cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tuning Indicators and Circuits for Frequency-Modulation Receivers

Frequency modulation provides good reception, but requires operation at resonance. The circuits described in these pages are applicable to standard receivers and provide effective means for accurate tuning. Some of these circuits include additional diodes, triodes, and combinations of diodes and triodes to produce sharp determination of the discriminator crossover point. A novel tuning eye employing two grids is suggested for a simplified tuning indicator.
Congenital and neonatal leukemia

Congenital and neonatal leukemia occur rarely, yet carry high mortality rates and pose special problems for the perinatologist and hematologist. Although the etiology is unknown, the presence of leukemia at birth suggests genetic abnormalities and possibly intrauterine exposures to drugs or other toxins as contributing factors. Specific chromosomal rearrangements that are common in congenital leukemia have recently been identified and promise to enhance our understanding of these enigmatic diseases. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes many disorders that occur frequently in the neonatal period. Infants diagnosed with congenital or neonatal leukemia require thorough investigative workup and extensive supportive care. Although the prognosis is poor, recent use of high-intensity multiagent chemotherapy regimens has produced promising results.
Winners and Losers in Cinema and Memoirs: Emilio Martínez Lázaro's Las 13 rosas and Esther Tusquets' Habíamos ganado la guerra

This essay closely examines two very different works: Emilio Martinez Lazaro's award-winning feature film Las 13 rosas and Esther Tusquets’ Habiamos ganado la guerra, the first volume of personal memoirs from a major writer, which begins in 1939 when the author was just three. Where Las 13 rosas focuses on the terror, repression, and violence of the early Franco regime, Tusquets’ narrative explores the era from the perspective of a child and adolescent of the Barcelona bourgeoisie to which she belonged. In taking it for granted that artistic representations of the past provide comment on or intervention in the present, the essay proposes, notwithstanding the distinctiveness of their truth claims, the mutuality of history and story, while recognizing the commonality of cognition and emotion, and the intertwining of subjectivity and objectivity in both cinema and memoir. The contribution of these texts to present understandings of that terrible time is closely evaluated.
The effect of cholecystokinin, bombesin and calcitonin on food intake in virgin, lactating and postweaning female rats

During lactation food intake increases greatly without an accompanying large increase in body weight; therefore, this physiological state is an excellent example of non-obese hyperphagia. In the present study, we found that cholecystokinin (CCK-8) decreased food intake in lactating and virgin female rats. However, female rats were more resistant to the effect of CCK on eating following weaning of the pups. Bombesin (BB) suppressed food intake in virgin female rats and in lactating rats during early and mid lactation. Rats were resistant to its satiating effect during late lactation and during the postweaning period. Calcitonin potently suppressed food intake in virgin, lactating and postweaning rats. The present findings suggest that CCK and bombesin decrease food intake more effectively in virgin female rats and during earlier phases of lactation than during late lactation or postweaning.
Bearing surface design in total knee replacement.

Surfaces for condylar total knee replacement are designed using computergraphics techniques. An average anatomical femoral surface is represented mathematically. Mathematical equations are written to describe normal knee motion and normal laxity. Tibial surfaces are generated by placing the femur stepwise in multiple sequential positions, through a defined three-dimensional motion or laxity path. In addition, a flat tibial surface is defined, to represent the least amount of femoral-tibial conformity in currently-used knee replacements. Elasticity theory is used to calculate the maximum contact stresses at the femoral-tibial contact points. The least stresses are produced with a fixed axis cylindrical motion, while the highest are with a flat tibial surface. A surface based on laxity produces lower stresses than for normal knee motion, and is thought to be acceptable in terms of both freedom of motion and stability. Such a laxity surface is proposed as being suitable for total knee design.
The utility of the forced oscillation technique in assessing bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with asthma.

Summary Objective : To address the utility of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in assessing bronchodilator responsiveness compared with forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV 1 ). Methods : This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive 126 patients with a clinical history of asthma without any other lung diseases at a pulmonary function testing laboratory. The following measurements were obtained three times each, before and after two doses of pirbuterol 0.2mg inhalation: the respiratory resistance at 5Hz ( R rs5), the mean respiratory resistance between 5 and 20Hz ( R rs5–20), and the mean respiratory conductance (Grs5–20) by FOT and the FEV 1 by spirometer. These measurements were transformed into dimensionless subject-specific effect-size " d -scores" by dividing them by the estimated pooled within-subject standard deviation. Results : Descriptive statistics for each value were the following [mean baseline value (±sd), Δ value (pre- minus post value), and d -score ( P value compared to FEV 1 )]: Grs5–20 (Ls −1 kPa −1 ) [1.79±0.53, Δ =+0.39, d =2.64 ( P R rs5–20 (kPaL −1 s) [0.60±0.16L, Δ =−0.10, d =2.56 ( P =0.001)], R rs5 (kPaL −1 s) [0.78±0.25, Δ =−0.16, d =2.52 ( P 1 (L) [1.90±0.64, Δ =−0.20, d =1.83]. The higher d -score of Grs5–20, R rs5–20 and R rs5 compared to FEV 1 indicates that these are better indicators for bronchodilator response than FEV 1 . The percentages of subjects exhibiting change in the expected direction after bronchodilator were not significantly different between each value: R rs5 (85.7%), R rs5–20 (83.3%), Grs5–20 (83.3%), and FEV 1 (83.3%) [ P >0.05]. Conclusions : Several forced oscillation measures, namely Grs5–20, R rs5–20 and R rs5, are more accurate and sensitive for detecting bronchodilator response than FEV 1 in patients with asthma.
Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Synkinesis: Clinical Features and Management

Objective To evaluate the clinical features including eyelid excursion and management of Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS). Design Observational case series. Participants Forty-eight consecutive patients with MGJWS. Methods Clinical features and management of 48 patients with MGJWS were reviewed retrospectively. Upper eyelid excursion was measured and graded. Complications of surgical intervention were evaluated. Main Outcome Measures Resolution of MGJWS and symmetry of upper eyelids in primary position. Results Excursion of the ptotic eyelid with jaw movement in MGJWS was graded as mild ( Conclusions Most of the patients with MGJWS exhibited moderate eyelid excursion. Disabling of the involved levator muscle and bilateral frontalis suspension and, in selected cases, disabling of the involved levator muscle and unilateral frontalis suspension were effective in the treatment of MGJWS. Eyelash ptosis and loss of eyelid crease were the most common complications, each occurring in 10% of the patients. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Binocular Photometric Stereo.

This paper considers the problem of computing scene depth from a stereo pair of cameras under a sequence of illumination directions. By integrating parallax and shading cues, we obtain both metric depth and fine surface details. Casting this problem into the filter flow framework [16], enables a convex formulation of the problem, and thus a globally optimal solution. We demonstrate high quality, continuous depth maps on a range of examples.
Pacemaker implantation and quality of life in the Mode Selection Trial (MOST)

Background Dual-chamber pacemakers restore AV synchrony compared with ventricular pacemakers, but the effects on health-related quality of life (QOL) are uncertain. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of pacemaker implantation, clinical factors, and pacing mode on QOL. Methods The Mode Selection Trial (MOST) randomized 2,010 patients with sinus node dysfunction to rate-modulated right ventricular (VVIR) or dual-chamber (DDDR) pacing. A longitudinal analysis of serial QOL measures (Short Form-36 [SF-36], Specific Activity Scale, and time trade-off utility) was performed. In patients who crossed over from VVIR to DDDR because of severe pacemaker syndrome, the last known QOL prior to crossover was carried forward. Results Pacemaker implantation resulted in substantial improvement in almost all QOL measures. Subjects 75 years or older experienced significantly less improvement in functional status and physical component summary scores than did younger subjects. In longitudinal analyses of the effect of pacing mode on QOL, significant improvement in three SF-36 subscales was observed with DDDR pacing compared with VVIR pacing: role physical [62.8 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.2, 65.5) vs 56.4 (95% CI 53.7, 59.1)], role emotional [85.0 (95% CI 82.9, 87.0) vs 81.9 (95% CI 79.9, 84.0)], and vitality [51.8 (95% CI 50.3, 53.3) vs 49.3 (95% CI 47.8, 50.7)], but not in other SF-36 subscales, the Specific Activity Scale, or utilities. The gains in QOL were larger than the declines associated with 1 year of aging but smaller than those associated with heart failure. Conclusion Pacemaker implantation improved health-related QOL. The mode selected was associated with much smaller, but significant, improvements in several domains, particularly role physical function.
Integrated PET/CT Guidance System for Oncologic Interventional Radiology

Interventional radiology procedures such as radiofrequency ablation are a vital component of minimally invasive cancer treatment, and use of these techniques is on the rise. At the same time, PET imaging has revolutionized the care of cancer patients with its ability to rapidly and accurately screen for the presence of neoplastic disease. Our goal is to bring the full power of PET imaging into the arena of interventional radiology, by developing an integrated image guidance system using co-registered PET and CT to enable new and improved cancer therapies. Within the current system, we have several modular components built around an open source software framework. The first component is a respiratory compensation system for matching the PET image (acquired under free breathing) to the CT image (acquired at end-inspiration). The second component is a system for performing registration between CT and fluoroscopy to enable the PET information to be brought into the interventional workspace. As an alternative to fluoroscopy guidance, we have also developed a third component for using electromagnetic tracking, which can determine the position of tools in the treatment field without ionizing radiation. Finally, we have respiratory phantoms to simulate a wide variety of breathing motion and provide a robust testing platform for our system. We are currently testing the system using these phantoms in preparation for future animal and clinical trials.
Intraventricular insulin and leptin reduce food intake and body weight in C57BL/6J mice.

Abstract As the incidence of obesity continues to increase, adequate animal models acquire increased importance for the investigation of energy homeostatic mechanisms. Understanding the central mechanism of action of the adiposity hormones, insulin and leptin, has become particularly important as researchers examine ways to treat or prevent obesity. Although the intra-3rd-ventricular (i3vt) administration of insulin reduces food intake in several species, its effects on food intake and body weight have not been previously been assessed in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered insulin i3vt (0.05, 0.1 or 0.4 μU) or leptin i3vt (5 μg/1 μl) as a positive control. As it occurs in other species, i3vt insulin dose-dependently reduced 24-h food intake and body weight, and increased hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA. Hence, genetic manipulations that influence brain insulin sensitivity in mice can now more easily be integrated with the broader literature on energy homeostasis.
Self-verification processes: How we sustain our self-conceptions

Abstract It is proposed here that individuals use their social interactions as opportunities to verify and confirm their self-conceptions. In a series of empirical investigations, three unique strategies of self-verification are examined. In Investigation I, participants were more likely to seek social feedback when they believed that it would confirm their self-conceptions. In Investigation II, participants elicited reactions from their interaction partners that confirmed their self-conceptions, especially when they suspected that their interaction partners' appraisals might disconfirm their self-conceptions. In Investigation III, participants preferentially recalled social feedback that confirmed their self-conceptions. Thus, within each of three distinct phases of the social interaction, people sought to verify their self-conceptions. The interplay of different strategies of self-verification and the conditions under which they will occur are discussed.
Ice loads on the caisson structures in the Canadian Beaufort Sea

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the characteristics, instrumentation and measured ice loads on the caisson structures that were used for exploratory drilling in the Canadian Beaufort Sea in the 1970s and 1980s. Details are presented on the Tarsiut Caisson, the Single-Steel Drilling Caisson (SSDC), the Caisson-Retained Island (CRI), and the Mobile Arctic Caisson (MAC) Molikpaq. The global loads on the structures are presented as a Line Load (Global Load per unit width of the structure) and the Global Pressure (Line Load per unit ice thickness). Over 170 loading events are documented. There is excellent agreement amongst the measured loads on all of the structures if factors such as ice rubble and ice thickness are considered. Global loads are shown to be a function of the ice macrostructure (level first-year sea ice, multi-year ice, first-year ridges, hummock fields, isolated floes) and failure mode of the ice (bending, creep, mixed mode, crushing). The analysis shows that there is a general increase in the Line Load with increasing ice thickness. Empirical equations are presented to predict the global load in terms of the ice thickness and structure width for different ice failure modes. The most significant result of the analysis shows that the maximum Global Pressure measured for all types of ice loading events never exceeded 2 MN/m 2 , with the vast majority less than 1.5 MN/m 2 .
Modelling viral and immune system dynamics

During the past 6 years, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and other viruses, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, that cause chronic infection. The use of mathematical modelling to interpret experimental results has made a significant contribution to this field. Mathematical modelling is also improving our understanding of T-cell dynamics and the quantitative events that underlie the immune response to pathogens.
Improved survival of stroke patients during the 1980s. The Minnesota Stroke Survey.

Background and Purpose The underlying reasons for the decline in stroke mortality in the United States are not well understood and have been the subject of ongoing debate. This study was undertaken to determine whether survival of hospitalized stroke patients has changed during the 1980s, thereby contributing to the decline in stroke mortality during that period. Methods For the years 1980, 1985, and 1990, we obtained listings of discharge diagnoses from hospitals in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area and identified all hospitalizations with a discharge diagnosis code of acute cerebrovascular disease according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision. A 50% random sample of men and women aged 30 to 74 years was selected in each survey for detailed medical record abstraction. Standardized sets of criteria for stroke were then used to validate acute stroke events throughout the 1980s. Each of the three period cohorts of hospitalized stroke patients (1980, 1985, and 1990) was foll...
Modeling Gas Separation Membranes

Recent advances in the development and application of self-assembly templating techniques have opened up the possibility of tailoring membranes for specific separation problems. A new self-assembly processing route to generate inorganic membrane films has made it feasible to finely control both the three-dimensional (3D) porosity and the chemical nature of the adsorbing structures. Chemical sites can be added to a porous membrane either after the inorganic scaffolding has been put in place or, alternatively, chemical sites can be co-assembled in a one-step process. To provide guidance to the optimized use of these ‘designer’ membranes we have developed a substantial modeling program that focuses on permeation through porous materials. The key issues that need to be modeled concern 1) the equilibrium adsorption behavior in a variety of 3D porous structures, ranging from straight pore channels to fractal structures, 2) the transport (i.e. diffusion) behavior in these structures. Enriching the problem is the presence of reactive groups that may be present on the surface. An important part of the design of actual membranes is to optimize these reactive sites with respect to their strength as characterized by the equilibrium constant, and the positioning of these sites on the adsorbing surface. What makes the technological problem challenging is that the industrial application requires both high flux and high selectivity. What makes the modeling challenging is the smallness of the length scale (molecular) that characterizes the surface reaction and the confinement in the pores. This precludes the use of traditional continuum engineering methods. However, we must also capture the 3D connectivity of the porous structure which is characterized by a larger than molecular length scale. We will discuss how we have used lattice models and both Monte Carlo and 3D density functional theory methods to tackle these modeling challenges.
DIMORPHISM IN SHELL SHAPE AND STRENGTH IN TWO SPECIES OF EMYDID TURTLE

Abstract This study investigates the mechanical implications of shell shape differences between males and females of two North American turtle species: Chrysemys picta and Glyptemys insculpta. These species show patterns of sexual dimorphism that are common to many species of turtle. Females have wider and more highly domed shells, whereas males tend to have flatter, more streamlined shells. In addition, the males of many terrestrial species have concave plastra, most likely to accommodate the domed shells of the females while mating. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the known morphological differences in male and female turtle shells are also associated with differences in shell strength. Landmark coordinate data were collected from the shells of males and females of both species. These data were used to create digital models of each shell for finite-element (FE) analysis. FE models were generated by transforming a single base model of a turtle shell to match the shapes of each specimen...
Characteristics of a High Solar Conversion Efficiency Gallium Arsenide p-n Junction

The characteristics of high-efficiency gallium arsenide solar cells are reported. Their open-circuit voltage is commonly greater than 0.8 v and the short-circuit current density collected is about one-half that calculated on the basis of absorbed photons. The temperature coefficient for maximum power operation is −0.0036/°C. Both spectral emissivity and spectral response are reported.
Energy transport in linear dielectrics

We examine the energy exchanged between an electromagnetic pulse and a linear dielectric medium in which it propagates. While group velocity indicates the presence of field energy (the locus of which can move with arbitrary speed), the velocity of energy transport maintains strict luminality. This indicates that the medium treats the leading and trailing portions of the pulse differently. The principle of causality requires the medium to respond to the instantaneous spectrum, the spectrum of the pulse truncated at each new instant as a given locale in the medium experiences the pulse.
Prolonged contact with blood alters surgical gown permeability

Abstract Introduction: Surgical gowns are designed to prevent or minimize transmission of blood and pathogens between patients and hospital personnel. During prolonged procedures, a gown will probably be presented with repeated challenges of blood and other liquids. These multiple insults may alter the fabric's permeability to subsequent blood contact. Methods: In this study, a pressing-leaning simulator was used to quantify changes in fabric permeability to blood after surgical gowns were prewetted with anticoagulated or coagulating blood. Results: Of the five commercially available gowns tested, contact with blood for 1 hr before application of an external pressure increased permeability for two gowns, decreased permeability for two gowns, and did not alter the permeability of one gown (as compared with test conditions in which the fabrics were not prewetted with blood). These data indicate that at least in some cases prolonged contact with blood increases the amount of blood penetration on application of an external pressure, such as may occur during a pressing or leaning motion. Conclusion: Because increased fabric permeability results in an increased risk of skin contact with liquid-borne pathogens for gown users, a major criterion in the design and selection of a gown should be its ability to resist blood penetration for prolonged periods.
Effect of soy nuts and equol status on blood pressure, lipids and inflammation in postmenopausal women stratified by metabolic syndrome status.

Abstract Objective Soy has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in Asian countries which consume daily soy. Our study examined whether production of equol, an estrogen metabolite, affected the ability of soy nuts to improve cardiovascular risk factors. Materials/Methods Sixty postmenopausal women participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial of a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet alone and a TLC diet in which 0.5 cup of soy nuts (25 g of soy protein and 101 mg of aglycone isoflavones) replaced 25 g of nonsoy protein daily. Each diet was followed for 8 weeks at the end of which blood pressure (BP), lipid levels, adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers were measured. Results Women with MetS had significantly higher baseline body mass index (BMI), BP, triglycerides (TG), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) than women without MetS. In women with MetS on the soy diet, significant reductions in diastolic BP (7.7%; P = 0.02), TG (22.9%; P = 0.02), C-reactive protein (CRP) (21.4%; P = 0.01) and sICAM (7.3%; P = 0.03) were noted among equol producers compared to levels on the TLC diet. No significant changes were noted in equol nonproducers. Similarly, in women without MetS, only equol producers had significant reductions in diastolic BP (3.3%, P = 0.02) and CRP (30%, P = 0.04). In contrast to women with MetS, TG and sICAM levels were not affected in women without MetS, a finding possibly related to lower baseline levels. Conclusions Cardiovascular risk reduction with soy nuts is not uniform and may be greater among producers of equol.
On being stalked

Over the past decade “stalking” has emerged as a new social problem. Some reported cases of stalking involve efforts to extract vengeance from another right from the start; others ultimately come to center around vengeful threats and violence. But the dynamic characteristic of most cases of what ultimately come to be recognized as stalking involves efforts to establish (or re-establish) a relationship in the face of the other's resistance. This paper uses data collected from a variety of sources to examine the social processes through which such relational stalkings emerge and come to be recognized as such. From the point of view of those who eventually may come to feel that they are being stalked, these processes involve permutations and exaggerations of a variety of common relational behaviors, including: recognizing that one is being followed; learning that another is pursuing detailed information about one's life and routines; fielding and putting off persistent relational proposals; and countering continuing relational escalations. Under these circumstances, the pursuer's attentions may eventually turn strongly hostile and even violent, leading to the kinds of threats and harm that have come to be publicly identified as “stalking.”
Comprehensive assessment of thyroidectomy skills development: A pilot project

Objectives/Hypothesis: To test the validity, reliability, and feasibility of an evaluation tool designed to measure the development of trainees' surgical skills in the operating room for thyroid surgery. Study Design: Prospective validation study. Methods: A modified Delphi technique was employed to develop a new Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills–based instrument for thyroid surgery. During a 1-year period, 16 otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residents (ranging from postgraduate year 2 to 6) and one endocrine surgery fellow were evaluated by one faculty member obtaining a total of 94 evaluations. Performance was rated using a task-based checklist (TBC) and a global rating scale (GRS). The TBC measured trainees' thyroidectomy technical skills, and the GRS assessed their overall surgical performance. Results: Based on four clinical levels (junior, intermediate, senior, and surgical fellow) our tool demonstrated construct validity for both components of the assessment instrument, specifically for the TBC showing a mean difference of 0.9 (95% confidence interval: 0.5-1.3, P < .001) between the contiguous clinical levels senior versus intermediate. Cronbach α, a measure of internal consistency, was 0.96 for both components of the instrument. The correlation between the TBC and GRS was also high within trainee (r = 0.62, n = 94, P < .001) and across trainees (r = 0.96, n = 17, P < .001). Conclusions: Our tool proved to be a valid, reliable, and feasible instrument for assessing competency in thyroid surgery. It is effective in providing timely formative feedback during and upon the conclusion of the surgical procedure by identifying procedural tasks for which additional training is necessary. In addition, it enables longitudinal tracking of residents' surgical performance, thus ensuring their appropriate development. Laryngoscope, 122:103–109, 2012
Renovascular complications of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

Abstract Objectives To review the operative renovascular injuries related to our laparoscopic donor nephrectomy experience, since management of intraoperative renovascular complications during laparoscopic nephrectomy can present a serious challenge. Methods During a 6-year period, 353 patients underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify and evaluate the renovascular complications associated with the procedure. Results Eight cases (2.3%) of renovascular complications were identified. Vascular injury involved the renal artery in 6 cases and the renal vein in 2 cases. The etiologies included endovascular GIA stapling failure (n = 2), surgical clip dislodgment (n = 2), and vessel laceration during dissection or stapling (n = 4). Open conversion was necessary in 6 cases (75%). No patient mortality or allograft loss occurred. Conclusions Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is associated with a low incidence of renovascular complications. Laparoscopic or open surgical management may be required when problems arise to optimize donor safety and allograft survival.
The Financial Cost of Absence Decisions

A theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) and behavioral costing approach (Cascio, 1987; Mirvis & Lawler, 1977) were used to estimate the variable financial cost (i.e., cost incurred by organizations that vary positively with production rates of goods and services such as wage costsfor an hourly workforce) of absence decisions made by employees. Measures of the theoretical components of the theory of reasoned action were developed and administered to blue collar and clerical employees of a financial services organization in order to develop an assessment of absence as the outcome of choice. Three months after the questionnaires were completed by 176 blue collar employees and 264 clerical employees, paid and unpaid absence information was obtained from the organization. The financial cost of absence was estimated. The study showed that the theory of reasoned action was usefil in predicting paid absence; the estimated financial cost of absence for the 3-month periodfor this sample was over $25,00...
The Centrality of Test Use and Consequences for Test Validity.

What are the origins of consequential validity? What is the role of intended test use in validation? Is the study of unintended effects part of validation? What practical problems does this pose?
A comprehensive framework for classification of nuclei in digital microscopy imaging: An application to diffuse gliomas

In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework to support classification of nuclei in digital microscopy images of diffuse gliomas. This system integrates multiple modules designed for convenient human annotations, standard-based data management, efficient data query and analysis. In our study, 2770 nuclei of six types are annotated by neuropathologists from 29 whole-slide images of glioma biopsies. After machine-based nuclei segmentation for whole-slide images, a set of features describing nuclear shape, texture and cytoplasmic staining is calculated to describe each nucleus. These features along with nuclear boundaries are represented by a standardized data model and saved in the spatial relational database in our framework. Features derived from nuclei classified by neuropathologists are retrieved from the database through efficient spatial queries and used to train distinct classifiers. The best average classification accuracy is 87.43% for 100 independent five-fold cross validations. This suggests that the derived nuclear and cytoplasmic features can achieve promising classification results for six nuclear classes commonly presented in gliomas. Our framework is generic, and can be easily adapted for other related applications.
Life History and Case Building Behavior of Molanna tryphena (Trichoptera: Molannidae) in Two East Texas Spring-Fed Streams

The life history and case-building behavior of Molanna tryphena Betten from 2 spring-fed tributaries in east Texas were studied from January 1997 to May 1998. The 344 larvae, pupae, and adults sampled indicated a univoltine life cycle, with an extended adult emergence period. Fecundity was 76.2 ± 9.7 eggs per female. Larvae were recruited in spring and summer, and grew to late instars or pupae by fall. Larvae and pupae were found mainly in the sand substrate. Eggs, larvae of 2nd and 5th instars, pupae, cases, and adults are described. Case reconstruction behavior was observed and videotaped. Larvae constructed emergency cases by gluing together sand and burrowing inside to form a tube. Sand and gravel were added over the next 12 h to strengthen the tube and add the cowl and flange typical of Molannidae.
Approximations for Large-Molecule Calculations

The papers in this section deal with the actual computational methods used in studies of the electronic structures of large molecules and localized states in solids. Such studies differ from those applicable to small molecules through the necessity of choosing methods which do not outstrip our computing capacities, and differ from conventional infinite-crystal studies through a lack of exploitable translational symmetry. The regime under consideration is thereby characterized by a maximum in difficulty of precise calculation, but this difficulty is to some extent compensated by the fact that relatively crude results can often be highly useful.
Unequal Impacts of Downtown Redevelopment: The Case of Stadium Building in Phoenix, Arizona

ABSTRACT The public finance rationale for building sports stadiums has been assessed through city-level impact analyses. Conclusions suggest that stadiums do not typically produce aggregate economic benefits for cities that build them. An argument that stadiums will locally revitalize declining central cities continues to be made by private-public developers, yet questions about local impacts of stadium building have been inadequately studied. Bank One Ballpark (recently renamed Chase Field) is the centerpiece of a strategy for downtown redevelopment in Phoenix, Arizona. This paper examines the unequal local impacts of Bank One Ballpark. Results from a survey of neighborhood leaders reveal that the project's impacts have been unequally distributed between poor minority neighborhoods and more affluent white ones. Minority and lower-income groups have generally negative perspectives, while affluent white groups have positive perspectives on Bank One Ballpark. Three districts are delineated that have experie...
Use of satellite remote sensing data in the mapping of global landslide susceptibility

Satellite remote sensing data has significant potential use in analysis of natural hazards such as landslides. Relying on the recent advances in satellite remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, this paper aims to map landslide susceptibility over most of the globe using a GIS-based weighted linear combination method. First, six relevant landslide-controlling factors are derived from geospatial remote sensing data and coded into a GIS system. Next, continuous susceptibility values from low to high are assigned to each of the six factors. Second, a continuous scale of a global landslide susceptibility index is derived using GIS weighted linear combination based on each factor’s relative significance to the process of landslide occurrence (e.g., slope is the most important factor, soil types and soil texture are also primary-level parameters, while elevation, land cover types, and drainage density are secondary in importance). Finally, the continuous index map is further classified into six susceptibility categories. Results show the hot spots of landslide-prone regions include the Pacific Rim, the Himalayas and South Asia, Rocky Mountains, Appalachian Mountains, Alps, and parts of the Middle East and Africa. India, China, Nepal, Japan, the USA, and Peru are shown to have landslide-prone areas. This first-cut global landslide susceptibility map forms a starting point to provide a global view of landslide risks and may be used in conjunction with satellite-based precipitation information to potentially detect areas with significant landslide potential due to heavy rainfall.
Keep your friends close: Incorporating trust into social network-based Sybil defenses

Social network-based Sybil defenses exploit the algorithmic properties of social graphs to infer the extent to which an arbitrary node in such a graph should be trusted. However, these systems do not consider the different amounts of trust represented by different graphs, and different levels of trust between nodes, though trust is being a crucial requirement in these systems. For instance, co-authors in an academic collaboration graph are trusted in a different manner than social friends. Furthermore, some social friends are more trusted than others. However, previous designs for social network-based Sybil defenses have not considered the inherent trust properties of the graphs they use. In this paper we introduce several designs to tune the performance of Sybil defenses by accounting for differential trust in social graphs and modeling these trust values by biasing random walks performed on these graphs. Surprisingly, we find that the cost function, the required length of random walks to accept all honest nodes with overwhelming probability, is much greater in graphs with high trust values, such as co-author graphs, than in graphs with low trust values such as online social networks. We show that this behavior is due to the community structure in high-trust graphs, requiring longer walk to traverse multiple communities. Furthermore, we show that our proposed designs to account for trust, while increase the cost function of graphs with low trust value, decrease the advantage of attacker.
Influence of Sugars on Heat Inactivation, Injury and Repair of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The type of sugar in the heating and recovery media affected the rate of inactivation and repair capability of a Chablis strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The rate of heat inactivation decreased with decreasing aw in glucose and fructose but not in sucrose solutions. At any aw the order of susceptibility to inactivation of yeast cells was consistently: fructose, glucose, and sucrose. In fructose, a major proportion of the survivors exhibited sublethal injury. When suspended in solutions containing the various sugars after heating and incubated for up to 18 hr prior to plating, the type of sugar in the solution influenced the ability of cells to repair injury.
Labyrinthine and extra-labyrinthine effects on ocular counter-rolling.

Ocular torsion was measured in alert monkeys. There was about 5″-7′ of compensatory ocular counter-rolling (CR) when the head and body were tilted 45″ to the right or to the left. CR was the same whether the head or head and body were tilted, and was not much different in the presence or absence of vision. One monkey was tested after serial destruction of the labyrinths. Counterclockwise CR was reduced after left labyrinthectomy and clockwise CR after right labyrinthectomy. That is, each labyrinth appeared to exert the strongest effect on CR to the opposite side. After bilateral labyrinthectomy small but definite amounts of CR were induced by head or by head and body tilt. This has been designated as residual CR. In the intact animal CR is mainly induced by the labyrinths. In the absence of the labyrinths, however, other types of sensory activity can influence the steady angle of torsion of the eyes.
Quantitation of light chain synthesis in myeloma × spleen cell hybrids and identification of myeloma chain loss variants using radioimmunoassay☆

A radioimmunoassay specific for the MOPC 21 kappa (K) myeloma chain of NSI and X63 myeloma x spleen cell hybrids was used to study light chain secretion in myeloma-hybrid lines. The M1 series of rat spleen cell x NSI mouse myeloma hybrid lines was chosen to illustrate the application of the radioimmunoassay for K chain quantitation and identification of K chain loss variants. Most of these lines secrete H (specific heavy), L (specific light), and K (myeloma kappa) chains, i.e., are HLK lines. Assays specific for rat L chain and mouse K chain showed that the ratio of L/K chain secreted by 6 different hybrid HLK lines ranged from 1.1 to 12.4. Using the rapid radioimmunoassay screening procedure, HL clonal variants which had lost K chain secretion were isolated at a frequency of approximately 10(-2) and characterized. K chain loss was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of radiolabelled secreted products. Stability of one HL line and its HLK parent was examined during 9 months of growth in vitro. The HL line remained stable, while antibody secreted by the HLK line became inactive, apparently due to overgrowth by clonally dominant HK cells which no longer secreted specific L chains. The radioimmunoassay appears to detect MOPC 21 kappa chain variable region determinants. Therefore, although used here with rat-mouse hybrids, it should also be possible to use the assay to obtain mouse-mouse variant hybrid lines secreting antibody of improved homogeneity.
Optical spectral weights and the physics of correlated electron systems

Summary form only given. The essence of the "strong correlation" problem is that interactions reduce the ability of electrons to move in a solid. Optical conductivity probes, over a wide range of time scales, the ability of electrons to move, and is therefore a key probe of correlated electron physics. One simple and robust feature of the conductivity is the "spectral weight," the integral of the conductivity over some frequency range. I present theoretical results for the spectral weights of models relevant to correlated electron physics, and by comparing them to data show how they may be used to elucidate the physics of two systems of current interest: the high temperature superconductors and the "colossal" magnetoresistance manganites. I then turn to more detailed features of the conductivity, showing how analysis of the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity may be interpreted in terms of a scattering rate and mass enhancement. This analysis, in combination with the spectral weight analysis, is used to show that in the colossal magnetoresistance materials the important interaction is an unusually strong electron-phonon coupling. It is further argued that this analysis is inappropriate for the high temperature superconductors and perhaps for the three dimensional ferromagnet SrRuO/sub 3/, indicating the existence of a fundamentally non Fermi liquid state in these systems.
(Monsanto Lecture) What Does Tort Law Do? What Can it Do?

It’s not hard to describe what tort law does. As a first approximation, we might say that tort empowers those who suffer certain sorts of injuries or invasions to seek remedies from those who brought about those injuries or invasions. The challenge is to explain why tort does that, or to explain what tort is trying to do when it does that. After all, it is not obvious that we should have an institution specially concerned with the injuries and invasions that count as torts. In this essay (delivered as the 2012 Monsanto Lecture at Valparaiso University School of Law), I argue that tort is concerned with those injuries and invasions because it aims at corrective justice, not efficiency. But I contend that the corrective justice tort pursues is not best understood on an Aristotelian model, which requires that wrongful transactions be reversed. Rather, I argue, tort pursues corrective justice in much the same way that revenge does — by offering a performance aimed at persuading us that victim and wrongdoer are even in respect of the wrong.
Annapurna Ma, Priestess and Healer: Women's Agency in Folk Culture of Rural Orissa

My paper explores issues of female agency within the context of popular religion in the folk culture of Orissa. June McDaniel in her study of ecstatic religion in Bengal suggests that religion has been both the way in and the way out…for women. It has been the way into a ritual tradition that supports subservience lowered status and a limited sphere of activity. But it has also been a way out for religious knowledge and practice have given women freedom and a wide range of action…Religious experience serves to create and justify their religious status. The role of the holy woman allows the woman some freedom and self-determination. She has forged an independent spiritual life for herself following the commands of the goddess. (excerpt)
Abortion of decidual cast complicating pregnancy in uterus didelphys.

Abstract This case has been presented to point out the complications during pregnancy which may arise as the result of the decidual reaction in the nongravid companion uterus of uterus didelphys. There is striking similarity between the patient's first and third pregnancies and the differences in management and outcome furnish much material for speculation. Since abortion of the decidual cast of the companion nongravid uterus in uterus didelphys has been shown to be an accomplished fact, it becomes necessary therfore in the management of bleeding in uterus didelphys to determine (1) with uterus contains the pregnancy and (2) which uterus is doing the bleeding. This can be accomplished only by adequate abdominal and pelvic examination of the uteri supplemented by speculum examination of the cervices. Only in this manner can rational therapy for the bleeding be instituted and a prognosis for outcome of the pregnancy be determined.
Secure Fragmentation for Content Centric Networking

Information Centric Networks (ICN), such as Content Centric Networks (CCNx) or Named Data Networks (NDN) disseminate data using hierarchal names for each chunk of data, where a chunk is roughly the size of an IP datagram. To secure the named exchange, each chunk has a digital signature or a hash-based name. Because these datagrams may be much larger than a link MTU, there is a need for fragmentation, and to date several hop-by-hop, end-to-end, and mid-to-end fragmentation schemes have been proposed. Only one scheme, FIGOA, a cut-through mid-to-end fragmentation scheme (i.e. Without reassembly) claims to be secure by using delayed authentication. We propose a secure cut-through fragmentation scheme derived from FIGOA that allows immediate validation. We also consider queuing and timing issues that were not discussed in FIGOA.
Rotation curve for the Milky Way galaxy in conformal gravity

Galactic rotation curves have proven to be the testing ground for dark matter bounds in galaxies, and our own Milky Way is one of many large spiral galaxies that must follow the same models. Over the last decade, the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy has been studied and extended by many authors. Since the work of conformal gravity has now successfully fit the rotation curves of almost 140 galaxies, we present here the fit to our own Milky Way. However, the Milky Way is not just an ordinary galaxy to append to our list, but instead provides a robust test of a fundamental difference of conformal gravity rotation curves versus standard cold dark matter models. It was shown by Mannheim and O'Brien that in conformal gravity, the presence of a quadratic potential causes the rotation curve to eventually fall off after its flat portion. This effect can currently be seen in only a select few galaxies whose rotation curve is studied well beyond a few multiples of the optical galactic scale length. Due to the recent work of Sofue et al and Kundu et al, the rotation curve of the Milky Way has now been studied to a degree where we can test the predicted fall off in the conformal gravity rotation curve. We find that - like the other galaxies already studied in conformal gravity - we obtain amazing agreement with rotational data and the prediction includes the eventual fall off at large distances from the galactic center.
Erickson: A Primer on FLPS

The Tax Court teaches the "do's and don'ts" of FLPs through its step-by-step explanation of section 2036 and its application of that statute to the facts of Erickson, a recent decision.