cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and oral health‐related quality of life

Objectives Evidence indicates that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have destructive impacts on quality of life, health outcomes, and health-care expenditures. Studies further demonstrate a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and risk for experiencing chronic illness, such as oral diseases later in life. Research is scarce on the prioritization of contextualized public health interventions addressing this important threat. Methods Cross-sectional data from 2011 to 2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) provided a nationally representative sample of children in the United States, ages 1-17 for dentate status (n = 61,530). The dependent variables identified untreated oral health-care needs and preventive dental utilization. The key independent variables included exposure to parental death, parental divorce, parental incarceration, mental health illnesses, domestic violence, neighborhood violence, and racial discrimination. Exogenous variables included age, sex, race/ethnicity, number of children in household, socioeconomic status proxies, health insurance status, and special health needs. The data, when adjusted for complex survey design, proportionately represent children in the United States. Results Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions revealed varying magnitudes of significance across diverse racial and ethnic profiles. Exposures to parental divorce and parental death particularly exhibited critical magnitudes of influence, compared to all other ACEs. Conclusions In keeping with the Pareto Principle, exposure to certain ACEs, namely parental divorce and parental death, potentially introduces more profound social and health-related consequences later in life. Therefore, contextualized interventions should prioritize public health efforts to address households burdened with exposure to parental divorce and/or parental death.
Fostering and Expanding Diversity in the Workforce in Innovation

Abstract Technology and innovations are permeating into our society, mitigating obstacles in life. The realm of health care is no different with many surges in biotechnology and medical start-ups over the past decade. Substantial changes in health care reform, legislation, and disruptive transformations have led to advances in health care delivery. Within the past decade, the number of venture funding deals in health care is up over 200% [1] . Despite this modernization, there continues to be a blatant lack of female entrepreneurs, specifically in the medical and biotechnology space. The Kaufmann Foundation, a nonprofit organization focused on education and entrepreneurship, showed only 15% of businesses in the biotechnology and high-technology sectors had primary female owners compared to 30% in other sectors. They also found that women founded only 3% of technology firms and 1% of high-tech firms between 2004 and 2007 [2] .These findings suggest a highly male-dominated venture capital industry, which carries with it and insinuates exclusivity preventing both females and possibly other less represented individuals of diversity from readily entering this space. The idea of gender bias in venture capitalist decision-making is not unique to the Kauffman Foundation report. Women entrepreneurs are overall less likely than men to acquire venture capital; a study out of high-tech entrepreneurs in 2001 revealed that only 5% of invested venture capital went to women-owned high-tech or biotechnology firms [3] .Despite our alleged modern society, masculine characteristics still seem to yield more successful entrepreneurs [4] .With these biases interwoven into our culture, one can only imagine the impact of gender bias on entrepreneurial conquest and investment as well as leadership in the biotech arena.
Productivity Enhancement for Process Simulation Using Knowledge Based Approach

Abstract This paper describes a knowledge based productivity enhancement system, IPSE, that provides support for decision making by engineers/modelers during various stages of chemical plant simulation. Since IPSE interfaces with ASPEN, a widely used process simulator, it retrieves relevant information from its own knowledge base and also from ASPEN files. The modeler is required to provide only the missing information. Productivity enhancement is achieved by providing “prescription” for changing input parameters to achieve the technical and economic objectives of a proposed simulation. This includes advising on the selection of appropriate thermodynamic “packages” - a task that requires expertise in thermodynamics. Other useful features of IPSE include an explanation facility to justify its recommendation, an interactive knowledge acquisition module for incorporating new knowledge into the system, and an archival facility to store the results of flowsheet analyses for later use. These features collectively make IPSE a tool that can assist novice modelers perform at expert level, while making the expert modelers achieve greater productivity by eliminating the need to deal minutely with ASPEN.
Biological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Tetrapeptide Tuftsin, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg

The naturally occurring tetrapeptide tuftsin (Thr-Lsy-Pro-Arg) was discovered on the basis of its ability to stimulate the phagocytic activity of the blood neutrophil (25, 32, 33). It is active only in the free tetrapeptide form. However, originally the molecule is covalently bonded to its parent carrier molecule leukokinin. The latter is a leukophilic γ-globulin that binds specifically to the blood neutrophil. In fact, under appropriate conditions, utilizing low ionic strength isotonic solutions, one can readily isolate blood granulocytes that possess a coat of γ-globulin all of which chromatographs in only 1 of the 4 peaks of serum γ-globulin, peak IV on phosphocellulose columns (9, 10, 49). Furthermore, even in the presence of normal physiological solutions such as Krebs-Ringer one can recover from purified neutrophils the leukokinin fraction which stimulates phagocytosis. This occurs after release of its tuftsin peptide by a specific enzyme on the outer surface of the membrane (26).
Orthogonal Polynomials and Coherent States

Here we present an approach to formulating explicitly the underlying states corresponding to certain representations of (some) Lie algebras. The states are given as orthogonal polynomials in variables that arise as ‘natural observables’ from the point of view of quantum theory – namely, a family of commuting self-adjoint operators (elements) in a given Lie algebra, i.e. an abelian subalgebra.
Training models for implementing evidence-based psychological treatment for college mental health: A cluster randomized trial study protocol.

Abstract Mental disorders often emerge in adolescence and young adulthood, and these disorders can have lasting effects on students' health, social functioning, and education. Although evidence-based treatments have been established for many mental disorders, few community therapists use such treatments. What is needed is a practical, economically feasible means of training clinicians to implement evidence-based treatments suitable for widespread use. This cluster randomized trial will randomize 26 college counseling centers to one of two implementation strategies for training counselors to use interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), an evidence-based treatment for depression and eating disorders: 1) an external expert consultation model comprising a workshop, therapy manual, and expert follow-up consultation (n = 13); or 2) a train-the-trainer model in which a staff member from the counseling center is coached to train other staff members to implement IPT (n = 13). The primary outcome is therapist adherence to IPT, with secondary outcomes of therapist competence in IPT and client outcomes for depression and eating disorders. Therapist and organizational characteristics will be explored as potential moderators and mediators of implementation outcomes. Implementation costs for each of the training methods will also be assessed. The present study involves partnering with college counseling centers to determine the most effective method to implement IPT for depression and eating disorders in these settings. The results of this study will inform future large-scale dissemination of clinical interventions to mental health service providers by providing evidence for the selection of training methods when an agency chooses to adopt new interventions.
Leopards and Invisible Calculators: Violent Incorporation, Political Theology, and Kafka’s “Leopards in the Temple”

This essay reads Kafka’s aphorism “The Leopards in the Temple” together with some of the concerns of political theology to think about visibility and agency, the sacred and the profane, the violenc...
Particulate-based structures for nanoscale imaging and sensing (Conference Presentation)

Three major challenges in biological sensing and imaging systems are to improve sensitivity, resolution, and throughput. In this talk, I present results on using structures seeded or constructed by nanoparticles to provide enhancements in these three areas. We present our work in two parts. First, we have used vapor-deposited liquid nanoscale polyethylene glycol lenses to aid in sensing nanoscale particles that serve as seeds for these nanolenses. This approach is combined with lensfree holographic microscopy to image a transparent sample slide with adsorbed nanoparticles. Lensfree holographic microscopy provides an ultra-large field of view >20 mm^2 together with submicron resolution, however its sensitivity to nanoparticles is limited and particles smaller than ~300 nm cannot be inherently distinguished from background noise. The liquid nanolenses we deposit significantly enhance the sensitivity of this system such that >10^5 particles as small as 40 nm can be individually detected, localized, and sized. The second part of this talk focuses on using optical tweezers to assemble nanophotonic structures out of heterogeneous colloidal nanoparticles. The resulting structures can provide superresolution based on transmission line and metamaterial physical principles. Optically-positioned nanoparticles can also be attached to whispering gallery mode microresonators to enhance their sensitivity and facilitate free-space coupling. Finally, we have investigated the speed with which we can position nanoparticles using optical tweezers, and have measured maximum manipulation rates in excess of 150 um/s, which makes optical tweezers a viable approach for rapid prototyping additive manufacturing of nanophotonic structures.
The implementation of treaties related to labour and labour relations in Nigerian law: a critical appraisal

The paper critically examined the implementation of treaties related to labor and labor relations in Nigerian law. Prior to the amendment of the Constitution in 2010, section 12(1) stipulated that all treaties must be domesticated before enforcement. But in that year a new provision – section 254C(2) – was introduced which empowered the National Industrial Court of Nigeria (NICN) to enforce treaties related to labor and labor relations which have been ratified though not domesticated. One relevant question examined was whether section 254C(2) of the Constitution could be applied to enforce treaties that are partly related to labor and labor relations and also have been ratified in view of a decision of the NICN which applied that provision to enforce a treaty that was wholly related to labor and labor relations. It was argued that section 254C(2) should also be applied to enforce treaties that are partly related to labor and labor relations.
Tracking Multiple Vehicles Constrained to a Road Network from a UAV with Sparse Visual Measurements

Many multiple target tracking algorithms operate in the local frame of the sensor and have difficulty with track reallocation when targets move in and out of the sensor field of view. This poses a problem when an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is tracking multiple ground targets on a road network larger than its field of view. We propose a Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filter (RBPF) to maintain individual target tracks and to perform probabilistic data association when the targets are constrained to a road network. This is particularly useful when a target leaves then re-enters the UAV's field of view. The RBPF is structured as a particle filter of particle filters. The top level filter handles data association and each of its particles maintains a bank of particle filters to handle target tracking. The tracking particle filters incorporate both positive and negative information when a measurement is received. We then implement a receding horizon controller to improve the filter certainty of multiple target locations. The controller prioritizes searching for targets based on the entropy of each target's estimate.
Valve-Sparing Neoaortic Root Replacement Post Norwood

Progressive aortic root dilatation following palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome has become increasingly recognized and constitutes a significant issue with potential morbidity. Although little is known about the natural history and the optimal management strategy, currently the indications and optimal timing for surgical intervention are undefined and largely due to significant associated issues, most commonly important semilunar valve regurgitation and/or compromise of the Fontan circulation due to central pulmonary artery obstruction secondary to extrinsic compression by the aneurysm. A description of the technical aspect of this procedure is provided.
Shear wave speeds track axial stress in porcine collateral ligaments.

Abstract Ligament tension is an important factor that can affect the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures. However, surgeons currently lack objective approaches for assessing tension in a particular ligament intraoperatively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of noninvasive shear wave tensiometry to characterize stress in medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCLs and LCLs) ex vivo and evaluate the capacity of shear wave speed to predict axial load. Nine porcine MCL and LCL specimens were subjected to cyclic axial loading while shear wave speeds were measured using laser vibrometry. We found that squared shear wave speed increased linearly with stress in both the MCL (r2avg = 0.94) and LCL (r2avg = 0.98). Shear wave speeds were slightly lower in the MCL than the LCL when subjected to a comparable axial stress (p
“No(t) camping”: engaging intersections of housing, transportation, and environmental justice through critical praxis

The Environmental Justice working group took an engaged and intersectional approach, focusing on interconnections between affordable housing, transportation, and University of Nevada, Reno campus p...
Using network science tools to identify novel diet patterns in prodromal dementia

Objective To use network science to model complex diet relationships a decade before onset of dementia in a large French cohort, the 3-City Bordeaux study. Methods We identified cases of dementia incident to the baseline food frequency questionnaire over 12 years of follow-up. For each case, we randomly selected 2 controls among individuals at risk at the age at case diagnosis and matched for age at diet assessment, sex, education, and season of the survey. We inferred food networks in both cases and controls using mutual information, a measure to detect nonlinear associations, and compared food consumption patterns between groups. Results In the nested case-control study, the mean (SD) duration of follow-up and number of visits were 5.0 (2.5) vs 4.9 (2.6) years and 4.1 (1.0) vs 4.4 (0.9) for cases (n = 209) vs controls (n = 418), respectively. While there were few differences in simple, average food intakes, food networks differed substantially between cases and controls. The network in cases was focused and characterized by charcuterie as the main hub, with connections to foods typical of French southwestern diet and snack foods. In contrast, the network of controls included several disconnected subnetworks reflecting diverse and healthier food choices. Conclusion How foods are consumed (and not only the quantity consumed) may be important for dementia prevention. Differences in predementia diet networks, suggesting worse eating habits toward charcuterie and snacking, were evident years before diagnosis in this cohort. Network methods, which are designed to model complex systems, may advance our understanding of risk factors for dementia.
Nephroureterectomy vs. segmental ureterectomy of clinically localized, high-grade, urothelial carcinoma of the ureter: Practice patterns and outcomes.

Abstract Background Nephroureterectomy (NU) remains the gold-standard for upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, nephron-sparing management (NSM), specifically segmental ureterectomy (SU) for urothelial tumors distal to the renal pelvis may offer decreased risk of renal insufficiency and equivalent cancer control. Objectives To identify patient-specific and facility-related factors that are associated with the selection of SU vs. NU for patients with clinically localized, high-grade, ureteral UTUC. Design, setting, participants We searched the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2015 for patients with high-grade, clinically localized, primary ureteral UTUC managed by either NU or SU. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess patient, disease-specific, facility and treatment-related factors associated with SU vs. NU. Since surgical approach was only indexed after 2010, separate multivariable logistic regressions were performed including and excluding surgical approach in order to capture patients treated between 2004 and 2009. Survival analysis utilized Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results and limitations Multivariate analysis including surgical approach demonstrated that among other factors, higher clinical stage (P = 0.034), larger tumor size (P 0.05), 30-day readmission (P = 0.7), 30-day mortality (P = 0.09), and 90-day mortality (P = 0.157) on multivariate analysis between SU and NU. Additionally, no significant differences were seen in median overall survival between patients receiving SU or NU (53 vs. 50 months; P = 0.143). Conclusions Comparable outcomes suggest segmental ureterectomy for high-grade ureteral UTUC is appropriate in well-selected patients. Practice patterns appear consistent with guideline recommendations (decreased tumor size and lower clinical stage favor SU), but treatment disparities may exist based on a multitude of patient, pathologic- and facility-related factors. Improved dissemination of knowledge regarding practice patterns and outcomes of SU for UTUC of the ureter has the potential to improve delivery of NSM in appropriate patients. Patient summary In this study, we examined factors associated with different surgical procedures for cancer of the ureter. We found that smaller tumor sizes, a less advanced clinical stage, intraoperative lymph dissection higher facility volumes tended to favor kidney-sparing treatment, while survival outcomes appear comparable to renal extirpation.
Comparison of Normalized Gain and Cohen's "d" for Analyzing Gains on Concept Inventories.

Normalized gain, commonly used to measure instructional efficacy on conceptual instruments such as the Force Concept Inventory, should be used with care as it is biased in favor of populations with higher pretest scores.
Vascular anomalies: Classification and management

Vascular anomalies are broadly classified into two major categories: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Most vascular anomalies are caused by sporadic mosaic gene mutations, and recent genetic studies have advanced our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in their pathogenesis. These findings have suggested new therapeutic approaches to vascular anomalies, focusing on their pathogenetic mechanism. This chapter seeks to integrate an improved molecular understanding within the updated classification system of the International Society for Study of Vascular Anomalies. We emphasize the genetic, radiologic, and interventional aspects of diagnosis and management in hopes of allowing improved multidisciplinary collaboration surrounding these complex and interesting anomalies.
Relational Model: Single Table Operations

This chapter discusses relational operations in the context of a single table, including column projection, row filtering, ordering, computational operations, aggregation, and partitioning. Each operation is described conceptually and illustrated with SQL queries. We also include a discussion of missing data.
Dynamics of Gut Microbiota Recovery after Antibiotic Exposure in Young and Old Mice (A Pilot Study)

Antibiotics have improved survival from previously deadly infectious diseases. Antibiotics alter the microbial composition of the gut microbiota, and these changes are associated with diminished innate immunity and decline in cognitive function in older adults. The composition of the human microbiota changes with age over the human lifespan. In this pilot study, we sought to identify if age is associated with differential recovery of the microbiota after antibiotic exposure. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared recovery of the gut microbiota after the 10-day broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in wild-type C57BL/six young and older mice. Immediately after antibiotic cessation, as expected, the number of ASVs, representing taxonomic richness, in both young and older mice significantly declined from the baseline. Mice were followed up to 6 months after cessation of the single 10-day antibiotic regimen. The Bray-Curtis index recovered within 20 days after antibiotic cessation in young mice, whereas in older mice the microbiota did not fully recover during the 6-months of follow-up. Bifidobacterium, Dubosiella, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group became dominant in older mice, whereas in young mice, the bacteria were more evenly distributed, with only one dominant genus of Anaeroplasma. From 45 genera that became extinct after antibiotic treatment in young mice, 31 (68.9%) did not recover by the end of the study. In older mice, from 36 extinct genera, 27 (75%) did not recover. The majority of the genera that became extinct and never recovered belonged to Firmicutes phylum and Clostridiales family. In our study, age was a factor associated with the long-term recovery of the gut microbiota after the 10-day antibiotic treatment.
An upward negative lightning flash triggered by a distant +CG from a tall tower in Florida: Observations and modeling

Abstract We examined in detail the morphology and evolution of an upward negative flash initiated from a 257-m tower in Florida. High-speed video camera images and wideband electric field records, as well as ENTLN data, were used. The upward negative flash was induced (triggered) by a single-stroke 50-kA +CG that occurred about 45 km from the tower. The 257-m tower flash contained 6 leader/return stroke sequences and 1 attempted leader that almost terminated on the tower. All the leaders exhibited bidirectional extension. Electric field waveforms produced by the return strokes (measured at a distance of 8.8 km) were bipolar and abnormally narrow (exhibited earlier zero crossings). In order to examine the origin of the observed earlier zero crossings, we used two return-stroke models of transmission line type (MTLL and MTLE) to see what model input parameters are responsible for this feature. Within the limits of those models, the observed earlier zero crossings could be explained only by a narrow input current waveform or/and its fast amplitude decay with height.
Can Engagement Improve Groundwater Management

Groundwater use often has external effects on both the environment and future groundwater benefits, leading to overwithdrawal. Ostrom’s research on common property resources (CPRs) and related lite...
Collaborative updating of an organizational health literacy tool confirms medical librarians' leadership roles.

Background A librarian led task force at the University of Tennessee Medical Center sought to evaluate their medical centre's health literacy attributes utilizing a widely used tool. This research ultimately led to the update of the tool. Objectives To discuss the evaluation of health literacy attributes of health care organizations and detail the process of updating the Health Literacy Environment of Hospitals and Health Centers (HLEHHC) tool. Methods Subsequent to utilizing the HLEHHC, the task force was invited to assist in updating the tool. A collaborative was formed between the original author and task force. The collaborative performed an extensive literature review focused on emerging health literacy issues, reviewed each section and formulated changes. Results The collaborative update process yielded an improved instrument for assessing the extent to which a health care organization accommodates low health literacy patients. Discussion Through editing, creating new questions and rearranging the format, the HLEHHC was improved and updated. Conclusion The assessment conducted by the health literacy task force is helping shape changes in the organization. Medical librarians acted in leadership roles in the collaborative process of developing the new institutional assessment tool for health literacy (HLE2).
Economic Policies for Innovative Enterprises: Implementing Multi-Stakeholder Corporate Governance:

Large corporations dominate economic and social life in the United States and around the globe. The mainstream corporate governance ideology of “shareholder primacy” claims that the exclusive purpo...
General hybrid dynamical systems: modeling, analysis, and control

Complex systems typically possess a hierarchical structure, characterized by continuous-variable dynamics at the lowest level and logical decision-making at the highest. Virtually all control systems today perform computer-coded checks and issue logical as well as continuous-variable control commands. Such are “hybrid” systems. In this paper, we introduce a formal notion of such systems: “general hybrid dynamical systems”; they are interacting collections of dynamical systems, evolving on continuous-variable state spaces, and subject to continuous controls and discrete phenomena. We discuss modeling issues, giving definitions and conditions for hybrid trajectories and providing a taxonomy for hybrid systems models. We review our hybrid systems analysis results, including topological issues, complexity and computation, stability tools, and analyzed examples. We summarize our hybrid control results, including optimal control theory, control algorithms, and solved examples.
AFTER THE WASHINGTON CONSENSUS: INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE AND GOVERNANCE

Nossa compreensao da governanca em paises em desenvolvimento e fragil e, frequentemente, distorcida. O fato de que os investidores estrangeiros estao preocupados com a governanca e importante, porem, muitos observadores se limitam a examinar as formas como a governanca ajuda o mercado. A governanca, de fato, e importante para o desenvolvimento do mercado, mas os governos, as vezes, desempenham outras funcoes que incluem a substituicao do mercado e protecao das normas sociais das transacoes do mercado. Igualmente, uma nocao limitada de governanca e metodos de medir seguranca, frequentemente se limitam a indicadores quantitativos. Tal abordagem negligencia as sequencias e interacoes pelas quais os Estados e mercados sao construidos e a forma unica socio-cultural pela qual a governanca pode operar em diferentes lugares e epocas. Finalmente, e preciso estar atento as acoes de Norte que, mesmo bem intencionadas, enfraquecem os governos do Sul. Alguns tipos de ajuda e comercio podem prejudicar a governanca ao inves de fortalecela. Um aspecto fundamental nesta direcao e o impacto dos impostos e administracao tributaria no Sul. Modalidades de ajuda, tais como um projeto de ajuda fragmentado, pouco contribui para fortalecer a governanca e, ao contrario, pode enfraquece-la. Alem do mais, a instância em isencao de materiais, servicos e bens adquiridos por meio da ajuda externa pode piorar a governanca.
Inherent Limitations of Ice Cube with Regards to Both CP Violation Physics, and Data Collection

We examine how ICE CUBE is impacted via definite observational limits, a potentially serious flaw in estimated collection ability as predicted by a short fall in Monte Carlo simulations, and a datum that the CP violations connected with Baryogenesis are not predicted by SUSY accurately. All these considerations, plus the known datum that water is a superior medium for data collection than block ice argue pervasively in first building neutrino physics collection systems first in the Mediterranean sea, and relying upon ICECUBE as a back up to planned and running systems in place near Europe. This is made urgent also in the known datum that both the near European sub continent facilities now have bio luminence problems in the water, but have the same sensitivity as the South polar region neutrino astrophysics facilities now planned for
Genotype-Epigenotype Interaction at the IGF2 DMR

Paternally expressed Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF2) encodes a gene whose protein product functions as a potent growth mitogen. Overexpression of IGF2 has been implicated in a wide number of disorders and diseases. IGF2 is regulated in part by differential methylation of the two parentally derived alleles. The differentially methylated region (DMR) located upstream of the imprinted promoters of IGF2 exhibits plasticity under environmental stress and is hypomethylated in several types of cancer. Through bisulfite pyrosequencing and confirmation by nucleotide sequencing, we discovered a CpG to CpC transversion that results in hypomethylation of one of the three CpGs comprising this DMR. The presence of the polymorphism introduces a genetic rather than an environmentally-driven epigenetic source of hypomethylation that is additive to non-genetic sources.
The Ignorant Newsvendor's Problem: Firms Adapting to Variable and Uncertain Demand

How much do informational constraints impact economic outcomes? This paper applies a computational modeling strategy to inventory purchasing decisions. Known as the “newsvendor problem”, statistics theory has found optimal heuristics for firm behavior in conditions of unpredictable consumer demand. The contribution here is to explore a worst-case scenario for informational constraints, where the firm both does not know the underlying distribution and lacks cognitive capacity to estimate it in a sophisticated fashion. Employing a crude heuristic device, I find that the difference between an optimal full-information outcome and the no-information case is qualitatively small. While information problems are still worthy of study, I conclude that their overall impact on the positive functioning of markets is not very large.
Recreation is Not Therapy

(1948). Recreation is Not Therapy. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 642-696.
Hemorrhagic duodenitis: a significant cause of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Hemorrhagic duodenitis, confirmed by endoscopy and target biopsy, accounted for 8% of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeders treated by these authors. The duodenoscopic and histologic features are described and should lead to more frequent recognition of this postulated entity.
Chemical liability of the tertiary aminopropiophenones of eugenol as characterized by combined gas—liquid chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract The lability of various silylated and acetylated derivatives of the tertiary aminopropiophenones of eugenol was characterized by combined gas—liquid chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Because of decomposition during derivatization and/or during analyses, the acetylated and unreduced silylated derivatives of these metabolites are very undesirable for gas chromatography. Reduction of the tertiary aminopropiophenones of eugenol followed by silylation at room temperature yields “d”-silyl ethers which can be satisfactorily characterized by gas chromatography and combined gas—liquid chromatography and chemical ionization mass spectrometry on microgram quantitites. The “d”-silyl ethers of these metabolits are easily decomposed by moisture, air and heat to yield the respective monosilylated nitrogen metabolites, which in turn decompose readily to yield the silylated allylic ketone and the secondary amines.
Calculation of Resistances to Ground

Formulas for practical use in the calculation of the resistances from grounding conductors of variou forms to the earth are given in this paper and their use illustrated by examples. The accuracy of the formulas varies considerably, as discussed in the paper, but is sufficiently good that the methods should be helpful to those whose work involves problems of grounding.
The diabetogenic action of human growth hormone: Glucose - fatty acid interrelationships

Abstract Intravenous glucose tolerance was determined in seven normal subjects. Growth hormone administered 4 1 2 hours prior to the tests resulted in an elevation of plasma free fatty acids and an impairment in glucose tolerance. When 5 - methylpyrazole - 3 - carboxylic acid, an inhibitor of lipolysis, was administered 4 1 2 hours prior to the tests, there was a significant decrease in plasma free fatty acid levels and a slight improvement in glucose tolerance which was not statistically significant. When both compounds were administered 4 1 2 hours prior to the tests, the circulating free fatty acid levels were low and glucose tolerance was significantly improved when compared to the results seen after growth hormone alone but significantly impaired when compared to the results seen after administration of the pyrazole derivative alone. It is concluded that the impairment of glucose tolerance produced by growth hormone is partially but not entirely mediated by the elevated plasma free fatty acid levels produced by the hormone. The mechanism responsible for the residual impairment is unknown.
DRAINMOD-GIS : A lumped parameter watershed scale drainage and water quality model

Abstract A watershed scale lumped parameter hydrology and water quality model that includes an uncertainty analysis component was developed and tested on a lower coastal plain watershed in North Carolina. Uncertainty analysis was used to determine the impacts of uncertainty in field and network parameters of the model on the predicted outflows and nitrate–nitrogen loads at the outlet of the watershed. The model, which links DRAINMOD field hydrology and a spatially distributed routing model using a kernel function, accurately predicted the outlet flows and nitrate–nitrogen loads from a lower coastal plain watershed. Model predictions were within 1% of both measured outflows and nitrate–nitrogen loads. Uncertainty analysis indicated that uncertainty in stream velocities, decay coefficient and field exports significantly contributed to the uncertainty in the predicted outlet flows, loads and mean watershed delivery ratio.
Post-infectious encephalomyelitis.

The term post-infectious encephalomyelitis (PIEM) is frequently used interchangeably with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), although technically PIEM occurs after a known infection whereas with ADEM there is no antecedent infection. PIEM represents one of the primary demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system, along with multiple sclerosis and Devic’s disease. There is no specific diagnostic test for any of these conditions and at onset it may be difficult to differentiate between ADEM and the first attack of multiple sclerosis. However, there are clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features that allow differentiation between PIEM/ADEM and a relapsing disease such as multiple sclerosis. Some patients improve spontaneously; most improve with methylprednisolone. If that fails, plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin may be effective.
Beneficial paracrine effects of adipocytes from obese rats on cultured endothelial cells

The purpose was to test the hypothesis that adipocytes from obese rats would exert pro-atherogenic paracrine effects on cultured endothelial cells compared to adipocytes from lean rats, and that the adverse obesity-associated paracrine effects of adipocytes would be more pronounced in visceral than subcutaneous adipose tissue. Epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were harvested from 32-wk old obese Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and lean Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. Cultured rat aortic endothelial cells were treated for 24 hours with media conditioned with LETO subcutaneous adipocytes (LSA), OLETF subcutaneous adipocytes (OSA), LETO epididymal adipocytes (LEA), and OLETF epididymal adipocytes (OEA). The amounts of key adipokines secreted by ATs was measured in the supernatant fluid with ELISA and mRNA levels of a number of pro- and anti-atherogenic genes was assessed in treated endothelial cells via quantitative real-time PCR. Compared to adipocytes from other depots, secretion of leptin and TNFα was highest and vaspin secretion was lowest from OEA. However, endothelial cells treated with OEA conditioned media exhibited lower expression of several pro-atherogenic genes. These data suggest that adipocytes isolated from obese visceral adipose tissue secrete some as-yet unidentified factor(s) that confers a beneficial effect on transcription of pro- and anti-atherogenic genes of endothelial cells.
Enhancement of sonochemical degradation of phenol using hydrogen atom scavengers

Sonochemical degradation of phenol was found to be enhanced in the presence of the volatile hydrogen atom scavengers CCl4 and perfluorohexane. The non-volatile hydrogen atom scavenger iodate did not enhance phenol degradation. The first order rate constant for aqueous phenol degradation in separate experiments using different sonochemical probes increased in the presence of 150 μM CCl4 from 0.014 to 0.031 min−1 (probe 1) and from 0.022 to 0.061 min−1 (probe 2). In the presence of <1.5 μM C6H14, the first order rate constant increased from 0.014 to 0.032 min−1 (probe 1). Hydroquinone was the major observed reaction intermediate both in the presence and absence of hydrogen atom scavengers. Hydroquinone yields were substantially higher in the presence of hydrogen atom scavengers, suggesting that hydroxyl radical pathways for phenol degradation were enhanced by the hydrogen atom scavengers. These additives may be useful in improving pollutant degradation efficiency or improving synthetic processes that rely on hydroxyl radical as a key intermediate.
Gender and Iron Genes May Modify Associations Between Brain Iron and Memory in Healthy Aging

Brain iron increases with age and is abnormally elevated early in the disease process in several neurodegenerative disorders that impact memory including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Higher brain iron levels are associated with male gender and presence of highly prevalent allelic variants in genes encoding for iron metabolism proteins (hemochromatosis H63D (HFE H63D) and transferrin C2 (TfC2)). In this study, we examined whether in healthy older individuals memory performance is associated with increased brain iron, and whether gender and gene variant carrier (IRON+) vs noncarrier (IRON-) status (for HFE H63D/TfC2) modify the associations. Tissue iron deposited in ferritin molecules can be measured in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging utilizing the field-dependent relaxation rate increase (FDRI) method. FDRI was assessed in hippocampus, basal ganglia, and white matter, and IRON+ vs IRON- status was determined in a cohort of 63 healthy older individuals. Three cognitive domains were assessed: verbal memory (delayed recall), working memory/attention, and processing speed. Independent of gene status, worse verbal-memory performance was associated with higher hippocampal iron in men (r=-0.50, p=0.003) but not in women. Independent of gender, worse verbal working memory performance was associated with higher basal ganglia iron in IRON- group (r=-0.49, p=0.005) but not in the IRON+ group. Between-group interactions (p=0.006) were noted for both of these associations. No significant associations with white matter or processing speed were observed. The results suggest that in specific subgroups of healthy older individuals, higher accumulations of iron in vulnerable gray matter regions may adversely impact memory functions and could represent a risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline. Combining genetic and MRI biomarkers may provide opportunities to design primary prevention clinical trials that target high-risk groups.
DEVELOPMENT OF A FIELD METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE SERVICE LIVES OF ORGANIC VAPOR CARTRIDGES—PART III: RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTING USING BINARY ORGANIC VAPOR MIXTURES

Results of a third study on the use of small, carbon-filled glass tubes, referred to as respirator carbon tubes (RCTs), for predicting the service lives of organic-vapor respirator cartridges are presented. Previous work demonstrated that accurate prediction of cartridge breakthrough time was possible for exposure to carbon tetrachloride in atmospheres containing 5–94% relative humidity (RH) with both “as-received” and prehumidified carbon beds. This report examines the effects of binary organic vapor mixtures and intermittent testing on the predictive accuracy of the method. Results of this study demonstrated the RCT method predicted cartridge breakthrough times to an accuracy of ±17% at the 95% confidence level for n-hexane, pyridine, and binary mixtures of each with carbon tetrachloride in an approximately 50% RH environment. Estimated kinetic adsorption capacities for each adsorbate-carbon bed system tested were reduced when a second adsorbate was introduced at the same concentration. There was no evi...
Conflict Between Establishment of Instream Flows and Other Water Uses on Western Streams

: Establishment of minimum stream flows on most streams in arid areas of the west will create serious water conflicts. Much economic activity is dependent upon a limited water supply. to attempt to reallocate water to maintain minimum flows will cause severe disruption to planned uses of water and to weak segments of the economy such as irrigated agriculture.
Relaxed active space: Fixing tailored-CC with high order coupled cluster. I

Due to the steep increase in computational cost with the inclusion of higher-connected cluster operators in coupled-cluster applications, it is usually not practical to use such methods for larger systems or basis sets without an active space partitioning. This study generates an active space subject to unambiguous statistical criteria to define a space whose size permits treatment at the CCSDT level. The automated scheme makes it unnecessary for the user to judge whether a chosen active space is sufficient to correctly solve the problem. Two demanding applications are presented: twisted ethylene and the transition states for the bicyclo[1,1,0]butane isomerization. As bi-radicals both systems require at least a CCSDT level of theory for quantitative results, for the geometries and energies.
Online Library Tutorials, Narratives, and Scripts

In this article, we examine some issues that relate to effective presentation in online library tutorials. In so doing, we look at the differences between paper and online media in order to highlight distinctive properties of online presentations of information. We argue that one way to handle the particular challenges online tutorials pose is to use the concept of a script as developed by Schank and Abelson. We discuss how the concept of scripts has been incorporated in an online library tutorial developed at the Newman Library, Baruch College.
Bifurcation in model reference adaptive control systems

Abstract We study the effect of unmodeled dynamics on the performance of a simple model reference adaptive control mechanism. Exact stability boundaries are computed and different routes to chaotic behavior and global instability are described. Typically, we observed a region of period doubling and Hopf bifurcations similar to those observed in the Ziegler-Nichols approach to PID control design. The analysis applies to higher order and certain nonlinear systems as well.
Assessing student's critical thinking skills and attitudes toward computer science

This report describes several evaluation procedures used to assess the effectiveness of a newly-developed introductory computer science curriculum. The authors describe the development of a tool to evaluate changes in student's attitudes toward the computer science discipline. The process used to develop this survey is presented, along with several interesting preliminary results. The authors also describe the use of an existing tool in the evaluation of the development of student's critical thinking skills.
Simulation of Metropolitan Area Wavelength Multiplexing Networks for Data Communication

We have developed simulation tools for configuration of datacom networks over wavelength division multiplexing networks. Various network topologies are compared to optimize link budgets and performance of latency sensitive protocols while preserving high availability redundant path routing. This modeling is validated against an enterprise network testbed for storage area networks.
Mean-field inelastic behavior of random arrays of identical spheres

Abstract We consider a random array of identical spheres that interact through noncentral contact forces. We assume that the displacement of a contact relative to a center may be calculated from the average strain of the aggregate. The normal component of the contact force is assumed to be Hertzian and the tangential component is assumed to be linearly elastic until frictional sliding occurs. We consider the response of the material in triaxial compression. For monotone deformations, we calculate the evolution of the contact distribution, the volume change, the stress—strain response, the plastic strain, and the strain hardening.
Modified Ferromagnetic Chromium Dioxide

Several mixtures in the system Te-CrO2 were prepared by the decomposition of anhydrous chromic acid, CrO3, and telluric acid (H6TeO6) under high oxygen pressures; the physical and chemical properties were then studied. When Te was added, the grain size of CrO2 decreased rapidly from 5 to 10μ to 0.1 to 1.0μ and the magnetic coercive force increased from 20 to 120 oersteds. The magnetic Curie temperature and the lattice constants of CrO2 did not vary, however, with additions of Te up to 20 atomic %. X-ray analysis showed that the CrO2 plus Te was not a solid solution but a mixture of CrO2 and TeCr2O6 that was nonmagnetic.
Radiation age of the Norton County meteorite

Aubrite radiation age dating for stony meteorites lifetimes as function of collisional destruction, using Ne 21/Al 26 methods
A rare case of SVC syndrome: Accurate diagnosis by multi-modality imaging

Abstract This rare case depicts a mediastinal lymphoma extending into the right atrium and presenting as superior vena cava syndrome in a relatively asymptomatic young female. In addition to making an accurate diagnosis, it was important to define the extent of the tumor and its association to surrounding structures as well as differentiate it from an intra-cardiac thrombus. Multi-modality imaging was critical in this patient's successful management.
An Inverse Inner-Variable Theory for Separated Turbulent Boundary Layers

An integral method is presented for computing separated and reattached turbulent boundary layers for incompressible two-dimensional flows. This method is a substantial improvement over the inner-variable approach of Das and White , which was based on a direct boundary layer scheme that had several shortcomings. In this new approach, the integral equations have been completely reformulated so that the theory now proceeds in an inverse mode using displacement thickness as input