cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multivalent Recombinant Protein Vaccine against Coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis is a human respiratory disease that is endemic to the southwestern United States and is caused by inhalation of the spores of a desert soilborne fungus. Efforts to develop a vaccine against this disease have focused on identification of T-cell-reactive antigens derived from the parasitic cell wall which can stimulate protective immunity against Coccidioides posadasii infection in mice. We previously described a productive immunoproteomic/bioinformatic approach to the discovery of vaccine candidates which makes use of the translated genome of C. posadasii and a computer-based method of scanning deduced sequences of seroreactive proteins for epitopes that are predicted to bind to human major histocompatibility (MHC) class II-restricted molecules. In this study we identified a set of putative cell wall proteins predicted to contain multiple, promiscuous MHC II binding epitopes. Three of these were expressed by Escherichia coli, combined in a vaccine, and tested for protective efficacy in C57BL/6 mice. Approximately 90% of the mice survived beyond 90 days after intranasal challenge, and the majority cleared the pathogen. We suggest that the multicomponent vaccine stimulates a broader range of T-cell clones than the single recombinant protein vaccines and thereby may be capable of inducing protection in an immunologically heterogeneous human population.
Deep Level Defects in CdTe

We have used two complementary techniques to study deep trapping levels in CdTe single crystals. Samples of undoped, semi-insulating material and p-type material doped with phosphorus or cesium have been examined using transient spectroscopic techniques. Both capacitance transients (DLTS) and photocurrent transients (PITS) have been measured. The DLTS measurements showed several trapping levels in all of the specimens, while the PITS data usually revealed only a single level.
Performance-driven scaling of BiCMOS technology

A BiCMOS scaling analysis is carried out to optimize the performance of digital BiCMOS gates while accounting for the conditions that make the direct application of conventional BJT and MOS scaling rules invalid. A simple set of technological parameters that directly affect BJT and MOS device characteristics in the context of BiCMOS is identified. Scaling of the technological parameters leads to scaling of the device parameters which in turn appear in a comprehensive, accurate delay model. The scaling of logic gate delay under various possible scenarios is investigated and a set of optimal scaling rules is proposed that simultaneously scales all components of gate delay. The optimal rules require a linear reduction in horizontal and vertical dimensions, a linear increase in collector doping, and a square root reduction in supply voltage. When 1 mu m, 5 V, 8 GHz technology is scaled to 0.5 mu m, 3.5 V, 18 GHz according to the optimal scaling rules, a 2* improvement in BiCMOS performance is obtained. Despite the supply voltage reduction BiCMOS maintains a performance advantage of 1.5* over CMOS. >
Design and control of a pneumatic quadrupedal walking robot

The mechanical and electronics design of a quadrupedal walking robot featuring 12 pneumatically actuated degrees of freedom is presented. Control of the robot's joint motions incorporates open-loop damping into the actuation and uses a stance/swing gain scheduler in the joint position controller. The inclusion of these two attributes enables stable and robust joint-level control while attenuating the undesirable oscillatory modes that are commonly associated with pneumatically actuated walking robots. Joint motion trajectories that permit stable walking are developed and implemented in the robot. The combination of these features and techniques is experimentally shown to enable stable walking locomotion of the robot that is not inhibited by unwanted oscillations of significant magnitude.
Design and Demonstration of a New Instrumented Spatial Linkage for Use in a Dynamic Environment: Application to Measurement of Ankle Rotations During Snowboarding

Joint injuries during sporting activities might be reduced by understanding the extent of the dynamic motion of joints prone to injury during maneuvers performed in the field. Because instrumented spatial linkages (ISLs) have been widely used to measure joint motion, it would be useful to extend the functionality of an ISL to measure joint motion in a dynamic environment. The objectives of the work reported by this paper were to (i) design and construct an ISL that will measure dynamic joint motion in a field environment, (ii) calibrate the ISL and quantify its static measurement error, (iii) quantify dynamic measurement error due to external acceleration, and (iv) measure ankle joint complex rotation during snowboarding maneuvers performed on a snow slope. An "elbow-type" ISL was designed to measure ankle joint complex rotation throughout its range (+/-30 deg for flexion/extension, +/-15 deg for internal/external rotation, and +/-15 deg for inversion/eversion). The ISL was calibrated with a custom six degree-of-freedom calibration device generally useful for calibrating ISLs, and static measurement errors of the ISL also were evaluated. Root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) were 0.59 deg for orientation (1.7% full scale) and 1.00 mm for position (1.7% full scale). A custom dynamic fixture allowed external accelerations (5 g, 0-50 Hz) to be applied to the ISL in each of three linear directions. Maximum measurement deviations due to external acceleration were 0.05 deg in orientation and 0.10 mm in position, which were negligible in comparison to the static errors. The full functionality of the ISL for measuring joint motion in a field environment was demonstrated by measuring rotations of the ankle joint complex during snowboarding maneuvers performed on a snow slope.
Hypovolemia and hypotension complicating management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema

After the acute onset of heart failure and in the absence of acute myocardial infarction, plasma volume may occasionally be depleted to the extent that the patient presents with clinical signs of circulatory shock. In five patients, the acute onset of clinical and radiographic signs of cardiogenic pulmonary edema were associated with reduction in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output. The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was within normal limits but a reduction in plasma volume was demonstrated, which is best explained by the rapid translocation of plasma water that represented pulmonary (and most likely also peripheral) edema fluid. The infusion of 5 percent albumin solution significantly increased cardiac output, mean arterial pressure and cardiac work, reversed lactic acidosis, enhanced furosemide-induced diuresis and was followed by a decrease in both clinical and radiographic signs of pulmonary edema. These observations confirm that volume expansion may constitute appropriate treatment for some patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema who may present with hypotension and who are unresponsive to conventional therapy.
Analysis of anaerobic blood cultures in burned patients

The utility of anaerobic blood culturing is often debated in the general population, but there is limited data on the modern incidence, microbiology, and utility of obtaining routine anaerobic blood cultures for burned patients. We performed a retrospective review of the burned patients electronic medical records database for all blood cultures drawn between January 1997 and September 2005. We assessed blood cultures for positivity, organisms identified, and growth in aerobic or anaerobic media. 85,103 blood culture sets were drawn, with 4059 sets from burned patients. Three hundred and forty-five single species events (619 total blood culture isolates) were noted in 240 burned patients. For burned patients, four isolates were obligate anaerobic bacteria (all Propionibacterium acnes). Anaerobic versus aerobic culture growth was recorded in 310 of 619 (50.1%) burned patient blood culture sets. 46 (13.5%) of the identified organisms, most of which were not obligate anaerobic bacteria, were identified from solely anaerobic media. The results of our study suggest that the detection of significant anaerobic bacteremia in burned patients is very rare and that anaerobic bottles are not needed in this population for that indication. However anaerobic blood cultures systems are also able to detect facultative and obligate aerobic bacteria; therefore, the deletion of the anaerobic culture medium may have deleterious clinical impact.
Comparison of Various Poultry House Litter Components for Hide Beetle (Dermestes maculatus DeGeer) Larval Development in the Laboratory

Abstract Hide beetles, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, were reared on various poultry litter constituents in the laboratory. Chicken manure by itself was unsuitable for hide beetle development. The addition of poultry feed or egg yolk to the manure provided a diet that produced significantly more adults with a significantly shorter developmental time than that of controls reared on fishmeal. Addition of egg white to the manure did not produce a similar result. These findings suggest that poultry producers should try to minimize the amount of poultry feed and eggs in the manure pit.
Captive breeding and the reintroduction of Mexican and red wolves

Mexican and red wolves were both faced with extinction in the wild until captive populations were established more than two decades ago. These captive populations have been successfully managed genetically to minimize mean kinship and retain genetic variation. Descendants of these animals were subsequently used to start reintroduced populations, which now number about 40-50 Mexican wolves in Arizona and New Mexico and about 100 red wolves in North Carolina. The original captive Mexican wolf population was descended from three founders. Merging this lineage with two other captive lineages, each with two founders, has been successfully carried out in the captive population and is in progress in the reintroduced population. This effort has resulted in increased fitness of cross-lineage wolves, or genetic rescue, in both the captive and reintroduced populations. A number of coyote-red wolf hybrid litters were observed in the late 1990s in the reintroduced red wolf population. Intensive identification and management efforts appear to have resulted in the elimination of this threat. However, population reintroductions of both Mexican and red wolves appear to have reached numbers well below the generally recommended number for recovery and there is no current effort to re-establish other populations.
A Comparison of Directed Evolution Approaches Using the β-Glucuronidase Model System

Protein engineers can alter the properties of enzymes by directing their evolution in vitro. Many methods to generate molecular diversity and to identify improved clones have been developed, but experimental evolution remains as much an art as a science. We previously used DNA shuffling (sexual recombination) and a histochemical screen to direct the evolution of Escherichia coli β-glucuronidase (GUS) variants with improved β-galactosidase (BGAL) activity. Here, we employ the same model evolutionary system to test the efficiencies of several other techniques: recursive random mutagenesis (asexual), combinatorial cassette mutagenesis (high-frequency recombination) and a versatile high-throughput microplate screen. GUS variants with altered specificity evolved in each trial, but different combinations of mutagenesis and screening techniques effected the fixation of different beneficial mutations. The new microplate screen identified a broader set of mutations than the previously employed X-gal colony screen. Recursive random mutagenesis produced essentially asexual populations, within which beneficial mutations drove each other into extinction (clonal interference); DNA shuffling and combinatorial cassette mutagenesis led instead to the accumulation of beneficial mutations within a single allele. These results explain why recombinational approaches generally increase the efficiency of laboratory evolution.
Absorption and Metabolism of C14-Labeled Tepa by the Boll Weevil

Some aspects of the absorption and metabolism of C14 labeled tepa by the male boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were studied. Topically applied tepa is absorbed almost immediately into the haemolymph, where it reaches a peak in 1—3 hours and then slowly declines. This trend parallels a decline of tepa on the cuticle to 10% within 6 hours. Values of the differential distribution ratio for body parts and organs were determined for injection and for topical treatment on the abdomen. Selective concentration occurred in the foregut, testes, and wings with injection and in the wings only with topical treatment. Radioactivity detected in the spermathecae of females mated to treated males gave presumptive evidence that the sperm was labeled. About 85% of the initial radioactivity was detected in feces, expired CO2 other expired volatiles, and body of injected insects after 2 days. Of the residual radioactivity in the body at 2 days, more than 85% was bound by constituents with low molecular weight.
Compile/run-time support for thread migration

Describes a generic mechanism to migrate threads in heterogeneous distributed environments. To maintain high portability and flexibility, thread migration is implemented at the language level. At compile-time, a pre-processor scans the C and C++ programs to build the thread state, detects possible thread migration points and transforms the source code accordingly. Run-time support helps to migrate the threads physically. Since the physical thread state is transformed into a logical form, and pointers and dynamically-allocated memory in a heap are supported, the proposed solution places no restriction on thread types and migration-enabled systems. We implemented this approach in Strings, a multithreaded-software distributed shared memory system. Some microbenchmarks and performance measurements on the SPLASH-2 suite are reported.
Tourism in Local History and Experience

Keywords: commentary, tourism, historical memory, economic development, representation, cultural resource management, Cherokee, indigenous peoples, Native Americans, North Carolina, North America
Prevention of heart failure.

Abstract Background: The number of people in the United States with heart failure (HF) is expected to rise dramatically as the population ages unless efforts to prevent HF improve. Methods and Results: PubMed/MEDLINE searches were conducted to identify treatment trials of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and diabetes that reported HF incidence. Treatment of hypertension reduces the incidence of HF by approximately 50%, even among very elderly patients. Diuretics, β-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors appear more effective than calcium channel blockers and doxazosin. Hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors reduce the incidence of HF by approximately 20% among patients with hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease. ACE inhibitors reduce HF incidence by 37% among patients with reduced systolic function and by 23% among patients with coronary artery disease and normal systolic function. Observational studies have shown lower HF incidence among people with diabetes with better glycemic control. Unfortunately, all of these effective therapies appear to be underused, and control of hypertension is particularly poor. Conclusions: If clinical practice can live up to the potential shown from clinical trials, the suffering and economic toll imposed by HF can be dramatically reduced. Improved control of hypertension, primary prevention of myocardial infarction, and more widespread use of secondary prevention measures are essential.
Scylla: a smart virtual machine for mobile embedded systems

With the proliferation of wireless devices with embedded processors, there is an increasing desire to deploy applications that run transparently over the varied architectures of these devices. Virtual machines are one solution for code mobility, providing a virtualized processor architecture that is implemented over the individual node architectures. Proposed virtual machines for embedded systems are generally slow and consume significant energy, making them unsuitable for devices with limited processing power and energy resources. Presented is a novel virtual machine architecture, Scylla, specially designed for mobile embedded systems, that is simple, fast and robust. In addition to a basic instruction set, Scylla supports inter-device communication, power management and error recovery. To make on-the-fly compilation extremely efficient, the instruction set closely matches popular processor architectures that can be found in embedded systems today. This paper describes Scylla, along with a preliminary evaluation of its performance, including the costs of the on-the-fly compilation and the overhead of having a virtual machine, based on simulations and measurements on a prototype system.
Proactive Restoration: Planning, Implementation, and Early Results of Silvicultural Strategies for Increasing Resilience against Gypsy Moth Infestation in Upland Oak Forests on the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky

Determining targets in forest restoration is a complicated task that can be facilitated by cooperative partnerships. Too often restoration plans are implemented after adverse events that cause widespread tree mortality, such as drought or insect outbreaks, have occurred. Reactive management precludes the use of preemptive management techniques that can result in more effective restoration. The potential recognition and risks associated with a large-scale mortality event cultivated a proactive partnership among managers, stakeholders, and researchers on the Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky. This partnership resulted in the development of innovative proactive approaches to mitigate the negative impacts of threat of declining forest health, thus reducing the need for untested and expensive postdisturbance restorative operations. The partnership comprised four Research Work Units in the USDA Forest Service (including the Northern and Southern Research Stations), three universities (one land grant and two liberal arts), two natural resource state agencies, private logging contractors, an electrical utility, and National Forest system personnel at the district, forest supervisor, and Washington office levels. We tested forest management prescriptions designed to meet targets for future forest conditions. The goal of the silviculture treatments was to improve forest health and productivity to increase resilience to and/or avoidance of exotic invasive insect defoliation and oak decline. Treatments varied from high levels of disturbance to low levels of disturbance and ranged from even-aged regeneration treatments coupled with prescribed burning to thinning. Research assessed the alteration in species composition and stand structure, the projected regeneration outcomes and the costs and operational efficacy of mechanized forest operations used to implement the treatments. The relatively large scale of the study and diversity of treatments has afforded additional multidisciplinary research activities. Via partnership building and information and technology sharing, this project has been sustained for 10 years.
Heat transport in micron thick a-Si: H films

Abstract The thermal conductivity of a-Si: H thin films is determined in the temperature range 80–400 K in order to test recent theoretical calculations of heat transport in disordered harmonic solids. The hydrogen content of the a-Si:H films was varied from 1 to 20% using reactive magnetron sputtering and the data show little variation with hydrogen content. The low void fraction of these sputtered films and the phonon scattering provided by the film/substrate interface facilitate a quantitative comparison between experiment and theory. A simple extension of the theoretical calculation to include heat transport by long-wavelength phonons results in impressive agreement between experiment and theory.
A Century of Debt Crises in Latin America: From Independence to the Great Depression, 1820-1930

Carlos Marichal contends that the boom-and-bust cycles of Latin American foreign loans result mainly from the fluctuations of the world economy, rather than from errors made in Latin America itself. Marichal shows that the present debt crisis is only a part of an overall pattern in Latin American history--cycles of loan boom and subsequent debt crisis that are heavily influenced by fluctuations of international trade and capital flows. He also reveals the significant role played by those who implement debt policies. Examining the strategies of both lenders and borrowers, he makes it clear that foreign loan negotiations are not only financial tools but also political instruments with broad economic and social consequences. The book analyzes in detail the four major debt crises that took place in Latin America during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Marichal's focus is comparative, since the contracting of foreign loans and their repayment were problems common to virtually all nations of the region. He devotes special attention to explaining the links of these debt crises to the international financial panics of 1825, 1873, 1890, and 1929. The epilogue compares the debt crises of the past with the contemporary Latin American debt crisis.
A HIGHLY IMMUNOREACTIVE PEPTIDE FRAGMENT OF HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE ALPHA SUBUNIT, DISCERNED WITH A NEW, “SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC” RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

hLHα, WHOSE PRIMARY AMINO ACID SEQUENCE IS KNOWN, WAS REDUCED AND S-CARBOXYMETHYLATED (RCM) TO REMOVE SECONDARY AND TERTIARY STRUCTURE. RCM-hLHα WAS UTILIZED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A “SEQUENCE SPECIFIC” RIA. RCM-hLHα RIA REVEALED THAT THE NH2-TERMINAL TRYPTIC PEPTIDE OF hLHα (CONSISTING OF ONLY 32 AMINO ACID RESIDUES) WAS NEARLY AS IMMUNOREACTIVE AS THE ENTIRE RCM-hLHα MOLECULE (CONSISTING OF 89 RESIDUES). NO OTHER TRYPTIC PEPTIDE WAS IMMUNOACTIVE. REDUCED AND S-CARBAMIDOMETHYLATED hLHα, DIFFERING ONLY SLIGHTLY IN STRUCTURE FROM RCM-hLHα, WAS WEAKLY ACTIVE IN THE RCM-hLHα RIA, DEMONSTRATING THE UTILITY OF THIS RIA FOR PRECISE STUDY OF STRUCTURE-IMMUNOLOGIC ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS.
Function and regulation of collecting duct intercalated cells.

Renal intercalated cells (IC) are interspersed among the segment-specific majority (principal) cells of the distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, and collecting duct (71, 144). Ultrastructurally, ICs are distinguished by their dark cytoplasm, high mitochondrial density, cytoplasmic tubulovesicular structures, and apical microprojections (87). There are two major collecting duct IC SUbtypes, and they mediate H+ and HC03 secretion, and CI and K+ reabsorption (116-119, 123). This review focuses on immunocytochemistry and perfused tubule data from ICs of rabbit and rat cortical collecting duct (CCD) and outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD), with emphasis on six areas: (a) functional and immunocytochemical characteristics of IC SUbtypes; (b) axial distribution along the collecting duct; (c) regulation by l3-adrenergic agonists; (d) regulation by systemic acid-base perturbations; (e) regulation by aldosterone; and if> plasticity of IC transporter polarity and expression.
Coccidian parasites of four Panamanian lizard species

Eight species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) are reported from Panamanian lizards. –Eimeria randolphi n. sp. is a biliary parasite of –Gymnopthalmus speciosus (Gymnopthalmidae) with cylindrical oocysts, 29.1 × 16.8 μm (25.0–31.5 × 15.0–18.5), an oocyst length/width index (shape-index, SI) of 1.73 (1.46–2.07) and no polar granule or oocyst residuum. Ovoidal sporocysts are 9.5 × 7.8 μm (9.0–10.5 × 7.0–8.5), with an SI 1.21 (1.06–1.43), a sporocyst residuum and no Stieda body. –E. gymnopthalmi n. sp., an intestinal parasite of –G. speciosus, has round to oval oocysts of 22.4 × 20.5 μm (21–24 × 18–23), an SI of 1.09 (1.00–1.28) and no polar granule or oocyst residuum. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 8.9 × 7.7 μm (8–10 × 7–9), with an SI of 1.16 (1.06–1.29), a prominent sporocyst residuum and no Stieda body. –E. lepidophymae n. sp. parasitises the gall-bladder of –Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Xantusiidae) and has cylindrical oocysts of 36.7 × 18.5 μm (34.0–40.0 × 16.0–20.5), an SI of 1.99 (1.79–2.31) and no polar granule or oocyst residuum. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 10.3 × 8.8 μm (9.0–11.0 × 8.0–9.5 μm), with an SI of 1.17 (1.06–1.29), a sporocyst residuum and no Stieda body. –E. limifronsi n. sp. parasitises the intestine of –Anolis limifrons (Polychrotidae). Oocysts are oval, 22.5 × 16.0 μm (20.0–26.0 × 14.5–17.5), an SI of 1.41 (1.18–1.73) and no polar granule or oocyst residuum. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 8.4 × 7.5 μm (7.5–9.0 × 7.0–8.5), an SI of 1.13 (1.00–1.29), a small sporocyst residuum and no Stieda body. –Isospora limifronsi n. sp. parasitises –A. limifrons and has oval to round oocysts with a rough, pitted wall, 24.5 × 22.4 μm (20–27 × 19–25), an SI of 1.09 (1.00–1.23) and no oocyst residuum or polar granule. Ovoidal sporocysts are 14.7 × 10.2 μm (13–17 × 9–13), with an SI of 1.44 (1.27–1.58), a central sporocyst residuum, Stieda body and a prominent, homogeneous sub-Stieda body. –Anolis limifrons is also parasitised by –I. achiotensis n. sp. The oval to round oocysts are 22.0 × 19.8 μm (20–24 × 18–22.5), with a smooth wall, an SI of 1.11 (1.05–1.25) and no oocyst residuum or polar granule. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 12.6 × 9.5 μm (11–14.5 × 7.5–11), have an SI of 1.32 (1.10–1.60), a small central residuum often hidden by sporozoites, and no Stieda or sub-Stieda body. –I. gonatodi n. sp., from –Gonatodes albogularis fuscus, has oval to round oocysts 23.0 × 21.8 μm (20–25 × 19–24), an SI of 1.06 (1.00–1.16) and a variably present oocyst residuum. Sporocysts, 12.0 × 9.6 μm (10–14 × 9–11), with an SI of 1.25 (1.10–1.44), have no Stieda or sub-Stieda body. A sporocyst residuum comprised of loosely adherent or scattered, irregular granules is present. Panamanian –Gonatodes albogularis fuscus are also parasitised by –I. albogularis.
DNA structural variants as genetic risk factors for the long QT syndrome.

The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare, inborn heart condition in which delayed repolarization of the heart following a heartbeat increases the risk of episodes of torsades de pointes ([1,2][1]). These episodes may be provoked by numerous stimuli and, in extreme cases, may lead to sudden death due to
Channel-adaptive unequal error protection for scalable video transmission over wireless channel

Scalable video delivery over wireless link is a very challenging task due to the time-varying characteristics of wireless channels. This paper proposes a channel-adaptive error control scheme for efficiently video delivery, which consists of dynamically channel estimation and channel- adaptive Unequal Error Protection (UEP). In our proposed channel-adaptive UEP scheme, a bit allocation algorithm is presented to periodically allocate the available bits among different video layers based on varying channel conditions so as to minimize the end-to-end distortion. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme is efficient under various channel conditions.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Spins of the 3.854-MeV and 7.026-MeV levels in F 17 from O 16 ( p → , p ) O 16

The spin and parity of the 7.026-MeV level in $^{17}\mathrm{F}$ has been determined to be $\frac{5\ensuremath{-}}{2}$ on the basis of excitation-function measurements of $^{16}\mathrm{O}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p},p)^{16}\mathrm{O}$. The $\frac{5\ensuremath{-}}{2}$ assignment to the 3.854-MeV level was also confirmed.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{16}\mathrm{O}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p},p)$, $E=3.470,6.833$ MeV measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, $P(\ensuremath{\theta})$. Natural solid target.]
Reproductive Biology of Wild Canis (Canidae) in Arkansas

Reproductive organs from 136 male and 127 female wild canids collected during each month from July 1968 through February 1972 in Arkansas were examined. The maximum potential breeding period for male coyotes extended from late November through March. Pregnant female coyotes examined bred from mid-February through the first week of March. Some male coyotes appeared capable of mating during their first breeding season. No female coyotes taken during their first potential breeding season or before their second season had mated. Approximately 74 percent of the female coyotes captured during or after their second breeding season were pregnant or had produced pups. An average of 6.2 ova were produced per breeding female coyote per season, of which an average of 4.5 implanted and developed into embryos. The breeding season of other canids examined, including wild dogs, a possible red wolf, coyote × dog hybrids, and coyote × red wolf hybrids, overlapped with those of coyotes indicating that hybridization is physiologically possible.
Distortion of Ballistocardiograms; Natural Frequency of Oscillation of Human Mediastinum at Necropsy.∗:

Summary and Conclusions1. The motion of the mediastinum, relative to thoracic skeleton, was studied in cadavers, using photoelectric recording of oscillations after tapping the heart of cadavers with the thoracic cage intact except for removal of 2 costal cartilages. 2. In very cold bodies frequencies of the mediastinum were as low as 2/sec. and damping nearly 100%. In 10 fresh, warm cadavers the average frequency of oscillation was 8/sec. and damping varied from 40 to 86% of critical with an average of about 65%. In a given subject, there was variation in frequency and damping in the 3 planes, so that forces may not be equally transmitted in these planes. 3. Distortion of ballistocardiographic forces in transmission from mediastinum to skeleton should be less than taht in transmission from throacic skeleton to a high frequency table, or to the head or tibiae in direct recording of head-foot waves, because the natural frequency is not as close to that of the ballistocardiographic waves.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON GERMICIDAL EFFICACY AND STABILITY OF THREE KINDS OF 84 LIQUID DISINFECTANTS

Objective In order to know the germicidal efficacy and stability of three kinds of 84 liquid disinfectants mainly containing sodium hypochlorite.Methods Suspension quantitative germicidal test and physical and chemical analysis were used to test the three kinds of 84 liquid disinfectants.Results The initial available chorine content and pH value of three kinds of 84 liquid disinfectants fulfilled the requirement of health quality and technical specification of sodium hypochlorite disinfection.The killing logarithm values of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in suspension exposed to the diluted solution of number 1 product containing available chlorine l00 mg/L for 10 min were higher than 5.00.The killing logarithm values of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans in suspension exposed to the diluted solution of Number 1 product containing available chlorine 200 mg/L for 10 min were higher than 5.00.The accelerated stability test showed that the available chorine of the number 1 product decreased over 48.80%.Number 2 produce didn"t pass the occelerated stobilitest and it only had germicidal effect of two kinds hygienic indicator bacteria within 2 time of the specification.Number 3 product passed the accelerated stability test but the germicidal efficacy killing three kinds hygienic indicator bacteria didn't meet the requirements of the specification.Conclusion All of three kinds of 84 liquid disinfectants in the experiment are unqualified products.Market supervision must be strengthened.
Move towards New Real Learning from Old Real Learning——And concurrently talks about the Chinese culture characteristic of Mao Zedong's philosophy thought

Chinese ancient philosophy have one real learning tradition in history,and it advantage and quintessence are practically and realisticly seeking truth from facts,causing,spending,running a country and making the country prosperous by generation,its shortcoming and dross are idealist conception of history,the system is numerous and jumbled,serving for the exploiting class rule.We can say that history is that one move towards new real learning from old real learning in the modern China's philosophy history.The dogmatists in the Communist Party of China act counter to China's ancient real learning spirit.The Chinese Party members represented by Mao Zedong keep up with changing times,and in the course of Marxist philosophy's China,based on China's reality,pass this outstanding cultural form of Chinese nation of China's ancient real learning,have realized the general truth of Marxism is combined with concrete practice of Chinese revolution and subsequent construction,have created China Marxist philosophy—Mao Zedong's philosophy thought,develop into the old real learning of ancient times in China contemporary Chinese new real learning.
The technical aspects of biofeedback therapy for defecation disorders

Neuromuscular conditioning using biofeedback techniques is a useful method of treatment for patients with refractory defecation disorders such as fecal incontinence or constipation with obstructive defecation. This article provides current perspectives regarding the principles and techniques of performing biofeedback therapy. In patients with incontinence, the goals are to improve the strength of the anal sphincter, improve sensory perception, and improve coordination between the rectum and anal sphincter. In patients with obstructive defecation, the goals are to relax the anal sphincter, improve rectoanal coordination, and improve sensory perception. Neuromuscular conditioning is an instrument-based learning technique. Over the years, several devices and methods have become available for performing this training, but no single method is either superior or universally popular. The three modalities that are commonly used for neuromuscular conditioning are visual, verbal, and audio feedback. Ideally, the training program should be customized for each patient based on the underlying dysfunction(s). After biofeedback therapy, symptomatic improvement has been reported in 70 to 80% of patients with either incontinence or obstructive defecation. Recent studies also demonstrated objective improvement in anorectal function. In the future, it is likely that simpler and user-friendly, solid-state computerized systems may facilitate a wider use of this treatment.
Body image and physical activity among Latina and African American women.

OBJECTIVES Obesity in African American (AA) and Hispanic or Latina (HL) women has been partly attributed to low physical activity (PA) and cultural influences on body image. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among body mass index (BMl=kg/m2), body image perception (perceived and desired) and PA. DESIGN The current study is a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of the Health Is Power (HIP) project (1R01CA109403). SETTING Women residing in Harris County, Houston and Travis County, Austin, Texas were recruited to participate in the study. PARTICIPANTS Over four hundred (N=410) AA (N=262) and HL (N=148) women participated in the HIP project and were included in the current study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BMI, Pulvers' body image, PA and demographic data were collected from each participant. RESULTS Women (mean age=45.2 yrs) were educated (44% college graduates) and obese (mean BMI =34.6 kg/m2). Less than half perceived themselves correctly regardless of actual weight and ethnicity (P<.001). Nearly three-fourths of AA (73.9%) and less than half of HL (42.9%) women who were normal weight desired to be obese, and only 39.4% of AA and HL women desired to be normal weight. Women varied on measures of PA (P<.05). Regression analyses showed objectively measured PA was significantly associated with BMI and ethnicity (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Results reveal dichotomous distortion in body images. Women need strategies to perceive normal weight as desirable for health and beauty, leading to increased PA and reducing obesity.
Synthesis and Reactions of 3d Metal Complexes with the Bulky Alkoxide Ligand [OCtBu2Ph]

Treatment of NiCl2(dme) and NiBr2(dme) (dme = dimethoxyethane) with 2 equiv of LiOR (OR = OCtBu2Ph) forms the distorted trigonal planar complexes [NiLiX(OR)2(THF)2] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) 5 (X = Cl) and 6 (X = Br). The reaction of CuX2 (X = Cl, Br) with 2 equiv of LiOR affords the Cu(I) product Cu4(OR)4 (7). The same product can be obtained using the Cu(I) starting material CuCl. NMR studies indicated that the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) is accompanied by the oxidation of the alkoxide RO– to form the alkoxy radical RO•, which subsequently forms tert-butyl phenyl ketone by β-scission. Treatment of compounds 1–4 ([M2Li2Cl2(OR)4], M = Cr–Co) with thallium hexafluorophosphate allowed the isolation of the distorted tetrahedral complexes of the form M(OR)2(THF)2 for M = Mn (8), Fe (9), and Co (10). Cyclic voltammetry performed on compounds 8–10 demonstrated irreversible oxidations for all complexes, with the iron complex 9 being the most reducing. Complex 9 shows a reactivity toward PhIO and Ph3SbS to form th...
Bile salt receptor complex activates a pathogenic type III secretion system

Bile is an important component of the human gastrointestinal tract with an essential role in food absorption and antimicrobial activities. Enteric bacterial pathogens have developed strategies to sense bile as an environmental cue to regulate virulence genes during infection. We discovered that Vibrio parahaemolyticus VtrC, along with VtrA and VtrB, are required for activating the virulence type III secretion system 2 in response to bile salts. The VtrA/VtrC complex activates VtrB in the presence of bile salts. The crystal structure of the periplasmic domains of the VtrA/VtrC heterodimer reveals a β-barrel with a hydrophobic inner chamber. A co-crystal structure of VtrA/VtrC with bile salt, along with biophysical and mutational analysis, demonstrates that the hydrophobic chamber binds bile salts and activates the virulence network. As part of a family of conserved signaling receptors, VtrA/VtrC provides structural and functional insights into the evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by bacteria to sense their environment.
Von Richter reaction

Treatment of nitroarenes with cyanide to result in carboxylation at the ortho position of the nitro group.
The challenge of private practice in neuropsychology: Overview of key issues and effective solutions

In the scientist–practitioner model for private practice in neuropsychology, one can thoughtfully plan work to create a career life that incorporates some of the best features of each world─the institutional and the self-employed. This approach allows for an ongoing refinement of activities in a manner that hopefully avoids or reduces some of the more egregious effects of bureaucracies and institutions, and that offsets some of the negative aspects of private practice. One of the major challenges in a scientist-practitioner model of private practice is to preserve what is best about the academic and clinical aspects of full-time institutional work, while reducing the less attractive features such employment can bring. On the positive side of the ledger, institutions such as hospitals, clinics, or universities typically provide an array of supports for their professional staff. This usually includes a regular salary, office space, transcription support, scheduling help, at least some built-in referrals from other departments, and billing and collections personnel. Paid sick leave, vacation days, and perhaps some financial support for continuing education are also part of the package. In addition, one may have on-site opportunity for grand rounds or other in-service training. A regular contact with like-minded colleagues can provide very helpful interpersonal and professional support and stimulation.
The impact of pharmacy discharge planning on continuity of care.

ABSTRACTMaintaining high quality patient care following hospital discharge is essential for complete recovery and continued well-being. Historically, pharmacist participation in discharge planning has been minimal and has been frequently limited to last minute patient counselling. Hospital pharmacists can contribute to the continuity of patient care by summarizing changes made to a patient's therapy, their rationale, and future considerations in a discharge report to the family physician and/or community pharmacist.In this study, pharmacy discharge summaries were prepared for inclusion in the discharge report to the family physician. Summaries were also forwarded to the community pharmacist, where appropriate. Two types of pharmacy summaries completed were "Rationale for Inpatient Changes" (RIC) and "Recommendations for Future Changes" (RFC) summaries. Evaluation forms accompanying the summaries elicited very favourable responses. An independent review group of two physicians and two pharmacists rated the potential for reduction of patient mortality/morbidity as either marked, modest, minor or negligible; most of the summaries were evaluated as having a "modest" impact. Workload associated with preparation of pharmacy summaries would require additional pharmacy staff. Direct and indirect cost savings, including decreased drug costs and avoidance of drug complications and hospital readmissions, are associated with this service.RESUMEDes soins de premiere qualite apres le, conge de l'hopital sont essentiels a un retablissement complet et au bien-etre du patient. Le pharmacien n'a jamais beaucoup participe a la planification du conge. Sa participation se limitait frequemment a des conseils de derniere minute au patient. Les pharmaciens d'hopitaux peuvent concourir a la continuite des soins en resumant les changements apportes a la therapie du malade, en expliquant la raison des changements et en signalant les aspects a surveiller subsequemment dans un rapport qui sera communique au medecin de famille et(ou) au pharmacien communautaire.Dans la presente etude, des resumes de ce genre ont ete rediges en vue d'etre annexes au rapport final destine a l'omnipraticien. On a prepare deux sortes de sommaire pharmaceutique: le premier expliquant les modifications apportees au traitement et le second formulant des recommandations pour les changements subsequents. Le formulaire d'evaluation accompagnant ces documents a donne lieu a des reactions tres enthousiastes. Un comite independant compose de deux medecins et de deux pharmaciens a evalue les possibilites de reduction du taux de mortalite ou de morbidite du patient (importantes, modestes, mineures ou negligeables). Dans la plupart des cas, on a attribue la cote «modeste» au resume. La charge de travail associee a la redaction des resumes exigerait une augmentation du personnel de la pharmacie. Ce service entrainerait des economies directes et indirectes, notamment une reduction du cout des medicaments et l’elimination de certaines complications pharmaceutiques et, readmissions a l'hopital.
Suppression of surface wave in printed antennas by using a uniaxially conducting cover layer

In this paper, we present a new printed antenna design with a uniaxially conducting cover layer. The surface-wave suppression condition is established by using the transverse resonance technique. The radiation efficiency of the proposed design is computed by performing Fourier space-spectral integration and residue calculus. By properly adjusting the parameters of the multilayered design, the surface-wave power can be completely eliminated at the design frequency. The required design conditions and useful practical guidelines are given.
A Rate of Passage

In “Temporal Passage and the ‘No Alternate Possibilities Argument’”, Jonathan Tallant takes up one objection based on the observation that if time passes at the rate of one second per second there is no other possible rate at which it could pass. The argument rests on the premise that if time passes at some rate then it could have passed at some other rate. Since no alternative rate seems to be coherent, one concludes that time cannot pass at all. The obvious weak point of the NAP is the premise itself.
Cardiomyocyte‐Specific Telomere Shortening is a Distinct Signature of Heart Failure in Humans

BackgroundTelomere defects are thought to play a role in cardiomyopathies, but the specific cell type affected by the disease in human hearts is not yet identified. The aim of this study was to sys...
Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis: Simple Presentation of a Not So Simple Dermatological Condition

Cutaneous vascular malformations are rare disorders that are often confused with more common infantile hemangiomas. We report the case of a female infant who presented with phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIA with features of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.
A high-order adaptive algorithm for multispecies gaseous flows on mapped domains

Abstract A fourth-order accurate finite-volume method is developed and verified for solving strongly nonlinear, time-dependent, compressible, thermally perfect, and multispecies gaseous flows on mapped grids that are adaptively refined in space and time. The algorithm introduces a new scheme for numerical flux calculations in order to cope with the nonlinear, spatially and temporally varying thermodynamic and transport properties of the gaseous mixture. The fourth-order numerical error convergence and solution accuracy are verified using Couette flow, species mass diffusion bubble, and vortex convection and diffusion problem. The thermally perfect, multispecies functionality is validated using a one-dimensional shock tube and two-dimensional shock box problem. Results are obtained for the Mach reflection problem where a strong shock propagates in the multispecies gaseous flow along a ramp and are compared to the solution of the shock propagation in a single species, calorically perfect, gaseous flow over the same ramp. The validated algorithm is then applied to simulate a relatively complex flow configuration to examine the secondary flow mixing due to the double air jets along with the main inlet where a premixed fuel mixture flows in. Future investigations will focus on three-dimensional configurations.
New Imaging Techniques in the Staging of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder

The surgical treatment of bladder cancer ranges from simple transurethral resection to radical cystectomy with or without perioperative chemotherapy. As such, staging is a key driver of therapy. While conventional imaging techniques clearly play a central role in the assessment of bladder cancer, assessment of disease extent could be improved. As such, multiple new imaging modalities have sought to improve staging and in doing so improve cure rates. The focus of this chapter will be to highlight the current state-of-the-art with respect to use of newer magnetic resonance (e.g. diffusion-weighted MRI (DW MRI), dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE MRI), MRI lymphography) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques to improve assessment of local and metastatic disease.
THE CALCULATION OF BASE FLOW AND NEAR WAKE PROPERTIES BY THE METHOD OF INTEGRAL RELATIONS

Abstract The singular points in the recompression region of the wake behind a hypersonic re-entry body (with a flat base) are analyzed using the Method of Integral Relations. It is shown that the critical point just downstream of the wake reattachment point is a saddle point. Integral curves are generated connecting this point with the base flow region.
Solar & Stellar Coronae

The one great point of similarity between the coronae of hot and cool stars is that both are spatially extended regions of more-or-less tenuous gas that is flowing outward, and at least some of which is at a temperature in excess of 106K. Coronae defined in this way are almost universal among stars—excepting cool supergiants—but this similarity may hide significant differences in the processes that produce coronae. There are two rather different paradigms for their origin: the cool-star paradigm and the hot star paradigm.