cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in growth and nutrient efficiency between and within two channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus strains

A 6-wk growth study was conducted comparing fingerling (mean weight = 24.7 g) USDA103 strain channel catfish Zctulunrspunctatus to Norris strain channel catfish in an effort to determine strain dmerences in growth and nutrient efficiency. Variability within strains also was assessed by randomly selecting four families from each strain for comparison. On average, USDA103 fish gained significantly (P < 0.05) more weight (51.2 vs. 31.7 g) and length (4.7 vs. 4.1 cm) compared to Norris strain caffish. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater feed consumption (56.6 vs 41.3 g) and feed efficiency (95.7 vs. 89.9) for USDA103 catfish were also observed. Family differences in weight and length gain and feed intake were significant (P < 0.05) among USDA103 families; whereas, only differences in feed intake and feed efficiency were significant (P < 0.05) among Norris families. Nitrogen retention was higher (P < 0.05) for the Norris strain catfish (35.6%) relative to the USDA103 strain average (31.0%). The results of this study reiterate the superior growth and feed efficiency of the USDA103 strain of channel caffish. Observed differences among USDA103 families suggest that further improvements in weight gain can be made through selective breeding; however, improvements in feed and protein efficiency may be difficult.
A Theory of Careers Encounters Sex: Reply to Holland (1976).

Abstract This paper is the third in a series beginning with a report (by the authors) of research on the application of Holland's theory of careers to women and men. Holland's response, “The Virtues of the SDS …” is considered, in particular, research he cites on the effect of the Self-Directed Search (SDS) on counselees and his advocacy of raw score reports of personality patterns. The widely divergent career options suggested to men and women by SDS raw scores are noted and misunderstandings concerning the implications of Holland's assessment procedures for his theory are discussed. Holland's defense of raw score reports of personality characteristics is found wanting, especially in light of the support provided for his theory by normed scores.
Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients in infants and children with left-to-right shunts.

Studies of alveolar-arterial oxygen differences and intrapulmonary venous admixture and shunting were undertaken in 144 children with congenital heart disease; 37 had insignificant lesions and were considered control subjects. Of the remaining 107 patients, there were 104 with intracardiac or great vessel left-to-right shunts and 3 with primary pulmonary hypertension. Of the total, 25 were under 1 year of age. Those presenting in cardiac failure were well compensated at the time of study. The data revealed that patients with left-to-right interventricular and great vessel shunts have an abnormally high venous admixture and aa DO 2 at both room air and while breathing 100 per cent oxygen. The increase in aa DO 2 is related to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and is due to intrapulmonary shunting. Patients with atrial septal defects have normal aa DO 2 values except for minor variations. The discrepancy in data between these two groups is probably related to increase in pulmonary arterial resistance found in ventricular septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus. This rarely occurs in atrial septal defects despite large increases in pulmonary blood flow. The site of intrapulmonary shunting remains undefined, but presumably is in areas that are unventilated but perfused (i.e., areas with a low ventilation-perfusion ratio).
Service oxygen analyses with 14 mev neutrons at iowa state university

A 14 MeV neutron activation analysis system is described that is being used primarily to determine trace levels of oxygen in metals. No sample container is required for relatively inert solid metal samples thus increasing the sensitivity of the method by a factor of five. Under these conditions the sensitivity and precision foroxygen is about 6±3.3 μg in a single determination, resulting from collecting 1.216N counts per μg of oxygen. A method is described for calibrating the system for the analyses of large metal samples. The preparation and use of sample containers for the analyses of particulate and/or reactive samples is also presented.
Abstract 3457: Gender-associated expression of tumor markers and a small gene set in breast carcinoma.

In 2011, carcinoma of the breast in men accounted for ∼1% of all breast cancers in the US, and approximately 450 male patients died from this disease. Although breast carcinomas in both genders share certain pathological features, notable differences have been observed regarding incidence, prognosis and survival. Results from microarray analyses in our studies and those of other reports were used to select 33 candidate genes to investigate in male breast carcinomas. Tumor marker results for 99 male breast cancers and ∼18,000 female breast carcinomas were extracted from our IRB-approved comprehensive database. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progestin receptor (PR) levels were determined by either radio-ligand binding (NEN/DuPont) or enzyme immunoassay (Abbott Labs). HER-2/neu levels were determined by either ELISA (Oncogene Science) or EIA (Triton Biosciences), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels were determined by an in-house radio-ligand competition assay. RNA was isolated from tissue sections of de-identified frozen biopsies from 12 male patients and 233 female patients using the RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen) and analyzed for quality and quantity (Agilent Bioanalyzer). cDNA for qPCR measurements was prepared in Tris-HCl buffer with KCl, MgCl2, DTT (Invitrogen), dNTPs (Invitrogen), RNasin (Promega) and Superscript RT III (Invitrogen). qPCR reactions were performed using Power Sybr Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), forward/reverse primers and cDNA obtained from the reverse transcription reaction. Relative gene expression was calculated by the ddCt method using β-actin as a reference and Universal Human Reference RNA (Stratagene) as a calibrator. Among 99 male breast cancers, 82 were ER positive and 78 exhibited PR. Levels of ER (P = 0.013) and PR (P Citation Format: Sarah A. Andres, Irina A. Smolenkova, James L. Wittliff. Gender-associated expression of tumor markers and a small gene set in breast carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3457. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3457
On-the-fly circuit to measure the average working set size

Two economic methods (Markov chain method and filtering method) which estimate the average working set size of a program on the fly are presented. Both methods are simple enough to be implemented inside a VLSI processor chip with small space requirements, or outside the chip to probe the memory reference traffic. The on-the-fly circuit tools that can estimate the average working set size of a program without much loss of accuracy make unnecessary the problematic and expensive procedures (hardware monitoring or simulation) of collecting the reference traces. Such tools can be used in all studies that require program locality measurements, including the study of a program locality, the effectiveness study of locality improvement techniques, and the study of optimizing compiler's effect on program locality. Since both methods require only one comparison and an increment of one or two counters per memory reference, they can be easily implemented as circuits to probe the reference traffic between the processor and the main memory. >
Transcription factor Yin Yang 1 represses fetal troponin I gene expression in neonatal myocardial cells.

Abstract Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor that can activate or repress expression of a variety of genes and is involved in several developmental processes. While some transcription factors are known to modulate skeletal myogenesis, the regulation of fetal troponin I (ssTnI) expression by YY1 in cardiac development has not been studied. The present study shows that the fetal troponin I gene expression in neonatal myocardium was reduced by overexpression of YY1, while cardiac troponin I (cTnI) did not show any significant decrease. And a dose–response inhibition by YY1 was observed in fetal troponin I promoter induced transcriptional activities. Mutation of YY1-binding site can abolish the inhibitory effect and YY1 silencing in neonatal myocardium resulted in an increase of ssTnI protein expression. Our results indicate that YY1 is a novel regulator of fetal TnI transcription in the heart.
Pseudonovibos spiralis: epitaph

Timm et al. (2001) argue that Pseudonovibos spiralis actually exists as a new bovine species, and identify as such two frontlets in the Kansas Natural History Museum, U.S.A. This is not the first time these specimens have been the subject of dubious taxonomic identification; they were previously misidentified by Hoffman (1986) as female kouprey Bos sauveli. A further irony is that the original unmasking (Dioli, 1995) was accomplished by an author of the current defense.
Chaperone-Subunit-Usher Interactions Required for Donor Strand Exchange during Bacterial Pilus Assembly

The assembly of type 1 pili on the surface of uropathogenic Escherichia coli proceeds via the chaperone-usher pathway. Chaperone-subunit complexes interact with one another via a process termed donor strand complementation whereby the G1β strand of the chaperone completes the immunoglobulin (Ig) fold of the pilus subunit. Chaperone-subunit complexes are targeted to the usher, which forms a channel across the outer membrane through which pilus subunits are translocated and assembled into pili via a mechanism known as donor strand exchange. This is a mechanism whereby chaperone uncapping from a subunit is coupled with the simultaneous assembly of the subunit into the pilus fiber. Thus, in the pilus fiber, the N-terminal extension of every subunit completes the Ig fold of its neighboring subunit by occupying the same site previously occupied by the chaperone. Here, we investigated details of the donor strand exchange assembly mechanism. We discovered that the information necessary for targeting the FimC-FimH complex to the usher resides mainly in the FimH protein. This interaction is an initiating event in pilus biogenesis. We discovered that the ability of an incoming subunit (in a chaperone-subunit complex) to participate in donor strand exchange with the growing pilus depended on a previously unrecognized function of the chaperone. Furthermore, the donor strand exchange assembly mechanism between subunits was found to be necessary for subunit translocation across the outer membrane usher.
Regulatory Fit, Processing Fluency, and Narrative Persuasion

For millennia, people have used narratives to inform and persuade. However, little social psychological research addresses how and when narrative persuasion occurs, perhaps because narratives are complex stimuli that are difficult to vary without significantly changing the plot or characters. Existing research suggests that regulatory fit and/or processing fluency can be varied easily and in ways completely exterior to narrative content but that nonetheless affect how much narratives engage, transport, and persuade. We review research on narrative transportation and persuasion and then discuss regulatory fit and its relationship to processing fluency. Afterward, we discuss how regulatory fit and processing fluency may affect psychological engagement, transportation, and persuasion via narratives.
De/visualizing Calligraphic Archaeology: Qiu Zhijie's Total Art

Chinese multimedia artist Qiu Zhijie's "total art" exhibition, The Ataraxic of Zhuang Zi , combines cultural fieldwork, historical documentation, sociological investigation, and cross-media artworks to intervene into the disturbing phenomenon that has turned the Nanjing Yangzi River Bridge into China's most popular suicide location.
Ultrasonic bonding of In/Au and Al/Al for hermetic sealing of MEMS packaging

In this paper the feasibility of ultrasonic bonding for hermetic MEMS packaging has been demonstrated for the first time adopting two different sets of materials; indium-to-gold and aluminum-to-aluminum. The process utilizes purely mechanical vibration energy and enables low temperature bonding between similar or dissimilar materials without precleaning of the bonding surfaces. As such, ultrasonic bonding can be broadly applied not only for electrical interconnection, but also for hermetic MEMS sealing and packaging especially where temperature limitation is a critical issue. This paper describes the ultrasonic bonding and hermetic sealing processes as well as the bonding tool characterization and equipment setups.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Combination with Supplemental Dietary Fat Alters Pork Fat Quality

Interest in fortification of human foods, including pork, with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is growing and may provide benefits as a neutraceutical based on research evaluating CLA as an anticarcinogen, immune modulator, antiatherogenic agent and a body composition modulator. This study evaluated the combined effects of dietary CLA and supplemental fat source on growth, fatty acid composition and belly quality of lean genotype gilts (n = 144). Pigs (49.3 kg) were randomly assigned to six diets (3 x 2 factorial) varying in supplemental fat (none, 4 g/100 g yellow grease or 4 g/100 g tallow) and linoleic acid [1 g/100 g corn oil (CO) or 1 g/100 g CLA (CLA-60)] for 47 d. Both the cis-9, trans-11 and the trans-10, cis-12 isomers of CLA were increased in belly and longissimus fat depots from pigs fed CLA, and that increase was up to 92% greater when CLA was fed with 4 g/100 g supplemental fat (fat source x linoleic acid interaction, P 0.10), but it increased the subjective intramuscular fat score by 18.8% (P < 0.01). In conclusion, CLA enrichment of pork products may be enhanced when combined with additional supplemental dietary fat, and together with tallow can be used to increase the saturated fatty acid content of pork.
The influence of temperature on autogenous volume changes in cementitious materials containing shrinkage reducing admixtures

Abstract This research examines the influence of temperature on unrestrained and restrained autogenous volume changes in cementitious systems containing shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRAs). The apparent activation energy of cement hydration is determined using measurements of isothermal conduction calorimetry. Time-temperature (equivalent-age based) transformations are applied to extract the apparent activation energy of cement hydration (reactions). The results indicate that while equivalent-age transformations are a suitable procedure for describing the influence of temperature on chemical reactions, they are an inappropriate approach to describe the evolution of volume changes in cementitious materials cured at different temperatures. It is noted that while SRAs do not substantially alter the temperature sensitivity of hydration reactions, their ability to induce early-age expansions negates the use of maturity (equivalent age) approaches in describing autogenous deformations in these materials. Efforts are made to better describe the thermodynamic-limitations of autogenous RH change (self-desiccation) and the need to account for viscoelastic (i.e., creep) and damage (i.e., microcracking) considerations in interpreting the residual stress development response of cement-based materials cured at different temperatures.
New Compounds: N-Substituted Benzothiazoline-2-thiones

A series of N-substituted benzothiazoline-2-thiones has been synthesized for biological screening.
Splinters of Hegemony: Ontopoetical Visions in International Relations

Drawing on a montage of specific cases from diverse political landscapes that echo well beyond their specificity, this article examines border poetics enacted in international migration, biopolitical poetics harnessed to the resistance by refugees to government regimentation of their displacement, the disruptive potential of poetics in the war in Iraq, and the poetics of poverty and wealth in Jamaica.
Reverse Regulation: Controlling Intrinsically Disordered Domains with Structured Elements

Intrinsic disorder in proteins correlates with alternatively spliced motifs, protein interaction domains, and post-translational modification sites. Consequently, there are many examples of intrinsically disordered regions sensing multiple cellular signals and responding by modulating the activity of a structured functional domain. Conversely, we have discovered two examples of the reverse process - regulation of an intrinsically disordered domain by a structured protein element - using the Drosophila Hox transcription factor Ultrabithorax (Ubx) as a model system. Both in silico and in vitro approaches identified a large (∼150 a.a.) intrinsically disordered domain within the Ubx transcription activation domain, which is bounded on its C-terminus by an alpha helix. In cell culture promoter-reporter assays, point mutations that enhance helix stability increase transcription activation, whereas mutations that destroy helix structure abrogate transcription activation, leaving repression and DNA binding intact. Indeed, two amino acid changes are sufficient to disable a 150 a.a. intrinsically disordered domain. These mutations alter Ubx function in a tissue-dependent manner in Drosophila, emphasizing the fact that in silico prediction and in vitro characterization of intrinsically disordered domains is relevant to the function of the protein in a live animal. In the second example, we monitored DNA binding as a function of osmotic stress to discover DNA binding triggers a conformational change that exposes significant additional surface area in N-terminal half of Ubx, including the intrinsically disordered domain. This conformational change provides an opportunity for DNA, via the structured DNA-binding homeodomain, to impact both transcription regulation and protein interactions by the intrinsically disordered domain. This regulatory mode could potentially select the mode (activation vs. repression) of transcription regulation by Ubx in response to DNA sequence.
Mechanisms for tolerating freeze–thaw stress of two evergreen chaparral species: Rhus ovata and Malosma laurina (Anacardiaceae)

The response to freeze-thaw stress was examined for two co-occurring evergreen species, Malosma laurina and Rhus ovata. Laboratory and field experiments on adults and seedlings were made in the spring and winter in 1996 and again on adults in 2003 and 2004. Laboratory and field results indicated that the stem xylem for adults of M. laurina and R. ovata were similarly susceptible to freezing-induced cavitation (percentage loss of conductivity = 92 ′ 2.6% for R. ovata and 90 ′ 4.2% for M. laurina at s -6°C). In contrast, leaves of M. laurina were more susceptible to freezing injury than leaves of R. ovata. Among seedlings in the field, leaves of M. laurina exhibited freezing injury at -4°C and total shoot mortality at -7.2°C, whereas co-occurring seedlings of R. ovata were uninjured. Surprisingly, R. ovata tolerates high levels of freezing-induced xylem embolism in the field, an apparently rare condition among evergreen plants. Rims ovata avoids desiccation when xylem embolism is high by exhibiting low minimum leaf conductance compared to M. laurina. These results suggest a link between minimum leaf conductance and stem hydraulics as a mechanism permitting the persistence of an evergreen leaf habit in freezing environments.
Mechanical and structural characterization of in-situ phosphorus doped plasma enhanced alpha silicon films

The mechanical and structural analysis of 350 degrees C deposited, plasma-enhanced and annealed alpha silicon films was performed. Very high, electrically active doping levels of phosphorus in silicon were achieved at even 750 degrees C anneal. The reason for such high activity is shown by TEM and electron diffraction analysis to be the formation of large polycrystallites when plasma-enhanced alpha silicon is annealed. This is in opposition to the small grain size with a large volume of grain boundaries when polysilicon is deposited at 650 degrees C and annealed further, later. Cantilever beams made out of alpha polysilicon were demonstrated, although it seems that the polysilicon is more suitable for micromechanical structures. >
The etched surface of sputtered zinc oxide and its relationship to fractal growth and surface wave properties

The etch characteristics of sputtered zinc oxide are used as a measure of the microstructural integrity of the films and are related to acoustical and optical surface wave propagation properties. Examination of the etched surface of thin-film ZnO reveals a defect structure which points to a fractal growth mechanism. The observed fractal dimension of the film surface is in the 1.5 to 1.6 range for high-quality zinc oxide grown on oxidized silicon. By controlled etching to produce surface roughness, changes in the loss and frequency of surface acoustic waves and in the loss of guided optical waves are observed and are related to theoretical models. >
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Cardiac Fibrosis

See related article, pp 201–207 C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), last of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and CNP to be discovered, has proven more difficult to investigate than its alphabetic predecessors, in part because circulating levels fall close to the limits of detection of immunoassays. ANP and BNP are true cardiac hormones, while CNP is predominantly an endothelial product secreted from many vascular beds in addition to the heart.1 CNP concentrations exhibit a clear transcardiac arteriovenous increment proving net cardiac production. Coronary sinus concentrations of CNP correlate with left ventricular filling pressures, and systemic blood levels are increased in heart failure.2 However, low circulating concentrations (under 2 pM in health), endothelial origin, and multiple extracardiac sites of net production suggest CNP has systemic autocrine/paracrine vascular functions. CNP is not natriuretic and lacks direct action on renin-aldosterone activity, but it has vasorelaxant and antifibrotic actions of potential importance in pressure homeostasis and in the response to cardiovascular injury. ### Cardiac Fibrosis In this issue of Hypertension , Sangaralingham and colleagues3 report the relationship between age-related cardiac fibrosis and plasma levels of CNP. In Fischer rats at 20 months of age (corresponding to the sixth decade of life in humans), plasma CNP fell to less than one-third levels recorded at 2 months while BNP rose. The fall in CNP was reciprocated by concurrent increases in left ventricular fibrosis demonstrated histologically …
Response of glutamine synthetase gene transcription and enzyme activity to external nitrogen sources in the diatom Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae)

To understand the enhanced ability of marine diatoms to assimilate nitrogen (N), we measured changes in the transcript abundance and enzyme activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), one of the key enzymes that link carbon (C) and N metabolism, in the common diatom Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve. Transcript abundance of glnII (the gene that encodes the GSII isoenzyme), measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, and total GS activity increased 2 to 3.5 times above background in the cells taking up nitrate (NO 3 - ) but not the cells taking up ammonium (NH 4 + ). A background level of glnII mRNA was maintained at a steady level up to 15 days of N starvation before decreasing to below detection after 21 days. These results confirm that transcription of glnII is induced to assimilate NH 4 + derived from reduction of NO 3 - . Because of this role of GSII in diatoms assimilating NH 4 + derived from NO 3 - reduction rather than from the environmental NH 4 + , quantification of glnII mRNA promises to be a useful indication of new production by phytoplankton.
Simplified model of an inverter-fed induction motor for the analysis of a dc power system

The development of a simplified model of an inverter-fed induction motor that can be used in the analysis of a dc power system containing motor drive loads is presented. The model is based on the steady-state T-type equivalent circuit of the induction motor and the input-output relationships of the six-step voltage source inverter. In the simplified model, a V-I load characteristic curve is established that allows the inverter, motor, and load to be replaced by a current-controlled voltage source. The model is verified using PSPICE and Matlab. The simplified model also has the potential to be utilized in the analysis of a multiple bus dc power system by incorporating the V-I load curves of each motor-drive load into a Newton-Raphson iterative procedure.
Expectations for Baryon and Lepton Nonconservation

Are baryon and lepton conservation actually violated in nature? At this moment, we do not know. Nevertheless, it seems a good idea to try to anticipate the details of baryon or lepton nonconserving processes, so that we can at least know what to look for, and what may be learned if it is found. In this talk, I will outline the expected properties of baryon and lepton non-conserving processes, taking as a guide just the strong and electroweak SU(3) × SU(2) × u(l) gauge symmetries and some plausible dimensional analysis. I will also describe a recent calculation of superheavy particle masses, and will have a few comments on the constraints imposed by cosmology on the possible modes of nucleon decay. But before getting into details, I would like to try to set the stage, by describing how our views of baryon and lepton conservation have been shaped by changes in our views about symmetries in general.
A Proposal to Study the Differentiation and Physiology of a Neuroblastoma: A Successful Research Grant Application Submitted to the National Institutes of Health

The differentiation and physiology of nervous tissue will be studied in vitro using cloned tissue culture lines of a mouse neuroblastoma as a model system. The parameters of the differentiation process will be defined with emphasis on control mechanisms and the induction of specific cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Mutants which are blocked at the various steps in the differentiation process will be isolated. Similarly, the molecular biology of the cholinergic receptor and catecholamine uptake, storage, and release will be defined by studying the wild-type functions in relation to a series of mutants blocked in these functions. Finally, the nature of synaptic specificity will be studied with respect to membrane structure in electrical and, perhaps, chemical synapses in the neuroblastoma and other cloned tissue culture lines.
Thinking Like a Professional

"Thinking like a lawyer" is a phrase familiar to every law student, and the development of these analytical skills are, of course, essential. In this essay, however, I reflect on the value of a more expansive approach to professional formation. I argue that legal education best serves students, the bar, and the society when it takes seriously the importance of moral imagination, interpersonal relationships, and personal wellness.
PCR-Based Detection of Csf Borrelia Burgdorferi as a Predictor of Treatment Response in CNS Lyme Borreliosis

Objective: To use PCR based detection of B. burgdorferi to predict treatment response in Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Controlled direct growth of vertical and highly-ordered ’carbon nanotube - silicon’ heterojunction array

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been studied intensively for its unique electrical and mechanic properties and numerous applications. However, electronical integration of carbon nanotubes with silicon to form an electronically functional entity or device, though highly desirable, has remained a great challenge. Whereas vertical aligned bundles of nanotubes have been grown directly on silicon, the integration is mechanical, rather than electronical, in nature. In the present work, we report on Controlled growth of vertical and highly-ordered array of ’carbon nanotube silicon’ (CNS) heterojunction diodes of uniform diameter, length, and alignment. The as grown CNS heterojunction structure is not only electronically functional but also strongly rectifying with an on off ratio as high as five orders of magnitude in current voltage characteristics measured at room temperature. The controlled direct growth of the CNS hetero junction array of such high uniformity is enabled by the formation of a highly ordered nanopore array alumina matrix directly on the silicon, following a precisely controlled anodization of an aluminum thin film evaporated on silicon. Iterations of development and optimization of the anodization process conditions and real time monitoring and control of the anodization process were required for the formation and adhesion of the alumina growth matrix directly on silicon. Under carefully controlled and optimized conditions developed in this work, we are able to obtain an abrupt heterointerface between a terminal end of the carbon nanotube and the silicon substrate, without an intermediate barrier layer, as required for an electronically functional CNS hetero junction. The growth process is applicable to silicon doped in either type, enabling access to another critical parameter of the electronic function.
The Earth-Inhabiting Species of Ascobolus

Most of the species of the genus Ascobolus, which genus is characterized by the beautiful violet color of the spores, occur on the dung of animals of various kinds. Those forms which occur on other substrata are the exception rather than the rule. A few species occur on damp soil and these are the species which are treated in the present paper. Of the earth-inhibiting species of Ascobolus, one species, Ascobolus carbonarius P. Karst. has been frequently collected in North America. In I905 a second species was collected by the writer on damp soil along the banks of the Iowa River. This species was referred to Ascobolus ziridis Curr. Since that time, the same species has been frequently collected on soil in New York State. Dodge in his morphological studies of the Ascobolaceae has noted the difference in ithe spores of the American and European specimens and has considered the American plants a possible variety of the European species. Comparative study of the two forms has convinced the writer that they represent two distinct species. The spores of the European plants are a third larger than those of the American and have an entirely different form as shown in the accompanying illustrations. The American plants are therefore redescribed below as Ascobolus geophilus. In August, 1914, a species of Ascobolus was collected on damp soil in woods near Yonkers, New York, which was taken to be Ascobolus viridis of American authors. The spores however were almost globose. At first, this was thought to be only an extreme variation of the common species. During September of the same year, similar plants were collected in considerable quantity on Staten Island where they grew on damp soil on the bank of a little pond. In all of these plants the mature spores would pass as globose. The young spores, however, are found to be
Breaking the thrombolytic gridlock: insights from the GUSTO trial

The GUSTO chairman reflects on the study’s contributions to the current understanding of how to treat acute myocardial infarction.
Treating inertia in passive microbead rheology.

The dynamic modulus G(*) of a viscoelastic medium is often measured by following the trajectory of a small bead subject to Brownian motion in a method called "passive microbead rheology." This equivalence between the positional autocorrelation function of the tracer bead and G(*) is assumed via the generalized Stokes-Einstein relation (GSER). However, inertia of both bead and medium are neglected in the GSER so that the analysis based on the GSER is not valid at high frequency where inertia is important. In this paper we show how to treat both contributions to inertia properly in one-bead passive microrheological analysis. A Maxwell fluid is studied as the simplest example of a viscoelastic fluid to resolve some apparent paradoxes of eliminating inertia. In the original GSER, the mean-square displacement (MSD) of the tracer bead does not satisfy the correct initial condition. If bead inertia is considered, the proper initial condition is realized, thereby indicating an importance of including inertia, but the MSD oscillates at a time regime smaller than the relaxation time of the fluid. This behavior is rather different from the original result of the GSER and what is observed. What is more, the discrepancy from the GSER result becomes worse with decreasing bead mass, and there is an anomalous gap between the MSD derived by naively taking the zero-mass limit in the equation of motion and the MSD for finite bead mass as indicated by McKinley et al. [J. Rheol. 53, 1487 (2009)]. In this paper we show what is necessary to take the zero-mass limit of the bead safely and correctly without causing either the inertial oscillation or the anomalous gap, while obtaining the proper initial condition. The presence of a very small purely viscous element can be used to eliminate bead inertia safely once included in the GSER. We also show that if the medium contains relaxation times outside the window where the single-mode Maxwell behavior is observed, the oscillation can be attenuated inside the window. This attenuation is realized even in the absence of a purely viscous element. Finally, fluid inertia also affects the bead autocorrelation through the Basset force and the fluid dragged around with the bead. We show that the Basset force plays the same role as the purely viscous element in high-frequency regime, and the oscillation of MSD is suppressed if fluid density and bead density are comparable.
The Generation of Zinc Finger Proteins by Modular Assembly

The modular assembly (MA) method of generating engineered zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) was the first practical method for creating custom DNA-binding proteins. As such, MA has enabled a vast exploration of sequence-specific methods and reagents, ushering in the modern era of zinc finger-based applications that are described in this volume. The first zinc finger nuclease to cleave an endogenous site was created using MA, as was the first artificial transcription factor to enter phase II clinical trials. In recent years, other excellent methods have been developed that improved the affinity and specificity of the engineered ZFPs. However, MA is still used widely for many applications. This chapter will describe methods and give guidance for the creation of ZFPs using MA. Such ZFPs might be useful as starting materials to perform other methods described in this volume. Here, we also describe a single-strand annealing recombination assay for the initial testing of zinc finger nucleases.
Integrating ERP and CRM into the University Curriculum with Microsoft Dynamics AX and CRM

The authors are currently developing integrated ERP and CRM courses based on the Microsoft Dynamics platform (chosen in part because the authors’ institution has a pre-existing membership in the Dynamics Academic Alliance). Students will co-register in both ERP and CRM with projects, assessments, and instructors flowing between courses to provide truly integrated content. Both employers and scholars call for greater curricular integration in business. Students will benefit from the integrated CRM/ERP courses by using multiple framing to address business issues, a practice shown to have positive impact on learning outcomes. Extant literature suggests that discipline-specific, content-centric learning outcomes from integrated curricula are as good as or better than those of conventionally delivered content. Measures of selected learning outcomes will compare students in the team-taught, integrated courses to student performance on equivalent measures in other upper-division business courses.
Waveguide Modal Analysis Using an FFT Spectrogram Technique: Application to Mode Filters

We describe an FFT-based spectrogram technique to evaluate the effectiveness of tapered waveguide mode filters by analyzing the spectral transmission. Low-loss silicon waveguide hourglass tapers are shown to eliminate all but the fundamental mode.
A Predictive Model for Use of an Assistive Robotic Manipulator: Human Factors Versus Performance in Pick-and-Place/Retrieval Tasks

The goal of this study was to model the important individual differences to predict a user's performance when operating an assistive robotic manipulator for a general population. Prior research done led to the identification of ten potential human factors to be observed including dexterity (gross and fine), spatial abilities (orientation and visualization), visual acuity in each eye, visual perception, depth perception, reaction time, and working memory. Eighty-nine individuals completed a test battery of potential human factors and, then, completed several tasks using a robotic manipulator designed to simulate find-and-fetch/pick-and-place tasks. During interaction with the robot, time on task, number of moves, and number of moves per minute were recorded. We successfully developed statistical models predicting performance that revealed several important human factors. Speed of information processing, spatial ability, dexterity, and working memory were all seen to be significant predictors of task performance. For time on task, linear and polynomial models showed roughly similar predictive performance on unseen test data achieving root-mean-square percentage error of about 7.3%; for number of moves per minute, a polynomial model was best with 9.1% error; and for number of moves, a linear model was best with 12.8% error.
Envisioning the Outcrop

How does the geologist make sense of the outcrop? How does a mark or shape in a rock – or the rock itself – come to be seen as something, indicative of facts and relationships concerning its origin or subsequent history? This essay constitutes an experiment: possessing training in philosophy, but beginning with only a rudimentary background in geology, I have examined an outcrop of the Bridge Creek Formation west of Pueblo, Colorado in order to explore the process of geologic insight. My hypothesis is that the geologist develops and practices a type of visual intelligence whereby seemingly insignificant marks in the rock come to be taken as signs of past events or processes. It is this specific process, where the mark comes to be taken as a sign, that is the subject of my interest. My conclusion (which is organized under the two headings of thinking in the interrogative mood, and the visible and the invisible) is that geologic seeing requires a type of poetic envisioning tempered and disciplined by the ri...
Caught between two proteins: a mycobacterial inhibitor challenges the mold

Elucidating the target or mechanism of action of potential drugs in the discovery pipeline is an integral component of most programs. For antibacterial compounds, generation of resistant mutants followed by whole genome sequencing has often been successful in uncovering the proteins involved in regulating compound activation, uptake, efflux and importantly, target processes. When this process succeeds, we are quick to declare a target. In a study reported by Sing and Dhar et al. (in press), the combination of resistant mutant generation, whole genome sequencing and recombineering to identify the target of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibitor, pointed to a mechanism involving a scaffolding protein, Wag31, involved in polar elongation of mycobacterial cells. Time-lapse microscopy and electron microscopy confirmed the view that this inhibitor resulted in interruption of nascent cell wall biosynthesis. However, co-expression as well as regulated titration of the putative Wag31 target demonstrated that the wild-type allele was dominant and showed no synergy with the inhibitor. The most plausible explanation from their results was that this inhibitor interfered with the interaction of Wag31 with one of its interacting partners in the elongation complex.
Multiple bifurcations with signal enhancement in nonlinear mid-infrared thermal lens spectroscopy

We report a novel nonlinear mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopy regime where multiple bifurcations and signal enhancement are observed in the photothermal spectrum of a 6 μm-thick layer of 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal. For increasing pump power values, the nonlinear evolution of the photothermal spectrum is studied in 8CB samples initially in the crystalline and smectic-A phase and their non-equilibrium transitions are characterized with pump-probe thermal lens spectroscopy. The nonlinear photothermal phenomena can be explained by the nucleation of localized non-equilibrium transitions that leads to the formation of bubbles, which modify the thermal lensing behavior. Analysis of the multiple bifurcations reveals a universal critical exponent for these non-equilibrium dynamics that can be linked to mean field theory. We report for the first time simultaneous measurement of the photothermal signal amplitude and phase behavior in the nonlinear regime. Due to the signal enhancement and spectral narrowing observed, nonlinear photothermal behavior shows promise for improvement in sensitivity and signal contrast in mid-infrared, attractive for sample characterization in the mid-infrared.
Health considerations in regulating marijuana in Vermont

Abstract This article delineates the current efforts of the Vermont Department of Health (VDH) to address the potential health impact of legalization and regulation of recreational marijuana for use by adults at least 21 years of age. To this end, VDH and key stakeholders developed and published a Health Impact Assessment with specific recommendations should legislation that legalized and regulated marijuana be passed into law. Although the legalization legislation failed in 2016 and was vetoed by the Governor in 2017, it is unclear what will happen in the future.
ADOPTING A DESIGN-THINKING MULTIDISCIPLINARY LEARNING APPROACH: INTEGRATING MOBILE APPLICATIONS INTO A MARKETING RESEARCH COURSE

This article seeks to address the gap between marketing education and marketing practice by integrating a design-thinking (DT) methodology to the marketing research (MR) framework to achieve learni...
Optimal Wireless Service Within Average Delay

Service provision over wireless networks is a key performance criterion, yet an onerous task due to the stochastic nature of channels, transmission overhead, and service delay requirements. This paper considers services differentiated by preference without benefit or penalty for early or delayed completion, instead a benefit exists for maintaining the average delay of completed services below a predefined limit. The average delay is constrained at each network instance via joint optimization of probing order and transmission decisions, resulting in a nonlinear expanding-then-collapsing optimization constraint. A permutation in the transmission order does not impact the sum delay but can impact the average delay. Therefore, finding the optimal order is paramount for proper service provision. A particular greedy ordering is shown to reduce the set of feasible solutions without losing global optimality. Practical solutions are proposed via stochastic programming formulation and an optimal stopping strategy that does not use a priori knowledge. The stopping strategy results in a set of thresholds, which can be practically computed a priori and implemented in a decentralized manner. Simulations show that our proposed Dantzig inspired stopping strategy achieves near optimal sum service value with higher throughput than a stochastic programming formulation.
Navajo Birth: A Bridge Between the Past and the Future

Navajo lands are comprised of about 27,000 sparsely populated square miles of land in the southwestern United States. Over 250,000 Dine’ (pronounced Da NAY), or Navajo people, live on or near the Reservation (Navajo Nation)
Scientists Believe Intelligent Life May Be More Common in the Universe than Previously Considered Possible

The construction of giant telescopes at the beginning of the twentieth century combined with the advent of digital computers and rocket science in the last part of the twentieth century totally changed mankind’s thoughts about how common life, and especially intelligent life, may be in the universe. Our knowledge of the physical size of our universe suddenly exploded in 1925 when the astronomer Edwin Hubble looked through what was then the largest and most powerful telescope (Mt. Wilson Observatory in California) in the world and discovered the existence of galaxies located outside our own Milky Way galaxy (Fig. 1.1a, b). Up to that point in time, most astronomers believed our Milky Way galaxy was itself the whole universe, with nothing existing beyond the most distant stars we could see with our best telescopes.
Does X Lead Me to Infer Y? Distal and Proximate Analogies and the Initiation of Product Markets

A market is formed within a technological niche when consumers purchase products that have been offered for sale by producers. Hence, for price discovery to occur and for a market to form, producer...
Indocyanine-green-assisted near-infrared dental imaging - the feasibility of in vivo imaging and the optimization of imaging conditions

X-ray-based imaging, including computed tomography, plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and surgery of impacted teeth that affects over 25% of the human population. But the greatest disadvantage of this technique is ionizing radiation risk to the patients. Here we describe a completely ionizing-radiation-free in vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluoresence dental imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) agent that has rarely been applied in dental imaging. Our method can acquire dental structure images within a short period (only 10 minutes after injection) without ionizing radiation risk. NIR enables the observation of dental structures that are not distinguishable under visible conditions. At prolonged 72 hours, only molar regions remained highlighted; the contrast between molar regions and surrounding tissues was prominent; this is particularly useful for in vivo dental imaging. Using the quantitative spectral analysis, we found the peak wavelengths of ICG fluorescence shifted along with the injection time: the peak wavelength shifted 8 nm (from 819 nm to 811 nm) in 0~72 hours. The injection methods of tail vein v.s. intradermal injections caused ~3 nm shift. ICG-assisted NIR fluorescence imaging can serve as a useful tool for in vivo real-time diagnosis in dental clinics and surgeries without ionizing radiation risk.