cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(197) Association of Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue with Sensitization in Outpatient Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) have episodic crisis pain and chronic pain. Little is known about SCD chronic pain phenotypes. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) identifies the objective contribution of allodynia and hyperalgesia to chronic SCD pain phenotypes. However, self-report measures are needed to further characterize SCD chronic pain phenotypes. Our aim was to determine associations among QST-determined sensitization and anxiety, depression, and fatigue among outpatients with SCD. In a cross-sectional study, subjects (N=186, mean age 36.6 ± 11.7 years [19-74 years], 97% African American, 59% female; SC type 72% SS, 18% SC, 5% S-β thal+, 4% unknown) completed thermal and mechanical QST [heat/cold/mechanical pain thresholds and levels]) at three body sites. They completed pain intensity (API [average of pain now, least, and worst pain in the past 24 hours]) on a scale of 0 [no pain] to 10 [pain as bad as it could be] and the PROMIS anxiety (α=.90), depression (α=.94), and fatigue (α=.83) scales (higher scores represent more of the concept being measured). Descriptive analysis, Independent t-tests, and multiple linear logistic regression were conducted. QST findings indicated that 58 (31%) patients had sensitization and 126 (68%) did not have sensitization (two had missing data). Bivariate analysis for sensitized vs not sensitized groups were API, 5.3 ± 2.2 vs. 4.0 ± 2.4 (p= 0.001); anxiety, 56.2 ± 8.5 vs 52.6 ± 9.1 (p= 0.01); depression, 55.1 ± 10.2 vs 51.0 ± 9.2 (p= 0.01); and fatigue, 59.8 ± 9.1 vs 54.9 ± 8.6 (p=.001). API, fatigue, depression, and anxiety were not significant in the logistic regression model including all four as predictors of sensitization. Focus of future studies should be on factors that are associated with sensitization in adults with SCD. Supported by grant #: R01 HL124945-01 (MPIs: Wilkie, Molokie, Wang).
Asians on the Rim: Transnational Capital and Local Community in the Making of Contemporary Asian America.

(1996). Asians on the Rim: Transnational Capital and Local Community in the Making of Contemporary Asian America. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 1-24.
Outcomes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Cirrhosis.

To better describe the outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in mechanically ventilated patients with cirrhosis. Design Single-center, retrospective study of mechanically ventilated patients with cirrhosis between 2008 and 2015. Setting ICU at a large academic medical and transplant center. Patients One hundred eighty-one mechanically ventilated patients with cirrhosis. Interventions Demographic and clinical data were reviewed, and acute respiratory distress syndrome was identified per Berlin criteria. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics on ICU admission in patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary endpoint was hospital mortality (including discharge to hospice). Mortality risk was stratified by Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease. Measurements and Main Results The mean age in 181 eligible patients was 53 ± 11 years; 67% were male; and 91% were Caucasian. In all, n = 35 (19%) of mechanically ventilated patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome. They were more frequently female (46% vs 30%; p = 0.08), with suspected infection (86% vs 53%; p < 0.001), and had higher mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (32 vs 24; p < 0.001) and Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (15 vs 11; p < 0.001) than patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hospital mortality was higher in patients with (40%) versus without (22%) acute respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.03). In the risk-adjusted analysis (for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and age), acute respiratory distress syndrome was not independently associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.80; CI, 0.3-2.5; p = 0.7). Conclusions Acute respiratory distress syndrome is common in mechanically ventilated patients with cirrhosis but is not independently associated with increased mortality.
Detection of genetic variation with radioactive ligands. I. Electrophoretic screening of plasma proteins with a selected panel of compounds.

Abstract To detect new genetic variation in human plasma proteins, a panel of 63 radioactive substances were screened as potential radioligands using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and autoradiography. Vitamins, hormones, drugs, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, sugars and lipids labeled with 14C or other radionuclides were among those substances tested. A majority bound to albumin and a smaller fraction to prealbumins and lipoproteins. Several vitamins and hormones bound to specific alpha and beta globulins. (1) Electrophoretic polymorphisms of vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component), a vitamin B12-binding protein (transcobalamin II), and thyroxine-binding alpha-globulin are described elsewhere. (2) Testosterone-binding beta-globulin (TeBG) showed an electrophoretic polymorphism in Caucasians and a possible deficiency allele. (3) Transcortin showed an electrophoretic doublet in all persons tested but no electrophoretic variation. (4) A protein binding derivative of norepinephrine or epinephrine was identified as transferrin. (5) A nonpolymorphic protein running cathodal to albumin and binding a derivative of riboflavin was tentatively identified as a fraction of albumin with mobility altered as a result of interaction with the ligand.
Safe CRISPR-Cas9 Inhibition of HIV-1 with High Specificity and Broad-Spectrum Activity by Targeting LTR NF-κB Binding Sites.

Viral latency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has become a major hurdle to a cure in the highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system has successfully been demonstrated to excise or inactivate integrated HIV-1 provirus from infected cells by targeting the long terminal repeat (LTR) region. However, the guide RNAs (gRNAs) have classically avoided transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are readily observed and known to be important in human promoters. Although conventionally thought unfavorable due to potential impact on human promoters, our computational pipeline identified gRNA sequences that were predicted to inactivate HIV-1 transcription by targeting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) binding sites (gNFKB0, gNFKB1) with a high safety profile (lack of predicted or observed human edits) and broad-spectrum activity (predicted coverage of known viral sequences). Genome-wide, unbiased identification of double strand breaks (DSBs) enabled by sequencing (GUIDE-seq) showed that the gRNAs targeting NF-κB binding sites had no detectable CRISPR-induced off-target edits in HeLa cells. 5′ LTR-driven HIV-1 transcription was significantly reduced in three HIV-1 reporter cell lines. These results demonstrate a working model to specifically target well-known TFBSs in the HIV-1 LTR that are readily observed in human promoters to reduce HIV-1 transcription with a high-level safety profile and broad-spectrum activity.
Why is Sarah Crying

“The illiberality of liberalism,” a notion that continually frustrates my attempts to convey it to my students, relates to another significant autobiographical story, one that includes my daughter’s introduction to literacy. Always aware of Madeleine Grumet’s (1988) assertion that the paradigm for teaching is mothering, I present this story for the lessons it holds for the work of moving students to engage with the global egalitarian project.
Flight Testing of Predictive Energy Management Displays for Light Aircraft

Loss of control at low altitude in the traffic pattern is one of the main causes of fatal accidents in general aviation. A large number of loss-of-control accidents can be attributed to the pilot loosing awareness of the energy state of the aircraft. An intuitive and accessible display for energy state and specific excess power can potentially remedy these types of accidents. As general aviation aircraft are not equipped to measure a large number of dynamic parameters, such a predictive energy display must be based on an algorithm running on a reduced set of parameters readily available from the current generation of light aircraft avionics. This paper discusses the challenges associated with designing a predictive projection-based or screen-based display for light aircraft and presents prototype solutions. Furthermore, the paper presents a number of energy state prediction algorithms and reports the flight test results producing the underlying aircraft performance database. The work presented has great potential of resulting in low-cost, easy-to-use, energy state prediction, warning and guidance displays based on available aircraft parameters.
First Report of Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Keifer (Eriophyidae), the Vector of the Rose Rosette Virus, in Florida, USA

The invasive mite Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) feeds on plants in the genus Rosa. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus is associated with the rose rosette emaravirus (rose rosette virus) and acts as the only known vector of rose rosette virus, the causal agent of rose rosette disease (Emaravirus). The mite P. fructiphilus is reported for the first time in the state of Florida, USA. No roses showed signs or symptoms of viral infection, and current molecular methods were unable to detect the virus. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus represents a potential threat to the Florida rose industry if rose rosette disease becomes established.
Chronic Preoperative Opioids Are Associated With Revision After Rotator Cuff Repair.

Purpose We sought to clarify the relationship between chronic preoperative opioids and complications following rotator cuff repair. Specifically, we assessed revision, a definitive postoperative end point for surgical outcome. Methods This study used PearlDiver, a United States national insurance claims database. All patients undergoing rotator cuff repair from 2008 to 2018 were identified and stratified based on a minimum of 2 opioid prescriptions within the 6 months before surgery, with 1 prescription occurring within 0 to 3 months before surgery and a second prescription within 4 to 6 months before surgery. Univariate logistic regressions of risk factors were conducted, followed by multivariate analysis of comorbidities, including ongoing preoperative opioids, any preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescriptions, age, sex, diabetes, tobacco, and obesity. Results In total, 28,939 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair were identified, of whom 10,695 had opioid prescriptions within both 0 to 3 months and 4 to 6 months before index rotator cuff repair, whereas 18,244 had no opioid prescriptions within the 6-month preoperative period. In total, 977 (3.4%) patients underwent revision within 6 months, which increased to 1311 (4.5%) within 1 year of the index procedure. In the multivariate analysis controlling for age, preoperative NSAID prescriptions, tobacco, diabetes, obesity, and sex, we observed a significant association between chronic preoperative opioid prescriptions and rotator cuff repair revision (6-month odds ratio 1.12; P = .021, 1-year odds ratio 1.43; P Conclusions We report increased rates of revision within both 6 months and 1 year in patients with prolonged preoperative opioid prescriptions. The opioid cohort had greater rates of preoperative NSAID use and tobacco use, which also were observed to be independent risk factors for revision at both timepoints. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.
User-Centered Design in Pediatric Acute Care Settings Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Background Antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory care centers is increasing. Previous research suggests that 20 to 50% of antibiotic prescriptions are either unnecessary or inappropriate. Unnecessary antibiotic consumption can harm patients by increasing antibiotic resistance and drug-associated toxicities, and the reasons for such use are multifactorial. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) were developed to guide better use of antibiotics. A core element of ASP is to provide feedback to clinical providers. To create clinically meaningful feedback, user-center design (UCD) is a robust approach to include end-users in the design process to improve systems. Objective The study aimed to take a UCD approach to developing antibiotic prescribing feedback through input from clinicians in two ambulatory care settings. Methods We conducted two group prototyping sessions with pediatric clinicians who practice in the emergency department and urgent care settings at a tertiary care children's hospital. Participants received background on the problem of antibiotic prescribing and then were interviewed about their information needs, perceived value, and desired incentives for a prescribing feedback system. Sessions concluded with their response and recommendations to sample sections of an antibiotic feedback report including orienting material, report detail, targeted education, and resources. Results A UCD approach was found to be highly valuable in the development of a feedback mechanism that is viewed as desirable by clinicians. Clinicians preferred interpreting the data themselves with aids such as diagrams and charts over the researcher concluded statements about the clinician's behavior. Specific feedback that clinicians considered redundant were removed from the model if preexisting alerts were established. Conclusion Integrating a UCD approach in developing ASP feedback identified desirable report characteristics that substantially modified preliminary wireframes for feedback. Future research will evaluate the clinical effectiveness of our feedback reports in outpatient settings.
Bilateral Craniofacial Cleft (Tessier Type 4): Case Report and Oculoplastic Reconstruction.

Bilateral Tessier type 4 craniofacial clefts are extremely rare and disfiguring malformations with vision-threatening ramifications. To date, there is no consensus in the literature with respect to...
Correlates of Relational and Physical Aggression among Peers and Dating Partners in a College Sample

Individuals who engage in aggressive behaviors often do so within multiple relationships (e.g., with peers, romantic partners). Studies have identified several correlates and risk factors pertaining to the type of aggression used (i.e., physical or relational) in either peer or dating/romantic relationships. Specifically, there are social-cognitive (e.g., normative beliefs about aggression), affective (e.g., emotional dysregulation), and personality variables (e.g., callous-unemotional traits) that have been identified as placing individuals at greater risk of engagement in aggression. However, associations between risk factors, subtypes of aggression, and relationship context have rarely been examined within a single study. It is important to do so to examine whether there is an underlying risk profile that that can be useful in predicting aggression regardless of the type of relationship. We investigated these associations among a subset of one hundred and forty-seven college students, aged 18–25, who participated in a larger study. We used several measures to assess important theoretical correlates, including exclusivity beliefs, normative beliefs about aggression, rumination, emotional dysregulation, and callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Path analysis revealed that peer relational and peer physical aggression were predicted by peer exclusivity, normative beliefs about aggression, and callous-unemotional traits. Dating physical aggression was predicted by romantic exclusivity and peer physical aggression, whereas dating relational aggression was predicted by romantic exclusivity, normative beliefs about relational aggression, and peer relational aggression. Findings are discussed regarding implications and future research on physical and relational aggression among peers and romantic partners within a college setting.
Numerical simulation of CO2 migration into cement sheath of oil/gas wells

Abstract It is generally recognized that the CO2 dissolved in formation water poses a serious threat to the cement sheath in oil and gas wells. A numerical model was developed in this study to investigate CO2 migration into oil/gas well cement sheath through pore space and cracks. The convective velocities were formulated on the basis of balance of capillary and frictional forces. Case studies and sensitivity analyses with the model indicate that CO2 invasion into cement sheaths through the pore space increases with pore size, diffusion coefficient, interfacial tension, and decreases with cement-CO2 contact angle. It should take over 400 years for CO2 to fully penetrate a 3.5 cm-thick cement sheath through the pore space of cement, suggesting that CO2 attack on cement sheath through pore space is not a concern during the life (
Generating nonnegatively correlated binary random variates

In this article, I discuss the methods for generating nonnegatively correlated binary random variates. I provide a new command, rbinary, with examples showing how the command can be used.
Sugar transport. V. A trimeric lactose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the Staphylococcus aureus phosphotransferase system.

Abstract Factor IIIlac, a soluble, lactose-specific phosphocarrier protein of the Staphylococcus aureus phosphotransferase system, was purified to homogeneity. The molecular weight of the native protein was 35,000 as determined by both high and low speed equilibrium sedimentation. In concentrated guanidinium hydrochloride solutions the molecular weight as determined by similar methods as well as by analytical gel filtration was about 12,000. The results of amino acid analysis, radioactive labeling of sulfhydryl groups, and partial amino acid sequence determination were all consistent with the conclusion that Factor IIIlac contains three identical subunits. An analysis of the circular dichroic spectrum indicated that an unusually large amount of α helical structure (about 60%) was present. As shown in the succeeding paper in this series, phospho-Factor IIIlac is an intermediate in the lactose-phosphotransferase reaction sequence. Phosphorylation experiments under a wide range of conditions indicated that up to three phosphoryl groups could be transferred to Factor IIIlac, consistent with its trimeric structure. The chemical nature of phospho-Factor IIIlac was studied by several techniques. The rates of hydrolysis under different conditions, and chromatographic studies of the phosphohistidine obtained from an alkaline hydrolysate of the phospho-Factor IIIlac indicated that the three phosphoryl groups were linked to position N-3 in the imidazole ring of histidine residues.
Mycobacterium fortuitum infection arising in a new tattoo

We report an uncommon case of a cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium fortuitum arising in a new tattoo. A 29-year-old man presented with a several month history of a non-pruritic papular eruption within a tattoo; the papules developed 1-to-2 weeks after the tattoo procedure. He denied similar symptoms with previous tattoos. He had been treated unsuccessfully with cephalexin. Histopathologic examination revealed perifollicular chronic and granulomatous inflammation, consistent with chronic folliculitis. Acid-fast bacilli culture identified Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. The patient was treated with a 2-month course of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (160mg/800mg twice daily) and ciprofloxacin (250 mg twice daily), with clinical improvement at follow up after three weeks of the antibiotic regimen. Rapidly growing mycobacteria have emerged as a cause of tattoo-associated cutaneous infection in recent years. Diagnosis and treatment can be difficult without clinical suspicion. M. fortuitum and other rapidly growing mycobacteria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tattoo-associated dermatologic complications.
A Tool for the Development of Meta-Applications Supporting Several Message-Passing Programming Environments

This paper presents the extensions made to WAMM (Wide Area Metacomputer Manager) in order to manage a metacomputer composed of hosts on which several message-passing programming environments run. Initially, WAMM only permitted the execution of meta-applications consisting of PVM components. To allow the execution of meta-applications composed of PVM and MPI tasks, WAMM has been extended by means of PLUS. PLUS is one of the main components of the MOL Project. It provides an efficient, easy-to-use interface among various communication libraries.
On the cause and extent of outer radiation belt losses during the 30 September 2012 dropout event

On 30 September 2012, a flux “dropout” occurred throughout Earth's outer electron radiation belt during the main phase of a strong geomagnetic storm. Using eight spacecraft from NASA's Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and Van Allen Probes missions and NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites constellation, we examined the full extent and timescales of the dropout based on particle energy, equatorial pitch angle, radial distance, and species. We calculated phase space densities of relativistic electrons, in adiabatic invariant coordinates, which revealed that loss processes during the dropout were > 90% effective throughout the majority of the outer belt and the plasmapause played a key role in limiting the spatial extent of the dropout. THEMIS and the Van Allen Probes observed telltale signatures of loss due to magnetopause shadowing and subsequent outward radial transport, including similar loss of energetic ring current ions. However, Van Allen Probes observations suggest that another loss process played a role for multi-MeV electrons at lower L shells (L* < ~4).
Functional expression of Shaker K+ channels in cultured Drosophila "giant" neurons derived from Sh cDNA transformants: distinct properties, distribution, and turnover

Expression of transgenic Shaker (Sh) channels has not previously been examined in Drosophila neurons. We studied K+ current by whole-cell recording in cultured "giant" neurons derived from germline transformants. Independent lines were generated by using a P-element vector, in which transcription of the 29-4 cDNA, one of the Sh splicing variants (Iverson and Rudy, 1990), was under the control of a heat shock (HS)-inducible promoter. Transformants in wild-type and two different Sh mutant backgrounds all exhibited an HS-inducible, A-type K+ current that was characterized by a much slower recovery from inactivation and a higher sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine than native K+ currents of Sh 29-4 currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Despite similarities in the kinetic and pharmacological properties of the HS-induced current in all backgrounds examined, host-dependent differences in the peak current amplitude have been consistently observed between multiple lines of 29-4 ShM and 29-4 Sh120 that might reflect differential channel subunit assembly in different hosts. Isolation of the novel 29-4 currents allowed determination of the channel turnover rate in cultured neurons. These currents persisted for up to 3 d or more, comparable with the durations previously reported for Na+ and Ca2+ channels. Surprisingly, the percentage of cells expressing inactivating K+ currents remained approximately the same with or without HS induction, suggesting that some mechanisms exist to restrict functional expression of inactivating K+ channels, including transgenic Sh channels and those not encoded by the Sh locus, to certain types of neurons.
The Importance of Serum Prostate-specific Antigen Testing Frequency in Assessing Biochemical and Clinical Failure After Prostate Cancer Treatment

OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing frequency and biochemical failure (bF) and clinical failure (cF). METHODS The records of 5616 patients with low-, intermediate-, or high-risk prostate cancer treated (brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, or surgery) between 1996 and 2007 were reviewed. Factors influencing bF and cF were recorded including age, initial PSA, androgen deprivation, race, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score, and the frequency of follow-up PSA testing. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the effect of these factors on bF and cF. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to determine the optimal frequency of PSA testing. RESULTS The median follow-up is 45 months. The median number of PSA tests per year before the occurrence of bF and cF is 1.9 for both endpoints. The multivariate analysis of factors significantly associated with bF and cF demonstrate that PSA frequency, initial PSA, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score are independently predictive of outcome. PSA testing achieves the best sensitivity and specificity when 2 PSA tests are drawn per year for both bF (sensitivity = 66.3%, specificity = 58.0%) and cF (sensitivity = 75.1%, specificity = 60.3%). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of PSA testing is strongly associated with the detection of bF and cF. Because it is a variable that can be controlled, PSA testing frequency should be standardized to minimize spurious conclusions from studies with bF and cF endpoints. The sensitivity and specificity can be optimized by obtaining 2 PSA tests per year.
Nostril dominance: Differences in nasal airflow and preferred handedness

Because there appears to be a general propensity among many people to have a consistency in the sidedness of their lateral preferences, the purpose of the present study was to determine if this consistency extends to the airflow through the individual nostrils as well. To test for this, hot wire anemometers measured the airflow in each nostril at 15-minute intervals for 6 continuous hours in 11 right-handed and 9 left-handed adult males. Participants also provided self-reports of which nostril appeared to have the greater airflow. The airflow measurements supported the hypothesis of a handedness by nostril interaction, in that left-handers more often experienced greater airflow in their left nostrils whereas right-handers showed the opposite pattern. Self-reports were not an especially reliable measure of nasal patency. In most subjects the same nostril was not always the more open one. This left/right shifting of the more patent nostril is termed the nasal cycle. This study also provides the first data comparing the nasal cycle patterns of left-handers and right-handers.
Computerized mass detection for digital breast tomosynthesis directly from the projection images.

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has recently emerged as a new and promising three-dimensional modality in breast imaging. In DBT, the breast volume is reconstructed from 11 projection images, taken at source angles equally spaced over an arc of 50 degrees . Reconstruction algorithms for this modality are not fully optimized yet. Because computerized lesion detection in the reconstructed breast volume will be affected by the reconstruction technique, we are developing a novel mass detection algorithm that operates instead on the set of raw projection images. Mass detection is done in three stages. First, lesion candidates are obtained for each projection image separately, using a mass detection algorithm that was initially developed for screen-film mammography. Second, the locations of a lesion candidate are backprojected into the breast volume. In this feature volume, voxel intensities are a combined measure of detection frequency (e.g., the number of projections in which a given lesion candidate was detected), and a measure of the angular range over which a given lesion was detected. Third, features are extracted after reprojecting the three-dimensional (3-D) locations of lesion candidates into projection images. Features are combined using linear discriminant analysis. The database used to test the algorithm consisted of 21 mass cases (13 malignant, 8 benign) and 15 cases without mass lesions. Based on this database, the algorithm yielded a sensitivity of 90% at 1.5 false positives per breast volume. Algorithm performance is positively biased because this dataset was used for development, training, and testing, and because the number of algorithm parameters was approximately the same as the number of patient cases. Our results indicate that computerized mass detection in the sequence of projection images for DBT may be effective despite the higher noise level in those images.
Effects of MaxEPA on salt-induced hypertension: relationship to [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine binding sites.

We investigated the effects of dietary MaxEPA (a major source of eicosapentaenoic acid in fish oil) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) responses and heart rate (HR) of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats fed low (0.4% NaCl) and high (8.0% NaCl) sodium diets. During a four week treatment period, BP remained normotensive in rats on low salt diet but was significantly elevated in those on high salt diet, causing 50% mortality. MaxEPA diminished the BP elevation and prevented the high salt-induced mortality. HR was not affected by either salt diet alone but was reduced in the presence of MaxEPA. At the end of the treatment period, the distribution of [3H]nitrobenzylthioinosine ([3H]NBMPR) binding, a putative marker of adenosine transport and metabolism, was estimated in selected rat tissues in order to evaluate the role of the purinergic system in the BP lowering effect of MaxEPA. Maximal [3H]NBMPR binding capacity (Bmax) in the kidney and platelets were 39% and 82% lower, respectively, in rats on high salt die...
Scars in disability culture poetry: towards connection

In this article I present a sample of US disability culture poems and their treatment of scars in order to re‐evaluate the status of the wound in disability culture. I argue that instead of becoming a sign of melancholic identification with a victim position, these scar poems speak with a different imaginary, one that aims at connection rather than isolation and a focus on the individual body. With this the article adds to our understanding of disability culture aesthetics.
Effects of gender and sexual orientation on evolutionarily relevant aspects of human mating psychology.

Sexual selection theory provides a powerful model for the analysis of psychological sex differences. This research examined (a) tests of several sex differences in mating psychology predicted from sexual selection theory, (b) broad developmental hypotheses about sex differences in mating psychology—through the relationship of mating psychology to sexual orientation, and (c) the structure of within-sex differences in mating psychology. Scales measuring aspects of mating psychology were administered to heterosexual and homosexual Ss of both sexes. The structure of scale intercorrelations was similar across groups. All scales yielded sex differences consistent with sexual selection theory. Homosexual Ss generally obtained scores similar to those of same-sex heterosexual Ss, though several scales were significantly related to sexual orientation. Findings constrain hypotheses concerning the origins of sex differences. Evolutionary Basis of Sex Differences Sex differences were recognized as an evolutionary puzzle by Darwin (1871), who noted that, in many species, males alone possess a range of traits that function in competition for sexual partners. Species where females compete more intensely for mates than do males are rare but not entirely missing from the zoological record. The evolutionary theory that best explains these sex differences in sexual competitiveness implicates reproductive rate, not sex per se, as the key independent variable (Clutton-Brock & Vincent, 1991). It might seem that neither sex would be differentially challenged in the search for mates, as long as a 1:1 sex ratio prevailed. But consider a species where males could potentially reproduce more rapidly than females. This would be the case in most mammals because males expend less on each offspring than do females. In such a case the typical male will complete a reproductive venture (which might merely consist of copulation) before his current partner (who must gestate and lactate, at a minimum) and could therefore start another reproductive venture if he could find an available female. Statistically speaking he will be unlikely to find that female because this same sex difference in reproductive rate pervades the population, with the aggregate result that males, being faster reproducers, find
Carcinoma of the colon and rectum complicating chronic ulcerative colitis.

Patients with pancolonic chronic ulcerative colitis are at increased risk to develop carcinoma of the colon. Controversy continues, however, as to whether this carcinoma is more “virulent” than “type ordinaire” carcinoma of the colon and as to the best way to manage these patients. This study reviews the characteristics and survival of 70 patients with cancer of the colon superimposed on chronic ulcerative colitis. Patients with carcinoma identified incidentally during prophylactic colectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis fared well (5-year survival of 72 per cent), while those with clinical symptoms or radiographic suggestion of cancer had a poor survival rate (5-year survival of 35 per cent). Patients with panproctocolitis, 10 years of disease, and early onset of disease are most likely to have cancer superimposed on chronic ulcerative colitis. This cancer is likely to have a poorer prognosis than type ordinaire cancer of the colon. Prophylactic proctocolectomy should be considered before evidence suggesting carcinoma develops.
Physician frustration in communicating with patients

In this study, the nature of practicing physicians' "frustrating" visits was explored and a guide to help physicians identify problems in communicating with patients was developed. The study included 1,076 practicing physicians who attended a voluntary workshop on physician-patient communication. The physicians were from multiple specialties and diverse work settings geographically dispersed throughout the United States. The method included development of a preliminary item pool (descriptions of frustrating patients and occasions) by experienced physicians and teachers of medical communication, additions/deletions/revisions of items within the pool, empirical analyses to reduce redundancy and group-like items, and construct validation of the final 25-item questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to identify subscales. Physicians most often attributed communication problems to the patient rather than to their own limitations. Seven types of communication problems (subscales) were identified, including: 1) lack of trust/agreement, 2) too many problems, 3) feeling distressed, 4) lack of understanding, 5) lack of adherence, 6) demanding/controlling patient, and 7) special problems. Primary care physicians reported greater problems than specialists on four subscales. Physicians practicing in health maintenance organizations reported greater problems than physicians in fee-for-service practice on five subscales. Seven sources of frustration physicians experience in their work with patients were identified. Understanding these frustrations will allow physicians to reflect on their own experiences and potentially improve the quality of their patient visits.
Transient conjugate heat transfer between a laminar stagnation zone and a solid disk

An explicit finite difference technique is used to solve the case of transient, forced convective conjugate heat transfer between an axisymmetric incompressible laminar impinging jet and a solid disk. The solution to the governing equations is based on the assumptions of constant physical properties and no viscous dissipation. The hydrodynamics of the flow are considered to be steady state, whereas thermal transients take place with a step temperature change at the jet upstream boundary condition. The unexposed bottom surface of the disk is treated as an isothermal boundary, and the radial boundary of the disk is modeled as adiabatic. In this work, the effect of the ratios of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity between fluid and solid on transient heat transfer characteristics of the system have been investigated.
Research Considerations When Studying Disasters

Nurses play an integral role during disasters because they are called upon more than any other health care professional during disaster response efforts; consequently, nurse researchers are interested in studying the issues that impact nurses in the aftermath of a disaster. This article offers research considerations for nurse scientists when developing proposals related to disaster research and identifies resources and possible funding sources for their projects.
Using Cerebral Dominance for Education Programs

Instructional methods in today's classroom are sometimes based on the notion of cerebral dominance. However, the link between hemispheric laterality and education practice is highly questionable. One instrument used by teachers to assess individual differences in cerebral dominance is a paper-and-pencil survey called Your Style of Learning and Thinking (SOLAT; Torrance, Reynolds, Riegel, & Ball, 1977). In this study, the authors explored the psychometric properties of the SOLAT in three phases. In the first phase, the authors examined SOLAT's construct validity. Contrary to cerebral dominance theory, a principal factor analysis revealed a seven-factor solution. The second phase was conducted to determine the SOLAT's internal consistency and test-retest reliability coefficients. As expected, these analyses generated low to moderate correlations. In the final phase, the authors further examined the SOLAT's construct validity by comparing the performance of brain-injured versus normal adults. With one exception, there were no significant differences. The results of this study did not support the notion of hemisphericity, at least not as measured by the SOLAT. Therefore, educators should not use the SOLAT to categorize students in terms of their preferred mode of processing information.
A cloudy day in the market: short selling behavioural bias or trading strategy

Purpose – Research draws the distinction between noise traders and informed traders. Research also documents market biases in equity returns due to cloud cover, a non‐informational (noise) event, showing that returns decrease on cloudy days. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trading behaviour of short‐sellers, who are considered informed traders, conditioning on the level of cloudiness, and find an increase in short selling with the level of cloudiness. Additionally, the paper finds decreases in short selling the three days prior to a cloudy day (or series of cloudy days).Design/methodology/approach – The authors replicate the weather anomaly in stock returns reported in the literature for the sample period, and then study the trading behaviour of short sellers conditioned on cloud cover. Additionally the authors treat cloud cover as an event and study short selling volume in the pre‐event window.Findings – The paper finds an increase in short selling with the level of cloudiness. Additional...
Bromoform emission from Arctic ice algae

DESTRUCTION of surface ozone in the Arctic environment during the spring is thought to be caused by photochemical reactions involving bromine compounds1. Berg et al.2 reported a pulse of bromine particles and gases in the Arctic lower atmosphere in spring, which may be responsible for this surface ozone destruction and for which biogenic sources have been hypothesized1–3. Here we report laboratory and in situ measurements which indicate that Arctic ice microalgae emit significant quantities of bromoform (CHBr3), which may be converted photochemically into active forms of bromine. Our estimates of total annual bromoform release indicate that polar ice algae might contribute globally significant amounts of organic bromine compounds, comparable with anthropogenic and macrophyte sources.
A COMPARISON OF THE KINETIC PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE FROM BACTERIAL, PLANT AND ANIMAL SOURCES.

A survey has been made of phosphofructokinase from bacterial, plant, and animal sources. High levels of ATP were inhibitory in every case. The degree of inhibition varied within the groups and from tissue to tissue of the same animal (rat). In the case of bacteria the ATP inhibition was reversed by adenosine diphosphate and in one case at least by fructose-6-phosphate. The response to inorganic phosphate, 5′-adenylate or 3′-5′-cyclic adenylate varied among the species. Phosphofructokinase from two plant sources was inhibited by both ATP and adenosine diphosphate. Inorganic phosphate reversed the inhibition in one case and not in the other.
Online annotation tool for digital mammography1

Abstract Rationale and objectives To develop a software tool for radiologists to annotate mammograms online. Materials and methods The tool is web-based with a Java development environment and composed of a Digital Image and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) image viewer, a clinical information collector, and a database. The use of the tool with a sample case is demonstrated in this article. Results An online tool for the annotation of digital mammograms for teaching and research purposes has been developed. Conclusion This annotation tool can be used to provide an annotated-case library on mammography education for residents and fellows.
Photoelectric absorption spectra of methane /CH4/, methane and hydrogen /H2/ mixtures, and ethane /C2H6/

Abstract Long path absorption spectra of methane have been recorded photoelectrically from 4200 to 10,600 A. The region to the red of 6200 A was studied with column abundances varying from approx. 0.001–1 km-amagat at a resolution of several A. Ethane spectra in the same region were taken for abundances from about 0.1–1 km-amagat. Short scans at higher resolution and higher methane abundance were obtained for the 6800 A absorption in the hope of discerning structure due to the presumed 5 v 3 band. The region below 6200 A was recorded under a few high abundance conditions. It was also scanned with mixtures of methane and hydrogen in an attempt to detect absorption features attributable to simultaneous transitions in H 2 and CH 4 . No such bands were detected under the pressures attained. Visual comparison with spectra of Uranus shows that pure methane explains the absorption features of Uranus quite well and that large laboratory amounts are necessary to match the weak absorptions below 6200 A. A brief description of the complexity of the levels responsible for the methane transitions is given.
Seismic reflection characteristics of glacial and glacimarine sediment in the Gulf of Alaska and adjacent fjords

Abstract Glaciation together with tectonism have been dominant factors affecting sedimentation in the Gulf of Alaska area from at least the late Miocene throughout the Quaternary. The effects of tectonism are apparent in high mountains that border the gulf, raised terraces of Middleton Island and the eastern gulf coastal zone, and numerous active faults and related earthquakes. Glacial evidence includes magnificent glaciers and their onshore deposits, spectacular fjords, large sea valleys incised in the continental shelf, submarine morainal ridges at mouths of bays and sea valleys, and thick glacimarine sedimentary sequences (diamicts) that are exposed onshore and at the sea floor along the outer shelf. Seismic-reflection profiling and sampling of the uppermost marine sedimentary sequences in the Gulf of Alaska and adjacent fjords and bays have allowed identification of three discrete glacially related stratigraphic units. These units were delineated on the basis of seismic signature, geometry, physiographic location, stratigraphic position, and sedimentologic characteristics. The oldest unit, a Quaternary diamict, is portrayed on seismic profiles by irregular, discontinuous reflections. This unit probably includes till, outwash and glacimarine sediment. A geographically restricted unit, one incorporating Holocene end moraines at bay mouths and associated with some sea valleys, consists of jumbled masses of discontinuous reflections and very irregular surface morphology. The youngest unit, a blanket of Holocene sand to clayey silt prograding as a sediment wedge across the shelf, contains nearly horizontal, parallel reflections except where disrupted by mass movement. Although seismic-reflection data alone cannot provide definitive proof of the presence of glacial sediment, when combined with sea-floor sampling, seismic profiling is a powerful tool for determining the continuity of marine sedimentary units and relationships to past and modern glaciers.
OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE RATIOS IN COEXISTING CALCITES AND DOLOMITES FROM RECENT AND ANCIENT SEDIMENTS

The O18O16 and C13C12 ratios of coexisting sedimentary dolomites and calcium carbonates from a variety of environments, modes of formation and geological ages were measured. The data reflect the processes of dolomitization of calcium carbonates and their subsequent history. Dolomites usually have δO18 values characteristic of marine calcium carbonates or values of diagenetically altered marine limestones. Invariably the δO18 of dolomite are the same or greater than that of the coexisting calcite. This is in accordance with previously postulated mechanisms based on isotope measurements of hydrothermal and of laboratory synthesized cogenetic calcites and dolomites. The carbon isotope values of the measured carbonates are usually within the range found for marine limestones.
Regional ‘pro-drug’ gene therapy: intravenous administration of an adenoviral vector expressing the E. coli cytosine deaminase gene and systemic administration of 5-fluorocytosine suppresses growth of hepatic metastasis of colon carcinoma

Direct administration of an adenoviral vector expressing the cytosine deaminase gene (AdCMV.CD) to tumors of colon carcinoma cells, with concomitant systemic administration of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC), results in local production of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and suppression of tumor growth. Based on the demonstration that in vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to intrahepatic tumors is relatively inefficient compared with in vivo gene transfer to hepatocytes, we developed a ‘regional’ prodrug strategy using in vivo Ad-mediated CD gene transfer to normal liver, permitting hepatocytes to convert 5FC into 5FU to treat local metastasis effectively in a ‘trans’ fashion. To show that hepatocytes can generate and export sufficient 5FU to achieve this goal, primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to AdCMV.CD and 5FC. Evaluation of the supernatants by spectrophotometry and by HPLC demonstrated significant conversion of 5FC into 5FU. When supernatants of hepato- cytes exposed to AdCMV.CD and 5FC were transferred to cultures of CT26 mouse colon carcinoma cells, the CT26 viability was reduced by 80%. To show that this regional AdCMV.CD/5FC prodrug strategy can suppress tumor growth in vivo, a model of metastatic colon carcinoma was established by injecting CT26 cells into the left lobe of the liver of syngeneic Balb/c mice. The next day, AdCMV.CD was transferred to hepatocytes by intravenous administration, and 5FC treatment was started the following day. Evaluation of tumor growth after 15 days showed marked suppression of tumor growth in AdCMV.CD- and 5FC-treated animals compared to control groups (P < 0.007). we conclude that primary hepatocytes are capable of converting 5fc into 5fu and exporting sufficient amounts of 5fu to the local milieu to suppress the growth of liver metastases of colon carcinoma cells.