cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elevated cyclin A associated kinase activity promotes sensitivity of metastatic human cancer cells to DNA antimetabolite drug

Drug resistance is a major obstacle in successful systemic therapy of metastatic cancer. We analyzed the involvement of cell cycle regulatory proteins in eliciting response to N (phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), an inhibitor of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, in two metastatic variants of human cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 isolated from lung (L-2) and brain (Br-1) in nude mouse, respectively. L-2 and Br-l cells markedly differed in their sensitivity to PALA. While both cell types displayed an initial S phase delay/arrest, Br-l cells proliferated but most L-2 cells underwent apoptosis. There was distinct elevation in cyclin A, and phosphorylated Rb proteins concomitant with decreased expression of bcl-2 protein in the PALA treated L-2 cells undergoing apoptosis. Markedly elevated cyclin A associated and cdk2 kinase activities together with increased E2F1-DNA binding were detected in these L-2 cells. Induced ectopic cyclin A expression sensitized Br-l cells to PALA by activating an apoptotic pathway. Our findings demonstrate that elevated expression of cyclin A and associated kinase can activate an apoptotic pathway in cells exposed to DNA antimetabolites. Abrogation of this pathway can lead to resistance against these drugs in metastatic variants of human carcinoma cells.
Virulence in a Pseudomonas syringae Strain with a Small Repertoire of Predicted Effectors

stract Both type III effector proteins and non-ribosomal peptide toxins play important roles for Pseudomonas syringae pathogenicity in host plants, but whether and how these virulence pathways interact to promote infection remains unclear. Genomic evidence from one clade of P. syringae suggests a tradeoff between the total number of type III effector proteins and presence of syringomycin, syringopeptin, and syringolin A toxins. Here we report the complete genome sequence from P. syringae CC1557, which contains the lowest number of known type III effectors to date and has also acquired genes similar to sequences encoding syringomycin pathways from other strains. We demonstrate that this strain is pathogenic on Nicotiana benthamiana and that both the type III secretion system and a new type III effector family, hopBJ1, contribute to virulence. We further demonstrate that virulence activity of HopBJ1 is dependent on similar catalytic sites as the E. coli CNF1 toxin. Taken together, our results provide additional support for a negative correlation between type III effector repertoires and the potential to produce syringomycin-like toxins while also highlighting how genomic synteny and bioinformatics can be used to identify and characterize novel virulence proteins.
Gas-hydrate Concentration And Uncertainty Estimation From Electrical Resistivity Logs: Examples From Green Canyon, Gulf of Mexico

Many gas-hydrate systems from deepwater, nearseafloor strata in the Gulf of Mexico have limited availability of data because the targeted logging intervals from these regions are deep reservoirs. The usual well-log information acquired over the gas-hydrate stability zone is restricted to gamma-ray and resistivity logs. Also sparse geotechnical data are available. Therefore, in estimating gas-hydrate concentration in these environments we should take into account the inherent uncertainty associated with our predictions.
Simultaneous PLIF and schlieren imaging of hypersonic reactive flows around blunted cylinders

Simultaneous OH PLIF and schlieren imaging experiments of hypersonic reactive flow fields around spherical-nosed and flat-faced cylinders, 19 and 25 mm in diameter, have been performed. Methaneand ethylene-based fuel-oxidizer mixtures were used at two different freestream conditions. Three different combustion modes were observed as flow velocity was varied relative to the Chapman-Jouget speed, consistent with previous work. In the unsteady modes, the frequency of the disturbances varied between 50 and 55 kHz for the regular regime, and 16 to 25 kHz for the large-disturbance regime. The period of oscillations was observed to vary inversely with the induction time of the mixture at the postshock condition. (Author)
Augmentation of carcinoembryonic antigen release from intact, viable tumor cells by a factor in human serum.

Background: Measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in human serum is frequently used to detect tumor recurrence in patients with resected primary colorectal cancers. These levels are highly variable from patient to patient, and the mechanism that determines these levels is still poorly understood.
An Investigation of the Cathode Fall

Spectroscopic diagnostics are used to map key parameters of the cathode fall of a He glow discharge. Optogalvanic spectroscopy on Rydberg atoms is used to perform spatially resolved electric field measurements. The resulting E/N maps provide the ion and electron current densities, which are used to determine the local ionization rates. Local excitation rates are mapped by observing the spectral emission from the discharge. Optogalvanic spectroscopy is also used to observe electron avalanches starting from a well defined position in the cathode fall. These detailed experimental maps will be essential in studies of the nonhydrodynamic electron distribution function. Various theoretical models of the cathode fall will be compared to the experimental results.
Pago Por Tercero En Las Pensiones Alimentarias: Evaluación Crítica De Su Posible Adopción En El Nuevo Código Civil De Puerto Rico (Child Support Payments Made by Third Parties: An Analysis on its Possible Incorporation to the Civil Code of Puerto Rico)

The lack of compliance with child support payments by the non-custodial parent is a serious problem in Puerto Rico whose consequences and causes extend beyond economical and legal analysis. This article examines this social phenomenon and attempt to describe the social conditions that surrounds it. It also assesses the responses that the Puerto Rican government and other legal communities have given to the issue. After careful examination of the problem and the attempts to resolve it, the article argues that the solution to the problem lies in abandoning the judicial approach which focuses on the idea of identifying the rights of minors to share the wealth and income of their non-custodial parent and adopting a social policy approach that aims to reduce child poverty, promote parental responsibility and eradicate gender inequalities.
Altered LV inotropic reserve and mechanoenergetics early in the development of heart failure.

To test the hypothesis that alterations in left ventricular (LV) mechanoenergetics and the LV inotropic response to afterload manifest early in the evolution of heart failure, we examined six anesthetized dogs instrumented with LV micromanometers, piezoelectric crystals, and coronary sinus catheters before and after 24 h of rapid ventricular pacing (RVP). After autonomic blockade, the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR), myocardial O2 consumption (MV˙o 2), and LV pressure-volume area (PVA) were defined at several different afterloads produced by graded infusions of phenylephrine. Short-term RVP resulted in reduced preload with proportionate reductions in stroke work and the maximum first derivative of LV pressure but with no significant reduction in baseline LV contractile state. In response to increased afterload, the baseline ESPVR shifted to the left with maintained end-systolic elastance (E es). In contrast, after short-term RVP, in response to comparable increases in afterload, the ESPVR di...
Preparation and Crystallization of RNA

The field of RNA structure has exploded in recent years, in part owing to advances in crystallography of RNA molecules. This phenomenon can largely be attributed to the development of three modern methods: (1) large-scale in vitro RNA synthesis, (2) cryocrystallography, and (3) high-intensity synchrotron beamlines. Milligram quantities of RNA can be routinely synthesized using either chemical or enzymatic syntheses, making it feasible to carry out routine crystallization experiments on RNA. This has allowed crystals of RNA to be readily obtained. Generally, RNA crystals tend to be susceptible to radiation damage and to diffract X-rays more weakly than their protein counterparts. However, cryocrystallography and the high-intensity X-ray sources have overcome many of the difficulties involved in solving crystal structures of RNA. As a result of these advances, we now have a database of RNA structures that span from simple duplexes and hairpins to complex ribozymes and ribosomes. The protocols presented here describe methods to synthesize, purify, crystallize, and derivatize RNA for use in crystallographic studies.
Ring Badge Position for Nuclear Medicine Technologists

Objective: The authors wish to provide limited data on the differences in exposure to the anterior and posterior sides of the fingers of nuclear medicine technologists during the performance of typical clinical nuclear medicine activities. Methods: For a 16-month period, two ring badges were worn on the dominant hand with the sensitive portion turned in opposite directions so that radiation exposure could be monitored to both the anterior (palmar) and the posterior sides of the finger. Results: The accumulated data, although limited, indicate that there is equal or greater exposure to the posterior side of the finger in routine clinical nuclear medicine practice. Conclusion: Since there were no previously published data and our limited information suggests equal or greater exposure to the posterior side of the finger, additional studies should be performed to measure exposure to the hands. This would also provide data to evaluate the appropriateness of current radiation safety practices and regulatory interpretations.
Facing the Past: Spectral Apostasies

On 2 December 1816, an enormous, unruly crowd gathered at Spa Fields to hear Henry ‘Orator’ Hunt report on the Prince Regent’s refusal to receive the most recent petition for tax relief and political reform. This second Spa Fields meeting of 1816, the largest, most volatile Radical demonstration in London since 1795, effectively deteriorated when a cadre of ultra-jacobinical Spenceans (one Preston, as well as a Dr. Watson and his son, Watson Junior), having goaded part of the crowd into action, led them away to pillage several gunsmiths’ shops and march fully armed into the City with the intention of seizing the armory at the Tower. In its coverage of the disturbance, the ministerial Courier reported that the younger Watson, flourishing his tricolor cockade, spurred the crowd on by comparing their cause to that of Wat Tyler, a fourteenth-century blacksmith who led an abortive Peasants’ revolt against Richard II to protest similarly unjust taxation during yet another war with France.
Control Indicators for the Examination of Pork for Trichinella spiralis by the Acid-Pepsin Digestion Method.

Artificial digestion using an acidified pepsin solution is one of several methods of examination of meat for the presence of Trichinella spiralis larvae. Indicator devices, which serve as visible ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ Controls, have been developed for use in this digestion method. The indicators are color-coded, red and blue, modified-collagen membranes. One each of the red and blue colored membranes are added to the solution along with the sample. The digestion of the blue indicator and the retention of the red indicator are established as criteria that the process is within acceptable limits.
Evanescent-mode cavity-based frequency synthesizer

In this paper, an evanescent-mode (EVA) cavity-based frequency synthesizer is developed, implemented, and experimentally validated. The oscillator is integrated on the same substrate of a high-Q (Q u ≥ 400) EVA resonator board to reduce parasitics in the circuit. A piezoelectric actuator is used as a tuner. A phase-locked loop (PLL) is used to control the output frequency. The frequency tuning range is 610 MHz to 950 MHz (1:1.55). The circuit also achieves a phase noise as low as −104 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset, −144 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and − 150 dBc/Hz as a noise floor. The RMS jitter of the system is 3 ps, and the peak-to-peak jitter is 13 ps at 700 MHz. The frequency synthesizer consumes 340 mW.
Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers and Risk Factor Knowledge Among Uninsured Women.

A steady decline in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the United States has been attributed to increased uptake of cervical cancer screening tests such as Papanicolau (Pap) tests. However, disparities in Pap test compliance exist, and may be due in part to perceived barriers or lack of knowledge about risk factors for cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess correlates of cervical cancer risk factor knowledge and examine socio-demographic predictors of self-reported barriers to screening among a group of low-income uninsured women. Survey and procedure data from 433 women, who received grant-funded cervical cancer screenings over a span of 33 months, were examined for this project. Data included demographics, knowledge of risk factors, and agreement on potential barriers to screening. Descriptive analysis showed significant correlation between educational attainment and knowledge of risk factors (r = 0.1381, P < 0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed that compared to Whites, Hispanics had increased odds of identifying fear of finding cancer (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.00–2.43), language barriers (OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.62–8.50), and male physicians (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.32–3.55) as barriers. Hispanics (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.16–3.44) and Blacks (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.15–3.68) had a two-fold increase in odds of agreeing that lack of knowledge was a barrier. Identified barriers varied with age, marital status and previous screening. Programs aimed at conducting free or subsidized screenings for medically underserved women should include culturally relevant education and patient care in order to reduce barriers and improve screening compliance for safety-net populations.
Introduction to Cancer Cells and Targeting

This chapter gives a brief introduction to the structure of cancer cells and their properties, and how cancer cells differ from normal cells. In order to provide a thorough understanding of how cancer cells are formed, a brief introduction about the different biomolecules present in cells—namely, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids—is described. In cancer cells, it is observed that there are distinct changes in the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, and cytoskeleton, which are the organelles in the cells, and hence the structure and function of these organelles in normal and cancer cells are discussed. The causes of cancer, types of cancer, techniques for selective targeting of cancer, and gene therapy are explained in detail in this chapter.
Highly removable water support for Stereolithography

Abstract Current stereolithography (SL) technology can print there-dimensional (3D) objects with high precision and fast speed. However, for a complex computer-aided design (CAD) model, the fabricated structures have a significant amount of additional support structures that are required in order to ensure the model can be fabricated. However, these support structures may be difficult to remove. Even worse, the removal of the support structures may cause unexpected damage to delicate features and leave undesired surface marks. Although some special materials have been utilized in support structures such as water-soluble materials for the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process and wax for the multi-jet modeling (MJM) process, such support materials have not been available for the SL process. In this paper, a novel SL process using highly removable and widely available water as supports is presented. The process uses solid ice to surround the built parts in the layer-by-layer fabrication process. A cooling device is used to freeze the water into ice for each layer. The photocurable resin is spread on ice surface and then solidified by a projection image. Accordingly, a complex 3D object can be fabricated without using traditional support structures. After the fabrication process, the additional ice structure can easily be removed leaving no undesired marks on the bottom surfaces. Two test cases are presented to show the effectiveness of the presented highly removable water support method.
Conversion and Validation of Distribution System Model from a QSTS-Based Tool to a Real-Time Dynamic Phasor Simulator

A software process is developed to convert distribution network models from a quasi-static time-series tool (OpenDSS) to a real-time dynamic phasor simulator (ePHASORSIM). The description of this process in this paper would be helpful for researchers who intend to perform similar conversions. The converter could be utilized directly by users of real-time simulators who intend to perform software-in-the-loop or hardware-in-the-loop tests on large distribution test feeders for a range of use cases, including testing functions of advanced distribution management systems against a simulated distribution system. In the future, the developers intend to release the conversion tool as open source to enable use by others.
On Behaviorism and Private Events

Radical behaviorism may be distinguished from other varieties of behaviorism, notably methodological behaviorism, by the way that it accommodates private events, where a private event is understood as (a) a verbal report of an internal sensation or (b) the influence of such phenomena as thinking, consciousness, and the like. Verbal reports of internal sensations are established by the verbal community, which solves the problem of privacy inherent in such cases by administering differential reinforcement based on public features associated with the private stimuli. Such phenomena as thinking may be understood as private or covert behavior, not essentially different from public behavior although executed at a reduced level. The behavioristic position on private events does not constitute a new solution to the mind-body problem, nor does it equate private events with observation of physiological brain states, nor is it another form of conventional operationism, largely because of the mentalistic if not outright dualistic features of the other views.
The "Complex Restrictive" Pulmonary Function Pattern: Clinical and Radiologic Analysis of a Common but Previously Undescribed Restrictive Pattern.

Background Most patients with restriction have a pulmonary function test (PFT) pattern in which total lung capacity (TLC), FVC, and FEV 1 are reduced to a similar degree. This pattern is called "simple restriction" (SR). In contrast, we commonly observe a pattern in which FVC percent predicted ( pp ) is disproportionately reduced relative to TLC pp . This pattern is termed "complex restriction" (CR), and we attempted to characterize its clinical, radiologic, and physiologic features. Methods This study reviewed PFT results of patients tested between November 2009 and June 2013 who had restriction (TLC less than the lower limit of normal). SR was defined as TLC pp -FVC pp ≤ 10%, and CR was stratified into four classes based on TLC pp -FVC pp discrepancy: Class 1 CR, TLC pp -FVC pp > 10% and ≤ 15%; Class 2 CR, TLC pp -FVC pp > 15% and ≤20%; Class 3 CR, TLC pp -FVC pp > 20% and ≤ 25%; and Class 4 CR, TLC pp -FVC pp > 25%. The medical records of 150 randomly selected patients with SR and 50 patients from each CR class were reviewed. Results Of 39,277 PFTs completed, we identified 4,532 patients (11.5%) with restriction: 2,407 (6.1%) with SR, 1,614 (4.1%) with CR, and 511 (1.3%) with a mixed pattern. Patients with CR were younger, were more often women, and had a higher prevalence of neuromuscular disease, BMI > 40 kg/m 2 or 2 , diaphragmatic dysfunction, bronchiectasis, CT mosaic attenuation, and pulmonary hypertension ( P P Conclusions CR is a common PFT pattern with distinct clinical features. The associated clinical entities share impaired lung emptying (eg, neuromuscular disease, occult obstruction, chest wall limitation). Clinicians should be aware of this novel PFT pattern and how it shapes the differential diagnosis.
How do distributed design organizations act together to create a meaningful design

This paper describes the results of a longer-term research project that looked at CAAD as an enabler of completely new collaborative processes rather than as a support for existing collaborative processes. In order to question existing design processes and invent new collaborative processes systematically, we applied a process modeling methodology that employed recent developments in coordination theory. The methodology contained four steps: (1) Decomposition, (2) Dependency Analysis, (3) Process Substitution, and (4) Recomposition. In this paper, we describe how this approach was used to redesign a sample collaborative design process in building design, and present the resulting process coordination model. We describe the implications of this model for the development of collaborative environments, and illustrate its practical application in a case study. We conclude by reiterating the contributions made.
Simultaneous estimation of discrete outcome and continuous dependent variable equations: A bivariate random effects modeling approach with unrestricted instruments

Abstract This paper proposes a novel methodology to simultaneously model discrete outcome (binary) and continuous dependent variables. The proposed modeling framework addresses unobserved heterogeneity by accounting for both panel effects, and for contemporaneous (cross-equation) error correlation between the two dependent variables; while, variable endogeneity is addressed through the use of unrestricted – equation specific – instruments. To illustrate the applicability of the bivariate modeling framework, SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) data are used to empirically investigate the driving behavior preceding pedestrian crosswalks, in terms of brake application (binary dependent variable, binary probit specified) and speed change (continuous dependent variable, linear regression specified), simultaneously. The bivariate model is counter-imposed against its univariate binary probit and linear regression counterparts. The results of the comparative assessment demonstrate the statistical superiority of the proposed bivariate modeling approach – in terms of explanatory power, statistical fit, and forecasting accuracy – and its potential in modeling multivariate mixed dependent variables.
Characterization of (2R,4S)- and (2R,4R)-2-Methylfentanyl and their differentiation from cis- and trans-3-Methylfentanyl

Abstract In the United States, the illicit drug market has recently been flooded with fentanyl and fentanyl-related compounds. The ability to easily synthesize fentanyl-related compounds by simply using different precursors has added to the difficulty of forensic analyses. Often, developed methodologies and/or certified reference materials necessary for analyses are not available to forensic laboratories. Recently, a sample of 3-methylfentanyl was tentatively identified at a forensic laboratory. It is possible to have other alkyl substitutions on the piperidine ring in fentanyl; therefore, it was necessary to synthesize 2-methylfentanyl to confirm the alkyl position in the submitted sample. 2R,4R-2-Methylfentanyl and 2R,4S-2-methylfentanyl were synthesized and analyzed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The comparison of the two compounds confirmed the isomers of 2-methylfentanyl can be distinguished from the isomers of 3-methylfentanyl with analytical methodologies typically found in forensic laboratories.
Effect of cutting second-order chordae on in-vivo anterior mitral leaflet compound curvature.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Leaflet curvature determines leaflet stress. In order to assess the influence of second-order chordae (2 degrees CT) on anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL) geometry, AMVL curvature was measured before (Baseline) and after (CUT) cutting the 2 degrees CT. METHODS Miniature radiopaque markers were sutured onto the AMVL in eight sheep: four along the central-meridian from mid-septal annulus to the free-margin; and one each at the 2 degrees CT insertion. Biplane videofluoroscopic data were acquired (open-chest) before and after CUT. Marker-triplet 3-D coordinates were used to calculate radii-of-curvature at LVPmax along the central-meridian (ROCm) and across the AMVL belly (commissure-commissure axis, ROCc-c). RESULTS CUT did not change LVPmax (111 +/- 12 versus 106 +/- 11 mmHg; p = 0.19). At baseline, the AMVL central-meridian had compound curvature: Convex to the left ventricle near the annulus (-ROCm) and concave near the free-margin (+ROCm). After CUT, the AMVL flattened: ROCm increased near the annulus (from -1.37 +/- 0.52 to -12.58 +/- 29.04 cm; p = 0.02), but did not change near the edge. In the commissure-commissure axis, ROCc-c was concave to the left ventricle at baseline and increased after CUT in all eight animals. In five sheep, ROCc-c was increased (from 1.93 +/- 1.01 to 2.80 +/- 1.36 cm; p = 0.03), but in three sheep ROCc-c was increased and inverted (from 3.65 +/- 2.17 to -1.72 +/- 0.53 cm; p = 0.03), becoming convex to the left ventricle. CONCLUSION Compound curvature along the AMVL central-meridian appears to be an intrinsic leaflet property that persists even without support from second-order chordae, whereas concave curvature in the commissure-commissure axis is more dependent on intact second-order chordae. Leaflet compound curvature must be incorporated into future finite element models to characterize leaflet stresses accurately. The importance of second-order chordae in maintaining leaflet shape must be considered during mitral repair. A larger ROC increases leaflet stresses, while reversal of ROC changes tensile stress to compressive stress; this might trigger deleterious leaflet remodeling after chordal cutting.
Reconstruction from Serial Sections

When we study microscopic sections we are usually dealing either with a recurring pattern or with a shape or group of shapes of objects whose outlines modulate through the series. Methods for visualization differ with the two cases. In the first case we use random or systemically spaced samples, in the latter we must build up a picture, mental or actual, of the three-dimensional configuration. Only the latter will be dealt with in this communication.
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE AND SPECTRUM DISORDERS: OVERVIEW AND QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUES

Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the most common of all psychiatric disorders, the diagnosis is frequently overlooked unless specific screening questions are asked by the treating physician. The obsessive thinking and compulsive behaviours that primarily characterize OCD can be found in other obsessive-compulsive "spectrum" disorders as well. These disorders affect a sizable percentage of the U.S. population and have thus become an increasing public health problem. Preliminary results from our comprehensive survey of OCD sufferers found significant impairments in quality of life and substantial costs associated with the morbidity and treatment of OCD. This is of particular interest to the primary care practitioner since these patients often present initially to primary care physicians, and early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can substantially improve outcome.
Binary to decimal, one more time

In [1] Knuth presents an algorithm for converting a binary fraction to a decimal fraction that satisfies certain conditions. Knuth found the algorithm interesting not only because it was short and useful but because he could “see no way to demonstrate its correctness by conventional methods”. He hoped that “others with more experience in formal methods will agree that the algorithm is interesting and will help me figure out what I should have done.”.
A Flying Gripper Based on Cuboid Modular Robots

We present a novel flying modular platform capable of grasping and transporting objects. It is composed of four cooperative identical modules where each is based on a quadrotor within a cuboid frame with a docking mechanism. Pairs of modules are able to fly independently and physically connect by matching their vertical edges forming a hinge. Four one degree of freedom (DOF) connections results in a one DOF four-bar linkage that can be used to grasp external objects. In this paper, we propose a decentralized method that allows the Flying Gripper to control its position, attitude and aperture angle. In our experiments, we tested the hovering performance for different aperture angles and with a grasped object. The performance for a closing and opening motion was also verified.
Abstract TP283: Nationwide Trends of Thirty Day Readmissions : Carotid Versus Vertebral Artery Dissections

Introduction: Carotid and vertebral artery dissection significantly increases risk of ischemic stroke. Due to variability in treatment for stroke prevention and different mechanisms of dissection-r...
Strategic Message Convergence in Communicating Biosecurity: The Case of the 2013 Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Inconsistent, unclear, and inaccurate messages can dissuade audiences from engaging in appropriate crisis response behaviors. Thus, message convergence is both a priority and a persistent challenge...
Deep learning-based automated hot-spot detection and tumor grading in human gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor

Ki-67 index is an important diagnostic factor in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor (GI-NET). The current gold standard for grading GI-NETs involves the visual screening of histopathologically stained tissues, for hot-spots containing high amounts of proliferating tumor cells (stained with Ki-67 antibody). Subsequently, the Ki-67 index, i.e. the percentage of proliferating tumor cells within the hot-spot is manually obtained. To automate this subjective and time consuming process, we have developed an integrated pipeline, termed SKIE (synaptophysin-Ki-67 index estimator), combining double-immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for synaptophysin (stains tumor) and Ki-67, with whole slide image (WSI) analysis. The Ki-67 index for 50 human GI-NET WSIs were estimated by SKIE and compared with three pathologists’ assessment, and the gold standard (exhaustive counting by a fourth pathologist) based on the double-stained image. All four pathologists unanimously graded 38 WSIs, among which, SKIE achieved 94.74% accuracy. One discrepant case was attributed to staining inconsistencies and the other to SKIE selecting a better hot-spot. The remaining 12 WSIs had discrepant grades among pathologists, and hence, the gold standard was chosen for comparison, wherein, 10 WSI grades matched with that of the gold standard, and SKIE assigned a lower and higher grade to two cases. Overall, SKIE agreed with the gold standard with a substantial linear weighted Cohen’s kappa κ = 0.622 with CI [0.286, 0.958]. We further expanded our method to deep-SKIE, wherein, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) was trained and validated using 13,736 hotspot-sized tiles from 40 WSIs, each categorized into one of four classes (background, non-tumor, tumor grade 1, tumor grade 2) by SKIE and tested on 9 WSIs. Deep-SKIE achieved an accuracy of 91.63% with near-perfect agreement (κ = 0.88 with CI [0.87, 0.89]) with the gold standard.
Analysis on viral pathogens in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection from 2014 to 2017 in Shijiazhuang

Objective To investigate the epidemiologic features of respiratory viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in Shijiazhuang. Methods A total of 28 512 cases of hospitalized children with clinical diagnosis of ARTI in Children′ s Hospital of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2017 were recruited into this study. One nasopharyngeal swab was collected from each patient. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect seven kinds of respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) type 1-3, influenza virus type A, B (FluA, FluB) and adenovirus (ADV). Results At least one viral pathogen was identified in each of 9 263 out of 28 512 patients and the overall positive rate was 32.5%. Of 9 263 virus-positive patients, 9 070 (97.9%) had mono-infection. The most frequently detected virus was RSV, followed by PIV-3 and FluA. The positive rates of RSV and PIV-1 showed annually decreasing tendency, meanwhile the positive rate of FluA increased in the nearly two years. The detection rate of ADV and PIV-1 increased every other year. There was a significant difference in the positive rate among different years (P<0.05). The overall positive rate decreased along with the age increased (linear by linear association χ2=1191.289, P<0.05). The detection rates of RSV and PIV-3 were the highest in groups of <1 year old and 1-3 years old and decreased along with the age increased. The preschool children were more susceptible to developing FluA, FluB and ADV related diseases. There was a significant difference in the positive rate among different age groups (P<0.05). The viral distribution was uneven in different seasons, and the infection peaked in winter, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The epidemic seasons of RSV and FluA were winter, and FluB infection was epidemic in winter and spring. The positive rates of PIV-1 and PIV-2 were most common in summer and autumn. PIV-3 was usually prevalent in spring and summer and ADV was prevalent sporadically. Conclusions RSV is the most common pathogen in hospitalized children with clinical diagnosis of ARTI during 2014-2017 and the positive rate of which showed an annually decreasing tendency. The positive rate of FluA increased in the nearly two years. Children in infancy are susceptible to the seven common respiratory viruses and winter is the epidemic season for these viruses. Key words: Respiratory tract infection; Virus; Child
Hardware-software co-design for brain-computer interfaces

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer avenues to treat neurological disorders, shed light on brain function, and interface the brain with the digital world. Their wider adoption rests, however, on achieving adequate real-time performance, meeting stringent power constraints, and adhering to FDA-mandated safety requirements for chronic implantation. BCIs have, to date, been designed as custom ASICs for specific diseases or for specific tasks in specific brain regions. General-purpose architectures that can be used to treat multiple diseases and enable various computational tasks are needed for wider BCI adoption, but the conventional wisdom is that such systems cannot meet necessary performance and power constraints. We present HALO (Hardware Architecture for LOw-power BCIs), a general-purpose architecture for implantable BCIs. HALO enables tasks such as treatment of disorders (e.g., epilepsy, movement disorders), and records/processes data for studies that advance our understanding of the brain. We use electrophysiological data from the motor cortex of a non-human primate to determine how to decompose HALO's computational capabilities into hardware building blocks. We simplify, prune, and share these building blocks to judiciously use available hardware resources while enabling many modes of brain-computer interaction. The result is a configurable heterogeneous array of hardware processing elements (PEs). The PEs are configured by a low-power RISC-V micro-controller into signal processing pipelines that meet the target performance and power constraints necessary to deploy HALO widely and safely.
Multiscale study of CO2 impact on fluid transport and carbonate dissolution in Utica and Eagle Ford shale

Abstract In this work, we study the impact of CO 2 on carbonate-rich Utica and Eagle Ford shale with respect to mineralogical alteration, fluid transport, and enhanced oil recovery. The study encompasses diagnostic tools that include Computed Tomography (CT), pulse decay techniques for core or centimeter scale investigations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and μ -CT for micro-scale evaluations. The core-scale findings did not show any significant contributions to matrix flow or oil recovery in the presence of the water saturated (wet) sc-CO 2 or carbonated water. Computed Tomography was able to capture aperture reduction during pure carbonated water injection. This effect is likely a result of matrix softening near the fracture surface and reduction in aperture due to effective stress. These results made it apparent that finer diagnostics such as SEM and μ -CT are essential in capturing any interaction between the CO 2 -water fluids and the carbonate-rich shale. The micron scale investigations showed that indeed carbonated water dissolves calcite but not dolomite over the time scale of observations; however, the depth of dissolution was limited to 100’s of microns. Additionally, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and μ -CT images reveal that the water moisture residing in the wet sc-CO 2 phase does not cause any measurable carbonate dissolution in rocks in contact with that phase. Finally, our analysis proves that the gold-coating used in sample preparation for SEM imaging does not affect the outcome of dissolution observed in our experiments.
Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Identification in Infected Foot Ulcers:

Background:Accurate identification of primary pathogens in foot infections remains challenging due to the diverse microbiome. Conventional culture may show false-positive or false-negative growth, ...
Characterization of Aliased Noise in the Advanced ACTPol Receiver

Advanced ACTPol is the second-generation polarization-sensitive upgrade to the $$6\, {\mathrm{m}}$$ aperture Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), which increased detector count and frequency coverage compared to the previous ACTPol receiver. Advanced ACTPol utilizes a new two-stage time-division multiplexing readout architecture based on superconducting quantum interference devices to achieve a multiplexing factor as high as 64 (rows), fielding a 2012 detector camera at 150/220 GHz and two 90/150 GHz cameras containing 1716 detectors each. In a time-domain system, aliasing introduces noise to the readout. In this work we present a figure of merit to measure this noise contribution and present measurements of the aliased noise fraction of the Advanced ACTPol receiver as deployed.
Environmental control of lineage plasticity and stem cell memory

Abstract Tissue-resident stem cells (SCs) are critical players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. SCs reside in complex and uniquely anatomically organized microenvironments (SC niches), that carefully control SC lineage outputs depending on localized tissue needs. Upon environmental perturbations and tissue stressors, SCs respond and restore the tissue to homeostasis, as well as protect it from secondary assaults. Critical to this function are two key processes, SC lineage plasticity and SC memory. In this review, we delineate the multifactorial determinants and key principles underlining these two remarkable SC behaviors. Understanding lineage plasticity and SC memory will be critical not only to design new regenerative therapies but also to determine how these processes are altered in a multitude of pathologies such as cancer and chronic tissue damage.
Maximizing the Effective Use of Volunteer, Part-Time, and Hybrid Law Enforcement Personnel into Crime Prevention and Counter-Terrorism Initiatives

Across the last two decades, government and law enforcement administrators have been forced to “do more with less” as the result of dramatic budget restraints and the addition of counter-terrorism and homeland security responsibilities. At the same time, policy makers continue to be pressured to develop mechanisms to enhance community trust, citizen cooperation, and organizational transparency. The incorporation of volunteers into police department operations appears a valid option to improve agency efficacy and efficiency and strengthen partnerships with the community. However, this decision can not be considered lightly, as there may be professional standards, legislation and even union reservation, among other considerations, that could obstruct or thwart the success of these efforts. Experiences and identified challenges, best practices, and recommended guidelines to develop and maintain successful police volunteer programs will be outlined in detail.
Genomic alterations in KMT2 family predict outcome of immune checkpoint therapy in multiple cancers.

Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) can produce durable antitumor responses in various cancer types; however, the responses are not universal, and the predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. Growing evidence points to a link between epigenetic regulation and anti-tumor immunity, while clinical data on the association of genomic alterations in transcriptional dysregulation-related genes and ICT clinical benefit are lacking. Histone–lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) family proteins methylate lysine 4 on the histone H3 tail at important regulatory regions in the genome and thereby impart crucial functions through modulating chromatin structures and DNA accessibility, which is associated with tumorigenesis, mutagenesis, and immune tolerance in various cancers, indicating its possible correlation with the output of immune checkpoint therapy. We hypothesized that genomic mutations in the KMT2 family have the potential to be a novel predictor of immunotherapeutic efficacy. Through integrative cancer genomic analyses of baseline tumor tissues from multiple cohorts involving immunotherapeutic patients, we uncovered a remarkable correlation between KMT2 family mutation and better immune checkpoint therapy responses in multiple patient cohorts. Then, we gathered all the independent ICT-treated datasets as a combination cohort consisted of 418 patients. Significant enrichment of KMT2 family genomic alterations in responding tumors was observed (odds ratio = 2.60, P value = 1.67e−04). This work distinguished the mutations in the KMT2 family as a potential predictor of favorable ICT response in multiple cancers, highlighting the importance of genomic profiling in immunotherapy.
Implications of Electronic Consultations for Clinician Communication and Relationships: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND Strong relationships and effective communication between clinicians support care coordination and contribute to care quality. As a new mechanism of clinician communication, electronic consultations (e-consults) may have downstream effects on care provision and coordination. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to understand primary care providers' and specialists' perspectives on how e-consults affect communication and relationships between clinicians. RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative study using thematic analysis of semistructured interviews. SUBJECTS Six of 8 sites in the VISN 1 (Veterans Integrated Service Network) in New England were chosen, based on variation in organization and received e-consult volume. Seventy-three respondents, including 60 clinicians in primary care and 3 high-volume specialties (cardiology, pulmonology, and neurology) and 13 clinical leaders at the site and VISN level, were recruited. MEASURES Participants' perspectives on the role and impact of e-consults on communication and relationships between clinicians. RESULTS Clinicians identified 3 types of e-consults' social affordances: (1) e-consults were praised for allowing specialist advice to be more grounded in patient data and well-documented, but concerns about potential legal liability and increased transparency of communication to patients and others were also noted; (2) e-consults were perceived as an imperfect modality for iterative communication, especially for complex conversations requiring shared deliberation; (3) e-consults were understood as a factor influencing clinician relationships, but clinicians disagreed on whether e-consults promote or undermine relationship building. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians have diverse concerns about the implications of e-consults for communication and relationships. Our findings may inform efforts to expand and improve the use of e-consults in diverse health care settings.
Covid-19 Re-infection vs Prolonged Viral Shedding

Since December 2019, COVID 19 pandemic has devastated communities across the world. As number of patients recovered from COVID 19 continue to rise, question of acquired immunity versus chances of re-infection becomes critical to understand the future spread of infection. Here, we present a case of a patient previously recovered from COVID-19, develops new symptoms concerning for possible re-infection with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after few months of initial infection.
Educational Outcomes Of Gender-Diverse Youth: A National Population-Based Study:

Despite the growing population of youth identifying with a transgender or nonbinary gender identity, research on gender-diverse individuals’ educational outcomes is limited. This study takes advant...
Self- and Official Report of Name Variation Among Male Offenders

The author studied one hundred incarcerated adult male felons referred consecutively for psychiatric evaluation, asking each if he had ever changed his name. He then compared each offender's self-report with official institutional records for the presence of recorded name variations. Fifteen men admitted to having changed their names, while twenty three had officially recorded name variations. These groups appeared to overlap to some extent and had no statistically significant differences among a range of descriptive variables. However, they had what seemed to have been a different pattern of changing their names. The author concludes that these different methods for identifying name changes among criminals may look at alias use from different perspectives and should be used to complement one another.
Ecological Heterogeneity in Urban Ecosystems: Reconceptualized Land Cover Models as a Bridge to Urban Design

Urban systems are heterogeneous due to a combination of natural and engineered landscape elements, and socio-cultural characteristics and behaviors of individuals and institutions. This chapter aims to address the question: how can an understanding of spatial heterogeneity serve as a bridge connecting ecology and urban design? We discuss the fundamentals of heterogeneity from ecological science and key insights that have emerged from a 10 year collaboration between the ecologists, the architect, and the landscape architect who are its authors. The heterogeneity of an urban system is often depicted using land use/land cover models. These models, however, may be inadequate to capture the heterogeneity that is relevant to ecological processes. We expose the motivations for developing a new land cover model and present that model as an example of a tool to bridge ecology with design. This bridge is still very much under construction and future opportunities for research and application are suggested.
Influencing Parental Health Behavior: Implications of Community Assessments

(1987). Influencing Parental Health Behavior: Implications of Community Assessments. Health Education: Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 68-77.
Computationally-Sound Checkers

We show that CS proofs have important implications for validating one-sided heuristics for NP. Namely, generalizing a prior notion of Blum's, we put forward the notion of a CS checker and show that special-type of CS proofs imply CS checkers for NP-complete languages.
e / 3 Laughlin Quasiparticle Primary-Filling ν = 1 / 3 Interferometer

We report experimental realization of a quasiparticle interferometer where the entire system is in $1/3$ primary fractional quantum Hall state. The interferometer consists of chiral edge channels coupled by quantum-coherent tunneling in two constrictions, thus enclosing an Aharonov-Bohm area. We observe magnetic flux and charge periods $h/e$ and $e/3$, equivalent to the creation of one quasielectron in the island. Quantum theory predicts a $3h/e$ flux period for charge $e/3$, integer statistics particles. Thus, the observed periods demonstrate the anyonic braiding statistics of Laughlin quasiparticles.