cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of learning styles and demographic characteristics of students enrolled in selected animal science courses.

Learning style is the method an individual uses to concentrate and to process and retain new information. This developmental set of characteristics can make identical instruction effective for some learners and ineffective for others. Even though learners are capable of mastering the identical information or skills, if they are taught through methods that complement their preferred learning style, analytical and global learners have different environmental and physiological needs. An important relationship between learning style and instruction is that individuals are likely to teach the way they prefer to learn. The objectives of this study were to identify learning styles of students enrolled in selected animal science courses. The majority (58%) of students enrolled in selected courses preferred a field-independent learning style (analytical). With respect to gender and learning style, there was no difference between males and females. Classification of high school demographics showed students from rural areas preferred a field-dependent learning style (global) l and students from suburban or urban areas were more likely to prefer a field-independent style. There was a difference in the preferred learning style of animal science faculty (field-dependent) and those students who declared their majors as animal science and preveterinary medicine (field-independent). The inverse relationship was found between dairy/poultry science faculty and students. Faculty should be aware of their own learning style and the learning styles of their students so they may facilitate learning for all students.
Cost Savings from Utilization of a Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery Center for Orthopaedic Day Surgery

Purpose: Hospitals are increasingly searching for ways to provide high-quality care that is also cost-efficient. Previous studies are limited by using estimated cost-to-charge ratios to evaluate cost, which are inherently inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to quantify actual direct cost savings from performing pediatric orthopaedic sports day surgery at an ambulatory surgery center (ASC) rather than a university-based children’s hospital (UH). Methods: Custom-scripted accounting software designed to interface with the hospital electronic medical record are prospectively used by management to …
“Once Big Oil, Always Big Oil”: Disability and Sustainability in Pixar’s Cars 2

The Pixar universe, built on 1721 feature-length films across 2124 years and ever-expanding, is neither acclaimed nor notorious for its representations of disability. Indeed, until 2016, none of its feature-length offerings besides Finding Nemo attracted much attention from disability scholars or advocates, and commentary on Nemo, while nearly always positive, was fairly superficial, lauding Nemo’s “lucky fin” without engaging deeply with the issues central to Disability Studies. With 2016’s sequel Finding Dory, the Nemo franchise secured its status as the face of disability in Pixar, and most viewers seem comforted by its being an affirming face. But Pixar’s relationship to disability is far more complex, narratively and visually, than it may at first appear, and its many more problematic representations—of compulsory able-bodiedness, stigma, prosthetic appropriations of disabled bodies, and the conflation of disability with other identities coded as inferior—are certainly worth our notice. This essay explores how the convoluted plot of Cars 2 yokes the themes of disability, masculinity, and environmental consciousness to champion a dangerous nostalgia for rigidly normative and defensively national identity.
Chapter 4 – Circulator

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the operating principles, analysis methods, and design considerations of optical circulators together with their typical applications in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Optical circulators can be divided into two groups based on their functionality. One is the full circulator, in which light passes through all ports in a complete circle. The other is the quasicirculator, in which light passes through all ports sequentially but light from the last port is lost and cannot be transmitted back to the first port. The operation of optical circulators is based on principles that include polarization splitting and recombining together with nonreciprocal polarization rotation, and asymmetric field conversion with nonreciprocal phase shift. Dielectric coatings-based polarization beam splitters were used to construct optical circulators in the early stage of circulator development. A schematic diagram of a 4-port circulator, where two dielectric coating-based polarization beam splitter cubes were used to split the incoming beam into two beams with orthogonal polarization, is analyzed. An optical circulator can be constructed using two-beam interference with nonreciprocal phase shifting without the need for polarization beam splitting. It is found that all nonreciprocal polarization rotation-based designs share a common structure with a minimum of three functional elements, which includes polarization splitting and recombining elements, nonreciprocal polarization rotation elements, and polarization-dependent beam steering elements.
Ostomy Care During Hospital Stay for Ostomy Surgery and the United Ostomy Associations of America Patient Bill of Rights: A Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether ostomy patients are receiving ostomy care pre- and postoperatively in accordance with the United Ostomy Associations of America Ostomy and Continent Diversion Patient Bill of Rights. Design Descriptive, quantitative study. Subjects and setting The sample comprised 325 participants with an ostomy living in the United States. All participants underwent ostomy surgery in the United States. Methods Participants were recruited through a purposive, nonprobability sampling method based on the presence of an ostomy and the ability to read and understand English. Data were collected between summer 2017 and fall 2018 from ostomy support groups (online and in-person support groups). Respondents completed a self-administered online questionnaire, which included closed-ended and open-ended questions. Results Forty percent (n = 127) of participants reported not being supervised changing their pouch before discharge. Forty-two percent (n = 137) reported receiving only hands-on instruction on how to care for their ostomy after surgery (no reading materials, nor video tutorial). Slightly more than half (52%; n = 170) reported not receiving support group information, and only 14% (n = 46) indicated participating in a discussion on intimacy concerns. Conclusions The study demonstrates that ostomy care at the hospital can improve. Receiving an ostomy is a life-changing operation, and the first line of support for ostomy patients is their provider. Future research should examine ostomy care from providers' perspectives and, prospectively, in order to test care measures on patient health outcomes.
The role of team and sport social contexts: Are three-level models needed in studies of sport conduct?

Abstract In this work, I examined how variation in sport conduct is allocated across the three different levels (i.e., athlete, team, and sport) in order to consider how the team and sport environment might contribute to athletes' sport conduct. Specifically, three-level models were utilized for sportspersonship, technical and mental gamesmanship, and instrumental aggression to examine whether there is unique variance due to sport and team clustering with athletes (N = 1412) nested within teams (J = 92) that are in turn nested within sports (K = 17). Results showed that clustering due to sport accounted for unique variance above and beyond team clustering. However, sex and invasion team sport explained most of the sport-level variance. The implication is that it is important to account for the sport clustering. However, when accounting for the sport-level clustering is not feasible, controlling for sex is necessary at the very least.
Endotracheal Tube Placement

Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a potentially lifesaving procedure performed in the out-of-hospital setting. The goal of the intervention is to optimize oxygenation, ventilation, and aid in airway protection from potential aspiration. Complications associated with ETI can lead to significant morbidity and possibly even death. The majority of these risks are caused by the failure to recognize a misplaced or dislodged endotracheal tube (ETT). Waveform capnography is considered the most dependable method for ETT confirmation in the prehospital setting. Additionally, ultrasound appears to be a valuable adjunct, especially in situations where capnography is unavailable or unreliable. The device allows for immediate feedback of ETT placement, and the ability to assess optimal ETT depth and potential underlying lung pathology. Several methods of assessing for correct ETT placement have been described in the literature, including direct tracheal assessment, and the indirect assessment of bilateral lung sliding and diaphragmatic movement associated with ventilation.
Reparacion endovascular de la aorta torácica, resultados a largo plazo

Introduccion: Las diversas patologias de la aorta toracica descendente, representan una implicita amenaza para la vida, y son potencialmente tratables mediante reparacion endovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la reparacion endovascular de la aorta toracia descendente (TEVAR). Materiales y Metodo: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo, donde se analiza TEVAR, en un periodo de 10 anos (2009 al 2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaiso, Chile. Resultados: Se realizo TEVAR en 31 pacientes, sexo masculino 74,2%, femenino 25,8%, edad promedio 67,8 anos (rango 53-85) , patologias asociadas: hipertension arterial sistemica (77,4%), tabaquismo (67,7%) y dislipidemia (38,7%), las indicaciones para TEVAR fueron: el aneurisma de la aorta descendente (51,61%), la diseccion tipo B cronica complicada (29,03%), y la diseccion tipo B aguda complicada (19,35%), relacionado al procedimiento se evidencio: morbilidad cardiovascular (12,9%) y morbilidad neurologica (6,45%), complicaciones relacionadas a la endoprotesis (29,03%), incidencia de endofugas (19,35%), estancia hospitalaria promedio de 5,2 dias (rango 3 a 17), seguimiento promedio de 47,3 meses (9-108), exito tecnico primario (100%), tasa de reintervencion: 3,22%, tasa de supervivencia a 1, 3, 5 anos del 96,77%, 93,54 y 90,32% respectivamente, n o hubo mortalidad menor a 30 dias. Discusion: La evidencia demuestra que TEVAR puede realizarse en forma segura y efectiva, cumpliendo estrictos criterios clinicos y condiciones anatomicas, representando la modalidad de eleccion para la reparacion de las lesiones de la aorta descendente. Conclusion: Los resultados demuestran que TEVAR, representa una excelente estrategia terapeutica, menos invasiva, con baja morbilidad y mortalidad asociada.
Examination of resident characteristics associated with interest in primary care and identification of barriers to cross-cultural care.

There is an increasing shortage of primary care physicians in the U.S. The difficult task of addressing patients’ sociocultural needs is one reason residents do not pursue primary care. However, associations between residents’ perceived barriers to cross-cultural care provision and career interest in primary care have not been investigated. We examined residents’ career interest in primary care and associations with resident characteristics and their perceived barriers in providing cross-cultural care. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a resident survey from the 2018–2019 academic year. We first described residents’ sociodemographic characteristics based on their career interest in primary care (Chi-square test). Our primary outcome was high career interest in primary care. We further examined associations between residents’ characteristics and perceived barriers to cross-cultural care. The study included 155 family medicine, pediatrics, and internal medicine residents (response rate 68.2%), with 17 expressing high career interest in primary care. There were significant differences in high career interest by race/ethnicity, as Non-White race was associated with high career interest in primary care (p < 0.01). Resident characteristics associated with identifying multiple barriers to cross-cultural care included disadvantaged background, multilingualism, and foreign-born parents (all p-values< 0.05). There were no significant associations between high career interest in primary care and barriers to cross-cultural care. Residents from diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds demonstrated higher career interest in primary care and perceived more barriers to cross-cultural care, underscoring the importance of increasing physician workforce diversity to address the primary care shortage and to improve cross-cultural care.
The history of the evaluation of particulate respirator fitting characteristics in U.S. approval requirements.

To be effective, a negative-pressure, air-purifying, particulate-removing, half-facepiece respirator (particulate respirator) must form a good seal against the wearer’s face. This fact has long bee...
Grizzly Bear and Human Use at Moth Sites in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

In the greater Yellowstone ecosystem (GYE), alpine aggregations of army cutworm moths (Euxoa auxiliaris) are an important food source for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). The number of grizzly bears utilizing this food source has increased since initial documentation in 1986 in the Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming. Dozens of bears congregate and feed on moths offering a unique viewing opportunity for bear-enthusiasts, professional media, and hikers. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how bears use these areas and no information on human use. The proximity of grizzly bears and humans poses a management concern for grizzly bears and human safety. Our objectives are to quantify grizzly bear and human use patterns and to identify areas of bear-human interactions. Our methods include occupancy and written surveys, GPS tracking unit deployment, and GIS analysis. Preliminary results from our first year of bear observations (n=220) showed 48% of bears foraging on moths, 20% foraging on vegetation, and 23% travelling. We recorded 5 groups and 26 groups of human use at two locations. We documented 18 bearhuman interactions, all on high-use travel routes common to bears and humans. Despite low human use all interactions between bears and humans resulted in bear avoidance of humans. At present, bear-human interactions appear to be very low but if human use increases, interactions will increase due to lack of alternate travel routes.
Tympanoplasty Before Tympanoplasty: Alea Jacta Erat!

Objectives Tympanoplasty is the most common ear surgery performed throughout the world. As its basic principles remain the same since its introduction, many publications usually explain, in the introduction, that tympanoplasty has been a successful technique since the 1950s. The aim of this historical notice is to go back to the origin of the word tympanoplasty, and its final introduction as a specific defined surgical concept. Material and method Historical study based solely on original publications in different languages. Results The term tympanoplasty was first used by Hirch in 1912 for an operation for chronic adhesive catarrh of the middle ear. It was revived by Wullstein in 1952. One Polish, Miodonski, and three German otologists played an important role in the development of the actual concept and definition of tympanoplasty: Moritz, Zollner and Wullstein, the two latter being recognized as worldwide dispensers of the technique. Conclusion The history of the term tympanoplasty can be divided into two periods: the first being 1912 to 1913 with its first use for an operation to treat chronic adhesive catarrh of the middle ear, and the second 1952 to 1955, with its revival and definitive implementation in the surgery of the ear based on the concept of protection of the round window and construction of an effective sound-transmitter system through the oval window. Nevertheless, the concept of tympanoplasty was already established in 1950 but not surgically definitively implemented: alea jacta erat-the die was cast!
Application of CAD/CAE/CAM in Metalforming: Selected Examples

Applications of Computer Aided Design (or Drafting), Engineering and Manufacturing (CAD/CAE/CAM) are continuously increasing in the metal — forming industry. A number of companies are already using stand alone CAD/CAM systems such as UNIGRAPHICS, ANVIL 4000, COMPUTERVISION, CALMA and others in the design, drafting and NC machining of dies and tools for metal forming operations. Most recently, practical numerical analysis, or computer aided engineering, techniques have been developed for designing and optimizing metal forming processes and tooling. This paper discusses some of the recent research conducted in this field and reviews a few selected examples in extrusion, forging, rolling and sheet metal forming.
Signals and Signal Processing

It is very important that methods be developed to extract signals from the noisy backgrounds that usually accompany them. Signal processing has, therefore, become an important field in communications and in acoustics. The human ear processes the information it receives and does a reasonably good job of filtering. A knowledge of the signal processing techniques that have been developed in the past will also be helpful in understanding the functioning of the human ear.
Controlling Costs in a University Take-Out Lunch Line

ABSTRACT The take-out concept is increasing in popularity on most college and university campuses. This case study determined food cost, labor cost, and paperware cost associated with the take-out lunch line, Grab-it, in a midwestern university; ascertained student perceptions of quality and service; and identified cost-control issues. The study found that branded condiments used in the Grab-it line resulted in the extremely high food cost. Because of the popularity among students and their positive perception of foods served on the Grab-it lunch line, customer counts on this line are expected to increase continuously. Essential cost-control issues and solutions for the Grab-it lunch line are addressed.
Weight maintenance from young adult weight predicts better health outcomes.

Objective Defining groups of individuals within a larger population with similar patterns of weight change over time may provide insight into influences of weight stability or gain. Methods Latent class growth modeling was used to define subgroups of weight change in adult members of the Gila River Indian Community participating in at least four non-diabetic health exams including OGTTs (N = 1,157, 762F/395M; 78.4 ± 19.0 kg). In a separate study, 152 individuals had 24-h EE measured in a respiratory chamber. Results Eight groups with baseline weights of 54.6 ± 7.3 (n = 124), 64.2 ± 7.7 (n = 267), 73.6 ± 7.8 (n = 298), 86.1 ± 10.2 (n = 194), 95.5 ± 6.7 (n = 90), 97.9 ± 10.4 (n = 92), 110.9 ± 11.9 (n = 61), and 122.1 ± 13.6 (n = 31) kg (P < 0.001) were delineated. Group 5, (initial weight = 95.5 ± 6.7 kg) maintained a comparatively stable weight over time (+3.3 ± 10.3 kg, +3.8 ± 11.2% of initial weight; median follow-up time: 13.1 years). All other groups gained weight over time (+29.9 ± 21.1% of initial weight; median follow-up time: 16.3 years). Higher starting weight defined weight gain in most groups, but higher 2 h glucose predicted membership in the lower weight trajectories. The weight stable group had higher rates of impaired glucose regulation at baseline and higher 24-h EE. Conclusions Weight in young adulthood defined weight gain trajectory underscoring the importance of intervening early to prevent weight gain.
The Emission, Dispersion, and Deposition of Ragweed Pollen†

Ragweed (Ambrosia) plants grown in the greenhouse and later in cold frames are induced to pollinate under field conditions in June, well before the regular pollination season in August and September; this early pollination is aided by manipulation of the photoperiod. In June 1956 pilot field experiments were successfully conducted, and in June and July 1957 the behaviour of pollen from over three thousand ragweed plants arranged in a circular plot 26 ft. in diameter in an open field was studied. An array of suitably prepared microscope slides arranged concentrically around the ragweed plot was used to determine the deposition of pollen during a ten-day period. The array was as follows: ninety slides outside the ragweed plot, each at a height of 2 ft. above the ground; and eight slides in the plot, four on the ground and four located 2 ft. directly above. Meteorological elements measured include wind direction and speed, lapse rate, cloud amount, visibility, precipitation, and maximum and minimum temperature. The variation of pollen emission with meteorological variables is analysed and illustrated and the observed patterns of pollen deposition are compared with those anticipated from a highly simplified model of dispersion and deposition of particulates from a circular area source. The paper concludes with a brief description of the experiments conducted in June 1958, which were designed to evaluate vertical dispersion from an identical source, and with a discussion of the broad significance of investigations of this type.
The Star Schema Benchmark and Augmented Fact Table Indexing

We provide a benchmark measuring star schema queries retrieving data from a fact table with Where clause column restrictions on dimension tables. Clustering is crucial to performance with modern disk technology, since retrievals with filter factors down to 0.0005 are now performed most efficiently by sequential table search rather than by indexed access. DB2's Multi-Dimensional Clustering (MDC) provides methods to "dice" the fact table along a number of orthogonal "dimensions", but only when these dimensions are columns in the fact table. The diced cells cluster fact rows on several of these "dimensions" at once so queries restricting several such columns can access crucially localized data, with much faster query response. Unfortunately, columns of dimension tables of a star schema are not usually represented in the fact table. In this paper, we show a simple way to adjoin physical copies of dimension columns to the fact table, dicing data to effectively cluster query retrieval, and explain how such dicing can be achieved on database products other than DB2. We provide benchmark measurements to show successful use of this methodology on three commercial database products.
A Security Architecture Based on Trust Management for Pervasive Computing Systems

Traditionally, stand-alone computers and small networks rely on user authentication and access control to provide security. These physical methods use system-based controls to verify the identity of a person or process, explicitly enabling or restricting the ability to use, change, or view a computer resource. However, these strategies are inadequate for the increased flexibility that distributed networks such as the Internet and ubiquitous/pervasive computing environments require, as these systems lack central control and in addition, their users are not all predetermined. Users in pervasive environments expect to access locally hosted resources and services anytime and anywhere leading to serious security risks and access control problems. We propose a solution based on distributed trust management which involves developing a security policy, assigning credentials to entities, verifying that the credentials conform to the policy, delegating trust to third parties, revoking rights and reasoning about users' access rights. This paper presents an infrastructure that complements existing security features like Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Role Based Access Control with distributed trust management to provide a highly flexible mode of enforcing security in a pervasive computing environments.
Isolated testes perfusion: A method using a cell- and protein-free perfusate useful for the evaluation of potential drug and/or metabolic injury

Abstract A method is described by which the testes and left kidney of the rat can be isolated, maintained, and selectively perfused in vitro to examine the effect of potential gonadal toxins. The integrity of the system was confirmed by demonstrating appropriate increases in steroid (testosterone and estradiol) production and secretion in response to stimulation with chorionic gonadotropin; maintenance of testicular ATP levels; and failure to observe an increase in perfusate concentration of transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase over 2 hr of perfusion. After such confirmation, the effect of two potential gonadal toxins, ethanol and acetaldehyde, at levels commonly found in the plasma of men who abuse alcohol, was evaluated using the system. Both of these substances significantly ( p
Domain-wall renormalization-group study of the three-dimensional random Ising model at finite temperature.

The three-dimensional random Ising model with a Gaussian distribution of nearest-neighbor interactions is studied for the pure spin-glass case where the average interaction vanishes. The distribution of domain-wall free energies at finite temperature is calculated with the use of the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm for finite lattices. A renormalization-group transformation is set up which preserves the domain-wall free-energy distribution when the lattice parameter is changed. The spin-glass transition temperature is found to be ${T}_{g}$=(1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)J\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{} where J\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{} is the variance of the Gaussian interaction distribution. The thermal exponent is \ensuremath{\nu}=1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 and the heat-capacity exponent is \ensuremath{\alpha}=-3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5. The heat capacity exhibits a rounded peak at higher temperatures.
The Relationship Between Perception and Acoustics for a High-Low Vowel Contrast Produced by Speakers With Dysarthria

This study was designed to explore the relationship between perception of a high-low vowel contrast and its acoustic correlates in tokens produced by persons with motor speech disorders. An intelli...
Test of a non-local excess phase delay operator for GPS radio occultation data assimilation

A physically-sound, non-local excess phase delay observation operator is developed for simulating excess phase delay measurements from GPS radio occultation (RO) missions. By approximating an observed ray by a straight line, the refractivity gradient information along an observed ray path is included in the simulated excess phase delay. This observation operator is used to simulate observations from the German CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) RO mission based on large-scale analysis. The need to use such an observation operator for GPS RO data assimilation in spherically asymmetric regions is shown by results from a set of forward simulation and data assimilation experiments. A modification that renders the non-local excess phase delay observation operator more suitable for parallel implementation of GPS RO data assimilation is proposed.
High-energy X-ray computed tomography of the progression of the solidification front in pure aluminum

An X-ray computed tomography (CT) system was developed for monitoring the solidification front in metal casting. The X-ray source was a 6 MeV linear accelerator (linac) emitting photons in 5 µs pulses at a rate of 180 Hz. The source intensity was 300 R/min at 1 m. The X-ray beam was collimated in a 30 deg fan shape with a 10-mm height. A detector array comprising 128 elements was located 845 mm from the source. Pure aluminum in a clay-graphite crucible (178-mm o.d., 146-mm i.d.) was melted in a resistance heater furnace, and a cooling tube at the center of the crucible solidified the molten aluminum to simulate the casting process. A solidification front formed around the tube and progressed outward over an hour until the aluminum was completely solidified. X-ray attenuation measurements were taken every minute during this time. Density images were later reconstructed from these measurements using CT. From these images, the progression of the solidification front was determined with a planar resolution of 1.3 mm and a sensitivity of 3.7 pct. The density maps agree with expected values and correlate well with temperature measurements obtained independently by thermocouples.
regulation of risks

sunstein argues that heuristics misguide moral judgments. principles that are normally sound falter in unusual cases. in particular, heuristics generate erroneous judgments about regulation of risks. sunstein's map of moral reasoning omits some prominent contours. the simple heuristics he suggests neglect a reasoner's attempt to balance the pros and cons of regulating a risk.
Is There Still a Place for Autologous Blood Predonation

SUMMARY Interest in autologous blood procurement was stimulated in the 1980s by a renewed awareness that infectious diseases, including post-transfusion hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are transmissible by blood transfusion. Preoperative autologous blood donation (PAD), acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), and intraoperative/postoperative autologous blood cell recovery and reinfusion were each techniques identified and promoted in the surgical arena in response to medical and legal pressures to minimize allogeneic blood exposure. The role of autologous blood procurement in surgery continues to evolve based on improved blood safety, increased blood costs, and emerging pharmacologic alternatives to blood transfusion. PAD became accepted as a standard practice in certain elective surgical settings, such as total joint replacement surgery, so that by 1992, over 6% of the blood transfused in the U.S. was autologous. In contrast, ANH was rarely practiced and published data regarding its merits were scant. Subsequently, substantial improvements in blood safety were accompanied by a decline in PAD (Table 1) as well as by an interest in ANH as an alternative, lower-cost autologous blood procurement strategy. Nevertheless, public perception of blood safety and the reluctance to accept allogeneic blood transfusion in the elective transfusion setting, along with emerging blood inventory shortages, continue to make the application of autologous blood procurement strategies a subject of ongoing debate. The current roles of these strategies are presented.
Tolerance Interval Control Limits for X¯, R, and S Charts

The probability content of standard control limits can vary because distribution parameters that appear in the control limits are estimated based on previous data. This paper proposes using tolerance interval control limits that control the probability content at a specified level with a given confidence. Tolerance interval control limits are developed for X¯, R, and S Charts and illustrated using an example from the literature.
Momentum transfer in crystal lattices with vibrating atoms

A momentum transfer equation previously used to describe non-elastic deformation in crystalline solids represented by point masses at fixed lattice positions is extended to take into account the existence of intrinsic (e.g. thermal) small amplitude vibrations of the masses about their mean positions in a lattice. Use of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation to describe momentum transfer and deformation is also discussed in terms of this vibrating point-mass lattice model. The result is that a modified and identical differential equation for momentum transfer is obtained from each approach; some solutions to this equation are presented. The previous particle momentum wave frequency dependence on wave vector and resulting applications to non-elastic deformation are unchanged, but these particle momentum waves can now be considered as modulating the usual high-frequency waves associated with the elastic modes of a crystalline solid.
Mitochondrial Pruning by Nix and BNip3: An Essential Function for Cardiac-Expressed Death Factors

Programmed cardiac myocyte death via the intrinsic, or mitochondrial, pathway is a mechanism of pathological ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction and during chronic pressure overload hypertrophy. Transcriptional upregulation of the closely related proapoptotic Bcl2 family members BNip3 in ischemic myocardium and Nix in hypertrophied myocardium suggested a molecular mechanism by which programmed cell death can be initiated by cardiac stress and lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Studies using transgenic and gene knockout mice subsequently demonstrated that expression of BNip3 and Nix is both sufficient for cardiomyopathy development and necessary for cardiac remodeling after reversible coronary occlusion and transverse aortic banding, respectively. Here, these data are reviewed in the context of recent findings showing that Nix not only stimulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis but also induces mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) and indirectly activates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, causing cell necrosis. New findings are presented suggesting that Nix and BNip3 have an essential function, “mitochondrial pruning,” that restrains mitochondrial proliferation in cardiomyocytes and without which an age-dependent mitochondrial cardiomyopathy develops.
463 Increased Levels of Retinol Binding Protein 4 in Patients with Severe Heart Failure Correct after Hemodynamic Improvement through Ventricular Assist Device Placement

Increased Levels of Retinol Binding Protein 4 in Patients with Severe Heart Failure Correct after Hemodynamic Improvement through Ventricular Assist Device Placement N. Chavarria, F.H. Cheema, R. Khan, A. Chokshi, E. Collado, T. Kato, H. Takayama, Y. Naka, M. Farr, D.M. Mancini, P.C. Schulze. Cardiology/Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
Calcium-dependent Involucrin Expression Is Inversely Regulated by Protein Kinase C (PKC)α and PKCδ

Calcium is an important physiologic regulator of keratinocyte function that may regulate keratinocyte differentiation via modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKCα and PKCδ are two PKC isoforms that are expressed at high levels in keratinocytes. In the present study, we examine the effect of PKCδ and PKCα on calcium-dependent keratinocyte differentiation as measured by effects on involucrin (hINV) gene expression. Our studies indicate that calcium increaseshINV promoter activity and endogenous hINV gene expression. This response requires PKCδ, as evidenced by the observation that treatment with dominant-negative PKCδ inhibits calcium-dependent hINV promoter activity, whereas wild type PKCδ increases activity. PKCα, in contrast, inhibits calcium-dependent hINV promoter activation, a finding that is consistent with the ability of dominant-negative PKCα and the PKCα inhibitor, Go6976, to increasehINV gene expression. The calcium-dependent regulatory response is mediated by an AP1 transcription factor-binding site located within the hINV promoter distal regulatory region that is also required for PKCδ-dependent regulation; moreover, both calcium and PKCδ produce similar, but not identical, changes in AP1 factor expression. A key question is whether calcium directly influences PKC isoform function. Our studies show that calcium does not regulate PKCα or δ levels or cause a marked redistribution to membranes. However, tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCδ is markedly increased following calcium treatment. These findings suggest that PKCα and PKCδ are required for, and modulate, calcium-dependent keratinocyte differentiation in opposing directions.
Hotel Renovations: A Capital Budgeting Problem

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that the use of capital budgeting techniques by major hotel chains are not as prevalent as in other service industries. The use of Discounted Cash Flow techniques by major hotel chains is even less prevalent when companies contemplate large scale renovation projects. The development and use of a theoretically correct discounted cash flow model is necessary to assist financial decisions concerning hotel renovation projects. A proposed model for Hotel Renovation Projects is discussed on a conceptual basis.
From synapse to vesicle: The reuptake and storage of biogenic amine neurotransmitters

Biogenic amine transport systems in the presynaptic plasma membrane and the synaptic vesicle provide a mechanism for rapidly terminating the action of released transmitters and for recycling neurotransmitters. Alterations in the activity of these transporters, either by endogenous regulatory mechanisms or by drugs, affect the regulation of synaptic transmitter levels. For drugs such as antidepressants and stimulants that interact with these transport systems, the therapeutic and behavioral consequences are profound. Now that the cDNAs encoding the transporters have been isolated, we can expect rapid progress in understanding how the individual proteins work at the molecular level to couple ion gradients to the reuptake and storage of biogenic amine neurotransmitters.
Inclusion of fluctuations in nuclear dynamics

Abstract In this letter we present a new method to include fluctuations into dynamical simulations of the Nordheim type, in which individual nucleons moving in their self-consistent mean field experience Pauli-blocked two-body collisions. The method consists of including a suitably scaled amount of noise in the basic two-body scattering process. The method is illustrated for a gas of fermions on a two-dimensional torus and the results exhibit the desired behavior: the mean phase-space occupancy relaxes towards the appropriate Fermi-Dirac distribution, the associated variance evolves as expected from quantum statistics, and the covariance reflects the various correlations inherent in the two-body collision process.
A study of fatigue crack growth with changing loading direction

Abstract Round compact specimens made of 1070 steel were experimentally tested under cyclic loading for crack growth. The specimen was first subjected to Mode I loading. After the crack reached a certain length, the external loading direction was changed 50° from the original loading direction. Right after the change of the loading direction, the specimen experienced the combined Mode I/II loading condition. Following a short transient period, the fatigue crack was found to grow in the direction approximately perpendicular to the external loading direction, indicating the recovery of Mode I cracking. A recently developed approach was used to predict the cracking behavior of the specimens. Detailed elastic–plastic stress analysis was conducted using the finite element (FE) method. Both crack growth rate and cracking direction were predicted by employing a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion based on the stress–strain response outputted from the FE analysis. The predictions made by using the approach were in excellent agreement with the experimental observations in terms of both crack growth rate and cracking direction. The material constants used in the approach were obtained from testing smooth specimens for crack initiation.
Early precut sphincterotomy and the risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography related complications: An updated meta-analysis

Early precut sphincterotomy and the risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography related complications: An updated meta-analysis
Mechanically robust 3D graphene macroassembly with high surface area

We report the synthesis of a three-dimensional (3D) macroassembly of graphene sheets with electrical conductivity (∼102 S m−1) and Young's modulus (∼50 MPa) orders of magnitude higher than those previously reported, super-compressive deformation behavior (∼60% failure strain), and surface areas (>1300 m2 g−1) approaching theoretically maximum values.
Comparison of 2 Techniques to Predict Voiding Efficiency After Inpatient Urogynecologic Surgery

Purpose: We compared 2 techniques used to assess adequate postoperative bladder emptying.Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized, crossover study of 2 voiding trial techniques. 1) For back fill the bladder is filled with 300 cc saline before the Foley catheter is removed. 2) For auto fill the catheter is removed and the bladder is allowed to fill spontaneously. Patients were randomized into 2 groups for voiding trials, including group 1—auto fill followed by back fill or group 2—back fill followed by auto fill. Within 15 minutes of each void we measured post-void residual urine by straight catheterization. A void of two-thirds or greater of total bladder volume (voided volume plus post-void residual urine) at void 2 of the 2 voids was considered successful voiding. Patients who voided successfully were discharged home without a urethral catheter. We used the chi-square test with κ to determine successful bladder emptying.Results: We recruited 79 patients, of whom 65 with a mean age o...
Factors influencing the degradation of archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections.

The loss of antigenicity in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections negatively affects both diagnostic histopathology and advanced molecular studies. The mechanisms underlying antigenicity loss in FFPE tissues remain unclear. The authors hypothesize that water is a crucial contributor to protein degradation and decrement of immunoreactivity in FFPE tissues. To test their hypothesis, they examined fixation time, processing time, and humidity of storage environment on protein integrity and antigenicity by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and protein extraction. This study revealed that inadequate tissue processing, resulting in retention of endogenous water in tissue sections, results in antigen degradation. Exposure to high humidity during storage results in significant protein degradation and reduced immunoreactivity, and the effects of storage humidity are temperature dependent. Slides stored under vacuum with desiccant do not protect against the effects of residual water ...
Does Defensiveness Account for the Relationship Between Religiosity and Psychosocial Adjustment

Religiosity has been related to positive psychosocial adjustment across a large number of studies. Some researchers question, however, whether this relationship is an accurate finding, observing that there are many potential confounds that have not been controlled for, such as defensiveness. This study examined whether defensiveness accounted for the relationship between religiosity and psychosocial adjustment. Two samples of religious individuals were assessed on religiosity (Duke University Religion Index), defensiveness (measured using the denial of distress and repressive defensiveness subscales from the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory [WAI]), and psychosocial adjustment (Depression subscale from the WAI, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Sarason Social Support Scale). In both studies it was found that religiosity was related to positive psychosocial adjustment as well as higher levels of defensiveness. Defensiveness, however, did not account for the relationships between religiosity and psychosocia...
Correlation times for internal rotations of alkane chains from carbon-13 T1 data

Abstract Rotational correlation times for methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc. end-group rotations of alkane chains are estimated using carbon-13 T 1 values. Fair agreement is found between relative values of the correlation times and the predictions of a simple hydrodynamic theory of the rotational rates.
High Resolution Methylome Analysis Reveals Widespread Functional Hypomethylation during Adult Human Erythropoiesis

Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to red cells requires coordinated expression of numerous erythroid genes and is characterized by nuclear condensation and extrusion during terminal development. To understand the regulatory mechanisms governing these widespread phenotypic changes, we conducted a high resolution methylomic and transcriptomic analysis of six major stages of human erythroid differentiation. We observed widespread epigenetic differences between early and late stages of erythropoiesis with progressive loss of methylation being the dominant change during differentiation. Gene bodies, intergenic regions, and CpG shores were preferentially demethylated during erythropoiesis. Epigenetic changes at transcription factor binding sites correlated significantly with changes in gene expression and were enriched for binding motifs for SCL, MYB, GATA, and other factors not previously implicated in erythropoiesis. Demethylation at gene promoters was associated with increased expression of genes, whereas epigenetic changes at gene bodies correlated inversely with gene expression. Important gene networks encoding erythrocyte membrane proteins, surface receptors, and heme synthesis proteins were found to be regulated by DNA methylation. Furthermore, integrative analysis enabled us to identify novel, potential regulatory areas of the genome as evident by epigenetic changes in a predicted PU.1 binding site in intron 1 of the GATA1 gene. This intronic site was found to be conserved across species and was validated to be a novel PU.1 binding site by quantitative ChIP in erythroid cells. Altogether, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of methylomic and transcriptomic changes during erythroid differentiation and demonstrates that human terminal erythropoiesis is surprisingly associated with hypomethylation of the genome.
Literature Survey on Structural Reliability

A brief overview of the structural reliability problem and its relationship to probabilistic and statistical concepts is given. Selected references on structural reliability are compiled from various sources. References address structural reliability and selected topics associated with implementing the structural reliability approach.
Balanced Dynamics of Mesoscale Vortices Produced in Simulated Convective Systems

Abstract Long-lived, mesoscale convective systems are known to occasionally produce mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in the lower to middle troposphere with horizontal scales averaging 100–200 km. The formation of MCVs is investigated using fully three-dimensional cloud model simulations of idealized, mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), initialized with a finite length line of unstable perturbations. In agreement with observations, the authors find that environmental conditions favoring MCV formation exhibit weak vertical shear confined to roughly the lowest 3 km, provided the Coriolis parameter (f) is chosen appropriate for midlatitudes. With f = 0, counterrotating vortices form on the line ends, positive to the north and negative to the south with westerly environmental shear. The MCV and end vortices are synonymous with anomalies of potential vorticity (PV). Using PV inversion techniques, the authors show that the vortices are nearly balanced, even with f = 0. However, the formation of mesoscale v...
Error Detection by Industry-Specialized Teams during Sequential Audit Review

To improve audit effectiveness, public accounting firms have organized their practices to include hierarchical review by teams organized along industry lines. We examine how industry specialized auditor teams detect errors, using a sophisticated experimental design. Our analysis of nominal teams created from seniors and managers working individually shows that seniors add value to the team by detecting more mechanical errors while managers detect more conceptual errors. Working within specialization, managers and seniors both contribute in a nonredundant way to the team’s overall effectiveness. We also find that the nominal teams outperform real teams in the detection of mechanical but not conceptual errors. These results only hold when the auditors work within in their industry specialization. Out of specialization the auditors are not effective at detecting errors, and real teams perform below the nominal team benchmark in the detection of both mechanical and conceptual errors.