cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Female Athletes Remain on Sport’s Periphery:

In this commentary, Karen Crouse, a sports reporter who is the full-time golf writer for the New York Times, reflects on key issues that underlie the Cooky, Messner, and Hextrum article “Women Play...
Selective Heating of Multiple Nanoparticles

A method for heating multiple types of magnetic nanoparticles independently is described. This technique exploits tuning of the size and material dependent properties of magnetic field heating of nanoparticles to allow independent heating by application of the field at different frequencies. Magnetic field heating experiments as a function of field frequency show that there is potential for this technique in vitro.
Handwriting analysis of pre-hospital care reports

Emergency health care facilities lack automated medical form recognition systems necessary for efficient epidemiological and health surveillance analysis. The task is to extract handwritten text from the New York State (NYS) Pre-Hospital Care Report (PCR) and determine its ASCII translation. Our approach hybridizes image processing and semantic lexicon pruning to compensate for the otherwise enormous lexicon size. In this paper we expand on our IEEE CBMS 2001 paper, which provided a conceptual overview, by probing into our recognizer design and performance measurements.
A reversible instruction set architecture and algorithms

We describe a reversible instruction set architecture using recently developed reversible logic design techniques. Such an architecture has the dual advantage of being able to run backwards and of being, in theory, implementable so as to dissipate less than log 2 kT joules per bit operation. We analyze several basic control structures and algorithms on the architecture, showing that, for example, a sorting algorithm need only dissipate O(n log n) bits even though it makes O(n/sup 2/) comparisons. >
A meta-analysis of group treatments for bulimia nervosa

A meta-analysis of group treatments for bulimia was conducted. Forty outcome re ports were coded on treatment, design, and subject variables. Effect sizes represen pre-treatment to post-treatment changes in bulimia symptoms. The weighted aver age effect size for group treatment was +0.75 at post-treatment, suggesting moder ate efficacy. Improvement was typically maintained in studies reporting 1 yea follow-up data. Larger post-treatment effect sizes were associated with more hour of therapy per week and with the addition of other treatment components, such a individual therapy. The implications of the results for future research and clinics endeavors are discussed.
A longitudinal study of oral ulcerative mucositis in bone marrow transplant recipients

Background. Few longitudinal studies have investigated the onset, duration, and resolution of ulcerative mucositis in bone marrow transplant recipients. This study prospectively followed a group of such patients on a daily basis to obtain data on the incidence of ulcerative mucositis, location and duration of lesions, severity with different conditioning regimens, and the relationship of such mucositis to the absolute neutrophil count. Methods. Fifty-nine bone marrow transplant recipients on prophylactic acyclovir were examined daily for 26 days after marrow infusion, and all oral ulcerative lesions were recorded. Resulfs. Oral ulcers occurred in 76.3% of patients, began at a mean of 5 days after marrow infusion (day + 5), and lasted for a median of 6 days. More than 90% of patients showed complete resolution of ulcers on or before day + 15, and all showed resolution when the absolute neutrophil count was > 500 cells/ml. Persistence of ulcers was noticed in patients who had oral graft-versushost disease and in some patients who initially developed more severe ulcerations. Ninety-six percent of ulcers were located on nonkeratinized mucosa. Conclusions. Ulcerative mucositis occurs in about 75% of bone marrow transplant recipients in the absence of herpes simplex virus infection. Most lesions occur on nonkeratinized mucosae which are vulnerable to trauma, especially if such mucosae are rendered atrophic by conditioning regimens. Oral ulcers may persist beyond day + 15 and after recovery of the neutrophil count in patients who initially develop more severe ulcerations or in patients who develop graft-versus-host disease. Cancer 1993: 721612-7.
Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene

We are studying mice that carry a targeted disruption of the gene encoding insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). Transmission of this mutation through the male germline results in heterozygous progeny that are growth deficient. In contrast, when the disrupted gene is transmitted maternally, the heterozygous offspring are phenotypically normal. Therefore, the difference in growth phenotypes depends on the type of gamete contributing the mutated allele. Homozygous mutants are indistinguishable in appearance from growth-deficient heterozygous siblings. Nuclease protection and in situ hybridization analyses of the transcripts from the wild-type and mutated alleles indicate that only the paternal allele is expressed in embryos, while the maternal allele is silent. An exception is the choroid plexus and leptomeninges, where both alleles are transcriptionally active. These results demonstrate that IGF-II is indispensable for normal embryonic growth and that the IGF-II gene is subject to tissue-specific parental imprinting.
Fender-Kicker syndrome.

Two patients with metatarsal and phalangeal fractures are reported. The unusual etiology of the fractures was the same in both cases. The condition for which we suggest the title “Fender-Kicker” syndrome, is probably a common though frequently unrecognized entity.
Guided interaction: rethinking the query-result paradigm

Many decades of research, coupled with continuous increases in computing power, have enabled highly efficient execution of queries on large databases. In consequence, for many databases, far more time is spent by users formulating queries than by the system evaluating them. It stands to reason that, looking at the overall query experience we provide users, we should pay attention to how we can assist users in the holistic process of obtaining the information they desire from the database, and not just the constituent activity of efficiently generating a result given a complete precise query.In this paper, we examine the conventional query-result paradigm employed by databases and demonstrate challenges encountered when following this paradigm for an information seeking task. We recognize that the process of query specification itself is a major stumbling block. With current computational abilities, we are at a point where we can make use of the data in the database to aid in this process.To this end, we propose a new paradigm, guided interaction, to solve the noted challenges, by using interaction to guide the user through the query formulation, query execution and result examination processes. The user can be given advance information during query specification that can not only assist in query formulation, but may also lead to abandonment of an unproductive query direction or the satisfaction of information need even before the query specification is complete. There are significant engineering challenges to constructing the system we envision, and the technological building blocks to address these challenges exist today.
A Continuous-Flow Approach to 3,3,3-Trifluoromethylpropenes: Bringing Together Grignard Addition, Peterson Elimination, Inline Extraction, and Solvent Switching

A continuous-flow approach to the synthesis of 3,3,3-trifluoromethylpropenes involving Grignard addition of (trimethylsilyl)methylmagnesium chloride to a trifluoromethyl ketone followed by dehydrative desilylation of the α-trifluoromethyl-β-hydroxysilyl alcohol using trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate is reported. An inline aqueous/organic extraction and a concomitant solvent switch were key to the success of the methodology. Transition from batch to continuous flow conditions allows for higher yields, shorter reaction times, and facile scale out.
Electrochemical Properties of Li ‐ Zn Alloy Electrodes Prepared by Kinetically Controlled Vapor Deposition for Lithium Batteries

A Li-Zn alloy electrode prepared by a kinetically controlled vapor deposition (KCVD) is examined for use as the negative electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries. Results indicate that filamentary or dendritic growth of lithium on a Li-Zn alloy electrode prepared by the KCVD technique are dramatically suppressed due to fast diffusion of lithium in the alloy electrode, suggesting that the Li-Zn prepared by the KCVD method may be used effectively to improve the rechargeability of negative electrodes. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(00)02-103-9. All rights reserved.
Hepatitis-associated Antigen Screening by Automated Complement Fixation: Comparison with Manual Methods

A recently developed, automated, complement fixation method for the detection of hepatitis-associated antigen has been compared with manual methods including complement fixation, immunodiffusion, and counterelectrophoresis. Tests of blood samples from 3,000 blood donors gave 19 positive results with die automated complement fixation test and 15 positive results with the manual microtiter complement fixation method. Of 16 samples which were positive by the complement fixation method, only five were positive by immunodiffusion testing; none of the samples which were negative by the complement fixation method was positive by either the immunodiffusion or the counterelectrophoresis method. The automated complement fixation technic is a practical method for screening blood donors for hepatitis-associated antigen and is as sensitive as the manual complement fixation technic.
Drop-Casted Self-Assembling Graphene Oxide Membranes for Scanning Electron Microscopy on Wet and Dense Gaseous Samples

Graphene oxide sheets dispersed in water and many other solvents can spontaneously assemble into a surface film covering an evaporating droplet due to their amphiphilicity. Thus, graphene oxide membranes with controllable thickness suspended over an orifice have been directly fabricated using a simple drop-cast approach. Mechanical properties and electron transparency tests of these membranes show their use as electron transparent, but molecularly impenetrable, windows for environmental electron microscopy in liquids and dense gaseous media. The foreseeable, broader application of this drop-cast window methodology is the creation of access spots for electron probes to study isolated microsamples in their natural, undisrupted state within the interior of prefabricated devices (such as microfluidic chips or sealed containers of biological, chemically reactive, toxic, or forensic materials).
Jump conditions and boundary conditions for a multi-continuum theory for composite elastic materials

The jump conditions for mass, momentum and energy across a propagating singularity surface are derived for a theory of mixtures developed for application to bonded composite materials. The jump conditions provide equations necessary for the study of shock and acceleration waves, and are also used to deduce the boundary conditions for the theory.
Unique temperature-activated neurons from pit viper thermosensors

Rattlesnakes, copperheads, and other pit vipers have highly sensitive heat detectors known as pit organs, which are used to sense and strike at prey. However, it is not currently known how temperat...
The Cause of Implementing Brothers Succession to the Throne in Shang Dynasty under the Background of Xia Dynasty

Regularly,according to history records the system of Xia dynasty's accession to the throne is Father-Son inheritance,and it is the same on its tribal leaders in pre-Shang times.But after Shang replaced Xia dynasty to rule over the world,it was changed.The system of accession to the throne became Brothers succession.The cause perhaps lied in Xia dynasty's being as the first central family kindom and the complicated situation Shang Tang confronted after his exterminating Xia dynasty.So it is written for searching after the concrete causes of this change and Shang Tang's countermeasures:Brothers succession and polygyny.
Augmenting Chinese hamster genome assembly by identifying regions of high confidence

Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines are the dominant industrial workhorses for therapeutic recombinant protein production. The availability of genome sequence of Chinese hamster and CHO cells will spur further genome and RNA sequencing of producing cell lines. However, the mammalian genomes assembled using shot-gun sequencing data still contain regions of uncertain quality due to assembly errors. Identifying high confidence regions in the assembled genome will facilitate its use for cell engineering and genome engineering. We assembled two independent drafts of Chinese hamster genome by de novo assembly from shotgun sequencing reads and by re-scaffolding and gap-filling the draft genome from NCBI for improved scaffold lengths and gap fractions. We then used the two independent assemblies to identify high confidence regions using two different approaches. First, the two independent assemblies were compared at the sequence level to identify their consensus regions as "high confidence regions" which accounts for at least 78 % of the assembled genome. Further, a genome wide comparison of the Chinese hamster scaffolds with mouse chromosomes revealed scaffolds with large blocks of collinearity, which were also compiled as high-quality scaffolds. Genome scale collinearity was complemented with EST based synteny which also revealed conserved gene order compared to mouse. As cell line sequencing becomes more commonly practiced, the approaches reported here are useful for assessing the quality of assembly and potentially facilitate the engineering of cell lines.
Induced Sputum for the Investigation of Airway Inflammation: Evidence for Its Clinical Application

Airway inflammation is considered to be the primary cause of airway diseases. Its prevention and reversal are the primary aims of treatment. Measurement of the inflammation is now possible relatively noninvasively and reliably by using induced sputum cell counts. The differential count indicates the presence and type of the inflammation (eosinophilic or neutrophilic) and the total cell count the intensity. Sputum eosinophilia responds to treatment with corticosteroid, while there is increasing evidence that an isolated neutrophilia does not. Clinical judgement of airway inflammation is made difficult because of the different types of inflammation and their inconsistent correlation with the clinical features. Hence, reliable measurement of induced sputum cell counts may be useful to guide treatment in clinical practice. Consideration should now be given as to how to make it more available.
Expression of Runx1 Isoforms in Sub-Populations of Human Blood and Bone Marrow Cells.

Runx1 is a pivotal regulator of hematopoiesis. Deficiency of Runx1 leads to complete block of definitive hematopoiesis in mouse embryos. Runx1 protein forms a heterodimer with CBFβ and binds to the specific DNA sequence TGT/cGGT to regulate the expression of a number of hematopoietic genes. Runx 1 has been recognized to have three different isoforms (a, b, and c) due to differential splicing and promoter utilization. The distal (Runx1c) promoter region was shown to have binding sites mediating repression of Runx1 transcription. Data on the pattern of Runx1 isoforms expression in different hematopoietic lineages are scant. The functional impact of different Runx1 isoforms on commitment and differentiation of blood cells is also essentially unknown. To further explore this, we studied Runx1 isoform expression in different subpopulations of human hematopoietic cells. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood and unstimulated bone marrow. Also, Lin-CD34+CD38+, and Lin-CD34+CD38− cell populations were sorted from G-CSF-stimulated bone marrow and total RNA extracted. Expression of Runx1 isoforms was assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis, using GAPDH as a control. All 3 isoforms were present in all studied cell populations. Runx1a was uniformly a minor form with lowest expression. Runx1c isoform was a dominant one in peripheral blood as opposed to Runx1b in bone marrow. Most interestingly, the ratio of Runx1b to other isoforms was significantly increased in Lin-CD34+CD38- subpopulation compared to Lin-CD34+CD38+ cells. The prevalence of Runx1c isoform in peripheral blood as compaired to bone marrow is most likely related to a different cellular composition of these tissues and suggests that Runx 1c isoform may be predominantly expressed in some of the mature cell lineages. Since Lin-CD34+CD38− cells represent most primitive progenitor cell population with multi-lineage repopulating ability, the observed overexpression of Runx1b may be related to transcriptional accessibility of these cells. Upregulation of Runx 1b with G-CSF in this subpopulation can not be ruled out as well. These preliminary data suggest that the expression of Runx1 alternative splicing isoforms is both lineage and differentiation stage-specific in human hematopoietic cells. We will also test whether Runx1 isoform expression has a consistent pattern in different types of leukemia and if it is resembles such of mature blood counterparts or primitive progenitors. These studies, as well as the studies of differential expression of Runx1 isoforms in different mature blood lineages and progenitor cell sub-populations are underway and results will be presented. These data may further shed a light on functional differences in Runx1 isoforms and mechanisms of hematopoiesis.
Data Treasure Hunters: Science Expanding to New Frontiers [In the Spotlight]

Examines ways in which signal processing engineers can benefit from new forms of informatino and data analysis in the era of "Big Data." Science and engineering are rapidly heading toward a major culture change—a change in how we think about data. This change is already happening, and it will be dramatic and exciting! It will completely change how most of us think about data and how we tackle science and engineering problems. With it will come a flood of new discoveries—advances in the sciences and in new technologies—that were never before possible. What is this revolution? How did we get here? Where is it going, and how is signal processing involved? The short answer is that we are entering an era of treasure hunting. Rather than digging through dirt like archaeologists looking for ancient artifacts, the future will involve digging through data. .
Integration and assessment of the situation-background-assessment-recommendation framework into a pharmacotherapy skills laboratory for interprofessional communication and documentation.

Abstract Background and purpose The situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) framework is a commonly used method to structure verbal communication in the nursing and medicine disciplines and increases the effectiveness of interprofessional communication. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe how the SBAR framework is integrated into a pharmacotherapy skills laboratory for interprofessional communication and to report on student agreement of perceived realism, preparedness, and fairness of assessment relating to simulated SBAR activities. Educational activity and setting Simulated, authentic interactions with healthcare providers were incorporated into a pharmacotherapy skills laboratory using the SBAR framework. Activities culminated with a performance-based assessment (PBA) exam which included verbal and written SBAR stations. Students completed a PBA exit survey reporting level of agreement with perceived realism, preparedness, and fairness of assessment related to the exam and answered open-ended questions reporting what they most and least liked. Findings After completion of the PBA exam, students reported they agreed or strongly agreed (78%) the PBA was realistic to practice. Students reported increased agreement they were prepared to verbally communicate recommendations compared to document recommendations in the written SBAR framework (64% and 52% agreed or strongly agreed, respectively). Thematic content analysis revealed students preferred to document in the SBAR format and felt it was more realistic than the subjective-objective-assessment-plan (SOAP) note format. Discussion and summary The SBAR framework is relevant for pharmacist verbal communication and written documentation. Incorporation of the SBAR framework into a skills laboratory appears to prepare students for a PBA that was perceived as both realistic and fair.
Design of an Axisymmetric Afterbody Test Case for CFD Validation

As identified in the CFD Vision 2030 Study commissioned by NASA, validation of advanced RANS models and scale-resolving methods for computing turbulent flow fields must be supported by continuous improvements in fundamental, high-fidelity experiments designed specifically for CFD implementation. In accordance with this effort, the underpinnings of a new test platform referred to herein as the NASA Axisymmetric Afterbody are presented. The devised body-of-revolution is a modular platform consisting of a forebody section and afterbody section, allowing for a range of flow behaviors to be studied on interchangeable afterbody geometries. A body-of-revolution offers advantages in shape definition and fabrication, in avoiding direct contact with wind tunnel sidewalls, and in tail-sting integration to facilitate access to higher Reynolds number tunnels. The current work is focused on validation of smooth-body turbulent flow separation, for which a six-parameter body has been developed. A priori RANS computations are reported for a risk-reduction test configuration in order to demonstrate critical variation among turbulence model results for a given afterbody, ranging from barely-attached to mild separated flow. RANS studies of the effects of forebody nose (with/without) and wind tunnel boundary (slip/no-slip) on the selected afterbody are presented. Representative modeling issues that can be explored with this configuration are the effect of higher Reynolds number on separation behavior, flow physics of the progression from attached to increasingly-separated afterbody flows, and the effect of embedded longitudinal vortices on turbulence structure.
The potential use of transdermal drug delivery for the prophylaxis and management of stroke and coronary artery disease

In 2013, cardiovascular disease was responsible for 30.8% (800,937) of all 2,596,993 deaths, or approximately 1 of every 3 deaths while stroke caused about 1 of every 20 deaths in the United States [1]. To put it in context, about 795,000 people continue to have a new or recurrent stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) [1] in the USA. Mechanical vascular recanalization and thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator are the only clinically useful approaches available now for the management of ischemic stroke [2]. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and/or clopidogrel is also a common practice utilized for the management of stroke, acute myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease [3]. There are two different but closely related approaches to improve therapy- to develop new disease-modifying agents or to find alternative drug administration routes for existing drugs. Transdermal drug delivery leverages the advantages of injections and tablets- painlessness, minimal invasiveness and the avoidance of presystemic metabolism and can potentially be applied to medications used for the prevention and/or management of coronary artery disease and stroke.
Introducing a Standardized Acupuncture Protocol for Peripheral Neuropathy: A Case Series

Background: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is defined as damage to the peripheral nervous system caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction. Multiple recent trials have suggested that acupuncture is beneficial for treating neuropathic pain. One challenge in acupuncture research is the lack of standardization of point selection, number of needles used, needle-retention time, needling depth, amount of needle manipulation, and use of moxibustion and electroacupuncture (EA). Objectives: This article presents a standardized acupuncture protocol for the treatment of PN that incorporates structural acupuncture principles based on proximity to peripheral nerves and on traditional approaches to the treatment of neuropathic pain. Materials and Methods: Ten consecutive patients diagnosed with large- or small-fiber neuropathy of various etiologies were treated with a standardized protocol, based on anatomical correlations of peripheral nerves and acupuncture points. Manual acupuncture was applied to left LR 4, LU 5; bilateral LI 11, KI 27, ST 36, GB 34, SP 6, SP 9, LI 4, TE 5, and BaFeng (except for the space between the first and second digits of the toes; LR 3 was used for that space). EA was applied to bilateral KI 3-1 and bilateral ST 41-LR 3. Patients underwent at least six acupuncture sessions, although the total number of sessions varied. Outcomes were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and clinical signs and symptoms. Results: All 10 patients indicated improvement on the VAS and in clinical presentation. Conclusions: This standardized protocol appears to be effective for the treatment of neuropathy of various causes, including large- and small-fiber involvement. Further studies with larger sample sizes and randomized comparisons against sham acupuncture and other acupuncture regimens will be helpful to determine if this protocol could be established as a guideline for approaching peripheral neuropathy.
Using machine learning to diagnose Parkinson's disease from voice recordings

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease which cannot be diagnosed through standardized blood tests, so a faster, cheaper diagnostic tool is essential. Using machine learning algorithms to analyze the variations in voice patterns is a novel method of predicting the existence of PD in patients. This paper proposes a predictive model that effectively diagnoses PD with maximum accuracy using a dataset that consists of extrapolated data from voice recordings of Parkinson's patients and unaffected subjects. The results of experimental testing showed that a Boosted Decision Tree, which is an ensemble model made from gradient boosted regression trees, was the best model to use on the data, with an accuracy score of 91–95%. It was also discovered through filter-based feature detection that the strongest weighted features were spreadl, spread2, and PPE, all three nonlinear measures of fundamental frequency variation in the voice recordings. These findings can be applied to PD, other motor disorders, or even vocal biometrics.
Social effects on reference frame selection

The presence of another person in a spatial scene has been shown to induce spontaneous perspective taking. This investigation presents two experiments exploring whether the presence of another person affects reference frame selection when representing object locations in memory. Participants studied objects from one view and later performed judgments of relative direction, which tested retrieval of the remembered layout from several imagined perspectives. Without another person in the scene during learning, participants selected a reference frame aligned with the studied view. The mere presence of the experimenter at a different perspective during learning did not affect reference frame selection. Requiring participants to process object locations from the experimenter’s view during learning led to the selection of a reference frame aligned with the experimenter. However, the same effect also occurred when participants processed object locations from the perspective of a wooden box. In sum, the presence of another person during learning did not affect reference frame selection, and participants adopted a nonegocentric reference frame whether the nonegocentric perspective was occupied by a person or an object.
Inhibition of virulent and hypovirulent Cryphonectria parasitica growth in dual culture by fungi commonly isolated from chestnut blight cankers.

Abstract Chestnut blight cankers, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, are prone to invasion by other microorganisms as the canker ages. This microbial community has the potential to alter canker expansion, which may influence the probability that the canker girdles the infected stem. Hypoviruses infect the pathogen mycelium directly and are known to decrease pathogen virulence (i.e. hypovirulent). These viral infections can slow pathogen growth, decreasing the rate of canker expansion and lowering the probability of girdling. Saprophytic fungi also invade the expanding canker and may antagonize C. parasitica leading to reduced pathogen growth. The combined effects of fungal antagonism and a hypovirulent pathogen could work in combination to reduce the probability of girdling the infected stem. We assessed the ability of different fungal taxa, isolated from low severity cankers, to inhibit the growth of virulent and hypovirulent forms of C. parasitica in dual culture tests on two cultural media. Percent growth inhibition of virulent C. parasitica by potentially antagonistic fungi ranged from 2 % to 34 %, while inhibition of hypovirulent C. parasitica ranged from 18 % to 54 %. Only one isolate, identified as Umbelopsis isabellina (UmbelopsisWS) inhibited the virulent form of the pathogen more than the hypovirulent form. All three Trichoderma isolates caused the greatest growth inhibition of virulent C. parasitica, but they, like all other fungal isolates tested, inhibited the hypovirulent form of the pathogen more than the virulent form. These results suggest that commonly occurring fungi in chestnut blight cankers, including Trichoderma, may inhibit the hypovirulent C. parasitica more than virulent C. parasitica. Thus, the presence of other fungi in cankers may not enhance the effect of hypovirulent C. parasitica to delay cankers from girdling a stem but instead intensify canker development.
The Heisenberg measuring uncertainty in lightweight virtualization testbeds

The need for large-scale experimentation testbeds involving several hundred, or even thousands, of nodes is undeniable. Testbeds including Emulab [10], and Deter [5] are heavily used for both research and application testing. To scale even further and shed some of the limitations that the relative small number of physical nodes impose, researchers have turned to full virtualization [8] and lightweight, container-based virtualization [16, 10]. Virtualization allows running multiple virtual execution environments (VEEs) per physical host. n this paper, we evaluate the use of hundreds of lightweight containers as a testbed to measure the performance of simple applications. We show that, although economically and technically compelling, virtualization has some limitations due the sharing of host resources (CPU, network, memory and disk) among samehost VEEs. Determining the number of VEEs that can be deployed in a physical machine without interfering with the fidelity of the experiment is not a trivial task and it cannot be estimated or computed ahead of time using aggregate utilization of individual resource. Furthermore, monitoring the health of an experiment by measuring the individual resource utilization can affect the behavior of the service under test. Therefore, we observed what we call a "weak" form of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for host resource measurements: increasing the precision and fidelity of the resource measurements can interfere with the behavior of the experiment. We believe that this observation holds in general but it becomes more pronounced when we instantiate hundreds of VEEs due to the necessary context switching.
Oblique Plane Deformities

Angular deformity may occur in any plane. The standard reference planes are the two anatomic planes: coronal (frontal) and sagittal. The standard reference radio-graphs that correspond to these planes are the AP and LAT radiographs, respectively. Uniapical angular deformities for which angulation is seen on both AP and LAT radiographs are often incorrectly referred to as biplanar angular deformities. These biplanar angular deformities are actually uniplanar angular deformities in an oblique plane (between the frontal and sagittal planes) ( Fig.7-1).
Il Bird of Paradise

Jackie Cochran, sempre favorevole al confronto diretto, decise di parlare con Miss Cobb della leadership del programma delle donne astronauta. Lasciati passare alcuni giorni dopo il suo rovente alterco con Mrs Sloan, avvicino Miss Cobb con la mente piu fredda e un approccio adeguatamente educato. Le scrisse, dicendole che le dispiaceva che loro due non avessero “avuto l’occasione di conoscerci meglio” mentre entrambe si trovavano a Dallas. Quindi invito la collega al Cochran- Odlum Ranch di Indio, California, il primo di numerosi inviti per delle conversazioni sul proprio territorio. Un invito a Indio era piu di una semplice proposta per un fine settimana tra amici. Era un’immersione integrale nel potere e nell’influsso di Jackie. I novecento acri di ranch erano opulenti: rigogliosi pompelmi, mandarini e palme da dattero, un campo da golf, una scuderia, una piscina riscaldata, e svariati cottage per gli ospiti. All’interno della residenza principale c’era una magnifica sala da pranzo ampia come un salone da ballo dove generali, presidenti, stelle del cinema e ricchi magnati si attardavano in cocktail e lunghe cene. Durante le sue visite al ranch, l’omonima figlioccia di Mrs Cochran, Jackie Lovelace, era solita sgattaiolare via con le sorelle per recarsi nel bagno privato della padrona di casa cosI da poter ammirare l’imponente scultura in cristallo di Lalique che aveva trasformato una stanza di servizio in una galleria d’arte [1].
Errors in Wind Measurements Associated with Tower-Mounted Anemometers

Towers distort the wind flow and thereby may produce errors in wind speed and direction measurements obtained by anemometers mounted on them. To study this effect, a comparison was made of 5000 hou...
Socio-economic impacts of flooding: A review of the empirical literature

Abstract Costs of extreme flooding events continue to rise dramatically around the world. Effective mitigation of flood risks requires a comprehensive understanding of disaster impacts on society. This paper reviews the empirical literature in the fields of economics and civil engineering on the socio-economic costs of floods and other hydro-meteorological disasters. This review addresses ways to reconcile terminology differences across fields and provides an overview of state-of-the-art estimation methodologies, global datasets, and key knowledge gaps. Frequently, the evaluation of flood impacts is limited to property and infrastructure damage. What is lost in these analyses is the wide variety of social and business impacts also borne by communities. Full impacts of floods and related disasters also include health, interruption of public services, and foregone production. Overall, this review draws attention to flood costs that have not conventionally been incorporated into disaster risk analysis, and that could enhance decision-making, such as via modeling of potential future damages.
The effects of Pavlovian cue extinction and ceftriaxone on cocaine relapse after abstinence.

Abstract Background Cocaine use disorder is a significant public health problem and currently no medications are FDA-approved to reduce cocaine relapse. Drug-associated cues are reported to elicit craving and cocaine-seeking in humans. Repeated, non-reinforced presentations of drug-associated cues (cue extinction) have been proposed to reduce the ability of such cues to prompt drug-seeking. In rodent models of cocaine relapse, cue extinction reduces cocaine relapse when such extinction occurs in the same context as cocaine self-administration, which is not akin to the manner in which treatment would occur in humans. Here we sought to determine whether cue extinction outside of the cocaine self-administration context would reduce relapse in the drug context. We also hypothesized that ceftriaxone, an antibiotic consistently shown to attenuate cocaine relapse in rats, would enhance the relapse-preventing effects of cue extinction. Methods Rats self-administered intravenous cocaine for 12 days followed by 20–21 days of abstinence. Immediately preceding the relapse test, rats either underwent 6 single daily cue extinction sessions (1 h/day) outside the self-administration context or no extinction with daily handling. Rats also received vehicle or ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg IP) on those six days. Results Ceftriaxone attenuated cued relapse relative to vehicle-treated rats, but there was no additive effect of cue extinction on cocaine-seeking. Cue extinction alone did not attenuate relapse. Conclusions Thus, in agreement with work in humans, when cue extinction is conducted outside the drug-associated context it does not reduce the risk of relapse alone. Ceftriaxone remains a strong possibility for medication to reduce cocaine relapse in humans.
A Framework for Distributed Approximation of Moments with Higher-Order Derivatives Through Automatic Differentiation

We present a framework for the distributed approximation of moments, enabling the evaluation of the uncertainty in a dynamical system. The first and second moment, mean, and variance are computed with up to third-order Taylor series expansion. The required derivatives for the expansion are generated automatically by automatic differentiation and propagated through an implicit time stepper. The computational kernels are the accumulation of the derivatives (Jacobian, Hessian, tensor) and the covariance matrix. We apply distributed parallelism to the Hessian or third-order tensor, and the user merely has to provide a function for the differential equation, thus achieving similar ease of use as Monte Carlo-based methods. We demonstrate our approach using with benchmarks on Theta, a KNL-based system at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility.
Treating infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome: an examination of three protocols

Describe the characteristics of infants with NAS and determine if treatment outcomes varied between three protocols. Based on medical record data, infant treatment for NAS-related withdrawal reflected one of three protocols: (1) No rescue dose (n = 836, 52.7%): Prescriber ordered initiation and escalation doses and determined when infants were eligible for weaning, (2) Rescue dose (n = 233, 14.7%): No rescue dose with the addition of a prescriber-ordered rescue dose, (3) Rescue dose by order set (n = 516, 32.6%): Rescue dose with addition of nurse-assisted order of morphine during escalation. The no rescue dose group had longer length of stay, days to wean, and inpatient days, and greater initial morphine dose than the two rescue dose groups (p < 0.001). Treatment outcomes between the two rescue dose protocols did not differ. The benefits related to rescue dosing further inform the development of a standardized NAS treatment protocol.
Abstract P2033: Rationale For A Novel Approach To Hypertension Treatment Based On Immuno-neutralization Of Angiotensin-(1-12) Catalytic Sites With A Polyclonal Antibody

The biochemical pathways for the formation of biological active angiotensins continues to undergo significant revision with the demonstration of angiotensin-(1-12) as an endogenous substrate formin...
Determination of iodine in adding iodine salt by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Objective:To investigate the level of iodine in adding iodine salt,a method was developed to determine iodine in adding iodine salt by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Methods:After dissolved by 1%NH3·H2O,the samples were directly determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry which uses Xi interface,matrix matching and internal standardization to eliminate non-spectroscopic interference.Results:The detection limit was less than 0.05 mg/kg,the RSD better than 1.5%,recoveries 97.6%~102%.The results of analyzing practical samples were the same as using national standard method and the results of analyzing standard reference materiel were satisfactory.Concluson:This method is simple,sensitive and accurate.
Optimizing the integration of renewable energy - The importance of Speed and Strategy

This paper is an examination of the criteria necessary to optimize the speed of converting the fossil fuel generation profile of a power system to a coordinated set of renewable energy sources with zero emissions. In addition, it provides an overview of the long term impacts that an expedited transition to renewable energy may have on a power system infrastructure without the framework of a strategic plan. The scope of this review is at a global scale, referencing the different experiences from a variety of different countries. The aim is to deduce some of the common elements that may best facilitate the most efficient and appropriate method of bringing on significant volumes of renewable energy to a power system as quickly as possible. It will also look at some of the potential critical process constraints in this fast track implementation plan, and some of the best practices utilized in this global transition to zero emissions.
The Use of Social Media on Board: A Comparison Study Throughout Deck and Engine Cadets of Merchant Marine Academy of Macedonia, Greece

Previous work at the Merchant Marine Academy of Macedonia was carried out regarding the engine cadets that have fulfilled the first on board training voyage. The same survey took place regarding the engine cadets that have fulfilled also the second on board training voyage. In the present paper a merging of the two different surveys is conducted in order to draw a conclusion concerning all the cadets. In the present study an investigation takes place on how Cadets can benefit using Social Media on board during the training voyage and implications are presented.
Using Paradata to Evaluate Youth Participation in a Digital Diary Study

We analyze recruitment, access, and longitudinal response paradata from a yearlong intensive longitudinal study (mDiary) that used a mobile-optimized web app to administer 25 biweekly diaries to yo...
Apixaban-induced cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis

A 68-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and atrial fibrillation presented to the outpatient clinic with bilateral lower extremity rash of 4 days duration. There was no associated pruritus or pain, she had no fevers or chills and her review of systems was
Compton-camera-based SPECT for thyroid cancer imaging

Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine-related cancer and the most common cancer in young women. Currently, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) are used with radioiodine scintigraphy to evaluate patients with thyroid cancer. The gamma camera for SPECT contains a mechanical collimator that greatly compromises dose efficiency and limits diagnostic sensitivity. Fortunately, the Compton camera is emerging as an ideal approach for mapping the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals inside the thyroid. In this preliminary study, based on the state-of-the-art readout chip Timepix3, we investigate the feasibility of using Compton camera for radiotracer SPECT imaging in thyroid cancer. A thyroid phantom is designed to mimic human neck, the mechanism of Compton camera-based event detection is simulated to generate realistic list-mode data, and a weighted back-projection method is developed to reconstruct the original distribution of the emission source. Study results show that the Compton camera can improve the detection efficiency for two or higher orders of magnitude comparing with the conventional gamma cameras. The thyroid gland regions can be reconstructed from the Compton camera measurements in terms of radiotracer distribution. This makes the Compton-camera-based SPECT imaging a promising modality for future clinical applications with significant benefits for dose reduction, scattering artifact reduction, temporal resolution enhancement, scan throughput increment, and others.
Distribution of environmental justice metrics for exposure to CAFOs in North Carolina, USA

Abstract Background Several studies have reported environmental disparities regarding exposure to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Public health implications of environmental justice from the intensive livestock industry are of great concern in North Carolina (NC), USA, a state with a large number and extensive history of CAFOs. Objectives We examined disparities by exposure to CAFOs using several environmental justice metrics and considering potentially vulnerable subpopulations. Methods We obtained data on permitted animal facilities from NC Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Using ZIP code level variables from the 2010 Census, we evaluated environmental disparities by eight environmental justice metrics (i.e., percentage of Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic; percentage living below the poverty level; median household income; percentage with education less than high school diploma; racial residential isolation (RI) for Non-Hispanic Black; and educational residential isolation (ERI) for population without college degree). We applied two approaches to assign CAFOs exposure for each ZIP code: (1) a count method based on the number of CAFOs within ZIP code; and (2) a buffer method based on the area-weighted number of CAFOs using a 15 km buffer. Results Spatial distributions of CAFOs exposure generally showed similar patterns between the two exposure methods. However, some ZIP codes had different estimated CAFOs exposure for the different approaches, with higher exposure when using the buffer method. Our findings indicate that CAFOs are located disproportionately in communities with higher percentage of minorities and in low-income communities. Distributions of environmental justice metrics generally showed similar patterns for both exposure methods, however starker disparities were observed using a buffer method. Conclusions Our findings of the disproportionate location of CAFOs provide evidence of environmental disparities with respect to race and socioeconomic status in NC and have implications for future studies of environmental and health impacts of CAFOs.
Fluid attenuation in non‐contrast‐enhancing tumor (nCET): an MRI Marker for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in Glioblastoma

The WHO 2016 update classifies glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) according to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation status. We aimed to determine MRI-based metrics for predicting IDH mutation in glioblastoma. This retrospective study included glioblastoma cases (n = 199) with known IDH mutation status and pre-operative MRI (T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, contrast-enhanced T1W1 at minimum). Two neuroradiologists determined the following MRI metrics: (1) primary lobe of involvement (frontal or non-frontal); (2) presence/absence of contrast-enhancement; (3) presence/absence of necrosis; (4) presence/absence of fluid attenuation in the non-contrast-enhancing tumor (nCET); (5) maximum width of peritumoral edema (cm); (6) presence/absence of multifocal disease. Inter-reader agreement was determined. After resolving discordant measurements, multivariate association between consensus MRI metrics/patient age and IDH mutation status was determined. Among 199 glioblastomas, 16 were IDH-mutant. Inter-reader agreement was calculated for contrast-enhancement (ĸ = 0.49 [− 0.11–1.00]), necrosis (ĸ = 0.55 [0.34–0.76]), fluid attenuation in nCET (ĸ = 0.83 [0.68–0.99]), multifocal disease (ĸ = 0.55 [0.39–0.70]), and primary lobe (ĸ = 0.85 [0.80–0.91]). Mean difference for peritumoral edema width between readers was 0.3 cm [0.2–0.5], p < 0.001. Multivariate analysis uncovered significant associations between IDH-mutation and fluid attenuation in nCET (OR 82.9 [19.22, ∞], p < 0.001), younger age (OR 0.93 [0.86, 0.98], p = 0.009), frontal lobe location (OR 11.08 [1.14, 352.97], p = 0.037), and less peritumoral edema (OR 0.15 [0, 0.65], p = 0.044). Conventional MRI metrics and patient age predict IDH-mutation status in glioblastoma. Among MRI markers, fluid attenuation in nCET represents a novel marker with high inter-reader agreement that is strongly associated with Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant.