cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
System of systems lead system integrators: Where Do they spend their time and what makes them more or less efficient?

As organizations strive to expand system capabilities through the development of system-of-systems (SoS) architectures, they want to know “how much effort” and “how long.” In order to answer these questions, it is important to first understand the types of activities performed in SoS architecture development and integration and how these vary across different SoS implementations. This paper provides preliminary results of research conducted to determine types of SoS Lead System Integrator (LSI) activities and how these differ from the more traditional system engineering activities described in EIA 632 (Processes for Engineering a System). It also looks at concepts in organizational theory, complex adaptive systems, and chaos theory and how these might be applied to SoS LSI activities to improve success rates and efficiency in the development of these “very large” complex systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Social Science and Intelligence Analysis: The Role of Intelligence Education

The literature on intelligence analysis identifies a number of analytic dynamics and shortcomings in the U.S. intelligence community that reflect insufficiently developed competencies in advanced theoretical modeling and research methodology. These domains are squarely in the mission and purview of higher education, particularly at the graduate level. Higher education has been assigned some of the blame for the social science (and related) deficiencies observed in the intelligence community. However, the absence or failure of this kind of instruction, and possible implications for the intelligence community, has received little empirical attention. It is to begin filling this gap this article is written.
Need for a paradigm shift: the importance of risk factor reduction therapy in treating patients with cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the United States, despite advances made in diagnosis and therapy. A major shift to expand treatment beyond symptomatic obstructions and infarctions toward comprehensive therapies aimed at treatment of the underlying disease process could decrease the death rate and cost of cardiovascular disease enormously. In the past 5 years, major trials have clearly demonstrated that aggressive intervention with lipid-lowering therapy can dramatically alter the course of disease. Aspirin, smoking cessation, exercise, diet, and other medical and lifestyle interventions can also decrease risk. Successful therapies are not being implemented, however. Making prevention the primary approach to treatment will require increased resource allocation, use of health provider teams, integration of healthcare delivery systems, and expanded emphasis on educating patients about prevention.
Plastics For High-Power Laser Applications: A Review

We review studies of single- and multiple-shot laser damage to plastics and theories of the damage mechanism. Single-shot damage is caused by absorbing defects, many of which can be eliminated by monomer purification. Multiple-shot damage is controlled by viscoelastic properties; plasticization improves damage resistance. Also, we review high-power laser studies of dye-impregnated plastics. Photobleaching is the most serious problem. We review progress in understanding the physics of that process. Dye-induced lowering of laser damage resistance and thermal bleaching are other important problems discussed. Plasticization to improve multiple-shot damage resistance may encourage thermal bleaching. Finally, we present a list of as yet untested and potentially damage-resistant commercially available plastics.
Fiber-optic large area average temperature sensor

Much effort has been devoted to using fiber-optic sensors to measure temperature as a function of position along the fiber. The results of this work are impressive but the equipment is expensive. In many instances the desired measurement is only the spatial average temperature over a large area; eg. ground truth calibration for a satellite imaging system, or average temperature of a farm field.
Automated whole slide imaging.

Background: Automated high-speed, high-resolution whole slide image (WSI) technology is being rapidly adopted in pathology owing to increased speed of computing, rapid networking, and high image quality and potential to reduce the overall turnaround time required for slide assessment. Method/objectives: This review presents the structure, functioning and performance of some of the WSI systems available in the market and highlights a few validation studies that have been performed to assess the overall utility of WSI systems. Conclusion: The automated WSI is a robotic microscope that digitizes the entire slide field by field and uses software to merge or stitch individual fields into a composite image. Commercially available systems provide many improved functions that are useful for editing the digital images and improving the image quality.
Topotecan Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection through a Topoisomerase-Independent Mechanism in a Cell Line with Altered Topoisomerase I

Topotecan (TPT), a known inhibitor of topoisomerase I, has previously been shown to inhibit the replication of several viruses. The mechanism of inhibition was proposed to be the inhibition of topoisomerase I. We report that TPT decreased replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in CPT-K5, a cell line with a topoisomerase I mutation. TPT inhibited production of HIV-1 RNA and p24 in CPT-K5 and wild-type cells equally effectively. The antiviral effects of TPT were observed not only in the topoisomerase-mutated CPT-K5 line but also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) acutely infected with clinical isolates and in OM10.1 cells latently infected with HIV and activated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Little toxicity from TPT was noted in HIV-1-infected PBMC and in CPT-K5 and OM10.1 cells as measured by cell growth and proliferation assays. These observations suggest that TPT targets factors in virus replication other than cellular topoisomerase I and inhibits cytokine-mediated activation in latently infected cells by means other than cytotoxicity. These results suggest a potential for TPT and for other camptothecins in anti-HIV therapy alone and in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.
A general purpose driver board for the HP26 ink-jet cartridge with applications to bioprinting

A method for interfacing an HP26 ink-jet cartridge to a computing resource is presented. A general purpose interface will allow new and custom application of ink-jet printing technology. Drive characteristics of the HP26 cartridge are captured and a driver board subsequently developed that permits direct control of nozzle firing timing and properties. Reproduction of the drive signal and satisfactory ink deposition is validated. The application of ink-jet printing technology to bioprinting research is targeted in this work.
The success of alternative reproductive tactics in monogyne populations of the ant Solenopsis invicta: significance for transitions in social organization

Newly produced queens from monogyne (single-queen) colonies of the ant Solenopsis invicta usually initiate reproduction independently, that is, without worker assistance. However, some recently mated queens attempt to bypass this risky phase of new colony foundation by entering established nests to reproduce, although it is unclear how often these queens are successful in natural populations. We surveyed a mature monogyne population of 5. invicta in both 1995 and 1996 for colonies headed by queens incapable of independent colony founding (diploid-male-producing queens) in order to estimate the frequency of colonies that are headed by queens that initiated reproduction within established nests (adopted queens). Using the frequency of diploid-male-producing queens among the recently mated queens in this population, we estimated that the overall rate of queen replacement by adopted queens is about 0.7% per colony per year. Although theory suggests that a change to a novel queen reproductive tactic could be associated with a fundamental change in social organization (queen number), this does not appear to be the case in monogyne S. invicta. However, the evolution of nest-infiltrating reproductive tactics by queens in a monogyne population and the evolution of multiple-queen societies may result from similar ecological pressures facing newly mated queens. We therefore incorporate this strategy into an existing theoretical framework that was developed to explain the evolution of alternative social organizations in ants, providing testable predictions regarding the distribution and frequency of queen adoption in other single-queen ant societies. Key uxrrds: alternative reproductive tactics, fire ants, polygyny, Solenopsis invicta. [Behav Ecol 9:130-135 (1998)]
Four-way processor 800 MT/s front side bus with ground referenced voltage source I/O

A 40 cm multi-drop bus shared by 5 test chips to emulate 4 processors and a chipset runs error free at 800 MT/s with 130 mV margin using Ground Referenced Voltage Source (GRVS) I/O scheme. For comparison, when the same test chip is programmed to use Gunning Transceiver Logic (GTL), the bus speed is 500 MT/s for the same 130 mV margin under identical conditions.
Balancing Faculty and Student Preferences in the Assignment of Students to Groups.

This article describes a practical methodology for assigning students to groups where the goal is to create diversity within the groups while taking into consideration the preferences of the students. A motivating application of this work is the assignment of students to first-year seminars. In this common scenario, students select and rank a small subset of seminars from the list of those available. The academic institution then attempts to assign students to a seminar on their list, while maintaining course capacities. Faculty are interested in having seminars that are balanced with regards to gender and the number of international students, while students are interested in being assigned to one of their higher ranked seminars. In this article, we develop a simple multi-objective convex quadratic program that can determine assignments that are well balanced and satisfy the highest preferences of the students. The advantage of our approach is that the model can be submitted directly to a standard optimization software package, eliminating the need for a specialized algorithm.
The multiple ligament injured knee.

Traumatic knee dislocations leading to multiple ligament injury are relatively uncommon but not rare injuries. These injuries demand prompt and appropriate attention; they represent one of the few true orthopedic emergencies because of their potentially limb-threatening nature. Because many of these injuries reduce spontaneously near the time of the injury, the true incidence is unknown but is thought to be relatively low. 24 , 31 , 38 Out of two million admissions during a 50-year period at the Mayo Clinic, Hoover 15 reported only 14 cases of knee dislocations. At a major level 1 trauma center in New Mexico, only 50 patients with knee dislocations were admitted between 1987 and 1994. 44 At the University of Pittsburgh, 52 patients have been treated for acute and chronic knee dislocations between 1990 and 1997, reflecting a tendency to refer these complex cases to centers familiar with their relative severity. The ideal management of ligamentous injury in the dislocated knee remains controversial. Because literature is relatively sparse and includes a heterogeneity of injuries, treatment protocols and evaluation methods will vary by specialty and region. Nonoperative management emphasizing immobilization, although possibly leading to a stable knee, is frequently associated with stiffness and dysfunction. 1 Alternatively, more aggressive nonoperative management using early range of motion will restore functional motion at the expense of knee stability. 41 O'Donoghue, 28 Meyers et al 24 , 25 and Shields et al 38 were the earliest authors to recommend acute repair of all torn ligaments to achieve the best results. Most contemporary reports include recommendations for early ligament repair or reconstruction when necessary. * The focus of this review is on the acute management of the dislocated knee; however, except for the management of vascular injury, the same principles and techniques that apply to the acute injury also generally apply to the chronically unstable knee sustaining a previous dislocation.
The twentieth-century pluvial in the western United States

[1] Persistent, widespread wet conditions in the western United States in the early twentieth century have been noted in a number of studies. Here, we investigate the character of this pluvial, which covered a roughly 9-state region and lasted about 13 years. Paleoclimatic data used to evaluate the period in a long-term context indicate that the twentieth-century pluvial is an extremely rare event, as previous studies have suggested, even when assessed in the context of a 1186-year reconstruction of regional drought. An analysis of twentieth-century climate data, characterizing precipitation seasonality, intensity, and frequency, shows that the pluvial was primarily a result of winter season, heavy to moderately heavy precipitation events, during a handful of extremely wet winters. Temperatures were also anomalously cool. The combination of duration, intensity, and spatial extent make this an unusual event, not only in twentieth century, but in the past 12 centuries.
"Weber's law" for position: the role of spatial frequency and contrast.

We used Gabor bars to measure the effects of spatial bandwidth, spatial scale, contrast and separation on three-line spatial interval discrimination (bisection). In the first experiment, we used stimuli that were well above threshold. Our results show that at all spatial scales, spatial interval discrimination (three-line bisection) thresholds are proportional to the separation of the Gabor patches (i.e. Weber's law) when the separation exceeds approximately 2.5 times the standard deviation (sigma) of the Gaussian envelope. The optimal threshold occurs when the separation is approx. 2-2.5 sigma, and for separations larger than the optimal, bisection thresholds are equal to a more or less constant Weber fraction (delta s/s) of approx. 0.02-0.04. These results are consistent with a number of previous studies. In the second experiment, we examined the effect of contrast. Our results show an interaction between separation and stimulus visibility. Reducing the stimulus contrast has a marked effect on spatial interval thresholds at small separations (e.g. separations less than about 3 sigma), and much less effect at larger separations. Thus, the Weber's law relationship appears to depend on the visibility of the stimuli, but does not depend on the spatial frequency or bandwidth of the stimuli. These results can be predicted by an ideal observer model of spatial interval discrimination.
Characterization of sulphatide-containing lipoproteins in rat brain.

—(1) Water-soluble [35S]sulphatide is found in the 105,000 g supernatant (SN) of rat brain after intraperitoneal injection of Na235SO4. This labelled sulphatide has a density between those of free lipid and free protein. (2) Fractionation of SN by preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the [35S]sulphatide is not distributed among all SN proteins, but is associated with certain specific proteins. One of the isolated [35S]sulphatide-containing proteins appears homogeneous by analytical acrylamide gel electrophoresis at several pH values. (3) Comparison of the turnover of [35S]sulphatide in microsomes, SN, and myelin indicates that these three subcellular fractions behave as distinct metabolic pools, which meet the requirements for a precursor-product relationship between microsomes and SN and between SN and myelin. (4) These results suggest that sulphatide, synthesized in the microsomes, is transported to the myelin membrane as water-soluble sulphatide containing Iipoproteins in SN.
Women’s Romantic Relationships After Widowhood

This study examines decisions women make about their romantic lives after widowhood. Participants were women from the Americans’ Changing Lives survey, a nationwide random sample of 3,617 Americans older than age 25 years who, in 1986, were widowed (n = 259) or had been widowed and were remarried (n = 49). Widowed participants provided information about their male companions and their interest in remarriage, as well as information about their social support, mental and physical health, age, and socioeconomic status. Logistic regressions revealed that younger age and greater unhappiness predicted interest in remarriage. Higher trait anxiety predicted having male companionship. Widows who had remarried had higher household incomes and worried less about finances than did widows who did not remarry. Widows appear to make choices about partners based on their individual needs and desires as well as the attributes and availability of partners.
Note---A Mathematical Model for Evaluating Cross-Sales Policies in Telephone Service Centers

Cross-selling in telephone service centers is seen by industry as a useful means to generate profits from an existing customer base. Introducing cross-sales to a service center, however, needs to be properly managed as it could degrade customer service quality. Real-time customer and system information can be used to set the appropriate control policy for cross-sales to enhance profitability without causing undesirable service degradation for calling customers. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the value of using real-time information in selecting optimal control policies for cross-sales in telephone service centers. Specifically, we develop an introductory mathematical model to incorporate the use of two types of information, system status (queuing congestion) and customer profile (likelihood of purchase) in determining the optimal control policy to maximize the expected operating profit of the system. We hope to stimulate further research in this area by providing a groundwork for further modeling. We show that using more information increases a call center's operating profit. Improvements were dramatic for environments with intermediate utilization and high customer heterogeneity.
Lost in revolution and reform: The socioeconomic pains of China's red guards generation, 1966–1996

This paper examines why the socioeconomic life of China's Red Guards generation has been difficult in both Mao's time and in the post‐Mao reform era. It shows that Mao's Cultural Revolution destroyed the normalcy of society and prevented this generation from securing the life they expected. When reform moved China toward a market economy, their past misfortunes produced their present disadvantages. Their limited education disqualified them from the opportunities of employment and career promotion; their protracted sent‐down to the countryside postponed their marriage and normal social life; and their longtime economic hardships debilitated their market competitiveness. Mao's revolution made them ill‐prepared for the coming economic liberty, yet the post‐Mao reform, instead of compensating them for their distress, left them behind when it pursued market efficiency.
A Research Note about Military‐Civilian Humanitarianism: More Questions than Answers

Groping by decision makers and humanitarians in November 1996 to respond appropriately in east Africa demonstrated again that experimentation with humani - tarian delivery and protection continues as a dominant characteristic of world politics. Numerous variables including the end of East-West tensions, the erosion of sovereignty, the development of norms, genuine altruism, domestic politics, media coverage, the desire to contain refugee flows-explain why the West is sometimes willing to intervene. The most striking one, however, is unleashing the humanitarian impulse often with outside military forces in the forefront of the charge. Whether or not we actually are in Raimo Vayrenen’s “age of humanitarian emergencies,”1ensuring better access to and treatment of victims clearly preoccupies policymakers, pundits, parliamentarians, and the public. One out of every 115 citizens worldwide is displaced by war, and probably an equal number remain behind whose lives are totally disrupted.2 These tragic human consequences are an obvious motivation for analysts seeking to improve third-party military responses in war zones.
Multi-armed bandits on implicit metric spaces

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) setting is a useful abstraction of many online learning tasks which focuses on the trade-off between exploration and exploitation. In this setting, an online algorithm has a fixed set of alternatives ("arms"), and in each round it selects one arm and then observes the corresponding reward. While the case of small number of arms is by now well-understood, a lot of recent work has focused on multi-armed bandits with (infinitely) many arms, where one needs to assume extra structure in order to make the problem tractable. In particular, in the Lipschitz MAB problem there is an underlying similarity metric space, known to the algorithm, such that any two arms that are close in this metric space have similar payoffs. In this paper we consider the more realistic scenario in which the metric space is implicit - it is defined by the available structure but not revealed to the algorithm directly. Specifically, we assume that an algorithm is given a tree-based classification of arms. For any given problem instance such a classification implicitly defines a similarity metric space, but the numerical similarity information is not available to the algorithm. We provide an algorithm for this setting, whose performance guarantees (almost) match the best known guarantees for the corresponding instance of the Lipschitz MAB problem.
Synthesis of Porous Polyurea with Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids via Interfacial Polymerization

Polyurea with exotic porous structures has been synthesized by the interfacial polymerization between hexane and a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs). Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the polyurea show a macroporous morphology of aggregated polymer particles with sizes around 200 nm and pore sizes between 100 to 500 nm. The geometry of the polymer particles and the pore size vary with the ILs employed. X-Ray diffraction shows ionic-liquid-induced suppression of 3D crystalline order in the polyurea products. The microstructures of the polymer together with the FT-IR results suggest that the observed exotic polymer morphology originates from interactions between the ionic liquid and the polymer.
Any-time probabilistic switching model using bayesian networks

Modeling and estimation of switching activities remain to be important problems in low-power design and fault analysis. A probabilistic Bayesian Network based switching model can explicitly model all spatio-temporal dependency relationships in a combinational circuit, resulting in zero-error estimates. However, the space-time requirements of exact estimation schemes, based on this model, increase with circuit complexity [1, 2]. This paper explores a non-simulative, Importance Sampling based, probabilistic estimation strategy that scales well with circuit complexity. It has the any-time aspect of simulation and the input pattern independence of probabilistic models.
Joint Variable Selection and Classification with Immunohistochemical Data

To determine if candidate cancer biomarkers have utility in a clinical setting, validation using immunohistochemical methods is typically done. Most analyses of such data have not incorporated the multivariate nature of the staining profiles. In this article, we consider modelling such data using recently developed ideas from the machine learning community. In particular, we consider the joint goals of feature selection and classification. We develop estimation procedures for the analysis of immunohistochemical profiles using the least absolute selection and shrinkage operator. These lead to novel and flexible models and algorithms for the analysis of compositional data. The techniques are illustrated using data from a cancer biomarker study.
Household Composition in Appalachian Kentucky in 1900

Household and family have been acknowledged as particularly impor tant institutions in southern Appalachia, yet little research has examined this component of the region's social organization prior to industrialization. In this study, data from the 1900 U. S. population census are used to compare household composition in two Appalachian Kentucky communities: one rural, nonin dustrial; and the other urban, industrial. Significant differences are found in the household composition of the two communities, even when migration status is controlled. The results suggest that the Appalachian region is a fertile area for research on the effects of rural industrializaton on social organization.
T-computers and the Origins of Time in the Brain

Recent research has identified the components of the brain that appear to time label information from observed sensory events, store the labeled information in memory and then using the time labels for two or more events to compute their time differences, time intervals, elapsed times or 'lifetimes'. Time differences are the basis of the 'time' numbers we read from clocks and compute in our brains. Time is our map of change. Maps are abstractions of information and can be used to construct useful devices such as space-time. A general time computer or T-computer model is outlined that shows how observed signals can be processed into time labeled information states infostates by our instruments or our brains. The observer can communicate the 'time' computed for observed events using consciousness and language signals to drive sound signals in the vocal cords for instance. The ‘problem of time’ is near a realistic solution now that the brain's T-computer has been identified. The brain is the 'local' creator of time, space, and space-time as our special maps of the reality we 'observe' and participate in.
Menaquinone synthesis is critical for maintaining mycobacterial viability during exponential growth and recovery from non-replicating persistence.

Abstract Understanding the basis of bacterial persistence in latent infections is critical for eradication of tuberculosis. Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA expression in an in vitro model of non-replicating persistence indicated that the bacilli require electron transport chain components and ATP synthesis for survival. Additionally, low microM concentrations of aminoalkoxydiphenylmethane derivatives inhibited both the aerobic growth and survival of non-replicating, persistent M. tuberculosis. Metabolic labelling studies and quantification of cellular menaquinone levels suggested that menaquinone synthesis, and consequently electron transport, is the target of the aminoalkoxydiphenylmethane derivatives. This hypothesis is strongly supported by the observations that treatment with these compounds inhibits oxygen consumption and that supplementation of growth medium with exogenous menaquinone rescued both growth and oxygen consumption of treated bacilli. In vitro assays indicate that the aminoalkoxydiphenylmethane derivatives specifically inhibit MenA, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of menaquinone. Thus, the results provide insight into the physiology of mycobacterial persistence and a basis for the development of novel drugs that enhance eradication of persistent bacilli and latent tuberculosis.
A comment on a dual control problem

It is shown that a certain dual control problem can be reduced in two different ways to two standard completely observed stochastic control problems.
Deletion analysis of the dystrophin-actin binding domain

Three sequence motifs at the N-terminus of dystrophin have previously been proposed to be important for binding to actin. By analyzing a series of purified bacterial fusion proteins deleted for each of these sites we have demonstrated that none of the three are critical for dystrophin-actin interactions. Instead, our data suggest that sequences in the N-terminal 90 amino acids of dystrophin, excluding a conserved KTFT motif, contain the major site for interaction with actin.
Association of the BANK1 R61H variant with systemic lupus erythematosus in Americans of European and African ancestry

Recently an association was demonstrated between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs10516487, within the B-cell gene BANK1 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a consequence of a genome wide association study of this disease in European and Argentinean populations. In a bid for replication, we examined the effects of the R61H non-synonymous variant with respect to SLE in our genotyped American cohorts of European and African ancestry. Utilizing data from our ongoing genome-wide association study in our cohort of 178 Caucasian SLE cases and 1808 Caucasian population-based controls plus 148 African American (AA) SLE cases and 1894 AA population-based controls we investigated the association of the previously described non-synonymous SNP at the BANK1 locus with the disease in the two ethnicities separately. Using a Fisher's exact test, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs10516487 in the Caucasian cases was 22.6% while it was 31.2% in Caucasian controls, yielding a protective odds ratio (OR) of 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.85; one-sided p = 7.07 × 10(-4)). Furthermore, the MAF of rs10516487 in the AA cases was 18.7% while it was 23.3% in AA controls, yielding a protective OR of 0.75 (95% CI 0.55-1.034; one-sided p = 0.039). The OR of the BANK1 variant in our study cohorts is highly comparable with that reported previously in a South American/European SLE case-control cohort (OR = 0.72). As such, R61H in the BANK1 gene confers a similar magnitude of SLE protection, not only in European Americans, but also in African Americans.
Guanidine Methods for Total RNA Preparation

Three different methods for RNA preparation using guanidine are presented in this unit--a single-step isolation method employing liquid-phase separation to selectively extract total RNA from tissues and cultured cells and two methods that rely on a CsCl step gradient to isolate total RNA.
Extracting Medication Information from Discharge Summaries

Extracting medication information from clinical records has many potential applications and was the focus of the i2b2 challenge in 2009. We present a hybrid system, comprised of machine learning and rule-based modules, for medication information extraction. With only a handful of template-filling rules, the system's core is a cascade of statistical classifiers for field detection. It achieved good performance that was comparable to the top systems in the i2b2 challenge, demonstrating that a heavily statistical approach can perform as well or better than systems with many sophisticated rules. The system can easily incorporate additional resources such as medication name lists to further improve performance.
US counterpoint to chapter 11

Chapter 11 provides a nice overview of the issues concerning the use of breast prostheses and the long-term management of patients following breast augmentation and reconstruction with implants. The history of breast implants is very interesting and the developments leading to the current generation of implants are well summarized.
Sampling method evaluation and empirical model fitting for count data to estimate densities of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on ‘Hass’ avocado leaves in southern California

Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important foliar spider mite pest of 'Hass' avocados in several commercial production areas of the world. In California (USA), O. perseae densities in orchards can exceed more than 100 mites per leaf and this makes enumerative counting prohibitive for field sampling. In this study, partial enumerative mite counts along half a vein on an avocado leaf, an industry recommended practice known as the "half-vein method", was evaluated for accuracy using four data sets with a combined total of more than 485,913 motile O. perseae counted on 3849 leaves. Sampling simulations indicated that the half-vein method underestimated mite densities in a range of 15-60 %. This problem may adversely affect management of this pest in orchards and potentially compromise the results of field research requiring accurate mite density estimation. To address this limitation, four negative binomial regression models were fit to count data in an attempt to rescue the half-vein method for estimating mite densities. These models were incorporated into sampling plans and evaluated for their ability to estimate mite densities on whole leaves within 30-tree blocks of avocados. Model 3, a revised version of the original half-vein model, showed improvement in providing reliable estimates of O. perseae densities for making assessments of general leaf infestation densities across orchards in southern California. The implications of these results for customizing the revised half-vein method as a potential field sampling tool and for experimental research in avocado production in California are discussed.
Draf III mucosal graft technique: long-term results.

Background The Draf III procedure is an effective endoscopic approach to the treatment of frontal sinus disorders, but has a significant restenosis rate. The objective of the current study is to assess long-term success of the Draf III mucosal grafting technique. Methods Patients undergoing Draf III with mucosal grafting technique were prospectively enrolled. Demographics, indication for surgery, anterior-posterior (AP) diameter of frontal ostium, and complications were recorded. Failure was defined a priori as closure ≥50% of the intraoperative AP diameter at last clinical follow-up. Results Ninety-six patients requiring Draf III with mucosal grafting were enrolled, 67 of which (average age 54 years; range, 15-84 years) had at least 1 year of follow-up (average 34 months; range, 12-85 months) and were included in the analysis. Reasons for the procedure included chronic rhinosinusitis with frontal ostium stenosis (n = 37), tumor (n = 26), and cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 4). Average preoperative Lund-Mackay score was 13.9 ± 7.8. Average intraoperative AP diameter was 11.0 ± 1.9 mm. The procedure was highly effective with 97% (65/67) of patients maintaining a patent frontal sinus ostium (>50% intraoperative AP diameter) for the duration of follow-up (average postoperative diameter 9.9 ± 2.2 mm). However, the 2 Draf III failures remained patent, did not need further intervention, and were considered clinically successful. Three patients required reoperation for reasons unrelated to closure of the Draf III. Conclusion Common causes of failure following Draf III procedures include osteoneogenesis and stenosis. This study provides long-term data demonstrating excellent outcomes using the mucosal grafting technique.
On Twisted Modules for N=2 Supersymmetric Vertex Operator Superalgebras

The classification of twisted modules for N = 2 supersymmetric vertex operator superalgebras with twisting given by vertex operator superalgebra automorphisms which are lifts of a finite automorphism of the N = 2 Neveu–Schwarz Lie superalgebra representation is presented. These twisted modules include the Ramond-twisted sectors and mirror-twisted sectors for N = 2 vertex operator super algebras, as well as twisted modules related to more general “spectral flow” representations of the N = 2 Neveu–Schwarz algebra.
Confidence in personality assessment.

Although clinicians' confidence has been mentioned as a potentially important variable in personalicy assessment (Meehl, 1957), it has received little formal study. The results of two studies (Oskamp, 1962, 1965) suggest that more experienced clinicians report a greater degree of confidence and levels of confidence which match more closely their level of accuracy than do inexperienced clinicians. Concomitantly it also appears that clinicians tend to be overconfident in making judgments about case studies. This paper reports unpublished data from previous research on correlates of accuracy in personality assessment (Schinka & Sines, 1974) and as such represents a constructive design-replication of Oskamp's studies. In brief, the procedure required 25 judges to view videoraped intake interviews of psychiatric outpatients and then rate these patients on 125 items pertaining to diagnosis, prognosis, and personality characteristics. The judges were graduate students in clinical psychology and clinical psychologists who varied widely in amount of clinical training and experience. In addition, the judges were required to escimate their confidence in these ratings by estimating the probability of accuracy for each rating. Accuracy was detcrmined by correspondence with therapists' ratings and also with ratings derived from MMPI codebooks. Results confirmed previous findings only in part. While mean accuracy scores for patients against each of the criteria ranged from 45.6 to 62.5%, confidence estimates were at least at the .70 level of probability. Even the least confident judge had a mean confidence probability estimate of .52. Pearson product-moment correlations between accuracy scores and probability estimates for the entire group of judges showed no significant linear relationship (TS ranged from .l7 to .30). Correlations between probability estimates of confidence and seven indices of amount of clinical experience and training, e.g., number of years of graduate training, number of post-MA years spent in applied clinical activity, also failed to reach significance (rs ranged from -.31 to .31).
Use of complementary and alternative medicine in Hawaii cancer patients

This research investigated complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by Hawai'i cancer patients. Thirty-six percent of patients used CAM, most commonly religious/spiritual therapy and herbal treatments. CAM use was linked with younger age, female gender, Catholic religion, and more education. More research is needed to inform decision-making.
Xenon/computed tomography cerebral blood flow and its use in clinical management

The main advantages of stable Xe/CT is that it noninvasively provides rapid access to high-resolution, quantitative, local CBF information coupled to CT anatomy. The information obtained is valid even in disease states because a partition coefficient is directly calculated for each voxel as small as 1 x 1 x 5 mm3. CBF studies can be repeated within 20 minutes, allowing the assessment of hemodynamic states. The technology can be incorporated into all existing CT technology at relatively little expense. The disadvantages are the radiation dose from the CT scanner, the pharmacologic effects of xenon gas, and the limitations of survey. The radiation dose is significant but it is focused to the least radiation-sensitive region of the body (scalp, skull, and brain) so that the effective cancer causation risk is lower than any other CBF study that delivers isotope indescriminatly to the body. The pharmacologic properties of xenon are associated with several potential problems. Xenon alters the sensorium of many individuals and may cause patient motion. This can be minimized with careful prestudy positioning and reassurance of the patient during the study. Most patients find the sensation enjoyable; however, occasionally, a patient cannot tolerate the perception of "losing control" and the study has to be stopped. One of the concerns regarding Xe/CT is that at the 80% level, xenon has anesthetic properties. At less than 33% xenon (with the difference being oxygen), the side effects have, in fact, been few and transient, with a mild hyperesthetic and disassociated feeling being the rule. Although xenon-induced apnea was reported as a consequence of xenon inhalation, the report involved the inhalation of 100% xenon, and at the levels recommended for imaging, holding one's breath for more than 20 seconds is rare. The other concern is the degree of flow activation that occurs with xenon inhalation and its effect on the accuracy of the measurements. In part, because of the "robust" nature of the Kety-Schmidt equations and because a significant xenon-induced flow activation is delayed for about 2 minutes, the effect of the flow activation is, in fact, minimal (less than 5% elevation of calculated flow values from true values). Although an earlier study by Obrist36 suggested that the error induced by flow activation was significant, a recent computer simulation study by the same author identified a maximal theoretical error of less than 5%. Previously, Xe/CT studies were limited to three brain levels, but with the new helical CT scanners, nine levels can now be studied. Most of the concerns over the technology have been resolved (Table 1). As a result, more clinicians around the world are beginning to use this technology when they need rapid access to quantitative CBF information about their patients.
Intrusive Anuran Remains in Pit House Features: A Test of Methods

ABSTRACTThe recognition of intrusive fauna in archaeological assemblages has been attempted through many methods, although no single technique can be applied in all situations. The high number of anuran remains recovered from the WS Ranch site in west-central New Mexico is problematic as regional archaeological and ethnographic discussions of this taxon are scarce. For this reason, a suite of methods has been used to assess the status of these remains. Anuran elements account for the highest frequency taxon from pit house floors and fill. Archaeological and taphonomic factors, supported by ethnographic data, indicate that these remains are not part of the cultural assemblage.
Women and Modesty in Late Antiquity

This book offers a fresh approach to some of the most studied documents relating to Christian female asceticism in the Roman era. Focusing on the letters of advice to the women of the noble Anicia family, Kate Wilkinson argues that conventional descriptions of feminine modesty can reveal spaces of agency and self-formation in early Christian women's lives. She uses comparative data from contemporary ethnographic studies of Muslim, Hindu, and indigenous Pakistani women to draw out the possibilities inherent in codes of modesty. Her analysis also draws on performance studies for close readings of Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome and Pelagius. The book begins by locating itself within the complex terrain of feminist historiography, and then addresses three main modes of modest behavior - dress, domesticity and silence. Finally, it addresses the theme of false modesty and explores women's agency in light of Augustinian and Pelagian conceptions of choice.
Ribbon and Self‐Penetrated Hybrid Copper Molybdates with Ancillary Bis(4‐pyridylmethyl)piperazine Ligands

Hybrid copper molybdates containing the long-spanning bis(4-pyridylmethyl) piperazine (bpmp) ligand were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reduced copper phase and major product [Cu4(MoO4)2(bpmp)4]n (1) shows 1D ribbon motifs with embedded {CuI2O2} dimeric units, built from the bpmp pillaring of [Cu4(MoO4)2] linear clusters. The oxidized copper phase and minor product {[Cu2(MoO4)2(bpmp)4]·24H2O}n (2) displays [Cu(bpmp)2]n2n+ mutually inclined interpenetrated cationic layers cross-pillared by molybdate tetrahedra into an unprecedented 6-connected self-penetrated network with 485265 topology.
A bioorthogonal strategy for the radioiodination of antibodies

1104 Objectives To develop a methodology employing bioorthogonal click chemistry for the radioiodination of antibodies for PET imaging and radioimmunotherapy Methods A modular approach to the synthesis of radioiodinated antibodies was developed based on the rapid and bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition. A tyrosine-modified tetrazine precursor (Tz-Tyr) was synthesized via standard organic chemistry techniques, characterized via UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI-MS, and LC-MS, and radiolabeled with 131I. As a model system, the HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab (Tras) was modified with trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) via the conjugation of TCO-NHS to the lysines of the antibody. Results The radioiodinated precursor 131I-Tz-Tyr was synthesized using chloramine-T and purified via HPLC in high purity and specific activity. The antibody trastuzumab was conjugated with TCO-NHS under basic conditions and purified to yield a Tras-TCO immunoconjugate with 2.0 ± 0.1 TCO/mAb. 131I-Tz-Tyr was incubated with Tras-TCO in PBS (pH 7.4) for 2 hours at room temperature, and the resulting radioimmunoconjugate was purified to give 131I-Tras with a specific activity of 1-2 mCi/mg. In vivo experiments in athymic nude mice bearing BT474 human breast cancer xenografts are forthcoming. Conclusions A bioorthogonal strategy for labeling antibodies with the positron-emitting and therapeutic radioisotopes 124I and 131I has been developed and effectively applied to the synthesis of a radioiodinated trastuzumab immunoconjugate in high specific activity and purity.
MiR34a Contributes to Defective Erythropoiesis in RPS19 Insufficient Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Abstract Abstract 2404 Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is characterized by defective erythropoiesis, congenital abnormalities, and predisposition to cancer. Approximately 25% of DBA patients have a defect in the RPS19 gene, which encodes a ribosomal protein on the 40S ribosomal subunit. Previous studies in zebrafish and mice have shown that knockdown of RPS19 is correlated with the upregulation of p53, a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell cycle and apoptosis. However, the molecular pathways that link ribosome dysfunction and defective erythropoiesis remain unknown. Among the targets of p53 is microRNA34a (miR34a). Overexpression of miR34a in human myeloid leukemia K562 cells inhibits cell proliferation, leads to cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, and promotes differentiation toward the megakaryocytic lineage in a p53-independent manner. MiR34a downregulates numerous proteins, including c-Myb, which is essential for normal erythropoiesis and has been found to be expressed at lower levels in bone marrow cells from DBA patients. We hypothesize that miR34a induction downstream of p53 activation in RPS19 insufficient normal hematopoietic progenitor cells contributes to defective erythropoiesis observed in DBA patients. To study the effects of RPS19 insufficiency and downstream signaling pathways, we transduced primary CD34+ fetal liver cells with two different shRNA constructs against RPS19. Knockdown was confirmed by Western blot analysis and by qRT-PCR (73%, p Our results demonstrated that knockdown of RPS19 in primary human CD34+ fetal liver cells leads to an increase in p53 protein by Western blot analysis, and upregulation of miR34a mRNA (3-fold, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Drawing method of frequency division fault maps for GIS partial discharge based on ultra-high frequency signals

This paper proposes a drawing method of frequency division fault maps for GIS partial discharge based on Ultra-high Frequency signals. By extracting Ultra-high Frequency partial discharge signals and filtering adaptively, interference signals are filtered out real-timely, and the effective frequency sequence is obtained adaptively. The characteristic quantity of each effective frequency point is calculated, and then dynamic fault map varying with effective frequency points, characteristics trend map for frequency division discharge and quantity trend map for effective frequency points are drawn. Compared with current fault maps for GIS partial discharge, test results show that the discharge law for different frequency points is drawn by contacting effective frequency points with partial discharge law proposed in this paper, which is helpful for research on discharge law with the frequency.