cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diabetes, Sarcopenia, and Frailty

Frailty is a pre-disability condition. It now can be defined clinically. The major factors leading to frailty are sarcopenia and a decline in executive function. Stressors precipitate frail individuals into a state of disability. Diabetics develop the conditions necessary for frailty earlier than other aging individuals. Appropriate treatment of diabetes mellitus and frailty precursors can result in a slowing of the aging process.
Theory and practice regarding acquired cognitive structures 1

Abstract Recent developments in cognitive psychology, particularly the theory of semantic memory and the theory of processes involved in problem solving, seem likely to provide a basis for strong developments in the theory of learning. These will be based on rigorous representations of cognitive states that are desired as the outcomes of instruction. It seems likely that a distinction between algorithmic knowledge and more general propositional knowledge will be needed in such a theory, and that knowledge of simple procedures will be distinguished from ability to interpret information in a problem, and also from skill in generating subgoals in order to organize problem‐solving activity.
In situ absorption sensor for NO in combustion gases with a 5.2 μm quantum-cascade laser

Abstract A new mid-infrared absorption sensor for in situ detection of nitric oxide in combustion exhaust gases has been developed and demonstrated for temperatures up to 700 K. A novel external-cavity quantum-cascade diode laser, which can be wavelength-tuned over the R-branch of the fundamental absorption band near 5.2 μm, was utilized, enabling critical evaluation of the interference absorption by H2O in combustion exhaust gases. The water vapor absorption spectrum was measured over the range 1880 cm−1 to 1951 cm−1 at 633 K (680 F), typical of conditions in the economizer region of coal-fired power plants. Based on the data for water vapor interference and laser performance, four candidate fundamental-band transitions (R10.5 (1/2, 3/2) and R15.5 (1/2, 3/2)) were selected as optimum and subsequently investigated in detail. A laboratory combustion exhaust rig with a 1.79 m constant-temperature line-of-sight path was then used to validate the sensor for NO concentrations between 20 and 95 ppm at 600 K; an NO detection limit of
Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: Implications for conservation biology

Extinction can be attributed broadly to environmental or genetic stress. The ability to detect such stresses before they seriously affect a population can enhance the effectiveness of conservation programs. Recent studies have shown that within-individual morphological variability may provide a valuable early indicator of environmental and genetic stress.
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy of Secondarily Infected Dermatitis

• Systemic cloxacillin therapy of secondarlly infected dermatitis produces a significant increase in healing when compared to a placebo. The effects of systemic cloxacillin therapy become apparent after five days of treatment. A single pretreatment culture was not helpful in directing therapy. ( Arch Dermatol 113:1378-1379, 1977)
Anticapsular Polysaccharide Antibodies and Nasopharyngeal Colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae in Infant Rats

To evaluate the effect of passive immunization with anticapsular antibodies on nasopharyngeal carriage, two models of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization were developed in infant rats. In a direct inoculation model, 3- to 4-day-old infant rats were intranasally inoculated with 2 x 10(5) cfu of S. pneumoniae type 3 or 6 x 10(3) cfu of S. pneumoniae type 23F. In an intralitter transmission model, 2 infant rats were intranasally inoculated with 10(3) cfu of pneumococcus type 3 or type 19F and placed in a cage containing 10 infant rats. Pretreatment with bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin led to a significant reduction in colonization of contact animals with S. pneumoniae type 3 or 19F in the intralitter transmission model (P < .05). No effect of immune globulin could be demonstrated in the direct inoculation model. These results indicate that systemic anticapsular antibodies conferred significant protection against nasopharyngeal acquisition by intralitter spread of S. pneumoniae type 3 and 19F.
Fluidic self-assembly for the integration of GaAs light-emitting diodes on Si substrates

The integration of GaAs optoelectronic devices on Si VLSI is important for many high-bandwidth communication applications. In this paper we describe a novel technique for the quasi-monolithic integration of GaAs light-emitting diodes on Si substrates that utilizes fluid transport and shape differentiation for placement and orientation. GaAs light-emitting diodes fabricated into trapezoidal blocks are suspended in a carrier fluid and deposited over holes etched in Si for integration. Top-side ring contact and bottom electrical contact are fabricated on the blocks prior to integration. >
Single-Cell Multiplex Gene Detection and Sequencing with Microfluidically Generated Agarose Emulsions

Genetic assays, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), typically report on multiple cells or mixtures of genomic DNA. As a result, they cannot properly characterize the genetic heterogeneity of a cell population or detect the co-occurrence of different mutations within a single cell, which are key to understanding the development, progression, and treatment of cancers.[1,2] In particular, since initial mutagenesis occurs inherently at the single-cell level, the detection and characterization of carcinogenesis will be dramatically facilitated by analytical techniques with single cell resolution.
The pharmacogenetics of β2-adrenergic receptors: Relevance to asthma ☆ ☆☆ ★

Abstract The β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) is the molecular target for β-agonists used in the treatment of asthma. In the human population, 4 polymorphisms of the β 2 AR coding block have been found, 3 of which result in receptors that have different properties compared with wild-type. To date, clinical studies suggest that these β 2 AR polymorphisms may alter asthmatic phenotype and the response to β-agonist therapy, making these variants the first of undoubtedly several genetic loci that will ultimately be found that will provide for individualized therapy in asthma. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:S487-92.)
Optics program in the physics department at San Jose State University

The San Jose State University Physics Department, located in Silicon Valley, provides students with a high quality education in optics and provides local high-tech industry and government laboratories with a partner for optics- related research and development projects. There are approximately 50 undergraduate majors and 20 graduate (M.S.) students in the Department. Core courses leading to the B.S. in Physics are offered with upper division courses in Modern Optics, Lasers and Applications, Advanced Optics Lab, Advanced Instrumentation Lab, and Individual Studies as well as graduate courses in Electro-optics, Graduate Optics, Optical Metrology, and Laser Spectroscopy. Graduates are well prepared to enter the lasers and optics industry or go onto graduate school. A 4000 square-foot lab in the Science Building houses the Institute for Modern Optics, an organized research unit in the College of Science. One of the major goals of the Institute is to facilitate collaborative research between the local optics industry and the faculty and students at SJSU. The Department is presently developing a new biophotonics lab for single molecule studies with a dual beam optical tweezers already operational. A National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates Program grant provides research support for undergraduates.
Carbon black reinforcement in preswollen rubbers. Part II

The mechanism of carbon black reinforcement was studied by examining stress–strain properties of preswollen (i.e., cured in the swollen state then deswollen) SBR-1500 vulcanizates and the effect of heat treatment on such samples. It was found that the supercoiling of molecular chains leads to a purely viscous response at low elongations. On heating of preswollen samples, molecular rearrangement at the carbon black surface occurs, leading to a considerable increase in modulus. The activation energy of that process was determined by using the superposition principle.
Introduction to fraction of absorbed par by canopy chlorophyll (fAPAR chl ) and canopy leaf water content derived from hyperion, simulated HyspIRI and MODIS images

Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by canopy chlorophyll (fAPAR chl ) is different from fraction of PAR absorbed by the whole canopy (fAPAR canopy , i.e., FPAR). The concept, algorithm and product of fAPAR chl , and the product of leaf water content (LWC) are new to the remote sensing community and ecosystem scientists. In this paper, we introduce fAPAR chl and LWC and provide examples. Different from vegetation indices, both fAPAR chl and LWC provide unique quantitative vegetation physiological information. They can be utilized in carbon cycle studies, land-atmosphere interaction research, land cover and land use studies, terrestrial ecosystems, forestry and agricultural studies.
A Cavitary Conundrum

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the male population after skin cancer. Approximately 220,000 men in the United States are diagnosed with prostate cancer annually, 29,000 of which succumb to the disease. In the overwhelming majority of cases, metastatic prostate cancer presents with an elevated PSA and osseous involvement. We present a unique case of cavitary nodular prostate metastases to the lung without osseous involvement and a normal PSA. A brief discussion of cavitary lung lesions is also covered. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1471w
Lamaze and Bradley Childbirth Classes: Contrasting Perspectives Toward the Medical Model of Birth

ABSTRACT: Background: Although many studies have evaluated the outcomes of childbirth education, few have seriously considered the content of the classes or considered any curriculum other than Lamaze. This study contrasts the perspectives of Lamaze and Bradley childbirth classes toward the medical model of birth. Methods: Four full series of Lamaze and four full series of Bradley classes were observed, and 31 women enrolled in the classes were interviewed. Results: Bradley classes were more likely than Lamaze classes to criticize aspects of the conventional hospital birth experience, such as routine electronic fetal monitoring and episiotomy, and to accept the validity of alternatives, such as home birth. Bradley classes were also more explicit in encouraging women to question or resist the judgment of their physician. Women enrolled in Lamaze classes experienced more medical intervention during childbirth than women enrolled in Bradley classes, and the latter seemed to attract women opposed to medical intervention. Conclusion: Although not generalizable, these results provide greater insight into the contrasting perspectives to which birthing women are exposed in childbirth education classes and the process through which these perspectives are communicated.
Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Prion-like factors in yeast

Some non-Mendelian genetic factors in yeast have properties reminiscent of prions; inheritance of these prion-like factors may involve the autocatalytic conversion of a protein from one metastable state to another.
Rapid detection and isotopic measurement of discrete inorganic samples using acoustically actuated droplet ejection and extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE The rapid detection, screening, and isotopic signature analysis of inorganics provide invaluable information for a variety of applications including explosive device detection, nuclear forensics, and environmental monitoring. The coupling of ultrasonic nebulization and extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) enabled the mass spectrometric (MS) detection and analysis of inorganics from microliter sample solution aliquots. METHODS Ultrasonic nebulization and acoustic pressure wave focusing within an array of exponential horn structures were utilized for the efficient atomization of discrete liquid samples ranging in volume from 3 μL to 10 μL pipetted aliquots. In conjunction with an electro-flow focusing source for extractive electrospray ionization (EESI), in-source collision-induced dissociation (CID) was utilized to enhance inorganic detection through fragmentation of adducts and reduction in chemical noise from organic compounds. RESULTS The investigated system enhanced detection of the singly charged elemental cation species and provided accurate measurements of isotopic distributions for a number of metal ions. The extent of CID demonstrated the competition between ligand loss from hydrate clusters and charge reduction from the doubly charged to singly charged cations for the alkaline earth metal ions of strontium and barium. Inorganics were also detected from complex matrices, including synthetic fingerprint material and sediment, without detriment to device operation. CONCLUSIONS The described system provides a versatile tool for the rapid detection, speciation, and isotopic identification of inorganic compounds at nanogram to sub-nanogram levels from microliter aliquots. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Women and Coronary Heart Disease: A Century After Herrick Understudied, Underdiagnosed, and Undertreated

Among the accolades most valued by a clinical cardiologist is to be selected to deliver the annual James B. Herrick Lecture. This lecture honors the legacy of James Herrick as an icon for the cardiac clinician/scientist. I am enormously grateful to the Council on Clinical Cardiology for this singular recognition. My choice to address “Women and Coronary Heart Disease: A Century after Herrick” will show that this problem remains understudied, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. First, to James Herrick and his landmark contributions. As we know, in the 1900s, myocardial infarction was considered a uniformly fatal event, and its etiology was largely unknown. Herrick's scholarly 1912 presentation to the Association of American Physicians, subsequently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association , highlighted that survival could occur after myocardial infarction, albeit often for only a few days. Buttressed by meticulous autopsy data, he documented coronary artery thrombosis as the mechanism for myocardial infarction.1 Although dismayed by lack of response from colleagues to this carefully detailed scenario, Herrick continued to study and to publish, advocating treatment with digitalis to enhance myocardial contractility and maintain blood pressure, rather than use of nitroglycerin, which did not perform satisfactorily. Always a mentor, he encouraged Dr Fred Smith to explore the diagnostic potential of the newly available precordial ECG for recognition of myocardial infarction in a living patient,2 and the rest is history. Herrick's precise case presentations (incidentally all of male patients) and autopsy confirmation established thrombogenesis as pivotal in myocardial infarction and paved the way for antithrombotic therapy, coronary thrombolysis, and percutaneous coronary interventions later in the 20th century. In his 1926 article, “The Clinician of the Future,” in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Herrick cited the usefulness of physicians to society as a whole as the physicians' reason for …
A comparative evaluation of the safety and contraceptive effectiveness of 65 mg and 100 mg of 90-day norethindrone (NET) injectable microspheres: a multicenter study.

The first of a second generation of slow-release injectable contraceptives is the noreth-indrone (NET) microspheres with a 90-day duration of action. It was evaluated at 65-mg and 100-mg doses for safety and contraceptive effectiveness in two randomized, singleblind trials among 131 women: 94 women for 12 months and 37 women for 6 months. The 6-month trial included additional evaluations of ovarian function and serum NET values. In the 6-month trial, no indication of ovulation was detected in the 100-mg dose group, while 3 of the 19 women in the 65-mg group showed signs of ovulation (progesterone > 3 ng/ml). No pregnancies were reported in the 100-mg group and one pregnancy in the 65mg group resulted in a life-table pregnancy rate for that dose of 2.6 per 100 woman-years (95% confidence interval, 0 to 7.5). Days of vaginal bleeding were analyzed for 30 days before treatment and in 90-day reference periods after treatment. The mean number of vaginal bleeding and spotting days increased initially after the first injection in both dose groups, but decreased to below baseline in both dose groups after 6 months. The two doses appear comparable in clinical safety, side effects, vaginal bleeding patterns, and laboratory measures. With the preliminary estimate of efficacy, the 65-mg dose would be the minimally effective dose for the NET 90-day injectable contraceptive.
Impacts of Adding Photovoltaic Solar System On-Board to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Towards Meeting 2025 Fuel Economy CAFE Standards

The challenge of meeting the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards of 2025 has led to major developments in thetransportation sector, among which is the attempt to utilize clean energy sources. To date, use of solar energy as an auxiliary source ofon-board fuel has not been extensively investigated. This paper is the first study at undertaking a comprehensive analysis of using solarenergy on-board by means of photovoltaic (PV) technologies to enhance automotive fuel economies, extend driving ranges, reducegreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and ensure better economic value of internal combustion engine (ICE) -based vehicles to meet CAFEstandards though 2025. This paper details and compares various aspects of hybrid solar electric vehicles with conventional ICE vehicles.Different driving locations, vehicle sizes, various driving patterns and different cost scenarios are used in order to enhance the currentunderstanding of the applicability and effectiveness of using on-board PV modules in individual automobiles and ensure an accuraterepresentation of driving conditions in all U.S states at any time. These times and location-dependent results obtained over a year show anincrease in the combined mile per gallon (MPG) at noon in the range of 2.9-9.5% for a vehicle similar to a Tesla S, and a significantincrease in the range of 10.7-42.2% for lightweight and aerodynamic efficient vehicles. In addition, by adding on-board PVs to cover lessthan 50% of the projected horizontal surface area of a typical mid-size vehicle (e.g., Toyota Camry or Nissan Leaf), up to 50% of totaldaily miles traveled by an average U.S. person could be driven by solar energy. Also, the return on investment (ROI) of adding PVson-board with ICE vehicle over its lifetime shows only negative values when the price of gasoline remains below $4.0 per gallon and thevehicle is driven in low-solar energy area (e.g., Boston, MA). The same ROI is more than 250% if the vehicle is driven in high-solarenergy area (e.g., Arizona), even if the gasoline price remains low. For future price scenarios, this ROI is much higher - nearly 10 times theinvestment cost under some scenarios, with the assumption of an eventual decline in battery costs. With regard to environmental impacts,significant gasoline gallons savings (~500-3400) and CO2 emission reduction (~5.0 to 34.0 short tons) are achieved.
Sovereign Immunity and Enforcement of Awards in International Commercial Arbitration

International commercial transactions often involve states and state agencies in contractual dealings with individuals and multinational corporations and owing to the reluctance of states to subject disputes arising from their transactions to the courts of another state, arbitration is often the forum of choice for resolution of disputes arising from such international commercial transactions involving state parties and their agencies. The ultimate goal of arbitration proceedings is the rendering of an enforceable award for settlement of the disputes between the parties. However, in the event of an unfavorable award against a state or state agency in international arbitration, one veritable hurdle usually encountered by the successful party in enforcing the award is the plea of sovereign immunity by the state entity. Since the very essence of arbitration is the rendering of an enforceable award, this plea of sovereign immunity serves to frustrate and defeat the essence of entering into an international arbitration with a state entity. Nevertheless, in view of the nature of international business transactions, multinational companies and other international business agencies cannot avoid dealing with state entities and international arbitration remains the preferred dispute resolution forum for these international transactions. So how do these individuals and multinational corporations protect themselves, their investments and the sanctity of their arbitration proceedings from been frustrated by a plea of sovereign immunity by the state party in the event of a successful award?This research aims at undertaking a critical analysis of the concept of sovereign immunity and its applicability to international commercial arbitration proceedings and to highlight recent trends and issues in the area of sovereign immunity that are frequently encountered in international commercial arbitration. Essentially, this research shall examine the problems encountered by non-state parties in enforcing a successful award against state entities and scrutinize the various ingenious ways that have been devised by these non-state parties to side-track and subvert the plea of sovereign immunity by state entities.
Effect of Carbon Nanotube Functionalization on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cross-Linked Epoxy–Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites: Role of Strengthening the Interfacial Interactions

We have used amido-amine functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that form covalent bonds with cross-linked epoxy matrices to elucidate the role of the matrix–filler interphase in the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties in these nanocomposites. For the base case of nanocomposites of cross-linked epoxy and pristine single-walled CNTs, our previous work (Khare, K. S.; Khare, R. J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 7444–7454) has shown that weak matrix–filler interactions cause the interphase region in the nanocomposite to be more compressible. Furthermore, because of the weak matrix–filler interactions, the nanocomposite containing dispersed pristine CNTs has a glass transition temperature (Tg) that is ∼66 K lower than the neat polymer. In this work, we demonstrate that in spite of the presence of stiff CNTs in the nanocomposite, the Young’s modulus of the nanocomposite containing dispersed pristine CNTs is virtually unchanged compared to the neat cross-linked epoxy. This observation suggests that the co...
An Asymmetric Hydrogenation Route To (−)-Spongidepsin

(−)-Spongidepsin 1, a cytotoxic marine natural product, was prepared via two iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation reactions; both were highly stereoselective, giving convenient access to pivotal intermediates. This synthesis was modified to give several spongidepsin analogues, and their cytotoxicities were compared with those of the natural product.
Activation of type C RNA tumor virus expressions in tumors induced by cell cultures transformed by polyoma virus.

SummaryNIH Swiss mouse embryo cells transformed by polyoma virus were negative for virus and group-specific (gs) antigens of type C RNA tumor virus. When the transformed cells were transplanted into subcutaneous tissues of newborn NIH Swiss mice the tumors were positive for gs antigens but negative for infectious virus. Similarly, polyoma virus transformed hamster embryo cells led to hamster leukemia virus gs antigen after transplantation into newborn virus-free hamsters. Since mouse and hamster cells have been shown to contain the complete genome of the RNA tumor viruses, we suggest that a DNA tumor (polyoma) virus transformation in cell cultures and expressed (or activated) gs antigen of type C RNA tumor virus in tumors may be related events.We thank Mrs. S. Ricklis and Mr. J. Kim for their excellent technical assistance.
Erosion of plasma-facing components under simulated disruption-like conditions using an electrothermal plasma gun

The NCSU electrothermal plasma gun, SIRENS, has been used to evaluate the erosion behavior of plasma-facing components under conditions simulating plasma disruption in tokamaks. The device is capable of producing conditions with heat fluence up to 10 MJ/m{sup 2} over 0.1 and 0.25 ms pulse duration. In future large tokamaks, plasma-facing components are expected to receive heat fluxes during a plasma disruption, which may exceed 100 GW/m{sup 2} over 0.01-5 ms. The vapor, which is developed at the ablating surface, absorbs a fraction of the incoming plasma energy. Candidate plasma-facing materials have been exposed to heat fluxes in the SIRENS facility (primarily from a blackbody spectrum photons), up to 100 GW/m{sup 2} over 0.1-0.25 ms. The vapor shielding effect has been demonstrated and analyzed for the divertor candidate materials.
Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Brushite Stone Formers Compared With Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers

Objective To study brushite stone formers (BSFs) change in renal function and overall risk of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of all patients with urolithiasis on stone analysis was performed from 1995 to 2003. Stones were classified as brushite if they had at least 10% brushite composition on analysis. Patients with a minimum of 6 years of clinical follow-up were included in the study. BSFs were matched 1:3 to idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers (CaOx SF) over the same time period. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. CKD was classified according to the National Kidney Foundation definition, with grade 3 defined as 2 . Results We identified 20 BSFs who met the inclusion criteria and matched to 60 CaOx SFs. Pure brushite stones were identified in 13 (65%) patients and 17 (85%) had >50% brushite composition. The median patient age (48 vs 47 years, P = .82) and baseline eGFR were not different between BSF and CaOx SF (74 vs 69 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , P = .68). No patients had stage IV or higher CKD in either group. At median follow-up of 13.6 years, both eGFR (78 vs 74 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , P = .61) and change in eGFR (0.31 vs 3.2 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , P = .92) were similar between groups despite the BSF having a higher stone recurrence rate (80% vs 42%, P = .003). No brushite patients experienced a change in CKD stage. Conclusion BSFs were not shown to be at increased clinical risk of CKD compared with CaOx SFs at long-term follow-up despite more frequent stone recurrence.
Synthesis and directional assembly of gibbous and inverse-gibbous colloidal nanoparticles

Abstract Due to the absence of anisotropic directional bonds, one of the intriguing aspects of nanoparticle structural organizations is encoding directionally guided arrays. Although van der Waals, electrostatic interactions and geometrical matching were proposed, a controllable assembly of isotropic shapes still remains to be a challenge. These studies show the synthesis of gibbous/inverse-gibbous colloidal nanoparticles that utilized hydrophobic and hydrophilic environments during aqueous emulsion polymerization resulting in the formation of opposite shape matching surface topographies. The topography-matching nanoparticles stabilized by opposite charges are capable of forming directional assemblies facilitated by electrostatic forces and mechanical interlocking. As a result, combining gibbous and inverse-gibbous nanoparticles results in the formation of 2D directional arrays. When the same nanoparticles are deposited on a surface, crack-and defect-free colloidal morphologies develop which form face-center-cubicle (fcc) colloidal assemblies with highest packing densities.
Classifier System Implementation of KL-ONE

This chapter describes the KL-ONE representation in classifier systems. It describes the mapping from KL-ONE to classifier system production rules (classifiers) and presents the algorithms for querying a KL-ONE knowledge structure. The chapter also describes the parallel algorithms as independently of classifier systems as possible before showing the implementation in classifier systems. Thus, even though the emphasis is on classifier systems, the parallel algorithms could be implemented on any machine that supported parallel graph search, Boolean operations, sorting, and arithmetic. The chapter presents mapping from KL-ONE to classifiers in two parts. First, there is a high-level overview of how classifiers are used to represent each major part of KL-ONE and second, a more detailed description is provided. In the classifier system implementation, every KL-ONE network is considered to have a set-theoretic universe associated with it. The elements of this universe are the concepts and roles that form the network. This representation allows important KL-ONE queries to be computed using Boolean operations on collections of concepts and roles.
Concurrent Central Venous Stent and Central Venous Access Device Placement Does Not Compromise Stent Patency or Catheter Function in Patients with Malignant Central Venous Obstruction.

Abstract Purpose To determine if concurrent placement of a central venous stent (CVS) and central venous access device (CVAD) compromises stent patency or catheter function in patients with malignant central venous obstruction. Materials and Methods CVS placement for symptomatic stenosis resulting from malignant compression was performed in 33 consecutive patients who were identified retrospectively over a 10-year period; 28 (85%) patients had superior vena cava syndrome, and 5 (15%) had arm swelling. Of patients, 11 (33%) underwent concurrent CVS and CVAD placement, exchange, or repositioning; 22 (67%) underwent CVS deployment alone and served as the control group. Types of CVADs ranged from 5-F to 9.5-F catheters. Endpoints were CVS patency as determined by clinical symptoms or CT and CVAD function, which was determined by clinical performance. Results All procedures were technically successful. There was no difference between the 2 groups in clinically symptomatic CVS occlusion ( P = .2) or asymptomatic in-stent stenosis detected on CT ( P = .5). None of the patients in the CVS and CVAD group had recurrent clinical symptoms, but 3 (30%) of 10 patients with imaging follow-up had asymptomatic in-stent stenosis. In the control group, 3 (14%) patients had clinically symptomatic CVS occlusion and required stent revision, whereas 4 (21%) of 19 patients with imaging follow-up had asymptomatic in-stent stenosis. During the study, 2 (20%) functional but radiographically malpositioned catheters were identified (0.66 per 1,000 catheter days). Conclusions Presence of a CVAD through a CVS may not compromise stent patency or catheter function compared with CVS placement alone.
Barbara Lynch Gruppo: An Entrepreneurial Journey

BL Gruppo, a holding company that operated eight wildly acclaimed and highly rated restaurants, plus a catering operation, in Boston, Massachusetts was a culinary mini-empire that had continually achieved recognition as a great organization. The story of BL Gruppo was also two stories of two entrepreneurial journeys. One was the journey of Barbara Lynch, a high school dropout who, through hard work, self-education, perseverance, and entrepreneurial focus, became a world-class chef, and the other was the journey of someone with no formal business training who built a culinary business employing over 230 people and grossing close to $18 million in revenue. Now Lynch faced one of her biggest challenges: How to institutionalize her business to sustain the enjoyment of her regular customers and the opportunity for advancement by her employees, at the same time giving her management team and herself a chance to monetize and create wealth? And just as important: Should she keep directing her entrepreneurial zeal toward trying new business opportunities? Excerpt UVA-ENT-0189 Rev. Jun. 8, 2012 Barbara Lynch Gruppo: An Entrepreneurial Journey Barbara Lynch Gruppo (BL Gruppo) was a holding company that operated eight wildly acclaimed and highly rated restaurants, plus a catering operation, in Boston, Massachusetts. BL Gruppo's culinary mini-empire—award-winning French, Italian, seafood, pasta, and steak restaurants, one of the top bars in the United States, a butcher shop, a catering company, and a demonstration cooking class business—had continually achieved recognition as a great organization. But the story of BL Gruppo was actually two stories, of two entrepreneurial journeys. One was the journey of Lynch, a high school dropout and former numbers runner from the projects of South Boston who, through hard work, self-education, perseverance, and entrepreneurial focus, became a world-class chef. The other was the journey of someone with no formal business training who built a culinary business employing over 230 people and grossing close to $ 18 million in revenue. Lynch's personal story was about her dream and her struggle to fulfill it; her business story was about her growth as an entrepreneur, about making the transition from control freak to leader, building and inspiring teams, acknowledging her weaknesses, and attracting quality people to mitigate those weaknesses. With all of her success, she never lost touch with where she came from and who she was. She understood how fragile success was because, as she said, “I have to work kick-ass hard to stay good.” Now she faced what she considered one of her biggest challenges: How might she institutionalize her business to sustain the enjoyment expected by her regular customers and the opportunity for advancement by her loyal employees, while at the same time giving her management team and herself chance to monetize and create wealth? And just as important: Should she keep directing her entrepreneurial zeal toward trying new business opportunities? What was enough to satisfy both Lynch the person and Lynch the entrepreneur? . . .
A Stably Unstable System with 4.5 Billion Participants

Abstract The stable instability of our world system shows empirically the inadequacy of the current self-defending World-View. To replace it will require a sequential procedure of at least two steps. First, we humans must create a theoretical system which qualifies as self-correcting, and meets other constraints; and second, enough people must learn how to USE the new system (as opposed to TALKING ABOUT it) to begin replacing the current one. We may consider such a World-View satisfactory in these terms if and only if: It qualifies as lived rather than “intellectual,” and satifies at least four constraints: 1) delivering a self-consistent symbol-system acceptable to humans regardless of native language, culture, ethnic origins, etc. 2) showing itself capable of guiding us to deploy our currently available human resources so as to gain our living in the biosphere without producing planetary catastrophe; 3) qualifying as scientifically adequate, in the sense that it does not hinge on or subscribe to already-discovered error; qualify-qualifying as a comprehensive Gestalt, which transforms every aspect of the World-View: the logics, mathematics, quantitative and non-quantitative sciences, philosophies, jurisprudences, religions, as well as the lived patterns by which humans deal with themselves, each other, other species, and their non-living environments. I present a theoretical system which rigorously develops on the construct of self-correcting. I present evidence that it qualifies as lived rather than intellectual, and that it satisfies these four constraints.
Compensatory Innervation in Development and Evolution

The evolution of mammalian brains has involved a spectacular amount of parcellation and diversification. Each brain region receives its own characteristic set of inputs and contains its own characteristic circuits, which together define its functional role in producing behavior. Yet we understand little about what guides particular sets of afferents to project to a given brain region, or about how presumptive brain regions are directed to form particular circuits, either in a developmental or an evolutionary sense. By using developmental manipulations that mimic potential evolutionary changes, such as changes in the number or type of sensory afferents, we have been able to gain insight into how evolution may have co-opted mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity in the brain. We have used two different experimental manipulations, retinotopic map compression and cross-modal plasticity, that lead to compensatory innervation and result in recovery of function in central sensory circuits during development. By understanding how the brain compensates for developmental alterations in input, it is possible to gain insight into how developmental programs may have been used or modified over evolutionary time to produce specialized, adaptive circuitry in more derived species.
Ion-Exchanged SAPO-34 Membranes for Krypton-Xenon Separation: Control of Permeation Properties and Fabrication of Hollow Fiber Membranes.

Separation of radioisotope 85Kr from 136Xe is of importance in used nuclear fuel reprocessing. Membrane separation based on zeolite molecular sieves such as chabazite SAPO-34 is an attractive alternative to energy-intensive cryogenic distillation. We report the synthesis of SAPO-34 membranes with considerably enhanced performance via thickness reduction based upon control of a steam-assisted vapor–solid conversion technique followed by ion exchange with alkali metal cations. The reduction of membrane thickness leads to a large increase in Kr permeance from 7.5 to 26.3 gas permeation units (GPU) with ideal Kr/Xe selectivities >20 at 298 K. Cation-exchanged membranes show large (>50%) increases in selectivity at ambient or slight subambient conditions. The adsorption, diffusion, and permeation characteristics of ion-exchanged SAPO-34 materials and membranes are investigated in detail, with potassium-exchanged SAPO-34 membranes showing particularly attractive performance. We then demonstrate the fabrication ...
Delayed injury of hippocampal interneurons after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and therapeutic hypothermia in a murine model.

Delayed hippocampal injury and memory impairments follow neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) despite the use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Death of hippocampal pyramidal cells occurs acutely after HI, but characterization of delayed cell death and injury of interneurons (INs) is unknown. We hypothesize that injury of INs after HI is: (i) asynchronous to that of pyramidal cells, (ii) independent of injury severity, and (iii) unresponsive to TH. HI was induced in C57BL6 mice at p10 with unilateral right carotid ligation and 45 min of hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.08). Mice were randomized to normothermia (36 °C, NT) or TH (31 °C) for 4 hr after HI and anesthesia-exposed shams were use as controls. Brains were studied at 24 hr (p11) or 8 days (p18) after HI. Vglut1, GAD65/67, PSD95, parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin-1 (Calb1) were measured. Cell death was assessed using cresyl violet staining and TUNEL assay. Hippocampal atrophy and astroglyosis at p18 were used to assess injury severity and to correlate with number of PV + INs. VGlut1 level decreased by 30% at 24 hr after HI, while GAD65/67 level decreased by ∼50% in forebrain 8 days after HI, a decrease localized in CA1 and CA3. PSD95 levels decreased in forebrain by 65% at 24 hr after HI and remained low 8 days after HI. PV + INs increased in numbers (per mm2 ) and branching between p11 and p18 in sham mice but not in NT and TH mice, resulting in 21-52% fewer PV + INs in injured mice at p18. Calb1 protein and mRNA were also reduced in HI injured mice at p18. At p18, somatodendritic attrition of INs was evident in all injured mice without evidence of cell death. Neither hippocampal atrophy nor astroglyosis correlated with the number of PV + INs at p18. Thus, HI exposure has long lasting effects in the hippocampus impairing the development of the GABAergic system with only partial protection by TH independent of the degree of hippocampal injury. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Price Elasticities in the Hearing Room: The Promise and Limits of Econometric Analyses of Telecommunications Demand

My initiation to using econometric demand models in a serious way in the telephone industry was with a telephone call in late 1975 from Edward D. Lowry, then at State Regulatory at AT&T in New York. Mountain Bell had just had its nose bloodied in a rate hearing before the Public Utility Commission in New Mexico. An intervenor with some econometric sophistication had raised some embarrassing questions about Mountain’s method of calculating the repression effects of some proposed new toll rates. The request for repression was denied, and Mountain had appealed to State Regulatory at AT&T for help.
Effective operators in two-nucleon systems

Effective Hamiltonians and effective electroweak operators are calculated with the Okubo-Lee-Suzuki formalism for two-nucleon systems. Working within a harmonic oscillator basis, first without and then with a confining harmonic oscillator trap, we demonstrate the effects of renormalization on observables calculated for truncated basis spaces. We illustrate the renormalization effects for the root-mean-square point-proton radius, electric quadrupole moment, magnetic dipole moment, Gamow-Teller transition, and neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay operator using nucleon-nucleon interactions from chiral effective field theory. Renormalization effects tend to be larger in the weaker traps and smaller basis spaces, suggesting applications to heavier nuclei with transitions dominated by weakly bound nucleons would be subject to more significant renormalization effects within achievable basis spaces.
Correction to: A Pilot Randomized Trial of a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention for Child Welfare-Involved Families

In the original online publication of this article, the direction and significance of effect sizes in Table 2 were omitted and have been included in this erratum.
The quality of breast cancer quality measures.

108Background: To assess quality in breast cancer care, standardized metrics are needed. Many accepted breast performance metrics are based on evidence-based practice; however, most fail to reflect patient choice in treatment decisions. Given the focus on patient-centered breast care, we sought to determine how compliance with established quality metrics correlates with receipt of breast cancer care impacted by patient preference. Methods: American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Cancer Data Base facilities were designated compliant or non-compliant based on Commission of Cancer (CoC) breast metrics MASTRT, BCSRT and HT*, which all improve survival. Compliant facilities met the expected performance rate (EPR) for all three metrics, while non-compliant facilities failed to meet the EPR for any. Rates of breast conserving surgery (BCS) for early stage cancer, immediate breast reconstruction (IBR), and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) are proposed metrics that are impacted by patient preference...
Genital Herpes Disclosure Timing: The Role of Romantic and Sexual Relationship Milestones

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that individuals with genital herpes tell partners about carrying the herpes virus prior to sexual initiation. However, the limited research on genital herpes disclosure timing indicates that disclosure often occurs after sexual initiation and is prompted by other relationship milestones, such as establishing an exclusive partnership. The purpose of this study was to describe genital herpes disclosure timing with respect to both sexual and romantic relationship milestones using a quantitative methodology to understand which milestones are associated with disclosure. Data were collected through an online survey. To be included in the present analysis, participants (n = 92) had to indicate they were 18 years of age or older, had genital herpes, and had oral, anal, or vaginal sex since their diagnosis. Eighty percent (n = 74) disclosed their status to their last sexual partner. Among individuals who performed the following activities, 59% disclosed prior to having oral or vaginal sex and 56% prior to anal sex. With the progression of relationship milestones, higher levels of disclosure occurred: 14% disclosed before a first date whereas 73% disclosed before marriage. Disclosure was significantly associated (p < .05) with romantic relationship milestones, but not sexual milestones with the exclusion of anal sex. Disclosure often occurred after potential exposure to the genital herpes virus through sexual contact. Preliminary findings suggest that individuals with genital herpes may disclose their status more commonly in response to romantic relationship milestones, as opposed to sexual milestones as the CDC recommendation suggests.
Plea Decision-making: the Influence of Attorney Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Recommendation

Attorney recommendations influence defendant plea decisions; and the degree of influence likely rests on the perceived trustworthiness and level of expertise of the attorney (factors of source cred...
Long-Term Outcomes After Pediatric Tracheostomy-Candidates for and Timing of Decannulation.

Abstract Background Although pediatric tracheostomy has been a widely performed, life-saving procedure, its long-term outcomes have remained unclear. This study aimed to review outcomes after tracheostomy at a Japanese tertiary hospital and clarify candidates for and timing of decannulation. Materials and methods Hospital records of critically ill children who underwent tracheostomy from 2001 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed, subsequently analyzing outcomes according to demographics, complications, and decannulation. After excluding those who were lost to follow-up or had irreversible neuromuscular impairment, the remaining patients were divided into the decannulation (D group) and nondecannulation (ND group) groups and compared. Results In total, 184 patients who underwent tracheostomy were analyzed (median age at operation: 0.5 y). The major indication for tracheostomy was irreversible neuromuscular impairment (46%). Surgery-related and overall mortality rates were 1% and 25%, respectively, while the successful decannulation rate was 21%. No significant difference in surgical indications or comorbidities was observed between the D (n = 39) and ND (n = 50) groups, except for infection (7 in D group versus 0 in ND group; P = 0.002) and chromosome-gene disorder (15% versus 34%; P = 0.04). The ND group had a significantly higher mortality rate than the D group (46% versus 3%; P Conclusions Patients who underwent tracheostomy at our institution due to temporary infections achieved more successful and earlier decannulation compared to other indications. Chromosome-gene disorder as a comorbidity can negatively affect decannulation.