cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coherent Plasmon-Polariton-Phonon Emission from Ultra-High Mobility Carriers

Interaction between streaming carrier plasmons and lattice vibrations in ultra-high mobility materials leads to unstable excitation of novel, hybrid plasmon-polariton-phonon modes. Spontaneous growth from noise and THz lasing from nano-stuctures is investigated.
Structure and energetics of optimal Ekman layer perturbations

The optimal non-modal perturbations for the neutrally stratified boundary layer in a rotating frame of reference (Ekman layer) are found for a Reynolds number characteristic of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Two classes of non-modal instabilities are found: evanescent perturbations, with lifetimes up to about one hour, and growing instabilities. The important difference between these types of perturbations is whether or not the optimal non-modal perturbation projects onto an unstable normal mode. The evanescent instabilities are of smaller scale and are oriented at larger angles to the surface isobars compared to either the growing perturbations or normal-mode instabilities. The optimal perturbations take the form of vortices at an acute angle to the geostrophic flow that rapidly transform into streaks with associated overturning motion. The energetics of the optimal perturbations are investigated in detail to clarify the instability mechanism throughout its evolution. Nonlinear stability analyses of the neutrally stratified Ekman layer have shown that the normal-mode instability will equilibrate with the mean flow to form boundary-layer-scale equilibrium roll eddies aligned closely with the geostrophic flow. However, numerical simulations do not generate these rolls in neutral stratification although they often realize small-scale near-surface streaks oriented at large angles to the geostrophic wind. The evanescent optimal perturbations bear a close resemblance to the simulated streaks. It is proposed that the non-model perturbation mechanism is associated with the streaks.
An interactive Barnes objective map analysis scheme for use with satellite and conventional data

The Barnes (1973) objective map analysis scheme is employed to develop an interactive analysis package for assessing the impact of satellite-derived data on analyses of conventional meteorological data sets. The method permits modification of the values of input parameters in the objective analysis within objectively determined, internally set limits. The effects of the manipulations are rapidly displayed, and methods are included for assimilating the spatially clustered characteristics of satellite data and the various horizontal resolutions of the data types. Data sets from the SESAME rawinsonde wind data with uniform spatial distribution, with the same data set plus satellite cloud motion data, and a data set from the atmospheric sounder radiometer on the GOES satellite were analyzed as examples. The scheme is demonstrated to recover details after two iterations through the data.
Aluminium‐27 NMR studies of aluminiumporphyrins

Aluminium-27 NMR has been employed to study several different aluminiumporphyrins based on (5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenyl)porphyrin (TPPH2). The aluminiumporphyrins were formed by reacting a stoichiometric amount of trialkylaluminium with TPPH2 to yield TPPAl-R. The resulting aluminiumporphyrin was modified by adding a stoichiometric amount of various carboxylic acids to form aluminiumporphyrin carboxylates that had varying steric and electronic effects on the macrocycle.
Renal Development and Adult Hypertension: Commentary on the article by Woods et al. on page 460

Renal Development and Adult Hypertension: Commentary on the article by Woods et al. on page 460
Wind tunnel evaluation of the British Smoke Shade Sampler

The funnel-shaped inlet of the British Smoke Shade Sampler was tested in a wind tunnel to characterize aerosol penetration as a function of particle size and wind speed. Cutpoint sizes of 13.S and 10.8μm were noted at wind speeds of 2 and 8 km h−1, respectively. Tests of aerosol penetration through the complete sampling system, including the inlet, connecting tubing, manifold and filter holder, showed the cutpoint to be 4.4 μm. Tubing losses appear to control the transport of the larger particles.
Spatial boundaries and temporal periods for setting greenhouse gas performance standards

Many methods have been devised for setting baselines for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation projects. Of these, multiproject baseline methods have emerged that yield baseline emissions rates (or performance standards), which can be used for any number of projects in the corresponding sector and region. These methods frequently rely on deriving the performance standards from the outputs and associated emissions of recently completed facilities within an appropriate reference region. However, no standard or systematic method has been accepted for determining the appropriate spatial boundary and year of construction (or implementation) for facilities to be included in the reference set. This study examines the question of how GHG crediting programs may begin to methodically address these two parameters. We use examples from power sector and land-use change and forestry projects to illustrate our approach, but the analysis is applicable to a wide variety of GHG mitigation projects. We find that performance standards can generally be grouped into five spatial categories: global, national (or other administrative region), infrastructural, biophysical, and generic. As for temporal periods, multiyear averages produce more consistent performance standards that are often more representative of the mix of resources or technologies that can be used for a given activity than a standard based on only 1 year.
QTc Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes Associated with Methadone Therapy

Oral methadone therapy is an effective and increasingly popular treatment for opioid dependency and chronic pain. Although it is not typically considered pro-dysrhythmic, we present the unique case of a 52-year-old HIV-positive woman without underlying cardiac disease who developed QTc prolongation and pulseless Torsades secondary to high dose methadone therapy.
A Churchmanian theory of knowledge management system design

This paper employs Churchman's (1971) inquiring systems as a kernel theory on which to base knowledge management systems (KMS) design. We build on Churchman's nine requirements for an object to constitute a system and his Singerian inquiring system to develop the notion of Churchmanian knowledge management systems (CKMS) and principles for their design. We define a CKMS as a purposeful and ethical information system that creates exoteric knowledge and provides a link between knowledge and action in an organization. The design principles involve a strong emphasis on ethical behavior, the development of success measures for CKMS, the need to ensure that the CKMS enhances the dignity of mankind, a highly participatory design process, the desire to unify the designers, the decision makers and clients, the need to shape CKMS components in relation to the system as a whole, and the need for a "guarantor" to validate knowledge residing in the CKMS.
Stigma in families of individuals in early stages of psychotic illness: family stigma and early psychosis.

Aim—Stigma is pervasive among families of individuals with psychotic disorders and includes both general and ‘associative’ stigma – that is, the process by which a person is stigmatized by virtue of association with another stigmatized individual. These forms of stigma may present a barrier to help seeking. However, little is known about stigma in the early stages of evolving psychotic disorder. Methods—Family members of 11 individuals at clinical high risk and of nine patients with recentonset psychosis were evaluated for generalized and associative stigma using the Opinions about Mental Illness (modified) and the Family Experiences Interview Schedule. Results—In this small study, the level of stigma was low, as families endorsed many supportive statements, for example, patients should be encouraged to vote, patients want to work, mental illness should be protected legally as a disability and parity should exist in insurance coverage. Families also endorsed that both talking and a belief in God and prayer can help someone get better. Only ethnic minority families of individuals with recent-onset psychosis endorsed a sense of shame and need to conceal the patient's illness. Conclusions—This preliminary study suggests that family stigma is low in the early stages of psychotic disorder, a finding that requires further investigation in a larger and more representative sample. This may be an opportune time to engage young people and families, so as to reduce duration of untreated illness. Ethnic differences in stigma, if replicated, highlight the need for cultural sensitivity in engaging individuals and their families in treatment.
Components of change in the evolution of learning and unlearned preference

Several phenomena in animal learning seem to call for evolutionary explanations, such as patterns of what animals learn and do not learn. While several models consider how evolution should influence learning, we have very little data testing these models. Theorists agree that environmental change is a central factor in the evolution of learning. We describe a mathematical model and an experiment, testing two components of change: reliability of experience and predictability of the best action. Using replicate populations of Drosophila we varied statistical patterns of change across 30 generations. Our results provide the first experimental demonstration that some types of environmental change favour learning while others select against it, giving the first experimental support for a more nuanced interpretation of the selective factors influencing the evolution of learning.
Pay It Forward: The Positive Crossover Effects of Supervisor Work–Family Enrichment

This research examines the crossover effect of supervisors’ work—family enrichment on subordinates’ work—family enrichment and job performance. Drawing on broaden and build theory and Westman’s crossover work, the authors posit that supervisors’ work—family enrichment leads to the creation of a family-friendly work environment, which in turn promotes subordinate work-to-family enrichment and subsequent performance. Subordinate perceptions of schedule control and family-supportive organization are used to operationalize a family-friendly work environment because immediate supervisors are frequently key gatekeepers in setting these organizational practices within a work unit. The authors test hypotheses based on this model using a sample of 161 subordinates and their immediate supervisors (N = 48) and find that work-to-family enrichment crosses over from the supervisor to the subordinate through the subordinate’s perceptions of greater schedule control. Crossover effects were not detected for family-to-work...
The Shading Coil Displacement Transducer

The shading coil displacement transducer is unique among the family of variable inductance displacement transducers in that no motion of an iron core is necessary. The moving element is a small, one-turn winding which functions as a shading coil. This means that this device is characterized by an extremely light armature.
Implementation of the direct SCF and RPA methods on loosely coupled networks of workstations

The use of a cluster of workstations as an alternative supercomputer resource is demonstrated using the ab initio direct SCF and RPA code DISCO. DISCO was implemented using several different mechanisms to achieve the requisite parallelization. The various parallel software mechanisms are characterized based upon several different criteria, including portability, ease of use, and relative efficiency. The application of direct SCF and RPA techniques to study the static polarizability of paranitroaniline is described. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimal pulse to generate non-classical photon states via photon blockade

The single photon character of nonclassical states of light that can be generated using photon blockade is analyzed for time domain operation. We show that improved single photon statistics (single photon around 85% with a multi-photon of 8%) can be obtained by adequately choosing the parameters (mainly amplitude and pulse-duration) of the driving laser pulses. An alternative method, where the system is driven via a continuous wave laser and the frequency of the dipole is controlled (e.g. electrically) at very fast timescales is presented. We also show that this non-classical state performs better than a weak coherent pulse, when applied to BB84 quantum cryptography protocol.
Obesity, Physical Activity, and Depressive Symptoms in a Cohort of Adults Aged 51 to 61:

Objective: To determine associations between changes in obesity and vigorous physical activity (PA) status and depressive symptoms in a cohort aged 51 to 61 years at baseline. Method: Two waves (19...
Intensity effects on the stimulated four photon spectra generated by picosecond pulses in optical fibers

The intensity dependence of stimulated four photon mixing (SFPM) spectra generated in 15 m of a 4-mode optical fiber by 25- ps pulses has been investigated. Despite the shortness of pulses, the SFPM conversion was highly efficient due to the intrinsic phase matching condition. In addition to usual features of SFPM spectra generated by nanosecond pump pulses, picosecond SFPM spectra were broadened by self phase modulation (SPM) and cross phase modulation (XPM). At the highest pump powers, intensity saturated frequency continua, arising from the combined effects of SFPM, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), SPM, and XPM were generated all over the visible spectrum.
Primary Actinomycotic Endocarditis: Case Report and Review

Endocarditis due to Actinomyces species for which a portal of entry cannot be identified is extremely rare. We present a case of primary endocarditis due to Actinomyces israelii with an unknown portal of entry and review seven similar cases reported in the literature since 1939. The disease predominantly affects males. Clinical features are similar to those of bacterial endocarditis due to other organisms. Penicillin remains the drug of choice for treatment of this condition. The optimal duration of treatment has not yet been determined; however, with early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the prognosis is good.
How does regulation affect the risk taking of banks? A U.S. and Canadian perspective

This historical study utilizes annual insured bank data from 1936 through 1989 to empirically evaluate the impact of bank regulation on bank risk taking in a cross-country comparison of the United States and Canada. Risk is hypothesized to be determined, in part, by the regulatory environment in which a bank operates. The findings of this analysis contributes to the contemporary deregulation policy debate, since both branch banking restrictions and deposit insurance variables are found to be detrimental to bank stability. More specifically, these results support the 1994 Riegle–Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act, which removed legislative barriers to interstate branching. These results also confirm expectations that deposit insurance increases risk taking and supports the 1991 mandate by regulators that risk-based deposit insurance be created. Further, these findings support the 1988 Basel Accord to standardize bank capital requirements internationally and to link these standards to bank risk taking.
Standard Hospitality Elements at Resorts: An Empirical Assessment

Prior research investigating the factors important to resort visitors has generally focused on a specific resort setting or market segment, which has resulted in a tendency to emphasize activity-related elements. While useful, this tendency to emphasize activity-related elements has limited our understanding of the role of the nonactivity, hospitality-based elements common to all resort types. Given this gap in the research literature, the purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding of the importance of these standard hospitality elements to resort consumers. Using survey data collected from a sample of recent resort visitors, three underlying factors are identified. Subsequent analyses examine the impacts of sociodemographic and trip characteristic variables on the relative importance of these three factors. Results suggest important implications for industry executives along with directions for future investigation.
SYMBOL RECOGNITION IN A CAD ENVIRONMENT USING A NEURAL NETWORK

A new neural network called AUGURS is designed to assist a user of a Computer-Aided Design system in utilizing standard graphic symbols. With AUGURS, the CAD user can avoid searching for standard symbols in a large library and rely on AUGURS to automatically retrieve those symbols resembling the user’s drawing. More specifically, AUGURS inputs a bitmap image normalized with respect to location, size, and orientation, and outputs a list of standard symbols ranked by its assessment of the similarity between the symbol and the input image. Only the top ranked symbols are presented to the user for selection. AUGURS encodes geometric knowledge into its network structure and carefully balances its discriminant power and noise tolerance. The encoded knowledge enables AUGURS to learn reasonably well despite the limited number of training examples, the most serious challenge for the CAD domain. We have compared AUGURS with the Zipcode Net, a traditional layered feed-forward network with an unconstrained structure, and a network that inputs either Zernike or pseudo-Zernike moments. The experimental results conclude that AUGURS can achieve the best recognition performance among all networks being compared with reasonable recognition and learning efficiency.
Endocrine Secretory Granules and Neuronal Synaptic Vesicles Have Three Integral Membrane Proteins in Common

In response to an external stimulus, neuronal cells release neurotransmitters from small synaptic vesicles and endocrine cells release secretory proteins from large dense core granules. Despite these differences, endocrine cells express three proteins known to be components of synaptic vesicle membranes. To determine if all three proteins, p38, p65, and SV2, are present in endocrine dense core granule membranes, monoclonal antibodies bound to beads were used to immunoisolate organelles containing the synaptic vesicle antigens. [3H]norepinephrine was used to label both chromaffin granules purified from the bovine adrenal medulla and rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Up to 80% of the vesicular [3H]norepinephrine was immunoisolated from both labeled purified bovine chromaffin granules and PC12 postnuclear supernatants. In PC12 cells transfected with DNA encoding human growth hormone, the hormone was packaged and released with norepinephrine. 90% of the sedimentable hormone was also immunoisolated by antibodies to all three proteins. Stimulated secretion of PC12 cells via depolarization with 50 mM KCl decreased the amount of [3H]norepinephrine or human growth hormone immunoisolated. Electron microscopy of the immunoisolated fractions revealed large (greater than 100 nm diameter) dense core vesicles adherent to the beads. Thus, large dense core vesicles containing secretory proteins possess all three of the known synaptic vesicle membrane proteins.
Saved by Danger/Destroyed by Success. The Argument of Tocqueville’s Souvenirs

Dans le recit plein d'ironie que donne ses Souvenirs, Tocqueville esquisse un schema d'opposition entre Sauve par le danger et Perdu par le succes qui eclaire les conditions sous lesquelles les mouvements revolutionnaires s'effondrent ou reussissent. Les situations critiques concentrent les esprits avec un seul objectif en vue, moderent les appetits concurrents en encourageant les membres talentueux du groupe qui tient l'avantage a cooperer avec toutes leurs ressources. A l'oppose, des dangers moins pressants endorment la vigilance des groupes privilegies, surtout s'ils se sont habitues au danger dans un environnement apparemment peu inquietant.
Characteristics of troop contributors to peace operations and implications for global capacity

This article addresses two basic questions: Do most of the countries that have participated in peace operations in 2001–04 exhibit particular characteristics? If so, what are the implications for increasing the number of sustained and substantial contributors in the near term? We compared contributors and non-contributors along three dimensions: size of active-duty ground forces, regional location, and societal characteristics (governance, per capita income, internal stability and level of development). Among the most significant of our seven findings is that democratic, rich and middle income, stable and highly and lesser developed states constitute the majority profile of the peace operations community. We conclude that existing contributors are a more promising source of new sustained and substantial contributors than are nominal and non-contributors.
Circuits and architectures for field programmable gate array with configurable supply voltage

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) with supply voltage (Vdd) programmability have been proposed recently to reduce FPGA power, where the Vdd-level can be customized for FPGA circuit elements and unused circuit elements can be power-gated. In this paper, we first design novel Vdd-programmable and Vdd-gateable interconnect switches with minimal number of configuration SRAM cells. We then evaluate Vdd-programmable FPGA architectures using the new switches. The best architecture in our study uses Vdd-programmable logic blocks and Vdd-gateable interconnects. Compared to the baseline architecture similar to the leading commercial architecture, our best architecture reduces the minimal energy-delay product by 54.39% with 17% more area and 3% more configuration SRAM cells. Our evaluation results also show that LUT size 4 gives the lowest energy consumption, and LUT size 7 leads to the highest performance, both for all evaluated architectures.
A numerical scheme for the identification of hybrid systems describing the vibration of flexible beams with tip bodies

A cubic spline based Galerkin-like method is developed for the identification of a class of hybrid systems which describe the transverse vibration to flexible beams with attached tip bodies. The identification problem is formulated as a least squares fit to data subject to the system dynamics given by a coupled system of ordnary and partial differential equations recast as an abstract evolution equation (AEE) in an appropriate infinite dimensional Hilbert space. Projecting the AEE into spline-based subspaces leads naturally to a sequence of approximating finite dimensional identification problems. The solutions to these problems are shown to exist, are relatively easily computed, and are shown to, in some sense, converge to solutions to the original identification problem. Numerical results for a variety of examples are discussed.
Toward the Study of Society in Microcosm: Critical Problems of Group Relations Conferences:

In the first half of this article, the authors consider the basic structure, culture, and technique developed for the Group Relations Conference, which aims to be an open institution for studying in microcosm the working problems of society. They argue that the traditional culture and technique are nondevelopmental, hence can do very little about societal dynamics simply being replayed in conferences, which in turn lowers the morale of these events seriously. They believed that the inherent development thrust of conference members could be as powerful as the regressive instincts and class interests that ordinarily overrun conferences, if the interferences with group development were carefully attended to by consultants. Two experimental conferences have confirmed the hypothesis and, furthermore, shown the phases of the critical second-stage development, in which group members make prominent and master the inherent aggression in groups about differences.
Enrolling Stakeholders under Conditions of Risk and Uncertainty

Research summary Entrepreneurs often need resources controlled by stakeholders to form and exploit opportunities. While many of these resources can be acquired through simple contracts, the acquisition of some may require efforts on the part of stakeholders that go beyond what can be specified contractually. Such efforts—extra-role behaviors—generally involve the formation of deep psychological bonds between stakeholders and entrepreneurial endeavors. In an entrepreneurial context, the process of creating these bonds can be called stakeholder enrollment. Critical attributes of this process are shown to vary by the informational setting (risky or uncertain) within which entrepreneurship takes place. Managerial summary Entrepreneurs often need to gain access to resources controlled by other stakeholders to be successful. In some cases, entrepreneurs must induce these stakeholders to form deep psychological bonds in order to obtain the required resources. The process of creating these bonds is called stakeholder enrollment. This article notes that entrepreneurs can use information about the nature of the opportunity they are pursuing, information about themselves (i.e., the entrepreneurs' charisma, trustworthiness, and reputation), or both, to enroll stakeholders. This article suggests that the more uncertain a particular opportunity is, the less entrepreneurs can use information about the opportunity and the more they must rely on information about themselves to successfully enroll stakeholders.
Rapid kudzu eradication and switchgrass establishment through herbicide, bioherbicide and integrated programmes

ABSTRACTAmong the most important and visible weeds in the Southeastern USA is the exotic invasive vine, kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata). Efforts to eradicate it typically involve many years of application of restricted-use pesticides. Recent availability of effective, non-restricted-use pesticides and developments with the application of the bioherbicide Myrothecium verrucaria has made possible new control programmes for kudzu management. Field trials at three sites over two years with aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, metsulfuron methyl and combinations of these herbicides achieved 99–100% reduction in aboveground kudzu biomass. Additionally, programmes were developed that eradicated kudzu while simultaneously establishing native vegetation. One of these successful programmes integrated bioherbicide application, mechanical removal of kudzu biomass and planting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) in an entirely chemical herbicide-free system. These field tests demonstrate a variety of methods...
Evaluating the Military Retirement System: An Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis Approach

As the U.S. Government moves into an era of fiscal responsibility, addressing national spending goes hand-in-hand with addressing the specific programs in place that accrue the greatest costs in the future. Reducing these expenses is paramount in dealing with the budget strategy and finding the means to make programs more efficient should be the forward focus. From the realm of National Defense, the Military Retirement System is a growing expenditure that threatens both current and future benefits for the Service Member it is designed to service. The issue is sensitive in that its stakeholders encompass the men and women of the U.S. Armed Forces, but simultaneously the growing costs threaten the strategic defense of the United States. This study looks to address the inefficiencies of the current Military Retirement System by evaluating which attributes of the retirement plan that the Service Member finds most attractive. Using Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis a resourceful, unadorned surveying technique to evaluate the potential military retiree, this study demonstrates an effective methodology at evaluating consumer (the Service Member) preferences and provides an examination of potential policy changes to combat the growing financial dilemma.
Real Decision Support for Health Insurance Policy Selection.

Abstract We report on an ongoing project to develop data-driven tools to help individuals make better choices about health insurance and to better understand the range of costs to which they are exposed under different health plans. We describe a simulation tool that we developed to evaluate the likely usage and costs for an individual and family under a wide range of health service usage outcomes, but that can be tailored to specific physicians and the needs of the user and to reflect the demographics and other special attributes of the family. The simulator can accommodate, for example, specific known physician visits or planned procedures, while also generating statistically reasonable “unexpected” events like ER visits or catastrophic diagnoses. On the other hand, if a user provides only a small amount of information (e.g., just information about the family members), the simulator makes a number of generic assumptions regarding physician usage, etc., based on the age, gender, and other features of the...
Development of Methods to Predict High-Speed Reacting Flows in Aerospace Propulsion Systems

This paper discusses the current state-of-the-art of computational capabilities for predicting reacting flows in high-speed aerospace propulsion systems with an emphasis on the flow fields in scramjets. We begin with a review of the history of efforts to model the scramjet environment and then concentrate on more recent activities that lead to today’s capabilities. The NASP technology program provided strong motivation for advancing the computational capabilities of the country in both the government and private sectors. Required ground test facilities with sufficient test times were limited to around Mach 8, and higher Mach numbers, achievable in pulse facilities, could only be maintained for the order of milliseconds. In addition, the number of facility cycles available to parameterize a given engine flow path were limited, and the facilities were expensive to operate. Computational capabilities were needed to fill both of these gaps. While the NASP program was not successful in developing a vehicle, it did spawn the development of new computational algorithms. The Hyper-X Program beginning in 1995 revived high-speed computational research and development. A flight program is the catalyst that drives technology development and synthesizes all of the efforts into a unified tool for development of the ultimate experiment, the flight of a hypersonic vehicle. The genesis of most of the current day state-of-the-art computational tools for scramjet research and development began with this program. This paper attempts to cover this story from NASP and Hyper-X to the present day.
Optical Testing of Polycrystalline Silicon Flexure-Type Optical Actuators

Optical actuation is a necessity for the development of alloptical MEMS devices. Optically-powered actuators relying on a photothermal process are limited by overheating and structural damage resulting from the absorption of laser power. Surface micromachined polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) optical actuators, powered using an 808 nm continuous wave laser, were evaluated for displacement performance and susceptibility to damage. The tested actuators were of a flexure-type design fabricated from either a single 2.25 μm polysilicon layer or a 4.5 μm polysilicon laminate layer, and in three different designs. Displacement of the actuators was linear with power for all tested designs for powers below those that cause damage to the irradiated surface. Maximum displacement observed was in the 7-9 μm range regardless of actuator design. After surface damage is initiated, displacement of the actuator during irradiation recedes in all actuators, with actuators with a 50 μm-wide target surface exhibiting complete recession in their displacement. The return position of the actuators after the irradiated surface has damaged also exhibits recession on the order of 4-5 μm for surfaces damaged with up to 650 mW. Exposing the actuator surfaces to longer irradiation times had no effect on the displacement if the surface had no damage, but resulted in regression of the displacement as the irradiation time increased if the surface had preexisting damage.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Simple Endomorphism Rings

(1970). Simple Endomorphism Rings. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 9, pp. 987-989.
Hfs of F 19 in the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Mg F 2 : Co + +

The complex hyperfine structure of the $X$-band EPR spectra of ${\mathrm{Co}}^{++}$ as a dilute substitutional impurity in a single crystal of Mg${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been assigned. Where the $x$ and $z$ axes are taken along the bond direction of the two equivalent fluorine ions and along the crystalline $c$ axis, respectively, the values of the spin-Hamiltonian tensors are: for the gyromagnetic ratio (6.0327, 2.2970, 4.2391) Mc/sec; for the cobalt hyperfine interaction, (637.1, 123.3, 210.0) Mc/sec; for the hfs of the two equivalent ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ nuclei along the [110] direction, (308, 59, 76) Mc/sec; for the four equivalent ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ nuclei in the [110] plane, (92, 76, 162, 49) Mc/sec. In the last case the final component is the off-diagonal $\mathrm{yz}$ contribution. First-order perturbation theory for the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ superhyperfine structure predicts splittings independent of the cobalt nuclear-spin number. However, even though the ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ interactions are two orders of magnitude smaller than the Zeeman effect, for some magnetic-field orientations the observed splittings vary as much as 50% across the spectrum. The effect may be traced to fourth-order perturbations (squared in both the Co hyperfine and ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ hyperfine interaction) between nearly degenerate states. A set of computer programs to relate EPR spectra to spin-Hamiltonian parameters was essential to the analysis reported.
Management of a benign colonic stricture using a through-the-scope fully covered metal stent.

A 72-year-old woman presented with nausea, lower abdominal pain, distension, and obstipation. A 4-cm benign sigmoid stricture had been diagnosed 1 year previously with recurrence after two trials of controlled radial expansion (CRE) balloon dilation. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed colonic distension (cecal diameter of 7cm), collapsed thickened wall in the sigmoid/rectal area, and sigmoid diverticulosis. The patient was initially hesitant to undergo surgery and opted for placement of a temporary colonic stent. An upper gastrointestinal endoscope with an insertion tube of 11.6mm in diameter and a 3.8-mm working channel (EG-3490K; Pentax, Montvale, New Jersey, USA) was used with water immersion to distend the colon up to the sigmoid stricture at 21cm from the anal canal (●" Fig.1). A sphincterotome loaded with a 0.035-inch 450-cm guidewire (Dreamtome RX44; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was used under fluoroscopic guidance to advance the guidewire beyond the stricture. An 18-mm×80-mm through-the-scope (TTS) fully covered esophageal stent (S Esophageal stent; TaeWoong Medical, Gyeonggido, South Korea) was inserted along the guidewire beyond the stricture. Copious amounts of stool flowed after deployment of the stent (●" Video 1). After stent placement, the patient’s condition improved and subsequently she decided to undergo surgery. Stent placement was therefore a bridge to surgery, allowing bowel cleansing for a single-operation laparoscopic sigmoidectomy. Pathologic assessment showed diverticulosis, chronic inflammation, marked thickening of the muscularis propria, and no evidence of neoplastic disease. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) have been shown to be an option in managing benign colonic strictures and as a bridge to surgery [1]. Recent guidelines have however recommended avoiding stent placement in diverticular-related strictures [2]. Fully covered SEMSs (FCSEMSs) have the advantage of easy retrieval and less local tissue reaction when compared to non-covered stents [3]. Careful stent placement is essential and a through-thescope (TTS) stent may aid in safety. An in vivo animal study showed that an esophageal TTS-FCSEMS is easy to implant with no mesh distortion or membrane disruption [4]. In conclusion, this case shows the novel use of an esophageal TTS-FCSEMS to safely manage a benign colonic stricture by direct visualization and control. Obtaining a full view during placement decreases complications by allowing the stent to be maneuvered beyond both tight turns and the stricture, and for the proper position of the stent to be maintained during deployment.
Functional correlates of likelihood and prior representations in a virtual distance task

Spatial navigation is an imperative cognitive function, in which individuals must interact with their environment in order to accurately reach a destination. Previous research has demonstrated that, when traveling a predetermined distance, humans must balance between noise in the measurement process and the prior history of traveled distances. This tradeoff has recently been formally described using Bayesian estimation; however, the neural correlates of Bayesian estimation during distance reproduction have yet to be investigated. Here, human subjects performed a virtual reality distance reproduction task during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), in which they were required to reproduce various traveled distances in the absence of overt navigational cues. As previously demonstrated, subjects exhibited a central tendency effect, wherein reproduced distances gravitated to the mean of the stimulus set. fMRI activity during this task revealed distance-sensitive activity in a network of regions, including prefrontal and hippocampal regions. Using a computational index of central tendency, we found that activity in the retrosplenial cortex, a region highly implicated in spatial navigation, negatively covaried between subjects with the degree of central tendency observed; conversely, we found that activity in the anterior hippocampus/amygdala complex was positively correlated with the central tendency effect of gravitating to the average reproduced distance. These findings suggest dissociable roles for the retrosplenial cortex and hippocampal complex during distance reproduction, with both regions coordinating with the prefrontal cortex the influence of prior history of the environment with present experience. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3172-3187, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trajectories and correlates of special education supports for youth with autism spectrum disorder and psychiatric comparisons

Relatively little is known about patterns of school-based supportive services for youth with autism spectrum disorder. This study describes these supportive services and their correlates, both cross-sectionally and retrospectively, in a large sample ( N = 283) of 6- to 18- year-old youth. To assess whether special education designation and classroom placement patterns were peculiar to autism spectrum disorder, we also conducted analyses comparing youth with autism spectrum disorder to those with other psychiatric diagnoses ( N = 1088). In higher grades, the relative quantity of three common supportive services received by youth with autism spectrum disorder decreased, while total supportive service quantity remained stable over time. Youth with autism spectrum disorder were more likely to receive a special education designation and were placed in less inclusive classroom settings than youth with other psychiatric diagnoses. These findings suggest that as youth with autism spectrum disorder reach higher grades, changes in service provision occur in terms of both time and quantity.
Enabling xylose utilization in Yarrowia lipolytica for lipid production

The conversion of lignocellulosic sugars, in particular xylose, is important for sustainable fuels and chemicals production. While the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a strong candidate for lipid production, it is currently unable to effectively utilize xylose. By introducing a heterologous oxidoreductase pathway and enabling starvation adaptation, we obtained a Y. lipolytica strain, E26 XUS, that can use xylose as a sole carbon source and produce over 15 g/L of lipid in bioreactor fermentations (29.3% of theoretical yield) with a maximal lipid productivity of 0.19 g/L/h. Genomic sequencing and genetic analysis pointed toward increases in genomic copy number of the pathway and resulting elevated expression levels as the causative mutations underlying this improved phenotype. More broadly, many regions of the genome were duplicated during starvation of Yarrowia. This strain can form the basis for further engineering to enhance xylose catabolic rates and conversion. Finally, this study also reveals the flexibility and dynamic nature of the Y. lipolytica genome, and the means at which starvation can be used to induce genomic duplications.
Resolvin D2 Enhances Postischemic Revascularization While Resolving Inflammation.

Background:Resolvins are lipid mediators generated by leukocytes during the resolution phase of inflammation. They have been shown to regulate the transition from inflammation to tissue repair; how...
Power management strategy combining energy storage and demand response for microgrid emergency autonomous operation

This paper presents a power management strategy for microgrid emergency autonomous operation subsequent to unplanned islanding events. The proposed approach is composed of two coordinated scheduling stages operating in different time-frames to accommodate the uncertainty and variability associated with renewable generations as well as forecasting errors, and combines distributed generations, energy storage systems and demand side management techniques to ensure secure and stable microgrid autonomous operation. A scenario dependent rule-based approach is adopted for scheduling the microgrid resources which is computationally efficient and particularly suitable for microgrids with limited number of resources. Case study on a grid-connected microgrid test system based on IEEE 13-node distribution feeder demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in microgrid frequency regulation following an unplanned islanding events.
The impact of informal sector on income distribution: Could concentration of income be explained by the size of informal sector?

This paper uses a cross-sectional data to explore the impact that informal sector has on income variation across different income categories. Instead of using GINI coefficient, the paper considers income shares of decile groups of population. The results reflect a dual role of informal sector in economy. On one hand, informal sector could reduce the gap between income earners at the bottom level of income categories. On the other hand, the size of informal sector could exacerbate the gap between top income earners and other categories indicating further concentration of income. Some implications are discussed. Keywords: Income distribution, informal sector, concentration of income. JEL Classifications: E26, O15
Up and down trend associations in analysis of time series shape association patterns

The method of recognition of shape association patterns with direct and inverse relationships is proposed. This method is based on a new time series shape association measure based on Up and Down trend associations. The application of this technique to analysis of associations between well production data in petroleum reservoirs is discussed.
Enhancing the effectiveness of human-robot teaming with a closed-loop system

With technological developments in robotics and their increasing deployment, human-robot teams are set to be a mainstay in the future. To develop robots that possess teaming capabilities, such as being able to communicate implicitly, the present study implemented a closed-loop system. This system enabled the robot to provide adaptive aid without the need for explicit commands from the human teammate, through the use of multiple physiological workload measures. Such measures of workload vary in sensitivity and there is large inter-individual variability in physiological responses to imposed taskload. Workload models enacted via closed-loop system should accommodate such individual variability. The present research investigated the effects of the adaptive robot aid vs. imposed aid on performance and workload. Results showed that adaptive robot aid driven by an individualized workload model for physiological response resulted in greater improvements in performance compared to aid that was simply imposed by the system.
High-Performance High-Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by Low Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminum Oxide on Nanophase S Cathodes

This study examines the effects of nanophase S and surface coatings via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on high-loading sulfur cathodes for developing high-performance and high-energy lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. It is first verified that ball milling is an effective and facile route for nanoengineering microsized S powders and the resultant nanoscale S particles exhibit better performance. Using these ball milled nanoscale S cathodes, it is found that ALD Al2O3 performed at 50 °C yields deposits that evolve with ALD cycles from dispersed nanoparticles, to porous, connected films, and finally to dense and continuous films. Moreover, this low temperature ALD process suppresses S loss by sublimation. The ALD Al2O3 greatly improves sulfur cathode sustainable capacity and Coulombic efficiency. This study postulates two different mechanisms underlying the effects of ALD Al2O3 surface coatings depending on their morphology. ALD Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed on the sulfur surface mainly function to adsorb polysulfides, thereby inhibiting S shuttling and improving sustainable capacity and Coulombic efficiency. By contrast, ALD Al2O3 films behave as a physical barrier to prevent polysulfides from contacting the liquid electrolyte and dissolving. The dispersed Al2O3 nanoparticles improve both sustainable capacity and Coulombic efficiency while the closed Al2O3 films improve Coulombic efficiency while decreasing the capacity.
Creating the future of applied psychophysiology and biofeedback: from fantasy to reality.

AAPB and its membership are faced with a number of giant challenges, including but not limited to: (1) the cost savings efforts of third-party payors and managed care organizations; (2) the lack of public awareness of biofeedback and its usefulness; and (3) the lack of sufficient research data on both the effectiveness and efficacy of biofeedback. In spite of these challenges, there are windows of opportunity that have been or which could be created to move biofeedback further into the realm of conventional treatment. We must focus our efforts on working together to: (1) create strategic plans for creating the future of applied psychophysiology and biofeedback; (2) educate all decision makers, including the general public; (3) establish better relationships with other professionals with common interests; (4) conduct more efficacy and effectiveness research; and (5) create a demand for our services so that the public will be more willing to pay for our services “out of their own pocket.” In order for this to happen, we must stop fighting with each other and direct our energies to productive activities that can change fantasies into realities.