cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central sleep apnea induced by acute ingestion of opioids.

Objectives Three cases are presented in which patients were using opioids as required for nonmalignant pain management and significant central sleep apnea developed. Patients in the first two cases had no evidence of sleep-related breathing disorders on polysomnography until they ingested an opioid for treatment of chronic pain during the night and severe central sleep apnea developed. The patient in our third case had established obstructive sleep apnea but experienced a significant number of central events after the ingestion of an opioid analgesic, leading to worsening severity of his underlying sleep-related breathing disorder. Conclusion The short-term ingestion of opioid analgesics can precipitate central sleep apnea in patients with chronic pain receiving long-term opiate therapy who otherwise show no evidence of central sleep apnea and have no cardiac or neurologic disease that would predispose them to central sleep apnea.
Potentiation of bradykinin by a liver extract.

Abstract A commercial porcine liver extract, Kutapressin, was shown to potentiate in vitro the contraction of guinea pig ileum induced by bradykinin but not that by histamine or serotonin. The potentiation of bradykinin was not due to thiol compounds or to free amino acids and was destroyed by acid hydrolysis. It also potentiated in vivo bradykinin-induced capillary permeability.
Comparison of photoconductive antenna performance on LT-GaAs and SI-GaAs substrates

In this work, butterfly shaped photoconductive antennas (PCAs) on low-temperature grown (LT) GaAs and semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrate as terahertz (THz) emitters are experimentally characterized and compared. Dependences of the THz radiated field on the applied DC bias voltage and laser pump power are compared. Quadratic DC bias dependence is seen for SI-GaAs PCA compared to a linear dependence for LT-GaAs PCA. Scaling rule can be applied to the laser power dependence to fit the measurement data and the saturation can be attributed to the screening effect. Studies of material property influence on THz radiated power allow exploration of ways to enhance PCA performance.
Applying Function-Based Failure Propagation in Conceptual Design

When designing a product, the earlier the potential risks can be identified, the more costs can be saved, as it is easier to modify a design in its early stages. Several methods exist to analyze the risk in a system, but all require a mature design. However, by applying the concept of “common interfaces” to a functional model and utilizing a historical knowledge base, it is possible to analyze chains of failures during the conceptual phase of product design. This paper presents a method based on these “common interfaces” to be used in conjunction with other methods such as Risk in Early Design in order to allow a more complete risk analysis during the conceptual design phase. Finally, application of this method is demonstrated in a design setting by applying it to a thermal control subsystem.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Quasi-isothermal superfluid film oscillations☆

Abstract We have made a study of the damping and frequency of superfluid film oscillations between two reservoirs. We find no evidence of the frequency shift and decay constant peaking reported by others.
Application of an established diploid Microtus agrestis cell line as a model for the understanding of mammalian heterochromatin

Abstract A diploid cell line from a male embryo of Microtus agrestis has been established. The culture techniques and pertinent morphological and molecular characteristics of the cell line are described. The cells have been in culture for 130 passages and maintain a normal diploid karyotype as judged by the standard and G banding chromosome techniques. The two giant sex chromosomes are visualized in interphase as two long heterochromatic fibers and the study of the repetitive DNA content of total chromatin, constitutive heterochromatin and euchromatin yielded similar results to those previously found in this laboratory for liver and brain of the same species. The use of this cell line as a model for the understanding of mammalian heterochromatin and for the localization of the site of integration of oncogenic viruses in a specific chromatin fraction is discussed.
An Avoidable Tragedy at the Sea Cliff (Rincon) Oil Field

Three men were killed and four others were injured during a well drill operation on Hobson Well C-10A in the Sea Cliff Oil Field (also known as Rincon Oil Field), in Ventura County, California, United States, on August 10, 1994, as a result of errors made by the work supervisors at the site. The oil field was under management by Vintage Petroleum, Ltd., which was sued for negligence by the families of the deceased and injured. The coroner's autopsy examination concluded that the cause of the deaths was due to the inhalation of the toxic gas carbon monoxide (CO). This gas was assumed to have been released from the firing of high-energy guns (HEGs) using carbon-rich explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) in an oxygen-depleted environment, during a fracking operation by Schlumberger Corporation on Well C-10A. The author of this article was appointed as an expert witness by Schlumberger to evaluate if the coroner's conclusion was correct. A series of chemical analytical analyses were conducted on the v...
The Structure of a Small, Intense Hurricane—Inez 1966

Abstract This is the third in a series of articles about hurricane structure and budgets. The two preceding articles, LeSeur and Hawkins (1963), and Hawkins and Rubsam (1968), dealt with a weak and a moderate hurricane (respectively). Hurricane Inez is described here in a very small, intense state and, as such, deserves its own place in the hierarchy of models. It is strongly recommended that the previous articles be kept available for comparison. On 28 September when the storm was most intense, the inflow layer appeared to extend no higher the 750 mb level. Budgets constructed for this layer suggested (when taken with other data) a nonlinear relationship between the drag coefficient and the wind speed, moisture convergence in the inflow layer led to postulated rainfall rates ranging from 0.15 in h−1 in the 40 to 50 n mi annulus to 1.9 in h−1 in the 0 to 10 n mi circle. Bowen ratios ranged from 0.11 to 0.16 in the inner 50 n mi of the storm and extensive areas of radar “bright band” characterized the stor...
Excitation-Energy Dependence of Photoluminescence Bandwidth in a - As 2 S 3 : Observation of the Mobility Gap?

A new optical system incorporating a fast Ge photodiode has made possible the first measurements at short times of the low-energy side of the photoluminescence spectrum of $a$-${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$. Two photoluminescence processes are separated by their dependence on excitation energy, ${E}_{x}$. A number of observations suggest that the first step in the high-${E}_{x}$ process is the creation of delocalized excitations. The abrupt onset of this process leads to the intimation that it arises from transitions across the mobility gap.
Expression of Phox2 transcription factors and induction of the dopaminergic phenotype in primary sensory neurons.

Abstract Cell-type-specific transcription factors may regulate phenotypic diversity by conferring selective responsiveness to relatively nonspecific environmental cues. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the homeodomain transcription factors Phox2a/2b play a role in activity-dependent expression of the dopaminergic phenotype using petrosal ganglion (PG) sensory neurons as a model. The timing of Phox2a/2b expression is precisely correlated with the ability of PG neurons to express the dopamine-synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in response to depolarizing stimuli. Phox2a/2b expression is highest at embryonic day 16.5, when virtually all PG neurons exhibit activity-dependent TH induction, and subsequently falls in parallel with the loss of activity-dependent TH induction. Expression is maintained, however, in all dopaminergic neurons. Physiologic stimulation of PG neurons in vivo induces TH expression exclusively in Phox2a/2b + cells. Our data suggest that constitutive expression of Phox2a/2b defines the potential of neurons to become dopaminergic in response to membrane depolarization during a critical window of phenotypic plasticity.
Elder abuse and neglect: what physicians can and should do

Although reports of elder abuse to official agencies have been steadily increasing, physicians report only 2% of reported cases. Multiple barriers to reporting exist. This article reviews the terminology, epidemiology, and clinical signs associated with elder abuse in the community and offers practical strategies for intervention.
360-Degree Visual Detection and Target Tracking on an Autonomous Surface Vehicle

This paper describes perception and planning systems of an autonomous sea surface vehicle (ASV) whose goal is to detect and track other vessels at medium to long ranges and execute responses to determine whether the vessel is adversarial. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has developed a tightly integrated system called CARACaS (Control Architecture for Robotic Agent Command and Sensing) that blends the sensing, planning, and behavior autonomy necessary for such missions. Two patrol scenarios are addressed here: one in which the ASV patrols a large harbor region and checks for vessels near a fixed asset on each pass and one in which the ASV circles a fixed asset and intercepts approaching vessels. This paper focuses on the ASV's central perception and situation awareness system, dubbed Surface Autonomous Visual Analysis and Tracking (SAVAnT), which receives images from an omnidirectional camera head, identifies objects of interest in these images, and probabilistically tracks the objects' presence over time, even as they may exist outside of the vehicle's sensor range. The integrated CARACaS/SAVAnT system has been implemented on U.S. Navy experimental ASVs and tested in on-water field demonstrations.
Dynamic modeling for the process of inducing and induced voltage surges due to lightning

Abstract The paper undertakes the task of developing a comprehensive analytical picture centered around dynamic modeling for the phenomenon of inducing voltage, induced voltage and the corresponding associative function, with respect to the impact area of field effect. Generalized source distribution in the return channel stroke for the conductive current and in the ground surface for the convective current (which is a measure of time-varying bound charges) is central to the models developed at the field's impact area. Prior to the establishment of final models, a closed-form solution for the Helmholtz function of electromagnetic radiation is secured by mathematical transformations. Mathematical models secured at the field area are broad in their dependence on any time rate of development of sources, cloud height and power-line height, velocity of propagation of the return stroke and space location of field influence area. Inducing as well as induced voltages have been calculated for the specific case of constant conductive and convective current densities at the source.
Evidence for TRM domain wall moments

SUMMARY Multidomain ferro- and ferrimagnets carrying a thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) display a maximum in remanent magnetization just below the Curie temperature Tc when continuously demagnetized in zero field. We interpret this demagnetization peak to be indicative of the presence of TRM domain wall moments that grow in a small temperature interval (near Tc) upon heating where the domain wall volume increases at a rate faster than the decrease in spontaneous magnetization Msp. Hysteresis measurements in the vicinity of Tc on a single crystal of magnetite show that the spontaneous magnetization may be orders of magnitude smaller than the strong field magnetization measured in Ms/T curves. Micromagnetic calculations using experimentally determined Msp/T data suggest that the single domain (SD) threshold for magnetite can increase by more than an order of magnitude from room temperature to just below Tc in support of the domain wall moment model.
Analysis of mutations in the COLIA1 gene with second-order rule induction

Mutations are structural changes in DNA that can cause protein malfunction and genetic disease. This paper describes a machine learning approach to analyzing mutations associated to Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease. We apply SORCER, a second-order rule induction system to predict clinical phenotypes of OI from mutation and neighboring amino acid sequences in the COLIA1 gene. On the average, over ten 10-fold cross-validations, SORCER gives more accurate results than C4.5 with average accuracy of about 81.2%. The paper discusses the advantages and limitations of SORCER and demonstrates its use to provide initial exploration of biological sequences.
Prey and non-native fish predict the distribution of Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) in a south-western river in North America

Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius) has been extirpated from a large portion of its historical range in the Colorado River basin, USA. A repatriation effort via stocking of juvenile P. lucius in the San Juan River, NM, CO and UT has resulted in limited recruitment of individuals into an adult population. Understanding biotic and abiotic factors that limit their persistence in the Colorado River basin will be a critical step in providing for their recovery. To elucidate potential recruitment barriers in the San Juan River, we assessed relationships between the numbers of two age classes of P. lucius and prey, competitors and predators collected at a 1.6 km reach scale between 2003 and 2012. We used an information theoretical approach to rank candidate models testing the relative importance of these biotic conditions in predicting the spatial distribution of P. lucius. We found positive relationships between the numbers of P. lucius ≤200 mm total length (TL) collected and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of native prey among reaches. For P. lucius >200 mm TL (individuals that are likely completely piscivorous), we found positive associations between the numbers of P. lucius collected and CPUE of total prey and CPUE of potential non-native competitors in each reach. Our data suggest size-specific affinities of P. lucius for native and non-native prey as well as the potential for negative interactions between P. lucius and non-native competitors may contribute to limited recruitment of juvenile P. lucius into an adult population in the San Juan River.
Archaeal chromatin: Virtual or real?

As we find out more about the archaebacteria our sense of their strangeness increases, but its explanation lies in a shared ancestry, not in individually evolved idiosyncrasies. Carl Woese (1)
Densely crosslinked polymer networks of poly(ethylene glycol) in trimethylolpropane triacrylate for cell-adhesion-resistant surfaces

Densely crosslinked semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized by photopolymerizing a melt of PEG of various molecular weights and end-group functionalities in neat trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). Increasing the molecular weight of PEG in the matrix from 1000 to 100,000 g/mol reduced the advancing and receding contact angles, contact angle hysteresis, and adsorption of human fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin. Crosslinked TMPTA homonetworks supported human fibroblast adhesion in vitro, whereas the resistance to cell adhesion of the semi-IPNs depended upon PEG molecular weight: Lower molecular weight PEG reduced the number of adherent cells; higher molecular weight PEG further reduced and eliminated cell adhesion, as did networks containing acrylate-functionalized PEG. A polymer system incorporated with PEG throughout a hydrophobic, densely crosslinked matrix, rather than as a blend or surface treatment, may be particularly useful for limiting biologic interactions when bulk material properties must be independent of the solvent environment and where surface abrasion may occur.
Teaching restorative justice to education and criminal justice majors

In academia, departments in Education and Sociology/Criminal Justice are in different colleges, but professionals in these fields frequently interact, such as probation officers working in schools and teachers working in prisons. This paper describes a course that addressed a commonality of the two by focusing on Restorative Justice. The content of the course was multi-disciplinary and co-taught by two professors from these different disciplines, and students were from a wide range of majors. Not only did the course content focus on Restorative Justice, this perspective guided how the course was taught. All classes were conducted within a Circle, students participated in the creation of the syllabus, students contracted for grades, and students organized many of the discussions. Emphasis was on critical analysis of Restorative Justice practices and theories. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations were provided as well as reflections by the teachers.
Mechanical Function and Palmitate Oxidation with Oxygen Supply-Demand Mismatch in Neonatal Pig Hearts ♦ 145

Understanding mechanical and metabolic performance in neonatal hearts with oxygen (O2) supply-demand mismatch is an important clinical problem. Hearts from pigs (<3d, N=16), were subjected to hypoxia (H, ↓ O2 supply) or tachycardia (T, ↑ O2 demand), but with a comparable O2 supply/demand ratio. Isolated, paced, isovolumically beating hearts underwent retrograde aortic perfusion at 60 mmHg with a buffer solution (95% O2 (or N2), 5% CO2) containing glucose (5.5 mM), palmitate (0.55 mM) and insulin (100 μU/ml). Since perfusion pressure was fixed, coronary flow (CF) was not compromised. Hearts were perfused during 3 consecutive 30 min periods: 1) Baseline(B), pO2 550 mmHg and HR 150 bpm; 2) H, pO2 55 mmHg and HR 150 bpm, or T, pO2 550 mmHg and HR 300 bpm and 3) Recovery (R). Developed pressure (ΔP), CF, palmitate oxidation (POx, 14C-palmitate to 14CO2) and lactate release (LR) were studied. POx was referenced to contractile activity(ΔP × HR) to assess oxidative efficiency. During B, H and R: ΔP was 118±5, 37±3* and 77±4* ** mmHg; CF was 36±2, 69±5* and 42±4 ml/min/g and POx was 358±19, 28±0.2* and 326±25* ** nmol/min/g, respectively. During B, T and R: ΔP was 124±7, 77±5* and 103±5* ** mmHg; CF was 37±2, 41±3 and 40±4 ml/min/g; and POx was 332±35, 502±54* and 419±31* ** nmol/min/g, respectively. LR increased ≅14-fold during H and≅2-fold with T; then returned to B duringR. Fig shows (POx)103/(ΔP × HR). In conclusion, neonatal hearts subjected to O2 mismatch exhibit: I) Improved recovery of contractile function after T vs. H and 2) Accelerated POx relative to contractile activity after T and H, suggesting a dissociation between these measures of mechanical and metabolic performance.
Measurement of atomic-hydrogen diffusion in helium.

The diffusion constant of atomic hydrogen in helium gas, D/sub 0/(H-He), was measured with use of an optical-pumping--spin-exchange technique. Atomic hydrogen was produced by an inductive discharge in spherical Pyrex cells containing helium and small amounts of molecular hydrogen (<2%) and rubidium. The rubidium was optically pumped by a vapor lamp and the hydrogen was polarized by subsequent spin-exchange collisions. The decay rate of the hydrogen concentration was obtained from the observed time dependence of the hydrogen Zeeman signal and the diffusion constant was determined by measuring the decay rate in cells of different radius and helium pressure. D/sub 0/(H-He) was found to be 2.42(7) cm/sup 2/ sec/sup -1/ at 60 /sup 0/C, which may be extrapolated to 1.70(5) cm/sup 2/ sec/sup -1/ at 0 /sup 0/C. This result is significantly more accurate and more consistent with theoretical calculations than the results of previous experiments.
Time course and task dependence of emotion effects in word processing

The emotional content of stimuli influences cognitive performance. In two experiments, we investigated the time course and mechanisms of emotional influences on visual word processing in various tasks by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The stimuli were verbs of positive, negative, and neutral valence. In Experiment 1, where lexical decisions had to be performed on single verbs, both positive and negative verbs were processed more quickly than neutral verbs and elicited a distinct ERP component, starting around 370 msec. In Experiment 2, the verbs were embedded in a semantic context provided by single nouns. Likewise, structural, lexical, and semantic decisions for positive verbs were accelerated, and an ERP effect with a scalp distribution comparable to that in Experiment 1 now started about 200 msec earlier. These effects may signal an automatic allocation of attentional resources to emotionally arousing words, since they were not modulated by different task demands. In contrast, a later ERP effect of emotion was restricted to lexical and semantic decisions and, thus, appears to indicate more elaborated, task-dependent processing of emotional words.
Teaching evidence-based integrative medicine: description of a model programme

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Surgical management of lesions of the sphenoid lateral recess.

BACKGROUND Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus occasionally includes an extensive lateral recess creating an area beneath the temporal lobe that is relatively inaccessible to surgical intervention. Pathology in this anatomic location presents special surgical and therapeutic challenges. Recently, several authors have described the endoscopic transpterygopalatine fossa approach to this anatomic region. This approach is associated with minimal morbidity while providing direct endoscopic surgical access for managing a variety of disease processes in this region. METHODS This study presents eight cases requiring this approach or a modification of this approach. Six patients presented with temporal lobe meningoencephaloceles with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Each case was managed successfully through this surgical approach. RESULTS One patient experienced transient postoperative palatal anesthesia due to injury to the greater palatine nerve and another complained of ipsilateral dry eye postoperatively. Two other patients had neoplasms (inverting papilloma and chondrosarcoma), which were successfully addressed through this technique. There were no postoperative complications in these patients. CONCLUSION We have previously described the relationships of neural and vascular structures in this anatomic region. This article will review these relationships as they pertain to this surgical approach and will discuss the indications, techniques, and surgical outcomes in this series of patients. This approach is a valuable addition to the endoscopic armamentarium of the experienced endoscopic surgeon.
Civic culture and socioeconomic development in the United States: a view from the states, 1880s-1990s

Abstract Putnam (1993) reported that the geographic distribution of civic culture in Italy has remained about the same for at least 100 years. He also found that civic culture at the turn of the century does a better job than socioeconomic development during the same period of explaining contemporary levels of civic culture and socioeconomic development. In this study, we extend the analysis of culture and development to the US states. Like Putnam, we find that civic culture is very durable, with the relative ranking of the states in terms of civic culture staying about the same over the last 100 years. Also like Putnam, we show that civic culture seems to influence socioeconomic development far more than the other way around. Taken together, the findings from Italy and the US are powerful evidence that civic culture is an important antecedent to socioeconomic development.
Using a Virtual World for Robot Planning

We are building a robot cognitive architecture that constructs a real-time virtual copy of itself and its environment, including people, and uses the model to process perceptual information and to plan its movements. This paper describes the structure of this architecture. The software components of this architecture include PhysX for the virtual world, OpenCV and the Point Cloud Library for visual processing, and the Soar cognitive architecture that controls the perceptual processing and task planning. The RS (Robot Schemas) language is implemented in Soar, providing the ability to reason about concurrency and time. This Soar/RS component controls visual processing, deciding which objects and dynamics to render into PhysX, and the degree of detail required for the task. As the robot runs, its virtual model diverges from physical reality, and errors grow. The Match-Mediated Difference component monitors these errors by comparing the visual data with corresponding data from virtual cameras, and notifies Soar/RS of significant differences, e.g. a new object that appears, or an object that changes direction unexpectedly. Soar/RS can then run PhysX much faster than real-time and search among possible future world paths to plan the robot's actions. We report experimental results in indoor environments.
Efficient, Enantioselective Assembly of Silanediol Protease Inhibitors

A five-step assembly of silicon-protected dipeptide mimics from commercially available reagents is described. This methodology makes silanediol protease inhibitors readily available for the first time. The sequence features asymmetric hydrosilylation, a novel reduction of a silyl ether to a silyllithium reagent, and addition of this dianion to a sulfinimine, to produce the complete inhibitor skeleton with full control of stereochemistry. Oxidation of the primary alcohol to an acid completes the synthesis.
Dactinomycin in the Treatment of Recurrent or Persistent Endometrial Carcinoma: A Phase II Study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group

Abstract Objectives. The search for effective systemic chemotherapy for endometrial cancer is ongoing. Complete responses to current drugs or regimens are infrequent, and overall survival for patients with disease not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy is poor. Dactinomycin has proven activity against a wide variety of solid tumors but has not been tested against endometrial cancer. Using pharmacokinetic data supporting an intermittent, single-dose schedule, this Phase II Gynecologic Oncology Group study was conducted to determine the antitumor activity and toxicity of dactinomycin in patients with persistent or recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods. Eligibility was limited to patients with measurable disease, adequate renal, hepatic, and bone marrow function, and no more than one prior chemotherapy regimen. Treatment consisted of 2 mg/m 2 slow intravenous push of dactinomycin over 15 min with courses repeated every 4 weeks. Results. A total of 27 patients were entered in this study between April 1996 and September 1996; all were evaluable for toxicity and 25 were evaluable for response. Overall, 12/25 (48%) patients had received prior radiation therapy and all had received prior chemotherapy. Sites of measurable disease were pelvis (9 patients) and distant (16 patients). There was 1 complete response and 2 partial responses for an overall objective response rate of 12%. Aside from emesis (grade 3, 2 patients; grade 4, 2 patients) significant nonhematologic toxicity was rare. The most common toxicity was neutropenia (grade 3, 2 patients; grade 4, 10 patients). Conclusion. Toxicity was deemed acceptable but the limited effectiveness of dactinomycin precludes further clinical development in this patient population.
Denoising of JPEG images using fuzzy wavelets

This paper describes a new technique for removing blocking artifacts in heavily compressed JPEG images. This technique employs fuzzy wavelets, a form of nonlinear subband decomposition, to produce an estimate of the input JPEG image at a finer spatial resolution. The interpolated image is then subsampled to obtain an output image at the original image spatial resolution with smoothed boundaries between adjacent 8 x 8 pixel JPEG blocks.
Crystal Drift Compensation in a Mobile Phone

We propose a novel method of performing frequency synchronization of local oscillator in a mobile phone to a stable reference of the base station. A free-running crystal oscillator (XO) is used instead of an expensive voltage-controlled or digitally-controlled XO. The frequency drift of the crystal is adjusted in the digital domain of the frequency synthesizer's frequency command word. The proposed techniques have been successfully implemented in a single-chip GSM transceiver realized in 90 nm CMOS
A classification of the New World species of Aster (Asteraceae)

In order effectively to list and comment on the results of cytological investigations inAster in a companion paper, a scheme of infrageneric classification is presented which utilizes the basic chromosome number as a pivotal diagnostic character. Reasons are stated as to why, with the exception ofUnamia Greene which is transferred toSolidago, and the commonly recognized generaLeucelene Greene,Machaeranthera Nees andXylorhiza Nutt., none of the segregate genera previously proposed or recorded in the literature is upheld. Instead, these taxa are being given subgeneric or sectional rank. Two additional subgenera are established to accommodate the species groups traditionally placed in “Aster proper,” which are characterized by having basic chromosome numbers ofx = 5 andx = 8, respectively. Altogether ten subgenera of the genusAster, five of them subdivided further into a total of 24 sections, are recognized as having representative species in the New World. All basionyms and type species are listed, and a number of new combinations and status changes are validated in accordance with the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. Where known (from literature and personal research), chromosome numbers are recorded for the species.
Watermelon Mosaic Virus 2 Epidemics in Florida 1967–1977

Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) incidence in selected plots within a 6-ha annual spring planting of watermelon exceeded 57% in 4 of 11 yr from 1967–77. The studies were made in an area where primary infections were limited and isolated, usually at the field edges, and epidemic development depended on events during secondary spread. Events common to the years of high incidence were the appearance of primary symptoms in Apr., leaving 43–57 days before harvest for secondary spread to occur, and primary infection upwind from noninfected plants on 48% or more of days in the 1st half of this period. Direction of aphid migration, especially early in the secondary spread period, was more important than numbers of migratory aphids.
Robot motion planning on N-dimensional star worlds among moving obstacles

Inspired by an idea of Rimon and Koditschek (1992), we develop a motion planning algorithm for a point robot traveling among moving obstacles in an N-dimensional space. The navigating point must meet a goal point at a fixed time T, while avoiding several translating, nonrotating, nonintersecting obstacles on its way. All obstacles, the goal point, and the navigating point are confined to the interior of a star-shaped set in R/sup N/ over the time interval [0, T]. Full a priori knowledge of the goal's location and of the obstacle's trajectories is assumed. We observe that the topology of the obstacle-free space is invariant in the time interval [0, T] as long as the obstacles are nonintersecting and as long as they do not cover the goal point at any time during [0, T]. Using this fact we reduce the problem, for any fixed time t/sub 0//spl isin/[0, T], to a stationary-obstacle problem, which is then solved using the method of Rimon and Koditschek. The fact that the obstacle-free space is topologically invariant allows a solution to the moving-obstacle problem over [0, T] through a continuous deformation of the stationary-obstacle solution obtained at time t/sub 0/. We construct a vector field whose flow is in fact one such deformation. We believe that ours is the first global solution to the moving-obstacle path-planning problem which uses vector fields.
The Advanced Battlefield Architecture for Tactical Information Selection (ABATIS)

Modern warfare requires the understanding and management of increasingly complex assemblages of resources. The Advanced Battlefield Architecture for Tactical Information Selection (ABATIS) is introduced. It provides a framework for testing various display strategies. Its design, which uses object-oriented and hierarchical design methodologies, is flexible and extensible. It assures that a working program can be rapidly developed for comparing alternate display strategies. The report defines an overall architecture for battlefield visualization and then focuses on a detailed design of its display layer, called the process centered display (PCD). The design is specified using the object modeling technique (OMT) notation. The complete class diagrams for the PCD are presented and an illustrative example is given.
Refinement of balancing order reduction techniques using Kessler's formula

We present a methodology using Kessler's formula that potentially improves the system order reduction techniques based on system balancing. The formula is simple and easy to use. We show how to refine the balancing order reduction techniques for single-input single-output systems by using Kessler's formula that produces the equivalent time constant of the neglected part of the system. Using Kessler's formula all the neglected stable system time constants, either fast or slow, can be approximated by only one time constant, which preserves valuable information about the neglected part of the system. The balancing truncation and residualization techniques can be improved by adding in parallel a first order equivalent fast system that approximates the neglected fast dynamics, and the reversed residualization techniques can be improved by adding in parallel a first-order slow system that approximates the neglected slow subsystem.
Can the destruction of California’s oak woodlands be prevented? Potential for biological control of the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus

The goldspotted oak borer (GSOB), Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an introduced and aggressive phloem/wood borer infesting native oaks in southern California. Elevated levels of oak mortality have occurred continually for the last nine years on three oak species in San Diego Co., California, USA. Biological control is being assessed as an option for long-term and widespread management of the invasive population of GSOB. Foreign exploration in the native ranges of GSOB and a related sibling species (Agrilus coxalis Waterhouse) was conducted to determine life history information, to assess the natural enemy complex, and to collect specimens for molecular analyses that could help to identify the area of origin of California’s introduced population. Two species of parasitoids, Calosota elongata Gibson (Eupelmidae) and Atanycolus simplex Cresson (Braconidae), were discovered with GSOB populations in Arizona and California. No insect natural enemies were found with populations of A. coxalis in southern Mexico. However, Quercus conzatti Trel. and Quercus peduncularis Nee in Oaxaca and Chiapas, respectively, were recorded as the first known hosts of A. coxalis. A comparative analysis of our understanding of the natural enemy complexes for other pestiferous Agrilus with that of GSOB suggests that more effort should be directed at uncovering potential egg parasitoids and microbial pathogens of GSOB. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) revealed that the California population of GSOB was more similar to the Arizona population. Specimens of A. coxalis from southern Mexico were confirmed as a separate species. Additional surveys and sampling are needed across the complete native range of the GSOB species complex to develop a comprehensive inventory of parasitoid species that could be considered for use in a classical biological control program in California and to delineate the area of origin of California’s population.
A Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for finding DNA sequence motifs

Discovering short DNA motifs from a set of co-regulated genes is an important step towards deciphering the complex gene regulatory networks and understanding gene functions. Despite significant improvement in the last decade, it still remains one of the most challenging problems in both computer science and molecular biology. In this work, we propose a novel motif finding algorithm based on a population-based stochastic optimization technique called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which has been shown to be effective in optimizing difficult multidimensional problems in many fields. However, PSO has mainly been applied to problems in continuous domains. The motif finding problem, which is essentially a multiple local alignment problem, is discrete, as a slight shift in one sequence completely changes the alignment. Therefore, we propose to use a word dissimilarity graph to remap the neighborhood structure of the solution space, which transforms the motif finding problem into a contiguous integer domain, and propose a modification of the naive PSO algorithm to accommodate integer variables. In order to improve efficiency, we also propose several strategies for escaping from local optima, and determining the termination criteria automatically. Experimental results on simulated challenge problems show that our method is both more efficient and more accurate than several existing algorithms. Applications to several sets of real promoter sequences also show that our approach is able to detect known transcription factor binding sites, and outperforms two of the most successful existing algorithms.
The hydrolysis of amino acyl-β-naphthylamides by plasma aminopeptidases

Abstract Historically, the study of aminopeptidase activity in mammalian systems has been directed primarily toward tissue extracts. This work culminated in the isolation and characterization of the classical leucine aminopeptidase ( Smith and Hill, 1960 ). Little attempt has been made to characterize the aminopeptidases of normal plasma and serum, and perhaps it is for this reason that the activity has been tacitly identified with tissue leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and commonly designated serum LAP. Behal et al. (1963) have chromatographically resolved the LAP activity of human blood into a number of aminopeptidase components. In this report, some distinguishing properties are described for a variety of aminopeptidases which can occur in blood plasma. The aminopeptidase activity of normal plasma could not be attributed to the presence of leucine aminopeptidase.
Xlf1 Is Required for DNA Repair by Nonhomologous End Joining in Schizosaccharomyces Pombe

The accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks is essential for cell survival and maintenance of genome integrity. Here we describe xlf1+, a gene in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe that is required for repair of double-strand breaks by nonhomologous end joining during G1 phase of the cell cycle. Xlf1 is the ortholog of budding yeast Nej1 and human XLF/Cernunnos proteins.
College students with ADHD: prescriptive concepts for best practices in career development

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the second most endorsed disability among college populations today, totaling approximately 11%. ADHD causes significant problems in education and...
The association between fetal and maternal sleep patterns in third-trimester pregnancies

Abstract Objective: We sought to investigate the association between fetal heart rate and maternal electroencephalogram patterns during overnight sleep. Study Design: Data were collected prospectively between December 1, 1999, and June 30, 2001. Initially, the participating patients were asked to complete a 66-question survey for the assessment of maternal perception of sleep quality that was referred to as the sleep disturbance score: a continuous score from 0 (no evidence of sleep disturbance) to 110 (extreme sleep disturbance). Second, a subgroup of patients was monitored overnight by concomitant fetal heart rate and maternal electroencephalogram tracings. Statistical analysis included the Student t test, χ 2 test, logistic regression, and Cramer's V contingency correlation. Results: One hundred two singleton pregnancies formed the study population. The mean sleep disturbance score was 26.7 ± 9.9. Maternal age was the only variable that correlated with sleep disturbance score. A subgroup of 11 patients was studied overnight. A significant correlation between active fetal sleep and maternal wakefulness was demonstrated in 6 patients. The mean sleep disturbance score for these patients was significantly higher than for patients without such correlation ( P =.04). Conclusion: This study establishes an association between fetal activity and maternal wakefulness, which explains many of the maternal awakenings during sleep in the third trimester. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:924-5.)
Structure and thermal stability of monomeric bacteriorhodopsin in mixed phospholipid/detergent micelles.

Thermal unfolding experiments on bacteriorhodopsin in mixed phospholipid/detergent micelles were performed. Bacteriorhodopsin was extracted from the purple membrane in a denatured state and then renatured in the micellar system. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes, if any, in the structure and stability of a membrane protein that has folded in a nonnative environment with results obtained on the native system, i.e., the purple membrane. The purple membrane crystalline lattice is an added factor that may influence the structural stability of bacteriorhodopsin. Micelles containing bacteriorhodopsin are uniformly sized disks 105 +/- 13 A in diameter (by electron microscopy) and have an estimated molecular mass of 210 kDa (by gel filtration HPLC). The near-UV CD spectra (which is indicative of tertiary structure) for micellar bacteriorhodopsin and the purple membrane are very similar. In the visible CD region of retinal absorption, the double band seen in the spectrum of the purple membrane is replaced with a broad positive band for micellar bacteriorhodopsin, indicating that in micelles, bacteriorhodopsin is monomeric. The plot of denaturational temperature vs. pH for micellar bacteriorhodopsin is displaced downward on the temperature axis, illustrating the lower thermal stability of micellar bacteriorhodopsin when compared to the purple membrane at the same pH. Even though micellar bacteriorhodopsin is less stable, similar changes in response to pH and temperature are seen in the visible absorption spectra of micellar bacteriorhodopsin and the purple membrane. This demonstrates that changes in the protonation state or temperature have a similar affect on the local environment of the chromophore and the protein conformation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital control of multiple discrete passive plants over networks

This paper provides a passivity based framework to synthesise l m 2 -stable digital control networks in which m strictly-output passive controllers can control n – m strictly-output passive plants. The communication between the plants and controllers can tolerate time varying delay and data dropouts. In particular, we introduce a power-junction-network, a general class of input-output-wave-variable-network which allows even a single controller (typically designed to control a single plant) to accurately control the output of multiple plants even if the corresponding dynamics of each plant is different. In addition to the power-junction-network we also introduce a Passive Downsampler (PDS) and Passive Upsampler (PUS) in order to further reduce networking traffic while maintaining stability and tracking properties. A detailed (soft real-time) set of examples shows the tracking performance of the networked control system.
Illustrating CPU design concepts with DLSim 3

DLSim, a GUI-based digital logic simulation program developed by Richard Salter at Oberlin College, has been used for class demonstrations and homework exercises in the Computer Organization course at Oberlin for over ten years. Until recently its use has been limited to the component of the course dealing with low-level logic design using gates and flip-flops. A new version, DLSim 3, extends those capabilities through the use of Java plug-ins, making it possible to use the software for digital design at higher levels of abstraction. With DLSim 3, we are able to present the many levels of circuit design in a single environment, from low level combinational and sequential circuits through models of complete CPUs. The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction to DLSim 3 and to describe how we have used it in the classroom, focusing particularly on CPU design.
The play of change

Purpose – Two claims are made about play that bears on managing change in organizations. First, play is a creative dynamic of human community; and in particular, it is the form taken by love at the boundary of fantasy and reality. Second, play is known, not by analysis via the mind and reason, but by intuition via the body and feeling. To manage change as play is to call upon the possibilities of adaptation and development that lie at the creative edge of love.Design/methodology/approach – The arguments of the paper are not strictly rational (deductive) or empirical (inductive) but are based upon an “abductive” reading of the literatures on play and managing change.Findings – Play is key in managing change. Play is the creative enlargement of love involved in healthy and effective adaptation and development.Social implications – Change in organizations is best taken in the spirit of love that is play. As change calls to love, the greatest changes call to the greatest love of the divine in which all things...
Moderate-to-large seismicity induced by hydrocarbon production

It is well known that various human activities have the potential to generate seismic activity. Examples range from subsurface waste injection and reservoir impoundment in the vicinity of large dams to the development of mining, geothermal or hydrocarbon resources. Recently, induced seismicity in connection to geologic carbon sequestration projects has emerged as a new field of interest. This review discusses seismicity induced by hydrocarbon production. In particular, I focus on published cases for which earthquakes of moderate-to-large magnitudes-in other words earthquakes that can be felt on the surface-have been reported. I also discuss current theoretical approaches to model this phenomenon. The emphasis on moderate-to-large magnitudes is intended to complement the other contributions in this issue which focus primarily on microseismicity. Evidently, it is important to understand the conditions under which hydrocarbon production may induce seismic activity in order to ensure that field operations can...