cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From non-uniqueness to the best solution in phonemic analysis: evidence from Chengdu Chinese

The “non-uniqueness” theory assumes that there is no best solution in phonemic analysis; rather, competing solutions can co-exist, each having its own advantages (Chao, Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology 4: 363–398, 1934). The theory is based on the assumption that there is no common set of criteria to evaluate alternative solutions. I argue instead that such a set of criteria can be established and it is possible to find the best solution. The criteria include riming properties, rime structure, constraints on syllable gaps, phonemic economy, phonetics, syllable sizes, and feature theory. I illustrate the proposal with Chengdu. Four analyses are compared, the “CGV” segmentation, the “CV” segmentation, the “finest” segmentation, and the “CVX” segmentation, and CVX is shown to be the best.
THE FAT WITHIN: RARE CLINICAL CASE OF PERICARDIAL LIPOMA

Primary cardiac tumors have prevalence between 0.17 and 0.19%. Cardiac lipoma's are discovered incidentally. Despite their benign character, giant lipomas can cause life-threatening complications and require multimodality imaging and surgical intervention. A 65 year-old man presented with ankle
TRANSIENT SEVERE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND SYNCOPE ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVENOUS METHAMPHETAMINE USE

Workup of syncope in patients with RV dysfunction can be challenging, particularly when the chronicity of RV dysfunction is unclear. A 41-year-old man was admitted with syncope while running, resulting in multiple fractures, shortly after using IV methamphetamine. TTE revealed a dilated and
2D and 3D computational optical imaging using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs)

We propose to use deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) to perform 2D and 3D imaging through scattering media. The inverse scattering problem is solved based on learning a huge number of training target and speckle pairs. The proposed technique does not rely on a reference beam, thus employs a simpler optical setup than previous techniques without the need to know the imaging model and optical processes. This lack of the need to know a prior model of the forward operator is very important since many optimization techniques are very sensitive to errors caused by the inaccuracy of the forward model.
P-Type Pumps: H+/K+ Pump

The gastric H + ,K + -ATPase exchanges cytoplasmic hydronium with extracellular potassium. The gastric H + ,K + -ATPase is an α,β-heterodimeric enzyme. The catalytic subunit α-subunit has 10 transmembrane segments. The β-subunit has one transmembrane segment with the extracellular domain of the β-subunit having six or seven glycosylation sites. The enzyme pumps acid by a series of conformational changes from an E 1 (ion site in) to an E 2 (ion site out) conformation following binding of MgATP and phosphorylation. This enzyme is inhibited by the proton pump inhibitor class of drug, allowing therapy of acid-related diseases.
Mechanistic Studies of the Effect of Presenilins 1 and 2 on APP Metabolism

Humans inheriting missense mutations in the presenilins (PS) 1 and 2 genes undergo progressive cerebral deposition of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) at a very early age and develop a clinically and pathologically severe form of the familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Because PS1 and PS2 mutations cause the most aggressive known form of AD, it is important to elucidate the structure and function of this multi-transmembrane protein and the mechanism by which it produces disease. To these ends, we have carried out a series of studies during the last two years that provide strong evidence that mutant presenilins act by enhancing the amyloidogenic processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Here, we will review some of the salient findings from studies of the presenilin polypeptides and their pathogenic effects from our laboratory.
Exotic Volatility Scenarios

In Chapters 7 and 8, algorithms have been discussed that compute (best) worst-case prices under uncertain volatility scenarios in which ∂(S t,t) and ∂S u,u) are independent for t≠u. In this chapter we extend the notion of uncertain volatility scenarios to include evolutions of the spot volatility that depend on its past history.
Domain Independent Characterization of Parametric and Geometric Problems in Embodiment Design

In embodiment and detailed design one is often concerned with sizing and geometric arrangement. Constraint problems of satisfying certain relationships in feasible designs are often solved by domain specific procedures in design and manufacturing applications. This paper shows that a variety of such problems are reducible to a small set of generic problems solvable by domain-independent procedures. A taxonomy of constraint problem types is developed. The taxonomy is based on the types of entities, constraints, and tasks (reasoning or inquiry) that are to be performed. The "exemplar" is introduced as a new concept for describing complex situational patterns and extracting information of interest. Such a canonical representation of parametric problems is needed for designing cleaner interfaces between applications and generic solvers, as a basis for standardized data exchange between future CAD systems, and for providing the foundations for domain independent shells for parametric design.
Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism and Mental Retardation

Early in the twentieth century, the progress made in organic chemistry and in genetics came at a propitious time because a number of observations were made by astute physicians which advanced the concept that certain diseases occurred in families and were characterized by excretion of unusual chemicals in the urine. Garrod (1909) deservedly is credited with recognizing that an “inborn error of metabolism” was a distinct medical entity. In the sixty or more years since these cases were first described, substantial data have been provided that amino acids, carbohydrates and some lipid components are all involved in abnormalities seen in humans. This literature has been reviewed by Hsia, 1966 and by Stanberry, Wynngarden and Fredrickson, 1970. Many of these disease states have, as part of their clinical presentation, some associated brain involvement.
A Note on an Alternative Outlier Model

SUMMARY This paper examines modelling a single outlier in the normal theory fixed effects linear model as arising from an unknown observation with inflated variance. The maximum likelihood estimates are characterized in terms of standard least squares statistics. The estimated position of the outlier does not necessarily agree with the estimated position under the usual mean slippage outlier model, and an example where they differ is presented. A sufficient and common condition for agreement is given. leads to considering the Studentized residuals, since, under normality and the possibility of each observation being the outlier, the maximum likelihood estimate for the position of the possible outlier corresponds to the case with the largest absolute Studentized residual. Also, the likelihood ratio test statistic for the presence of an outlier in this model is a monotonic function of the largest absolute Studentized residual (Srikantan, 1961; Tietjen et al., 1973; Ellenberg, 1976). Intuitively, one might expect similar results to be true whenever the effect of a single outlier is modelled identically for all observations, regardless of values of the independent variables or fixed effects. We shall see that this is not necessarily so. We consider here a single outlier model that assumes an outlier arises from an error term with an inflated variance (Box and Tiao, 1968, consider this model from a Bayesian point of view). In Section 2 the model is defined and shown to be, after a parameter transformation, a special case of Harville's general linear model (Harville, 1977). The joint maximum likelihood estimates (MLE's) are characterized in Section 3, and an example where the estimated outlier does not correspond to the observation with the largest absolute Studentized residual is presented in Section 4. In the final section several issues pertinent to the modelling of outliers are discussed in terms of this model and the mean slippage model. Our intent here is not to propose this model as a common replacement for the mean slippage model, but rather to examine the performance of the mean slippage model under a plausible alternative.
Growing Nanoscale Model Surfaces to Enable Correlation of Catalytic Behavior Across Dissimilar Reaction Environments

Development of catalytic materials that can effectively facilitate currently challenging chemical transformations requires enhanced understanding of reaction mechanisms and insight into the structure and composition of optimal active site geometries. New methods for translating fundamental insights obtained in highly controlled environments to industrially viable catalysts that function under dramatically different operating conditions can accelerate the catalyst design process. This Perspective highlights the application of noble metal nanoparticles with well-defined surfaces as nanoscale experimental models that open up opportunities to correlate fundamental reactivity and catalytic performance across reaction environments of increasing complexity. Recent advances in synthetic control over both nanoparticle shape and composition allow for the generation of specific active site geometries of interest in materials that can be stable in both ultrahigh vacuum and elevated pressure gas-phase environments and...
Multicountry analysis of pregnancy termination and intimate partner violence in Latin America using Demographic and Health Survey data.

Objective To assess the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and pregnancy termination in Latin America. Methods Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data were analyzed for Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, Peru, and Guatemala. Women were asked about their experiences with violence by partners and pregnancy termination. The association between IPV and risk for termination was assessed using adjusted odds ratios (OR) with correction for intracluster correlations. Results The average prevalence of IPV across the five countries was 31.8%. Women who reported IPV had 1.4 times the odds of experiencing pregnancy termination OR 1.41 (95% CI, 1.32-1.50). A positive dose-response relationship was observed between IPV and termination; a woman who reported three types of IPV showed three times the odds of experiencing pregnancy termination compared with a woman who did not report IPV. Elimination of exposure to IPV in all five countries was associated with 167 743 fewer pregnancy terminations. Conclusion IPV is a risk factor for pregnancy termination. Reduction or elimination of IPV is associated with substantial decline in pregnancy terminations in Latin America. Routine prenatal screening for IPV and counseling could potentially avert a substantial number of pregnancy terminations in these settings.
Asymmetric Hydrophosphylation of Chiral N-Phosphonyl Imines Provides an Efficient Approach to Chiral α-Amino Phosphonates

Chiral N-phosphonylimines were found to react with lithium phosphites to provide various substituted chiral α-amino phosphonates in excellent yields (94–97%) and diastereoselectivities (93:7–99:1). The types of bases utilized for generating the nucleophile are crucial for the effectiveness of asymmetric induction. In addition, N,N-isopropyl group on chiral N-phosphonylimine auxilliary was proven to be superior to other protecting groups in controlling diastereoselectivity. The absolute configuration was unambiguously determined by converting a chiral α-amino phosphonate into its authentic N-Cbz derivative.
Economic Model Predictive Control and Process Equipment: Control-Induced Thermal Stress in a Pipe

Recent work on economic model predictive control (EMPC) has indicated that some processes may be operated in a more economically-optimal fashion under a time-varying operating policy than under a steady-state operating policy. However, a concern for time-varying operation is how such a change in operating policy might impact the equipment within which the processes being controlled are carried out. While under steady-state operation, the operating conditions to which equipment would regularly be exposed can be estimated, this would be more difficult to assess thoroughly a priori under time-varying operation. It could be explored whether the EMPC could be made aware of any impacts the control actions that it chooses might have on equipment, and then to seek to impose constraints on these impacts. This would require explicit consideration of equipment design, material properties/behavior, and material loading at the EMPC design stage. This work provides an initial exploration of this topic by seeking to extract principles related to the integration of equipment material fidelity considerations and EMPC through an example accounting for a simple preliminary case of thermal stresses in a pipe at equilibrium conditions.
“Digital Show-How”: Extreme Active Learning for Introductory Programming

For the past ten years we have employed active learning methods in introductory programming classes at UNC Chapel Hill. In this report we present experience with one such method we call “digital show-how”, in which students learn to program apprentice-fashion, by doing programming in class. Digital show-how is extreme active learning. Students do a lot of programming, in real-time, in class as the instructor shows them how. They get instant feedback on their work, and so have constant low-stakes assessments. We describe the goals for the classes, the tools and methods we have developed to support digital show-how, and the results we have measured on how well the goals are being met.
The Revolution of Reform Cinema: Iranian Politics on the Silver Screen

Reform Cinema in Iran: Film and Political Change in the Islamic Republic, by Blake Atwood. Columbia University Press, 2016. 280pp., Pb. $30.00/£24.00 ISBN-13: 9780231178174; Hb. $90.00/£70.00 ISBN-13: 9780231178167.
Pharmacist recommendations for prophylactic enoxaparin monitoring and dose adjustment in trauma patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit.

Background: There is limited information describing pharmacist participation in prophylactic enoxaparin monitoring in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Objective: Our study sought to: 1) characterize pharmacist recommendations for enoxaparin monitoring in trauma patients admitted to the SICU, 2) describe the frequency that medical providers accept pharmacist recommendations for enoxaparin monitoring in trauma patients admitted to the SICU, and 3) illustrate the frequency that trauma patients admitted to our SICU service achieve anti-factor Xa trough concentrations (AFXa-TRs) of 0.11 - 0.20 IU/mL following pharmacist recommendation to adjust prophylactic enoxaparin dosing. Methods: Adult patients who had an AFXa-TR drawn after at least three consecutive prophylactic enoxaparin doses between June 1, 2017 and March 1, 2018 were identified through chart review and included in this study. Patients were excluded based on the following criteria: 1) age less than 18 years, 2) anti-factor Xa (AFXa) level not representative of a trough concentration, 3) AFXa-TR not representative of steady state concentration, and 4) non-trauma based prophylactic enoxaparin dosing. This study was exempt from IRB review. Results: The final analysis consisted of 42 patients. A pharmacist provided at least one recommendation in 97.6% (41/42) of trauma patients with enoxaparin monitoring during their SICU stay. In total, a pharmacist made 170 recommendations, mean of 4.2 (SD 1.8) recommendations per patient. Recommendations were: 1) obtain an AFXa-TR, n=90; 2) adjust enoxaparin dose based on AFXa-TR, n=58; and 3) maintain enoxaparin dose based on AFXa-TR, n=22. Medical providers accepted 89.4% (152/170) of pharmacist recommendations for enoxaparin monitoring. Dose adjustments were made in 33 patients following pharmacist recommendation; of these, 27 had a repeat AFXa-TR following at least one dose adjustment. Target AFXa-TRs were achieved in 19/27 patients, indicating 70.4% had recommended AFXa concentrations. Conclusions: Pharmacists provided recommendations for prophylactic enoxaparin monitoring and dose adjustment in trauma patients admitted to the SICU. Medical providers regularly accepted pharmacist recommendations and trauma patients commonly achieved target AFXa-TR following pharmacist recommendation for dose adjustment. Further research is required to identify the optimal enoxaparin dose for VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients.
Language: Do Bilinguals Think Differently in Each Language?

Summary Whether the representation of concepts depends on the language used to express them is controversial. A new study with sign–speech bilingual participants has found that neural representations of semantic categories, such as fruit, are shared across languages but individual items, such as apple, are not.
The location of sensing determines the pancreatic β-cell response to the viral mimetic dsRNA

Viral infection is an environmental trigger that has been suggested to initiate pancreatic β-cell damage, leading to the development of autoimmune diabetes. Viruses potently activate the immune system and can damage β cells by either directly infecting them or stimulating the production of secondary effector molecules (such as proinflammatory cytokines) during bystander activation. However, how and where β cells recognize viruses is unclear, and the antiviral responses that are initiated following virus recognition are incompletely understood. In this study, we show that the β-cell response to dsRNA, a viral replication intermediate known to activate antiviral responses, is determined by the cellular location of sensing (intracellular versus extracellular) and differs from the cellular response to cytokine treatment. Using biochemical and immunological methods, we show that β cells selectively respond to intracellular dsRNA by expressing type I interferons (IFNs) and inducing apoptosis, but that they do not respond to extracellular dsRNA. These responses differ from the activities of cytokines on β cells, which are mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and β-cell production of nitric oxide. These findings provide evidence that the antiviral activities of type I IFN production and apoptosis are elicited in β cells via the recognition of intracellular viral replication intermediates and that β cells lack the capacity to respond to extracellular viral intermediates known to activate innate immune responses.
Confronting the Realities of Volunteering for a National Disaster

Responding to a national appeal for mental health volunteers to assist with disaster relief efforts is an altruistic act. However, the reality of the actual work of a mental health volunteer can be jarring. In the course of providing services to traumatized individuals, mental health providers are in a position to share the emotional burden of the trauma, become a witness to the damage, recognize the realities of dealing with federal and state agencies, and observe the inequitable distribution of resources. The following is my story of what it was like before, during, and after my experience as a mental health volunteer in the Gulfport/Biloxi, Mississippi area two months after the destruction of August 2005. I hope that sharing my story will encourage other mental health counselors to play a role in responding to the needs created by events like Hurricane Katrina.
A sharp X-ray absorption feature in the BL Lacertae object PKS 2155-304

The present absorption feature from PKS 2155-304 appears at 600 eV and extends to higher energies by 50-100 eV, in a 0.38-1.6 keV spectrum that can be fitted by a single absorption edge or through plus two power laws, with slopes that are consistent with simultaneous measurements of the 2-10 keV flux. Ionized oxygen absorption is the most likely cause of this sharp feature, in the form of a K edge of O VIII, or an O VIII Lyman-alpha resonance absorption trough from high velocity material, or an O VIII Lyman-alpha absorption trough from a hot, O-rich intergalactic medium with near critical density.
Rotating to the Top: How Career Tracks Matter in the Chinese Communist Party

This paper takes a novel perspective on the selection of leaders in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) by focusing on career tracks of high-level CCP officials. Career tracks are defined as clusters of similar career trajectories with respect to both vertical and horizontal movements. We measure career tracks of full and alternate CCP Central Committee members from 1982 to 2017 using machine learning techniques and investigate their role in political selection. We find that the career tracks corresponding to high starting positions and frequent rotations are associated with significantly higher probabilities of obtaining top leadership positions in the CCP despite the influence of patronage networks. Moreover, when comparing the relative importance of career tracks and personal connections over time, we find suggestive evidence that the Chinese political system has become more personalistic in the past few years.
Secretory Phospholipase A2 Inhibition Attenuates Adhesive Properties of Esophageal Barrett's Cells.

Abstract Background Gastroesophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus are significant risk factors for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Group IIa secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) catalyzes the production of various proinflammatory metabolites and plays a critical role in promoting reflux-induced inflammatory changes within the distal esophagus. We hypothesized that inhibition of sPLA2 in human Barrett's cells would attenuate adhesion molecule expression via decreased activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and decrease cell proliferation, possibly mitigating the invasive potential of Barrett's esophagus. Materials and methods Normal human esophageal epithelial cells (HET1A) and Barrett's cells (CPB) were assayed for baseline sPLA2 expression. CPB cells were treated with a specific inhibitor of sPLA2 followed by tumor necrosis factor-α. Protein expression was evaluated using immunoblotting. Cell proliferation was assessed using an MTS cell proliferation assay kit. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test or analysis of variance, where appropriate. Results CPB cells demonstrated higher baseline sPLA2 expression than HET1A cells (P = 0.0005). Treatment with 30 μM sPLA2 inhibitor significantly attenuated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (P = 0.004) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (P Conclusions sPLA2 inhibition in human Barrett's cells decreases cellular adhesive properties and NF-κB activation as well as decreases cell proliferation, signifying downregulation of the inflammatory response and possible attenuation of cellular malignant potential. These findings identify sPLA2 inhibition as a potential chemopreventive target for premalignant lesions of the esophagus.
Corticotropin-releasing factor distribution in the brain of the brown anole lizard

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is best known for its involvement in peripheral glucocorticoid release across vertebrate species. However, CRF is also produced and released throughout various brain regions to regulate central aspects of the stress response. While these various CRF populations have been described extensively in mammals, less is known about their distributions in other amniotes, and only a handful of studies have ever examined CRF distributions in reptiles. Out study is the first to map CRF cell and fiber distributions in the brain of a lizard, the brown anole (Anolis sagrei). Our results indicate that brown anole CRF distributions are highly similar to those in snakes and turtles. However, unlike in these other reptile species, we find immunofluorescent CRF neurons in a few additional brown anole locations, most notably the supraoptic nucleus. The CRF distribution in the present study is also similar to published CRF descriptions in mammals and birds, although our findings, as well as the other published reports in reptiles, collectively suggest that reptiles possess a slightly more restricted distribution of CRF cell populations than do mammals and birds.
Hospitalist perspectives on barriers to recommend and potential benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Background: Hospitalists, comprised of nurse practitioners and physician assistants (collectively, advanced practice providers [APPs]) and physicians, have opportunities to counsel patients and reduce SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy. However, hospitalist perspectives on the COVID-19 vaccine and potential differences between APPs and physicians are unknown. Understanding hospitalist perspectives could help to address vaccine hesitancy among patients.Methods: We conducted an online survey of hospitalists at Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin from 14 December 2020 through 4 January 2021. We collected demographic information and assessed perspectives on the COVID-19 vaccine and, for comparison, on the influenza vaccine. Descriptive statistics were used to compare responses between APPs and physicians.Results: The overall response rate was 42.7% (n = 128/300) and comprised of 53.9% women (n = 69/128) and 41.4% APPs (n = 53/128). Most hospitalists reported receiving or planning to receive vaccination against COVID-19 (93.7%; n = 119/128) and influenza (97.7%; n = 125/128). Most hospitalists reported they would advise 100% of patients to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (66% for APPs; 74.7% for physicians) and influenza vaccine (83% for APPs; 80% for physicians). Barriers to recommending the COVID-19 vaccine included patient health status and vaccine safety profile. Hospitalists reported that patients and coworkers receiving the COVID-19 vaccine would reduce their anxiety (~80% of hospitalists), social isolation (~64% of hospitalists), and improve their emotional support (~40% of hospitalists). APP and physician responses were similar. The possible reduction in social isolation was associated with higher odds of hospitalists advising all patients to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio 2.95 [95% confidence interval, 1.32-6.59]; P< .008), whereas hospitalist age, gender, and profession showed no association.Conclusion: Most hospitalists would reportedly advise patients to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Barriers to this recommendation included patient health status and vaccine safety. Hospitalists are an important resource to provide patient education and reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
Automated Assessment of Quality and Coverage of Ideas in Students’ Source-Based Writing

Source-based writing is an important academic skill in higher education, as it helps instructors evaluate students’ understanding of subject matter. To assess the potential for supporting instructors’ grading, we design an automated assessment tool for students’ source-based summaries with natural language processing techniques. It includes a special-purpose parser that decomposes the sentences into clauses, a pre-trained semantic representation method, a novel algorithm that allocates ideas into weighted content units and another algorithm for scoring students’ writing. We present results on three sets of student writing in higher education: two sets of STEM student writing samples and a set of reasoning sections of case briefs from a law school preparatory course. We show that this tool achieves promising results by correlating well with reliable human rubrics, and by helping instructors identify issues in grades they assign. We then discuss limitations and two improvements: a neural model that learns to decompose complex sentences into simple sentences, and a distinct model that learns a latent representation.
Residuos plásticos automotrices como agregados para concretos y morteros sostenibles

The article addresses the issue of automotive plastic waste —because they are very often deposited in landfills, increasing soil contamination— and proposes its use as aggregates for sustainable concretes and mortars. An overview of land and maritime pollution by plastic waste is presented, and some data on contamination by automotive plastics are included. The article is based on two contemporary concepts: i) urban metabolism; and ii) industrial ecology. From them is carried a systematic search of researches out that, at global level, explore the feasibility of using plastic waste —of diverse origins—, as inputs for the construction industry. It is concluded that this alternative transforms plastic waste, both automotive and other industries, in useful and valuable inputs for architecture and civil engineering.
FUS-net: U-Net-based FUS interference filtering

Imaging applications tailored towards ultrasound-based treatment, such as high intensity focused ultrasound (FUS), where higher power ultrasound generates a radiation force for ultrasound elasticity imaging or therapeutics/theranostics, are affected by interference from FUS. The artifact becomes more pronounced with intensity and power. To overcome this limitation, we propose FUS-net, a method that incorporates a CNN-based U-net autoencoder trained end-to-end on ’clean’ and ’corrupted’ RF data in Tensorflow 2.3 for FUS artifact removal. The network learns the representation of RF data and FUS artifacts in latent space so that the output of corrupted RF input is clean RF data. We find that FUS-net perform 15% better than stacked autoencoders (SAE) on evaluated test datasets. B-mode images beamformed from FUS-net RF shows superior speckle quality and better contrast-to-noise (CNR) than both notch-filtered and adaptive least means squares filtered RF data. Furthermore, FUS-net filtered images had lower errors and higher similarity to clean images collected from unseen scans at all pressure levels. Lastly, FUS-net RF can be used with existing cross-correlation speckle-tracking algorithms to generate displacement maps. FUS-net currently outperforms conventional filtering and SAEs for removing high pressure FUS interference from RF data, and hence may be applicable to all FUS-based imaging and therapeutic methods.
Abstract 16119: Novel Genotype Guided Personalized Warfarin Service Improves Outcomes in an Ethnically Diverse Population

Objective: Personalized warfarin dosing was implemented at UI-Health, with dosing recommendations provided by a pharmacogenetics (PGx) consult service. Our aim was to compare anticoagulation-related outcomes between patients followed by the PGx service and historical controls. Methods: Multivariate linear, logistic, and Cox regression models were used to examine the association between exposure to the PGx service and outcomes. Results: A total of 389 patients on the PGx service (mean age 56±16 years; 53% African American; 56% female) and 308 controls (mean age 53±16 years; 71% African American, 64% female) were included. The median (IQR) time to therapeutic INR was 4 (2-6) days in the PGx group and 11 (7-15) days in controls (p Conclusion: Clinical implementation of personalized warfarin dosing improved time to therapeutic INR and stable dose, increased the likelihood of having a therapeutic INR on discharge, reduced the likelihood of INRs at extremes and led to shorter use of LMWH versus historical controls.
Rape and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Examining the Mediating Role of Explicit Sex–Power Beliefs for Men Versus Women:

Many rape survivors exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent literature suggests survivors’ beliefs about sex and control may affect PTSD symptoms. The present study examined beliefs about sex and power as potential mediators of the relationship between rape and PTSD symptoms for men versus women. Participants (N = 782) reported lifetime history of rape, current PTSD symptoms, and beliefs about sex and power. Women reported higher levels of lifetime history of rape than men (19.7% for women; 9.7% for men). While rape history predicted PTSD symptoms for both genders, beliefs about sex and power were shown to be a significant partial mediator of this relationship for men, but not for women. Results extend the literature on rape and PTSD by suggesting that survivors’ beliefs about sex and power are connected and can affect their PTSD symptoms. Additionally, results illustrate how sexual violence against men may reaffirm male gender roles that entail power and aggression, and ulti...
Legal Issues of Maternity and Inheritance for the Biotech Child of the 21st Century

The increasing use of assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization, raises new and complex legal issues of parentage and inheritance. This Article examines the various reasons people use assisted reproductive technologies, issues that have arisen due to the use of these procedures, and the ways in which courts and legislatures address these issues. The article concludes by exploring unresolved issues facing children produced as a result of the use of assisted reproductive technologies.
Effects of Power Line Radiation into the Magnetosphere

VLF power line radiation (PLR) can cause triggering, suppression and entrainment of whistler-mode chorus emissions in the magnetosphere. High-altitude OGO-3 spectral data show evidence of enhanced chorus activity over centers of population and industry, indicating that PLR may play a significant role in the excitation of VLF whistler-mode noise and the associated precipitation of electrons. Sampled OGO-3 data showed chorus elements starting in multiples of 50 Hz in the European-Siberia sector, of 60 Hz in the United States-Canada sector, of either 50 or 60 Hz in the Alaska (60-Hz system)-New Zealand (50-Hz system) sector. Low-altitude Ariel III data on the intensity of all types of VLF activity at 3.2 kHz showed enhanced noise over populated areas and their conjugates, but the relative contributions of lightning and PLR were not assessed. VLF data from the low-altitude OGO-4 scanning receiver (150–1500 Hz; 200 orbits; 1966–67) detected PLR from both 50-Hz and 60-Hz systems with average intensities near 1.0 mγ; PLR intensities greater than 10 mγ were detected less than 10% of the time. Intensities were low in the midnight and dawn sector.
Conformal dimension of the antenna set

We show that the self-similar set known as the "antenna set" has the property that inff dim(f(X)) = 1 (where the infimum is over all quasiconformal mappings of the plane), but that this infimum is not attained by any quasiconformal map; indeed, is not attained for any quasisymmetric map into any metric space. Given a compact metric space X we define its conformal dimension as Cdim(X) = inf dim(f (X)), f where the infimum is over all quasisymmetric maps of X into some metric space and "dim" denotes Hausdorff dimension. Recall that f is quasisymmetric if there is a homeomorphism 17 of [0, oo) to itself such that ix Yt If(x) f(y)W 2, these are exactly the same as quasiconformal maps. This notion of conformal dimension was introduced by Pansu [9]. See also [4] and [10]. In this note we are interested in the question of whether the infimum above must be attained by some quasisymmetric image of X. It is known that for some sets (e.g., the usual Cantor middle thirds set in IR) the conformal dimension is zero, whereas any quasisymmetric image must have strictly positive dimension. Here we answer a question of Heinonen's (Section 15, [7]) by proving Theorem 1. There is a compact, connected X C IR2 so that for every quasisymmetric map f of X into a metric space, dim(f(X)) > 1 -Cdim(X). In particular, this holds for all quasiconformal self-maps of the plane, which is already an interesting case. Our set is the self-similar set associated to the four conformal contractions f1 (z) =2Z, f2 (Z) = z+2 f3x(z) -aiz * 2, f4 (z) = -cviz + 2 + ati, Received by the editors November 15, 1999 and, in revised form, April 27, 2000. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 30C62; Secondary 28A78.
Aminomalononitrile p‐Toluenesulfonate

Aminomalononitrile p-toluenesulfonate reactant: Malononitrile (25 g., 0.38 mole) product: aminomalononitrile p-toluenesulfonate Keywords: nitrosation; oxidation, miscellaneous; reduction, CNOH CH2NH2; reduction, miscellaneous; malononitrile; tetrahydrofuran, purification
Struggling with jung: The value of uncertainty

(1995). Struggling with jung: The value of uncertainty. Psychological Perspectives: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 46-54.
Studying the role of CAML in T cell biology (IRM10P.741)

Effective T cell function protects us from pathogens as well as cancer. However when T cell activation is dysfunctional, it has detrimental effects. If T cell activation cannot be shut down, it may cause autoimmunity. Therefore, it is crucial for us to study how T cell activation is regulated. Calcium modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAML) is a ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum protein. Using a transgenic conditional knock-out mouse model to delete CAML, we previously demonstrated that CAML is required for early embryonic development and thymopoiesis. Additionally, cells lacking CAML do not respond to EGFR stimulation due to a receptor recycling defect. However, the role of CAML in mature, peripheral T cells is not well understood. Here we provide preliminary data showing that loss of CAML in peripheral T cells leads to defective T cell activation and proliferation upon TCR stimulation, and inducing cell death through Fas ligand engagement. We hypothesize that CAML regulates components that are required to sustain optimum TCR signaling and function. T cell responsiveness to TCR stimulation is critical for T cells to deliver effector functions during antigen recognition and activation. Therefore understanding the regulation of TCR signaling by CAML will provide insight into novel mechanisms of immune regulation. These studies may provide potential treatments of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity or other inflammation associated diseases.
State Health Agencies and Quality Improvement in Perinatal Care

The origin of the federal-state partnership in Maternal and Child Health (MCH) can be traced from the Children9s Bureau grants of 1912, through the Sheppard-Towner Act, to the creation of Title V and other programs of today that mandate planning, accountability, and systems development. In the past decade with the transformation of the health care system and the emergence of managed care, there has been a resurgence of interest in public, professional, and governmental interest in quality measurement and accountability. Regional perinatal systems have been implemented in all states with varying levels of involvement by state health agencies and the public sector. This historical framework discusses two primary themes: the decades of evolution in the federal-state partnership, and the emergence in the last three decades of perinatal regional system policy, and suggests that the structure of the federal-state partnership has encouraged state variation. A survey of state MCH programs was undertaken to clarify their operational and perceived role in promoting quality improvement in perinatal care. Data and information from the survey, along with five illustrative state case studies, demonstrate great variation in how individual state agencies function. State efforts in quality improvement, a process to make things better, have four arenas of activity: policy development and implementation, definition and measurement of quality, data collection and analysis, and communication to affect change. Few state health agencies (through their MCH programs and perinatal staff) are taking action in all four arenas. This analysis concludes that there are improvements MCH programs could implement without significant expansion in their authority or resources and points out that there is an opportunity for states to be more proactive as they have the legal authority and responsibility for assuring MCH outcomes.
Hypermedia APIs for sensor data: a pragmatic approach to the web of things

As our world becomes more instrumented, sensors are appearing in our homes, cars, and on our bodies [12]. These sensors are connected to a diverse set of systems and protocols driven by cost, power, bandwidth, and more. Despite this heterogeneous infrastructure, we need to be able to build applications that use that data, and the most value comes from integrating these disparate sources together. Infrastructure for the Internet of Things (including not just consumer products but sensors and actuators of all kinds) is becoming more commonplace, but we need an application layer to enable interoperability and create a Web of Things. Here we introduce a pragmatic, hypermedia approach to the Web of Things, integrating HTTP request/response interactions with realtime streaming using HTML5 WebSockets. We will discuss how our approach enables client/server interactions that are both evolvable by the server and discoverable by the client. Rather than attempt to define yet another competing standard, we incorporate a collection of complementary standards already in use. We will also describe our implementation of these concepts in ChainAPI, a sensor data server in use by a variety of projects within our research group. We will describe one of several end-to-end applications as a successful case study.
Effect of restoration thickness at the cavosurface bevel on the class IV acid-etched retained composite resin restoration.

1. Bnrkmeier WW, Abrams H, Brookreson J W: Technique for an immediate temporary fixed tooth replacement. J PROS~E.I DENT 41:155, 1979. 2. Srolpa JR: An adhesive technique for small anterior fixed partial dentures. J P~wrtrw DENT. 34:513, 1975. 3. Nathanson D, hIoin K: Metal-reinforced anterior tooth replacement using a~ici-etch~romporite resin technique. J PROS~HE.I~ DENT 43:408, 1980. 4. Howe DF, Denehy GE: Anterior fixed partial dentures ulilizing the acid-et< h technique and a casl metal framework. J PROS.I.H~~I DEUT 37~28, 1975. 5.
Generalization of socio-rational secret sharing with a new utility function

Rational secret sharing shows that, in a setting with rational players, secret sharing and multiparty computation are only possible if the actual secret reconstruction round remains unknown to the parties. However, in socio-rational secret sharing, players not only are rational but also are foresighted. In other words, the secret sharing game is repeatedly played and players are only invited to each game based on their reputation. This social reinforcement stimulates the players to be cooperative. As our contribution, we revisit socio-rational secret sharing and generalize it from the utility computation aspect. We show that, in (2; 2) and (t; n) socio-rational secret sharing, it is always in players' best interest to cooperate using our new utility function.
Similarities and Differences Between Models of Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction and Complete Biliary Retention without Obstruction in the Rat

Biliary obstruction in the rat causes known biochemical and morphological abnormalities. These abnormalities might be caused simply by retention of biliary constituents or might require other factors such as high biliary pressure, interruption of the normal flux of fluid, ions, and other biliary constituents through the hepatocyte and/or changes in intracellular concentrations, binding, and distribution of biliary constituents. We studied a choledochocaval (CC) fistula rat model characterized by complete biliary retention without bile stasis. CC fistula animals were compared with biliary obstructed rats over a 46-hr period. Bile flow and bile acid excretion rate reached high levels by hour 5 and remained high in CC fistula rats. Urinary bile acid excretion, shrinkage of the rapidly exchangeable bile acid pool, and serum bile acid and bilirubin concentrations were equivalent in the two models. Serum cholesterol concentration was higher and serum alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase activities lower in obstructed rats. The percentage of beta-muricholate rose and the percentage of cholate decreased in bile acid from obstructed rats. This was associated with increased microsomal 6 beta-hydroxylase activity. Bile acid composition and microsomal 6 beta-hydroxylase activity changed little in CC fistula rats. Morphological examination revealed greater damage in obstructed rat livers. These data indicate that factors other than simple retention of biliary constituents contribute to the abnormalities observed in extrahepatic biliary obstruction.
Methods for Measuring Diffusion of a Social Media-Based Health Intervention

This study evaluated the feasibility of measuring diffusion from a social networking community-level intervention. One year after completion of a randomized controlled HIV prevention trial on Facebook, 112 minority men who have sex with men (MSM) were asked to refer African-American and/or Latino sex partners to complete a survey. Results suggest that, compared to non-referrers, referrers spent more time online, controlling for age, race, education, and condition. Over 60% of referrals reported hearing about the intervention, and over half reported that the referrer talked to them about changing health behaviors. Results provide support and initial feasibility of using social networking for diffusing community-based HIV interventions.
Prolactin and growth hormone do not interfere with the response of mouse testes to hCG in vitro.

In incubations of decapsulated mouse testes with a maximally stimulating dose of hCG, the accumulation of testosterone was not affected by the addition of PRL at concentrations from 0.1 to 50 μg/ml or GH at concentrations from 0.5 to 25 μg/ml.
Supersymmetry and the binding of a magnetic atom to a filamentary current.

We suggest the binding of neutral atoms to a current carrying wire through the interaction between the atomic magnetic dipole moment and the wire's magnetic field. The theoretical description is based upon an extension of the concept of supersymmetry to multicomponent wave functions. A solution for spin $\frac{1}{2}$ particles is obtained directly in coordinate space. Spin 1 particles are considered as well. Experimentally, the system should be immediately realizable for 25 mK sodium atoms around a wire with a diameter of $0.5\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and a current of 400 mA.
Frequent Human Herpesvirus-6 Viremia But Low Incidence of Encephalitis in Double-Unit Cord Blood Recipients Transplanted Without Antithymocyte Globulin

Abstract Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a known risk factor for human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection. We analyzed the nature of HHV-6 infections in 125 double-unit CBT recipients (median age, 42 years) transplanted for hematologic malignancies with calcineurin inhibitor/mycophenolate mofetil prophylaxis and no antithymocyte globulin. One hundred seventeen patients (94%) reactivated HHV-6 by quantitative plasma PCR (median peak, 7600 copies/mL; range, 100 to 160,000) at a median of 20 days (range, 10 to 59) after transplantation. HHV-6 encephalitis occurred in 2 patients (1.6%), of whom 1 died and 1 recovered with therapy. No association was found between high-level HHV-6 viremia (≥10,000 or ≥25,000 copies/mL) and age, diagnosis, conditioning intensity, or dominant unit characteristics or between high-level viremia and transplant outcomes (engraftment, cytomegalovirus reactivation, day 100 grades II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease, day 100 transplant-related mortality, or 1-year disease-free survival). HHV-6 therapy delayed the onset of cytomegalovirus reactivation. Interestingly, HHV-6 resolution was observed in untreated patients, and resolution of viremia correlated with absolute lymphocyte count recovery. We observed a low incidence of encephalitis and no association with CBT outcomes. Our data suggest therapy in uncomplicated viremia may not be warranted. However, further investigation of the risk-to-benefit of HHV-6 viremia treatment and standardization of PCR testing is required.