cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Face Recognition Models

The human face provides us with valuable information about the identity of an individual, and about their sex, race, approximate age, and current mood. Models of face recognition encompass this broad range of tasks and include preprocessing steps aimed at aligning facial images/surfaces into a common coordinate system. Next, a process of feature extraction is implemented in many models by applying a principal component analysis (PCA) to a relatively raw perceptual encoding of faces. PCA produces a set of orthogonal feature axes that define a multidimensional face space into which individual faces can be projected. Recognition and identification models operate by assessing the distance of a target face to other known faces in the space. Categorization and facial expression analysis models are implemented generally with simple network algorithms that learn the mapping between faces represented by their coordinates in the space and a category membership (e.g., male). Current models are still limited in their ability to generalize recognition and categorization across moderate to large viewpoint changes.
Chronic mild hypoxia accelerates recovery from preexisting EAE by enhancing vascular integrity and apoptosis of infiltrated monocytes

While several studies have shown that hypoxic preconditioning suppresses development of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS), no one has yet examined the important clinically relevant question of whether mild hypoxia can impact the progression of preexisting disease. Using a relapsing-remitting model of EAE, here we demonstrate that when applied to preexisting disease, chronic mild hypoxia (CMH, 10% O2) markedly accelerates clinical recovery, leading to long-term stable reductions in clinical score. At the histological level, CMH led to significant reductions in vascular disruption, leukocyte accumulation, and demyelination. Spinal cord blood vessels of CMH-treated mice showed reduced expression of the endothelial activation molecule VCAM-1 but increased expression of the endothelial tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, key mechanisms underlying vascular integrity. Interestingly, while equal numbers of inflammatory leukocytes were present in the spinal cord at peak disease (day 14 postimmunization; i.e., 3 d after CMH started), apoptotic removal of infiltrated leukocytes during the remission phase was markedly accelerated in CMH-treated mice, as determined by increased numbers of monocytes positive for TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3. The enhanced monocyte apoptosis in CMH-treated mice was paralleled by increased numbers of HIF-1α+ monocytes, suggesting that CMH enhances monocyte removal by amplifying the hypoxic stress manifest within monocytes in acute inflammatory lesions. These data demonstrate that mild hypoxia promotes recovery from preexisting inflammatory demyelinating disease and suggest that this protection is primarily the result of enhanced vascular integrity and accelerated apoptosis of infiltrated monocytes.
Prospective Association Between Manganese in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND Manganese, an essential micronutrient, has been found in lower concentrations among women with preeclampsia in cross-sectional and case-control studies without establishment of a temporal relationship. METHODS We evaluated the prospective association of manganese (in red blood cells) in first trimester of pregnancy with incidence of preeclampsia (ascertained by reviewing medical records) among 1,312 women in eastern Massachusetts (Project Viva, 1999-2002). We used log-binomial regression to examine the manganese-preeclampsia relationship, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, blood pressure, and hematocrit. RESULTS The median (25th, 75th percentile) manganese concentrationin red blood cells was 16.2 ng/g (13.1, 20.4) and 48 (4%) women developed preeclampsia. We observed an inverse dose-response relationship between manganese and preeclampsia. Compared with women in the lowest tertile, women in the middle manganese tertile had 0.81 times the risk of preeclampsia (95% CI: 0.43, 1.5) and those in the highest tertile had 0.50 (95% CI: 0.25, 0.99) times the risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insight into a potentially modifiable way to prevent preeclampsia.
Understanding cyberbullying: Hannah Arendt’s public-private-social distinctions and online communication

This paper asks, “How might Hannah Arendt guide an understanding of cyberbullying attentive to its implications for the public, private, and social realms of contemporary life?” Arendt’s philosophi...
Noise-Enhanced Community Detection

Community structure plays a significant role in uncovering the structure of a network. While many community detection algorithms have been introduced, improving the quality of detected communities is still an open problem. In many areas of science, adding noise improves system performance and algorithm efficiency, motivating us to also explore the possibility of adding noise to improve community detection algorithms. We propose a noise-enhanced community detection framework that improves communities detected by existing community detection methods. The framework introduces three noise methods to help detect communities better. Theoretical justification and extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show that our framework helps community detection methods find better communities.
A Primary Care Provider's Guide to Bone Health in Spinal Cord-Related Paralysis

Individuals with spinal cord injury/disorder (SCI/D) are at high risk for developing secondary osteoporosis. Bone loss after neurologic injury is multifactorial and is dependent on the time from and extent of neurologic injury. Most bone loss occurs in the first year after complete motor paralysis, and fractures occur most commonly in the distal femur and proximal tibia (paraplegic fracture). The 2019 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Statement in SCI establishes that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to both diagnose osteoporosis and predict lower extremity fracture risk in individuals with SCI/D. Pharmacologic treatments used in primary osteoporosis have mixed results when used for SCI/D-related osteoporosis. Ambulation, standing, and electrical stimulation may be helpful at increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in individuals with SCI/D but do not necessarily correlate with fracture risk reduction. Clinicians caring for individuals with spinal cord-related paralysis must maintain a high index of suspicion for fragility fractures and consider referral for surgical evaluation and management.
Cardiac Sarcoidosis Mimicking Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The Importance of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract A man with a presumed diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presented after a ventricular fibrillation arrest. Review of prior cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pattern of l...
Broadband ultraviolet-visible frequency combs from cascaded high-harmonic generation in quasi-phase-matched waveguides

High-harmonic generation (HHG) provides short-wavelength light that is useful for precision spectroscopy and probing ultrafast dynamics. We report efficient, phase-coherent harmonic generation up to the ninth order (333 nm) in chirped periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides driven by phase-stable ≤12nJ, 100 fs pulses at 3 µm with 100 MHz repetition rate. A mid-infrared to ultraviolet-visible conversion efficiency as high as 10% is observed, among an overall 23% conversion of the fundamental to all harmonics. We verify the coherence of the harmonic frequency combs despite the complex highly nonlinear process. Accommodating the extreme spectral bandwidth, numerical simulations based on a single broadband envelope equation with only quadratic nonlinearity give estimates for the conversion efficiency within approximately 1 order of magnitude over a wide range of experimental parameters. From this comparison between theory and experiment, we identify a dimensionless parameter capturing the competition between three-wave mixing and group-velocity walk-off of the harmonics that governs the cascaded HHG physics. We also gain insights into spectral optimization via tuning the waveguide poling profile and pump pulse parameters. These results can inform cascaded HHG in a range of different platforms.
Small scale formations in the incompressible porous media equation

We construct examples of solutions to the incompressible porous media (IPM) equation that must exhibit infinite in time growth of derivatives provided they remain smooth. As an application, this allows us to obtain nonlinear instability for a class of stratified steady states of IPM.
Spontaneous Type-1-Diabetes Humanized Transgenics Help Unveil Pathophysiology of Human Diabetes and Allow for Disease-Reverting CAR-Treg Immunotherapy

We have generated a new transgenic mouse model of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in which mouse Major Histocompatibility Complex-II (MHC-II) molecules were replaced with human DQ8 in all antigen-presenting cells. Our mice also express human Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase, isoform 65 (GAD65) in pancreatic beta cells as humans do. Our humanized mouse-model has the closest known phenotype to human T1D and is most suitable for addressing pathophysiology and treatment of the disease. To that end, we have developed pancreatic beta-cell, antigen-specific, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T regulatory cells (Tregs) and explored their therapeutic potential against T1D. Ours is the first report of a successful, antigen-specific CAR-Treg treatment of T1D in a new model that closely resembles the human disease. Conceivably, treatment with antigen-specific CAR-Tregs will allow for recovery and reconstitution of beta cells in humans as well.
The Witness of Two or More in the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible

Within the broader field of the laws of testimony in the Torah[1], the requirement of "two or three" witnesses in order to establish the truth of a claim appears three times (Deut 19:15-19; 17:6; Num 35:30). I argue that this requirement stemmed from the legal realm and developed a theological meaning. This goal will be achieved by briefly illustrating the development of the concept of witnesses and the requirement of "two or three" from the first five books to Second Isaiah. The theological meaning developed from the legal meaning of the requirement of two or three witnesses may offer insight with regards to the future of the Center for Unity and Peace[2]. The article is organized into three parts: 1) Premise: Witnesses in the Torah 2) The legal requirement of two or three witnesses; 3) Theological developments in the concept of "witness" in Second Isaiah. The conclusion will offer a hypothesis on the connection between this requirement of two or three and Mt 18:20. [1] The laws of testimony in the Bible address the following topics: 1) False accusation (Exod 23:1,7; Deut 22:13-21) 2) False testimony (Exod 23:1) 3) Obligation to testify (Lev 5:1) 4) Required number of witnesses (Deut 17:6; 19:15-16; Num 35:30) 5) Absence of witnesses (Exod 23:7, 9; 22:10; Num 5:13; Deut 21:1-9), [2] By development, I don't necessarily mean strict "chronological development" but the acquisition of theological meaning in addition to the legal prescriptive meaning.
Magistracy and the Historiography of the Roman Republic: Politics in Prose

The study of Roman republican magistracy has traditionally been the preserve of historians posing constitutional and prosopographical questions. As a result, one fundamental aspect of our most detailed contemporary and near-contemporary sources about magistracy has remained largely neglected: their literariness. This book takes a new approach to the representation of magistrates and shows how the rhetorical and formal features of prose texts - principally Livy's history but also works by Cicero and Sallust - shape our understanding of magistracy. Applying to the texts an expanded concept of exemplarity, Haimson Lushkov shows how a rich body of anecdotes concerning the behaviour and speech of magistrates reflects on the values and tensions that defined the republic. A variety of contexts - familial, military, and electoral, among others - flesh out the experience of being, becoming, and encountering a Roman magistrate, and the political and ethical problems highlighted and negotiated in such circumstances.
An evolutionary group decision model for computer-supported cooperative work

Group decision-making meetings are a common occurrence in the work environment. As the complexity of the decision-making environment increases, decision-makers are faced with the challenges of dealing with decision situations that cross lines of responsibility, and frequently must make these decisions under conditions of short time constraints and information overload. The objective of this research was twofold: first, examine the contemporary group decision-making process to identify areas of the process that can be aided by information technology; and second, design, develop, and implement a domain-independent integrated computer-supported environment that facilitates the group decision-making process. Areas of investigation included the understanding and specification of a model of contemporary decision meetings, and the development of the Evolutionary Group Decision Model, which is a model of decision meetings aided by information technology. A domain-independent architecture of an integrated computer-supported decision meeting environment which incorporated this model was designed. Features of the architecture include provisions for a Facilitator's toolkit to manage the decision meeting; inclusion of the capability to tailor the environment to support specific domains and specific decision problems; and inclusion of the capability to incorporate additional decision meeting models, computer-based analysis tools, and tools for the Facilitator, as required. The applicability of the environment was demonstrated by a case study approach in which groups participated in decision meetings using the integrated environment. This research contributes to the field of Information Technology by providing a model of group decision meetings aided by information technology and an architecture of an integrated computer-aided environment that can be tailored for group decision-making support in a variety of domains. Additional contributions in the domain of Software Systems Engineering include the capability to implement a new approach to developing and refining system requirements which focuses on interaction between the user and the system designers and developers in an interactive computer-aided environment. Using the Evolutionary Decision Meeting Environment tailored to the Software Systems Engineering domain, this new approach to developing and refining system requirements starts with the requirements elicitation process, and provides a requirements traceability capability as well as the capability to make user statements available for analysis.
Lipidomic and proteomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans lipid droplets and identification of ACS-4 as a lipid droplet-associated protein

Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids for membrane synthesis and energy reserves. In this study, we characterized the lipid and protein composition of purified Caenorhabditis elegans lipid droplets. These lipid droplets are composed mainly of triacylglycerols, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer composed primarily of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerols is rich in fatty acid species obtained from the dietary Escherichia coli, including cyclopropane fatty acids and cis-vaccenic acid. Unlike other organisms, C. elegans lipid droplets contain very little cholesterol or cholesterol esters. Comparison of the lipid droplet proteomes of wild type and high-fat daf-2 mutant strains shows a very similar proteome in both strains, except that the most abundant protein in the C. elegans lipid droplet proteome, MDT-28, is relatively less abundant in lipid droplets isolated from daf-2 mutants. Functional analysis of lipid droplet proteins identified in our proteomic studies indicated an enrichment of proteins required for growth and fat homeostasis in C. elegans. Finally, we confirmed the localization of one of the newly identified lipid droplet proteins, ACS-4. We found that ACS-4 localizes to the surface of lipid droplets in the C. elegans intestine and skin. This study bolsters C. elegans as a model to study the dynamics and functions of lipid droplets in a multicellular organism.
Ontologies for Distributed Command and Control Messaging

This paper presents the development of a set of ontologies for use in messaging systems within military and emergency first responder command and control applications. These ontologies are used to annotate and subscribe to messages within a content delivery and service discovery middleware connecting sensors, services, and agents on the network. Ontologies serve an important role in this middleware in providing for flexible addressing and querying that increases the decoupling between senders and receivers afforded by the middleware. This is particularly important in the target applications, which feature heterogenous components and software versions spanning development organizations and deployment time. Discussed here are application uses, development methodology, evaluation criteria, and other notes on these ontologies and their creation. The goal of this paper is to provide useful input to others engaged in similar development efforts.
Tryptic Conversion of Cytochrome b5 Reductase to an Active Derivative Containing Two Peptide Chains

Abstract Cytochrome b5 reductase has been converted to an active, lower molecular weight flavoprotein derivative by incubation with high concentrations of trypsin. A total of 47 amino acid residues is removed from the single polypeptide chain of this enzyme to form a flavoprotein of 28,400 daltons composed of two peptide chains and 1 molecule of FAD. Noncovalent interactions between the smaller peptide of 75 amino acid residues and the larger, 158 to 170 amino acid segment provide a conformation which binds flavin and retains the structural features essential for NADH cytochrome b5 reductase activity. The maximum velocity is 65% of that of the unmodified enzyme. Procedures have been described for the isolation of the separate peptide fragments, and recombination experiments show that both peptides are necessary for refolding to form a catalytically active flavoprotein. The larger peptide fragment includes both tryptophanyl residues present in the unmodified enzyme, and indirect evidence suggests that this larger peptide fragment may also contain the sulfhydryl group essential for pyridine nucleotide interaction and structures directly related to flavin binding.
Combined continuous hormone replacement therapy: a critical review.

Objective: To evaluate the putative benefits of combined continuous hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women. Data Sources: A Medline search was performed for relevant English-language studies published during 1981–1995. Method of Study Selection: Forty-two studies were identified, all using a continuous daily regimen of an estrogen and a progestin given to postmenopausal women with intact uteri. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Each study was reviewed for the design, number of subjects enrolled, duration of protocol, and type and dosage of medications used. Data were extracted from texts, tables, figures, or personal communications regarding the effects of treatment on patient compliance (ie, drop-out rates), the occurrence of vasomotor symptoms, uterine bleeding patterns, endometrial histology, and lipid and bone density measurements. These data were then arranged in tabular form for the purpose of comparing and identifying trends. The lipid data from six randomized, double-blind studies that compared sequential and combined continuous regimens of conjugated equine estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate were further analyzed by meta-analysis. Findings revealed compliance rates of approximately 80% (range 35–100). Vasomotor symptoms improved almost universally. Irregular uterine bleeding was noted to be a common problem in the first 6 months of treatment; thereafter, most studies reported rates of amenorrhea of 75% or greater. In patients undergoing endometrial biopsy, rates of atrophic endometrium were noted to be 90–100%, and rates of endometrial hyperplasia were less than 1%. Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium was documented in two patients with a history of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and bleeding after established amenorrhea. The effects of treatment on lipid levels varied from study to study, but a meta-analysis revealed the combined continuous and sequential regimens to produce a treatmentassociated decline in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Studies examining bone density documented either no change or an increase with treatment. Conclusion: Combined continuous hormone replacement is well accepted by patients in clinical trials, effective in relieving vasomotor symptoms, and produces amenorrhea (though often after an initial period of irregular bleeding), an atrophic endometrium, and favorable changes in circulating lipids as well as maintaining bone density. Data on the impact of this regimen on long-term patient compliance, cardiovascular disease risk, and urogenital atrophy are lacking.
Noise environment reduction foam spheres in space

The advent of lightweight fairings for new spacecraft and the increased thrust of new launch vehicles have intensified the need for better techniques for predicting and for reducing the low frequency noise environment of spacecraft at liftoff. This paper presents a VAPEPS (VibroAcoustic Payload Environment Prediction System) parametrical analysis of the noise reduction of spacecraft fairings and explores a novel technique for increasing the low frequency noise reduction of lightweight fairing by approximately 10 dB.
Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis: From Time-Ordered Data to Angular Power Spectra

I describe the process of generating sky maps and estimating the power spectra from the raw CMB time stream data.
Determination of the Structure and Conformation of Bacterial Polysaccharides by Carbon 13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance STUDIES ON THE GROUP-SPECIFIC ANTIGENS OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUPS A AND X

Abstract The application of carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance to analysis of some phosphorylated acetamidohexose-containing meningococcal polysaccharides is described. A complete assignment of the spectra of both the serogroup A and X polysaccharides has been made. In addition the spectrum of a structurally related 1 →6-α-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose phosphate polysaccharide from Staphylococcus lactis NCTC 2102 has also been completely assigned. This has resulted in the structural elucidation of the serogroup X polysaccharide as a homopolymer of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose, linked by 1→4-α-phosphodiester bonds. In addition, the O-acetyl substituents of the serogroup A polysaccharide have been located at C-3 of approximately 70% of the repeating units (1→6-α-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-mannopyranose phosphate) of the homopolymer. Preliminary conformational information was also obtained from the large three-bond couplings between 31P and 13C (3J3131p-1313c), indicative of highly extended backbone formations.
Demography of the Legal Profession and Racial Disparities in Sentencing

The demography of the legal profession has changed rather dramatically in recent decades, yet the consequences of a more racially and ethnically diverse pool of lawyers for the administration of justice have not received significant attention. The present research examines how the racial composition of the local legal profession affects one facet of criminal law: the sentencing of convicted defendants. Building on prior work in the fields of law, stratification, and mobility, we hypothesize that racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing are mitigated where the legal profession is more diverse. In line with this hypothesis, analysis of data from a sample of large urban counties taken between 1990 and 2002 shows that the black-white racial disparity in sentencing attenuates as the number of black attorneys in the county increases, net of the percent black in the county and other possible confounding variables. Comparable results are found for Hispanics. The findings are discussed in the context of a demographically changing legal profession and prior work on racial disparities in the justice system.
Symplectic shell-model calculation for 24Mg

Abstract The symplectic shell model, which incorporates major shell-configuration mixing as required by the nuclear quadrupole degree of freedom, is applied to 24 Mg. The model interaction is a sum of six terms, two built from generators of the symplectic algebra and four from generators of the embedded Elliott su(3) subalgebra. By adjusting the six parameters of the interaction, both the calculated spectrum and the absolute B (E2) rates for the ground and γ-bands are found to be in good agreement with experiment. In particular, the γ-band is properly positioned and the interband rates are adequately reproduced. No effective charge is employed.
Nonlinear Peltier effect and thermoconductance in nanowires

A theoretical analysis of thermal transport in nanowires, in field-free conditions and under influence of applied magnetic fields, is presented. It is shown that in the nonlinear regime (finite applied voltage) new peaks in the Peltier coefficient appear leading to violation of Onsager's relation between the Peltier and thermopower coefficients. Oscillations of the Peltier coefficient in a magnetic field are demonstrated. The thermoconductance has a steplike quantized structure similar to the electroconductance and it exhibits deviations from the Wiedemann-Franz law. The strong dependence of the thermoconductance on the applied magnetic field leads to the possibility of magnetic blockade of thermal transport in wires with a small number of conducting channels. Possible control of thermal transport in nanowires through external parameters, that is applied through finite voltages and magnetic fields, is discussed.
Impact of troponin T determinations on hospital resource utilization and costs in the evaluation of patients with suspected myocardial ischemia.

The evaluation and triage of patients with suspected myocardial ischemia in the emergency department remains challenging and costly. Previous studies of cardiac troponins have focused predominately on patients with chest pain and have not randomized patients to different diagnostic strategies. Eight hundred fifty-six patients with suspected myocardial ischemia were prospectively randomized to receive a standard evaluation, including serial electrocardiographic and creatine phosphokinase-MB determinations (controls) or a standard evaluation with the addition of serial troponin T determinations (troponin group). The primary end points were length of stay and hospital charges. Significant reductions in length of hospital stay were seen in troponin T patients both with (3.6 vs 4.7 days; p = 0.01) and without (1.2 vs 1.6 days; p = 0.03) acute coronary syndromes compared with controls. Total hospital charges were reduced in a similar fashion in troponin patients with and without acute coronary syndromes ($15,004 vs $19,202; p = 0.01, and $4,487 vs $6,187; p = 0.17, respectively) compared with controls. Troponin patients without acute coronary syndromes had fewer hospital admissions (25% vs 31%; p = 0.04), whereas troponin patients with acute coronary syndromes had shorter telemetry and coronary care unit lengths of stay (3.5 vs 4.5 days; p = 0.03) compared with controls. Thus, utilization of troponin T in a broad spectrum of emergency department patients with suspected myocardial ischemia improves hospital resource utilization and reduces costs.
Articular Cartilage: Injuries and Potential for Healing

Impact and torsional joint loading can injure articular cartilage, causing pain, joint dysfunction and effusions, and, in some instances, progressive joint degeneration. Differences in the type of injury and the repair response distinguish three classes of articular surface injuries: 1) damage to the joint surface that leaves the articular surface intact but causes internal chondral damage and may cause subchondral bone injury, 2) mechanical disruption of the articular surface limited to articular cartilage, and 3) mechanical disruption of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. A variety of treatments has the potential to improve healing of articular surfaces, including perforation of subchondral bone, altered joint loading, periosteal and perichondrial grafts, cell transplantation, growth factors, and artificial matrices. Selection of treatment for a patient with an articular cartilage injury should be guided by an understanding of the type of injury, the potential for healing, and the effects of treatment on joint surface restoration.
From Perceptual Categories to Concepts: What Develops?

People are remarkably smart: They use language, possess complex motor skills, make nontrivial inferences, develop and use scientific theories, make laws, and adapt to complex dynamic environments. Much of this knowledge requires concepts and this study focuses on how people acquire concepts. It is argued that conceptual development progresses from simple perceptual grouping to highly abstract scientific concepts. This proposal of conceptual development has four parts. First, it is argued that categories in the world have different structure. Second, there might be different learning systems (subserved by different brain mechanisms) that evolved to learn categories of differing structures. Third, these systems exhibit differential maturational course, which affects how categories of different structures are learned in the course of development. And finally, an interaction of these components may result in the developmental transition from perceptual groupings to more abstract concepts. This study reviews a large body of empirical evidence supporting this proposal.
The role of mitochondrial glutathione in DNA base oxidation

The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of mitochondrial GSH in the reactions leading to mitochondrial DNA oxidative damage in terms of 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-HOdG) accumulation. With this purpose, tightly coupled mitochondria depleted of matrix GSH were used and the effects of H2O2 (generated during the oxidation of substrates) on 8-HOdG levels were investigated. Mitochondrial integrity, assessed by O2 uptake, respiratory control and P/O ratios, was conserved upon depletion of GSH up to 95%. The rates of H2O2 production linked to the oxidation of endogenous substrates by control and GSH-depleted mitochondria were similar. Succinate (in the absence or presence of antimycin A) enhanced the rate H2O2 production to a similar extent in both control and GSH-depleted mitochondria. These rates of H2O2 production accounted for 1.5-2.5% of the rate of O2 uptake. The levels of 8-HOdG in GSH-depleted mitochondria were 35-50% lower than those in control mitochondria, when measured at different H2O2 production rates. Conversely, in experiments carried out with calf thymus DNA with different Cu/Fe content, GSH increased 1.4-2.4-fold the accumulation of 8-HOdG. These values were further enhanced (44-50%) by superoxide dismutase and decreased by catalase. The lower levels of 8-HOdG in GSH-depleted mitochondria and the higher levels in GSH-supplemented calf thymus DNA suggest a role for the non-protein thiol in the reactions leading to mtDNA oxidative damage. These findings are interpreted in terms of the redox transitions involving O2, GSH, and metal catalysts bound to DNA. A mechanism is proposed by which GSH plays a critical role in the reduction of DNA-Cu complexes and decays by free radical pathways kinetically regulated by superoxide dismutase.
Flirtatious Communication: An Experimental Examination of Perceptions of Social-Sexual Communication Motivated by Evolutionary Forces

Guided by Relational Framing and Parental Investment Theories, this investigation examined experimentally induced flirtatious interactions. United States undergraduates (N = 252) from the Mid-Atlantic region viewed a flirtatious interaction and rated a confederate on physical and social attraction, affiliation, dominance, and conversational effectiveness. Generally, it was hypothesized that different flirting motivations would lead to different evaluations of the flirters, and perceptions of flirters would vary based on gender. Results revealed that men were evaluated as more dominant and affiliative than women when flirting, but dominance in men was not perceived as attractive or conversationally effective. In addition, men’s attraction to women increased significantly when women flirted for sexual motives, and women’s attraction to men decreased significantly when men flirted for fun. Overall, the results provide mixed support for both theories.
Sailing: Educating and Celebrating Self

(1992). Sailing: Educating and Celebrating Self. The Educational Forum: Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 443-450.
Changing young women's perceptions of CS via outreach

Misperceptions of what computer science is and what computer scientists do are one of the key factors that can influence a woman's decision to pursue an education in computer science. We have developed a curriculum designed to expose young women to a wide range of topics, improve their computer science-related skills and also have a lasting impact on them after the program. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the program suggests that we achieved a moderate level of success, and provides guidance for areas for improvement.
Cholesterol: complexes with metallic salts.

Abstract Cholesterol forms complexes with CaCl2 · 2H2O and with MgCl2 · 6H2O consisting of two molecules of cholesterol and one molecule of inorganic salt. The two complexes have different solubilities in common organic solvents and are unstable in hydroxylic solvents, particularly in water. The reactivity of the Δ5 double bond of cholesterol with bromine is greater in the CaCl2 · 2H2O complex than in the MgCl2 + 6H2O complex, but the reverse is observed for acetylation of the 3β-hydroxyl group of cholesterol in the two complexes. The infrared spectra of the two complexes display slight differences in the 400–1300 cm−1 region. Lattice parameters of the two complexes are similar to those of cholesterol. The relative intensities of the diffracted powder lines are significantly different for the two complexes. The MgCl2 · 6H2O complex shows considerably reduced intensities of the medium and strong lines relative to those of CaCl2 · 2H2O complex and cholesterol. It appears that the unit cell dimensions of cholesterol are not significantly changed upon complex formation with either salt, but that the positional parameters of the two complexes depart significantly from those of cholesterol.
The mortality rate from lung metastases in animals inhaling nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

A study was carried out to determine the interrelationship between the inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (0.4 +/- 0.50 ppm), lung metastases development from circulating cancer cells, and death rate from such metastases. C57 BL/6J mice were used in these experiments. Animals were divided into control and NO/sub 2/-exposed groups, and were exposed to filtered air and 0.4 ppm of NO/sub 2/, respectively. Following 12 weeks of exposure, all animals were infused intravenously with syngeneic, viable B16 melanoma cells. The results indicate that a subpopulation of NO/sub 2/-exposed animals showed a significant increase in mortality rate during the early part of the experiment. The interpretation is that animals especially sensitive to the NO/sub 2/ insult developed extensive metastases at an early stage. The question raised is whether or not the progression of human cancer is influenced by the inhalation of noxious pollutants in the ambient atmosphere.
Supported Employment for Middle-Aged and Older People with Schizophrenia

Many middle-aged and older people with severe mental illness are interested in working or volunteering. However, very few vocational rehabilitation programs target older clients with psychiatric illness. We examined employment outcomes among 50 middle-aged and older participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in a 12-month randomized controlled trial comparing two work rehabilitation programs: Individual Placement and Support (IPS; a supported employment model) and conventional vocational rehabilitation (CVR). Compared with CVR, IPS resulted in statistically better work outcomes, including attainment of competitive employment, number of weeks worked, and wages earned. Cohen's d effect sizes for these variables were medium to large (.66-.81). Treatment group predicted future attainment of competitive work, but demographic and clinical variables (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, education, illness duration, and medication dose) did not predict employment outcomes. Participants who obtained competitive employment reported improved quality of life over time compared to those who did not. These findings suggest that for middle-aged and older clients with schizophrenia, supported employment results in better work outcomes than does conventional vocational rehabilitation. Furthermore, age was not significantly associated with attainment of competitive work. Finally, the therapeutic value of work is reflected in improved quality of life.
Gastric Emptying in Humans: Influence of Different Regimens of Parenteral Nutrition S. BURSZTEIN-DE MYTTENAERE, K. M. GIL, S. B. HEYMSFIELD, ET AL Am J Clin Nutr 60:244–248, 1994

Controversy exists in the literature regarding the effect of parenteral nutrition on appetite. Earlier, several authors showed that healthy adult males receiving IV nutrition reduced their voluntary food intake by an amount that approximated 80% of the IV calories. 1 This finding suggested a postabsorptive control of oral food intake. In view of this observation, the authors of this study sought to answer two questions: does parenteral nutrition decrease gastric emptying and does the administration of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) alter the rate of gastric emptying?Nine healthy male volunteers between the ages of 20 and 31 years with a mean weight of 72 ± 10 kg were studied. Basal energy requirements were calculated using the Harris-Benedict equation and were estimated to be approximately 1765 kcal/d. All subjects were maintained on a diet consisting solely of an oral liquid supplement composed of 40% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 40% fat (Ensure, Ross Labs, Columbus, OH). Each subject served as his...
The Social Meanings of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Elderly Chinese Immigrants’ Health Practice in the United States

We situate elderly Chinese immigrants’ utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in social contexts (e.g., family and social networks), exploring how TCM is used as a tool, a resource, and a product of meaning-construction in their everyday life. We conducted in in-depth interviews with 20 elderly Chinese immigrants in the United State, exploring the complexity of their understanding and practice of TCM. We used grounded theory to identify the set of meanings that are particular to elderly Chinese immigrants’ use of TCM as a part of their health practice. For our participants, TCM is not just a resource for illness management. Instead, incorporating TCM in their health practice allows them to: (a) perform and reaffirm their cultural identity as Chinese, (b) maintain their moral status and fulfill their social roles, and (c) pass down health knowledge and cultural heritage. Clinical implications were discussed.
Performance and job satisfaction effects on salesperson turnover: A replication and extension

Abstract The present study replicates a salesperson-turnover study reported by Futrell and Parasuraman [28] by examining the strength of the relationship of five dimensions of job satisfaction to propensity to leave for high- and low-performing groups of salespeople. Current knowledge about salesperson behavior is extended by testing the hypothesis that propensity to leave is a strong predictor of actual turnover behavior. The results indicate that performance has a direct influence on turnover. Propensity to leave operates as one of the intervening variables in the turnover process of salespeople. A more complex relationship may exist between job satisfaction, performance, propensity to leave, and actual turnover than that reported by Futrell and Parasuraman [28].
THE PERSONALITY-TRAIT APPROACH TO LEADER EFFECTIVENESS '

Summary.-Noting that the 1989 article by Jaffe, Nebenzahl, and Gocesdyner yields data partially con£irrning prior work, it is recommended that research should focus on identifying the circumstances and personality traits to understand their interaction.
A Revealed Preference Approach to Ranking City Quality of Life

Abstract This paper presents a new method for ranking city quality of life. I use data from the 1980 and the 1990 Census of Population and Housing to rank cities. My approach relaxes the standard "hedonic" method′s assumptions that all city local public goods are observed and that the implicit prices of all skills and apartment attributes are equal across cities. I find that Los Angeles and San Francisco have higher quality of life than Chicago and Houston in both 1980 and 1990. I find that quality of life in New York City fell during the 1980′s.
Static test for a gravitational force coupled to type II YBCO superconductors

As a Bose condensate, superconductors provide novel conditions for revisiting previously proposed couplings between electromagnetism and gravity. Strong variations in Cooper pair density, large conductivity and low magnetic permeability define superconductive and degenerate condensates without the traditional density limits imposed by the Fermi energy (approx. 10(exp -6) g cc. Recent experiments have reported anomalous weight loss for a test mass suspended above a rotating type II, YBCO superconductor, with the percentage change (0.05 - 2.1 %) independent of the test mass' chemical composition and diamagnetic properties. A variation of 5 parts per 10' was reported above a stationary (non-rotating) superconductor. In experiments using a sensitive gravimeter, bulk YBCO superconductors were stably levitated in a DC magnetic field. Changes in acceleration were measured to be less than 2 parts in 108 of the normal gravitational acceleration. This result puts new limits on the strength and range of the proposed coupling between static superconductors and gravity.
Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Effects of patient age and presence of 911 emergency medical services phone access☆

The purpose of this investigation was to determine factors associated with survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, including effects of 911 Emergency Medical Services telephone access and the age of patient. Subjects included 1,753 prehospital cardiac arrest patients in Iowa. Patient survival status and other variables were compared for patients with access to a 911 service with those who did not, and for different age categories, using univariate associations and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The presence of 911 telephone access was significantly associated with survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (9.18% versus 5.35% survival for 911 versus no 911 groups, respectively). This association was partially the result of the significant association of 911 with decreased time from collapse to call for help, decreased time to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and decreased time to first shock (if in ventricular fibrillation [VF]). Younger age was significantly associated with survival in univariate analyses (8.94% versus 6.26% survival for younger versus older age groups, respectively), but this was not an independent association, which is indicated by the lack of significance of age in the multivariate model.
A Bayesian Approach to the Evaluation of a Forecasting System

It is proposed that forecasting systems should be implemented on a trial basis and evaluated in terms of accuracy and/or economic benefits prior to full‐scale implementation. The conventional method of evaluating a forecasting system is to compute one or more error terms. Problems occur when no error term can be calculated. A methodology for evaluating a forecasting system under such conditions, based on Bayesian analysis, is put forward. The forecasting system subjected to the evaluation process was intended to improve the catch volume of a salmon fishery. Data for analysis were derived from the activities of two groups, one using the proposed forecasting analysis and one not using it, and the economic consequences associated with each.
Standard length: not quite so standard

A variety of morphological, behavioral, physiological, and biochemical characteristics are used to identify and classify fishes. In practice though, it is more common to use morphometric measurements (i.e., body length, body depth, head length, eye diameter, jaw length) and meristics (i.e., fin ray, scale, teeth, gill raker, and lateral line pore counts). These morphometric measurements are usually presented as a proportion of either standard or total length. Unfortunately, in early works, it was often vague as to how lengths were taken. In addition, a protocol of how to measure standard length has never been standardized; consequently, several different definitions and interpretations exist. If a standardized protocol was implemented this could make comparisons of new measurements with older ones more difficult if the specimens are damaged, in a fragile state of preservation, or no longer exist. Standard length as a measurement has been in use for over a century, only the name is modern. This study reviews the chronological development of the concept of standard length and provides suggestions as to how ichthyologists should proceed into the next century.
R&D in a “declining” industry (mining): support for the development of revolutionary technologies?

Abstract While many areas of science and technology are receiving increased funding from both industry and government, funding for other areas, especially those related to natural resource production such as mining, is decreasing from all sources. Industrial funding for mining RD federal funding effectively ceased with the abolition of the US Bureau of Mines in 1995. The products of mining are critical to maintain our standard of living, but the process of mining is becoming societally unpalatable in the United States. Revolutionary technologies exist, or are envisioned, which could significantly reduce mining’s environmental impacts. However, there is currently little to no research by industry or the federal government directed at developing and implementing these technologies. It is critical that policy makers understand what various industries are capable of and are willing to do in terms of long-term research and development. There may be areas like mining where external factors, such as environmental well-being, give significant impetus to additional governmental funding, even in the face of apparent indifference by the industry in question.
Evolutionary Fates and Origins of U12-Type Introns

U2-type and U12-type introns are spliced by distinct spliceosomes in eukaryotic nuclei. A classification method was devised to distinguish these two types of introns based on splice site sequence properties and was used to identify 56 different genes containing U12-type introns in available genomic sequences. U12-type introns occur with consistently low frequency in diverse eukaryotic taxa but have almost certainly been lost from C. elegans. Comparisons with available homologous sequences demonstrate subtype switching of U12 introns between termini of AT-AC and GT-AG as well as conversion of introns from U12-type to U2-type and provide evidence for a fission/fusion model in which the two splicing systems evolved in separate lineages that were fused in a eukaryotic progenitor.