cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary malignant lymphoma of the bladder.

AbstractWe treated 11 patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the bladder. The typical patient is a woman more than 50 years old who presents with urgency and frequency of micturition, and occasionally gross hematuria. Hydronephrosis is present in half of the patients and cystoscopy usually reveals a solid tumor. Partial cystectomy, when feasible, with or without radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the usual treatment modality. When localized to the bladder, malignant lymphoma has an over-all favorable prognosis.
The embedded triangles algorithm for distributed estimation in sensor networks

We propose a new iterative distributed estimation algorithm for Gaussian hidden Markov graphical models with loops. We decompose a loopy graph into a number of linked embedded triangles and then apply a parallel block-Jacobi iteration comprising local linear minimum mean-square-error estimation on each triangle (involving a simple 3x3 matrix inverse computation) followed by an information exchange between neighboring nodes and triangles. A simulation study demonstrates that the algorithm converges extremely rapidly, outperforming a number of existing algorithms. Embedded triangles are simple, local, scalable, fault-tolerant, and energy-efficient, and thus ideally suited for wireless sensor networks.
On the social perception of intervocalic /s/ voicing in Costa Rican Spanish

To decipher for the first time what, if any, social meaning is indexed by nonstandard intervocalic /s/ voicing in Costa Rica, such as [paza] for pasa ‘raisin’, the present study digitally manipulates 12 utterances from six Costa Rican speakers to vary only in intervocalic [s] versus [z]. Based on 106 listeners’ responses to these stimuli, I find that intervocalic [z] indexes a lower social status for all speakers but also yields higher ratings of confidence, niceness, localness, and masculinity for male speakers. Given female speakers’ limited ability to evoke positive social meanings associated with [z], I argue that accessibility to the indexical field (Eckert, 2008) conditions men's and women's differential treatment of variation. Offering a satisfying explanation for the gender paradox (Labov, 2001:261–293), this work concludes that women agentively eschew nonstandard variants that result in no positive social gains but lead linguistic innovation when their access to the indexical field is unobstructed.
Does Hindi-Urdu Have Feature-Driven Wh-Movement to Spec,vP?

Manetta (2010) argues that Hindi-Urdu has feature-driven overt wh-movement to Spec,vP, a position from which wh-expressions can take clausal scope. This is argued to provide a unified account of the following aspects of question formation in the language: the tendency of wh-expressions to occur in preverbal position, the possibility of overt long wh-movement, and the use of scope marking to question out of finite complements. Here, I first probe some hidden assumptions in Manetta’s account, revealing crucial gaps in the argumentation. I then discuss new facts, as well as some old ones, that challenge central components of the proposal. As a whole, the discussion establishes that the move to capture question formation in Hindi-Urdu through wh-movement to Spec,vP does not deliver the promised results.
A Novel Iterative Method for Airway Tree Segmentation from CT Imaging Using Multiscale Leakage Detection

Computed tomography (CT)-based metrics of airway phenotypes, wall-thickness, and other morphological features are increasingly being used in large multi-center lung studies involving many hundreds or thousands of image datasets. There is an unmet need for a fully reliable, automated algorithm for CT-based segmentation of airways. State-of-the-art methods require a post-editing step, which is time consuming when several thousands of image data sets need to be reviewed and edited. In this paper, we present a novel iterative algorithm for CT-based segmentation of airway trees. Early testing suggests that the method requires no editing to extract a set of airway segments along a standardized set of bronchial paths extending two generations beyond the segmental airways. It uses simple intensity-based connectivity and new leakage detection and volume freezing algorithms to iteratively grow an airway tree. It starts with an initial, automatically determined seed inside the trachea and a conservative threshold; applies region growing and generates a leakage-corrected segmentation; freezes the segmented volume; and shifts the threshold toward a more generous value for the next iteration until a convergence occurs. The method was applied on chest CT scans of fifteen normal non-smoking subjects. Airway segmentation results were compared with manually edited results, and branch level accuracy of the new segmentation method was examined along five standardized segmental airway paths and continuing to two generations beyond the segmental paths. The method successfully detected all branches up to two generations beyond the five segmental airway paths with no visual leakages.
Streptococcus intermedius: an unusual cause of spinal epidural abscess.

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) following dental procedures is a rarely reported entity. Here, we present a unique case of a 74-year-old immunocompetent man who developed severe lower back pain and bilateral lower extremity weakness 4 days following two root canal procedures. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed several pockets of epidural abscesses extending from L1 through L5. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus intermedius, an anaerobic commensal bacterium of the normal flora of the mouth and upper airways. The patient was treated with IV penicillin for 7 days but his symptoms continued to deteriorate. A repeat MRI showed extension of the epidural abscess to T10–T11 level. The patient was emergently transferred to our hospital where he underwent bilateral decompressive laminectomy of T10 through S1 and abscess evacuation. Pus culture was positive for Streptococcus intermedius, which confirmed the diagnosis and the treatment plan. He was discharged on intravenous (IV) penicillin for 6 weeks. His symptoms improved significantly postoperatively as he retained his baseline strength in his lower extremity.
Oxygen Measurements in Animals

Measurements of oxygen partial pressure (PO 2 ) and blood oxygen saturation (SO 2 ) are not equivalent to measurements of blood fl ow, but, on a moment-to-moment basis, the most critical job of the circulation in most organs is the delivery of oxygen. One of the important reasons for studying blood fl ow in the fi rst place is the hope that it will be a surrogate for tissue metabolism and the condition of the tissue, but the ability to understand normal physiology or pathophysiology on the basis of blood fl ow measurements alone is limited. Coupling blood fl ow measurements with blood oxygen saturation measurements provides more information about retinal metabolism, as discussed further below. Tissue oxygen measurements on their own, without simultaneous blood fl ow measurements, show the result of what the circulation provides to the cells. Information about oxygen is therefore critical to an understanding of the performance of the retinal and choroidal circulations under physiological and pathological conditions. For the purposes of oxygen supply and metabolism, the retina is best thought of as two separate R. A. Linsenmeier , Ph.D. Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology and Ophthalmology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208-3107 , USA e-mail: r-linsenmeier@northwestern.edu Oxygen Measurements in Animals
EVALUATING THE SAFETY OF CONCURRENT INTRAVENOUS HEPARIN WITH INTRAVENOUS ALTEPLASE IN PATIENTS WITH VALVE THROMBOSIS: A CASE SERIES

Currently there are no clear recommendations in ACC/AHA guidelines in regards to the role or the intensity of intravenous (IV) heparin with IV alteplase during acute thrombolysis of prosthetic valves. The most recent valvular heart disease guidelines published in 2014 recommends holding IV heparin
Theorem: General Intelligence Entails Creativity, Assuming \ldots

There appears to be considerable evidence against the claim that general intelligence entails creativity. For example, with this claim unpacked as the proposition that any general-intelligent agent must be creative, the field of AI declares the claim to be false. To see this, we need but note that the dominant and encyclopedic AI textbook [16] defines an intelligent agent as one that computes a mapping from its percepts to its actions. The range of potential mappings explored in this volume is non-trivial, ranging from simple arithmetic functions to functions that leverage declarative knowledge, and beyond. But never is creativity discussed in connection with any of these functions; indeed creativity is nowhere discussed in the book, period; nor for that matter is any synonym (e.g., ‘innovative’) discussed. In short, as far as this highly influential and comprehensive volume is concerned, general-intelligent agents needn’t be creative.
Shared resources for robust speech-to-text technology.

This paper describes ongoing efforts at Linguistic Data Consortium to create shared resources for improved speech-totext technology. Under the DARPA EARS program, technology providers are charged with creating STT systems whose outputs are substantially richer and much more accurate than is currently possible. These aggressive program goals motivate new approaches to corpus creation and distribution. EARS participants require multilingual broadcast and telephone speech data, transcripts and annotations at a much higher volume than for any previous program. While standard approaches to resource collection and creation are prohibitively expensive for this volume of material, within EARS new methods have been established to allow for the development of vast quantities of audio, transcripts and annotations. New distribution methods also provide for efficient deployment of needed resources to participating research sites as well as enabling eventual publication to a wider community of language researchers.
MR Imaging of Diffuse Liver Disease: From Technique to Diagnosis

Over the past decade the role of MR imaging in the evaluation of diffuse liver disease has become common practice. Although detection of focal liver lesions remains the mainstay of liver imaging, a growing cohort of patients are referred for evaluation of hepatosteatosis, iron deposition diseases, and cirrhosis. In particular, multiecho sequences are becoming the gold standard for quantification of fat and iron. MR elastography allows for improved early detection of hepatic fibrosis. Unfortunately, a majority of the diffuse liver diseases lack specific features on MR imaging, yet a solid understanding of the different pathologic processes allows an informed interpretation.
La dimensión sociocultural de la globalización en relatos sobre una experiencia de movilidad internacional universitaria

espanolEste trabajo analiza la experiencia de un grupo de jovenes estudiantes daneses en la Universidad de Valparaiso, en el marco de un programa de movilidad internacional. El uso de relatos de vida nos permite describir no solo las formas en que esta experiencia transforma sus identidades y sus trayectorias academicas, profesionales e ideologicas, sino tambien sus imaginarios sobre los lugares de origen y destino. Los hallazgos contribuyen a la discusion sobre la dimension sociocultural y politica de la globalizacion, en particular la articulacion entre los valores de una ciudadania global y las diferentes formas de comprender y vivir la alteridad. EnglishThis paper analyzes the experiences of a group of young students from Denmark who studied at the University of Valparaiso as part of an international university exchange program. The life story methodological technique allows us to describe not just the way in which the experience of participating in an exchange program transforms students’ identities and academic, professional and ideological trajectories, but also how it affects their perceptions and concepts of their places of origin and destination. The findings from this study contribute to the debate about the sociocultural and political dimensions of globalization, particularly on links between the values of global citizenship and the different ways of understanding and living alterity portuguesO trabalho analisa a experiencia de um grupo de jovens estudantes dinamar-queses na Universidade de Valparaiso, no contexto de um programa de mobilidade internacional. O uso dos relatos de vida nos permite descrever nao somente as formas em que esta experiencia transforma suas identidades e trajetorias academicas, profissionais e ideologicas, mas tambem os seus imaginarios sobre os lugares de origem e destino. Os resultados contribuem a discussao sobre a dimensao sociocultural e politica da globaliza-cao, em particular a articulacao entre os valores de uma cidadania global e as diferentes formas de compreender e vivenciar a alteridade
Pathwise Solutions for Fully Nonlinear First- and Second-Order Partial Differential Equations with Multiplicative Rough Time Dependence

The notes are an overview of the theory of pathwise weak solutions of two classes of scalar fully nonlinear first- and second-order degenerate parabolic partial differential equations with multiplicative rough time dependence, a special case being Brownian. These are Hamilton-Jacobi, Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs-Bellman and quasilinear divergence form equations including multidimensional scalar conservation laws. If the time dependence is “regular”, the weak solutions are respectively the viscosity and entropy/kinetic solutions. The main results are the well-posedness and qualitative properties of the solutions. Some concrete applications are also discussed.
Examining the Effect of a Game-like Practice Tool on the Quality of Student Peer Evaluations

This work-in-progress research-to-practice analysis examines whether using a more game-like practice tool for learning a peer rating schema significantly improves the quality of peer evaluations in a team-based course. Peer evaluations in our study are defined as the peer evaluations of teamwork behavior as measured by the CATME peer evaluation system. Data samples in this study include students in teams from introduction to engineering courses in a large Midwest university’s engineering program who used the previous version and the current more game-like version of the rater practice tool. We found significant differences in the mean ratings of our intervention group and in the distribution of variances versus our control group in the first peer evaluation of the semester.
Stumbling Toward Sustainability

This book addresses two questions. First, what progress did the United States make toward sustainable development between the 1992 (the date of the U.N. Conference on Environment and Development, or Earth Summit) and 2002? Second, what should the United States do next, particularly in the next 5 to 10 years? The primary focus of this book is law and policy because law and policy represent one of the most powerful ways to change a society's behavior. The book's 32 chapters were written by 42 contributors. The book is divided into sections on consumption and population; international trade, finance, and development assistance; conservation and management of natural resources; waste and toxic chemicals; nongovernmental actors; education; institutions and infrastructure; and governance. The book provides a critical appraisal of U.S. activities, identifying both progress and shortcomings. It also makes recommendations for short-term and long-term actions. More broadly, the book refines and applies sustainable development concepts to the United States. While the United States has unquestionably begun to take some steps toward sustainable development, the country is now far from being a sustainable society, and in many ways is farther away than it was in 1992. The book contains a Synthesis summarizing its findings and recommendations.
High Incidence of Hypopigmented Marks in the Endangered Florida Bonneted Bat

Abstract Aberrant patches of white skin or fur known as hypopigmented marks have been observed in many mammal species worldwide, but they are typically limited to only a few individuals in a popula...
Archaeology of Everyday Life

Everyday life is critical in the constitution of selves and societies alike. Archaeology, with its attention to material and spatial remains, is in a unique position to further studies of everyday ...
Examining the Role of National Context: Do Country Conditions During Childhood Impact Perpetration of Dating Violence in Emerging Adulthood?:

The link between individual experiences in early childhood or adolescence years and future dating violence (DV) perpetration has been well established and explored across various populations. Howev...
Revisiting astrocyte to neuron conversion with lineage tracing in vivo.

In vivo cell fate conversions have emerged as potential regeneration-based therapeutics for injury and disease. Recent studies reported that ectopic expression or knockdown of certain factors can convert resident astrocytes into functional neurons with high efficiency, region specificity, and precise connectivity. However, using stringent lineage tracing in the mouse brain, we show that the presumed astrocyte-converted neurons are actually endogenous neurons. AAV-mediated co-expression of NEUROD1 and a reporter specifically and efficiently induces reporter-labeled neurons. However, these neurons cannot be traced retrospectively to quiescent or reactive astrocytes using lineage-mapping strategies. Instead, through a retrograde labeling approach, our results reveal that endogenous neurons are the source for these viral-reporter-labeled neurons. Similarly, despite efficient knockdown of PTBP1 in vivo, genetically traced resident astrocytes were not converted into neurons. Together, our results highlight the requirement of lineage-tracing strategies, which should be broadly applied to studies of cell fate conversions in vivo.
Abstract 018: Sympathetic Contribution to Obesity Hypertension: Differential Hemodynamic Mechanisms between Prehypertension and Hypertension

Sympathetic activation contributes to blood pressure (BP) elevation in obesity, but it is unknown whether this contribution differs between obese prehypertensives (PreHTN) and obese hypertensives (HTN). We, therefore, assessed hemodynamic parameters during autonomic withdrawal with the ganglionic blocker trimethaphan (TMT) in 15 lean normotensives (NTN; 34±3 yrs., BMI 23.4±0.4), 11 obese PreHTN (38±2 yrs., BMI 33.6±0.8) and 14 obese HTN (40±1 yrs., BMI 33.8±0.7). As expected, baseline supine systolic BP (SBP) was higher in PreHTN and HTN compared to NTN (P
Effects of UV irradiation on selected pathogens in peptone water and on stainless steel and chicken meat.

Effects of intensity and processing time of 254 nm UV irradiation on Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium were investigated. Intensities measured at 5.08, 10.1, 15.2, and 20.3 cm from the light source were 1,000, 500, 250, and 150 μW/cm2, respectively. Intensities of 250 or 500 μW/cm2 reduced all suspended pathogen cells in peptone water about 5 log cycles after 2 min and completely inactivated L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 after 3 min by reductions of 8.39 and 8.64 log cycles, respectively. Intensities of 250 or 500 μW/cm2 also reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the tested pathogens inoculated on stainless steel (SS) chips, and E. coli O157:H7 was completely destroyed at 500 μW/cm2 for 3 min. After UV treatment for 3 min at 500 μW/cm2, all selected pathogens on chicken meat with or without skin showed reduction ranges from 0.36 to 1.28 log cycles. Results demonstrated that UV irradiation could effectively decrease pathogens in peptone water and on SS but that it was less e...
Low dose suramin as a chemosensitizer in patients: pharmacokinetics, identification and validation of a dosing nomogram

3990 We reported that acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors induced broad-spectrum chemoresistance and that suramin, a nonspecific inhibitor, produced chemosensitization in animals when given at low doses yielding nontoxic concentrations of between 10-50 μM. This study was to identify in patients the suramin dose to yield these target plasma concentrations over 48 hr when the chemotherapeutic agents are present at therapeutically significant levels. Nonsmall cell lung cancer patients were given, sequentially, infusions of suramin, paclitaxel (175-200 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area-under-concentration-time-curve, AUC of 6 mg*min/ml), every 3 weeks. The starting suramin dose was estimated based on the previous pharmacokinetic results on high dose suramin used to maintain 100-200 μM concentrations, and subsequently adjusted using real-time pharmacokinetic results. Data of phase I patients were used to establish dosing equations and nomograms. The performance of the nomograms was evaluated in phase II patients. Low dose suramin showed a terminal half-life of 202 hr, a steady state volume of distribution of 8.45 L/m2, and a total body clearance of 0.029 L/hr/m2. This clearance was significantly higher than the clearance (0.013 L/hr/m2) reported for high dose suramin. Population-based analysis of the pharmacokinetic data in phase I patients identified gender and body surface area as the covariates of inter-subject variability in suramin pharmacokinetics. Equations and nomograms were developed to calculate the suramin dose based on these covariates and, to compensate for the significant residual plasma concentrations at later treatments, the time elapsed since the previous dose. The dosing nomogram was adopted for the phase II study, which showed attainment of target concentrations in >95% of treatments. The pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel was comparable to the literature data attained in the absence of suramin. AUC of carboplatin was 6.4 mg-min/ml. In vitro plasma protein binding studies showed insignificant displacement between paclitaxel and suramin. The phase II results showed an insignificant gender-related difference in suramin clearance. Accordingly, the gender-related parameter was eliminated from the final nomogram. The present study identified and validated, in patients, the dosing nomogram and schedule to deliver low and nontoxic suramin concentrations that produce chemosensitization in preclinical models. The data further indicate nonlinear disposition of suramin in patients and no significant pharmacokinetic interaction among suramin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin.
Integrated process planning and supply chain configuration for commodity assemblies using petri nets

We present a methodology for integrated process planning and supply chain configuration for commodity assemblies. Although the supply chain configuration problem for commodity assemblies is relatively straightforward using math programming, developing a commodity-dependent math program with precedence constraints can be a very daunting and time-consuming process. We use Petri net techniques to support the development of such a math program. Our modeling approach is based on a series of stepwise Petri net transformations that transform the Petri net model of the assembly process into a supply chain configuration representation. We use the matrix representation as a basis for the integer program formulation. We present a small example commodity from the automotive industry to illustrate the proposed methodology.
Intracellular Expression of a Single-Chain Antibody Directed against Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Oncoprotein Achieves Targeted Antineoplastic Effects

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E7 is a viral oncoprotein that is believed to play a major role in cervical neoplasia. Anti-HPV16 E7 intracellular single-chain antibodies (scFvs) were constructed to down-regulate HPV16 E7 oncoprotein in HPV DNA-containing cell lines. In these studies, we transfected anti-E7 scFvs into the HPV16-positive human cervical carcinoma cell lines CaSki and SiHa and tested them for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation and alter the level of HPV16 E7 oncoprotein. Our results showed that anti-HPV16 E7 scFvs inhibited cell proliferation by >85% in CaSki cells and by 95% in SiHa cells. E7 oncoprotein was down-regulated by anti-HPV16 E7 scFv, and its expression was inversely related to the amount of scFv transfected. However, there were no effects of transfecting scFvs alone in HPV-negative cell lines. These results imply that anti-HPV16 E7 scFvs only have specific anti-HPV16 E7 effects on cell proliferation and on the synthesis of virally encoded proteins in HPV-positive cell lines. Thus, transfection of HPV16 E7-positive tumors with antigen-specific scFvs may be a viable strategy for cervical cancer gene therapy.
A 1.8 V, 2.0 ns cycle, 32 KB embedded memory with interleaved castout/reload

This paper describes the key circuit features of the 32 KB data cache memory embedded in the first AltiVec/sup TM/ enhanced PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessor. The memory array implements a castout/reload scheme that allows both a read and a write operation within a single machine cycle which greatly increases cache bandwidth. A newly implemented vector alignment multiplexer supports the additional vector instructions. The design incorporates self-resetting and dynamic circuit techniques to achieve a cycle time of less than 2.0 ns fabricated in a 1.8-volt, 0.2 /spl mu/m, 6-layer copper CMOS process.
Electrode kinetics, equivalent circuits, and system characterization: Small-signal conditions

Abstract The small-signal steady-state response around the point of zero charge of an electrode/material system is examined for an unsupported electrolyte (material) with two species of charge carrier of arbitrary mobilities and valence numbers and with arbitrary intrinsic/extrinsic conduction character, taking full account of bulk, electrode reaction, sequential adsorption, and diffusion processes. The exact solution of the transport equations of the problem for generalized Chang-Jaffe single-point boundary conditions is compared with the responses of a variety of plausible equivalent circuits, using a complex least squares fitting technique. A hierarchical circuit is found which closely reproduces the exact results when charge of one sign is completely blocked without adsorption, except for some of the cases in which diffusion and reaction effects interfere with each other. The circuit is composed of frequency-independent lumped capacitances and resistances separately identified with bulk, reaction, and adsorption/reaction processes and a single, finite-length, Warburg-like impedance for diffusion effects. Relations between the circuit elements and microscopic electrode/material parameters are found and apply irrespective of the time-frequency overlap between bulk, reaction, and adsorption processes. It is also found that the reaction and adsorption resistances and the adsorption capacitance are all strongly interrelated. The circuit may be used with simultaneous non-linear least squares fitting of the real and imaginary parts of experimental impedance data to obtain estimates of the values of circuit elements and thus of the values of the microscopic parameters characterizing the electrode/material system. The relationship of small-signal response for overpotential-dependent electrode kinetics to that obtained for Chang-Jaffe boundary conditions is then considered. The reaction resistance and adsorption capacitance are found to be formally identical for Butler-Volmer (or Butler-Volmer-like) and Chang-Jaffe conditions. In the d.c. limit these quantities are unchanged, for the boundary conditions just mentioned, when a supporting electrolyte is added. A transformation of variables method is described which permits one to determine the smallsignal impedance of an electrode/material system with general overpotential-dependent firstorder electrode reaction kinetics from a compact-layer model for the small-signal overpotential and the small-signal response obtained for Chang-Jaffe boundary conditions. Exact impedance results are given for the case of a single species of mobile charge carrier. Analysis of this case indicates that the overpotential dependence of the boundary conditions has negligible effect on the small-signal response unless the cell is of microscopic thickness or the Debye length is comparable to the compact layer thickness and the electrode reaction is slow.
The 2004 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry presented to Harry B. Gray

Abstract The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, awarded the 2004 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry to Harry B. Gray for his pioneering contributions in the field of electron transfer in metalloproteins. In a series of elegant and challenging experiments beginning in the late 70s, Gray and his coworkers have shown that the transfer of electrons in metalloproteins can proceed over long distances (~ 20 A) and at fast rates. These experiments have involved the regiospecific functionalization of structurally characterized electron transfer proteins with ruthenium complexes, coupled with laser excitation and transient spectroscopy. Probing the effects of thermodynamic driving force, temperature, donor–acceptor distance and electronic coupling, Gray has shaped our detailed current understanding of the principles governing biological electron flow. The mechanism of electron transfer has been identified as electron tunneling mediated by the molecules separating donor and acceptor. Tunneling timetables have been established for various intervening media. Important biological processes like respiration and photosynthesis depend on facile electron transfer, and Gray's contribution serves as the fundamental basis for understanding these and many related reactions.
Dichloroacetate Enhanced Myocardial Functional Recovery Post-ischemia: ATP and NADH Recovery

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the effect of dichloroacetate (DCA) on myocardial functional and metabolic recovery following global ischemia. Isolated rabbit hearts were subjected to 120 min of mildly hypothermic (34°C), cardioplegic arrest with multidose, modified St. Thomas’ cardioplegia. Hearts were reperfused with either physiologic salt solution (PSS) as controls, (CON,n= 10) or PSS containing DCA (DCA,n= 6) at a concentration of 1 mM.Functional and metabolic indices were determined at baseline and at 15, 30, and 45 min of reperfusion. In four DCA and four CON hearts, myocardial biopsies were taken at baseline, end-ischemia, 15 and 45 min for nucleotide levels. Functional recovery was significantly better in hearts reperfused with DCA as demonstrated by recovery of baseline developed pressure (DCA = 69 ± 5%, CON = 45 ± 9%) and dP/dt (DCA = 64% ± 10% versus CON = 48% ± 10%). Coronary blood flow was not different between groups either at baseline or during reperfusion, but myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was increased in the DCA versus CON hearts (79% ± 20% of baseline vs 50% ± 18%). Recovery of myocardial adenylate energy status was improved in the DCA versus CON hearts (ATP recovered to 45% ± 20% versus 8% ± 6% of baseline). Coronary sinus lactate concentration was decreased in DCA perfused hearts at 45 min of reperfusion. Percent of baseline NADH values was similar at 15 min of reperfusion, but at 45 min, DCA hearts showed a decrease in NADH levels, while CON hearts showed an increase (DCA = 48%; CON = 121%). The enhanced myocardial function and improved metabolic status noted with DCA may result from increased oxidative phosphorylation due to altered pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity.
Transcriptional Repression from the c-myc P2 Promoter by the Zinc Finger Protein ZF87/MAZ

ZF87/MAZ is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that was cloned based on its ability to bind to a site within the c-myc P2 promoter. However, its role in the control of c-myc transcription has not yet been well established. Here we have analyzed the effect of ZF87/MAZ overexpression on transcription from the murine c-myc P2 promoter. It was found that when overexpressed in COS cells, ZF87/MAZ significantly represses transcription from P2. The repression is mediated through the ME1a2 element, located at position -86 relative to the P2 transcriptional start site, and is not mediated through either the E2F or the ME1a1 sites. ZF87/MAZ functions as a true transcriptional repressor since it can repress transcription independently of the c-myc promoter, as part of a fusion with the GAL4 protein. The repressive domain within ZF87/MAZ is located in the amino-terminal half of the protein, a region rich in proline and alanine residues. ZF87/MAZ therefore shares features (i.e. a Pro/Ala-rich region) with those of known transcriptional repressor proteins.
Differences in analyst's attitudes towards information systems development: evidence and implications

Abstract Many studies have concluded that one of the causes of systems development failures is that systems professionals have a technical orientation, lack knowledge of human needs and motivation, and are machine oriented. This paper presents evidence that systems analysts attitudes vary considerably and although some of them have a technical orientation, others emphasize the behavioral and socio-political aspects of development. Q-methodology was used to study the attitudes of thirty analysts with varying backgrounds from eight different organizations. Three groups of analysts emerged, each with a distinct attitude. One group is characterized by its emphasis on user needs and is less concerned with the technical aspects of systems development. Another group is characterized by its emphasis on the technical aspects of systems development and project management issues. A third group is characterized by its emphasis on the socio-political aspects of systems development. The study also attempted to find similarities in the backgrounds and experience of analysts with similar attitudes. The implications of these findings for information systems management are discussed.
Synergistic Thermal-Moisture Damage Mechanisms of Epoxies and Their Carbon Fiber Composites

Experiments were conducted measuring the changes in weight of neat epoxy resins and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites during immersion in distilled water in temperature range from 0.5°C to 80°C. From the weight change data, the values of maximum moisture contents and diffusion coefficients were determined. Systematic studies were carried out on the "reverse thermal effect" for both neat resin and composite. A critical temperature was observed below which the materials exhibit normal behavior (the rate of absorption of water into epoxy resin increases with increasing temperature) and once the materials saturated with water at temperatures above it, the reversibility of reverse thermal effect was observed. A possible mechanism involving moisture-induced elastic cavities is suggested to explain the effect. The effects of water on Tg, thermal expan sion and yield stress of neat epoxy resin were studied.
Vibrational two-photon resonance linewidths in liquid media

Abstract An extension of the J -diffusion description of rotational motion is developed for the contribution of the rotation-vibration interaction to the linewidths and lineshapes of polarized vibrational Raman scattering, two-photon absorption and two-photon-resonant four-wave mixing processes in liquid media. In the motional narrowing limit, which is appropriate for many molecular liquids, a simple expression is derived for the linewidth involving only known spectroscopic constants and a rotational correlation time which can be deduced from infrared or depolarized Raman scattering measurements. Comparison with experimental results for liquid N 2 , O 2 and CO indicate that this process contributes significantly to the observed linewidths.
Structure of Aluminum Hydroxide Gel I: Initial Precipitate

The initial aluminum hydroxide gel precipitate resulting from the reaction of aluminum chloride or aluminum sulfate with ammonium hydroxide is shown by potentiometric titration, chemical analysis, and the ratio of bound hydroxide to aluminum to fit a polymer model described previously. The formation of polynuclear hydroxyaluminum particles is treated as a stepwise process involving a deprotonation-dehydration mechanism, which results in the formation of six-membered rings; these rings may further coalesce by the same mechanism. The aluminum hydroxide gel precipitated from aluminum chloride can be represented by the formula Al(OH)2.55(Cl)0.45 and probably exists as a polymer of 10 fused six-membered rings. The aluminum hydroxide gel precipitated from aluminum sulfate can be represented by the formula Al(OH)2.30(SO4)0.35. This species probably exists as a polymer of three fused six-membered rings.
Relation of automatic postural responses and reaction-time voluntary movements of human leg muscles

This study contrasts the properties of compensatory postural adjustments in response to movements of the support surface with those of reaction-time voluntary movements in human subjects. Subjects stood upon a six degrees-of-freedom movable platform and performed tone and movement-triggered voluntary sways about the ankle joints both under conditions of postural stability and instability. These triggered movements could be executed as rapidly as postural adjustments to support surface perturbations (80–120 ms), but only when the former were well practiced, single-choice (direction) and were performed under conditions of postural stability. Evaluation of the properties of postural adjustments and reaction-time voluntary movements revealed a number of clear organizational differences between the two categories of movement, but most interesting was the finding that, when reaction-time movements were triggered by or at the onset of platform movement, the postural adjustment always occurred first. Only when subjects were given a tone trigger 50 ms in advance of platform movement were they able to execute the reaction-time movement first. We found that the dichotomous voluntary/reflexive classification of movements was not consistent with all of the identified properties of postural adjustments and reaction-time movements. Instead, we find a system which classifies movements by function, as either stabilizating or orientational adjustments, to be more useful. In the context of whole-body movement then, intentional focal components would be closely associated with others directed towards postural stabilization.
Peripheral vasopressin but not oxytocin relates to severity of acute psychosis in women with acutely-ill untreated first-episode psychosis.

Abstract Background In women with chronic schizophrenia, higher levels of peripheral oxytocin have been associated with lower levels of positive but not negative symptoms. Sex-specific associations between endogenous levels of oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) with clinical symptoms and cognition in untreated early course patients have not been examined. Method Clinical ratings and neuropsychological testing were performed in thirty-eight acutely ill, unmedicated first-episode schizophrenia patients (14 women, 24 men). Serum hormone assays were obtained in patients and thirty-eight demographically similar healthy controls. Results Patients demonstrated increased AVP levels compared to controls (p = 0.01). Higher AVP levels were associated with greater positive symptoms (r = 0.58, p = 0.03) and worse verbal learning (r = − 0.63, p = 0.02) in female, but not male, patients. OT levels did not statistically differ between patients and controls, and were unrelated to clinical symptoms or cognition in patients. Conclusion Results suggest an association of endogenous AVP with increased positive symptom severity and worse cognition in untreated female, but not male, schizophrenia patients. Findings support the role of neuroendocrine alterations in acute psychosis and the importance of examining sex-specific neuroendocrine alterations early in the course of schizophrenia.
Late Pleistocene Palaeoenvironments of the Southern Lake Agassiz Basin, USA

Macroscopic plant remains, pollen, insect and mollusc fossils recovered from a cut bank on the Red River in North Dakota, USA, provide evidence that an extensive wetland occupied the southern basin of Lake Agassiz from 10 230 to 9900 14 C yr BP. Marsh-dwelling plants and inver- tebrates had colonised the surface of a prograding delta during the low-water Moorhead Phase of Lake Agassiz. A species of Salix (willow) was abundant along distributary channels, and stands of Populus tremuloides (aspen), Ulmus sp. (elm), Betula sp. (birch), and Picea sp. (spruce) grew on the better-drained sand bars and beach ridges. Most of the species of plants, insects, and molluscs represented as fossils are within their existing geographic ranges. Based on a few species with more northerly distributions, mean summer temperature may have been about 1-2 � C lower than the pre- sent day. No change in species composition occurred in the transition from the Younger Dryas to Preboreal. At the time that the wetland existed, Lake Agassiz was draining either eastward to the North Atlantic Ocean or northwestward to the Arctic Ocean. The wetland was drowned during the Emerson Phase transgression that resulted in meltwater draining southward to the Gulf of Mexico after 9900 14 C yr BP. Copyright 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Compression Cholecystogastric and Cholecystojejunal Anastomoses in Swine after Peroral and Surgical Introduction of Magnets

Purpose To assess the efficacy of rare-earth magnets for creating a cholecystogastrostomy (CG) or cholecystojejunostomy (CJ) in nine swine. Materials and Methods Neodymium-iron-boron magnets or rare-earth cobalt magnets of various configuration and strength were coupled in pairs to form four CGs and five CJs. Magnets were implanted surgically in the gallbladder and jejunum, and perorally in the stomach. Gross and histologic examinations of anastomoses were performed 8–16 days later. Results All anastomoses showed good adhesion with no leakage and minimal inflammation. Anastomoses were fully patent in four CJs and one CG (mean, 12 days), partially patent in one CJ and one CG (mean, 15 days), and not patent in two CGs. Best results were noted with jacketed disc magnets with cutting rims and a 400–600-g pull. The rare-earth magnets were significantly weakened by gas sterilization in the first four CG experiments. Two of four magnets used in CJ were retained despite a fully patent anastomosis. Conclusion Leak-free patent or partially patent cholecystenteric anastomoses were created by magnet compression in 9–16 days. This technique may have clinical interventional applications.
Right ventricular enlargement mimicking electrocardiographic left ventricular pacing

Electrocardiographic right bundle branch block morphology during cardiac pacing is occasionally the result of accidental placement of pacemaker or defibrillator leads into the left ventricle. Inadvertent lead placement in the left heart is associated with a risk of systemic embolism. Previous authors have attempted to define safe (right ventricular origin) and unsafe (left ventricular origin) patterns of right bundle branch block during pacing. We report a case of a patient with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and a correctly positioned pacemaker-defibrillator lead in the right ventricular apex, who meets electrocardiographic criteria for lead implantation into the left ventricle.
The flying-spot monochromatic ultra-violet television microscope.

ATTENTION has been directed by Young and Roberts1 to the advantages of utilizing the flying-spot technique for the production of absorption images of living cells at 2600 A. These advantages are the immediate visual presentation of the image and a great reduction in the amount of ultra-violet radiation necessary for the production of the image, the latter advantage being due to the much greater quantum efficiency of photocathodes over photographic emulsions.
MLK3 is critical for breast cancer cell migration and promotes a malignant phenotype in mammary epithelial cells

The malignant phenotype in breast cancer is driven by aberrant signal transduction pathways. Mixed-lineage kinase-3 (MLK3) is a mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) that activates multiple MAPK pathways. Depending on the cellular context, MLK3 has been implicated in apoptosis, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Here we investigated the effect of MLK3 and its signaling to MAPKs in the acquisition of malignancy in breast cancer. We show that MLK3 is highly expressed in breast cancer cells. We provide evidence that MLK3's catalytic activity and signaling to c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is required for migration of highly invasive breast cancer cells and for MLK3-induced migration of mammary epithelial cells. Expression of active MLK3 is sufficient to induce the invasion of mammary epithelial cells, which requires AP-1 activity and is accompanied by the expression of several proteins corresponding to AP-1-regulated invasion genes. To assess MLK3's contribution to the breast cancer malignant phenotype in a more physiological setting, we implemented a strategy to inducibly express active MLK3 in the preformed acini of MCF10A cells grown in 3D Matrigel. Induction of MLK3 expression dramatically increases acinar size and modestly perturbs apicobasal polarity. Remarkably, MLK3 expression induces luminal repopulation and suppresses the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BimEL, as has been observed in Her2/Neu-expressing acini. Taken together, our data show that MLK3-JNK-AP-1 signaling is critical for breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Our current study uncovers both a proliferative and novel antiapoptotic role for MLK3 in the acquisition of a malignant phenotype in mammary epithelial cells. Thus, MLK3 may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of invasive breast cancer.
Differential Operators of Infinite Order and the Distribution of Zeros of Entire Functions

whenever the right-hand side of (1.2) represents an analytic function in a neighborhood of the origin. When φ(x) is an entire function, the operator φ(D) has been studied by several authors (see, for example, [5, §11], [19, Chapter IX], [22] and [32]). The conjecture of Polya and Wiman, proved in [8], [9] and [17], states that if f(x) ∈ L-P∗, then Df(x) is in the Laguerre-Polya class for all sufficiently large positive integers m. In this paper, we analyze the more general situation when D is replaced by the operator φ(D). In Section 2, we consider real power series with zero linear term (i.e., α1 = 0 in (1.1)) and α0α2 < 0, and show that if f(x) is any real polynomial, then [φ(D)]f(x) ∈ L-P for all sufficiently large positive integers m (Theorem 2.4). If the linear term in (1.1) is nonzero,
Covering properties on X2⧹Δ, W-sets, and compact subsets of Σ-products

Abstract Let Δ ⊂ X 1 be the diagonal. In the first part of this paper, we show that a compact space X is Corson compact (resp., Eberlein compact; compact metric) if and only if X 2 ⧹ Δ is metalindelof (resp., σ-metacompact; paracompact). In the second part of the paper, we investigate the notion of a W-set in a space X , which is defined in terms of an infinite game. We show that a compact space X is Corson compact if and only if X has a W-set diagonal, and that a compact scattered space X is strong Eberlein compact if and only if each point of X is a W-set in X .
Introduction: Education and the New Scholarship on John Dewey

A new scholarship on John Dewey has emerged among academic philosophers in the last decade. Many of these essays are by those philosophers most responsible for creating this new scholarship. Contributors to this volume are distributed evenly between philosophy department faculty and philosophers in colleges of education. Many on both faculties have experienced the frustration of trying to convince their colleagues that they often seriously misunderstand and misapply Dewey, or that he has anything to say to the so-called postmodern age. This is the first collection to bring together the philosophers that have framed the new scholarship with Deweyan scholars in schools of education eager to evaluate, extend, and apply it. The result is what I call “Education and the New Scholarship on John Dewey.”