Hierarchical Model. Considerations for application of the model to the professional preparation, credentialing and professional development of health educators are explored. In addition, examples of the applicability of the CUP Hierarchical Model to three different work settings are presented at the Entry, Advanced 1, and Advanced 2 levels of professional practice. The benefits of being guided by a validated practice model are discussed with implications for future research endeavors.
Experience-dependent modification of ultrasound auditory processing in a cricket escape response

The ultrasound acoustic startle response (ASR) of crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) is a defense against echolocating bats. The ASR to a test pulse can be habituated by a train of ultrasound prepulses. We found that this conditioning paradigm modified both the gain and the lateral direction of the startle response. Habituation reduced the slope of the intensity/response relationship but did not alter stimulus threshold, so habituation extended the dynamic range of the ASR to higher stimulus intensities. Prepulses from the side (90 degrees or 270 degrees azimuth) had a priming effect upon the lateral direction of the ASR, increasing the likelihood that test pulses from the front (between −22 degrees and +22 degrees) would evoke responses towards the same side as prepulse-induced responses. The plasticity revealed by these experiments could alter the efficacy of the ASR as an escape response and might indicate experience-dependent modification of auditory perception. We also examined stimulus control of habituation by prepulse intensity or direction. Only suprathreshold prepulses induced habituation. Prepulses from one side habituated the responses to test pulses from either the ipsilateral or contralateral side, but habituation was strongest for the prepulse-ipsilateral side. We suggest that habituation of the ASR occurs in the brain, after the point in the pathway where the threshold is mediated, and that directional priming results from a second process of plasticity distinct from that underlying habituation. These inferences bring us a step closer to identifying the neural substrates of plasticity in the ASR pathway.
How Can Community Religious Groups Aid Recovery for Individuals with Psychotic Illnesses

Ministries of churches, temples, mosques, and synagogues are a potential resource for individuals with chronic psychoses. Church attendance is highest in states with the least mental health funding, suggesting a role for community religious groups to aid over-extended mental health systems. The American Psychiatric Association has initiated new efforts to foster partnerships between psychiatrists and religious groups. Such partnerships should be informed by research evidence: (1) religious coping can have both beneficial and adverse effects upon psychosis illness severity; (2) psychosocial programs for persons with psychotic disorders should target specific psychobiological vulnerabilities, in addition to providing compassionate emotional support; (3) family psychoeducation is a well-validated model for reducing schizophrenia illness severity that could inform how religious groups provide activities, social gatherings, and social networks for persons with psychotic disorders. Positive impacts from such collaborations may be greatest in low- and middle-income countries where mental health services are largely absent.
Optimal Feedback Synthesis for Bolza Control Problem Arising in Linearized Fluid Structure Interaction

Bolza boundary control problem defined for linearized fluid structure interaction model is considered. The aim of this paper is to develop an optimal feedback control synthesis based on Riccati theory. The main mathematical challenge of the problem is caused by unbounded action of control forces which, in turn, give rise to Riccati equations with unbounded coefficients and singular behavior of the gain operator. This class of problems has been recently studied via the so-called Singular Estimate Control Systems. (SECS) theory, which is based on the validity of the so-called Singular Estimate (SE) [4, 27, 32]. It is shown that the fluid structure interaction does satisfy Singular Estimate (SE) condition. This is accomplished by showing that the maximal abstract parabolic regularity is transported, onto the wave dynamics, via hidden hyperbolic regularity of the boundary traces on the interface. The established Singular Estimate allows for the application of recently developed general theory which, in turn, implies well-posedness of feedback synthesis and of the associated Riccati Equation. Blow up rates of optimal control and of the feedback operator at the terminal time are provided.
Measurement of the spin-spin correlation parameter C NN in proton-proton scattering at 6 GeV/ c

As part of a program to determine proton--proton elastic-scattering amplitudes, we have measured the spin--spin correlation parameter C/sub NN/ at 6 GeV/c. Measurements were made over the abs. value t range of 0.08 to 1.4 (GeV/ c)$sup 2$ by using a polarized beam and a polarized target at the Argonne National Laboratory Zero Gradient Synchrotron. (AIP)
Application of Micropatterned Cocultured Hepatocytes to Evaluate the Inductive Potential and Degradation Rate of Major Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes

Long-term coculture models of hepatocytes are promising tools to study drug transport, clearance, and hepatoxicity. In this report we compare the basal expression of drug disposition genes and the inductive response of prototypical inducers (rifampin, phenobarbital, phenytoin) in hepatocyte two-dimensional monocultures and the long-term coculture model (HepatoPac). All the inducers used in the study increased the expression and activity of CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2C enzymes in the HepatoPac cultures. The coculture model showed a consistent and higher induction of CYP2C enzymes compared with the monocultures. The EC50 of rifampin for CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 was up to 10-fold lower in HepatoPac than the monocultures. The EC50 of rifampin calculated from the clinical drug interaction studies correlated well with the EC50 observed in the HepatoPac cultures. Owing to the long-term stability of the HepatoPac cultures, we were able to directly measure a half-life (t1/2) for both CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 using the depletion kinetics of mRNA and functional activity. The t1/2 for CYP3A4 mRNA was 26 hours and that for the functional protein was 49 hours. The t1/2 of CYP2B6 was 38 hours (mRNA) and 68 hours (activity), which is longer than CYP3A4 and shows the differential turnover of these two proteins. This is the first study to our knowledge to report the turnover rate of CYP2B6 in human hepatocytes. The data presented here demonstrate that the HepatoPac cultures have the potential to be used in long-term culture to mimic complex clinical scenarios.
From Decreasing to Increasing Returns: the Role of Tacit Knowledge Capital in Firm Production and Industrial Growth

This paper integrates a learning model and two production models with endogenous technical change emphasizing the importance of tacit knowledge capital (KC). Individual business firms may experience diminishing returns to their existing tacit KC. However, when these firms update their tacit KC using the dialectical learning process, they can increase their productivity (output per worker) potentially creating a natural externality in their industry. Because firm-level production innovations cannot be perfectly patented or kept secret, tacit knowledge created by one firm can spill over to the industry leading to increasing returns to tacit KC. A conceptual framework is developed showing that increasing the tacit knowledge base of the firm is needed to foster the technical change required to increase productivity in both the firm and corresponding industry. Causes of diminishing returns to existing tacit KC at the firm level are discussed. Also, some pathways to increasing industrial returns to tacit KC are explored.
Damage Threshold to a Commercial Mushroom by a Mushroom-Infesting Phorid (Diptera: Phoridae)

Megaselia halterata (Wood) (Diptera: Phoridae), parasitized by an endoparasitic nematode, Howardula husseyi Richardson, Hesling, Riding (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), were reared at temperatures of 13, 16, 18, 21, 24, and 27°C. Rearing temperature of 27°C produced a nematode-free phorid culture. Mushroom crops were infested with nematode-free female phorid populations of 1,900, 3,110, 9,800, 12,443, and 12,766 per m2 of growing surface during spawn run. Populations greater than 12,000 phorid females significantly reduced mushroom yield. Two generations of phorids were observed during the cropping period.
High-speed quasi-distributed strain sensing based on time division multiplexing of fibre Bragg gratings

A high-speed quasi-distributed fibre optic sensing technique for strain is proposed and a proof-of-concept experiment is performed. The sensing link is formed by multiple fibre Bragg gratings and interrogated by a pulsed broadband source. A dispersive unit is used to translate wavelength variations to time-delay changes to enable high-speed sensing capability. As the gratings can be weakly reflecting and nominally identical in their reflection spectra, this technique has the inherent capability of high-capacity multiplexing. Linear and repeatable static strain response was achieved with a strain–delay conversion factor of −3.37 ps/μe and a resolution of 4.73 μe. Dynamic strain was successfully measured at a sampling rate of 7 kHz and dynamic resolution of 0.2 μe/√Hz was obtained.
The Structure of Growth Management in the American States

Sometime ago the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) issued a report entitled State Growth Management.' The report was accomplished by the Council of State Governments under a commission from HUD to review state policies, plans, and programs pertaining to the development of a national urban growth policy as required by the Urban Growth and New Community Development Act of 1970. This act, not unlike much general legislation passed by Congress, seeks to develop economic vitality, conserve natural resources, and protect the environment. This broad statement of purpose is important to an understanding of the 1976 HUD report with its myriad policy concerns. Certainly, a first concern of those who performed the study must have been a determination of what they must look for in assessing the growth policies of the states. And to those of us who have followed state politics over the years, the conclusion that "few states can be said to have adopted an articulated state growth policy" is no great surprise.2 Since the existing state plans are not reviewed in any detail, it is difficult to ascertain their impact on the final shape of the report. Given the various policy concerns incorporated under growth policy there, however, it would seem that HUD, under the general objectives established in the 1970 act, offered some a priori guidelines. Thus, economic and industrial development, transportation, energy, land use, environmental protection, housing, planning, state-local relations, and regional districting are all included in the review. The real focus, then, seems to be social change as a policy concern, particularly since no clear rationale is presented for linking all these particular areas to growth. But if the broader focus of
Radiation Hardened Superconducting Mixed Multipole Magnet Designs for FRIB

Abstract Higher multipole magnets for FRIB may be either superconducting or conventional. The superconducting multipole magnets can be shorter than the conventional version with the same integrated field. If the magnet is in a region with a small amount of ionizing radiation, the superconducting option is attractive because the multipole magnets can be nested, and they can be installed into cold iron. In regions with large amounts of ionizing radiation, the superconducting option is less attractive because of radiation damage and the heat deposited at low temperatures. High and low radiation designs are compared for an octupole nested within a sextupole that can be used in FRIB
Physical Therapy for a Child Poststroke With a Left Ventricular Assist Device.

Purpose To describe physical therapy (PT) examination and intervention during rehabilitation for a child poststroke with an implanted left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Key points A 10-year-old boy with a history of congenital heart disease awaiting heart transplant was admitted to a pediatric rehabilitation hospital with right hemiplegia, and an external, portable LVAD. This child participated in standard PT examination procedures and interventions with accommodations for the LVAD. Observation was used to evaluate exercise response because of inability to measure vital signs. At admission, impaired muscle tone, balance, and endurance contributed to limitations in functional mobility. By discharge, improvements were seen in all impairments and also in ambulation distance, speed, and independence. Conclusion This child awaiting heart transplant with an LVAD was able to tolerate intensive individualized PT. With monitoring and adjustments to the plan of care, he demonstrated improvements in functional mobility.
The predictive value of ultrasonography in evaluation of infants with posterior urethral valves.

AbstractBetween 1981 and 1989, 28 infants less than 6 months old with posterior urethral valves underwent ultrasound evaluation as part of the initial evaluation at our hospital. The single ultrasound feature that correlated with subsequent renal function was the status of corticomedullary differentiation. The presence of corticomedullary junctions in at least 1 kidney in 17 infants was always associated with a serum creatinine level of 0.8mg./dl. or less in long-term followup. Of 11 patients with absent corticomedullary differentiation 7 had eventual creatinine levels of greater than 0.8mg./dl. with 5 of them suffering clinically significant renal insufficiency. An association between vesicoureteral reflux and absent corticomedullary junctions was also found.
PHENOTYPING CHOROIDEREMIA AND ITS CARRIER STATE WITH MULTIMODAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES.

PURPOSE To describe findings in a patient with choroideremia (CHM) and his mother, an obligate CHM carrier. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 25-year-old man with nyctalopia and poor peripheral vision since childhood, as well as a family history consistent with an X-linked retinal disorder was diagnosed with CHM. His asymptomatic 50-year-old mother, an obligate carrier, was also examined. Fundus examination of the affected man showed significant atrophy of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium, whereas the carrier woman showed patchy pigmentary mottling. Imaging of the affected man showed diffuse retinal pigment epithelium atrophy on optical coherence tomography and extensive areas of decreased choriocapillaris flow on optical coherence tomography angiography. By contrast, the carrier woman showed subtle retinal pigment epithelium changes on optical coherence tomography and mild flow alterations on optical coherence tomography angiography. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates the findings seen in CHM, and while CHM carrier women are often asymptomatic, they may exhibit a mosaic pattern of pigmentary change on fundus examination. Optical coherence tomography angiography may show mild choroidal flow abnormalities. This finding serves to further characterize the extent of dysfunction in CHM and its carrier state.
Probabilistic clustering of high dimensional norms

Separating decompositions of metric spaces are an important randomized clustering paradigm that was formulated by Bartal in [Bar96] and is defined as follows. Given a metric space (X, dX), its modulus of separated decomposability, denoted SEP (X, dX), is the infimum over those σ ∈ (0, ∞] such that for every finite subset S ⊆ X and every Δ > 0 there exists a distribution over random partitions P of S into sets of diameter at most Δ such that for every x, y ∈ S the probability that both x and y do not fall into the same cluster of the random partition P is at most σdX(x, y)/Δ. Here we obtain new bounds on SEP (X, ||·||X) when (X, ||·||X) is a finite dimensional normed space, yielding, as a special case, that [EQUATION] for every n ∈ ℕ. More generally, [EQUATION] for every p ∈ [2, ∞]. This improves over the work [CCG+98] of Charikar, Chekuri, Goel, Guha, and Plotkin, who obtained this bound when p = 2, yet for p ∈ (2, ∞] they obtained the asymptotically weaker estimate SEP(lnp) ≲ n1−1/p. One should note that it was claimed in [CCG+98] that the bound SEP(lnp) ≲ n1−1/p is sharp for every p ∈ [2, ∞], and in particular it was claimed in [CCG+98] that SEP(ln∞) ≍ n. However, the above results show that this claim of [CCG+98] is incorrect for every p ∈ (2, ∞]. Our new bounds on the modulus of separated decomposability rely on extremal results for orthogonal hyperplane projections of convex bodies, specifically using the work [BN02] of Barthe and the author. This yields additional refined estimates, an example of which is that for every n ∈ ℕ and k ∈ {1,...,n} we have [EQUATION], where (ln2)⩽k) denotes the subset of ℝn consisting of all those vectors that have at most k nonzero entries, equipped with the Euclidean metric.The above statements have implications to the Lipschitz extension problem through its connection to random partitions that was developed by Lee and the author in [LN04, LN05]. Given a metric space (X, dX), let e(X) denote the infimum over those K ∈ (0, ∞] such that for every Banach space Y and every subset S ⊆ X, every 1-Lipschitz function f : S → Y has a K-Lipschitz extension to all of X. Johnson, Lindenstrauss and Schechtman proved in [JLS86] that e(X) ≲ dim(X) for every finite dimensional normed space (X, || · ||X). It is a longstanding open problem to determine the correct asymptotic dependence on dim(X) in this context, with the best known lower bound, due to Johnson and Lindenstrauss [JL84], being that the quantity e(X) must sometimes be at least a constant multiple of [EQUATION]. In particular, the previously best known upper bound on e(ln∞) was the O(n) estimate of [JLS86]. It is shown here that for every n ∈ ℕ we have [EQUATION], thus answering (up to logarithmic factors) a question that was posed by Brudnyi and Brudnyi in [BB05, Problem 2]. More generally, [EQUATION] for every p ∈ [2, ∞], thus resolving (negatively) a conjecture of Brudnyi and Brudnyi in [BB05, Conjecture 5].
Nuclear α-catenin mediates the DNA damage response via β-catenin and nuclear actin

α-Catenin is an F-actin-binding protein widely recognized for its role in cell-cell adhesion. However, a growing body of literature indicates that α-catenin is also a nuclear protein. In this study, we show that α-catenin is able to modulate the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage and toxicity. Furthermore, nuclear α-catenin is actively recruited to sites of DNA damage. This recruitment occurs in a β-catenin-dependent manner and requires nuclear actin polymerization. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the WNT-mediated regulation of the DNA damage response and suggest a novel role for the α-catenin-β-catenin complex in the nucleus.
Molecular cytogenetics to characterize mechanisms of gene duplication in pesticide resistance

Recent advances in molecular cytogenetics empower construction of physical maps to illustrate the precise position of genetic loci on the chromosomes. Such maps provide visible information about the position of DNA sequences, including the distribution of repetitive sequences on the chromosomes. This will be an important step forward toward unraveling the genetic mechanisms implicated in chromosomal aberrations (e.g., gene duplication). In response to stress, such as pesticide selection, the duplicated genes provide an immediate adaptive advantage to organisms that overcome unfavorable conditions. Although the significance of gene duplication as one of the important events in driving genetic diversity has been reported, the precise mechanisms of gene duplication that contribute to pesticide resistance, especially to herbicides, is elusive. With particular reference to pesticide-resistance, we a) discuss prospects of application of molecular cytogenetic tools to uncover mechanism(s) of gene duplication, and b) illustrate hypothetical models that predict the evolutionary basis of gene duplication. The cytogenetic basis of duplicated genes, their stability, as well as the magnitude of selection pressure, can determine the dynamics of the genetic locus (loci) conferring pesticide resistance not only at the population but also at the individual level.
Pulse timing in edge-readout PET detectors

We have proposed a novel edge-readout detector design for PET, which can easily provide sub-millimeter in-plane spatial resolution together with DOI information with resolution determined by the thickness of the crystal layers. Multiple factors that can potentially affect the coincidence resolving time (CRT) have been studied in this work. The result indicates there is a strong correlation between the coincidence resolving time and the parameters of a constant fraction discriminator (CFD), while the correlation between CRT and other factors such as inclusion of optical barriers, locations of gamma-ray interactions in the detector and light-coupling material’s refractive index (between crystal and SiPM’s silicon substrate) is weak. With optimum CFD parameters, a 200-ps CTR can be achieved.
Biologics in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Inflammatory bowel diseases are commonly first diagnosed in the second and third decades of life and typically require lifelong treatment, which overlaps with the childbearing years. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to an increased risk for pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, but having active disease at the time of conception and/or during pregnancy further increases this risk. Preconception counseling about the importance of obtaining disease remission at least 3 months prior to conception as well as the importance of adherence to the appropriate medical treatment in order to maintain remission during pregnancy is paramount to optimizing pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This chapter will provide the most recent evidence regarding the safety of the currently available biologic medications, including anti-TNFα inhibitors, anti-integrin medications, and anti-IL-12/IL-23 agents, during pregnancy and with breastfeeding.
Sexual Scripts and Narrative Therapy with Older Couples

Sexual scripts are socially constructed guidelines that purportedly determine sequencing of individual sexual behavior. For older adults' sexual scripts are often ageist, perceiving them as asexual...
Aberrant splenic artery complicated by aneurysm during pregnancy

Abstract The aberrant splenic artery is an uncommon anomaly. It may become a challenging problem when it is associated with an aneurysm diagnosed during pregnancy. Our experience with a patient who underwent two interventions, each performed in the postpartum period without incident, highlights the need to employ techniques that ensure aneurysm closure and thus avoid recurrence and need for repetitive procedures.
Zinc Overload in Stroke

Although zinc (Zn or Zn2+) signals are necessary for cell communication and survival, abnormal cellular zinc load can be a precursor for cell death and subsequent brain degeneration following a stroke. Zinc mediates cell death by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, by reinforcing apoptotic signaling cascades, and by inhibiting neuronal metabolism. The mechanisms leading to the sustained zinc dysregulation in excitotoxic conditions are only in part elucidated. This chapter examines the cytotoxicity and sources of zinc overload, and its interaction with neurotransmitter receptors/ion channels. Recent studies show that zinc can be released through the mobilization of zinc from intracellular stores such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Changes in the expression of zinc transporters may also be responsible for zinc dyshomeostasis. The question of possible interplays between zinc and calcium overloads in ischemic-hypoxia and oxidative stress are also discussed. Although zinc-induced damage seem to follow the similar trajectory of cell death that has been recognized for calcium overload, neurons appear to be more sensitive to zinc-mediated toxic effect. Therefore, an effective therapeutic strategy for stroke may be a combined treatment that also targets the multiple events involved in zinc dyshomeostasis.
Tissue plasminogen activating factor assisted removal of subretinal hemorrhage

We used tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to aid in the surgical evacuation of subretinal hemorrhages. Subretinal hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured retinal macroaneurysm was treated in two patients. The surgical technique involved using a micropipette to fashion a small retinotomy through which tPA was injected into the subretinal space and through which the dissolved clot was removed. Visual acuity improved from counts fingers to 20/50 in one patient and from counts fingers to 20/70 in the other. Three additional patients, with massive subretinal hemorrhages secondary to age-related macular degeneration, were similarly treated. In one, visual acuity improved from counts fingers to 20/400; in two others, visual acuity was stabilized; in the first patient, at 20/300, and in the second patient at 20/400. The use of tPA minimizes surgical manipulation of the sensory retina and greatly reduces the size of the retinotomy required for evacuation of subretinal blood.
Keats’s ‘Natural Sculptures’: Geology, Vitality and the Scottish Walking Tour

Alexandra Paterson’s chapter takes a key phrase from Hyperion, ‘natural sculpture’, as a basis from which to explore the connections among geology, sculpture and human bodies in Keats’s poetry. Her argument is that Keats’s poetic depictions of sculptures and Hyperion’s fallen Titans are more profoundly influenced by the poet’s geological observations in various places, including the British Museum and geological sites visited during the northern walking tour, than has been hitherto acknowledged. Paterson brings material aspects of these sites—marble and rock—into animating contact with Keats’s Hyperion fragments.
Evaluating disparities in clinical trial accrual in an urban academic radiation oncology department.

e18759Background: Clinical cancer trials suffer from underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities as well as subjects with low socioeconomic status (SES). Here we examine if these disparitie...
Association of mindfulness and stress with menopausal symptoms in midlife women.

Purpose: Midlife women frequently experience stress and menopausal symptoms. Mindfulness is thought to mitigate stress by avoiding emotional reactivity and ruminative thinking. We sought to assess ...
Estimates of urinary blood lead clearance and its relationship to glomerular filtration rate based on a large population survey.

Blood lead (Pb) clearance (CbPb) and serum creatinine clearance (CsCr), a metric of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), were estimated in approximately 7,600 subjects from the NHANES (2009–2016). Med...
Cryotherapy duration is critical in short-term recovery of athletes: a systematic review

Importance Cryotherapy is one of the simplest and oldest therapeutic methods used to alleviate acute soft tissue trauma and muscle soreness. However, inconsistent outcomes have been reported due to inconsistent protocols. Objective To determine if various cryotherapy methods lead to enhanced recovery in athletes and identify optimal methods and protocol for short-term recovery in athletes. Evidence review PubMed/MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from 1 April 1950 to 31 December 2018. The search algorithm used was: (Icing OR Ice Therapy OR Cryotherapy) AND (Athlete OR Sports) NOT (Case Reports). Inclusion criteria was human clinical studies with level 1–4 evidence, a cohort of at least 20 athletes, who were followed to determine the effect cryotherapy had on performance, pain and/or recovery were included. Abstracts, reviews, case reports and conference proceedings were excluded. Seven studies investigating the effect cryotherapy recovery were included. Manual extraction and compilation of demographic, methodology, functional and biochemical outcomes from the studies were completed. Non-randomised trials were assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies and the randomised were assessed using Oxford quality scoring system. Findings Decreased pain or muscle soreness was seen with cold water immersion(CWI) when compared with passive recovery. Other outcome variables assessed (biomarkers, functional tests) did not reveal consistent findings. Longer icing times (>10 min) were associated with detrimental effects in muscle power and activity. Conclusions and relevance Duration is the critical variable in conventional cryotherapy, with prolonged icing leading to immediate detriment in muscle power and activity. Thus, we recommend using ice cryotherapy following exercise for no longer than 10 min for pure hypoalgesia. CWI had a greater benefit on recovery than passive recovery. Furthermore, CWI has a more beneficial effect on recovery in the first 24 hours following exercise versus immediately postrecovery. We recommend using a protocol to include immersion times of 11–15 min in 11°C–15°C (52°F–59°F) water. Level of evidence Level III.
Effects of a Concept-Based Physical Education on Middle School Students’ Knowledge, Motivation, and Out-of-School Physical Activity

Purpose This study aimed to determine the extent to which a concept-based physical education curriculum, specifically the Science of Healthful Living (SHL) curriculum, influenced middle school students' knowledge, motivation for physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA), and out-of-school PA. Methods A static group comparison design was adopted to analyze the differences on fitness knowledge, autonomous motivation for PE and PA, and out-of-school PA between eighth-grade students who studied the SHL curriculum (the experimental condition, n = 168) and their peers who studied a multiactivity PE (the control condition, n = 226) 1 year earlier. Results The students who studied the SHL curriculum demonstrated significantly higher levels of knowledge (p < .05, Cohen d = 0.81), autonomous motivation toward PA (p < .05, Cohen d = 0.20), and out-of-school PA (p < .05, Mann-Whitney U effect size = 0.01) than students who had experienced the multiactivity PE. The students in both conditions were equally motivated in their respective PE courses. Conclusion The SHL curriculum is effective in promoting students' PA behavior outside of the school.
Transition Planning: Voices of Chinese and Vietnamese Parents of Youth With Autism and Intellectual Disabilities:

Lack of family engagement in transition planning continues to be a challenge in special education. This study examined the experiences of Chinese and Vietnamese families of youth with disabilities ...
Assessing the External Validity of Using News Websites as Experimental Stimuli

As news is increasingly distributed online, studies of how people behave on news websites have become important tools in understanding news exposure. Numerous studies have created websites as stimu...
Extensive tumor calcification in response to pre-operative reductive chemotherapy in pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma: a case report

Esthesioneuroblastomas are uncommon tumors in pediatric patients and are typically treated with multimodal therapy. Changes in gross tumor quality and character in response to adjuvant treatment have not been clearly reported. We report the case of a 15-year-old female with a diagnosis of Kadish stage C esthesioneuroblastoma who was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection. The patient's tumor demonstrated cytoreduction after chemotherapy but also was found to have calcified. A combined trans-frontal sinus craniotomy with endoscopic endonasal resection was performed and resulted in negative margins and good clinical outcome.
Comments at the Columbia Business School on the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017

This is a rough copy of remarks that the author gave on February 24, 2020, at a session held at the Columbia Business School's Richman Center to discuss the 2017 U.S. tax act.
Transnational corporations and human rights

We saw in chapter 7 that the international law of human rights was directed mainly to public authorities like states and their governments, but that private non-profit actors like human rights advocacy groups helped shape the rights discourse and action. In this chapter we will show that for-profit private actors like transnational corporations have a tremendous effect on persons in the modern world, for good or ill. For the first fifty years after the adoption of the United Nations Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights, these business enterprises mostly fell outside the mainstream debate about the promotion and protection of internationally recognized human rights. This was so despite the fact that the leaders of the German firm I.G. Farben had faced legal justice at the Nuremberg Trials for their role in the Holocaust. This general situation was changing in the early twenty-first century. Attention to transnational corporations and human rights constitutes a new frontier in the international discourse on human rights. Non-profit human rights groups, along with the media and particularly consumer organizations and movements, are targeting the corporations. The result is renewed pressure on public authorities, especially states, to adopt norms and policies ensuring that business practices contribute to, rather than contradict, internationally recognized human rights. The corporations themselves are under considerable pressure to pay attention to human rights, although there remain formidable structural obstacles to a broad corporate social responsibility that includes human rights.
Weakly Nonlinear Evolution of a Nearly Plane Wave in the Boundary Layer of a Flat Plate

The numerous technological applications of the successful control of the transition to turbulence in shear layers (drag reduction, enhanced mixing, etc.) provide a strong incentive for better understanding the transition process. The research described here is concerned with the weakly-nonlinear evolution of a wave packet of unstable waves in the boundary layer of a flat plate. The waves are studied in the limit of large Reynolds number near the lower branch of the neutral stability curve. The analysis employs both the method of matched asymptotic expansions (in this case, the boundary-layer interaction theory) and a new multiple-scale perturbation technique based on an invariance property implicit in the procedure.
Heterochromatin Interactions Maintain Homologous Centromere Associations in Mouse Spermatocyte Meiosis

Summary In meiosis, crossovers between homologous chromosomes link them together. This enables them to attach to microtubules of the meiotic spindle as a unit, such that the homologs will be pulled away from one another at anaphase I. Homologous pairs can sometimes fail to become linked by crossovers. In some organisms, these non-exchange partners are still able segregate properly. In several organisms, associations between the centromeres of non-exchange partners occur in meiotic prophase. These associations have been proposed to promote segregation in meiosis I. But how centromere pairing could promote subsequent proper segregation is unclear. Here we report that meiotic centromere pairing if chromosomes in mouse spermatocytes allows the formation of an association between chromosome pairs. We find that peri-centromeric heterochromatin connections tether the centromeres of chromosome pairs after dissolution of centromere paring. Our results suggest that, in mouse spermatocytes, heterochromatin maintains the association of chromosome centromeres in the absence crossing-over.
Effect of sedimentation on the rheological properties of cement pastes

Rheology has been widely used to describe the flow properties of fresh cement-based suspensions. Nevertheless, the characterization and understanding of the rheological behavior of cement-based materials have become essential with the recent introduction of novel applications like digital construction in the field of civil engineering, among others. It has been well documented that concrete and mortar may suffer stability problems (i.e. the ability of the mixture to maintain homogeneous). At the scale of cement paste, this phenomenon can still arise and affect the rheological properties of the measured paste. Therefore, inaccuracies during the measurements and incorrect interpretation may occur, resulting in erroneous conclusions. This study explores the impact of sedimentation of cement particles when characterizing the rheological properties of cement paste. The w/c employed in the pastes were 0.45 and 0.35 with the addition of superplasticizer to obtain a dispersed system. The rheological properties were measured using a coaxial cylinder configuration and followed up to 180 min after the contact between cement and water. Repeated measurements were executed with and without a homogenization procedure after each application of a measuring procedure. Comparing the results shows a clear influence of sedimentation on the evolution of rheological properties with time, and the effect is more pronounced for the mixtures with high w/c and for the procedure with the larger shear rate. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to keep a measuring procedure sufficiently short in duration.
NGMA-3. Use of multi-omics data to initialize and validate a causal model of glioblastoma stem cell signaling

Glioblastomas and glioblastoma stem cells are heterogeneous with respect to mutations, gene expression, and response to drugs. To make predictive responses of individual GBM stem cell lines to drugs, we have constructed a causal model of glioblastoma stem cell signaling. The core model was built starting from pathways identified from TCGA mutation data with the addition of the Jak/STAT, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways. Elements and relations between them were validated and extended using the PCNet interaction database and the INDRA database which includes machine read extractions from the biomedical literature. The result is a high confidence executable model consisting of 209 element and 370 rules of interaction between the elements. Stochastic simulations of the model provide dynamic (quantile) changes in time and responses to perturbations. The output provides activity of individual nodes as well as a cellular output state of cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or differentiation. To simulate the responses of individual cell lines to kinase inhibitors, the model was initialized using DNA sequencing data, RNA-seq, and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) data from each cell line. Comparing the results of the simulations to the drug responses of 11 different kinase targets, the model was 88% accurate in predicting effects on growth and survival. The model was further tested by comparing the effects of Mek inhibition of each of the cell lines in model to the results observed in the RPPA data which overlap by 127 elements. In this case, there was 62% concordance between the model and data when binned into quintiles. Discrepancies between the model predictions and the data are being investigated to determine whether the model logic or extent needs to be revised to improve the model. This modeling approach is a step toward developing algorithms for personalized therapeutics for GBM based on multi-omics data.
Reasoning with evidence while modeling: Successes at the middle school level

Middle school students are capable of reasoning in ways that are similar to more advanced physics reasoning; instructional design should reflect this.
Burden and characteristics of COVID-19 in the United States during 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health systems and economies throughout the world during 2020 and was particularly devastating for the United States, which experienced the highest numbers of reported cases and deaths during 20201–3. Many of the epidemiological features responsible for observed rates of morbidity and mortality have been reported4–8; however, the overall burden and characteristics of COVID-19 in the United States have not been comprehensively quantified. Here we use a data-driven model-inference approach to simulate the pandemic at county-scale in the United States during 2020 and estimate critical, time-varying epidemiological properties underpinning the dynamics of the virus. The pandemic in the United States during 2020 was characterized by national ascertainment rates that increased from 11.3% (95% credible interval (CI): 8.3–15.9%) in March to 24.5% (18.6–32.3%) during December. Population susceptibility at the end of the year was 69.0% (63.6–75.4%), indicating that about one third of the US population had been infected. Community infectious rates, the percentage of people harbouring a contagious infection, increased above 0.8% (0.6–1.0%) before the end of the year, and were as high as 2.4% in some major metropolitan areas. By contrast, the infection fatality rate fell to 0.3% by year’s end. Data-driven modelling including numbers of cases and population movements is used to simulate the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020, providing insights into the transmission of the disease.
Differences in Perception and Engagement of Sustainable Behavior and the Effects of Gender

As awareness of human-made environmental harm is increasingly acknowledged, going green is becoming more popular. Behavioral research is increasingly focused on how individuals are influenced to co...
Linewidth-enhancement factors of InGaAs and InGaAsN single-quantum-well diode lasers

Gain, loss and alpha-factor were measured in broad stripe 1.23 mum InGaAs and 1.29 mum InGaAsN single-QW lasers. Experiment shows that both differential gain with respect to current and alpha-factor tend to decrease in dilute-nitride devices compared with InGaAs-active lasers
After ISIS: Fully Reappraising U.S. Policy in Afghanistan

The U.S. strategy for withdrawal of U.S./NATO forces from Afghanistan, nearing completion of its first and largest tranche, was officially delayed at least a year by President Obama on March 24, 20...
New results on radiative J/ψ decays from mark III

Results from the analysis of five radiative J/ψ decays are presented. In J/ψ→γKK, the f′(1515), θ(1720), and a new state, the ξ(2200), are observed in the KK mass spectrum. In the double radiative decay J/ψ→γX;X→γp0, evidence is presented for structure near 1.4 GeV. Finally, in the three SU(3) related decays J/ψ→γρ→ ρ0, J/ψ→γρ+ρ−, and J/ψ→γωω, structure is observed near 1.7 GeV. Analysis of the decay angular distributions in these three modes indicates that even spin and odd parity predominate in this mass region.
Functional and morphologic characteristics of the leukemic cells of a patient with acute monocytic leukemia: correlation with clinical features

The clinical course of a patient with acute monocytic leukemia and prominent infiltration of the skin and testes is described. In vitro studies demonstrated that the circulating monocyte precursors were capable of adherence to nylon fibers, and phagocytosis of bacteria and latex particles. In vivo, migration of leukemic cells to skin windows was observed. Extreme nuclear folding, marked surface activity, and morphologic features suggesting nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation were seen by light and electron microscopy. The presence of morphologically and functionally more differentiated monocytic cells may account for the marked tiuuse invasion in this patient and, possibly, in other patients with monocytic leukemia.