cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time delay processing of hypercapnic fMRI allows quantitative parameterization of cerebrovascular reactivity and blood flow delays.

Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI contrast depends on the volume and oxygenation of blood flowing through the circulatory system. The effects on image intensity depend temporally on the arrival of blood within a voxel, and signal can be monitored during the time course of such blood flow. It has been previously shown that the passage of global endogenous variations in blood volume and oxygenation can be tracked as blood passes through the brain by determining the strength and peak time lag of their cross-correlation with blood oxygenation level-dependent data. By manipulating blood composition using transient hypercarbia and hyperoxia, we can induce much larger oxygenation and volume changes in the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal than result from natural endogenous fluctuations. This technique was used to examine cerebrovascular parameters in healthy subjects (n = 8) and subjects with intracranial stenosis (n = 22), with a subgroup of intracranial stenosis subjects scanned before and after s...
Modelling of Heat Conduction and Thermal Stresses in Multilevel Interconnects

The effects of metal Joule heating in interconnects were studied numerically. Particular attention is devoted to the multilevel nature of interconnects in modem microelectronic devices. Heat conduction analyses were carried out to quantify the temperature rise in structures composed of various levels of metal lines under different electric current densities. Two types of metallization (aluminum and copper) and two types of interlevel dielectric (silicon dioxide and polyimide) were considered. It was found that increasing the total number of metal level and/or switching the dielectric from silicon dioxide to polymer-based low-k dielectrics can cause substantial temperature increases, pointing out that interconnect Joule heating can become a major reliability threat in future applications. Thermal stresses induced by the nonuniform temperature field were also analyzed.
An Ingrained Error Concerning Resultants

(1985). An Ingrained Error Concerning Resultants. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 141-141.
Imaging Macrophage-Related Molecular Signaling in Syngeneic and Spontaneous Breast Cancer

Tumor-associated macrophages promote proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. Macrophage-related molecular signaling was interrogated using optical imaging with near-infrared fluorescent probes in both implantable and spontaneous breast cancer models.
An Empirical Study on the Preference for Geographic Proximity and Investment Performance of Venture Capital

Taking venture capital investments between 2000 and 2009 in mainland China as the research sample,regression analysis was used to explore the factors which affect the preference and performance of geographic proximity of venture capital( VC) in China. The results indicated that VC firms ' reputation and local competition status affect the preference for geographic proximity. Older,larger and more experienced VC firms with stronger IPO records exhibit less preference for geographic proximity while greater competition compels VC firms to invest distant targets. Different from the previous research abroad,no evidence was found that investment networks have any effect on the preference for geographic proximity. Abnormally,the logit regression results showed that investments of geographic proximity may lead to lower returns.
Surgical management for acute coronary insufficiency with three years’ follow-up

In this report, acute coronary insufficiency is defined as unstable angina requiring narcotics for relief and an unstable electrocardiogram with or without transient mild enzyme elevations. Forty-five consecutive patients with this syndrome underwent coronary artery grafting with the saphenous vein within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. They were followed for 3 years. There was an 8.8 per cent operative mortality rate. One long-term survivor sustained a fatal myocardial infarction 18 months postoperatively. One nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred 6 weeks postoperatively. Therefore, the 3 year cumulative mortality rate was 11 per cent and the 3 year myocardial infarction rate was 4 per cent. Thirty-eight patients are in Class I clinical status, I is in Class II, and 1 is in Class III.
A Summary of Some Work on High Temperature Superconductors at Brookhaven National Laboratory

The following presentation gives a summary of recent high Tc superconductivity work by the Brookhaven staff. Significant work done by outside users on the major facilities is not discussed here. Theoretical work on mechanisms of superconductivity, will be discussed separately by V. Emery elsewhere in this proceedings. The experimental work can be divided into two major categories; scattering and spectroscopy experiments at the Brookhaven facilities, and measurements of the macroscopic electrical and magnetic properties of the superconductors, as well as an additional contribution on sample preparation. An example of the complimentary nature of these techniques is shown for the case of penetration depth measurements, where the value of λ obtained using mu mesons as a microscopic probe of the internal fields is different than that obtained inductively. This difference leads to some insight into the inter-granular coupling.
Structural damage reduction in protected gold clusters by electron diffraction methods

The present work explores electron diffraction methods for studying the structure of metallic clusters stabilized with thiol groups, which are susceptible to structural damage caused by electron beam irradiation. There is a compromise between the electron dose used and the size of the clusters since they have small interaction volume with electrons and as a consequence weak reflections in the diffraction patterns. The common approach of recording individual clusters using nanobeam diffraction has the problem of an increased current density. Dosage can be reduced with the use of a smaller condenser aperture and a higher condenser lens excitation, but even with those set ups collection times tend to be high. For that reason, the methods reported herein collects in a faster way diffraction patterns through the scanning across the clusters under nanobeam diffraction mode. In this way, we are able to collect a map of diffraction patterns, in areas with dispersed clusters, with short exposure times (milliseconds) using a high sensitive CMOS camera. When these maps are compared with their theoretical counterparts, oscillations of the clusters can be observed. The stability of the patterns acquired demonstrates that our methods provide a systematic and precise way to unveil the structure of atomic clusters without extensive detrimental damage of their crystallinity.
El tiempo en Paz en la guerra y Niebla, de Miguel de Unamuno / Time in Miguel de Unamuno's "Paz en la guerra" and "Niebla"

ABSTRACT Although many readers of Unamuno’s novels have noted that the style of his first novel, “Paz en la guerra” (1897), is quite traditional and that, therefore, it differs considerably from the style of the novels he will write later, it also contains elements that clearly link it to his subsequent novels. One of these is the manipulation of time, which detains time and produces what Henri Bergson would call the “virtualization” of time. Time is also detained and virtualized in other Unamuno novels—in particular, “Niebla.” For example, in “Niebla” various temporal anomalies reveal Unamuno’s desire to detain time and eternalize the moment in order to escape death and exist perpetually, a desire also present in “Paz en la guerra.” The present study therefore shows that through its particular manipulation of time, “Paz en la Guerra” is clearly linked to Unamuno’s more experimental novels. RESUMEN Aunque muchos lectores de las novelas de Unamuno notan que el estilo de su primera novela, “Paz en la guerra” (1897), es bastante tradicional y que, por consiguiente, difiere mucho del estilo de las novelas que don Miguel escribe despues, tambien tiene elementos que la vinculan claramente sus novelas mas tardias. Uno de estos es el manejo del tiempo, el cual hace que el tiempo se detenga y produce lo que Henri Bergson llamaria la “virtualizacion” del tiempo. El tiempo tambien se detiene y se virtualiza en otras novelas de Unamuno—en particular, “Niebla”. Por ejemplo, en “Niebla” varias anomalias temporales revelan el deseo de Unamuno de detener el tiempo y eternizar el momento para asi escapar la muerte y existir perpetuamente, un deseo tambien presente en “Paz en la guerra”. Por lo tanto, el presente muestra que, por su manejo particular del tiempo, “Paz en la guerra” se vincula claramente a novelas mas experimentales de Unamuno.
Outer planets proximity link protocol

A directional X-band proximity link protocol derived from the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) Proximity-1 protocol that accommodates link dynamics and end-to-end file transfer considerations is presented. This implementation is targeted for the NASA Europa Multiple Flyby (aka Clipper) and Lander Missions currently under study, and is intended to be extensible for other outer planetary missions. A variant of the Proximity-1 protocol has been successfully used at Mars for UHF communications between Mars rovers and relay spacecraft. Mission designs currently under study for the Europa Multiple Flyby and Europa Lander missions include ranges that do not support high data rate, omni-directional UHF relay links. Directional X-band links are an attractive alternative given the presence of X-band telecommunications systems on many outer planetary spacecraft such as Europa Multiple Flyby and the Europa Lander's Carrier spacecraft. Relay link concepts of operations and implementation of hardware, firmware and software in the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) Frontier Radio are discussed. The proposed tailoring of Proximity-1 for these Europa missions will be described for the Physical layer and Coding & Synchronization sub layer (C&S). An analysis of the interfaces between the protocol and the spacecraft command and data handling system is described. After the Europa Lander has completed its primary mission, the Europa Multiple Flyby and Lander Carrier spacecraft could potentially both serve as long-term relay assets for future Jovian missions.
Unexpected REM Sleep Episodes in Standard EEG Laboratory Recording

ABSTRACT.REM sleep can be easily identified in standard EEG montages by analysis of eye movements in sleep, and the method of visual analysis was described. The patient should be asked upon arousal whether or not dreaming has occurred. Identification of REM sleep is important, because it may indicate significant abnormality of the wake-sleep cycle. Overnight sleep deprivation alone may be sufficient to cause shortening of the REM latency. Common clinical features that were associated with REM sleep in standard EEGs, were reviewed. The hospital environment is particularly likely to interfere with the patients' wake-sleep cycle.
Psychology in Communist China

Communist psychologists seek a psychological basis of communism. Psychology is defined as the brain’s reflection of reality, determined by the contradictions that exist in objective reality and the ideology of the social class to which the individual belongs. Western social psychology is blamed for helping the capitalists to suppress the workers’ class struggle. There is nationwide research on child development with EEG, initiated by the Chinese Psychological Society, rather than intelligence tests used to study the development of brain function. Piagete theory is used to study the cognitive development of Chinese children. Traditional Chinese interest in moral development is also emphasized in the research.
Design considerations in coiled-coil fusion constructs for the structural determination of a problematic region of the human cardiac myosin rod

X-ray structural determination of segments of the myosin rod has proved difficult because of the strong salt-dependent aggregation properties and repeating pattern of charges on the surface of the coiled-coil that lead to the formation of paracrystals. This problem has been resolved in part through the use of globular assembly domains that improve protein folding and prevent aggregation. The primary consideration now in designing coiled-coil fusion constructs for myosin is deciding where to truncate the coiled-coil and which amino acid residues to include from the folding domain. This is especially important for myosin that contains numerous regions of low predicted coiled-coil propensity. Here we describe the strategy adopted to determine the structure of the region that extends from Arg1677 - Leu1797 that included two areas that do not show a strong sequence signature of a conventional left-handed coiled coil or canonical heptad repeat. This demonstrates again that, with careful choice of fusion constructs, overlapping structures exhibit very similar conformations for the myosin rod fragments in the canonical regions. However, conformational variability is seen around Leu1706 which is a hot spot for cardiomyopathy mutations suggesting that this might be important for function.
Outcoupling enhancement in white organic light-emitting diodes on scattering polyimide substrates

We introduce white organic light-emitting diodes with enhanced outcoupling fabricated on silver nanowires in microporous colorless polyimide substrates. The composite substrates exhibit broadband outcoupling enhancement by extracting substrate loss.
Distance Education and Technology Infrastructure: Strategies and Opportunities

Distance education provides a wealth of opportunities and areas for innovation, but it also presents unique challenges for implementation and eventual success. To mitigate these challenges, this chapter will present four critical components—systems, objectives, evaluation, and personnel—that combine into one to create a technology infrastructure that can support distance delivery. Through this chapter, e-learning leaders will gain the knowledge to not only identify key features of tools used for distance delivery, but also understand and appreciate the correlation between a holistic infrastructure approach and quality distance delivery. The absence of one of these critical components will likely result in an unsuccessful technology integration. To aid in the explanation of these critical components, the chapter will focus on three main distance education delivery forms—webinars, classroom captures, and e-learning modules. The chapter will provide an overview of the types of questions and elements that should go into consideration of any distance education tool, and will aid in the effective assessment and evaluation of these tools, as well as personnel considerations that should be taken into account.
A Midsouthern Consultant’s Survey on Weed Management Practices in Soybean

Soybean consultants from Arkansas, Louisiana, southeast Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee were surveyed in 2016 to assess weed management practices and the prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds in midsouthern U.S. soybean production. The consultants surveyed represented 13%, 28%, 8%, 16%, and 5% of the total soybean area planted in Arkansas, Louisiana, southeast Missouri, Mississippi, and Tennessee, respectively. Of the total scouted area, 78% of the consultants said their growers planted glyphosate-resistant soybean in 2016, with 18% planting glufosinate-resistant (LibertyLink®), primarily due to familiarity with and cost of the technology. Although 94% of the consultants determined that glufosinate was most effective on killing Palmer amaranth, the primary concern associated with controlling herbicide-resistant weeds was the associated cost, followed by return profit and time constraints. Palmer amaranth, morningglory species, horseweed, barnyardgrass, and Italian ryegrass were the five most problematic weeds in soybean across the five states. Palmer amaranth was the most problematic and important weed in each state individually. The increased concern (77% of consultants) with this species was attributed to the rising concern with and occurrence of protoporphyrinogen oxidase-resistant Palmer amaranth. Consultants were of the opinion that more research was needed on cover crops and the new traited technologies in order to improve weed management in soybean.Nomenclature: Glufosinate; glyphosate; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.; Italian ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot; morningglory, Ipomoea spp.; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.
DNA Ligases: Structures

DNA ligases represent a fundamental class of enzymes required by all organisms to maintain the structural integrity of the genome. The cellular processes of DNA replication, recombination, and repair generate breaks in the phosphate backbone structure of DNA that can compromise the stability of the genome and threaten the loss of genetic information and the introduction of deleterious chromosomal mutations. DNA breaks are ultimately repaired through the catalytic activity of DNA ligases, which form a phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides in duplex DNA. DNA ligase activity requires a nucleotide cofactor and follows a unique three-step reaction mechanism that involves covalent modification of the ligase enzyme and the DNA substrate. X-ray crystal structure analysis has captured a variety of DNA ligases at different stages of the ligation reaction that demonstrate the unique covalent reaction intermediates, provide insights into the mechanism of the ligase reaction, and illustrate the extensive conformational flexibility and dynamic nature of the modular domain architecture of DNA ligases.
Race/Ethnicity as the Defining Characteristic of Policing in the U.S.

The lasting salience of racial discrimination and inequality in the U.S. has produced a cumulative disadvantage for the members of many racial/ethnic minority groups, disadvantages which Whites generally do not suffer. Negative racial relations foster not only unequal treatment of Blacks and Whites by the police, historically and at the present time, but also differing sentiments and evaluations of the police by Blacks and Whites. Researchers have contended that minorities’ attitudes toward the police were chiefly influenced by their sense of being out-group members in a White-dominated society and feelings of being treated unjustly by the police. Attitudinal differences between Whites and minorities are thus attributed primarily to their varying life experiences. Official and un-official data on police arrests, use of deadly force, and traffic stops have all shown that minorities, particularly Blacks, have been subject to a heightened and disproportionate level of police interventions vis-a-vis Whites. Although there is no concrete evidence supporting systematic discrimination, and some evidence suggests that the risk gap between Blacks and Whites has narrowed, the enduring racial disparity indicates that some forms of unequal treatment including that involves discrimination or bias likely remain in American policing.
Energetic design of grain boundary networks for toughening of nanocrystalline oxides

Abstract Improving the mechanical performance of nanocrystalline functional oxides can have major implications for stability and resilience of battery cathodes, development of reliable nuclear oxide fuels, strong and durable catalytic supports. By combining Monte Carlo simulations, experimental thermodynamics, and in-situ transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate a novel toughening mechanism based on interplay between the thermo-chemistry of the grain boundaries and crack propagation. By using zirconia as a model material, lanthanum segregation to the grain boundaries was used to increase the toughness of individual boundaries and simultaneously promote a smoother energy landscape in which cracks experience multiple deflections through the grain boundary network, ultimately improving fracture toughness.
Earlier smoking after waking and the risk of asthma: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data.

Recent research shows that nicotine dependence conveys additional health risks above and beyond smoking behavior. The current study examines whether smoking within 5 min of waking, an indicator of nicotine dependence, is independently associated with asthma outcomes. Data were drawn from five pooled cross-sectional waves (2005–14) of NHANES, and the final sample consisted of N = 4081 current adult smokers. Weighted logistic regressions were run examining the relationship between smoking within 5 min of waking and outcomes of lifetime asthma, past-year asthma, and having had an asthma attack in the past year. Control variables included demographics, smoking behavior, family history of asthma, depression, obesity, and secondhand smoking exposure. After adjusting for smoking behavior, smoking within 5 min was associated with an approximately 50% increase in the odds of lifetime asthma (OR = 1.46, p = .008) and past-year asthma (OR = 1.47, p = .024), respectively. After additionally adjusting for demographics and other asthma risk factors, smoking within 5 min of waking was associated with a four-fold increase in the odds of lifetime asthma (OR = 4.05, p = .015). Smoking within 5 min of waking, an indicator of nicotine dependence, is associated with a significantly increased risk of lifetime asthma in smokers. These findings could be utilized in refining risk assessment of asthma among smokers.
Intranasal Fentanyl for Breakthrough Pain Control

Breakthrough pain (BTP) is experienced by approximately 65% of children and adults with chronic pain. Undiagnosed or untreated BTP produces negative emotional, physical, and economic consequences. BTP episodes have a rapid onset and short duration. Short acting oral opioids are the cornerstone of BTP management. Oral medications available to treat BTP episodes like immediate-release morphine or oxycodone have a delayed onset of action so that there is a mismatch between the episode of BTP and the effect of the oral opioids. Novel fentanyl delivery systems for BTP offer pharmacokinetic properties that match the time profile of BTP. Among the transmucosal routes, intranasal fentanyl has gained popularity due to its high bioavailability, rapid onset of action, high potency, short duration, and ease of administration. Its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in adults who are opioid tolerant. Although children with chronic cancer pain also experience BTP, there is paucity of data on the use of intranasal fentanyl for BTP in this age group.
Graphene-based photodetector at room temperature

There are a growing number of applications demanding high sensitivity visible to mid-infrared photodetectors operating at room temperature. Graphene is ideally suitable for optoelectronic photodetectors sensitive from visible to mid-infrared frequencies. Here we report the integration of graphene with thin film high-κ dielectric layers prepared by e-beam thermal evaporation, sputtering deposition and atomic layer deposition methods for the graphene field effect transistor photodetector development. The impact of dielectric layers on graphene properties and the operation of photodetectors varies based on the choice of dielectric and deposition parameters. This work provides a route for use of graphene in the infrared detection at room temperature.
Long Short-Term Memory and Variational Autoencoder With Convolutional Neural Networks for Generating NMR T2 Distributions

Downhole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs acquired in the borehole environment are valuable for subsurface characterization because they contain information about the pore size distribution, fluid composition, fluid saturation, fluid mobility, formation permeability, and porosity. NMR log acquisition can be challenging due to operational and financial constraints. Recently, NMR T2 distributions of the subsurface were generated by processing conventional well logs using deep-learning neural-network (NN) models. This improves the accessibility to subsurface pore size distributions. We implement two neural-network models, variational autoencoder-based NN with convolutional layers and long short-term memory (LSTM), to generate NMR T2 distributions from formation mineral content and fluid saturation logs. Prediction performance is evaluated for the entire NMR T2 spectrum ranging from 0.3 to 3000 ms as well as for T2 spectra within four bins obtained by dividing the entire spectrum into four equal parts. Each bin represents a specific pore size range. In terms of $R^{2}$ , both the models have prediction performances above $R^{2}$ of 0.75 for the entire spectrum. The best prediction performance is achieved for the bin of size ranging from 2.7 to 28 ms, representing pore diameters from 10 to 100 nm. The performance of this bin in terms of $R^{2}$ is 0.78. The LSTM model is highly sensitive to noise in T2 distribution used during the training, and both the models are robust to noise in the conventional input logs.
Trump: authoritarian, just another neoliberal republican, or both?

I review Donald Trump’s actions as president to evaluate the extent to which he differs from longstanding Republican Party policies. I find that except for trade and immigration he has furthered existing Republican desires in the fields of tax cuts, deregulation, weakening labor unions, and the appointment of rightwing judges. I then turn to the question of whether Trump is an authoritarian. I show that while his rhetoric is an escalation of previous Republican racial demagoguery, Trump benefits more than he adds to his party’s decades-long strategy of suppressing minority and young voters, vulgarizing political discourse and normalizing brazen lying by candidates and officials, obstructing Democratic officeholders, and allowing unlimited campaign spending by rich people and corporations. I conclude that Trump is now the head of an increasingly authoritarian political party rather than a self-generated strongman. This reduces the insights one can gain from comparisons with rulers like Hitler, Putin or Erdogan.
Telephone surveys under different frame constructions—evaluating differences in estimates, precision, and cost

Dual-frame, random-digit-dialing (DFRDD) surveys, using a frame of landline telephone numbers and a frame of cell phone numbers, have become the norm for telephone surveys. Two alternative frame co...
Do Plans Really Matter?: Re-Assessing the Role of Adolescent Expectations in Educational Attainment.

Abstract Stratification research in the status attainment tradition contends that adolescent educational expectations are a central determinant of educational attainment. Little research, however, has assessed the robustness of the powerful expectations-attainment associations revealed in cross-sectional models. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to estimate OLS, school fixed effects, and sibling fixed effects models, this study examines the association between adolescent expectations and educational attainment. The analysis reveals that adolescent expectations may play a much smaller role in predicting educational attainment than revealed in cross-sectional models. Point estimates of the association between adolescent expectations and educational attainment from sibling fixed effects models are over 50 percent lower than OLS estimates, suggesting that family-level characteristics confound this relationship. Results from these analyses demonstrate that respondents’ educational expectations likely exert less influence on educational attainment than status attainment research would suggest.
What information can the lay public find about osteoporosis treatment? A descriptive study coding the content and quality of bisphosphonate information on the internet

Despite its effectiveness, bisphosphonate use for osteoporosis is low. We assessed bisphosphonate information on the internet and found the most commonly listed benefits/risks were bone density loss, gastrointestinal issues, and jaw necrosis, that risk quantification was rare, and information quality varied. Findings underscore the importance of clinical communication about bisphosphonates. The US Preventative Services Task Force recommends osteoporosis screening and treatment with bisphosphonates in high-risk populations. However, bisphosphonate use among individuals with osteoporosis remains low. The content and quality of information from outside sources may influence individuals’ bisphosphonate decisions. Therefore, we sought to assess the content and quality of osteoporosis treatment information available to the public by conducting an internet search and coding available bisphosphonate information. Eleven search terms about osteoporosis and bisphosphonates were entered into four search engines. Two raters assessed websites for information about bisphosphonates, whether and how benefits and side effects were described and quantified, contraindications, and dosing instructions. Coders also assessed website interface and slant/balance of information. One thousand four hundred seventy-three websites were identified. Two hundred twenty-seven websites met inclusion criteria and were coded. The most common bisphosphonate benefit described was prevention of bone density loss (77.1% of websites). The most common side effects described were gastrointestinal problems (66.1%) and jaw osteonecrosis (58.6%). Most websites did not quantify bisphosphonate benefits (78.0%) or side effects (82.4%). Complementary/integrative health websites (p < .001) and pharmaceutical litigation websites (p < .001) were more often slanted against taking bisphosphonates, compared to all websites coded. General medical knowledge websites were more balanced than other websites (p = .023). The quality of bisphosphonate information on the internet varies substantially. Providers counseling patients about osteoporosis treatment should inquire about patients’ baseline bisphosphonate knowledge. Providers can complement accurate information and address potential bisphosphonate misconceptions.
Galileo as a Bad Epistemologist

One of the most famous, emblematic, and influential critiques of Galileo is that of Pierre Duhem. Historically, it is one of the best documented accounts, and philosophically one of the most sophisticated analyses. We have already had the occasion to mention, preview, or briefly summarize it on several occasions. Now, it is time to examine it fully and systematically.
Evaluating the Promise of Human-Algorithm Collaborations in Everyday Work Practices

Human-algorithm interaction is a growing phenomenon of interest as the use of machine learning (ML) capabilities in everyday technologies becomes more commonplace. In the workplace, such developments raise questions about how people not only make sense of algorithmic actions, but also figure out ways to collaborate with tools and systems that integrate algorithmic outputs. We draw on a field study of IT infrastructure design and report on the experiences of highly-skilled IT architects with the natural language processing (NLP) capabilities in an intelligent system under development to support their solution design work. While architects were supportive of the potential of NLP to enhance their solutioning work, they faced challenges in integrating such capabilities into their existing collaborative work practices. We discuss how these findings add nuance and complexity to discourse around the future of work.
Mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses of Leptogorgia virgulata and Leptogorgia hebes (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Gulf of Mexico provides insight on Gorgoniidae divergence between Pacific and Atlantic lineages.

The use of genetics in recent years has brought to light the need to reevaluate the classification of many gorgonian octocorals. This study focuses on two Leptogorgia species-Leptogorgia virgulata and Leptogorgia hebes-from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). We target complete mitochondrial genomes and mtMutS sequences, and integrate this data with previous genetic research of gorgonian corals to resolve phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times. This study contributes the first complete mitochondrial genomes for L. ptogorgia virgulata and L. hebes. Our resulting phylogenies stress the need to redefine the taxonomy of the genus Leptogorgia in its entirety. The fossil-calibrated divergence times for Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic Leptogorgia species based on complete mitochondrial genomes shows that the use of multiple genes results in estimates of more recent speciation events than previous research based on single genes. These more recent divergence times are in agreement with geologic data pertaining to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.
Rapid detection of urokinase plasminogen activator using flexible paper-based graphene-gold platform

Many studies have shown that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is causally involved in promoting cancer invasion and metastasis. Thus, monitoring uPA levels could be very useful in cancer diagnosis, identification of initial metastasis, and guiding cancer treatment. Here, the authors developed a novel and scalable uPA sensor based on a graphene-gold nanoparticle platform that uses fluorescence of quantum dots to rapidly (<1 h) detect uPA up to 100 pM. Indeed, the authors’ sensor is highly selective and showed an ability to sense up to 100 pM uPA even in the presence of complex biological milieu such as the fetal bovine serum.
Additive Protective Effects of Delayed Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia and Antioxidants on PC12 Cells Exposed to Oxidative Stress

Mild therapeutic hypothermia is protective against several cellular stresses, but the mechanisms underlying this protection are not completely resolved. In the present study, we used an in vitro mo...
Elective surgery in the time of COVID-19.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant strain on the United States health care system, and frontline healthcare workers are rapidly altering their professional responsibilities to help meet hospital needs. In an effort to decrease disease transmission and conserve personal protective equipment (PPE), surgeons have witnessed one of the most dramatic changes in their practices with rapidly decreasing numbers of elective surgeries.
Binding Affinity Prediction by Pairwise Function Based on Neural Network

We present a new approach to estimate the binding affinity from given three-dimensional poses of protein-ligand complexes. In this scheme, every protein-ligand atom pair makes an additive free-energy contribution. The sum of these pairwise contributions then gives the total binding free energy or the logarithm of the dissociation constant. The pairwise contribution is calculated by a function implemented via a neural network that takes the properties of the two atoms and their distance as input. The pairwise function is trained using a portion of the PDBbind 2018 data set. The model achieves good accuracy for affinity predictions when evaluated with PDBbind 2018 and with the CASF-2016 benchmark, comparing favorably to many scoring functions such as that of AutoDock Vina. The framework here may be extended to incorporate other factors to further improve its accuracy and power.
Sponsorship Effects in Online Surveys

Many academic surveys administered online include a banner along the top of the survey displaying the name or logo of the researcher’s university. These banners may unintentionally influence respondents’ answers since subtle contextual cues often have great impact on survey responses. Our study aims to determine whether these banners influence survey respondents’ answers, that is, whether they induce sponsorship effects. For this purpose, we field three different studies on Amazon’s MTurk where we randomly assign the sponsoring institution. Our outcome measures include survey questions about social conservatism, religious practices, group affect, and political knowledge. We find that respondents provide similar answers and exhibit similar levels of effort regardless of the apparent sponsor.
4,4′,5,5′-Tetraamino-3,3′-azo-bis-1,2,4-triazole and the electrosynthesis of high-performing insensitive energetic materials

Herein, we have demonstrated that electrochemical synthesis of high-performing, insensitive energetic materials in an environmentally friendly manner is possible in a single step from readily available precursors using a synthetic transformation not possible by traditional chemical methods. The electrochemical oxidation of 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole in aqueous solution yielded a remarkably stable, high performing new energetic material that was further used to produce various energetic salts. This electrochemically synthesized product and its energetic salts exhibit high thermal stability, low sensitivity towards impact and friction, good calculated detonation performances, and a low-cost synthesis with low toxicity waste streams and amenability to scale up. This works demonstrates electrochemistry's utility towards production of novel modern energetic materials that would otherwise be unobtainable through traditional synthetic pathways.
Retrospective Analysis of 77 Hemodialysis Patients Shows No Cases of Steal Syndrome from Graft Taper Reduction.

Abstract Purpose To review the immediate flow response and incidence of steal syndrome after taper reduction of tapered dialysis grafts. Material and Methods This was a retrospective review of a quality assurance database of all hemodialysis access interventions performed between 2005 and 2017. It identified 77 patients who underwent a taper reduction procedure, involving angioplasty of the arterial limb of the graft and the arterial anastomosis for graft thrombosis/poor flow. A subset of patients underwent 5-, 6-, or 7-mm balloon taper reduction angioplasty coupled with intravascular direct flow measurement (n = 15 with 16 dialysis grafts). A two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and post-taper reduction flows. Mean duration of follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 0–12.5 years). Results Mean access survival after taper reduction was 20.2 months (range, 0.10–94.4 months). Pre- and post-taper reduction access flows (mean Qb ± standard deviation) were 574 ± 315 ml/min and 929 ± 352 ml/min, respectively (P Conclusions Dialysis graft arterial anastomotic taper reduction did not result in the development of steal syndrome within 6 months. In the subset of patients who underwent flow measurements, taper reduction was associated with nearly a 2-fold improvement in access flow, which is a key predictor of access function.
Subverting Stereotypes: Visual Rhetoric in the #SheCanSTEM Campaigns

The Ad Council’s “She Can STEM” (SheCanSTEM.com) campaign works to promote science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) to girls by subverting the culturally-dominant stereotype that the fields are masculine endeavors. This study examines select "She Can STEM" campaign images to see how they avoid the most common visual STEM stereotypes. However, the campaign’s strong avoidance of all STEM tropes ends up creating a campaign deficiency by stripping its role models of all visual cues that the women are in STEM.
Miniaturized Monuments and Their Romantic resurrection: Théophile Gautier and the Great Exhibition of London

“Un paysage immense sort de ces etroits casiers” (1856, 290) [An immense landscape rises out of these narrow compartments]1: this Proustian moment of literary resurrection occurs in Theophile Gauti...
Preliminary calibration and validation of the Texas Mechanistic-Empirical flexible pavement design

This paper presents a concise approach for calibrating the damage models in the TxME, a mechanistic–empirical flexible pavement design model developed for Texas. The models calibrated are rutting, ...
Ethnic References in Branding and AI Content Moderation: From the Ajax 'Jews' to the Washington Redskins and Beyond

Sports teams sometimes adopt names — and fans sometimes adopt team nicknames — that might be viewed as derogatory epithets targeting a particular racial, ethnic, or religious group, but which serve as a badge of honor for team fans or even for members of the targeted group. How does and should trademark law address such uses, particular uses of derogatory epithets that are “reclaimed” as badges of honor by a minority group? How do AI content moderation tools account for social media user postings that feature hate speech or reclaimed epithets, whether as sport team names or otherwise? And, to put those questions into their broader framework: how is regulation, whether through formal law or AI, to account for semiotic fluidity, the variable meaning of words over different temporal, spatial, and social contexts? My essay is inspired by the Ajax “Jews”, a phenomenon I learned of when Bernt Hugenholtz told me about it some 25 years ago.
On Shortening the Numerical Transient in Time-Stepping Finite Element Analysis of Induction Motor Under Inter-Turn Short Circuit Fault Faults

An induction motor inter-turn short circuit fault usually occurs due to the stator winding insulation failure and spreads from only a few turns in its incipient stage, to a higher number of turns. The Time-Stepping Finite Element (TS-FE) analysis is amongst the most preferred techniques for modeling induction motors under inter-turn short circuit fault. However, such a technique suffers from lengthy numerical transients, before convergence to steady-state solutions are reached. In this paper, the computational burden due to such a lengthy numerical transient in TS-FE simulation of such an induction motor under inter-turn short circuit faults, is mitigated. This is accomplished through the so-called “Virtual Blocked Rotor (VBR)” approach. Also, using the results obtained from the VBR-based TS-FE analysis of such a faulty induction motor, an inter-turn fault index is extracted using a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) assisted Magnetic Field Pendulous Oscillation (MFPO) swing angle. This modified MFPO does not need monitoring of the phase voltages to extract the fault related swing angle (or fault index).
Feasibility of a semi-batch vertical-flow wetland for onsite residential graywater treatment

Abstract The technical feasibility of graywater treatment, via a semi-batch vertical flow wetland (SB-VFW), was evaluated at a single family home for aboveground water reuse. Graywater treatment was achieved to a quality level that was well within the regulatory compliance limits (e.g., with respect to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity) for above ground reuse. System performance over the course of a five-month field study demonstrated that the necessary treatment time was typically ∼3 h for a 300 L batch. The SB-VFW operated in a stable manner owing to the use of a coconut soil substitute that has high hydraulic conductivity and also enabled avoidance of clogging due to excess biofilm growth. The latter was made possible through the use of a bio-based laundry (BBL) detergent which had a lower organic content relative to conventional laundry detergents. The system was able to return to normal operation even after detergent shock loads. Results of the present study are encouraging and suggest that residential level graywater treatment is technically feasible and can thus potentially expand the range of possible water reuse applications.
Delineation of clinical conditions: conceptual models of 'physical' and 'mental disorders.

The dysfunctional consequences of the Cartesian dichotomy have been enhanced by the power of biomedical technology. Technical virtuosity reifies the mechanical model and widens the gap between what patients seek and doctors provide. Patients suffer 'illnesses'; doctors diagnose and treat 'diseases'. Illnesses are experiences of discontinuities in states of being and perceived role performances. Diseases, in the scientific paradigm of modern medicine, are abnormalities in the function and/or structure of body organs and systems. Traditional healers also redefine illness as disease: because they share symbols and metaphors consonant with lay beliefs, their healing rituals are more responsive to the psychosocial context of illness. Psychiatric disorders offer an illuminating perspective on the basic medical dilemma. The paradigms for psychiatric practice include multiple and ostensibly contradictory models: organic, psychodynamic, behavioural and social. This melange of concepts stems from the fact that the fundamental manifestations of psychosis are disordered behaviours. The psychotic patient remains a person; his self-concept and relationships with others are cental to the therapeutic encounter, whatever pharmacological adjuncts are employed. The same truths hold for all patients. The social matrix determines when and how the patient seeks what kind of help, his 'compliance' with the recommended regimen and, to a significant extent, the functional outcome. When physicians dismiss illness because ascertainable 'disease' is absent, they fail to meet their socially assigned responsibility. It is essential to reintegrate 'scientific' and 'social' concepts of disease and illness as a basis for a functional system of medical research and care.
Bipolar pulse conductometric monitoring of ion-selective electrodes: Part 2. Studies with the fluoride-selective electrode

Abstract Bipolar pulse conductometric monitoring of the fluoride ion-selective electrode (i.s.e.) is evaluated. It is shown that fluoride ion, in addition to affecting the electrode potential, also can have two effects upon the total resistance of the electrode. Fluoride ion can enter a gel layer on the surface of the doped lanthanum fluoride crystal; solution concentrations as low as 10 -9 M fluoride can significantly decrease the gel resistance. Fluoride concentrations in the potentiometric working range of the i.s.e. can also increase the electrode resistance. The conductometric detection limit is 2–4 decades lower than the potentiometric detection limit. However, because of the resistance factors, the conductometric curve is not monotonic, and shows a maximum at a fluoride concentration in the vicinity of the potentiometric detection limit. The two resistive changes possible have different time dependences; the decrease of the gel layer resistance becomes predominant at long measurement times, while the increase of the crystal resistance predominates within the first minute of exposure to solution. Hydroxide is shown to affect the i.s.e. potential and lower the gel layer resistance. Response time to changes in fluoride concentration are less than 15 s and do not show the strong concentration dependence observed potentiometrically. The i.s.e. is shown to have a slightly lower resistance to fluoride entering the crystal than to fluoride leaving it. The small resistive dependence on direction of ion migration may indicate a directional dependence of activation energy for ion transport across the membrane solution interfaces.