cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of electrode orientation on lesion sizes produced by irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheters.

Background: Irrigated radiofrequency (RF) ablation catheters may produce different lesion sizes dependent upon the electrode orientation to the tissue. This study examined the effect of irrigated electrode orientation on the lesion size and explores a potential mechanism for this effect. Methods and Results: Lesions were created in isolated porcine myocardium using an open irrigation, closed irrigation, and nonirrigated RF catheter (all 3.5–4 mm tips). Lesions were created with the electrodes with all permutations of electrode orientation (vertical or horizontal), contact pressure (6 or 20 g), and saline superfusate flow (0.2 or 0.4 m/sec) over tissue interface. The effect of electrode irrigation without RF delivery on tissue temperature was assessed with intramyocardial temperature probes and infrared thermal imaging. For both irrigated catheters, the horizontal orientation produced 25–30% smaller lesion volumes than the vertical orientation despite equal or greater power deliveries. The horizontal orientation produced larger lesion volumes for the nonirrigated catheter. Higher superfusate flow rates were associated with decreased lesion volumes for the irrigated catheters but greater lesion volumes for the nonirrigated catheter. Catheter irrigation alone without RF delivery reduced intramyocardial temperatures up to 4.9°C and the horizontal orientation produced a 2-fold greater area of tissue cooling than the vertical orientation. Conclusion: Horizontal electrode orientations reduce lesion volumes for irrigated RF catheters. This effect may be in part due to greater areas of active tissue cooling in the horizontal orientation.
A recurrent neural network classifier for improved retrievals of areal extent of snow cover

Accurate detection of areal extent of snow in mountainous regions is important. Areal extent of snow is a useful climatic indicator. Moreover, snow melt is a major source of water supply for many arid regions (e.g., western United States, Morocco) and affects regional ecosystems. Unfortunately, accurate satellite retrievals of areal extent of snow have been difficult to achieve. Two approaches to effectively and accurately detect clear land, cloud, and areal extent of snow in satellite data are developed. A feed-forward neural network (FFNN) is used to classify individual images, and a recurrent NN is used to classify sequences of images. The continuous outputs of the NN, combined with a linear mixing model, provide support for mixed-pixel classification. Validation with independent in situ data confirms the classification accuracy (94% for feed-forward NN, 97% for recurrent NN). The combination of rapid temporal sampling (e.g., GOES) and a recurrent NN classifier is recommended (relative to an isolated scene (e.g., AVHRR) and a feed-forward NN classifier).
Watershed Runoff and Erosion Modeling with a Hybrid Mesh Model

Distributed watershed modeling has gained popularity in recent years. Prevalent models in the United States include CASC2D and WEPP, among others. Although the existing models have been successful for some applications, a number of limitations exist. This paper presents a new watershed runoff and erosion model, SRH-W, with the aim to improve the numerical methods used by the existing models. The new model builds upon process features of the existing models such as CASC2D. However, a new representation of the watershed geometry with the zonal hybrid mesh is proposed, and a new solution technique with the conservative finite-volume formulation is implemented. The modeling concept and the mathematical and numerical formulations are first described. An illustrative case is then simulated to show some new features of the model. A number of verification and validation cases are also presented to demonstrate the model performance, accuracy, and efficiency. The new model is flexible, overcomes some shortcomings o...
Prediction of Stabilizing Moments and Effects of U-Tube Anti-Roll Tank Geometry Using CFD

U-tube type stabilizers have been used in ships and offshore vessels to reduce roll motion. The motion of the fluid in the tank creates moments that counteracts the roll moment of the ship. With space and weight constraints, a well designed U-tube tank is crucial for providing effective stabilization. Geometric parameters play important roles in defining the stabilizing performance of such tanks. The effects of these parameters are sometimes interrelated. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool that can be used to predict stabilizing moments and phase lags of U-tube tanks in a short period of time. In order to use the CFD code reliably, validation is required.In this paper, a CFD code’s ability to predict stabilizing moments created by fluid in various U-tube tank geometries was validated. The effects of tank parameters on the stabilizing moments were investigated and compared with published experiment data. The results were found to be in good agreement with the model test data. The code can be used to give a preliminary evaluation of tank performance for design purposes.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Symmetric Active/Active High Availability for High-Performance Computing System Services: Accomplishments and Limitations

This paper summarizes our efforts over the last 3-4 years in providing symmetric active/active high availability for high-performance computing (HPC) system services. This work paves the way for high-level reliability, availability and serviceability in extreme-scale HPC systems by focusing on the most critical components, head and service nodes, and by reinforcing them with appropriate high availability solutions. This paper presents our accomplishments in the form of concepts and respective prototypes, discusses existing limitations, outlines possible future work, and describes the relevance of this research to other, planned efforts.
Blacked-out spaces: Freud, censorship and the re-territorialization of mind.

Freud's analogies were legion: hydraulic pipes, military recruitment, magic writing pads. These and some three hundred others took features of the mind and bound them to far-off scenes – the id only very partially resembles an uncontrollable horse, as Freud took pains to note. But there was one relation between psychic and public act that Freud did not delimit in this way: censorship, the process that checked memories and dreams on their way to the conscious. (Freud dubbed the relation between internal and external censorship a ‘parallel’ rather than a limited analogy.) At first, Freud likened this suppression to the blacking out of texts at the Russian frontier. During the First World War, he suffered, and spoke of suffering under, Viennese postal and newspaper censorship – Freud was forced to leave his envelopes unsealed, and to recode or delete content. Over and over, he registered the power of both internal and public censorship in shared form: distortion, anticipatory deletion, softenings, even revision to hide suppression. Political censorship left its mark as the conflict reshaped his view of the psyche into a society on a war footing, with homunculus-like border guards sifting messages as they made their way – or did not – across a topography of mind.
The Story Behind the Development of the First Whole-body Computerized Tomography Scanner as Told by Robert S. Ledley

“The army called me down to New York [in 1950]. I was with New York University (NYU)—and the colonel said to me, ‘Well, if you volunteer to be in the army, then you'll become a lieutenant, an officer. But if you don't volunteer, you'll be drafted anyway, and sent to boot camp. So I volunteered. And they sent me to medical field service school in Fort Sam Houston, Texas. And that was kind of interesting. And then, I guess my card dropped out, they wanted a dentist who was a physicist. And that was me.” Robert S. Ledley Dr. Robert S. Ledley is credited with “sowing the seeds” for the field of medical informatics [Ledley 1959],1 initiating the development of computerized medical image analysis [Ledley 1964],2 and for being the principal investigator of the Protein Information Resource (PIR) for 20 years [Dayhoff 1965].3 Dr. Ledley is best known for developing the first whole-body computerized tomography (CT or CAT) scanner in 1973 (Patent No. 3,922,552), which revolutionized diagnostic medicine. Dr. Ledley's first CT scanner [which he called the Automatic Computerized Transverse Axial, or ACTA, scanner; [Ledley 1974a, 1974b]2, 4 is now owned by the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of American History [Kondratas 2005].5 Using his scanner, he was the first to perform three-dimensional reconstructions [Huang 1975],6 the first to use CT in radiation therapy planning for cancer patients [Scheer 1977],7 and the creator of many other “firsts” in the application of CT in medicine. The following story describes his efforts to develop this scanner. ### How Did You Become a Dentist and a Physicist? I always liked physics. I started at Columbia [University in 1942]. Once you’re in the college, you can take any course in the whole university. In those days they only gave one year of college physics, and everything else was …
Prostate-specific Antigen Velocity: New Methods, Same Results, Still No Evidence of Clinical Utility

The use of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) as a marker in localized prostate cancer (PCa) has sometimes been described as controversial. But the data are extremely consistent: PSAV has a statistically significant association with many PCa outcomes but does not add clinical value, largely because prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSAV are highly correlated, meaning that the amount of information PSAV can add is limited. When reputable statisticians have analyzed data on PSAV from large randomized trials, the findings have been unequivocal:
Magnetic-actuated stainless steel micro-scanner for confocal hyperspectral fluorescence microscope

This paper presents the fabrication, characterization and imaging results of a wide-scanning, low voltage driven and electrical discharge machining (EDM) process fabricated stainless steel micro-scanner based real-time confocal hyperspectral fluorescence microscope for skin cancer detection.
Behavior of Intergeneric Hybrids between Hordeum vulgare L. (4x) and an Elymus mollis Type

Partially fertile F1 plants were obtained from crosses between synthetic autotetraploid Hordeum vulgare L. (2n=28) and a tetraploid Elymus mollis L. type (2n=28). The F1 plants were about the same size as the barley parent. Spikelets were sometimes altered in arrangement on the rachis, but in general more closely resembled the barley parent than Elymus. The seeds on the selfed F1 spikes were larger and more shriveled than those of autotetraploid barley.Elymus and Hordeum chromosomes could not be distinguished in most of the meiotic cells examined in the tetraploid and triploid hybrids. However, chromosomes of the Elymus parent appeared to be slightly smaller than chromosomes of the barley parent. At least eight of the 14 Hordeum chromosomes paired with eight from Elymus in the tetraploid hybrid (2n=28) and both auto and allo-syndetic pairing were observed. Cytological examinations of microsporocytes from triploid plants (2n=21) obtained from crosses of the tetraploid hybrid (2n=28)×H. vulgare L. (2n=14) showed similar types of chromosome pairing as observed in the tetraploid hybrid.
Characterization of Peptide-Oligonucleotide Heteroconjugates by Mass Spectrometry

Two peptide-oligothymidylic acids, prepared by joining an 11 residue synthetic peptide containing one internal carboxyl group (Asp side chain) to amino-linker-5'pdT6 and amino-linker-5'pdT10 oligonucleotides, were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) on a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer and by electrospray ionization (ESI) on a triple-quadrupole system. These synthetic compounds model peptide-nucleic acid heteroconjugates encountered in antisense research and in studies that use photochemical crosslinking to investigate molecular aspects of protein-nucleic acid interactions. MALDI and ESI sensitivities for the two hybrid compounds were found to be similar respectively to their sensitivities for the pure oligonucleotide parts. In general, MALDI proved to be less affected by sample impurities and more sensitive than ESI, while ESI on the quadrupole produced greater mass accuracy and resolution than MALDI on the time-of-flight instrument. A hybrid's behavior in a MALDI-matrix or an ESI-spray-solvent was found to be governed mainly by the oligonucleotide. A single positive ESI tandem mass spectrum of the peptide-dT6 accounted for the heteroconjugate's entire primary structure including the point of the oligonucleotide's covalent attachment to the peptide.
Intellectual Capital Statement (ICS) as a Method of Measurement and Management of Knowledge Assets

The article describes empirical verification of an interesting model – IC Statement (ICS). ICS is an example of a method which emphasizes the European contribution into the developing trend of intellectual capital (IC) measure and evaluation, with particular attention paid to the SME sector (a strong presence of Scandinavian countries and the USA is noticeable here). ICS is presented here as a tool enabling us to manage and evaluate IC of a company and to demonstrate the dynamics of its changes. The article contains a case study of a company operating in the construction sector in Poland. It also provides a critical analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the model. Therefore it is worth considering whether the ICS model stands a chance of becoming a commonly accepted method of evaluating and measuring IC in small and medium enterprises (Polish experiences in this scope). The survey is practical, but it also offers the presentation of theoretical foundations concerning the concept of IC. Important part of this analysis is the definition of IC elements and their evaluation within the QQS approach (quality, quantity and systematic management) included in this article. The analysis of IC finishes with the presentation of the fields of intervention (IC management portfolio), a tool which is particularly useful for company managers. The presented results may be of interest to other companies, internal and external stakeholders seeking information on what IC is, what its elements are, how to identify particular categories of IC, how to measure it, how to present IC inside the company, how to manage it to increase company value, how to identify IC elements and competitive position in a particular company, where to seek information on size and quality of IC, how much the company depends on a particular element of IC.
Management of thyroid nodules

A solitary thyroid nodule can be felt in 4–7% of the adult population [1–4]. At autopsy, the incidence of thyroid nodules in one series was almost 50%, but this is not the same as clinically palpable abnormalities [5], Whenever a thyroid nodule is discovered the question arises: is it benign, or malignant? It is not easy to find a reliable figure of what percentage of thyroid nodules are malignant; the usually quoted figures of 20–30% are based on the results of surgery, and are biased in favour of high-risk cases [6–8]. Miller [9] states that 4% of non-suspicious thyroid nodules are malignant. Based on the results of fine-needle aspirate (FNA), which are discussed later, the range appears to be 5–10%.
Low-frequency variations in the atmospheric branch of the global hydrological cycle

The annual variation of the hydrological cycle is illustrated in terms of hemispheric-mean hydrological variables for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, while the intraseasonal variations of the global hydrological cycle are illustrated with mean values over two hemispheres that form an east-west partition of the globe. This partition is defined by the 60 deg E-120 deg W great circle and was chosen so that the mean precipitation difference and the divergent water vapor transport between the two hemispheres was maximized. Two years (1979-80) of daily precipitation estimates from the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres an 14 years (1979-92) of upper-air data generated by the Global Data Assimilation System at the National Meteorological Center are used in making quantitative estimates of the annual and intraseasonal variations in the global hydrological cycle. The annual variations in hemispheric-mean precipitation (P-circumflex) and water vapor flux divergence (del(vector differential operator) dot Q-circumflex) for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are comparable with amplitudes of about 0.5 approximately 0.7 mm/day. Both (P-circumflex) and (del(vector differential operator) dot Q-circumflex) vary annually in a coherent way in each hemisphere so that water vapor diverges from the winter hemisphere, where (P-circumflex) reaches its minimum, to the summer hemisphere, where (P-circumflex) attains its maximum. In fact, the hemispheric-mean divergence of water vapor flux changes sign during the annual cycle. Intraseasonal variations of hemispheric-mean precipitation mean P-tilde, evaporation mean E-tilde, and water vapor flux divergence mean del (vector differential operator) dot Q-tilde in the two hemisphres in the east-west direction are comparable with amplitudes of about 0.1 approximately 0.2 mm/day, although amplitudes in some cases exceed 0.3 mm/day. Hemispheric-mean precipitation mean P-tilde varies coherently in opposite phase for the two hemispheres, while mean del (vector differential operator) dot Q-tilde varies so that water vapor diverges from the hemisphere of maximum mean P-tilde to the hemisphere to the hemisphere of minimum mean P-tilde. Intraseasonal variations of mean P-tilde, mean E-tilde, and mean del (vector differential oprator) dot Q-tilde are in accord with the eastward propagation of the intraseasonal global divergent circulation.
Modeling and defending against internet worm attacks

As computer and communication networks become prevalent, the Internet has been a battlefield for attackers and defenders. One of the most powerful weapons for attackers is the Internet worm. Specifically, a worm attacks vulnerable computer systems and employs self-propagating methods to flood the Internet rapidly. The objective of this research is to characterize worm attack behaviors, analyze Internet vulnerabilities, and develop effective countermeasures. More specifically, some fundamental factors that enable a worm to be designed with advanced scanning methods are presented and investigated through mathematical modeling, simulations, and real measurements. First, one factor is an uneven vulnerable-host distribution that leads to an optimal scanning method called importance scanning. Such a new method is developed from and named after importance sampling in statistics and enables a worm to spread much faster than both random and routable scanning. The information of vulnerable-host distributions, however, may not be known before a worm is released. To overcome this, worms using two suboptimal methods are then investigated. One is a self-learning worm that can accurately estimate the underlying vulnerable-host distribution while propagating. The other is a localized-scanning worm that has been exploited by Code Red II and Nimda worms. The optimal localized scanning and three variants of localized scanning are also studied. To fight against importance-scanning, self-learning, and localized-scanning worms, defenders should scatter applications uniformly in the entire IP-address space from the viewpoint of game theory. Next, a new metric, referred to as the non-uniformity factor, is presented to quantify both the unevenness of a vulnerable-host distribution and the spreading ability of network-aware worms. This metric is essentially the Renyi information entropy and better characterizes the non-uniformity of a distribution than the Shannon entropy. Finally, another fundamental factor is topology information that enables topological-scanning worms. The spreading dynamics of topological-scanning worms are modeled through a spatial-temporal random process and simulated with both real and synthesized topologies.
Voriconazole-Induced Hepatitis via Simvastatin- and Lansoprazole-Mediated Drug Interactions: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Therapeutic voriconazole concentrations have a narrow window of effectiveness before causing cholestatic hepatitis. After undergoing 1 year of voriconazole therapy for pulmonary aspergillosis, a 44-year-old man began treatment with 30 mg lansoprazole for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Within 5 days of starting treatment with lansoprazole, the patient presented with fatigue, jaundice, and cholestatic hepatitis. The hepatitis promptly resolved after stopping lansoprazole treatment. Sixteen months later, the patient was given simvastatin therapy, as recommended by the American Diabetes Association to prevent cardiovascular disease for patients with diabetes who are aged >40 years and have one additional risk factor. Within 2 weeks of taking simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (statin) therapy, the patient redeveloped fatigue, jaundice, and cholestatic hepatitis. He described both episodes of fatigue and jaundice similarly in terms of onset and intensity. Voriconazole is metabolized by both CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes. Lansoprazole is an inhibitor of the CYP2C19 isoenzyme. Competition between voriconazole and lansoprazole likely led to increased voriconazole serum concentration and acute cholestatic hepatitis in this patient. Simvastatin inhibits the CYP3A4 isoenzyme. After the patient took 10 mg simvastatin daily for 2 weeks, cholestatic hepatitis occurred. The voriconazole concentration remained elevated (4.1 μg/ml) when measured 15 days after stopping simvastatin. The patient's Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score of 7 revealed that the cholestatic hepatitis was probably precipitated by lansoprazole. Likewise, the patient's Naranjo score of 9 also revealed that cholestatic hepatitis was attributable to a definite adverse drug reaction precipitated by the addition of simvastatin to the stable baseline regimen of voriconazole. In a single patient, two different inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 pathway stimulated voriconazole-induced cholestatic hepatitis. Although the major cytochrome P450 pathways for the metabolism and clearance of lansoprazole and simvastatin are different, they both likely contributed to the reduced hepatic clearance of voriconazole in this patient.
Economics and Water Resources

The discipline of economics studies how individuals, firms, and governments make choices that determine the way resources are used. Resources are scarce, which means the demand exceeds the supply, and this is precisely why choice matters. Water, like aluminum, wood, or oil, is an economic good because it has utility (value) to people. Water is often considered special because it is an economic good that one cannot live without. Water is a production input to irrigation agriculture, just like fertilizer and seed. Water is also an important input to manufacturing and industrial processes. The discussion is limited to four general topics within economics that are relevant to water resources. First, price theory describes supply and demand relationships between producers and consumers. A second area is that of welfare economics which evolved from the realization that the private markets did not fully recognize the larger social costs and benefits associated with the production and consumption of resources. The goal of welfare economics is to maximize net social welfare. A third area of economics which is relevant to water resources is investment theory. Investment theory provides the concepts and tools to analyze the value of money over time. Finally, concepts from the field of resource economics and environmental economics are used to analyze externalities and economically efficient spending to achieve different levels of environmental quality.
Compensation for Hearing Loss

Monetary compensation for occupational hearing loss in the U.S.A. is governed by at least 57 different state and federal systems. Costs of compensation are difficult to estimate. Most U.S. jurisdictions use the 1979 AMA Method, based on pure-tone thresholds, to determine the amount of compensation. Clinical data and epidemiological models can provide useful estimates of the relative contributions of occupational noise exposure, aging, and other causes.
Analysis of the microbiome: Advantages of whole genome shotgun versus 16S amplicon sequencing

The human microbiome has emerged as a major player in regulating human health and disease. Translational studies of the microbiome have the potential to indicate clinical applications such as fecal transplants and probiotics. However, one major issue is accurate identification of microbes constituting the microbiota. Studies of the microbiome have frequently utilized sequencing of the conserved 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. We present a comparative study of an alternative approach using whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS). In the present study, we analyzed the human fecal microbiome compiling a total of 194.1 × 10(6) reads from a single sample using multiple sequencing methods and platforms. Specifically, after establishing the reproducibility of our methods with extensive multiplexing, we compared: 1) The 16S rRNA amplicon versus the WGS method, 2) the Illumina HiSeq versus MiSeq platforms, 3) the analysis of reads versus de novo assembled contigs, and 4) the effect of shorter versus longer reads. Our study demonstrates that whole genome shotgun sequencing has multiple advantages compared with the 16S amplicon method including enhanced detection of bacterial species, increased detection of diversity and increased prediction of genes. In addition, increased length, either due to longer reads or the assembly of contigs, improved the accuracy of species detection.
A Technical Note on Angel Investing in Emerging Markets

This technical note discusses the practice of angel investing, particularly its meaning and suitability to emerging markets. Adapted from a chapter in a book called An Executive Briefing on Angel Investing in Latin America (Batten Institute), this note focuses on business in Latin America, but the discussion and the relationships discussed are relevant and perfectly suitable to discussions of early-stage finance and entrepreneurship in all emerging economies. Additionally, the note explores the role of angel investors and venture capitalists on entrepreneurial activity and economic development.
The Decline of Private-Sector Defined Benefit Promises and Annuity Payments: What Will it Mean?

Congress enacted the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 to protect participants in defined benefit pension plans. Participants in such plans have greater financial security than they did prior to ERISA's existence. But the number of such plans has declined dramatically, and today they are outnumbered by more popular defined contribution plans, particularly 401(k) plans. This change raises a question of whether defined benefit plans could disappear entirely and has fueled a debate about what could be done to preserve such plans as a key element of America's retirement savings infrastructure. This paper summarizes materials presented at a policy forum sponsored by the Employee Benefit Research Institute on May 6, 2004, on the implications of new research that projects the outcome if pensions virtually disappeared. Who would feel the greatest impact? How much would be lost? What would the impact be on retirement security, retirement policy and the nation's economy? Speakers focused on the value of defined benefit plans and the importance of taking action to reverse their current decline. Few saw much immediate hope of turning things around in the absence of strong policy initiatives to encourage this outcome.
And I hope you like jamming too.

The sorting of distinctly different cell types into specific tissue compartments has long been thought to be a problem in minimization of total free energy in immiscible fluids, wherein cell–cell adhesion, cell stiffness, and cell contraction combine to define an effective macroscopic tissue surface tension. Pawlizak et al (2015 New J. Phys. 17 083049) now show not only that adhesion forces at interfaces unexpectedly fail to correlate with the density of adhesion molecules, but also that certain cancer cell lines unexpectedly fail to behave as a fluid, with cells becoming kinetically trapped in what might be a jammed, solid-like non-equilibrium state.
The Structure of DNA−Liposome Complexes

Despite numerous studies and commericially available liposome kits, however, the structure of DNA-cationic liposome complexes is still not yet well understood. We have investigated the structure of these complexes using high-resolution cryo electron microscopy (EM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 14 refs., 3 figs.
HEMAGGLUTINATION BY RHEUMATOID FACTOR OF CELLS COATED WITH ANIMAL GAMMA GLOBULINS.

Summary and ConclusionsThe bis-diazotized benzidine (BDB) hemagglutination system has been adapted to the study of the rheumatoid factor and has been demonstrated to provide certain advantages over the tanned sheep cell hemagglutination method in the study of the rheumatoid factor. Euglobulin preparations from 3 rheumatoid arthritis sera have been shown by the BDB hemagglutination method to react with human, rabbit, bovine, equine, porcine and guinea pig gamma globulins; significant reactivity with chicken gamma globulin was not demonstrated. It has been shown that the reactivity with rabbit, bovine and equine gamma globulins is associated with rheumatoid factor activity both by euglobulin precipitation and ultra-centrifugal fractionation. These reactivities with the animal gamma globulins were absorbed from rheumatoid sera by a preparation of insoluble HGG. The reactivities with the animal gamma globulins therefore are felt to represent a part of the rheumatoid factors of these sera. These findings are c...
A Tight-Binding Hamiltonian for the High-Temperature Superconductor YBa2Cu3O7

We present a highly accurate tight-binding parametrization of the LAPW band structure of the high-temperature superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , discuss the methodology used in obtaining this fit, and its potential application to a Tight-Binding Coherent-Potential Approximation (TB-CPA) calculation of the effects of oxygen vacancies on the electronic structure.
Activity-dependent potentiation of synaptic transmission from L30 inhibitory interneurons of aplysia depends on residual presynaptic Ca2+ but not on postsynaptic Ca2+.

Fischer, Thomas M., Robert S. Zucker, and Thomas J. Carew. Activity-dependent potentiation of synaptic transmission from L30 inhibitory interneurons of Aplysia depends on residual presynaptic Ca2+ ...
Ultracold Hybrid Atom–Ion Systems

Abstract Ultracold atomic samples doped with charged particles is a nascent field marrying two usually well-separated fields, namely trapped ions and ultracold atoms. Since the original proposals over 15 years ago, the initially slow pace has given way to rapid progress. In this chapter, we review some of the concepts relevant to this hybrid field, ranging from resonant charge transfer to the effect of isotope shifts, and the role of hyperfine and Zeeman interactions in obtaining Feshbach resonances allowing control of the scattering processes taking place. The next frontier, charges in a Bose–Einstein condensate, is also introduced and discussed.
Abstract 774: Proteogenomic characterization of high-grade serous ovarian cancer

High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a highly lethal gynecological malignancy, in large part because most patients develop resistance to the standard of care chemotherapy with platinum and taxanes. We performed deep proteomic and phosphoproteomic characterization on ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) previously characterized genomically by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as part of the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC; http://proteomics.cancer.gov/programs/cptacnetwork). We constructed an integrated proteogenomic landscape of HGSC and identified functional modules statistically associated with outcomes including platinum resistance and overall survival. Integration of genomic data such as copy number alterations (CNA) with global protein abundance data revealed several chromosomal regions that have significant trans effects on protein expression. These genetically affected proteins were used to construct statistical models capable of predicting survival outcomes. Trans-affected proteins were enriched in proliferation, cell motility and invasion, and immune regulation, hallmarks of cancer. We used statistical methods to identify functional pathways able to discriminate between short surviving and long surviving patients. We found that protein abundance and phosphorylation indicated pathway activity that was able to clearly discriminate between these two groups, but that transcriptional expression and CNAs were not. We integrated proteomic abundance and phosphorylation state to elucidate specific signaling interactions and pathways differentially active in tumors from patients with short overall survival as well as to predict novel kinase substrate relationships important in HGSC. Finally, we identified druggable pathways that are differentially active across proteomic subtypes. A key point arising from our multimodal analysis is that combining different types of molecular data from these tumors greatly increases the ability to identify biologically relevant differences between groups. Using a Lasso-based regression approach to integrate data we show that the most robustly predictive survival models can be obtained using integrated CNA, transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome data than with any of the individual sources of data. Citation Format: Jason E. McDermott, Samuel Payne, Debjit Ray, Vladislav Petyuk, Ronald Moore, Marina Gritsenko, Richard Smith, Karin Rodland. Proteogenomic characterization of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 774.
Laboratory Tests for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I

In 1978, the first human retrovirus was isolated from the lymphocytes of a patient in the United States with a mature T-cell malignancy (Poiesz et al. 1980). This virus is now known as human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). In 1980, serologic tests revealed that almost 100% of sera collected from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in Japan were positive for HTLV-I antibody (Kalyanaraman et al. 1982a; Robert-Guroff et al. 1982). Subsequently, other areas endemic for HTLV-I infection were found, including the Caribbean Islands (Catovsky et al. 1982; Gallo et al. 1983a), the southeastern United States (Blayney et al. 1983), parts of South America (Gallo et al. 1983a; Robert-Guroff, 1984), parts of southern Italy (Manzari et al. 1984) and many locations in Africa (Hunsmann et al. 1983); Saxinger et al. 1984). HTLV-I infection in theses areas is associated with 50–70% of all lymphoid leukemias of adulthood.
Molecular editing of sophorolipids by esterification of lipid moieties: Effects on interfacial properties at paraffin and synthetic crude oil-water interfaces

Abstract Sophorolipids (SLs) are naturally produced glycolipid biosurfactants that offer safe alternatives to chemical surfactants that have been identified as ecologically-hazardous. Molecular editing of SLs by esterification of the lipid tail was used to prepare a family of SL-esters whose hydrophobic moiety is extended from 18 carbons (17-HOC18:1Δ9) to 20, 24, or 28 carbons, respectively. The interfacial properties of natural and SL-esters were evaluated with paraffin and a synthetic crude oil. SL-esters reduced paraffin oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) by 89–97% and had critical aggregation concentrations (CACs) between 0.02–0.008 mg/mL. SL-esters were also found to emulsify paraffin and synthetic crude oil with oil/surfactant ratios up to 200:1 wt/wt for 1 week with emulsion droplet sizes below 5 μm. SL-hexyl ester had the lowest CAC, 0.008 mg/mL, and generally, the lowest droplet sizes, particularly at 10 wt% paraffin oil. While, SL-decyl ester had the highest (97.2%) maximum%-IFT reduction and gave paraffin oil emulsions that were most stable over time. SL-ester emulsions of synthetic crude oil resulted in emulsion sizes that are similar to those with paraffin oil. However, the absence of SL-ester precipitation over the range of SL-ester/synthetic crude oil emulsions tested suggest that the affinity of SL-esters to the oil phase is enhanced by the presence of o-xylene and 1,2-dimethylcyclohexane in the crude oil formulation. A natural SL mixture consisting of 1:1 lactonic (LSL) and acidic (ASL) forms has a CAC that is about an order of magnitude larger than SL-esters. Furthermore, the natural SL mixture was unable to emulsify paraffin and synthetic oil when the ratio of oil-to-surfactant is greater than 1:1. The predictive connection between CAC and emulsion sizes is discussed. IFT and emulsion data show that SL-esters are promising surfactants for crude oil related oil compositions.
The hunt for the molecular mechanism of brown fat thermogenesis

This review focuses on research that my colleagues and I carried out from 1972 to 1986 that led to the identification of the original uncoupling protein and the development of the current model for the acute regulation of brown fat thermogenesis. An important consequence of the early stages of this research was the realization that brown fat mitochondria demonstrated the key principles of Peter Mitchell's Chemiosmotic Hypothesis with exquisite precision and simplicity, that a regulatable proton conductance was necessary and sufficient to control respiration and hence thermogenesis, and that fatty acids provided not only the substrate for thermogenesis, but also acted as a self-regulating second (or third) messenger. These studies have provided the basis for 30 years of subsequent research by numerous groups into the structure and mechanism of UCP1, and its role in non-shivering thermogenesis in multiple species, including man.
A Preliminary Study of DBH (Encoding Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase) Genetic Variation and Neural Correlates of Emotional and Motivational Processing in Individuals With and Without Pathological Gambling.

Background and aims Corticostriatal-limbic neurocircuitry, emotional and motivational processing, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and genetic factors have all been implicated in pathological gambling (PG). However, allelic variants of genes influencing dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitters have not been investigated with respect to the neural correlates of emotional and motivational states in PG. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine; the T allele of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1611115 (C-1021T) in the DBH gene is associated with less DBH activity and has been linked to emotional processes and addiction. Here, we investigate the influence of rs1611115 on the neural correlates of emotional and motivational processing in PG and healthy comparison (HC) participants. Methods While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 PG and 25 HC participants, all European Americans, viewed gambling-, sad-, and cocaine-related videotapes. Analyses focused on brain activation differences related to DBH genotype (CC/T-carrier [i.e., CT and TT]) and condition (sad/gambling/cocaine). Results CC participants demonstrated greater recruitment of corticostriatal-limbic regions, relative to T-carriers. DBH variants were also associated with altered corticostriatal-limbic activations across the different videotape conditions, and this association appeared to be driven by greater activation in CC participants relative to T-carriers during the sad condition. CC relative to T-carrier subjects also reported greater subjective sadness to the sad videotapes. Conclusions Individual differences in genetic composition linked to aminergic function contribute significantly to emotional regulation across diagnostic groups and warrant further investigation in PG.
Analysis of beam sweep channel estimation in MmWave massive MIMO networks

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is a promising carrier frequency to implement massive MIMO networks. Due to the limitation on the number of RF chains and the channel sparsity in clusters, mmWave massive MIMO networks may apply a beam sweep method to estimate the channel in the angular domain. We propose a stochastic geometry framework to study the performance of beam sweep in the uplink. Based on the framework, we compute an approximate upper bound for the success probability of beam sweep. Numerical results verify the analysis, and show a non-monotonic trend between the beam width used in the beam sweep and the success probability.
Respiratory Sensations in Dynamic Hyperinflation: Physiological and Clinical Applications

Dynamic hyperinflation is a common cause of dyspnea and functional limitation in patients with emphysema. Dynamic hyperinflation occurs in individuals with air-flow limitation when expiratory time is decreased during periods of relative tachypnea (such as during exercise or agitation, for example). In this setting, patients with emphysema develop lung hyperinflation, impairment of inspiratory respiratory muscles, and an increase in work of breathing. The associated decrease in inspiratory capacity results in the stimulation of several receptors, including chemoreceptors and pulmonary receptors, which signal the brain to increase tidal volume. The inability of the respiratory system to respond to signals of increased demand (eg, by enlarging tidal volume and increasing inspiratory flow) results in a dissociation between afferent and efferent signaling thereby intensifying breathing discomfort, or what clinicians term dyspnea. A thorough understanding of the physiology of dyspnea and pathophysiology of dynamic hyperinflation informs the interventions used to mitigate sensations of dyspnea and the physiologic effects of dynamic hyperinflation, respectively. Pharmacotherapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, breathing techniques, positive airway pressure, and lung volume reduction are well-studied interventions that target pathways to dyspnea in patients with dynamic hyperinflation.
Distressed yet empathically sensitive: Preschoolers' responses to infant crying.

Abstract Using a simulated long bout of progressively intense infant crying, this study demonstrated that preschoolers responded with infant-oriented empathic concern and helping actions despite evidence of self-focused distress. Preschoolers’ helping actions were predicted by the interaction between empathic concern and cognitive inquiry.
Structured Observation Instruments Assessing Instructional Practices With Gifted and Talented Students: A Review of the Literature:

Teaching and learning are part of a complex interaction between teachers and students. Educational leaders cannot improve the teaching and learning process without quality measurement of effective ...
Aggressive Phenotype of Intravascular Lymphoma Relative to Other Malignant Intraabdominal Tumors Requiring Vascular Reconstruction.

Background Safe resection of intraabdominal and retroperitoneal malignancies with a goal of negative margins may require vascular surgical assistance with grafting of the aorta and/or vena cava. The current report reviews malignancies associated with major vascular reconstructions at a single tertiary referral center. Methods Adults with abdominal or retroperitoneal tumors involving the aorta, vena cava, or iliac arteries that underwent reconstruction with vascular grafts at the University of Michigan from 2010 to 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. The initial presentation, surgical management, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Twelve patients with tumors involving the abdominal aorta, vena cava, or iliac arteries underwent major vascular reconstruction in this seven-year study period. Tumor pathology included solid tumors (leiomyosarcoma [n = 7], germ cell tumor [n = 3], and intravascular lymphoma [n = 2]). Surgical treatment included grafting of the vena cava (n = 6), aorta (n = 3), iliac artery (n = 4), or both the aorta and vena cava (n = 1). Patients with intravascular lymphoma were identified incidentally during treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm or on pathological analysis of thromboembolism from an aortic source. Other patients had planned resection. Follow-up ranged from 9 to 86 months (median: 28.9). There were no graft occlusions. Tumor metastasized or recurred in patients with sarcoma (n = 2; 28.6%), germ cell tumor (n = 1; 33.3%), and intravascular lymphoma (n = 2; 100%). Both patients with lymphoma had multiple anastomotic or tumor-embolic pseudoaneurysms for Conclusions This single-center review suggests that sarcoma and germ cell tumors may be safely resected in conjunction with major vascular reconstruction in carefully selected patients. In comparison, intravascular lymphoma identified incidentally at the time of aortic reconstruction resulted in a more malignant course with pseudoaneurysm formation of anastomoses or native vessels, cancer recurrence, and 100% mortality. Aneurysm contents and emboli should be carefully reviewed perioperatively by pathologists.
Simple versus complex degenerative mitral valve disease.

Abstract Objectives At a center where surgeons favor mitral valve (MV) repair for all subsets of leaflet prolapse, we compared results of patients undergoing repair for simple versus complex degenerative MV disease. Methods From January 1985 to January 2016, 6153 patients underwent primary isolated MV repair for degenerative disease, 3101 patients underwent primary isolated MV repair for simple disease (posterior prolapse), and 3052 patients underwent primary isolated MV repair for complex disease (anterior or bileaflet prolapse), based on preoperative echocardiographic images. Logistic regression analysis was used to generate propensity scores for risk-adjusted comparisons (n = 2065 matched pairs). Durability was assessed by longitudinal recurrence of mitral regurgitation and reoperation. Results Compared with patients with simple disease, those undergoing repair of complex pathology were more likely to be younger and female (both P values P = .3). The most common repair technique was ring/band annuloplasty (3055/99% simple vs 3000/98% complex; P = .5), followed by leaflet resection (2802/90% simple vs 2249/74% complex; P P = .007), reoperation at 18 years was 6.3% for simple pathology versus 11% for complex pathology, and 20-year survival was 62% for simple pathology versus 61% for complex pathology ( P = .6). Conclusions Early surgical intervention has become more common in patients with degenerative MV disease, regardless of valve prolapse complexity or symptom status. Valve repair was associated with similarly low operative risk and time-related survival but less durability in complex disease. Lifelong annual echocardiographic surveillance after MV repair is recommended, particularly in patients with complex disease.
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Tarsal tunnel syndrome symptoms include dysthesias and pain in the plantar aspect of the foot, toes, or medial distal calf. Most commonly, this is caused by a space-occupying lesion, for example, a ganglion, and therefore an MRI may be appropriate. Conservative treatment should be tried for 6–12 weeks before operative intervention. Results of operative treatment are better when a definitive cause can be confirmed by prior test.