cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food-deprivation-induced changes in sexual behaviour of meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus

Food availability affects the reproductive performance of many animals. However, the majority of knowledge pertaining to food-deprivation-induced behavioural changes stems from a few model species. We investigated the effects of food deprivation on the sexual behaviour of male and female meadow voles using a three-component model that included attractivity, proceptivity and receptivity. In both males and females, proceptivity and receptivity were inhibited by food deprivations that lasted 6 h. Attractivity in females was inhibited after 24 h of food deprivation, whereas attractivity of males did not appear to be affected at any duration of food deprivation tested. Both male and female proceptivity were attenuated by food deprivations of 6 h and longer. Finally, female receptivity was inhibited by food deprivations of 6 h or longer. The data support the metabolic fuels hypothesis in females and partially support the metabolic fuels hypothesis in males. Short-term (6–12 h) and moderate (18–24 h) interruptions in food availability had inhibitory effects on all components of sexual behaviour in female meadow voles but not on proceptivity and receptivity in male meadow voles.
Where were we: communities for sharing space-time trails

We consider trails to be a document type of growing importance, authored in abundance as locative technologies become embedded in mobile devices carried by billions of humans. As these trail documents become annotated by communities of users, the resulting data sets can provide support for a host of services. In this paper we describe our sociotechnical exploration of the devices, scenarios, and end-user interactions that will come into play as these tools become widespread. We couch this work in a discussion of the sociological impact of a shift from hyperlinks to "hyperties" -- links that bridge the gap between computational media and physical world interactions. We describe a prototype hardware device for location and other sensor data capture. This device links to a complementary website for querying, sharing, and distributing the resulting route datasets. The web application allows users to find related community members via shared attributes of their contributed or annotated routes. These attributes may be generated in part by route analysis performed by systems for activity identification and classification.
Correlates of leptin in children with chronic kidney disease.

Objective To investigate the relative associations of renal function, obesity, and inflammation with serum leptin levels in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study design This was a cross-sectional analysis of 317 children from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study, a large cohort of pediatric patients with stage II-IV CKD. Linear regression modeling was used to evaluate the association of serum leptin level with glomerular filtration rate calculated using the plasma iohexol disappearance curve, demographics, body mass index (BMI), and cardiovascular risk factors, including inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and serum lipid levels. Results In univariate analyses, elevated serum leptin level was significantly associated with increased BMI, older age, and female sex ( P P P = .002). Leptin level was not associated with glomerular filtration rate calculated using the plasma iohexol disappearance curve or inflammatory cytokines. In multivariate analysis, BMI, age, female sex, and serum triglyceride levels were significantly associated with serum leptin level. Conclusion Increased leptin production was associated with female sex, older age, and adiposity in children with mild to moderate CKD. Renal function was not associated with serum leptin level, indicating that decreased clearance does not contribute to elevated leptin levels.
A link-indexed statistical traffic prediction approach to improving IEEE 802.11 PSM

IEEE 802.11 power save mode (PSM) is a representative of energy-saving protocols which put wireless network interfaces into sleep during idleness. To save energy, part of the performance of IEEE 802.11 is sacrificed attributed to the wake-up latency thus introduced. This paper proposes a complementary mechanism, called link-indexed statistical traffic predictor (LISP) to improve IEEE 802.11 PSM. LISP employs a simple, light-weight traffic prediction method to speed up the delivery of packets along the end-to-end path. By seeking the inherent correlation between ATIM_ACKs and incoming traffic, nodes en route stay awake in the beacon intervals in which packets are anticipated to arrive. As the result, a ''freeway'' is bridged for packets to rapidly traverse the route. Meanwhile, the number of duty cycles is reduced and more energy is conserved. We have conducted analytical and simulation studies and demonstrated the effectiveness of LISP. The impact of various factors is investigated, including traffic load, number of hops (of routes which connections traverse), ATIM window size and packet size, in both tandem networks and networks of arbitrary topologies.
FoxOs Function Synergistically to Promote Glucose Production

Hepatic glucose production (HGP) plays a vital role in maintaining the supply of glucose to the body, and transcription factor FoxO1 is known to confer hormone responsiveness onto HGP. Mice with a liver-specific FoxO1 deletion (L-FoxO1) show reduced HGP and reduced expression of glucose production genes. To determine the contribution of additional transcription factors to HGP, we created double and triple liver-specific knock-outs lacking FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4 or the related protein FoxA2. We show that, when compared with single knock-out of FoxO1, triple ablation of FoxO genes causes more pronounced fasting hypoglycemia, increased glucose tolerance, and enhanced insulin sensitivity, with decreased plasma insulin levels. In contrast, combined ablation of FoxO1 and FoxA2 phenocopied the single knock-out of FoxO1. These data indicate that FoxOs work in concert to regulate multiple aspects of hepatic glucose metabolism.
On caring and the restoration of social order.

(1978). Communications On Caring And The Restoration Of Social Order. Review of Social Economy: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 197-208.
Cardiovascular and renal toxicity of a nonionic radiographic contrast agent after cardiac catheterization. A prospective trial.

Study objective To determine the incidence of cardiovascular and renal toxicity of a nonionic contrast agent when used for cardiac catheterization, and to assess the value of electrolytes and urinalysis results as predictors of nephropathy induced by a contrast agent. Study design Nonrandomized trial using a criterion standard and a cohort analytic study with a 48-hour follow-up. Setting Referral-based university hospital. Patients Convenience sample of patients having diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Renal function and clinical status were evaluated at baseline in 1,144 patients; at 24 hours in 1,077 (94%); and at 48 hours in 663 (57%). Interventions After patients received saline for hydration, coronary angiography and left ventriculography were done with iopamidol (average dose, 203 +/- 56 cc). Measurements and main results The definite and possible incidence of major acute cardiovascular complications from nonionic contrast media was 0.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The mean serum creatinine level increased 11.5 mumol/L from baseline at 24 hours (P less than 0.0001) and 16.8 mumol/L from baseline at 48 hours (P less than 0.0001). Results in a randomly selected training sample were studied to determine predictors of a rise in serum creatinine of 44.2 mumol/L or more. The baseline serum creatinine level and age were significant predictors of renal injury, but hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, vascular disease, the volume of contrast agent injected or baseline values of urinary variables did not predict nephrotoxicity. In an independent validation sample, only the baseline serum creatinine level was confirmed as a predictor of nephrotoxicity, whereas age was not. A model that predicted contrast-induced nephropathy by the serum creatinine level showed an exponential increase in the risk for nephrotoxicity if the baseline level was 106.1 mumol/L or higher. Conclusions Patients have a small but significant rise in serum creatinine after cardiac catheterization with a nonionic contrast agent. Baseline renal insufficiency is the only confirmed predictor of nonionic contrast-induced nephrotoxicity.
Transition Radiation from Magnetic Monopoles

Transition radiation from Dirac magnetic monopoles is calculated. The image picture is applied and compared with the rigorous solution of Maxwell's equations utilizing the symmetry between magnetic and electronic charges. Possible experimental applications are discussed in searching for monopoles in accelerators and cosmic radiation.
Comparative accuracies of a finger blood pressure monitor and an oscillometric blood pressure monitor.

A noninvasive blood pressure monitor (Finapres) that uses the methodology of Peňaz to continuously display the arterial waveform from the finger has been introduced recently. The Finapres monitor overestimated systolic pressure by 5.8±11.9 mm Hg, while the Dinamap monitor underestimated systolic pressure by −6.9±9.2 mm Hg (P=0.003). Dinamap mean and diastolic pressure biases were less than 2 mm Hg, while the Finapres biases for these variables were significantly greater (7.7±10.0 and 8.2±9.8 mm Hg, respectively). There was no difference in systolic or mean pressure precision between the two devices (approximately 10 mm Hg), but the diastolic precision of the Dinamap unit was superior to that of the Finapres. While in most patients the Finapres monitor provided continuous blood pressure data equivalent to the data from the radial artery, marked bias (>15 mm Hg) was exhibited in 2 patients for all three pressure variables. Despite this bias, blood pressure changes were tracked closely in these 2 patients. We conclude that, in its current form, the Finapres monitor cannot be relied upon independently to accurately measure blood pressure in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Since the Dinamap monitor measures mean pressure reliably and accurately, we suggest that mean blood pressure values between the Finapres and Dinamap monitors be compared to guide one in interpreting Finapres data.
The Dynamics of Interest Representation at the U.S. Supreme Court

How do organized interests respond to their opponents’ advocacy activities in a policy venue? Utilizing data on amicus curiae filings at the U.S. Supreme Court, the author estimates vector error correction and vector autoregression models that allow him test whether interests respond, in a dynamic sense, to the efforts of the “other side.” The author capitalizes on the temporal sequencing of variation in advocacy activity to gain leverage on the causal connection between the behaviors of opposing sets of interests and provides a richer portrait of the dynamics of interest representation in a policy venue. The results reveal that organized interests respond positively to the advocacy activities of their opponents by exhibiting both short-term counteraction and long-term countermobilization, implying that over the long run, interest representation at the Court is responsive and perhaps balanced.
Hilbert's program sixty years later

On June 4, 1925, Hilbert delivered an address to the Westphalian Mathematical Society in Miinster; that was, as a quick calculation will convince you, almost exactly sixty years ago. The address was published in 1926 under the title Uber das Unendliche and is perhaps Hilbert's most comprehensive presentation of his ideas concerning the finitist justification of classical mathematics and the role his proof theory was to play in it. But what has become of the ambitious program for securing all of mathematics, once and for all? What of proof theory, the very subject Hilbert invented to carry out his program? The Hilbertian ambition reached out too far: in its original form, the program was refuted by Godel's Incompleteness Theorems. And even allowing more than finitist means in metamathematics, the Hilbertian expectations for proof theory have not been realized: a constructive consistency proof for second-order arithmetic is still out of reach. (And since that theory provides a formal framework for analysis, it was considered by Hilbert and Bernays as decisive for proof theory.) Nevertheless, remarkable progress has been made. Two separate, but complementary directions of research have led to surprising insights: classical analysis can be formally developed in conservative extensions of elementary number theory; relative consistency proofs can be given by constructive means for impredicative parts of second order arithmetic. The mathematical and metamathematical developments have been accompanied by sustained philosophical reflections on the foundations of mathematics. This indicates briefly the main themes of the contributions to the symposium; in my introductory remarks I want to give a very schematic perspective, that is partly historical and partly systematic.
High-sensitivity blood-based detection of breast cancer by multi photon detection diagnostic proteomics.

We have developed several new methods for blood-based cancer detection by diagnostic proteomics. Ultrasensitive methods of immunoassay using multiphoton-detection (IA/MPD) increase sensitivity by 200- to 1000-fold (1 femtogram/mL). This has allowed the measurement of cancer biomarkers with very low concentrations in blood that could not be measured for full patient cohorts with conventional immunoassays. Sensitivity and specificity in cancer detection have been found to be potentiated by use of immunoassay panels which include tissue-specific cancer biomarkers as well as cytokines and angiogenic factors. The ultrasensitive immunoassays revealed that patient to patient variations in the concentrations of individual biomarkers in blood can extend over many orders of magnitude (up to six) and that the distributions of biomarker concentrations over patient cohorts are non-Gaussian. New methods of data analysis which correlate abundances of multiple, different biomarkers have been developed to deal with such data sets. Sensitivity and specificity of about 95% have been achieved for blood-based detection of breast cancer in pilot studies on 250 patients and 95 controls. Pilot studies indicate that this methodology may also allow differentiation of malignant breast cancer from benign lesions and can provide similar sensitivity and specificity for other epithelial cancers such as prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and melanoma. The methods developed for selection, application, and evaluation of very high sensitivity biomarker panels are expected to have general relevance for diagnostic proteomics.
Positivity for some Satake coefficients

Let G be a general linear group over a local field F. We consider the matrix describing the Satake isomorphism with respect to natural bases. We give a simple proof for the positivity of all matrix coefficients that are not obviously zero. The arguments are elementary and more direct than Rapoport's original proof.
Plant development: local control, global patterning

Several different lines of inquiry have converged on the conclusion that the number and plane of cell divisions is under tight control in plant development. At the same time, there are new data which show that the pattern of cell division is less important in the formation of organ-scale plant patterns than was expected previously. This apparent paradox can be resolved by recognizing the role of cell—cell communication in the control of plant cell-division patterns.
FINE-SCALE PHENOTYPIC CHANGE ACROSS A SPECIES TRANSITION ZONE IN THE GENUS NEOTOMA: DISENTANGLING INDEPENDENT EVOLUTION FROM PHYLOGENETIC HISTORY

Zones of secondary contact between closely related species provide a rare opportunity to examine evidence of evolutionary processes that reinforce species boundaries and/or promote diversification. Here, we report on genetic and morphological variation in two sister species of woodrats, Neotoma fuscipes and N. macrotis, across a 30-km transition zone in the Sierra Nevada of California. We assessed whether these lineages readily hybridize, and whether their morphology suggests ecological interactions favoring phenotypic diversification. We combined measurements of body size and 11 craniodental traits from nine populations with genetic data to examine patterns of variation within and between species. We used phylogenetic autocorrelation methods to estimate the degree to which phenotypic variation in our dataset arose from independent evolution within populations versus phylogenetic history. Although no current sympatry or hybridization was evident, craniodental morphology diverged in both lineages near their distributional limits, whereas body size converged. The shift in craniodental morphology arose independently within populations whereas body size retained a strong phylogenetic signal, yet both patterns are consistent with expectations of phenotypic change based on different models of resource competition. Our findings demonstrate the importance of examining a suite of morphological traits across contact zones to provide a more complete picture of potential ecological interactions: competition may drive both diversification and convergence in different phenotypic traits.
Novel mediators of ischemic preconditioning induced neuroprotection

A brief ischemic episode induces protection against a subsequent severe ischemic insult. This phenomenon, known as ischemic preconditioning (PC) might be mediated by the activation of several genes of the second messenger signalling pathways. A 60-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult, SHR rats results in an infarct encompassing cerebral cortex and striatum by 24 h reperfusion. Present study observed that a 10-min PC, 3 days before the 60 min transient MCAO, results in a 30% reduction in the infarct volume. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the PC induced neuroprotection, we analyzed the mRNA expression profiles of rat cerebral cortex at 6, 24 and 72 h after a 10-min transient MCAO by using Affymetrix GeneChip and real-time PCR. Expression of the members of TGF-β signalling (TGF-β1, p 38 MAP kinase, Smad 1 and Smad 7) is observed to be up-regulated after PC. This pathway plays an essential role in tissue repair and immune homeostasis, but not hitherto implicated in PC induced neuroprotection. TGF-β1 enhances Smad transcriptional activity through activation of P38 gene expression to induce neuroprotection. Consistent with previous studies, expression of several neuroprotective genes including HSP70, HSP27, HO-1, MT-1/MT-2 and IL-6, were also observed to be up-regulated after PC. These studies shows that TGF-β1/p38 MAP-kinase signalling pathway is a promising target for developing drugs to limit ischemic neuronal damage. Acknowledgements: Funded by AHA.
Cytologic and metabolic parameters of pineal inhibition by continuous light in the rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Adult rats (Rattus norvegicus) were subjected to continuous light or control conditions (14 hours light/day) for six weeks or longer, and quantitative cytological and metabolic studies were made of the pineal organs. After 11 weeks of continuous light, the pineal parenchymal cell's largest nucleolar eosinophilic mass is significantly reduced in diameter, especially in the medulla of the organ. Evidence of metabolic inhibition includes reduction of pineal glycogen content, succinic dehydrogenase activity, and respiration in the absence of exogenous substrates. Pineal ATP content, P32-phosphate uptake and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid content did not appear to be affected. Pineal serotonin content and melatonin-forming activity in the continuously lighted animals were measured but could not be interpreted metabolically, due to the diurnal fluctuations of these in control animals. Results provided here and elsewhere suggest that pineal inhibition by continuous light involves primarily the citric acid cycle, the accumulation of metabolites and lipid, and the synthesis of protein.
School Dropout among Youth with and without Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to compare the family background, schooling experiences, and postschool outcomes of youths with LD and peers without LD who all had dropped out of school. A total of 35 youth with learning disabilities (LD) and 60 youth with LD participated in this research. The two groups were comparable on most measures of family background, schooling experiences, and postschool outcomes. These results suggest that, at least in this study, youth with LD and youth without LD who had dropped out of school were reasonably equivalent. Thus, literature and research on school dropouts without LD from general education could have relevance for youth with LD and the way in which secondary special education programs are conducted. These implications are discussed and suggestions for practice are provided.
English Society, 1580-1680

Part One: Enduring Structure 1. Degrees of people 2. Social relations in the local community 3. Family formation 4. Husbands and wives, parents and children Part Two: The Course of Social Change 5. Population and resources 6. Order 7. Learning and godliness
The purification and properties of an aryl β-hexosidase from bovine liver☆

Abstract An aryl β-hexosidase was purified 800-fold from bovine liver. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl glycosylpyranoside derivatives of β- d -galactose, β- d -glucose, β- d -xylose, β- d -mannose, and α- l -arabinose, but did not hydrolyze several other p-nitrophenyl glycosides. The enzyme also catalyzed hydrolysis of a variety of plant arylglucosides. Disaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans containing terminal nonreducing β- d -galactopyranosyl or β- d -glucopyranosyl residues were not hydrolyzed. The pH optima for the several substrates tested ranged from 7.0 to 9.5. The purified enzyme was homogeneous by disc gel electrophoresis and had a molecular weight of 41,000 by Sephadex gel filtration and 46,000 by disc gel electrophoresis performed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme readily transferred glycosyl residues from susceptible β-galactosides or β-glucosides to other sugars; the resulting products were not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Methyl α- d -glucopyranoside was the most efficient carbohydrate acceptor compound tested. The enzyme exhibited a Km for p-nitrophenyl β- d -galactopyranoside of 1.78 × 10−3 m and for p-nitrophenyl β- d -glucopyranoside, 2.50 × 10−3 m when incubations were conducted in the presence of 0.15 m methyl α- d -glucopyranoside. Aryl β-hexosidase was found in the cytosol of all mammalian livers tested, but could not be detected in liver of birds, reptiles, or fish; low levels were detected in frog liver. Analysis of bovine extracts indicated that the enzyme occurred in liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa; it was not detected in testis, spleen, serum, or muscle.
Improving Quality in Flexible Manufacturing Systems: A Systems Approach

Abstract In this paper, a Markov chain model is introduced to study quality in flexible manufacturing systems with batch productions. To improve the quality performance in such systems, we introduce the notions of quality improvability and bottleneck sequence. A flexible system is improvable in terms of quality with respect to sequencing if there exists another sequence which renders better quality. In addition, we define quality bottleneck sequence as the one that impedes the product quality in the strongest manner, i.e., the sequence that leads to the worst quality among all possible sequences. To identify quality improvability and bottleneck sequences, we develop indicators only based on the data available on the factory floor. Numerical experiments show that these indicators provide correct identification in most cases, and can be used for quality improvement effectively. A case study at an automotive paint shop is introduced to illustrate the applicability of the method.
Infants with Down syndrome: a look at temperament.

Abstract Introduction: This research describes temperament characteristics of infants with Down syndrome who are 1 to 4 months old. In the literature children with Down syndrome have been stereotyped. It was hypothesized that temperament characteristics may be evident and unique in newborns with Down syndrome. Method: A standardized questionnaire, The Early Infancy Temperament Questionnaire, a cover letter, informed consent forms, and a brief explanation of the project were given to families with a newborn infant with Down syndrome. Thirty-two families with infants with Down syndrome completed the study. Results: Mean scores indicate that infants with Down syndrome are rated more active, less intense, more distractible, and have a tendency to demonstrate more approach behaviors compared with normally developing infants. Data suggest infants with Down syndrome have some unique characteristics but are more like their normally developing peers than different. Discussion: Integration and main-streaming of infants and children with Down syndrome emphasizes the need for nurse practitioners to appreciate the temperament characteristics of these infants.
Efficient community identification in complex networks

Complex networks are large, dynamic, random graphs modeled to replicate interactions among entities in real-world complex systems (e.g., the Internet, the World Wide Web, online social networks—Facebook, Twitter, etc., and the human connectome). These networks differ from the classical Erdos–Renyi random graphs in terms of network properties such as degree distribution, average distance and clustering. Existence of communities is one such property inherent to complex networks. A community may be defined informally as a locally dense subgraph, of a significant size, in a large globally sparse graph. Such communities are of interest in various disciplines, including graph theory, physics, statistics, sociology, biology, and linguistics. At least two different questions may be posed on the community structure in large networks: (1) given a network, detect or extract all (i.e., sets of nodes that constitute) communities, and (2) given a node in the network, identify the best community that the given node belongs to, if there exists one. Several algorithms have been proposed to solve the former problem, known as community discovery. The latter problem, known as community identification, has also been studied, but to a much smaller extent. Both these problems have been shown to be NP-complete, and a number of approximate algorithms have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, we discuss the various community definitions in the literature and analyze the algorithms for identifying communities. We propose an alternative definition of a community based on the average degree of the induced subgraph. Also, we propose a novel algorithm to identify community in complex networks based on maximizing the average degree.
COAXIAL SCAVENGER FOR PAEDIATRIC ANAESTHESIA

A new scavenging device suitable for the Jackson-Rees modification to the Ayre's T-piece is described. This device maintains the essential components of the modification while effectively scavenging the circuit.
Nipple reconstruction in Asian females using banked cartilage graft and modified top hat flap

Nipple reconstruction is usually the final stage of breast reconstruction and there are over 50 articles that describe different techniques. The majority of methods use local soft tissue as local flaps but they face the disadvantage of reduction in nipple projection after the initial two months. This is particularly troublesome in Asian females who may have wider nipples with prominent projection but small areola surface area. We developed a method to correct this problem using cartilage graft harvested during the initial breast reconstruction operation and banked beneath the skin flap. Using the modified 'top hat' flap, we found that no excess soft tissue is required to compensate for the reduction. We have used this method in 25 cases of nipple reconstruction and have obtained satisfactory result in projection.
Cross-organizational information reuse: a third vision of collaborative memory in the enterprise

Small organizations are facing a knowledge predicament as they operate with increasingly sparse pools of employees that must support a broad range of organizational needs. With reduced human resources comes limited time to devote to ancillary work tasks such as documentation. When no local memory system is available, organizations resort to Internet-based repositories. Though these sources contain nearly limitless information they do so at the cost of rich local context.To bridge the gap between internal and Internet-based memory systems this research explores a third vision; one which establishes virtual partnerships between small organizations. Using ethnographic methods this field study examines the: socio-technical ramifications of cross-organizational information reuse, relevance of information developed by partner organizations, and system tools that support efficient cross-organizational knowledge flow.
Social and Identity Development in an After-School Program: Changing Experiences and Shifting Adolescent Needs

The negotiation of complex social settings and the creation of an integrated identity are major tasks of adolescence. Institutions such as after-school programs can influence social-emotional devel...
Recruitment and Dissociation of Nonhomologous End Joining Proteins at a DNA Double-Strand Break in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is an important DNA double-strand-break (DSB) repair pathway that requires three protein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the Ku heterodimer (Yku70-Yku80), MRX (Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2), and DNA ligase IV (Dnl4-Lif1), as well as the ligase-associated protein Nej1. Here we use chromatin immunoprecipitation from yeast to dissect the recruitment and release of these protein complexes at HO-endonuclease-induced DSBs undergoing productive NHEJ. Results revealed that Ku and MRX assembled at a DSB independently and rapidly after DSB formation. Ligase IV appeared at the DSB later than Ku and MRX and in a strongly Ku-dependent manner. Ligase binding was extensive but slightly delayed in rad50 yeast. Ligase IV binding occurred independently of Nej1, but instead promoted loading of Nej1. Interestingly, dissociation of Ku and ligase from unrepaired DSBs depended on the presence of an intact MRX complex and ATP binding by Rad50, suggesting a possible role of MRX in terminating a NHEJ repair phase. This activity correlated with extended DSB resection, but limited degradation of DSB ends occurred even in MRX mutants with persistently bound Ku. These findings reveal the in vivo assembly of the NHEJ repair complex and shed light on the mechanisms controlling DSB repair pathway utilization.
P1.030 A Molecular Study of Vaginal Bacterial Communities and Candida Albicans Detection

Background Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is commonly diagnosed in STD clinic populations and has been found in longitudinal studies to be associated with increased risk for HIV infection. Many women with recurrent VVC relapse even when on prophylactic therapy and VVC often follows antibiotic treatment. Because the type of vaginal bacterial communities may influence yeast colonisation, we sought to compare the vaginal bacterial communities of Candida albicans -positive and C. albicans -negative women using molecular methods. Methods Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained cross-sectionally from 396 U.S. women equally representing four ethnic/racial groups. Exclusion criteria included self-report of vaginal discharge and pregnancy. Detection of C. albicans was performed using PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Vaginal bacterial composition was characterised by pyrosequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA genes. The bacterial communities were clustered into five community state types (CSTs); four dominated by Lactobacillus species ( L. iners, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. jensenii ), and one lacking significant numbers of lactobacilli and characterised by higher proportions of strictly anaerobic organisms (termed CST-IV). The relationship between CSTs and C. albicans detection was evaluated by logistic regression. Random forest analysis was used to identify bacterial phylotypes associated with the presence/absence of C. albicans . Results 83 women (21%) were C.albicans -positive. Women in the L. crispatus - and L. iners -dominated CSTs were 2-fold more likely to have C. albicans detected compared to women in the relatively low-lactobacillus CST-IV (OR:2.42, 95% CI: 1.21–4.85; OR:1.97, 95% CI: 1.00–3.86, respectively). In random forest analysis, individual genera found highly associated with C. albicans -absence were traditional BV-associated bacteria including Campylobacter , Dialister , Peptoniphilus , Prevotella , and Anaerococcus. Lactobacillus was the primary genera associated with C. albicans -presence. Conclusion Women with a Lactobacillus -dominated microbiota were more likely to be C. albicans -positive. Longitudinal studies of the vaginal microbiome are needed to determine how vaginal bacterial communities interact with Candida spp.
Development of the turbulent near wake of a tapered thick flat plate

The velocity field and turbulence structure in the near wake of a thick flat plate with a tapered trailing-edge geometry are examined using both hydrogen-bubble flow visualization and hot-film anemometry measurements. Tests were conducted for Re 1 = 8.5 × 10 5 in the region 0 x + x + in the near wake, and (ii) the corresponding changes in similar flow characteristics with y + within a turbulent boundary layer. In particular, visualization data in the vicinity of the wake centreline reveal the existence of strong streamwise flow structures in the region close ( x + x + increases. From hot-film measurements, two separate regions along the wake centreline can be distinguished: (i) a linear growth region which extends over 0 + x + ; and (ii) a logarithmic growth region for x + > 270, wherein the centreline velocity varies as log x + . The similarity in behaviour between these regions and the comparable wall region of a turbulent boundary layer suggests the existence of a common functionality. This similarity is demonstrated by a simple linear relationship of the form y + = Kx + , which is shown to approximately collapse the velocity behaviour both across a turbulent boundary layer and along the wake centreline to a unified set of empirical relationships.
NMR reveals novel mechanisms of protein activity regulation

NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools for the characterization of biomolecular systems. A unique aspect of NMR is its capacity to provide an integrated insight into both the structure and intrinsic dynamics of biomolecules. In addition, NMR can provide site-resolved information about the conformation entropy of binding, as well as about energetically excited conformational states. Recent advances have enabled the application of NMR for the characterization of supramolecular systems. A summary of mechanisms underpinning protein activity regulation revealed by the application of NMR spectroscopy in a number of biological systems studied in the lab is provided.
Leadership Preferences: The Influence of Gender and Needs for Connection on Workers' Ideal Preferences for Leadership Behaviors

Executive Summary The roles of age, educational level, work experience, gender and needs for connection in predicting workers' ideal preferences for relational and job-centered leadership behaviors within the workplace were investigated. Most importantly, the role of workers' needs for connections as a mediating variable between gender and their ideal preferences for worker-centered and job centered leadership behaviors was examined. Measures of ideal leadership behavior preferences and needs for connection along with demographic information were completed by 1009 participants from three mid-western organizations. Controlling for organizational variables, regression analyses revealed that age and educational level were negatively correlated with workers' ideal preferences for worker-centered leadership behaviors; age, educational level and work experience were positively correlated with ideal preferences for job-centered leadership behaviors. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that after the effec...
Light shifts of sharp lines in RE-doped solids

Abstract We examine the possibility of observing shifts of the 4f levels of trivalent rare-earth ions in an ionic solid due to a nonresonant electromagnetic field. For the case of Pr-doped LaF3, we show that shifts on the order of tens of MHz can easily be generated, and we propose an experiment to observe them.
Effect of extract from a transplant for eyelid plasty (series ALLOPLANTTM) on DNA synthesis in cultures cells

Extract isolated from a collagen-containing transplant (series ALLOPLANTTM), which is used in the treatment of benign and malignant neoplasms of the eyelid, inhibits DNA synthesis in the cellin vitro. This effect is nonspecific, reversible, and dose-dependent. The extract is thermostable and resistant to proteolytic enzymes.
Effects of GDL Structure with an Efficient Approach to the Management of Liquid water in PEM Fuel Cells

A model fuel cell with a single transparent straight flow channel and segmented anode was constructed to measure the direct correlation of liquid water movement with the local currents along the flow channel. Water drops emerge through the largest pores of the GDL with the size of the droplets that emerge on the surface determined by the size of the pore and its location under the gas flow channel or under the land. Gravity, surface tension, and the shearing force from the gas flow control the movement of liquid in the gas flow channel. By creating a single large diameter pore in the GDL, liquid water flow emergent from the GDL was forced to be in specific locations along the length of the channel and either under the land or under the channel. The effects of gravity were amplified when the large pore was under the channel, but diminished with the large pore under the land. Current fluctuations were minimised when the dominant water transport from the GDL pore was near the cathode outlet. The results show that it is possible to engineer the water distribution in PEM fuel cells by modifying the pore sizes in the GDL.
Cultural evolution and the variable phenotype

It is common in attempts to extend the theory of evolution to culture to generalize from the causal basis of biological evolution, so that evolutionary theory becomes the theory of copying processes. Generalizing from the formal dynamics of evolution allows greater leeway in what kinds of things cultural entities can be, if they are to evolve. By understanding the phenomenon of cultural transmission in terms of coordinated phenotypic variability, we can have a theory of cultural evolution which allows us to avoid the various difficulties with the elaboration of informational entities such as the cultural “replicator”, or meme. Such an account is a boon to the project of evolutionary epistemology since it confirms the presumption in favor of the general adaptiveness of culture, illuminating rather than obscuring the inherent intimacy of our relationship to (e.g.) our ideas.
On the stability of generalized hill's equation with three independent parameters

Abstract This paper presents a stability criterion of a generalized Hill's equation with three independent parameters, examined by means of an asymptotic method. The theory has been applied to a special form of Hill's equation and the region of stability, has been graphically illustrated. The separatrix between bounded and unbounded solutions yields in parametric space the contour of a ‘stabilitatskorper’ in which the solution is always stable.
Marker chromosomes of WEHI-3, a murine myelomonocytic cell line

Abstract WEHI-3 is a murine myelomonocytic cell line adapted to growth in vitro. We have examined the chromosome complement of this cell line and found modal chromosome number of 76–79 with four marker chromosomes which were identified by GTG and C banding.
Social appropriateness and impaired perspective in schizophrenia

Self-ratings and judges' ratings of social appropriateness were obtained based upon videotaped role-enactments of schizophrenics (n = 16), mixed psychiatric controls (n = 16), and normal controls (n = 16) in mock social interactions. Schizophrenics were rated significantly lower on social appropriateness and were judged on semantic differential scales as showing greater deficiencies in social behavior. As predicted, impaired perspective among schizophrenics appeared to be limited to appraisals of self. Schizophrenics, like the comparison groups, were able to discriminate significantly between appropriate and inappropriate behavior of others. But unlike the comparison groups, schizophrenics rated their own behavior significantly higher in social appropriateness than did judges.
High‐resolution electron microscopy of high‐temperature superconductors

We review recent results obtained at Northwestern using high-resolution electron microscopy to study high-temperature superconductors. While in general these materials form large, very perfect single crystal grains which display very few imperfections, there is also evidence of slip defects, amorphous regions, and order-disorder transformations. We also report that the gadolinium-based superconductors and in one case yttrium-based superconductors show evidence for some copper solid solubility in the form of copper-rich planar defects. The structure of a metastable trigonal polytype is also reported, as are the effects of electron beam and water vapor damage to the materials.
Control of Lymphocyte Growth in Response to Phytohemgglutinin Stimulation

Circulating lymphocytes under appropriate stimulation transform into large proliferating blast cells in a predictable fashion. When compared to resting lymphocytes, the proliferating blast cells can be distinguished morphologically by their large size, open, finely textured nuclear chromatin, prominent nucleoli and copious cytoplasm abounding with ribosomes clusters (l). These characteristics reflect heightened metabolic activities such as increased RNA and protein synthesis (2). We have previously demonstrated that phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced enlargement of resting lymphocytes into proliferating blast cells is accompanied by an early increase in the synthesis and utilization of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (3). Presumably this new rRNA provides for the delivery of additional cytoplasmic ribosomes and secondarily increased protein synthesis which ultimately culminates in lymphocyte growth and the morphologic appearance of a blast.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) mimics neuroendocrine and behavioral manifestations of stress: Evidence for PKA-mediated expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene

The physiologic response to stress is highly dependent on the activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons by various neurotransmitters. A particularly rich innervation of hypophysiotropic CRH neurons has been detected by nerve fibers containing the neuropeptide PACAP, a potent activator of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) system. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of PACAP also elevate steady-state CRH mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but it is not known whether PACAP effects can be associated with acute stress responses. Likewise, in cell culture studies, pharmacologic activation of the PKA system has stimulated CRH gene promoter activity through an identified cAMP response element (CRE); however, a direct link between PACAP and CRH promoter activity has not been established. In our present study, icv injection of 150 or 300 pmol PACAP resulted in robust phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB in the majority of PVN CRH neurons at 15 to 30 min post-injection and induced nuclear Fos labeling at 90 min. Simultaneously, plasma corticosterone concentrations were elevated in PACAP-injected animals, and significant increases were observed in face washing, body grooming, rearing and wet-dog shakes behaviors. We investigated the effect of PACAP on human CRH promoter activity in alphaT3-1 cells, a PACAP-receptor expressing cell line. Cells were transiently transfected with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vector containing region - 663/+124 of the human CRH gene promoter then treated for with PACAP (100 nM) or with the adenylate cyclase activating agent, forskolin (2.5 muM). Both PACAP and forskolin significantly increased wild-type hCRH promoter activity relative to vehicle controls. The PACAP response was abolished in the CRE-mutant construct. Pretreatment of transfected cells with the PKA blocker, H-89, completely prevented both PACAP- and forskolin-induced increases in CRH promoter activity. Furthermore, CREB overexpression strongly enhanced PACAP-mediated stimulation of hCRH promoter activity, an effect which was also lost with mutation of the CRE. Thus, we demonstrate that icv PACAP administration to rats under non-stressed handling conditions leads to cellular, hormonal and behavioral responses recapitulating manifestations of the acute stress response. Both in vivo and in vitro data point to the importance of PACAP-mediated activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway for stimulation of CRH gene transcription, likely via the CRE.
The association of Adams-Stokes attacks and Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

Abstract 1. 1. A case is presented of Cheyne-Stokes respiration with directly related Adams-Stokes attacks and in which the basic cardiac rhythm is complete heart block. 2. 2. Previous studies of Cheyne-Stokes associated with Adams-Stokes are reviewed and the two quite different manners by which this association may come about are stressed. 3. 3. The importance of arterial hypoxia superimposed on complete heart block and as a probable cause of periodic breathing is suggested.
Effect of application methods on movement and degradation of aldicarb residues in Maine potato fields

The effect of application methods on movement and degradation of aldicarb residues was studied in a typically stony, Maine potato field by comparing aldicarb applied in-furrow at planting with aldicarb top-dressed at emergence. At the end of the growing season, residues from the at-planting application were found primarily in the top 0.6 m of soil and the residues from the emergence application were found primarily in the top 0.3 m. One year later, the residues were dispersed throughout the top 1.5 m of soil and had been reduced to about 5% of the original application. This study supports other work that has demonstrated that in the northeastern United States and Wisconsin, early aldicarb at-planting applications generally result in greater aldicarb residue movement than do later emergence applications. The study is also useful in illustrating variability of soil samples, which exhibited an average coefficient of variation of 110%. The results indicate that little information is lost due to compositing samples, so that compositing samples appears to be an option for reducing analytical costs associated with soil studies.
Alternate Ways of Using Bottoming Cycle Power in Pipeline Gas Compressor Stations

The General Electric Company is carrying out a design study and evaluation of bottoming cycles for gas pipeline compressor prime movers. Three sites were chosen for the study of demonstration organic bottoming cycles of about 5000 hp applied to three aircraft derivative gas turbines of approximately the same size. The purpose of the study is to design and evaluate all important aspects of installing organic bottoming cycle systems on a selected group of gas turbine prime movers driving gas compressors. As a result of the study, it was found that pipeline bottoming cycles applied to gas turbine prime movers could reduce the heat rate 35 percent more than the Department of Energy target value of 20 percent. Installation designs for three sites are described.Copyright © 1979 by ASME