cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jug r 4, a Legumin Group Food Allergen from Walnut (Juglans regia Cv. Chandler)

Allergy to walnut is the most frequently reported tree nut allergy in the United States. Walnut 2S albumin, a vicilin-like protein, and a lipid transfer protein allergen have previously been described. Our objective was to clone and express a cDNA encoding a legumin group protein, assess IgE-binding with sera from walnut allergic patients, and investigate cross-reactivity with selected nuts. Primers were used to obtain the cDNA by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends from walnut mRNA. The cDNA was subcloned into the pMAL-c2X vector and the recombinant fusion protein, named rJug r 4, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The obtained cDNA encoded a precursor protein with a predicted molecular weight of 58.1 kD, which showed significant sequence homology to hazelnut and cashew legumin allergens. Serum IgE from 21 of 37 (57%) patients bound the rJug r 4 fusion protein. In vitro cross-reactivity was demonstrated with hazelnut, cashew, and peanut protein extracts.
“Christianity and Mountainanity”: The Restoration Movement’s Influence on John Muir

Abstract The theological underpinnings of John Muir’s work and thought have, justifiably, received a fair amount of scholarly attention. Most of the early scholarship, however, focused on correlations between Muir’s beliefs and pantheism, and ignored the more immediate influence exerted on Muir by his upbringing in the Disciples of Christ. More recent scholars, such as Donald Worster, Dennis Williams, and Stephen Holmes, have attested to the significance of Muir’s Disciples of Christ background but have so far failed to explicate its influence. Yet we know from Muir’s letters that he remained engaged with Disciples’ people and issues throughout his life. Despite occasional dissatisfaction expressed toward his childhood faith, he could never entirely escape it, and a consideration of Muir’s thought in relation to the dominant themes of Disciples theology reveals a close relationship between the two. In numerous ways, the tenets of the Disciples of Christ belief system guide Muir’s thought and mission: his anthropological views, his beliefs on sin and salvation, his approach to politics, and his eschatological mission to encourage harmony among all created beings, are shaped by Disciples of Christ theology.
Wellbore Stability Study: Lessons and Learnings From a Tectonically Active Field

Shales account for 75% of the formations drilled worldwide, while drilling troubles associated with shale represents 90% of wellbore stability problems reported. In this paper, a traditional wellbore stability study has been implemented at an onshore gas field in a tectonically active region. Despite following the program however, the drilling experienced significant challenges, particularly in the shales where the sonic logs have shown high velocity and therefore high rock strength.
The Ethics of Change: The Effects of Authoritarian and Ethical Leadership on Organizational Change

In this paper, we compare ethical leadership and authoritarian leadership in their influence on an organizational change process. In doing so, we highlight the overlooked impact of ethics on organi...
The effect of added sugars on the retrogradation of wheat starch gels by X-ray diffraction

Abstract The effect of added sugars on the retrogradation of wheat starch gels has been investigated by X-ray diffraction methods. Addition of ribose, sucrose or glucose to wheat starch gels at the ratio of starch:sugar:water of 1:1:1 was found to reduce the rate of amylopectin recrystallization in these gels during storage. The effectiveness of these sugars in suppressing retrogradation followed the order ribose > sucrose > glucose. More detailed studies on the addition of ribose to wheat starch gels have shown that the rate of amylopectin recrystallization decreases progressively with increasing ribose content. Preliminary studies using oligosaccharides have suggested that the reduction in the rate of crystallization increases with increasing molecular weight.
The Romantic Reconceptualization of the Gypsy: From Menace to Malleability

Following the hanging of a number of young gypsies at Northampton in 1780, we can trace a slow but notable shift in the English cultural understanding of the itinerant people. While late-eighteenth-century literary texts perpetuate longstanding conceptions of the gypsies as criminals and dangers, early nineteenth-century works construct new images of the gypsies that emphasize their benign alternative lifestyle. These new conceptions of the gypsies specifically address England's concerns with the nomads as supposed threats to youthful native heterosexuality and organized labor practices. Throughout the nineteenth century, the English nation would develop sophisticated plans to incorporate the Roma into its citizenry and workforce; the early nineteenth-century texts I consider here document the emerging cultural shift that would help to support such large-scale social projects.
442 URINARY 3-METHYLHISTIDINE EXCRETION IN NORMAL AND STRESSED INFANTS

The unusual amino acid 3-methylhistidine (3MH) is present only in muscle (the major protein mass in the body). Urinary 3MH is an ideal indicator of protein catabolism because the one mole of 3MH released upon breakdown of each mole of actin and myosin heavy chain is excreted from the body without reutilization. We are presently investigating the effects of parenteral nutrition on the protein metabolic state of neonates whose oral nutrient intake for various clinical conditions is inadequate. In a preliminary study 17 3MH/creatinine ratio measurements were performed on spot urines in 6 premature and 5 term infants. The newborns who were healthy and growing were found to have a ratio of 0.222± 0.016 (mean and S.D.) which value is about two times higher than that of normal adults in our population. The 3MH/creatinine ratio was significantly elevated (range 0.270 - 0.690; mean 0.377 ± 143 S.D.) in infants who were losing weight and had low nutrient intake because of prematurity, sepsis or postoperative condition. The relatively high 3MH/creatinine ratio in normal growing infants is consistent with the elevated metabolic rate and protein turn-over in neonates. The rise in the ratios of stressed infants reflects increased muscle protein catabolism which is apparently secondary to malnutrition. (Supported by HD-10235)
DFT study on the nucleophilic addition reaction of water and ammonia to the thymine radical cation

The nucleophilic addition reactions of water and ammonia molecules toward the C5−C6 double bond of thymine radical cations were investigated using density functional theory. We predicted that the nucleophilic addition favored the C5-site of thymine radical cations, in contrast to the previous experimental observations in bulk solution where the addition product to the C6-site was dominant. Considering the molecular orbital factors, we estimated the relative reactivity of the C5- and C6-sites of thymine radical cations for the nucleophilic addition of ammonia. We found that the C5 was more reactive than the C6 for the small-size clusters of Thy_1(NH_3)_n+, n = 0−2, in the gas phase and even in aqueous solution, though the difference in the reactivity between the two sites became smaller as the number of ammonia molecules increased. This variation of the reactivity was attributed to the electron density redistribution within the thymine radical cations induced by the ammonia molecules as a nucleophile. We suggest that the dominance of the C6-addition product in bulk solution is mainly due to the higher stability of the C6-addition product by solvation, rather than to the higher reactivity of the C6-site for the nucleophilic addition.
Functional Broadside Tests With Incompletely Specified Scan-In States

Functional broadside tests address overtesting of delay faults by using reachable states as scan-in states. Since reachable states are, in general, fully specified, functional broadside tests are not amenable to the commonly used test data compression methods. This paper defines multicycle functional broadside tests whose scan-in states are incompletely specified. The first clock cycles of a test bring the circuit from the scan-in state into a reachable state without activating delay faults. The last two clock cycles detect delay faults by applying a two-cycle functional broadside test. This paper also describes a test generation procedure for tests of this type. The procedure uses a condition, which is based on the initial state of the circuit for functional operation, to simplify the generation of the tests.
Study of Sedimentation Velocity of Block Copolymer Micelles

Abstract : Sedimentation velocity experiments may provide many valuable insights into the nature and behavior of macromolecules and other particles. In this study we are reporting on sedimentation velocity of block copolymer micelles formed by diblock and triblock copolymers of styrene and methacrylic acid. These micelles are an object of a broad research in our laboratory. The synthesis of copolymers and evaluation of their molecular properties have been described elsewhere. All our copolymer samples formed micellar solutions when dissolved in a mixture of 80 vol.% of dioxane and 20 vol.% of water (80D/20W). In these systems, the polystyrene block are segregated in the micellar cores that are presumably swollen by dioxane. The methacrylic acid blocks form much looser shells surrounding these cores.
Urinary desmosine excretion in acute exacerbations of COPD: a preliminary report

Abstract Desmosine (DES) is an elastin-derived, cross-link amino acid, which is not metabolized; hence, its urinary levels reflect elastin breakdown. We hypothesized that elastin degradation should increase as a result of increased lung inflammation during an acute exacerbation of COPD and should decrease after recovery. To test this hypothesis we measured DES in three urine samples from nine COPD subjects during the first 5 days of an acute exacerbation and at 2 months after recovery. We also measured forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ) to monitor the effects of the exacerbation on ventilatory function. The mean (SD) FEV 1 was 45 (15)% predicted during the exacerbation and 57·8 (16)% predicted 2 months later ( P =0·00001). The mean (SD) DES excretion was 25·3 (9) μ g g −1 creatinine at day 1;23·5 (9) at day 3 and 24 (9) at day 5 of the exacerbation. The mean (SD) urinary DES excretion 60 days after discharge was 20·9 (7) μ g g −1 creatinine ( P =0·049) in comparison with the mean of the three acute-phase values. The size of the increase in desmosine excretion during exacerbation is small, 3·2 μ g g −1 creatinine or 16% of the recovery desmosine value. We conclude that there is a small but statistically significant increase in lung elastin breakdown in the body during an acute exacerbation of COPD.
POTENTIAL TOOLS FOR TRACKING OCEAN CLIMATE: VARIABILITY IN STABLE ISOTOPES IN LIVING CORALLINE ALGAE

Our ability to track long term climate change in coastal regions is limited in temperate and polar regions. Physical oceanographic dynamics in temperature and upwelling events can be recorded as carbon and oxygen stable isotope signals in carbonate producing organisms. Because coralline algae photosynthesize, produce calcium carbonate and are widely distributed, they may provide a new tool for detecting short-term change. However, little is known about how coralline algae incorporate stable isotopes into their calcite thallus structure. The objectives of this study were to determine if growth and isotopic signature differ in articulated coralline algae grown in different oceanographic regimes in Monterey Bay. The articulated alga Calliarthron cheiliospororioides was outplanted at three locations varying in seawater temperature and upwelling strength. New algal growth was measured by staining the algae with Alizarin Red and enumerating the amount of accumulated material at the branch tips. Growth rates varied seasonally and spatially. Low-upwelling daily growth rates averaged 0.044–0.056 mm day−1, while high-upwelling growth rates were 0.083 mm day−1. Isotope ratios were obtained by analyzing microsampled portions of the alga in a mass spectrometer. Changes in the 18O/16O and 13C/12C ratios appear to reflect change in seawater temperature and upwelling strength, respectively.
129Xe NMR Investigation of the Free Volume in Dendritic and Cross-Linked Polymers

129Xe NMR spectroscopy was used to study the free-volume changes associated with cross-linking of linear polymers and extensive chain branching in dendritic tree molecules. Qualitative changes in the free volume in model networks of poly(oxypropylene) and in starburst dendrimers of poly(amidoamine) were studied as a function of the cross-link density and the generation, respectively. Consistent with the present understanding of these end-linked networks, the change in chemical shift of the xenon was found to correlate well with the reciprocal of the average molecular weight between cross-links of the end-linked networks. With dendrimers, the chemical shift of xenon varied linearly with the generation number. A modified form of the chain-end free volume theory applicable to dendritic molecules was used to interpret the data.
Fore‐Aft Forces in Tire‐Wheel Assemblies Generated by Unbalances and the Influence of Balancing

Abstract When measuring bearing forces of the tire‐wheel assembly during drum tests, it was found that beyond certain speeds, the horizontal force variations or so‐called fore‐aft forces were larger than the force variations in the vertical direction. The explanation of this phenomenon is still somewhat an open question. One of the hypothetical models argues in favor of torsional oscillations caused by a changing rolling radius. But it appears that there is a simpler answer. In this paper, a mathematical model of a tire consisting of a rigid tread ring connected to a freely rotating wheel or hub through an elastic foundation which has radial and torsional stiffness was developed. This model shows that an unbalanced mass on the tread ring will cause an oscillatory rolling motion of the tread ring on the drum which is superimposed on the nominal rolling. This will indeed result in larger fore‐aft than vertical force variations beyond certain speeds, which are a function of run‐out. The rolling motion is in ...
A polyexponential deconvolution method. Evaluation of the "gastrointestinal bioavailability" and mean in vivo dissolution time of some ibuprofen dosage forms.

A new deconvolution algorithm (DCON) suitable for pharmacokinetic applications is presented. It requires that both the impulse and input responses, typically systemic drug levels, be well described by polyexponential equations. DCON has a wider range of applications than an earlier method (DECONV) from which it is derived. A FORTRAN program is provided, making implementation of the technique a simple matter. DCON is demonstrated to evaluate the “GI bioavailability,” defined as the rate and the extent of gastrointestinal drug release, of various ibuprofen dosage forms. The GI drug release kinetics exemplifies a pharmacokinetic system which cannot be evaluated using the previous deconvolution algorithm (DECONV) because of an initial zero drug level response. This limitation is not found in DCON. It is also demonstrated how the mean in vivo dissolution time MDT can be evaluated by deconvolution.
A foreign policy for democratic policing

Police institutions fundamentally affect the character of political development. Using comparative and historical materials, this paper analyzes what developed democratic countries can reasonably hope to achieve by way of reforming foreign police institutions so as to encourage and support democratic political development. After reviewing the sorts of world experience that contains relevant lessons, the paper discusses foreign police policies, respectively, that cannot succeed, that have some possibility of success, and that are almost certain to succeed. The paper concludes by outlining the dilemma that democratic development through police reform must confront, and specifies 11 principles that should guide democratic foreign police‐policy.
The use of new PHACOMP in understanding the solidification microstructure of nickel base alloy weld metal

The weld metal microstructures of five commercial nickel base alloys (HASTELLOYS* C-4, C-22, and C-276, and INCONELS* 625 and 718) have been examined by electron probe microanalysis and analytical electron microscopy. It has been found that solidification terminates in many of these alloys with the formation of a constituent containing a topologically-close-packed (TCP) intermetallic phase(i.e., σ, P, Laves). Electron microprobe examination of gas-tungsten-arc welds revealed a solidification segregation pattern of Ni depletion and solute enrichment in interdendritic volumes. New PHACOMP calculations performed on these segregation profiles revealed a pattern of increasingM d (metal-d levels) in traversing from a dendrite core to an adjacent interdendritic volume. In alloys forming a terminal solidification TCP constituent, the calculatedM d values in interdendritic regions were greater than the criticalM d values for formation ofσ as stated by Morinagaet al. Implications of the correlation between TCP phase formation andM d in the prediction of weld metal solidification microstructure, prediction of potential hot-cracking behavior, and applications in future alloy design endeavors are discussed.
Advanced Degradation Rates for High Power LM2500 Applications

Since the early 1970’s, the United States Navy has utilized the General Electric LM2500 gas turbine engine for propulsion aboard its surface combatants including its newest DDG 51 Class Destroyer. These ships have generally operated at a part power operational profile under a COGAG arrangement which has offered system redundancy while exceeding life projections for the gas turbine engines. For its newest ships still in the design phase (LHD 8/LCS/LSC(X)) the Navy intends to continue to utilize gas turbine engines but in different applications including electric drive, high power boost applications in tandem with both diesel engines and electric motor arrangements. Although this paper focuses on the LM2500, its conclusions are meant to apply to a broader scope of future propulsion applications. Specific conclusions are provided describing potential operating profile considerations.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
γ-Rays from decay of 88Br

Abstract The γ-ray spectrum from 88 Br decay has been studied with sources of bromine fission products. Forty-three γ-rays ranging in energy up to 7001 keV has been identified and the main features of decay to low lying levels in 88 Kr have been established. A search was made for γ-ray transitions from neutron unbound levels but none could be assigned.
PVDF Based Wearable Joystick Using Gesture Recognition via Neural Networks

In this study spatially shaded PVDF was incorporated into a compression sleeve and used to create a wearable joystick which was able to identify and classify gestures made by the right hand. A multilayered feedforward neural network was used to discriminate movements of the hand at the wrist. In feedforward operation, the output voltage of the PVDF was collected using a DAQ system and used to populate an updating input vector which was fed into the network for real-time pattern classification. The network was trained using traditional backpropagation methods where the training inputs were an assortment of collected and simulated voltage patterns of three specific hand gestures and the outputs were specified vectors corresponding to said hand gestures. This training, coupled with the networks ability to generalize, allowed the network to correlate an input voltage profile with the gesture that generated it and correctly classify it.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Performance modeling of a piezohydraulic actuation system with active valves

Piezohydraulic actuation is the use of hydraulic fluid to rectify the high frequency, small stroke oscillation movement of the piezoceramic stack into a unidirectional movement at a specific combination of stroke and force. In recent years, piezohydraulic pumps have been studied and developed by several groups. This paper presents two steady flow models based on different approximations of the hydraulic fluid. In the first model we assume a fully developed incompressible viscous flow, and in the second model we incorporate the compressibility of hydraulic fluid into our model. These two models are derived based on the energy equations for hydraulic flow in a circular pipe. Major and minor losses are identified and incorporated into the models. Assumptions and approximations were made to minimize computation effort while achieving good accuracy. A piezohydraulic actuation system with active valves is then built and tested. Comparison with test results shows that the simulations accurately predict system performance under loads at which value leakage is not present. The results reveal that friction losses due to viscosity are a major limitation of performance for the current test setup when operating at higher frequencies. Timing studies of the active vales show the valve timing is important to the performance of the system.
Current trends in infant research and infant programs

Head Start, a federally funded program begun in 1965, provided an impetus for the proliferation of early childhood programs and research. A variety of intervention programs have been added to the traditional day care centers of the past, which primarily served the needs of working parents. Among intervention programs are those tutoring high risk infants and their parents, and private and public classrooms for handicapped infants and preschoolers. Increased programming has provided more opportunities for research, which includes studies of social, ethnic, physical#shmedical, and gender‐related issues.
Perceptions of the State in Russia and Serbia: The Role of Ideas in the Soviet and Yugoslav Collapse

A sociologist whose area of expertise is communism and nationalism examines the causes of Soviet and Yugoslav dissolution, with special attention to political-cultural factors. The work of Serbian and Russian intellectuals is used as the basis for examination of the different political-cultural attitudes of Russians and Serbs towards the state, historically and during the twentieth-century breakups of these multinational states
Transient activation of oocyte 5S RNA genes in Xenopus embryos by raising the level of the trans-acting factor TFIIIA.

The concentration of the trans-acting factor, TFIIIA, required for the activation of 5S RNA genes in Xenopus can be elevated in developing embryos by injecting a synthetic full-length mRNA into fertilized eggs. 5S RNA genes are activated by the increased factor concentration at the mid-blastula transition through mid-gastrulation. The activated oocyte 5S RNA genes are then inactivated, leaving the TFIIIA-enhanced embryos with the same profile of differential 5S RNA gene activity as control embryos, i.e., synthesizing mainly somatic 5S RNA. Inactivation of the oocyte 5S RNA genes is complete by neurulation and can occur in the absence of DNA replication. We propose that this loss of gene activity is due at least in part to destabilization of transcription complexes that are associated with oocyte 5S RNA genes.
A generalized birth–death stochastic model for high-frequency order book dynamics

We use a generalized birth–death stochastic process to model the high-frequency dynamics of the limit order book, and illustrate it using parameters estimated from Level II data for a stock on the London Stock Exchange. A new feature of this model is that limit orders are allowed to arrive in multiple sizes, an important empirical feature of the order book. We can compute various quantities of interest without resorting to simulation, conditional on the state of the order book, such as the probability that the next move of the mid-price will be upward, or the probability, as a function of order size, that a limit ask order will be executed before a downward move in the mid-price. This generalizes the successful model of Cont et al. [Oper. Res., 2010, 58, 549–563] by means of a new technical approach to computing the distribution of first passage times.
Horde: separating network striping policy from mechanism

Inverse multiplexing, or network striping, allows the construction of a high-bandwidth virtual channel from a collection of multiple low-bandwidth network channels. Striping systems usually employ an immutable packet scheduling policy and allow applications to be oblivious of the way in which packets are routed to specific network channels. Though this is appropriate for many applications, other applications can benefit from an approach that explicitly involves the application in the dynamic determination of the striping policy.Horde is middleware that facilitates flexible striping in wireless environments for a diverse range of applications. Horde separates the striping policy from routing and scheduling. It allows applications to specify network quality-of-service objectives that the striping mechanism attempts to satisfy. Horde can be used by a set of application data streams, each with its own quality-of-service policy, to flexibly stripe data over a highly heterogeneous set of dynamically varying wireless network channels.We present the Horde architecture, describe an early implementation, and examine how different policies can be used to modulate the quality-of-service observed across different independent data streams.
Tris(ethane-1,2-diamine-κN,N')cobalt(III) carbonate iodide tetra-hydrate.

The title compound, [Co(C2H8N2)3](CO3)I·4H2O, crystallizes with a [Co(en)3]3+ cation (en is ethane-1,2-diamine), CO32− and I− anions and four water mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the cation, the three rings formed by the ethyl­enediamine units and the CoIII metal ion are in slightly distorted twist conformations. Numerous O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O, N—H⋯I and O—H⋯I inter­molecular hydrogen bonds between the cation and two anions in concert with the four water mol­ecules dominate the crystal packing and create a supra­molecular infinite three-dimensional framework.
Maternal cocaine use and mother–infant interactions: Direct and moderated associations

This study examined the associations between prenatal cocaine exposure and quality of mother-infant play interactions at 13 months of infant ages. We investigated whether maternal psychological distress and infant reactivity mediated or moderated this association. Participants consisted of 220 (119 cocaine exposed and 101 non-cocaine exposed) mother-infant dyads participating in an ongoing longitudinal study of prenatal cocaine exposure. Results indicated that mothers who used cocaine during pregnancy displayed higher negative affect and lower sensitivity toward their infant during play interactions at 13 months, and that their infants were less responsive toward them. Contrary to hypothesis, this association was not mediated by maternal psychological distress or by infant reactivity. However, results for both the cocaine and non-cocaine exposed infants were supportive of a transactional model where lower maternal sensitivity at 1 month was predictive of higher infant reactivity at 7 months, which in turn was predictive of lower maternal warmth/sensitivity at 13 months, controlling for potential stability in maternal behavior. Results also indicated that as hypothesized, infant reactivity moderated the association between maternal cocaine use during pregnancy and maternal warmth/sensitivity at 13 months of age. Cocaine-using mothers who experienced their infants as being more reactive in early infancy were less warm/sensitive toward them in later infancy. Results have implications for parenting interventions that may be targeted toward improving maternal sensitivity among cocaine-using mothers with more reactive infants.
Trap: An Innovative Approach to Analyzing the Reliability of Transmission Plans

The calculation of transmission system reliability for planning has been implemented in a computer program, the Transmission Reliability Analysis Program (TRAP). Based on the concept of Load Supplying Capability (USC) of a transmission network, TRAP provides quantitative information concerning network adequacy. These reliability indices, which measure the capacity of a transmission system and the probability that transmission events result in loss of load, are illustrated using the EPRI Synthetic System D.
Bevacizumab induces intraocular tumour growth in mice: an intriguing paradox

Purpose Intravitreal bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to VEGF-A, was originally developed as an anti-tumour treatment, and is used to treat macular edema in radiation retinopathy. As this drug may potentially be used to treat primary uveal melanoma (UM) and/or its metastases, we analyzed the effect of bevacizumab on UM growth. Methods Mice inoculated with B16F10 melanoma cells into the anterior chamber of the eye were monitored for tumour growth and vascularisation after bevacizumab treatment. UM cell proliferation and the expression of VEGF-A, GLUT-1, and HIF-1α were analyzed in vitro. Results Bevacizumab treatment resulted in an acceleration of intraocular tumour growth in mice, but did not induce UM cell proliferation in vitro. Incubation with bevacizumab induced VEGF-A and GLUT-1 mRNA expression via the HIF-1α pathway in UM cell lines and primary cell cultures. Surprisingly, VEGF-A expression in mice did not result in more vessels, but we did perceive more anterior chamber hemorrhages in vivo. Conclusion Anti-VEGF treatment with bevacizumab induces intraocular tumour growth in mice. Although bevacizumab did not induce the number of vessels in treated mice, we did observe more anterior chamber hemorrhages. One of the mechanism involved, is the induction of VEGF-A expression in hypoxic UM cell lines and cultures through the HIF-1α pathway, resulting in a ‘pseudohypoxic’ condition. This phenomenon has been described in other tumours and maybe the consequence of tumour adaptive or evasive resistance. The use of bevacizumab for treatment of macular edema (due to radiation retinopathy) after irradiation of UM should therefore be carefully considered.
Rapid Communication: Nonspecific Adsorption of Transferrin to K562 Cell Membrane

ABSTRACT In the absence of albumin, incubation of K562 cells with radiolabeled transferrin revealed a binding component with high affinity and one with low affinity. The component with low affinity was eliminated in the presence of albumin, indicating it results from nonspecific adsorption of ligand to cell membrane. The lack of specificity was further confirmed by demonstration that this component could be dissociated by pronase but not by acid. The high affinity component was responsible for most or all of the iron uptake by the cell. However, in certain cell densities of the culture, some iron could be taken up via other mechanisms. Therefore, the mechanism of low affinity binding could contribute to iron uptake by the cell in certain proliferative states.
Temperature dependence of current-induced magnetization switching in spin valves with a ferrimagnetic CoGd free layer.

The temperature dependence of current-induced magnetization switching of ferrimagnetic CoGd free layers in spin valves is explored. At temperatures well above and well below the magnetization compensation temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{MC}}$) of CoGd, a current flowing from the free layer to the CoFe fixed layer aligns the moments of the two layers parallel, and a current flowing in the opposite direction aligns them antiparallel. However, for intermediate temperatures just above ${T}_{\mathrm{MC}}$, the current-induced alignment of the moments is reversed. We attribute this effect to the different compensation temperatures of the net magnetization and angular momentum of CoGd.
Dosimetric perturbations at high-Z interfaces with high dose rate 192Ir source

Abstract Purpose To investigate dose perturbations created by high-atomic number ( Z ) materials in high dose rate (HDR) Iridium-192 ( 192 Ir) treatment region. Methods and materials A specially designed parallel plate ion chamber with 5 μm thick window was used to measure the dose rates from 192 Ir source downstream of the high-Z materials. A Monte Carlo (MC) code was employed to calculate the dose rates in both upstream and downstream of the high-Z interfaces at distances ranging from 0.01 to 2 mm. The dose perturbation factor (DPF) was defined as the ratio of dose rate with and without high-Z material in a water phantom. For verifying the Z dependence, both 0.1- and 1.0 mm-thick sheets of Pb, Au, Ta, Sn, Cu, Fe, Ti and Al were used. Results/conclusions The DPF depends on the Z and thickness of layer. At the downstream of a 0.1 mm layer of Pb, Au, Ta, Sn, Cu, Fe, Ti and Al, the DPF by MC were 3.73, 3.42, 3.04, 1.71, 1.04, 0.98, 0.92, or 0.94 respectively. When Z is greater than or equal to 50, the MC and experimental results disagree significantly (>20%) due to large DPF gradient but are in agreement for Z less than or equal to 29. Thin layers of Z greater than or equal to 50 near a 192 Ir source in water produce significant dose perturbations (i.e. increases) in the vicinity of the medium-high-Z interfaces and may thus cause local over-dose in 192 Ir brachytherapy. Conversely, this effect may potentially be used to deliver locally higher doses to targeted tissue.
Changes in Extreme Climate Indices for the Northeastern United States, 1870-2005

The northeastern United States is one of the most variable climates in the world, and how climate extremes arechangingiscriticaltopopulations,industries,andtheenvironmentinthisregion.Along-term(1870‐2005) temperature and precipitation dataset was compiled for the northeastern United States to assess how the climate has changed. Adjustments were madeto daily temperaturesto account for changes in mean,variance, and skewness resulting from inhomogeneities, but precipitation data were not adjusted. Trends in 17 temperatureand10precipitation indicesat 40stationswereevaluatedoverthreetimeperiods—1893‐2005,1893‐ 1950, and 1951‐2005—and over 1870‐2005 for a subset of longer-term stations. Temperature indices indicate strong warming with increases in the frequency of warm events (e.g., warm nights and warm summer days) and decreases in the frequency of cold events (e.g., ice days, frost days, and the cold spell duration indicator). The strongest warming is exhibited in the decrease in frost days and the increase in growing season length. Although maximum temperatures indices showed strong warming trends over the period 1893‐1950, subsequenttrends show little changeand cooling. Few significant trends were present in the precipitation indices; however, they displayed a tendency toward wetter conditions. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that some of the variability in the 27 indices from 1951 to 2002 was explained by the North Atlantic Oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation, and Pacific‐North American pattern. However, teleconnection patterns showed little influence on the 27 indices over a 103-yr period.
Role of the Carboxyl-Terminal Lectin Domain in Self-Association of Galectin-3†

Galectin-3 is a member of a large family of β-galactoside-binding animal lectins and is composed of a carboxyl-terminal lectin domain connected to an amino-terminal nonlectin part. Previous experimental results suggest that, when bound to multivalent glycoconjugates, galectin-3 self-associates through intermolecular interactions involving the amino-terminal domain. In this study, we obtained evidence suggesting that the protein self-associates in the absence of its saccharide ligands, in a manner that is dependent on the carboxyl-terminal domain. This mode of self-association is inhibitable by the lectin's saccharide ligands. Specifically, recombinant human galectin-3 was found to bind to galectin-3C (the carboxyl-terminal domain fragment) conjugated to Sepharose 4B and the binding was inhibitable by lactose. In addition, biotinylated galectin-3 bound to galectin-3 immobilized on plastic surfaces and the binding could also be inhibited by various saccharide ligands of the lectin. A mutant with a tryptopha...
Ethylene Ignition and Detonation Chemistry, Part 1: Detailed Modeling and Experimental Comparison

A numerical investigation is reported on the chemical kinetics of C 2 H 4 ignition and detonation in oxygen-diluent mixtures. Conditions addressed cover initial (postshock) temperatures between 1000 and 2500 K, pressures between 0.5 and 100 bar and equivalence ratios between 0.5 and 2. Attention is paid to histories of species concentrations and temperature, to autoignition times, and to subsequent heat release that is relevant to detonation structure. A detailed mechanism is proposed consisting of 148 reversible elementary reactions among 34 chemical species. This mechanism is shown to provide good agreement with most ignition times measured in shock tubes and with burning-velocity measurements available in the literature. The results provide a basis for developing simplified descriptions that can be used in multidimensional detonation studies for applications to propulsion devices.
Cost-effective viral marketing for time-critical campaigns in large-scale social networks

Online social networks (OSNs) have become one of the most effective channels for marketing and advertising. Since users are often influenced by their friends, “word-of-mouth” exchanges, so-called viral marketing, in social networks can be used to increase product adoption or widely spread content over the network. The common perception of viral marketing about being cheap, easy, and massively effective makes it an ideal replacement of traditional advertising. However, recent studies have revealed that the propagation often fades quickly within only few hops from the sources, counteracting the assumption on the self-perpetuating of influence considered in literature. With only limited influence propagation, is massively reaching customers via viral marketing still affordable? How do we economically spend more resources to increase the spreading speed? We investigate the cost-effective massive viral marketing problem, taking into the consideration the limited influence propagation. Both analytical analysis based on power-law network theory and numerical analysis demonstrate that the viral marketing might involve costly seeding. To minimize the seeding cost, we provide mathematical programming to find optimal seeding for medium-size networks and propose VirAds, an efficient algorithm, to tackle the problem on large-scale networks. VirAds guarantees a relative error bound of $O(1)$ from the optimal solutions in power-law networks and outperforms the greedy heuristics that realizes on the degree centrality. Moreover, we also show that, in general, approximating the optimal seeding within a ratio better than $O(\log n)$ is unlikely possible.
Inflammatory Markers in Intrauterine and Fetal Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartments Are Associated with Adverse Pulmonary and Neurologic Outcomes in Preterm Infants

Recent evidence strongly implicates the inflammatory response to intrauterine infection in the pathogenesis of neonatal brain and lung injury. We hypothesized that lung and brain injury in preterm infants occurs during a common developmental window of vulnerability as the result of an inflammatory response in different compartments. To determine whether inflammatory markers in these compartments are associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or cranial ultrasound (CUS) abnormalities in infants /=17 pg/mL was associated with an abnormal CUS in infants >28 wk GA (OR 3.36, p = 0.023) but not /=6.5 pg/mL and TNF-alpha >/=3 pg/mL were associated with abnormal CUS in infants /=28 wk GA. These data suggest that in infants </=28 wks GA, BPD may be initiated by inflammatory mediators in amniotic fluid, but brain injury may involve variations in the systemic inflammatory response.
Particle mixing in a nearly filled horizontal cylinder through phase inversion

A procedure for homogeneously mixing two different sizes of particles in a horizontally rotating cylinder is presented. It was found that different cylinder rotation rates produce inverted segregation patterns. A radial core of small particles is formed at low rotation rates and a core of large particles is formed at high rotation rates. A simple force model is presented that can predict the particular segregation pattern for given rotation rates and particle sizes. A homogeneous mixture can be obtained by alternating between rotation rates at which particles occupy corresponding radial positions.
Response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation in young psychotic children: A pilot study

Abstract (1) To test the hypothesis that CNS dysfunction, specifically in the hypothalamus, exists in young psychotic children, synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 400 μg, was given intravenously to ten patients, ages 2 1 2 yr to 7 yr 7 months. (2) Timed venous samples were obtained for determination of the plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and in some patients, of prolactin, by radioimmunoassay. (3) The responses were compatible with, but not diagnostic of, hypothalamic disease in most of the subjects. (4) It is suggested that a genetic vulnerability and/or associated pre- or perinatal insult to the CNS may result in a variety of abnormalities, which include behavioral and neuroendocrine parameters.
Two issues in reservation establishment

This paper addresses two issues related to resource reservation establishment in packet switched networks offering real-time services. The first issue arises out of the natural tension between the local nature of reservations (i.e., they control the service provided on a particular link) and the end-to-end nature of application service requirements. How do reservation establishment protocols enable applications to receive their desired end-to-end service? We review the current one-pass and two-pass approaches, and then propose a new hybrid approach called one-pass-with-advertising. The second issue in reservation establishment we consider arises from the inevitable heterogeneity in network router capabilities. Some routers and subnets in the Internet will support real-time services and others, such as ethernets, will not. How can a reservation establishment mechanism enable applications to achieve the end-to-end service they desire in the face of this heterogeneity? We propose an approach involving replacement services and advertising to build end-to-end service out of heterogeneous per-link service offerings.
Apparent Tensorial Conductivity of Layered Composites

A lamination theory is proposed to treat a multilayered composite material as an anisotropic but homogeneous equivalent material. The conductivity tensor and the governing differential equations of the equivalent material are derived. A sample heat conduction problem for a laminated cylindrical body is solved by the present approach and results compared favorably with the exact solution. Nomenclature K = conductivity KLj — conductivity tensor qi = heat flux in the direction of x, Rij = resistivity tensor T — temperature V = volume fraction 4> = dimensionless temperature defined in Eq. (21) r\ = dimensionless temperature defined in Eq. (27) Sij = Kronecker delta Superscripts "p" = pth layer or component (") = dimensionless quantities defined in Eqs. (21) and (27).
Molecular investigation of the invasive sponge Hymeniacidon sinapium (de Laubenfels, 1930) in Elkhorn Slough, California

A large number of invasive marine invertebrates are recognized from Elkhorn Slough (ES), California. One of these species in the slough is treated as Hymeniacidon sinapium (Family Halichondriidae) but its species identity is in doubt pending molecular confirmation. The purpose of this investigation was to confirm the presence of H. sinapium in ES, determine its distribution in the slough, and compare its genetic diversity to others in California and worldwide. To address these goals, 23 specimens of Hymeniacidon were analyzed using DNA sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 + ITS2) and the 5.8S exon. The sequences were compared against those of H. sinapium from: San Diego and Tomales Bay in California; Japan; and South Korea. All ES sequences were found to be nearly identical to the other H. sinapium sequences, differing by only 1-3 nucleotides. ES specimens displayed five unique genotypes: three showed intragenomic polymorphisms (IGPs) in the ITS1 region (positions 155, 181, and 195). These data conclusively document the presence of H. sinapium in ES as well as define the species to a relatively narrow portion of its eastern shores (~4 km long). Since the genetic diversity of H. sinapium in ES is higher than that reported worldwide, its presence in ES is likely the result of multiple introductions. One of the IGPs in ES was found to be the most abundant and was widely distributed in the slough: an indication that it may be spreading.
In vitro pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in intact and castrated male and female rats.

Abstract The in vitro response of pituitaries isolated from both normal and 18–21-day post-castration male and female intact rats to incremental doses of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LH-RH) has been investigated. Intact male pituitaries released luteinizing hormone (LH) maximally at the smallest dose of LH-RH (0.1 ng/ml) whereas intact female pituitaries released LH in a dose-response fashion. FSH release from intact male pituitaries was considerably greater than that from intact female pituitaries. As with LH, intact male pituitaries appeared maximally stimulated at 0.1 ng/ml of LH-RH. Intact female pituitaries did not release FSH until a 10 ng/ml dose of LH-RH was used. Male and female castrate pituitaries were more susceptible to LH-RH-induced LH and FSH release than were their intact counterparts, although this was more pronounced with regard to LH release. In addition castrate male pituitaries were more sensitive to lower doses of LH-RH than were castrate female pituitaries, this being most pronounced regarding LH release. Castrate female pituitaries released less FSH at the 100 ng/ml dose than at the 10 ng/ml dose, possibly indicating inhibition at these higher doses. In addition, pituitary extraction and serum from normal and castrate male and female rats were examined for LH and FSH content. LH content of castrated rat pituitaries of both sexes was considerably greater than that of their intact counterparts, as expected. However, castrate male pituitaries contained significantly less FSH than intact male pituitaries, whereas the opposite was true for the female groups. Serum LH and FSH levels were increased in the castrate groups with no difference between sexes. Serum from intact males contained considerably more FSH than did the serum from intact females.
Applications of statistical criteria in protein sequence analysis: Case study of yeast RNA polymerase II subunits

We have recently proposed statistical techniques to identify unusual protein sequence features. Extensive mapping of these features to particular groups of proteins may afford new ways of protein classification. Here we present a case study of such analysis by discussing special features of the amino acid sequences of yeast RNA polymerase II, the first eukaryotic RNA polymerase for which all subunits have been sequenced. Specific new suggestions derived from this analysis include: (i) based on unusual charge configurations in some of the sequences, electrostatic forces may play a significant role in subunit interactions; (ii) RPB4, on account of similar charge distribution, may well be grouped together with RNA polymerase II transcription initiation factors.
Global regularity for the -Neumann operator and bounded plurisubharmonic exhaustion functions

Abstract For a smooth, bounded, pseudoconvex domain Ω ⊂ C n , we derive a new sufficient condition for global regularity of the ∂ ¯ -Neumann operator that generalizes McNealʼs Property ( P ˜ ) , the approximately holomorphic vector fields of Boas and Straube, and a condition involving bounded plurisubharmonic exhaustion functions due to Kohn.