cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Selective and Universal Screening for Suicide Risk in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Importance According to National Patient Safety Goal 15.01.01, all individuals being treated or evaluated for behavioral health conditions as their primary reason for care in hospitals and behavioral health care organizations accredited by The Joint Commission should be screened for suicide risk using a validated tool. Existing suicide risk screens have minimal or no high-quality evidence of association with future suicide-related outcomes. Objective To test the association between results of the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) instrument in a pediatric emergency department (ED), implemented through selective and universal screening approaches, and subsequent suicide-related outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective cohort study at an urban pediatric ED in the United States, the ASQ was administered to youths aged 8 to 18 years with behavioral and psychiatric presenting problems from March 18, 2013, to December 31, 2016 (selective condition), and then to youths aged 10 to 18 years with medical presenting problems (in addition to those aged 8-18 years with behavioral and psychiatric presenting problems) from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018 (universal condition). Exposure Positive ASQ screen at baseline ED visit. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were subsequent ED visits with suicide-related presenting problems (ie, ideation or attempts) based on electronic health records and death by suicide identified through state medical examiner records. Association with suicide-related outcomes was calculated over the entire study period using survival analyses and at 3-month follow-up for both conditions using relative risk. Results The complete sample was 15 003 youths (7044 [47.0%] male; 10 209 [68.0%] black; mean [SD] age, 14.5 [3.1] years at baseline). The follow-up for the selective condition was a mean (SD) of 1133.7 (433.3) days; for the universal condition, it was 366.2 (209.2) days. In the selective condition, there were 275 suicide-related ED visits and 3 deaths by suicide. In the universal condition, there were 118 suicide-related ED visits and no deaths during the follow-up period. Adjusting for demographic characteristics and baseline presenting problem, positive ASQ screens were associated with greater risk of suicide-related outcomes among both the universal sample (hazard ratio, 6.8 [95% CI, 4.2-11.1]) and the selective sample (hazard ratio, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.5-6.5]). Conclusions and Relevance Positive results of both selective and universal screening for suicide risk in pediatric EDs appear to be associated with subsequent suicidal behavior. Screening may be a particularly effective way to detect suicide risk among those who did not present with ideation or attempt. Future studies should examine the impact of screening in combination with other policies and procedures aimed at reducing suicide risk.
Brachial Artery Pseudoaneurysm After Supracondylar Humerus Fracture: A Case Report.

Case A 9-year-old boy with a widely displaced Type-III supracondylar humerus fracture presented with a painful mass at the antecubital fossa after pin fixation. Exploration of the mass caused bleeding from a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm that necessitated repair with a saphenous vein graft. Six weeks later, the fracture had healed without complications. Conclusion We describe an unusual presentation of a pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture that highlights the importance of including vascular injury in the differential diagnosis for similar presentations.
Fluid Mechanics Education Using Japanese Anime: Examples from “Castle in the Sky” by Hayao Miyazaki

Current K-12 and undergraduate students have grown up with constant exposure to visual popular culture (e.g., movies, TV programs, graphic novels, etc.). Because youth find pop culture references in the classroom to be engaging, many science and engineering instructors have shown that examples found in visual pop culture can be used to teach science and engineering concepts. One recent study on the efficacy of using pop culture for instruction found that high school students learning from graphic-novel style comics acquired deeper understanding of complex subject matter and reported higher engagement with the instructional materials as compared to students learning from traditional text materials. Furthermore, the increased engagement with the instructional comics was even greater for students who were less likely to self-identify as a “science person.”
The Siderophore Synthetase IucA of the Aerobactin Biosynthetic Pathway Uses an Ordered Mechanism.

Biosynthesis of the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin requires the activity of four proteins encoded within the iuc operon. Recently, we biochemically reconstituted the biosynthetic pathway and st...
Oncology Nursing Considerations in a Clinical Trials Environment.

Abstract Objective To provide non-research–trained oncology nurses with targeted information they need to know when caring for research participants on clinical trials. Data Sources Professional scopes and standards, published literature, and governmental websites. Conclusion To optimize the safe care of research participants enrolled in cancer clinical trials, oncology nurses must have knowledge of the study team composition, protocol navigation, grading of adverse events, patient education, and communication with clinical research nurses and study teams. Implications for Nursing Practice Oncology nurses are integral to the success of clinical trials and the development of new therapies for cancer patients.
Appearing Differently: Abstraction's Transgender and Queer Capacities (Interview by William J. Simmons)

Interview exploring abstraction's use as a resource for artists working from transgender and queer perspectives. Focus is placed on the resistance to compulsory self-disclosure and to protocols of surveillance and voyeurism. Also discussed is the relation of these ideas to my historical work on the 1960s which makes a case for the widespread urgency of transgender theory by infiltrating canonical narratives and artists.
Relationships between health literacy, having a cancer care coordinator, and long-term health-related quality of life among cancer survivors

Care coordination is a strategy to reduce healthcare navigation challenges for cancer patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the association between having a cancer care coordinator (CCC) and long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to evaluate whether this association differed by level of health literacy. A population-based sample of survivors diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer in 2015 from the Iowa Cancer Registry participated in an online survey conducted in 2017–2018 (N = 368). Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to model the association between patient characteristics and having a cancer care coordinator. Linear regression was used to model the association between patient perception of having a cancer care coordinator and post-treatment physical or mental HRQoL by differing levels of health literacy while controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors. Most survivors (81%) reported having one healthcare professional who coordinated their cancer care. Overall, patient perception of having a coordinator was not significantly associated with physical HRQoL (p = 0.118). However, participants with low health literacy (21%) who had a coordinator had significantly higher physical HRQoL scores compared to those who did not (adjusted mean difference 5.2, p = 0.010), while not so for medium (29%) or high (51%) health literacy (p = 0.227, and p = 0.850, respectively; test for interaction p = 0.001). Mental HRQoL was not associated with having a coordinator in our analyses. Findings suggest that care coordinators improved post-treatment physical HRQoL, particularly for participants with low health literacy. Care coordinators may be beneficial to the most vulnerable patients struggling to navigate the complex healthcare system during cancer treatment. Future research should focus on the mechanisms by which care coordination may affect post-treatment HRQoL.
Systematic ELA Challenges at Post-secondary Institutions: Why Many Two-Year Students Aren’t Prepared for College-Level Writing

As a Professor of Political Science, I have noticed a common thread consistently emerge: many students are not prepared with the proper research and writing skills necessary for Social Sciences degree programs. Throughout this chapter, I will review experiences from my career as a Professor that shed light on the reality of many Community College students’ foundational knowledge of research and methods. Next, I share details of an evaluation of the typical course load of Political Science students at two universities. The information I assemble illustrates concerns related to students being unprepared for Social Science degree programs, due to their lack of experience with researching and writing. Finally, I reveal the best practices I have executed to address the issues I discovered and experienced first hand.
Roy Orbison: Invention Of An Alternative Rock Masculinity

Acknowledgments 1. There Are Many Roy Orbisons 2. Mystery Man: The Evolution of a Dark, Mysterious Persona 3. "Radical Left Turns": The Voice and the Music 4. In (and Out of) Dreams 5. "Crawling Back": The Masochist Aesthetic 6. In David Lynch's Dreams: Roy Orbison at the Movies 7. "The Finest White Pop Singer on the Planet": "Oh, Pretty Woman," 2 Live Crew, and Discourses of Race 8. Beyond the End: Roy Orbison's Posthumous Career and Legacy Appendix: Analysis of Songs and Recordings Notes Works Cited Song Acknowledgments Index
Randomized Encryption Techniques

A randomized encryption procedure enciphers a message by randomly choosing a ciphertext from a set of ciphertexts corresponding to the message under the current encryption key. At the cost of increasing the required bandwidth, such procedures may achieve greater cryptographic security than their deterministic counterparts by increasing the apparent size of the message space, eliminating the threat of chosen plaintext attacks, and improving the a priori statistics for the inputs to the encryption algorithms. In this paper we explore various ways of using randomization in encryption.
Quantitative studies in skin testing: V. The whealing reactions of histamine and ragweed pollen extract

Abstract 1.1. Variations in the site response to constant doses of intradermally injected histamine were observed. These differences closely paralleled those seen previously in the site response of ragweed-sensitive subjects to intradermally injected ragweed pollen extract. 2.2. It is concluded that the antigen-antibody portion of the wheal mechanism is not implicated in the site differences, but rather it must be inherent in the differences of the skin itself. 3.3. Within the range studied, the dose response of histamine approaches linearity on both logarithmic and semi-logarithmic plots. 4.4. The variation seen in the histamine dose-response data is sufficient to account for the variation encountered in the ragweed dose-response data. 5.5. Within the limits of the techniques employed, there is no evidence that there are other active substances besides histamine mediating the cutaneous whealing reaction induced by a specific antigen.
The Role of Department Heads in Departments of Health Education in Higher Education

Abstract The responsibilities of the department head in higher education are numerous and varied. As a result, stress levels associated with the job and turnover rates are high. Despite the importance and rigor of the position, little data are available on those who fulfill the responsibility of department head. The purpose of this study was to create a data base of information concerning department heads in health education programs. An instrument was designed to survey all 319 heads listed in the AAHE Directory of Health Education Programs. One hundred and ninety-one usable completed instruments were received. Information is provided on demographics, the position of head, duties and responsibilities, and related issues.
The Education of the Amish Child

The Old Order Amish is the most conservative of the Mennonite religious sects in America. Members of the Old Order live in self-contained agrarian communities insulated from the larger society. Common sentiments, tradition, and nonconformity with mass society serve to integrate the Amish community and promote a sense of unity. The values of the community are religious values, and daily life is regulated in detail by the church rules or "Ordnung." Amish fields are plowed by horses, not tractors; the mode of dress is traditional and uniform; restrictions are imposed on the use of such modern contrivances as electricity and telephones. The Amish view the public school as a threat to the continued existence of their community, for the school indoctrinates Amish children in values and attitudes alien to the Amish faith. Most particularly, the Amish object to a public education beyond the eighth grade. The child at 12 or 13 years of age begins a new period of self-awareness, and it is crucial to Amish parents that their children not be taught to identify with non-Amish values. The Amish feel that a child who achieves a level of scholarship beyond the fundamentals of the primary grades is likely to leave the community and be lost to the church. More importantly, if a child spends the great part of his day at the high school, there is less chance he will learn to appreciate the Amish way of life.' The Amish conflict with the schools has a colorful and well-documented history.2 In the past courts were unreceptive to Amish claims that compulsory school attendance infringed upon their religious freedom. Rejection of the Amish claims was premised on the notion that while religious beliefs were free from state control, religiously moti-
Principles and applications of recombinant antibody phage display technology to plant biology.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the principles and applications of recombinant antibody phage display technology to plant biology. The availability of large quantities of monospecific antibody has provided research scientists with a variety of diagnostic, biochemical, and molecular tools with which to address their particular biological problems. The process of recovering phage displaying a recombinant antibody by biological panning entails the indirect immobilization of phage to a solid surface or recoverable particle via an antibody–antigen interaction. In one such approach, the antigen is immobilized to a solid surface such as polystyrene petri dishes or Immunotubes (Nunc). In another approach, the antigen is biotinylated and presented to the phage library in solution, followed by recovery of the antigen–antibody complex using streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the understanding of the molecular genetic bases of antibody expression in mammalian systems. In particular, the application of recombinant DNA techniques has made possible the precise manipulation of those genetic segments encoding the vast combinatorial repertoire of antibody structures that are characteristic of the animal immune response. Corresponding advances have been made in the understanding of the structure of immunoglobin gene family hierarchies, particularly from murine and human sources.
EXPANSION OF THE MIDPALATAL SUTURE IN THE MONKEY.

Abstract No Abstract Available. From the Orthodontic Department of the Eastman Dental Dispensary, Rochester, New York. This investigation was supported by USPHS Grant D-1330 from the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Greedy ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-Approximation Algorithm for Covering with Arbitrary Constraints and Submodular Cost

This paper describes a greedy ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-approximation algorithm for monotone covering , a generalization of many fundamental NP-hard covering problems. The approximation ratio ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ is the maximum number of variables on which any constraint depends. (For example, for vertex cover, ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ is 2.) The algorithm unifies, generalizes, and improves many previous algorithms for fundamental covering problems such as vertex cover, set cover, facilities location, and integer and mixed-integer covering linear programs with upper bound on the variables. The algorithm is also the first ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-competitive algorithm for online monotone covering, which generalizes online versions of the above-mentioned covering problems as well as many fundamental online paging and caching problems. As such it also generalizes many classical online algorithms, including lru, fifo, fwf, balance, greedy-dual, greedy-dual size (a.k.a. landlord ), and algorithms for connection caching, where ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ is the cache size. It also gives new ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}$-competitive algorithms for upgradable variants of these problems, which model choosing the caching strategy and an appropriate hardware configuration (cache size, CPU, bus, network, etc.).
Limitations on the Substitutability of Self-Protective Processes: Self-Handicapping Is Not Reduced by Related-Domain Self-Affirmations

Goal-striving and achievement can be undermined when individuals have a competing desire to protect a cherished self-view. When individuals are more concerned with avoiding the negative implications of a likely failure than with self-improvement, they may ignore negative information or may even go so far as to purposefully undermine their own performance. For example, self-handicapping involves creating or claiming obstacles to success in order to protect self-esteem in the event of task failure. One method to reduce such destructive behavior is to address self-protection concerns through other means. Notably, affirming overall self-integrity by drawing attention to other positive aspects of the self has been previously shown to reduce subsequent self-handicapping behavior. The present studies demonstrate, however, that these effects may not be as broad as previously assumed. Specifically, only self-affirmations in domains unrelated to the current threat seem to be effective in reducing self-handicapping. Self-affirmations related to the threatened domain may only serve to create a standard of comparison for the current performance, maintaining or even intensifying the existing threat. Thus, it appears that attempts to protect a specific self-conception can severely hamper goal-striving and subsequent achievement. Implications for understanding the motivations underlying self-handicapping and for reducing this self-defeating behavior are discussed.
Producing and Reducing Gender Inequality in a Worker-Recovered Cooperative

Decades of feminist scholarship documents the persistence of gender inequality in work organizations. Yet few studies explicitly examine gender inequality in collectivist organizations like worker ...
Design by Composition for Rapid Prototyping

List of Figures. Acknowledgements. Preface. Glossary. Illustration and Notation Conventions. 1. Introduction - Two Approaches to Design. 2. Design and Planning for Rapid Prototyping. 3. Definitions for Design by Composition. 4. The Compact Merging Algorithm. 5. Compact Precedence Graphs. 6. Design by Composition. 7. Implementation. 8. Fabrication Example. 9. Conclusions and Future Work. Appendix: Software Implementation. References. Index.
Turn Up the Volume: Uncovering Nucleus Size Control Mechanisms

Reporting in Developmental Cell, Hara and Merten (2015) apply the use of microfabrication and in vitro analysis in cell-free extracts to the old problem of nuclear size control. The authors make insights into the regulation of nuclear growth that potentially explain the widely reported correlation between nucleus size and cell size.
Gartner's duct cyst and ipsilateral renal agenesis

Abstract A child with unilateral renal agenesis was found by routine vaginoscopy to have a large ipsilateral Gartner's duct cyst. The cyst was marsupialized into the vagina. Embryogenesis of a Gartner's duct cyst and associated renal agenesis is discussed.
Whole-Body Circulatory Autoregulation and Hypertension

A possible cause of elevated arterial pressure involves the interrelationship between autoregulation of blood flow and control of arterial blood pressure. An autoregulatory response could theoretic...
4-D Photoacoustic Tomography

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) offers three-dimensional (3D) structural and functional imaging of living biological tissue with label-free, optical absorption contrast. These attributes lend PAT imaging to a wide variety of applications in clinical medicine and preclinical research. Despite advances in live animal imaging with PAT, there is still a need for 3D imaging at centimeter depths in real-time. We report the development of four dimensional (4D) PAT, which integrates time resolutions with 3D spatial resolution, obtained using spherical arrays of ultrasonic detectors. The 4D PAT technique generates motion pictures of imaged tissue, enabling real time tracking of dynamic physiological and pathological processes at hundred micrometer-millisecond resolutions. The 4D PAT technique is used here to image needle-based drug delivery and pharmacokinetics. We also use this technique to monitor 1) fast hemodynamic changes during inter-ictal epileptic seizures and 2) temperature variations during tumor thermal therapy.
Analysis of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human lung tissue, pulmonary macrophages, and blood lymphocytes.

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was measured fluorometrically in surgically-excised fresh lung tissue, pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), and peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 cigarette smokers (7 with and 7 without primary lung cancer). Levels of AHH in fresh PAMs and AHH inducibility (expressed as fold-induction) in cultured, mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from individual noncancer patients correlated well (r =0.975, p 0.25). These results indicate similar capacity for AHH induction is present in fresh lung tissue, fresh PAMs, and cultured mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from cigarette smokers without evidence of lung cancer, but AHH values are not positively correlated with similar tissues from individual lung cancer patients.
Coiled-tube heat exchanger for High-Pressure Metal Hydride hydrogen storage systems – Part 1. Experimental study

Abstract This two-part study explores the development and thermal performance of a coiled-tube heat exchanger for hydrogen fuel cell storage systems utilizing High-Pressure Metal Hydride (HPMH). The primary purpose of this heat exchanger is to tackle the large amounts of heat released from the exothermic hydriding reaction that occurs when the hydrogen is charged into the storage vessel and is absorbed by the HPMH. The performance of heat exchanger was tested using 4 kg of Ti 1.1 CrMn at pressures up to 280 bar. Tests were performed to assess the influence of different operating conditions on the effectiveness of the heat exchanger at removing the heat in a practical fill time (time required to complete 90% of the hydriding reaction). It is shown that distance of metal hydride particles from the coolant tube has the most dominant influence on hydriding rate, with particles closer to the tube completing their hydriding reaction sooner. Faster fill times were achieved by reducing coolant temperature and to a lesser extent by increasing pressurization rate. By comparing tests with and without coolant flow, it is shown that the heat exchanger reduces fill time by 75% while occupying only 7% of the storage pressure vessel volume. The second part of this study will present a 3D computational heat transfer model of the storage vessel and heat exchanger, and compare the model predictions to the experimental data.
Sexual dimorphism in copackaging of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and galanin into neurosecretory vesicles of hypophysiotrophic neurons: estrogen dependency.

Hypophysiotrophic neurons projecting to hypophyseal portal vessels in the median eminence of the hypothalamus maintain the operation of the master gland, the pituitary, by secreting releasing and release-inhibiting hormones into the bloodstream. LHRH, synthesized in neurons of the rat prosencephalon, is one of the key substances that governs the anterior pituitary-gonadal axis. Recently, it has been shown that the peptide galanin (GAL) is coproduced in a subpopulation of LHRH neurons and is a potent modulator of central processes regulating reproduction. A better understanding of the secretory mechanisms involved in pulsatile hormone release from LHRH axons of the median eminence requires exploration of the organelle domain that displays the cosynthesized peptides in terminal boutons. This study shows that LHRH- and GAL-immunoreactive axons overlap heavily in the lateral part of the median eminence. Double fluorescent labeling revealed colocalization of the peptides at the level of single axon terminals. ...
A hybrid level-set/moving-mesh interface tracking method

An approach for combining Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) moving-mesh and level-set interface tracking methods is presented that allows the two methods to be used in different spatial regions and coupled across the region boundaries. The coupling allows interface shapes to be convected from the ALE method to the level-set method and vice-versa across the ALE/level-set boundary. The motivation for this is to allow high-order ALE methods to represent interface motion in regions where there is no topology change, and the level-set function to be used in regions where topology change occurs. The coupling method is based on the characteristic directions of information propagation and can be implemented in any geometrical configuration. In addition, an iterative method for the hybrid formulation has been developed that can be combined with pre-existing solution methods. Tests of a propagating interface in a uniform flow show that the hybrid approach provides accuracy equivalent to what one is able to obtain with either of the methods individually.
Si/Si 1−x Ge x heterojunction bipolar transistors for microwave power applications

Si/Si 1-x Ge x heterojunction bipolar transistors are considered for microwave power applications. The devices are characterized for collector-base breakdown, small-signal microwave performance, and high-temperature characteristics. We find near-ideal collector-base breakdown voltages for double mesa transistors grown by MBE. Measured f T and f max were 10 and 25 GHz, respectively, for transistors with BV CBO of 40 V. Over a temperature range of 300-500 K the current gain shows a decrease of 34%.
Measurements of the presheath in an electron cyclotron resonance etching device

The first direct measurement of a collisional Bohm presheath from plasma potential measurements is given. By measuring the presheath thickness in front of a grounded wafer stage, a determination of the collision mean free path for ions in an electron cyclotron resonance etching tool has been made. Presheaths were measured in N2 and CF4 plasma using an emissive probe. The presheath thickness in N2 was found to be linearly dependent on the mean free path. Measurements of CF4 plasmas, for which the collision cross sections are unknown, have shown results similar to those found for nitrogen. This result has enabled an extrapolation to be made of the effective cross section for collisions in plasmas created from CF4.
On Equivalence of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic and Statistical Entropies

We review the concept of nonequilibrium thermodynamic entropy and observables and internal variables as state variables, introduced recently by us, and provide a simple first principle derivation of additive statistical entropy, applicable to all nonequilibrium states by treating thermodynamics as an experimental science. We establish their numerical equivalence in several cases, which includes the most important case when the thermodynamic entropy is a state function. We discuss various interesting aspects of the two entropies and show that the number of microstates in the Boltzmann entropy includes all possible microstates of non-zero probabilities even if the system is trapped in a disjoint component of the microstate space. We show that negative thermodynamic entropy can appear from nonnegative statistical entropy.
Application of virtual reality graphics in assessment of concussion.

Abnormal balance in individuals suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been documented in numerous recent studies. However, specific mechanisms causing balance deficits have not been systematically examined. This paper demonstrated the destabilizing effect of visual field motion, induced by virtual reality graphics in concussed individuals but not in normal controls. Fifty five student-athletes at risk for concussion participated in this study prior to injury and 10 of these subjects who suffered MTBI were tested again on day 3, day 10, and day 30 after the incident. Postural responses to visual field motion were recorded using a virtual reality (VR) environment in conjunction with balance (AMTI force plate) and motion tracking (Flock of Birds) technologies. Two experimental conditions were introduced where subjects passively viewed VR scenes or actively manipulated the visual field motion. Long-lasting destabilizing effects of visual field motion were revealed, although subjects were asymptomati...
Biodegradable iodinated polydisulfides as contrast agents for CT angiography

Current clinical CT contrast agents are mainly small molecular iodinated compounds, which often suffer from short blood pool retention for more comprehensive cardiovascular CT imaging and may cause contrast-induced nephropathy. In this work, we prepared polydisulfides containing a traditional iodinated CT contrast agent in order to optimize the pharmacokinetics of the agent and improve its safety. Initially acting as a macromolecular agent and achieving sharp blood vessel delineation, the polydisulfides can be reduced by endogenous thiols via disulfideethiol exchange reaction to oligomers that can be readily excreted via renal filtration. Short polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain was also introduced to the polymers to further modify the in vivo properties of the agents. Strong and prolonged vascular enhancement has been generated with two new agents in mice (5e10 times higher blood pool enhancement than iodixanol). The polydisulfide agents gradually degraded and excreted via renal filtration. The gradual excretion process could prevent contrast-induced nephropathy. These results suggest that the biodegradable macromolecular CTcontrast agents are promising safe and effective blood contrast agents for CT angiography and image-guided interventions.
The association of dietary factors with the age of menarche

Abstract The relationship between dietary factors and the age of menarche (AOM) was investigated using prospective data. Dietary intake was assessed by multiple 24-hour recalls during 1 or more years immediately prior to menarche for each of 230 white, non-hispanic girls from southern California. The study population was well nourished with an average intake of calories and 13 nutrients well within the recommended dietary allowances of the National Research Council. The data show a significant association between meat and age of menarche (p
Active oxygen-scavenging enzymes activities in developing apple flowers and fruits

The activities of active oxygen-scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were evaluated during apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Red Spur Delicious) flower bud and fruit development. In dormant buds, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities were initially low, then increased sharply (2- to 5-fold) during bud swelling. With onset of bud break and during fruit development, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities decreased by 5- to 8-fold, while catalase activity remained relatively high throughout flower bud development and during early stages of fruit growth, before declining at full fruit development. A second increase in peroxidase activity occurred at full fruit development. In immature and mature fruits, superoxide dismutase activity was detected only in the peel, but not in cortex (flesh) or in seed tissue. Peroxidase activity was highest in peel, low in cortex and absent in seed tissue. Catalase activity was highest in seed, followed by peel, and cortex. Soluble protein levels in the seed were 7- and 12-fold higher than in the peel and cortex, respectively. Changes in the activities of these enzymes were related to growth and development of apple flower and fruit.
Phenylpropanolamine: Effects on Subjective and Cardiovascular Variables at Recommended Over‐the‐Counter Dose Levels

Two controlled clinical studies evaluated the effects of phenylpropanolamine HCL (PPA) on measures of blood pressure, pulse, and subjective state (mood). One hundred fifty subjects participated in a parallel groups design that compared a 75-mg sustained release (SR) preparation with a 25-mg tid. dosing regimen and placebo. Fifty-nine of these subjects participated in an additional cross-over component that compared SR PPA 75 mg with placebo. Measures of blood pressure, pulse, and subjective drug effect were obtained nine times throughout the course of a 12-hour session. Data analysis revealed no clinically and few statistically significant effects due to drug treatment. As expected, most measures showed circadian changes on both the cardiovascular and mood variables, which were not related to drug treatment. No euphorogenic or "amphetamine-like" effects were noted. Although further work is warranted regarding the effects of chronic or higher-than-normal doses of PPA, the current studies suggest that PPA, at currently recommended dose levels, is not associated with adverse effects on either cardiovascular or subjective functioning.
Trapdoor fracture of the orbit in a pediatric population

Orbital-floor blowout fractures of the trapdoor variety, first described by Soll and Poley, have also appeared in the French and Japanese literature. The trapdoor fracture is described as a pure orbital-floor fracture, linear in form and hinged medially, which allows herniation of orbital contents through the fracture and then entraps these herniated contents. A review of the orbital-floor fracture literature reveals a high incidence of persistent diplopia associated with ocular-muscle entrapment, which may later necessitate corrective surgery of extraocular muscles. Recent publications in the ophthalmologic literature have stressed the importance of early surgical intervention. This article reports a retrospective series of 19 pediatric patients (age range, 5 to 16 years) who presented to two institutions. All patients had radiographic confirmation of a trapdoor fracture. Physical examination demonstrated a high association between these fractures and restricted ocular motility (17 of the 19 patients). In the cases with trapdoor fracture and restricted ocular movement, early intervention was associated with better postoperative function. It is thus recommended that the symptomatic trapdoor orbit fracture be considered an urgent indication for surgical intervention. Practitioners therefore must have a high index of suspicion for these injuries. Prompt diagnosis is critical to maximize clinical outcome.
Roe Revisited: A Call for the Reappraisal of the Theory of Personality Development and Career Choice

Abstract The general conclusion of the profession is that Roe's (1956, 1957; Roe & Lunneborg, 1990) theory of personality development and career choice lacks empirical support for certain key proposals. The present work argues that such an opinion is premature. Misconception of the theory has led to inappropriate empirical tests of the hypothesis concerning parent–child interactions and career-choice behavior, and has resulted in wrongful conclusions about the relationship. A valid approach to characterizing and testing the theory is articulated, evidence supporting an accurate protrayal of Roe's theory is presented, and a call is issued to the profession to reappraise the status of Roe's theory. Future empirical, theoretical, and counseling directions for the theory are articulated.
The Benefits and Obstacles of E-commerce: Toward an Understanding of Adoption

ABSTRACT E-commerce, in its various iterations, is one of the fastest growing areas of information technology. China represents one of the largest potential markets for e-commerce in the world. Within the context of Rogers' (1995) framework of diffusion, this study provides a comparison of the perceptions of 8 benefits and 11 obstacles to conducting e-commerce of Chinese MBA (n = 84) students to those of U.S. MBA students (n = 96). Comparisons are made regarding the overall perception of both benefits and obstacles as well as by respondent's age, organization size, and organization type. Although there are differences, some significant, between the two groups regarding benefits and obstacles of conducting e-commerce, the differences are in magnitude rather than relative terms. The widest difference in perception was found in the area of obstacles. Chinese participants perceive themselves as ready, willing, and able to conduct e-commerce but their customers are not; whereas, U.S. participants perceive the ...
Role of immune responses to a GroEL heat shock protein in preventing brucellosis in mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51

Abstract Resistance to infection with virulent Brucella abortus strain 2308 and antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to a recombinant 60 kDa B. abortus GroEL heat shock protein were measured in mice vaccinated with attenuated B. abortus strain RB51. Mice at 12–20 weeks after vaccination with 5 × 10 8 colony forming units (CFU) of strain RB51 had increased resistance to infection with strain 2308 and increased antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to GroEL following challenge infection with 2308. However, these mice at 12–20 weeks after vaccination did not have greater resistance to infection than mice vaccinated with 5 × 10 6 CFU of strain RB51, which had no increased antibody or lymphocyte proliferative response to GroEL. These results indicate that mice vaccinated with strain RB51 can have antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to GroEL during infection with virulent strain 2308, although neither response appeared to have an essential role in vaccine-induced immunity to brucellosis.
Parenchymal Microglia of Naı̈ve Adult C57BL/6J Mice Express High Levels of B7.1, B7.2, and MHC Class II

In this study, we addressed B7.1, B7.2, and MHC class II expression on microglia of normal adult C57BL/6J mice, which are susceptible to MOG35-55 peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We showed that there are two distinct major populations of CD11b(+) cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of naive mice: CD45 low (CD45(lo); parenchymal microglia) and CD45 intermediate (CD45(int); CNS-associated macrophages). These two populations compose CNS microglia. There is a rare CD45 high (CD45(hi)) population. By contrast, splenic CD11b(+) cells (macrophages) are CD45(int) and CD45(hi), but rarely CD45(lo). CD45(lo)CD11b(+) cells constitutively express much higher levels of B7.1, B7.2, and MHC class II compared to CD45(int) CD11b(+) cells. A shift of CD11b(+) cells from CD45(lo) to CD45(int) was observed in the CNS of EAE mice. Our study provides evidence that (1) CD45(lo) and CD45(hi), but not CD45(int), could be unique markers to differentiate parenchymal microglia from infiltrating macrophages in EAE; (2) the level of CD45 expression on parenchymal microglia (CD45(lo)) was upregulated in EAE; and (3) parenchymal microglia in normal CNS could be potent APCs by expressing high levels of B7.1, B7.2, and MHC class II molecules and could therefore play an important role in inflammation and autoimmunity in the CNS.
Increasing stoichiometric imbalance in North America's largest lake : Nitrification in Lake Superior

more than 600 times the mean requirement ratio for primary producers. We examine the rate of [NO3 ] increase relative to budgets for NO3 and fixed N. Nitrate in Lake Superior has continued to rise since 1980, though possibly at a reduced rate. We constructed whole-lake NO3 and N budgets and found that NO3 must be generated in the lake at significant rates. Stable O isotope results indicate that most NO3 in the lake originated by in-lake oxidation. Nitrate in the lake is responding not just to NO3 loading but also to oxidation of reduced forms of nitrogen delivered to the lake. The increasing [NO 3 ]:[PO4 ]s toichiometric imbalance in this large lake is largely determined by these in-situ processes. Citation: Sterner, R. W., E. Anagnostou, S. Brovold, G. S. Bullerjahn, J. C. Finlay, S. Kumar, R. M. L. McKay, and R. M. Sherrell (2007), Increasing stoichiometric imbalance in North America’s largest lake: Nitrification in Lake Superior, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L10406, doi:10.1029/ 2006GL028861.
Do we have free will

The more we find out about how the brain works, the less room there seems to be for personal choice or responsibility
The Stellar Extreme-Ultraviolet Radiation Field

The local extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation field from stellar sources has been determined by combining the EUV spectra of 54 stars, taken with the spectrometers aboard the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite. The resultant spectrum over the range 70-730 A is estimated to be 95% complete above 400 A and 90% complete above 200 A. The flux contributed by two B stars and three hot white dwarfs dominate the spectrum except at the shortest wavelengths, where an assortment of EUV source types contribute. The high electron densities measured toward nearby stars can be accounted for by photoionization from this radiation field, but the spectrum is too soft to explain the overionization of helium with respect to hydrogen recently measure in the Local Cloud.
A reply to "sonographic assessment of the retroperitoneal position of the third portion of the duodenum: an indicator of normal intestinal rotation".

Sir, With interest I noticed your recent online publication of “Sonographic assessment of the retroperitoneal position of the third portion of the duodenum: an indicator of normal intestinal rotation” [1]. I wish to congratulate you in furthering the use of US as the first imaging test to diagnose or exclude malrotation and on validating our previous works [2–4]. Furthermore, your contribution decisively alleviated the concerns and responded to the reservations that were expressed in an editorial regarding our original contribution [5] and proved them to be unwarranted. In this friendly communication, I wish to express my concerns about how my views have been misrepresented in your article and reiterate my reservations regarding Dr. Taylor’s paper [6] because they have not been accurately reflected by you as they were originally enumerated in the letter to the editor [7]. In your paper you stated the following: “Recently, Taylor [6] reviewed abdominal CTs in 100 normal subjects and in 38 children with surgically proven malrotation and demonstrated the position of the D3 between the SMA and the aorta in all studies of normally rotated gut without any false-positive findings. In his group of 38 children with surgically proven malrotation, only one had a normally positioned D3. We fully agree with Yousefzadeh’s [7] expressed reservations regarding the use of CT.” My reservations [7] did not question the wisdom of using CT or its value in diagnosing or excluding malrotation as your statement indicates. For sure, the language suggests that I have disagreed with the use of CT in diagnosis of malrotation. On the contrary, CT, like any other crosssectional imaging modality, i.e. US and MRI, is an excellent and fully trustworthy modality to demonstrate the retromesenteric D3. In fact, this was first published in the adult CT literature 12 years ago and was appropriately referenced in my initial and follow-up publications [2–4]. My reservations [7] pointed to the inaccuracies of Dr. Taylor [6] in presenting his data regarding his single alleged false-negative case, which was addressed in detail in my letter to the editor [7], to the editorial board of Pediatric Radiology and to Dr. George Taylor himself in person. Once again, I want to congratulate you for your efforts and your major contribution, and respectfully request you correct your incorrect representation of my viewpoints and reservations.
Crystal structure of the anticoagulant slow form of thrombin.

Using the thrombin mutant R77aA devoid of the site of autoproteolytic degradation at exosite I, we have solved for the first time the structure of thrombin free of any inhibitors and effector molecules and stabilized in the Na+-free slow form. The slow form shows subtle differences compared with the currently available structures of the Na+-bound fast form that carry inhibitors at the active site or exosite I. The most notable differences are the displacement of Asp-189 in the S1 specificity pocket, a downward shift of the 190–193 strand, a rearrangement of the side chain of Glu-192, and a significant shift in the position of the catalytic Ser-195 that is no longer within H-bonding distance from His-57. The structure of the slow form explains the reduced specificity toward synthetic and natural substrates and suggests a molecular basis for its anticoagulant properties.
Iron(II) Bleomycin-Mediated Degradation of a DNA-RNA Heteroduplex

The effect of iron(II) bleomycin on a DNA-RNA heteroduplex was investigated using a substrate formed by reverse transcription of Escherichia coli 5S ribosomal RNA. Both strands of the heteroduplex were cleaved by FeII.BLM A2 at comparable concentrations; complete digestion of both strands was observed using 5 microM FeII.BLM A2. The DNA strand of the heteroduplex was cleaved predominantly at 5'-G-pyr-3' sites; the sites of cleavage of the DNA strand were a subset of those observed for the corresponding DNA strand of a DNA duplex of identical sequence. The sites of cleavage of the RNA strand of the heteroduplex involved both purines and pyrimidines and were found to be different than the sites of cleavage of the 5S rRNA alone, demonstrating that cleavage of the former must actually have involved heteroduplex recognition by FeII.BLM A2. Both the DNA and RNA strands of the heteroduplex were cleaved by FeII.BLM A2 in the presence of physiological concentrations of Mg2+, consistent with the possibility that DNA-RNA heteroduplexes may be therapeutically relevant targets for bleomycin.
Factor ordering problem in stochastic inflation

The stochastic approach to inflation suffers from ambiguities due to the arbitrary choice of the time variable and due to the choice of the factor ordering in the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. Here it is shown that both ambiguities can be removed if we require that the factor ordering should be set in such a way that physical results are invariant with respect to time reparametrizations. This requirement uniquely selects the so-called Ito factor ordering. Additional ambiguities associated with non-trivial kinetic terms of the scalar fields are also discussed, as well as ways of constraining these ambiguities.