cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Cisplatin-Induced Neuropathy in Mice

Sativex, a cannabinoid extract with a 1 : 1 ratio of tetrahydocannabinol and cannabidiol, has been shown to alleviate neuropathic pain associated with chemotherapy. This research examined whether tetrahydocannabinol or cannabidiol alone could attenuate or prevent cisplatin-induced tactile allodynia. In experiment 1, mice (C57BL/6) received eight administrations of 2.3 mg/kg cisplatin or saline solution IP every other day to induce tactile allodynia. Mice were then administered vehicle, 100 mg/kg gabapentin, 2 mg/kg tetrahydocannabinol, or 2 mg/kg cannabidiol IP and tested 60 min later on an electronic Von Frey. In experiment 2, prevention studies, cannabidiol (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) or tetrahydocannabinol (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) was given IP 30 min prior to cisplatin administration (2.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) utilizing a six-dose alternate day protocol. In both studies, tactile responses to the hind paws were quantified in g of force using an electronic Von Frey prior to and after the cisplatin administration protocol. Cisplatin produced a reduction in g of force indicative of neuropathy that was attenuated by gabapentin, tetrahydocannabinol, and cannabidiol but not prevented by either cannabinoid. These data demonstrate that each of the major constituents of Sativex alone can achieve analgesic effects against cisplatin neuropathy.
Mechanical injury alters volume activated ion channels in cortical astrocytes.

Although astrocytic swelling is likely to mediate brain edema and high ICP after traumatic brain injury, the mechanism is not understood. We employed whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology and a stretch injury model to understand whether volume regulating ion currents are altered following cell injury. Mixed rat astrocytes and neurons were co-cultured on deformable silastic membranes. Mild-moderate cell injury was produced using a timed pulse of pressurized air to deform the silastic substrates by 6.5 mm. Then, ion currents were recorded with patch clamp methods. Cells were held at —65 mV and were stepped to +10 mV to monitor current changes.
Abstract 10639: Activated Protein C Protects Against Ischemic Injury by Activating AMPK Signaling and Regulating Substrate Metabolism

Background- Activated Protein C (APC) is a natural anticoagulant protein, with recently discovered anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. We recently unveiled that APC can limit cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and is independent of its anticoagulant activity. Here, we elucidate the signaling pathways by which APC mediates its salutary actions. Methods and Results- FVB/NJ mice were subjected to 20 min ischemia via left coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hr reperfusion. APC was injected via tail vein (0.2 μg/g) 5 min before reperfusion. Myocardial infarction (MI) was significantly reduced in the APC group (14.4 ± 2.1% vs. 30.9 ± 2.9% saline control, n=4-5 per group, p vs. saline control, p vs. 43±6% control, p =NS), suggesting that AMPK mediates the APC’s cardioprotection against ischemic injury. Moreover, APC attenuated I/R-induced c-Jun N terminal protein kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, and decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-6 (all p vs. I/R alone). However, the inhibition of JNK signaling by APC was abrogated in AMPKα2 KO mice, indicating that AMPK was involved in the regulation of ischemia-induced inflammation. To further address how the APC-AMPK cascade modulates inflammation and metabolism in the ischemic heart, isolated WT hearts (n=4 each group) were subjected to 20 min global ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion with or without APC treatment in an ex vivo perfused system. The results demonstrated that APC increases cell surface of glucose transporter GLUT4 (2 fold vs. control, p vs. 0.38 ± 0.13 µmol/min/g, p vs. 0.011 ± 0.004 µmol/min/g, p Conclusions- APC protects against myocardial ischemic injury by triggering AMPK signaling pathway, which modulates substrate metabolism and inflammatory response.
Dural Venous Sinus Diameters in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Correlation with History of Stroke in a Case-Control Study.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the diameters of the dural venous sinuses (DVSs) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) with healthy controls and determine whether the size has any correlation to history of cerebral infarct among children with SCD. METHODS A retrospective review compared demographics, medical history and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) findings in children with SCD with those in controls. Venous sinus diameters were measured on MRV in all subjects by the authors, who were blinded to the children's clinical history. The study cohort included 38 MRVs in children with SCD and 38 control subjects. RESULTS Statistical comparison showed children with SCD had significantly (P < 0.05) larger DVS diameters than controls. Among children with SCD with a history of stroke or silent infarct, DVS diameters were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Children with SCD had larger DVS diameters than did controls, regardless of the former group's history of cerebral infarct. The difference in size of venous sinuses is important to be aware of during the interpretation of neuroimaging studies to avoid unneeded additional imaging or referral.
Treatment and prevention of running injuries: A content analysis of 2015 running magazines

Runners often attribute injuries to factors for which there is little or no scientific support (Saragiotto et al., 2014). This may arise from seeking information about running-related injuries (RRI) from sources, such as running magazines, rather than from medical professionals (Russell & Wiese-Bjornstal, 2015). The purpose of this study was to explore what popular running magazines tend to present as most common causes of, prevention and treatment strategies for, RRI. A content analysis was conducted of 2015 running magazines with the highest subscription rates that targeted recreational runners; namely, Running Times, Runner's World, and Women's Running. Most frequently, these magazines focused on general injuries, IT band injuries, stress fractures, and knee injuries. The most commonly cited causes of RRI were muscular imbalances, improper training, and insufficient stretching; most commonly cited prevention strategies were foam rolling, strength training, and stretching; most commonly cited treatment strategies were ice, rest, strength and cross training, medical intervention. Consistent with previous research on runners' understanding of injury, these magazines presented causes, prevention and treatment strategies that often lack scientific support (Saragiotto et al., 2014). Finch's (2006) injury prevention framework illustrates the potential problems with runners having inaccurate beliefs about injuries. Specifically, if runners have inaccurate beliefs about RRI, they are likely to engage in non-evidence-based behaviors (e.g., stretching, ice) potentially at the expense of evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies (e.g., rest).
Ion-Specific Interfacial Crystallization of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles

Ion-specific effects on the assembly and crystallization of polyethylene-glycol-grafted Au nanoparticles (PEG-AuNPs) at the vapor–liquid interface are examined by surface sensitive synchrotron X-ray scattering methods. We show that monovalent salts, such as KCl and NaCl, that do not advance phase separation of pure PEG at room temperature induce two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly and crystallization of PEG-AuNPs with some distinctions. Whereas for KCl the 2D hexagonal coherence length of the PEG-AuNP superlattices is remarkably large compared to other salts (over micron-sized crystalline grains), NaCl induces coexistence of two hexagonal structures. Using various salts, we find that the value of the lattice constant is correlated to the ionic hydration entropy consistent with the Hofmeister series.
The Primary Care Provider as Advocate

Primary care providers in pediatrics are in the unique situation of being able to tell the real-life stories that would promote advocacy in support of specific legislative policies to benefit children. These providers are greatly concerned about creating a safe environment to nurture children’s healthy growth and development. This includes making essential preventive services available to all children, such as immunization and developmental screenings, and providing follow-up with referrals to make sure that families get the services they need, and that public policy reflects the needs of infants, toddlers, and children across their developmental stages, especially those children that face additional challenges. The health profession is an important first responder and expert in the community and is an appropriate messenger to advocate for policies that promote child and family health and well-being (American Academy of Pediatrics 2015a).
DMTS is an effective treatment in both inhalation and injection models for cyanide poisoning using unanesthetized mice.

Context: Cyanide (CN) is a metabolic poison, halting ATP synthesis by inhibiting complex IV of the electron transport chain. If exposed at high enough concentrations, humans and most animals can di...
A histogram statistical method for the detection of localized faults in deep groove ball bearing

This study aims to use the histogram statistical method to establish a deep groove ball bearing fault diagnosis strategy. First, statistical indicators are used to excavate the fault characteristics buried in the vibration signal, and use the histogram to define the characteristic area for fault diagnosis. The results show that the indicators 1, 3, 6 have better statistical differences. Based on this, the accuracy of pattern recognition for all test data is 100%. Finally, the statistical significance of ball damage was significant, and the results showed high correlation (56∼73%). The correlation between inner race damage model was 49∼57% and healthy model was 52%. As the inner race damage and health model in the statistical sense, there are some similar, so there is a relatively high correlation. In the future research work, it will be committed to mining more representative indicators to enhance the relevance of abnormal characteristics.
InGaAs/InP quantum well infrared photodetector integrated on Si substrate by Mo/Au metal-assisted wafer bonding

Integration of an InGaAs/InP quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) onto a Si substrate was successfully demonstrated via a metal-assisted wafer bonding (MWB) using a Mo/Au metal scheme. The Mo/Au/Mo layer, situated between the QWIP structure and the Si, has shown a well-ordered lamination. It provides a smooth surface with a roughness of about 0.8 nm, as measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results on crystalline quality evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) imply that the MWB could be achieved without any measurable material degradation and residual strain. Temperature dependence of dark current revealed that there is no noticeable change in the dark current properties of the QWIP after bonding on Si, despite that the quantum wells are only 200 nm away from the bonding interface.
Five common coding mistakes that are costing you.

In this article, the author identifies five common coding mistakes and advises physicians on how to keep these costly mistakes from happening in their practices.
Photothermal Studies of pH Induced Unfolding of Apomyoglobin

Conformational dynamic and enthalpy changes associated with pH induced unfolding of apomyoglobin were studied using photoacoustic calorimetry and photothermal beam deflection methods. The transition between the native state and the I intermediate was induced by a nanosecond pH jump from o-nitrobenzaldehyde photolysis. Deconvolution of photoacoustic waves indicates two kinetic processes. The fast phase (τ < 50ns) is characterized by a volume expansion of 8.8 ml mol−1. This process is followed by a volume contraction of about −22 ml mol−1 (τ ∼ 500 ns). Photothermal beam deflection measurements do not reveal any volume changes on the time scale between ∼100 μs and 5 ms. We associate the volume contraction with structural changes occurring during the transition between the native state and the I intermediate. The lack of any processes on the ms time scale may indicate the absence of structural events involving larger conformational changes of apomyoglobin after the pH jump.
High-Average-Power Electron Accelerators for Food Processing

In the last decade, dramatic advances have been made in the physics and technology of accelerators for high power relativistic electron beams (Humphries). Research in this area has been largely directed toward defense applications. Although the technological feasibility of accelerators for defense is uncertain, the technology could lead to valuable commercial applications. This report reviews the field of food processing by accelerator generated radiation. Advances in induction linear accelerators and high power RF accelerators could significantly impact this area.
Dispersion of Pollutants in Open-Channel Laminar Flow

Generalized dispersion theory is used to study the unsteady dispersion of pollutants in open-channel flow. It is shown that the dispersion equation has time dependent coefficients and that it applies only to initial value problems such as the concentration distribution created by an instantaneous source.
Changes in sperm banking rates within the first seven months of a formal male oncofertility program.

e21587Background: Oncofertility counseling is an essential part of the care for cancer patients with risk of infertility. In June 2016, our institution formally initiated a standardized program for...
Far-Field Equivalence Through Equivalent Current Distributions

Accurate antenna manifolds are desired for many signal processing algorithms. In situ antenna measurements are the most accurate way to obtain antenna manifolds on the platform of interest, but are often impractical or impossible to obtain. Instead, combinations of simulations and measurements are used to estimate antenna manifolds on platforms. The antenna under test is measured on a ground plane, and measured data is imported into numerical EM codes to include platform scattering. However, the import of the measured antenna data has limited accuracy and/or can lead to large run time in numerical EM codes. We present a new method to represent measured antennas in EM codes through an aperture current distribution of cross-slots and monopoles. Example results show good agreement with truth data when placed on complex platforms.
Chapter 35 – Family Poxviridae

Poxviruses are large, complex, DNA viruses whose various members infect animals and insects. The term pox derives from the English pocks, referring to blister-like skin lesions that are the hallmark of smallpox and other poxvirus infections. Poxviruses have base-paired DNA genomes that range in size from 130 to 300 kbp. They encode all enzymes needed for RNA and DNA synthesis and replicate in the cell cytoplasm. Poxviruses are also masters of evading innate and adaptive immune responses, using a variety of proteins encoded by their large genomes. Virions are enveloped, their surfaces covered with proteinaceous ridges or tubules. Viewed in thin section, a central tubular region (often dumbbell-shaped) contains DNA. Electron dense lateral bodies are positioned in the curves of the core and are surrounded by the lipid envelope.
Quantization for uniform distributions on stretched Sierpiński triangles

In this paper, we have considered a uniform probability distribution supported by a stretched Sierpinski triangle. For this probability measure, the optimal sets of n-means and the nth quantization errors are determined for all $$n\ge 2$$ . In addition, it is shown that the quantization coefficient for such a measure does not exist though the quantization dimension exists.
Effect of Hologram Windowing on Correlation of 3D Objects

Holograms are recorded, windowed, cropped and correlated. Correlation peak values are extracted as a metric to evaluate correlation of 3D surface features. The effect of hologram windowing on correlation of 3D real objects are investigated.
Impact of implementation of an enhanced recovery program in gynecologic surgery on healthcare costs.

Background Enhanced recovery programs have been associated with improved outcomes after gynecologic surgery. There are limited data on the effect of enhanced recovery programs on healthcare costs or healthcare service use. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in hospital charges for women who undergo surgery for a suspected gynecologic cancer that is managed in an enhanced recovery program as compared with conventional perioperative care. Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent open abdominal surgery for a suspected gynecologic cancer before and after the implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery program. Consecutive patients from May to October 2014 and from November 2014 to November 2015 comprised the conventional perioperative care (before enhanced recovery after surgery) and enhanced recovery after surgery cohorts, respectively. Patients were excluded if they underwent surgery with a multidisciplinary surgical team or minimally invasive surgery. All technical and professional charges were ascertained for all healthcare services from the day of surgery until postoperative day 30. Charges for adjuvant treatment were excluded. Charges were classified according to the type of clinical service provided. The primary outcome was the difference in total hospital charges between the pre–enhanced recovery after surgery and the enhanced recovery after surgery groups. Secondary outcomes were between group differences in hospital charges within clinical service categories. Results A total of 271 patients were included in the analysis (58 patients in the pre–enhanced recovery after surgery and 213 patients in the enhanced recovery after surgery cohort). A total of 70,177 technical charges and 6775 professional charges were identified and classified. The median hospital charge for a patient decreased 15.6% in the enhanced recovery after surgery group compared with the pre–enhanced recovery after surgery group (95% confidence interval, 5–24.5%; P=.008). Patients in the enhanced recovery after surgery group also had lower charges for laboratory services (20% lower; 95% confidence interval, 0--39%; P=.04), pharmacy services (30% lower; 95% confidence interval, 14--41%; P Conclusion Hospital charges and healthcare service use were lower for enhanced recovery patients compared with patients who received conventional perioperative care after open surgery for a suspected gynecologic cancer. Enhanced recovery programs may be considered to be high value in healthcare because they provide improved outcomes while lowering resource use.
MoLLIST: Molecular Line Lists, Intensities and Spectra

Abstract The simulation of astronomical spectra of cool stars, brown dwarfs and exoplanets requires high resolution line lists and absorption cross sections of many molecules. Similar data sets are needed for the Earth’s atmosphere and other planets in our solar system. The requirements for line lists are reviewed and methods used to create them are discussed. Equations to convert between different units are provided. The MoLLIST (Molecular Line Lists, Intensities and Spectra) data compilation is presented and used as an example.
Shall I compare thee…to a robot? An exploratory pilot study using participatory arts and social robotics to improve psychological well-being in later life.

Research suggests that the use of creative, artistic activities in later life may positively impact the psychological well-being of older adults. Social robots have been utilized in research with o...
Prone Positioning of Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Related to COVID-19: A Rehabilitation-Based Prone Team.

Objective Prone positioning is an effective intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An increasing number of patients with ARDS related to coronavirus disease 2019 require prone positioning, which poses a challenge to the intensive care unit staff at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Methods A prone team service of physical therapists and occupational therapists with critical care experience was established to assist with increasing demands for prone positioning of patients who were mechanically ventilated. The goals of the rehabilitation-based prone team were to provide support to nursing and respiratory therapy; create a consistent, efficient process; and ensure patient and staff safety. Results The service evolved over 7 weeks, expanding to 24-hour coverage and adding responsibilities to support the staff as patient volume grew. The volume of requests to the rehabilitation-based prone team generally increased to week 4 and has, since then, declined. Key points for successful implementation included identification of rehabilitation therapists with intensive care unit experience and leadership qualities, multidisciplinary collaboration, availability of needed positioning devices and supplies to protect the integument, and well-defined roles of all disciplines participating in position change process. Conclusion The description of the development, operations, evolution, and utilization of a rehabilitation therapist prone team acts as a guide for future development and implementation. Impact This case report is one of the first reports of a rehabilitation-based prone team established to assist with positioning patients in prone as an intervention for ARDS related to coronavirus disease 2019 and will help guide other institutions.
CO adsorption on MnO(100): Experimental benchmarks compared to DFT

Abstract CO adsorption on the MnO(100) surface was studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and density functional theory (DFT). TPD results show that CO is weakly-bound on MnO(100), with an experimental adsorption energy of -35.6 ± 2.1 kJ/mol at terrace sites in the low coverage limit. PBE simulations suggest that CO adsorption causes an implausible (2 × 2) surface reconstruction. PBE+U simulations show no signs of surface reconstruction, and provide an accurate estimate of the adsorption energy (-36.4 kJ/mol) when combined with the DFT-D3 method with Becke-Jonson damping to correct for van der Waals interactions. This simulation also shows that CO adsorbs C-down onto the Mn2+ terrace site in a tilted geometry, which is also observed experimentally and computationally on the similarly-structured NiO(100) transition metal oxide surface. TPD results for large doses show a plateauing of the coverage at about 0.4 monolayers of CO at 85 K, with a defect coverage equivalent to 0.08 monolayers. Adsorption associated with defect sites is indicated by a high-temperature desorption tail which is not satisfactorily explained by DFT simulations of simple step or oxygen vacancy defects.
Experimental study of plasma contactor phenomena

Results illustrating variations in plasma properties near hollow cathode plasma contactors (for use with electrodynamic tethers and in other charge control applications) are presented. Emphasis is placed on describing results obtained when the plasma contactor is collecting electrons from a simulated ionospheric plasma. Two important results include 1) the observation of a double layer located between the plasma generated by the contactor and the simulated ionospheric plasma and 2) enhanced effectiveness of the electron collection process when the ionization rate within the plasma adjacent to the contactor is increased.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF OCTOPLOID (AABBDDRR) AND HEXAPLOID (AABBRR) TRITICALES

The genetic variability analysis of octoploid and hexaploid triticales, evidenced by the RAPD-PCR method has allowed the triticales’ (hybrids) differentiation in terms of their ploidy levels corresponding to their primary or secondary nature. The molecular genetic distances derived from Dice’s similarity coefficients are based on 84 RAPD markers of which 40 bands are polymorphic (47.61%). The analysis of the matrix shows that the Sorensen–Dice’s indices of similarity vary between 1 and 0 with an average of 0.52. The dendrogram shows a segregation of three groups: The first group is consists of triticales 8x ([Mahon-demias/ Merced], [KVZ/alb/RC9] and [Mahon-demias/RC9]). The second group is constituted of triticales 6x (LAMB 2 and CHREA) and the third group encloses only FAHAD 6x triticale. It clearly exposed an intraspecific variability (i = 0;i = 0.81; i = 1) and also, the presence an intervarietal polymorphism in the hexaploid group (i=0, i=0,12, i=1) . The latter produced a high number of specific RAPDs (16) whereas the octoploid triticales amplified a lower number (2). This result confirmed that the specific markers (RAPD) are conversely proportional to the ploidy levels. The triticale (FAHAD5) could be a choice material and could be used as a gene donor for the accession of hybrid triticales. Despite the genomic kinship, the important genetic distance between octoploids (AABBDDRR) (D 15) was revealed in this study. This is explained by a genetic differentiation between to the ploidy level.
Can Pictorial Attributes Serve Mathemagenic Functions

Using mathemagenic-based research, the authors attempted to determine if the location or type of a picture affects reading comprehension. College students read a passage and then answered multiple-choice questions that assessed different types of incidental learning. Generally, subjects who viewed a picture after reading the passage scored higher than those who viewed before reading.
Zizek/Questions/Failing

In this article I am primarily concerned with presenting Slavoj Žižek as a legal theorist because his diverse writings, which have often been relegated to other disciplines, position him as an important contributor to law and public discourse. I seek to illuminate how he mediates and interrogates the law and demonstrate how his thought is important to the lives of legal thinkers, questions of success and the law, capitalism, political practice, and terrorism. Because Žižek’s scholarship is interdisciplinary and expansive, this article will provide a starting point for further analysis of these subjects with the hope of opening up a broader discursive space where legal scholars might more readily critically engage Žižek’s writings. The article will also be written using Žižekian analysis, showing how Žižek can help us better investigate legal theory.
Transcriptome profiling of maize anthers using genetic ablation to analyze pre-meiotic and tapetal cell types

Oligonucleotide arrays were used to profile gene expression in dissected maize anthers at four stages: after-anther initiation, at the rapid mitotic proliferation stage, pre-meiosis, and meiotic prophase I. Nearly 9200 sense and antisense transcripts were detected, with the most diverse transcriptome present at the pre-meiotic stage. Three male-sterile mutants lacking a range of normal cell types resulting from a temporal progression of anther failure were compared with fertile siblings at equivalent stages by transcription profiles. The msca1 mutant has the earliest visible phenotype, develops none of the normal anther cell types and exhibits the largest deviation from fertile siblings. The mac1 mutant has an excess of archesporial derivative cells and lacks a tapetum and middle layer, resulting in moderate transcriptional deviations. The ms23 mutant lacks a differentiated tapetum and shows the fewest differences from fertile anthers. By combining the data sets from the comparisons between individual sterile and fertile anthers, candidate genes predicted to play important roles during maize anther development were assigned to stages and to likely cell types. Comparative analyses with a data set of anther-specific genes from rice highlight remarkable quantitative similarities in gene expression between these two grasses.
The ZEUS calorimeter first level trigger

In order to separate the interesting physics events from the background without unmanageable deadtime, the ZEUS experiment uses a pipelined trigger and data acquisition system. One of the chief elements of the first level trigger is the Calorimeter First Level Trigger (CFLT). It provides three different categories of information to the Global First Level Trigger (GFLT): numbers of isolated electrons and muons in the calorimeter, patterns of energy deposition derived from local energy sums, and total energy, transverse energy, and missing energy deposited in the calorimeter. The CFLT has to make each step of these calculations, including digitization of the photomultiplier-tube pulse, at a rate of 96 ns in order to keep up with the pipeline. However, in order to reduce the amount of electronics, cables, and crate backplane required, the data are multiplexed in time at several points so that many elements of the system run at faster rates, up to 83 MHz. The CFLT passes trigger information to the GFLT within 2 mu s. >
Retroviral insertions in the murine His-1 locus activate the expression of a novel RNA that lacks an extensive open reading frame.

Abstract The His-1 locus is a common site of viral insertion in murine myeloid leukemias induced by the wild mouse ecotropic retrovirus, CasBrM. In this report, we describe the cloning of a novel gene at the His-1 locus and show that His-1 expression is associated with the transformed phenotype. Northern (RNA) blot analysis identified His-1 transcripts in four transformed myeloid cell lines but in no normal tissues examined. Two of these cell lines were derived from retrovirus-induced myeloid leukemias that harbor integrated proviruses which drive His-1 gene expression by promoter insertion. The two other cell lines expressed a discrete 3-kb His-1 RNA that is derived from a novel gene consisting of three exons that span 6 kb on mouse chromosome 2. The His-1 gene is conserved as a single-copy sequence in multiple vertebrate species and is expressed as a spliced and polyadenylated RNA. A protein-coding region is not evident from analysis of the His-1 sequence because of the presence of multiple small open reading frames, none of which are greater than 219 bp. This lack of an extensive open reading frame is an unusual feature that is shared by other RNA molecules believed to function in the absence of translation.
Clinical inertia during postoperative management of diabetes mellitus: relationship between hyperglycemia and insulin therapy intensification.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the application of insulin regimens in surgical postoperative patients with diabetes. Methods: A chart review was conducted of patients with diabetes who were hospitalized postoperatively between January 1 and April 30, 2011. Analysis was restricted to patients hospitalized for ≥3 days and excluded cases with an endocrinology consult. Insulin regimens were categorized as “basal plus short acting,” “short acting only,” or “none,” and the pattern of use was evaluated by hyperglycemia severity according to tertiles of both mean glucose and the number of glucose measurements >180 mg/dl. Results: Among cases selected for analysis (n = 119), examination of changes in insulin use based on tertiles of mean glucose showed that use of basal plus short-acting insulin increased from 10% in the lowest tertile (mean glucose, 120 mg/dl) to 18% in the highest tertile (mean glucose, 198 mg/dl; p 180 mg/dl (p < .01), but 70% and 12% of patients in the highest tertile still remained only on short-acting insulin or received no insulin, respectively. Conclusions: Use of basal plus short-acting insulin therapy increased with worsening hyperglycemia, but many cases did not have therapy intensified to the recommended insulin regimen—evidence of clinical inertia. Strategies should be devised to overcome inpatient clinical inertia in the treatment of postoperative patients with diabetes.
Confronting Galactic center and dwarf spheroidal gamma-ray observations with cascade annihilation models

Many particle dark matter models predict that the dark matter undergoes cascade annihilations, i.e. the annihilation products are 4-body final states. In the context of model-independent cascade annihilation processes, we study the compatibility of the dark matter interpretation of the Fermi-LAT Galactic center gamma-ray emission with null detections from dwarf spheroidal galaxies. For canonical values of the Milky Way density profile and the local dark matter density, we find that the dark matter interpretation to the Galactic center emission is strongly constrained. However, uncertainties in the dark matter distribution weaken the constraints and leave open dark matter interpretations over a wide range of mass scales.
Diagnosing Lyme disease.

Excerpt To the editors:Uncritical clinical application of the T-cell proliferative assay described by Dressier and colleagues (1) may further confuse the evaluation of patients for Lyme disease. Th...
Present and future synchrotron radiation facilities in Japan

Abstract I was very pleased to be invited by Takehiko Ishii to spend 4 months (September–December 1985) as a visiting scientist at the Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP) of the University of Tokyo. This visit, co-sponsored by Kazuo Huke of the Photon Factory, gave me an excellent opportunity to find out first hand about the status and prospects for synchrotron radiation research in Japan. This article summarizes my observations and discussions during this visit. In an appendix an update on the present status of these facilities is presented, with particular emphasis on the Photon Factory, the largest and most capable facility. The interested reader is referred also to annual activity reports published by the SOR-Ring and Photon Factory labs and planned for 1986 by the UVSOR lab and also to other references listed at the end of this article.
Patterns and correlates of learning, behavior, and emotional problems of adolescents with and without serious emotional disturbance

We created a 40-item teacher rating scale to assess learning, social, and personal problems among students with serious emotional disturbance and no known handicaps. Special and regular educators completed ratings on 269 students with emotional disturbance and 49 nondisabled pupils aged 12–17 across the U.S. We categorized all subjects by race, gender, population density of residence, family status, and age, and students with serious emotional disturbance were also classified by type of placement, length of time in special education, and use of prescriptive medication. Results indicated that (a) adolescents with emotional disturbance had significantly more learning, social, and personal problems than nondisabled peers; (b) both males and females with emotional disturbance had more problems than similar gender nondisabled youth; (c) younger females had more problems than older ones; (d) youth with emotional disturbance in more restrictive placements had more problems than those in less restrictive educational settings; and (e) subjects with emotional disturbance on psychotropic medication had more personal problems than others taking stimulants or no prescription drugs. We discuss the findings related to other similar studies and the need for additional information on the interaction between learning, social, and personal difficulties among students identified as seriously emotionally disturbed.
Comparison of the myosin and actomyosin ATPase mechanisms of the four types of vertebrate muscles.

Abstract The mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by myosin and actomyosin was investigated for the four major classes of vertebrate muscles: fast white (posterior latissimus dorsi), slow red (anterior latissimus dorsi), cardiac and smooth (gizzard). The kinetic behavior of all classes of muscle was consistent with the scheme developed previously for rabbit fast white muscle, but quantitative differences were observed for the rate constants of some of the steps in the hydrolysis cycle. The rate of the hydrolysis step of myosin subfragment-1 was similar for the striated muscles and two to three times smaller for smooth muscle. Two isomerizations of the enzyme occurred in the pathway leading to the formation of the myosin-products intermediate. The rate of dissociation of acto S–1 by ATP was slower for slow muscles and a maximum rate was observed at low temperature. The rate of association of the S-1-products intermediate with actin was equal to the turnover rate of acto S–1 ATPase at low concentrations of actin. The rate of dissociation of ADP from an acto S–1-ADP complex was also much slower for slow muscle. It was shown by Barany (1967) that the maximum turnover rate of actomyosin ATPase (VM) is proportional to the velocity of contraction of the muscle. The only step in the mechanism that is correlated with VM is the apparent second-order rate constant for the formation of a complex of the S-1-product state with actin. The evidence is discussed in terms of a mechanism in which the release of reaction products from actomyosin is the step that is of primary importance in determining the value of VM and the velocity of contraction.
Two-dimensional inverse Laplace transform NMR: altered relaxation times allow detection of exchange correlation

A pulse sequence for a two-dimensional inverse Laplace transform NMR experiment is proposed and demonstrated. The experiment is analogous to the two-dimensional Fourier transform protocol called EXSY, but detects exchange by monitoring alterations in the transverse relaxation time rather than the NMR frequency. The sequence may be useful for measurement of exchange and diffusion of water in vivo and for detecting slow exchange phenomena in glassy polymers. The application of the Fourier transform (FT) to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy' and its extension to multiple dimensions2 has radically altered modern chemistry and medical science; NMR imaging3 and the determination of the structure of proteins in solution4 are two important advances that would be either impossible or orders-of-magnitude more difficult without the FT. The crucial feature of the transformation is the increase in availablespectroscopic resolution. If two signals havedifferent precession frequencies VI and vs as a result of some coherent interaction, the time evolution of the total transverse nuclear magnetization M(r) will be the sum of the time evolution of these two species (M1(t) + Ms(t)), and at every point in time it will be dependent on VI and us. However, the FT will still show resolved signals in frequency space, thus discriminating the contributions of the two species.
A cholesterol-regulated PP2A/HePTP complex with dual specificity ERK1/2 phosphatase activity

The acute depletion of membrane cholesterol causes the concentration of pERK1/2 in caveola/raft lipid domains and the cytosol of human fibroblasts to dramatically increase. This increase could be caused by either the activation of MEK-1 or the inhibition of a pERK phosphatase. Here we describe the isolation of a high molecular weight ( approximately 440 kDa), cholesterol-regulated pERK phosphatase that dephosphorylates both the phosphotyrosine and the phosphothreonine residues in the activation loop of the enzyme. The dual activity in the complex appears to be due to the combined activities of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A and the tyrosine phosphatase HePTP. Acute depletion of cholesterol causes the disassembly of the complex and a concomitant loss of the dual specificity pERK phosphatase activity. The existence of a cholesterol-regulated HePTP/PP2A activity provides a molecular explanation for why ERK activity is sensitive to membrane cholesterol levels, and raises the possibility that ERK plays a role in regulating the traffic of cholesterol to caveolae/rafts and other membranes.
Ethnoracism and the “Sandwiched” Minorities

Using case studies from interviews and focus groups, this article reconceptualizes the meaning of race and racism by examining how members of a multiracial group, Puerto Ricans, experience racism. ...
Comparative behavior of 125I-fibrinogen and 125I-fibrin in solution

Abstract Fibrinogen labelled with 125I by the iodine monochloride method was used to study the behavior of fibrinogen and fibrin in solution. 125I-labelled fibrin in solution was prepared by treating labelled fibrinogen with thrombin and dissolving the clot in 3.5 M urea. Fibrin remained in solution when added to excess (5:1 or more) moles of carrier fibrinogen and subsequent dialysis of the urea. Studies were made of the precipitation conditions for fibrinogen and fibrin in plasma. Fibrin was selectively precipitated by freeze-thawing, ethanol at 0° and by protamine sulphate. Protamine sulfate discriminated between fibrin and fibrinogen more effectively than freeze-thawing or ethanol at 0°. When passed over a Sepharose 4B column to which fibrinogen had been coupled, 125I-fibrinogen eluted at pH 7.4 and 0.15 molarity NaCl. 125I-fibrin was bound to the column at that pH and ionic strength and was not eluted at pH 4.1 in the presence of 1 M NaCl but was eluted by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride at pH 4.1, and with some Sepharose-fibrinogen columns was eluted by 6 M urea at pH 4.1.
Wind-tunnel data sets for complex dispersion model evaluation

Abstract This paper describes an on-going research programme initiated to provide laboratory experimental data sets which can be used to evaluate mathematical models for atmospheric dispersion of liquefied natural gas (LNG) vapour. Experiments have been designed to produce data for the evaluation of model predictions of the dispersion of LNG vapour released from the partial confinement of a diked tank storage facility. Gas concentrations and turbulent velocities are measured for comparison with predictions of three-dimensional numerical models, and the data will be used to evaluate the FEM3A dispersion model for such applications. The experimental facility designed for the research programme and sample data are described.
Valenced attributions and risk in new‐product decisions: How why indicates what's next

Based in a new-product decision-making context, this article poses the question, “how, and to what extent, do prior outcomes, and the reasons given to account for those outcomes, influence a marketing manager's future new-product selection (choice) and support (dollar commitment) decisions?” The study's hypotheses are developed by integrating the motivational qualities of Weiner's attribution theory with the behavioral predictions of four popular risk perspectives: prospect theory, the hot-hand effect, the competency hypothesis, and risk as hazard. The research question is reflected in two sets of hypotheses that experimentally examine the relationship between valenced (was the outcome good or bad) attributions (why did the outcome happen) and changes in the riskiness (chance and size of loss) of managers' new-product introduction decisions. Three-way interactions are found that support the study's attribution-based framework and address predictive differences among the four risk perspectives. Implications for the theories examined and the management of the new-product development process are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Avian feather keratins: Molecular aspects of structural heterogeneity

Solubilized SCM-Keratins from feathers of a tern (Sterna hirundo) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) were fractionated by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Tryptic peptide maps were prepared and amino-acid compositions determined. Subsequent comparison indicated that within each species the FKM were closely related, but separate gene products. Interspecific comparison showed species specificity. The data were compared with the homologous FKM of other species and to amino-acid composition data of the unfractionated SCM-KM from other tissues. These results support the proposition that feather keratins represent a family of closely related gene products. The primary function of the multiplicity of structural elements is in the macro-molecular organization of the tissue. The monomers can self-associate to form both the filamentous structures and an intermolecular matrix. The FKM also provide tissue specific organizational information. The chemical composition and distribution of the different FKM presumably determines the unique morphological and functional aspects of the feathers.
Density, porosity, and pore structure of biofilms

Abstract The spatial distributions of biofilm properties have been investigated. Heterotrophic biofilms were cultured by using rotating drum biofilm reactors which were fed to a synthetic wastewater. The biofilm was first cut into 10–20 μm thick slices by use of a microtome, and then apportioned into samples representing 3 or 4 layers. By measuring total suspended solids, phospholipid concentrations and AR18 dye adsorption, and using these data with the theoretical model developed in this study, the densities, porosities, specific surface area, and mean pore radius of biofilms were determined. It was found that the densities (with units of mg-TS/cm3 total biofilm) in the bottom layers were 5–10 times higher than those in the top layers; the ratio of living cells to total biomass decreased from 72 to 91% in the top layers to 31–39% in the bottom layers; the porosities of biofilms changed from 84 to 93% in the top layers to 58–67% in the bottom layers. In contrast, the mean pore radius of biofilms decreased from approximately 1.7–2.7 μm in the top layers to 0.3–0.4 μm in the bottom layers. The results of this study are helpful in obtaining a much clearer physical description of biofilms.
Linear performance pricing: A collaborative tool for focused supply cost reduction

Abstract Supplier networks and the buyer/supplier relationships that comprise them are becoming increasingly important to effective supply chain management. Trust, collaboration, and efficient sharing of information are critical for true win/win relationships to surface in an environment where there is constant pressure to reduce costs and still maintain reasonable profitability. The use of across-the-board cost reduction demands and simple market clout may not always be the most effective approach in the long run. This paper describes linear performance pricing (LPP), a tool developed for a major automobile OEM in an attempt to effectively and efficiently provide more focused supply cost reductions. LPP is a data-driven methodology relying on a series of regression analyses that McKinsey and Company [2006. Automotive and assembly glossary. 〈http://autoassembly.mckinsey.com/html/resources/glossary/1.asp〉 (accessed 15.01.06)] describes as a “measurement tool that establishes a relationship between the value provided by a given part (performance) and its price.” We maintain that LPP facilitates a collaborative effort on the part of both the buyer and supplier and has the potential for leveraging the increased visibility of the buyer within the supplier network with respect to tier one or tier two suppliers. It helps by focusing cost reduction efforts of the tier one suppliers and provides lateral market visibility they may not have otherwise. Although widely used throughout the automotive industry in the US and Europe, little discussion of LPP is found in the literature. To promote a better understanding of LPP, we present a detailed example and discuss the managerial implications of the approach.
On copositive matrices with −1, 0, 1 entries

Abstract Let E be the set of symmetric matrices in which every entry is 0 or ±1 and each diagonal entry is 1. We characterize those matrices in E which are, respectively, (a) copositive, (b) copositive-plus, (c) positive semidefinite. We characterize those copositive matrices in E which are on extreme rays of the cone of copositive matrices. We give a counterexample to a conjecture of L. D. Baumert about zeros of copositive matrices.