cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Floodplain Management System Model

Floodplain management is shifting from Federal emphasis on regulations to engineer streamflow to local land use planning. Difficulties with interagency coordination were studied and a planning methodology that brings together engineering and land use planning has been developed and tested. The study is described as a floodplain management system (FMS) whose objective is to maximize aggregate economic rent. The model sets planning constraints, including noneconomic considerations, to determine the combination of development policies, land use regulations, and engineering options that will be the most economically efficient. Results will vary according to specific local characteristics. 21 references. (DCK)
Extracellular matrix mediated growth and differentiation in human pigment epithelial cell line 0041.

Efforts to grow differentiated pigment epithelial cells have led to a characterization of the growth kinetics of spontaneously established, continuously growing, human retinal pigment epithelial (PE) cell line 0041 on several biomatrices. These substrates were prepared from (a) placental and amniotic membrane, (b) commercially available basement membrane matrix (Matrigel), (c) dishes coated with extracellular matrix secreted by endothelial cells (ECM), (d) dishes coated with collagen IV and/or laminin, (e) dishes coated with collagen 1 and/or fibronectin.Our findings suggest that tissue culture plastic and dishes coated with collagen IV alone promote higher cell densities, while highest plating efficiency (24 hrs) was seen on tissue culture plastic and Matrigel. The highest degree of differentiation (epithelioid appearance, apical villi and junctional complexes) was seen in cells plated on dishes coated with collagen IV and extracellular matrix secreted by endothelial cells. Cells were epithelioid and pol...
Building the State, Making the Nation: The Bases and Limits of State Centralization in “Modern” Peru

Most contemporary discussions of the nature of the state, state-building, and national consciousness formation are based on an oppositional model of state-society relations. In such models, state-building is depicted as a process in which the state must impose its central institutions and cultural/moral values on the recalcitrant local populations found within its territorial boundaries who, in resisting the state, cling to a myriad of local, oppositional identities. The present article critiques the oppositional model, proposes an alternative conceptualization that encompasses dimensions of cooperation and conflict in state-society relations, and thus points toward the forces that underlie the fragmentation and consolidation of states and national cultures.
On the effect of the Prandtl number on the onset of Bénard convection

Abstract This note summarizes the results of a numerical study designed to question (i.e., refute or validate) Chao et al. 's 1 and Bertin and Ozoe's 2 conclusion that the critical Rayleigh number increases substantially as the Prandtl number becomes very small. The numerical method is based on the finite-difference control volume formulation and the complete equations for two-dimensional (2-D) time-dependent flow. The present results show that the lowest attainable Rayleigh number for numerically simulated convection increases as Pr decreases below 0.1. These results also extend the Prandtl number domain of the observations down to Pr=10 −4 and indicate that the natural shape of a single roll in this Pr range is approximately square. The discrepancy between these observations and the constant Ra c =1,707.8 of the linear stability analysis is attributed to the extrapolation method on which the numerical convection-onset Ra data 1,2 were based. It is shown that the numerical results agree with the linear stability constant Ra c =1,707.8 and Schluter et al. 's 9 small amplitude perturbation analysis.
Cosmic Ray Response of Megapixel LWIR Arrays from TIS

We have investigated the response of 10 micron cutoff HgCdTe 1024 × 1024 pixel arrays, grown by Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS) on CdZnTe substrates, to ionizing radiation in the form of galactic cosmic ray secondaries near sea level, primarily muons, and natural radiation. The arrays are optimized for use in space observatories, such as the proposed NEOCam mission, so response to ubiquitous cosmic rays is crucially important. We analyzed 2000 6-second integration samples, for each pixel in each array, to characterize their response to ionizing radiation. Muons and other ionizing radiation leave 'footprints' in the data, visible as a sudden 'jump' in signal in the time series, which affects a cluster of pixels simultaneously. We investigated 4 key properties of these radiation hits: the number of pixels affected in each cluster, the charge generated by the event, the detector noise directly after the hit, and the responsivity of the pixel before and after each hit. The responsivity (plus dark current), given by the slope of the time series, was unaffected by the radiation hits. Likewise the correlated-double-sampling read noise was unaffected by the hits. The total charge generated was in reasonable agreement with that expected from 2-4 GeV muon hits. 8-12 pixels were typically affected by single hits, irrespective of the thickness of the CdZnTe substrate (800, 48 and zero microns). This cluster size was significantly larger than that observed in a 2.5 micron cutoff array from TIS, but similar to that shown by a 5 micron cutoff device from TIS tested for response to energetic protons for the JWST mission.
On the hazard of quiet vehicles to pedestrians and drivers

The need to produce more efficient and less polluting vehicles has encouraged mass production of alternative energy vehicles, such as hybrid and electric cars. Many of these vehicles are capable of very quiet operation. While reducing noise pollution is desirable, quieter vehicles could negatively affect pedestrian safety because of reduced sound cues compared to louder internal combustion engines. Three studies were performed to investigate people's concern about this issue. In Study 1, a questionnaire completed by 378 people showed substantial positive interest in quiet hybrid and electric cars. However, they also indicated concern about the reduced auditory cues of quiet vehicles. In Study 2, 316 participants rated 14 sounds that could be potentially added to quiet alternative-energy vehicles. The data showed that participants did not want annoying sounds, but preferred adding "engine" and "hum" sounds relative to other types of sounds. In Study 3, 24 persons heard and rated 18 actual sounds within 6 categories that were added to a video of a hybrid vehicle driving by. The sounds most preferred were "engine" followed by "white noise" and "hum". Implications for adding sounds to facilitate pedestrians' detection of moving vehicles and for aiding drivers' awareness of speed are discussed.
Responding to the Prison Crowding Crisis: The Restructuring of a Prison System:

This paper provides a case study of how one state correctional system responded to the exigencies of prison crowding. It examines the factors that have shaped the formulation of prison population management policy as well as the strategies developed by the prison system to cope with and manage its offender population. The present study places particular attention on the way a state penal system innovated to deal with the pressures of crowding when other governmental agencies failed to assist the agency with handling a significant increase in prison population.
Linear traveling wave motor

The objective of this research is to design and develop a working prototype of a linear traveling wave motor that utilizes Thin-layer composite-Unimorph piezoelectric Driver (THUNDER) technology. THUNDER technology is used to create curved actuators from piezoceramic wafers. These flexures are arranged alternatively bowed towards and away from a flat surface. The basis of motion rest on the fact that upon actuation the flexures will change both chord length and radius of curvature. This allows the flexures to either grip the driving rod or extend axially. Motion is achieved through sequential operation of individual flexures. This method yields a lightweight actuator with power off holding capability and a larger step size than motors that use stacked actuators. The simple design lends itself to inexpensive fabrication. A finite element model was used to predict the initial curvature and the height displacement of a single flexure. The model takes into account material properties, physical layout, fabrication techniques and driving voltage. These theoretical predictions were compared to experimental results. A prototype was developed but no movement has been realized in this configuration. However, it is shown that the flexures have the capability to achieve step sizes 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than other similar linear actuators.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The ATOMFT integrator - Using Taylor series to solve ordinary differential equations

This paper discusses the application of ATOMFT, an integration package based on Taylor series solution with a sophisticated user interface. ATOMFT has the capabilities to allow the implementation of user defined functions and the solution of stiff and algebraic equations. Detailed examples, including the solutions to several astrodynamics problems, are presented. Comparisons with its predecessor ATOMCC and other modern integrators indicate that ATOMFT is a fast, accurate, and easy method to use to solve many differential equation problems.
APOE: A Risk Factor for Multiple Disorders

In the first study in this series, 3 longitudinal assessment of cognitive function was performed in 72 healthy elders, and the effects of both APOE genotype and family history of AD were determined. Subjects with a family history of AD had lower baseline scores in several tests of cognitive function; however, family history of AD was not associated with longitudinal cognitive decline. This suggests that family history establishes baselines of general cognition and cognitive reserve, but other factors may be necessary to initiate disease processes. In contrast, APOE alleles were not associated with baseline performance; however, upon follow-up, APOE E4 noncarriers showed improved cognitive performance. This suggests that APOE is perhaps involved in the synaptic processes of memory consolidation and neuronal plasticity, perhaps serving as a substrate for some of the wellknown protective effects of environmental variables such as education. In the second study in this series, 4 plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and apoE, as well as cognitive performance and APOE genotypes, were measured. The study population was composed of 1,395 healthy cognitively normal individuals 65 years and older free of psychiatric illness from the Tone project, a community cohort from Tone town, Ibaraki, Japan, north of Tokyo. Overall cognitive scores were higher in APOE E4 negatives. Higher plasma levels of HDL were associated with better cognitive function in individuals without APOE E4 alleles. Individuals with higher plasma levels of apoE exhibited improved cognition, regardless of their E4 genotype. Scrutiny of both plasma levels of HDL and apoE, and APOE genotypes, revealed that the HDL differences with APOE genotype were mediated through apoE levels. The authors suggested that high peripheral HDL and ApoE could preserve cognition through apoE recycling, which would, in turn, reduce cholesterol accumulation. In the third article 5 in this series, APOE geno
ANTIFERROMAGNETIC COUPLING OF SURFACE LOCAL MOMENT TO A STRONGLY FERROMAGNETIC SUBSTRATE

The exchange coupling J⊥ of a surface local moment to a strongly ferromagnetic surface is calculated in RPA using a tight binding model. J⊥ is shown to decrease rapidly with increasing impurity occupancy ni and there is a critical ni for which J⊥ becomes antiferromagnetic. The model is used to discuss Bergmann's measurements for Fe and Ni impurities on Pd and the observed weakening of exchange for Fe on the surface of FeNiB0.5 glass.
A Prospective Study of Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Metabolism in Women Using a Continuous Subdermal Levonorgestrel Implant System

OBJECTIVE: Decreased insulin sensitivity and deterioration in oral glucose tolerance curves have been reported with oral contraceptive use, particularly with those containing levonorgestrel. However, the subdermal levonorgestrel systems release a lower dosage of steroid and avoid the first pass through the liver that occurs with oral administration. We hypothesized, therefore, that continuous subdermal levonorgestrel has no significant effect on insulin sensitivity and other indices of glucose metabolism. METHODS: Nine women desiring a subdermal hormonal contraceptive system were recruited for this longitudinal prospective study. Each subject underwent a 3-hour frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test immediately before insertion and after 6 months of continuous use. Insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness were determined using a mathematical minimal modeling approach. Glucose clearance and fasting and peak levels of glucose and insulin were examined as well. The matched-pair data were analyzed using paired t tests. RESULTS: There was no significant change in insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness, glucose clearance, or fasting or peak insulin levels. Fasting glucose levels remained within a normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Subdermal levonorgestrel appears to have no significant effect on tissue insulin sensitivity or glucose metabolism after 6 months of continuous use.
Lateralized interference in finger tapping: initial value differences do not affect the outcome.

Abstract Willis and Goowin , Neuropsychologia 25 , 719–724, 1987, have suggested that asymmetric interference observed in dual-task/time-sharing studies may be a statistical artifact of “initial-values” differences and not hemispheric lateralization. In the present study lateralized finger-tapping interference produced by concurrent anagram solution was observed even after the initial right-hand advantage in baseline tapping performance was removed experimentally.
Investigation of aqueous sodium dichromate oxidation for coal structural studies

Abstract To determine optimum conditions, the aqueous Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 oxidation as applied to coals, coal products, model compounds and polymers was investigated in detail. It was found that this oxidation preferentially attacks aliphatic and alicyclic methylene linkages with minimum degradation of most aromatic ring systems, as suggested earlier. However, aliphatic-rich macromolecules, probably related to exinites, were found to be selectively oxidized and isolated as long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acids under buffer-controlled oxidation conditions.
Recurrent pulse trains in the solar hard X-ray flare of 1980 June 7

This study presents a detailed examination of the solar hard X-ray and gamma-ray flare of 1980 June 7 as seen by the Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer on SMM. The hard X-ray profile is most unusual in that it is characterized by an initial pulse train of seven intense hard X-ray spikes. However, the event is unique among the 6300 events observed by HXRBS in that the temporal signature of this pulse train recurs twice during the flare. Examinations of the hard X-ray data in conjunction with radio and gamma-ray observations show that the 28-480 keV X-ray emission is simultaneous with the 17 GHz microwave fluxes within 128 ms and that the 3.5-6.5 MeV prompt gamma-ray line emission is coincident with secondary maxima of the microwave and X-ray fluxes. Although the absence of spatially resolved hard X-ray observations leaves other possibilities open, a parameterization of the event as a set of seven sequentially firing loops is presented that offers many satisfying explanations of the observations.
Percy Bysshe Shelley and the Sciences

The poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) followed advances in the sciences with enthusiasm. This essay sketches the biographical details and historical context of Shelley's interest in science, and shows how past and present literary criticism has interpreted the influence of science on Shelley's poetry.
Identification of a creatine kinase inhibitor in human serum

Human skeletal muscle creatine kinase is inhibited by a dialyzable factor in human serum. The inhibitor was fractionated from other serum components by ultrafiltration and chromatography on Sephadex G-10 and was identified as uric acid by spectral, chromatographic, and kinetic methods. Its quantitative kinetic properties are identical to those of uric acid, both as a substrate for uricase and as an inhibitor of creatine kinase. Inhibition of creatine kinase by the natural inhibitor and by known uric acid is completely reversible by addition of thiol compounds.
Working With and Training Undergraduates as Teaching Assistants

We describe a program for involving undergraduate teaching assistants (UTAs) in many types of psychology courses, as well as a 1-credit seminar for preparation of UTAs. The program, widely used by both faculty and students, has matured over a 10-year period. The seminar covers such topics as course organization, evaluation procedures, and videotaping a class presentation. UTAs sign a contract that includes ethical challenges they may encounter. We outline the potential benefits of the program for the UTAs, fellow students, the faculty, and the institution.
Personality Factors of College Students from Two Different Enrollment Periods.

Differences in personality factors measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire between 1971-1972 and 1977-1978 college students were determined using multiple regression analysis. An overall significant difference between the two groups on the combined factors was obtained, and specific factor differences are discussed. The results showed the 1977-78 students to be more extroverted, better adjusted, less radical, less suspicious, less tense, more assertive, more enthusiastic, more venturesome, more conscientious, more self-assured, more secure, and more conservative than the 1971-72 students.
Primary care patient characteristics associated with completion of 6-month buprenorphine treatment.

Abstract Background Opioid addiction is prevalent in the United States. Detoxification followed by behavioral counseling (abstinence-only approach) leads to relapse to opioids in most patients. An alternative approach is substitution therapy with the partial opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine, which is used for opioid maintenance in the primary care setting. This study investigated the patient characteristics associated with completion of 6-month buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in an ambulatory primary care office. Methods A retrospective chart review of 356 patients who received buprenorphine for treatment of opioid addiction was conducted. Patient characteristics were compared among completers and non-completers of 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Results Of the 356 patients, 127 (35.7%) completed 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Completion of treatment was associated with counseling attendance and having had a past injury. Conclusions Future research needs to investigate the factors associated with counseling that influenced this improved outcome. Patients with a past injury might suffer from chronic pain, suggesting that buprenorphine might produce analgesia in addition to improving addiction outcome in these patients, rendering them more likely to complete 6-month buprenorphine treatment. Further research is required to test this hypothesis. Combination of behavioral and medical treatment needs to be investigated for primary care patients with opioid addiction and chronic pain.
Lactation reduces Fos induction in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus after urethane administration in rats

Both neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stressors are reduced in lactating animals. In these studies we determined whether Fos induction following treatment with urethane would differ between nonlactating and lactating rats. Urethane treatment produced robust Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus 1 h after treatment. Fos expression in both the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei was attenuated in lactating rats compared to that seen in nonlactating animals but Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala did not differ between these two groups. Removing litters from lactating rats 48 h prior to urethane administration restored the Fos response in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the level seen in nonlactating rats.
Computing the block triangular form of a sparse matrix

We consider the problem of permuting the rows and columns of a rectangular or square, unsymmetric sparse matrix to compute its block triangular form. This block triangular form is based on a canonical decomposition of bipartite graphs induced by a maximum matching and was discovered by Dulmage and Mendelsohn. We describe implementations of algorithms to compute the block triangular form and provide computational results on sparse matrices from test collections. Several applications of the block triangular form are also included.
1-DE MS and 2-D LC-MS analysis of the mouse bronchoalveolar lavage proteome.

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is a complex mixture of proteins, which represents a unique clinically useful sampling of the lower respiratory tract. Many proteomic technologies can be used to characterize complex biological mixtures; however, it is not yet clear which technology(s) provide more information regarding the number of proteins identified and sequence coverage. In this study, we initially compared two common proteomic approaches, 2-D LC microESI MS/ MS and 1-DE followed by gel slice digestion, peptide extraction and peptide identification by MS in characterization of the mouse BALF proteome; secondly, we identified 297 unique proteins from the mouse BALF proteome, greatly expanded the BALF proteome by about threefold regardless of species.
Comparison of the Performances of Two Aggregate Air Traffic Models

ight paths, the other including the entire National Airspace System. Numerical results of this study show that the Link Transmission Model achieves a same level of accuracy as Large-capacity Cell Transmission Model in air trac prediction , and the computational eciency is signicantly improved with an equally optimal solution in air trac optimization.
Transition: from vocational guidance to counseling psychology.

In 1951, rather suddenly but not unexpectedly, a new psychological job title came into use in the United States, and a hitherto somewhat amorphous and debatable field of psychology emerged as clearly a field in its own right. The job was that of counseling psychologist, the field was that of counseling psychology. These terms were adopted at a meeting which took place at Northwestern University immediately prior to the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in September, 1951, at a special conference called by C. Gilbert Wrenn of the University of Minnesota, president of what was then called the Division of Counseling and Guidance of the American Psychological Association. The conference was attended by some sixty leading psychologists interested in vocational guidance and in counseling. The way had been paved for this conference by a Committee on Counselor Training headed by Francis P. Robinson of the Ohio State University, and two co-ordinate subcommittees, one on Doctoral Training Programs headed by Edward S. Bordin of the University of Michigan and one on the Practicum Training of Counseling Psychologists chaired by the present writer. The work of these committees and of the Northwestern Conference, published in the June, 1952, issue of the American Psychologist (3, 4), crystallized current thinking and standardized terminology, giving birth to the term counseling psychology and creating an awareness among psychologists of some of the important differences between this and the related fields of applied psychology. It may be of general interest to outline the origins of this new development.
Spindle Cell Carcinoids of the Lung with Paraganglioid Features: a Reappraisal of their Histogenetic Origin from Paraganglia Using Immunohistochemical and Electronmicroscopic Techniques

Five cases of spindle cell carcinoids of the lung were analyzed by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural technique. They were found to be biphasic tumors composed of the major component of neuroendocrine cells (chief cells) and a minor component of dendritic cells (supporting cells). The chief cells displayed positivity for neuroendocrine phenotypic antigenic markers: neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A, and synaptophysin. They contained varying numbers of dense-core granules by electron microscopy. In addition, the chief cells expressed cytoplasmic positivity for cytokeratins. The supporting cells were dendritic in appearance and displayed strong positivity for S-100 protein in all cases. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was positive in two cases. On electron microscopy, the supporting cells were agranular and found along the external lamina surrounding the nests of tumor cells. In two cases, rare ganglion cell-like cells were present. The histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features were contrastingly different from the classical pulmonary carcinoid and rather resembled gangliocytic paragangliomas arising from small intestine and spine. It is proposed that pulmonary carcinoids with biphasic features are better designated as gangliocytic paragangliomas of the lung rather than paraganglioid carcinoids.
A Low Phase Noise 100MHz Silicon BAW Reference Oscillator

The paper presents a temperature compensated 100MHz reference oscillator based on a capacitive silicon Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonator interfaced with a CMOS amplifier. The resonator is optimized for high quality factor (92000) and low impedance. The CMOS IC comprises of a trans-impedance amplifier to sustain oscillations and an oven control mechanism for temperature control. A phase noise floor of ?136dBc/Hz was measured for the oscillator and the temperature drift of frequency was measured to be 56ppm over 100°C.
Analysis and Design for Inelastic Behavior

Increased understanding of the behavior of materials and structural and machine components has led to a change in design emphasis from stress levels to load capacity. In Chapter 10 computed stresses associated with service or working loads were compared to allowable stresses. These allowable stresses were determined by applying a factor of safety to some “ failure ” stress. Traditional designs of the past as well as much current engineering practice has made use of these concepts. However, recent trends have refocused the attention of design engineers on the load-carrying capacity of components and overall structures. Service or working loads are multiplied by load factors greater than unity, and materials and sizes of components are selected to “ fail ” under the action of these factored loads. The term failure is defined in this chapter to mean that the component after being subjected to a maximum load continues to deflect under practically constant load. This concept restricts the discussion to ductile metals under static loading at ordinary temperatures. Once the calculations are completed, the component should safely withstand the service or working loads, which are much smaller than the ultimate or factored loads.
Near-Bayesian exploration in polynomial time

We consider the exploration/exploitation problem in reinforcement learning (RL). The Bayesian approach to model-based RL offers an elegant solution to this problem, by considering a distribution over possible models and acting to maximize expected reward; unfortunately, the Bayesian solution is intractable for all but very restricted cases. In this paper we present a simple algorithm, and prove that with high probability it is able to perform e-close to the true (intractable) optimal Bayesian policy after some small (polynomial in quantities describing the system) number of time steps. The algorithm and analysis are motivated by the so-called PAC-MDP approach, and extend such results into the setting of Bayesian RL. In this setting, we show that we can achieve lower sample complexity bounds than existing algorithms, while using an exploration strategy that is much greedier than the (extremely cautious) exploration of PAC-MDP algorithms.
The Price of 'Man' and 'Woman': A Hedonic Pricing Model of Avatar Attributes in a Synthethic World

This paper explores a unique new source of social valuation: a market for bodies. The internet hosts a number of large synthetic worlds which users can visit by piloting a computer-generated body, known as an avatar. Avatars can have an asset value, in that users can spend time to increase their skills; these asset values can be directly observed in online markets. Auction data for avatars from the synthetic fantasy world of EverQuest are used here to explore a number of questions, especially those involving the relative value of male and female avatars. In EverQuest, about 20 percent of the avatar population is female, and there are no sex-based differences in avatar capabilities. Many avatars (about one-fourth to one-fifth of the population) are cross-gendered, being piloted by a person of the opposite sex. Nonetheless, relations between avatars are gender-based, and include chivalry, dating, and sex. Female avatars tend to be concentrated in highly sexualized Human and Elven races, with very few being present among such aesthetically-challenged races as Ogres and Trolls. Hedonic analysis of the auction price data suggests that gender labels are a less important determinant of avatar values than the "level," a game-design metric that indicates the overall capabilities of the avatar. Thus, ability seems more important than sex in determining the value of a body. Nonetheless, among comparable avatars, females do sell at a significant price discount. The average avatar price is 333 dollar; the price discount for females is 40 to 55 dollar, depending on methods. The discount may stem from a number of causes, including discrimination in Earth society, the maleness of the EverQuest player base, or differences in well-being related to male and female courtship roles. We do know, however, that these differences cannot be caused by sex-based differences in the abilities of the body, since in the fantasy world of Norrath there are none.
IGF-I increases bone marrow contribution to adult skeletal muscle and enhances the fusion of myelomonocytic precursors

Muscle damage has been shown to enhance the contribution of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to regenerating skeletal muscle. One responsible cell type involved in this process is a hematopoietic stem cell derivative, the myelomonocytic precursor (MMC). However, the molecular components responsible for this injury-related response remain largely unknown. In this paper, we show that delivery of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to adult skeletal muscle by three different methods-plasmid electroporation, injection of genetically engineered myoblasts, and recombinant protein injection-increases the integration of BMDCs up to fourfold. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we developed an in vitro fusion assay in which co-cultures of MMCs and myotubes were exposed to IGF-I. The number of fusion events was substantially augmented by IGF-I, independent of its effect on cell survival. These results provide novel evidence that a single factor, IGF-I, is sufficient to enhance the fusion of bone marrow derivatives with adult skeletal muscle.
The threat of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: β-lactams in peril!

Beta-lactam antibiotics are the cornerstone of our antibiotic armamentarium. By inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, they are highly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Unfortunately, bacteria have evolved sophisticated resistance mechanisms to combat the lethal effects of beta-lactam antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are all able to evade killing by penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems. This multi-drug resistant phenotype that challenges health care workers worldwide is caused by an array of resistance determinants. These include altered expression of outer membrane proteins and efflux pumps, along with an increasing arsenal of beta-lactamases. Future strategies in beta-lactam design must take into account the complex nature of resistance in Gram-negative pathogens.
Three Films by Hugo Zemp

The Feast-Day of Tamar and Lashari. Hugo Zemp, director; DVD, color, 73 mins., 1998. Distributor: Documentary Educational Resources (see below); institutional sale US $245; individual sale US $24.9...
kW fiber lasers

We describe a monolithic (fully fused), 1.2-kW, Yb-doped fiber laser with single-mode beam quality. This laser employs a new generation of 100-W, high-brightness, fiber-coupled pump sources based on spatially multiplexed single emitters and a simple, end-pumped design for high efficiency, reliability, and environmental stability.
The Maize Genome Sequencing Project

On September 20, 2002, the National Science Foundation (NSF) announced the launch of the Maize Genome Sequencing Project. The momentum for this endeavor has been building within the maize ( Zea mays ) genetics and larger plant science community for several years. Reasons for launching a concerted
Birefringent Property of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Serum

Serum of hypercholesterolemic rabbits, when pulsated for 72 hours at pressures of 300 mm. Hg/0 mm. Hg with a pulse rate of 80 produced a birefringent deposit in excised pieces of rabbit aortae. Serum from normal rabbits did not produce this deposit. The active component or components responsible for this deposit are in the β-lipoprotein fraction of serum. The birefringent material is detectable in serum by this method before lipoid degeneration of the arterial intima becomes apparent in the sacrificed animal.
Analysis and synthesis of sparsely connected feedback neural networks

Presents results for the analysis and synthesis of a class of neural networks with sparse connections. The authors' design procedure guarantees to synthesize neural networks with arbitrarily predetermined sparse connection structures and to store a given set of desired bipolar patterns. >
Influence of electron dose rate on electron counting images recorded with the K2 camera.

A recent technological breakthrough in electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) is the development of direct electron detection cameras for data acquisition. By bypassing the traditional phosphor scintillator and fiber optic coupling, these cameras have greatly enhanced sensitivity and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). Of the three currently available commercial cameras, the Gatan K2 Summit was designed specifically for counting individual electron events. Counting further enhances the DQE, allows for practical doubling of detector resolution and eliminates noise arising from the variable deposition of energy by each primary electron. While counting has many advantages, undercounting of electrons happens when more than one electron strikes the same area of the detector within the analog readout period (coincidence loss), which influences image quality. In this work, we characterized the K2 Summit in electron counting mode, and studied the relationship of dose rate and coincidence loss and its influence on the quality of counted images. We found that coincidence loss reduces low frequency amplitudes but has no significant influence on the signal-to-noise ratio of the recorded image. It also has little influence on high frequency signals. Images of frozen hydrated archaeal 20S proteasome (~700 kDa, D7 symmetry) recorded at the optimal dose rate retained both high-resolution signal and low-resolution contrast and enabled calculating a 3.6 A three-dimensional reconstruction from only 10,000 particles.
Satan’s Throne, Imperial Cults and the Social Settings of Revelation

The book of Revelation did not have one single social setting but several, reflecting the fact that its recipients lived in seven different urban settings. These recipients had various external and internal problems but they agreed with John about non-participation in imperial cults. In the last half of Revelation, John used their agreement regarding imperial cults as a way of addressing three disagreements he had with certain members of some of the assemblies. In each case, John connected the disputed issue to imperial cults, and then located the issue in a broader critique of Roman imperial society. Thus he employed the imagery of imperial cults to move his audience from the consideration of particular issues to an analysis of religion, economy, and imperialism.
MIMO Hybrid-ARQ Utilizing Lower Rate Retransmission over Mobile WiMAX System

A novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) scheme usinga different MIMO mode retransmission, called Lower RateRetransmission (LRR) scheme, is proposed in this paper. AMIMO mode with a higher diversity order than the initialtransmission is used for retransmission to enhance the performance.The performance of LRR scheme has been investigatedvia Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed scheme can achievebetter performance with a lower complexity as compared toconventional MIMO-HARQ schemes used in IEEE 802.16e.
A Novel 3D Cell Array Architecture for Terra-Bit NAND Flash Memory

A novel 3D flash cell array architecture, called "hybrid 3D", is proposed to provide the distinctive low address selection method of stacked channels, suitable for conventional NAND page operation. The strings are composed of GAA type selector and double gate type cells, and their key characters were verified independently. The GAA selectors showed excellent and uniform switching character, and double gate MANOS cells were expected to provide enough program window and acceptable reliability for MLC. Extendibility of hybrid 3D was rigorously estimated within the acceptable range of channel stacking and word line scaling, where 2 Tb NAND flash memory would be available just by 16 channel stacks.
Incidence and Clinical Features of Diabetic Ketoacidosis After Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery.

Bariatric surgery is considered an effective (1,2) and relatively safe (3) option for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes, which mainly occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes but can present in patients with type 2 diabetes under stressful conditions (4,5). The characteristics of early postoperative DKA following bariatric surgery are largely unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and clinical circumstances underlying DKA after bariatric surgery. From January 2005 to December 2015, a total of 12 patients who developed DKA within 90 days following bariatric surgery at an academic center were identified in a database approved by an institutional review board. All patients met the American Diabetes Association criteria for the diagnosis of DKA (4,5). Two endocrinologists independently verified the diagnosis of DKA in the included patients. Baseline characteristics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. Of the 12 patients who developed …
THE CORRELATION OF CLIMATE AND HOST PLANT MORPHOLOGY WITH A GEOGRAPHIC GRADIENT OF AN INVERSION POLYMORPHISM IN DROSOPHILA PACHEA.

In 1967 Lewontin reviewed the correlations that have been made with environmental parameters on the degree of heterozygosity for chromosomal inversions within species (da Cunha et al., 1959; Carson, 1959; Dobzhansky, 1957) and pointed outthat the difficulty in these attempts are caused in part because of the lack of a real understanding of the ecology of Drosophila. A considerable amount of information now exists on Drosophila larval breeding sites (Carson, 1971) and this knowledge has provided more insight into the role of ecology in controlling the accumulation of inversions in some species groups (Heed and Russell, 1971; Spieth and Heed, 1972). However, the present report is considered exceptional because of the relative simplicity of conditions that may be controlling the inversion polymorphism. Drosophila pachea Patterson and Wheeler is one of the more abundant species of the Sonoran Desert in Mexico. Our attention has been focused on this interesting species for cytological and genetic studies because it manifests several unique properties. (1) The restrictive nutritional requirements of D. pachea are satisfied by the unusual sterols present in only one of the common Sonoran Desert cereus cacti, Lophocereus schottii (Engleman) Britton and Rose, known locally as "senita" (Heed
A Model of Neuropeptide Transport in Various Types of Nerve Terminals Containing En Passant Boutons: The Effect of the Rate of Neuropeptide Production in the Neuron Soma

After being synthesized in the soma, neuropeptides are packaged in dense core vesicles (DCVs) and transported toward nerve terminals. It is known, from published experimental results, that in terminals with type Ib boutons DCVs circulate in the terminal, undergoing repeated anterograde and retrograde transport, while in type III terminals DCVs do not circulate in the terminal. Our goal here is to investigate whether the increased DCV production in the soma can lead to the appearance of DCV circulation in type III boutons. For this purpose we developed a mathematical model that simulates DCV transport in various terminals. Our model reproduces some important experimental results, such as those concerning DCV circulation in type Ib and type III terminals. We used the developed model to make testable predictions. The model predicts that an increased DCV production rate in the soma leads to increased DCV circulation in type Ib boutons and to the appearance of DCV circulation in type III boutons. The model also predicts that there are different stages in the development of DCV circulation in the terminals after they were depleted of DCVs due to neuropeptide release.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Plasmodium falciparum Cyclic Amine Resistance Locus (PfCARL), a Resistance Mechanism for Two Distinct Compound Classes.

MMV007564 is a novel antimalarial benzimidazolyl piperidine chemotype identified in cellular screens. To identify the genetic determinant of MMV007564 resistance, parasites were cultured in the presence of the compound to generate resistant lines. Whole genome sequencing revealed distinct mutations in the gene named Plasmodium falciparum cyclic amine resistance locus (pfcarl), encoding a conserved protein of unknown function. Mutations in pfcarl are strongly associated with resistance to a structurally unrelated class of compounds, the imidazolopiperazines, including KAF156, currently in clinical trials. Our data demonstrate that pfcarl mutations confer resistance to two distinct compound classes, benzimidazolyl piperidines and imidazolopiperazines. However, MMV007564 and the imidazolopiperazines, KAF156 and GNF179, have different timings of action in the asexual blood stage and different potencies against the liver and sexual blood stages. These data suggest that pfcarl is a multidrug-resistance gene rat...
Methionine, Cystine, Sodium Sulfate, and Fermacto-500 Supplementation of Practical-Type Diets for Young Turkeys

Abstract Two experiments were conducted using a total of 1,296 poults divided into 144 pens to determine the effects of adding .10% DL-methionine, .10% L-cystine, .50% sodium-sulfate, and .125 or .250% Fermacto-500 to their diets. Large White and Medium White turkeys were raised to 7 and 8 weeks of age in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Each of the 24 diets was fed to one pen of each sex in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design in the first experiment and to two pens of each sex in the second experiment. The basal diet, composed primarily of ground yellow corn and dehulled soybean meal, contained 28% protein, .49% methionine, and .41% cystine. Average body weights at the end of the experiments were increased 3.6% from .10% added DL-methionine, 3.4% from .10% added L-cystine, and 5.3 and 6.0% from .125 and .250% added Fermacto-500, respectively. Although sodium sulfate failed to increase final body weights, 2- and 4-week body weights were increased 3.2 and 2.1%, respectively. Sodium sulfate increased body weights more in the absence of added cystine, indicating a sparing effect of sodium sulfate on cystine. The increases in body weight from methionine and cystine were additive, indicating that the sulfur amino acid requirement is probably in excess of 1.10% and that .51% may be cystine.
Weak Inference for Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models with Time-Varying Parameters

This paper studies proper inference and asymptotically accurate structural break tests for parameters in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models in a maximum likelihood framework. Two empirically relevant issues may invalidate the conventional inference procedures and structural break tests for parameters in DSGE models: (i) weak identification and (ii) moderate parameter instability. DSGE literatures focus on dealing with weak identification issue, but ignore the impact of moderate parameter instability. This paper contributes to the literature via considering the joint impact of two issues in DSGE framework. The main results are: in a weakly identified DSGE model, (i) moderate instability from weakly identified parameters would not affect the validity of standard inference procedures or structural break tests; (ii) however, if strongly identified parameters are featured with moderate time-variation, the asymptotic distributions of test statistics would deviate from standard ones and would no longer be nuisance parameter free, which renders standard inference procedures and structural break tests invalid and provides practitioners misleading inference results; (iii) as long as I concentrate out strongly identified parameters, the instability impact of them would disappear as the sample size goes to infinity, which recovers the power of conventional inference procedure and structural break tests for weakly identified parameters. To illustrate my results, I simulate and estimate a modified version of the Hansen (1985) Real Business Cycle model and find that my theoretical results provide reasonable guidance for finite sample inference of the parameters in the model. I show that confidence intervals that incorporate weak identification and moderate parameter instability reduce the biases of confidence intervals that ignore those effects. While I focus on DSGE models in this paper, all of my theoretical results could be applied to any linear dynamic models or nonlinear GMM models.
Artificial urinary sphincter implantation after pubectomy for bone tumor.

AbstractWe report 2 cases of unilateral and bilateral excision of pubic bone tumors (chondrosarcoma and giant cell tumor). Postoperative stress incontinence was corrected by implantation of an artificial sphincter (AMS800) following which both patients were continent. The etiology of the incontinence was lack of bladder and urethral support, which was not correctable by bladder neck suspension procedures.