cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of polymers using virtual instruments: A tool for teaching and training

Abstract It’s expensive in terms of time and equipment to give students the necessary exposure to a wide variety of polymer behaviors in thermal analysis. One type of ‘Virtual Instrument’ (VI) has been developed that demonstrates the effects of changing input variables in classic polymer equations. Another type of VI more closely resembles real instruments such as DSC/DTA, DMTA and other thermal methods. These VIs consist of software developed using Labview ® from National Instruments and currently running on a PowerMac; the VIs are readily adapted to run on other platforms. These VIs are not intended to replace hands-on experiments with real instruments, rather they are designed to provide the student with exposure to a range of typical thermal responses experienced with changes in various parameters. In the DSC/DTA unit such parameters include copolymer composition, randomness, heating and cooling rate. The DMTA unit incorporates the effects of variables such as percentage crystallinity, cross-linking, molecular weight and compatibility. These VIs and others are described and their development and assumptions are discussed.
Data on importance of hematopoietic cell derived Lipocalin 2 against gut inflammation

The data herein is related to the research article entitled “Microbiota-inducible innate immune siderophore binding protein Lipocalin 2 is critical for intestinal homeostasis” (Singh et al., 2016) [1]. In the present article, we monitored dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis development upon Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) neutralization, and examined the survival of Lcn2 deficient (Lcn2KO) mice and their WT littermates upon DSS challenge. To dissect the relative contribution of immune and non-immune cells-derived Lcn2 in mediating protection against gut inflammation, we generated respective bone marrow chimera and evaluated their susceptibility to IL-10 receptor neutralization-induced chronic colitis. Neutralization of Lcn2 in WT mice resulted in exacerbated DSS-induced colitis. Notably, mice lacking Lcn2 exhibited 100% mortality whereas only 20% mortality was observed in WT mice upon DSS challenge. Further, data from bone marrow chimera showed that immune cell-derived Lcn2 is the major contributor in conferring protection against colitis.
Evaluation of User’s Affective Engagement While Interacting with Educational Technologies: A Pilot Study

There are several educational technologies developed to enforce learning in computing. These tools success have generally been studied through subjective measurement. However, subjective data may be inaccurate due to users not providing exact information. Therefore, validity may be of concern. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) researchers have recently implementing neurophysiological tools towards their user studies for subjective data support. This paper presents an exploratory user study to implement neurophysiological tools to gather objective data to evaluate the usefulness of educational technologies. A between-subject study was conducted comparing Alice and App Inventor user’s affective engagement levels. The results showed no statistical significant. Lastly, this paper can serve as a short guideline on how to adapt neurophysiological tools towards their user studies.
Exploring Advanced Euclidean Geometry with GeoGebra: The Poincaré Disk

In this final chapter we study the Poincare disk model for hyperbolic geometry. Even though hyperbolic geometry is a non-Euclidean geometry, the topic is nonetheless appropriate for inclusion in a treatment of Euclidean geometry because the Poincare disk is built within Euclidean geometry. The main tool used in the construction of the Poincare disk model is inversion in Euclidean circles, so the tools you made in Chapter 13 will be used in this chapter to perform hyperbolic constructions. Many of the constructions in this chapter were inspired by those in the beautiful paper [7] by Chaim Goodman-Strauss. It was Eugenio Beltrami (1835–1900) who originated the idea of representing hyperbolic geometry within Euclidean geometry. There are many ways in which to construct models of hyperbolic geometry, but the Poincare disk model is probably the best known. One reason for its popularity is the great beauty of the diagrams that can be constructed in it. The model is named for the French mathematician Henri Poincare (1854–1912) who first introduced it. The Poincare disk model for hyperbolic geometry A model for a geometry is an interpretation of the technical terms of the geometry (such as point, line, distance, angle measure, etc.) that is consistent with the axioms of the geometry. The usual model for Euclidean geometry is ℝ 2 , the Cartesian plane, which consists of all ordered pairs of real numbers.
Physicochemical Property Measurements Using SFC Instrumentation

When dedicated or specialized equipment is not available for physicochemical measurements in compressed gases or supercritical fluids, a supercritical fluid chromatograph may be employed to provide estimates and, often, accurate measures of several properties. Understanding phase behavior is an early requirement in process development and can be explored with chromatographic equipment. Critical points, dew points, and bubble points can be determined or estimated. Viscosity can be estimated, and solubility, adsorption isotherms, and diffusion coefficients can be measured accurately. Limits on what can be measured are imposed by uncertainties in the stationary and mobile phase composition resulting from the adsorption of mobile phase components by the stationary phase and the compressibility of the mobile phase. The capabilities given here empower analytical laboratories to more fully support process development.
Definitions for Contemporary Health Education

(1979). Definitions for Contemporary Health Education. Health Education: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 33-33.
Pristaulacus Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae) of the Philippines, and New Records from Malaysia

Three species of the aulacid genus Pristaulacus Kieffer are now known from the Philippines: P. erythrocephalus Cameron, P. bakeri, n. sp., and P. sibuyan, n. sp. The species are described and illustrated and a key is given for their separation. Two species of Pristaulacus were previously known from Borneo, both from the northern Malaysian state of Sarawak: P. erythrocephalus and P. fasciatipennis (Cameron). Additional records are given for these species, and P. iridipennis (Cameron) is newly recorded from Borneo (Malaysia: Sabah). Pristaulacus erythrocephalus is also recorded from the Malaysian Peninsula (Pahang).
Importance Sampling in Lattice Pricing Models

Binomial lattice models find widespread uses in the valuation of derivative financial instruments. When these instruments are path-dependent (non-Markovian), it is usually necessary to resort to Monte Carlo simulation. However, a crude Monte Carlo sampling of the lattice can be very inefficient since a large number of sample paths may need to be calculated.
Origin of Petroleum

Theories concerning the origin of oil on Earth fall into two camps: biogenic, where oil is generated by the thermal conversion of sedimentary organic matter derived from living organisms, and abiogenic, where oil is formed from mineral catalyzed reactions of nonbiological carbon deep within the Earth. Most geochemists believe that there are multiple and overwhelming lines of evidence supporting biogenic origins for petroleum. While there are known occurrences of abiogenic methane generated by geologic processes, these contribute little to petroleum resources. Economic reserves require all specific elements and processes occur within a sedimentary basin. The Petroleum System must contain: (1) at least one formation of organic-rich sediments (source rock) that has been buried to a sufficient depth by overburden rock such that petroleum is generated and expelled, (2) pathways (permeable strata and faults) that allow the petroleum to migrate, (3) reservoir rocks with sufficient porosity and permeability to accumulate economically significant quantities of petroleum, and (4) seal rock (low permeability) and structures that retain migrated petroleum within the reservoir rock. In the case of many unconventional resources, the source rock itself serves as source, reservoir, and seal.
Chemotherapy of metastatic gastrointestinal cancers: prospects for future adjuvant systemic therapies.

Overall survival enhancement for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies is most likely to come from the integration of active systemic drug therapies into combined modality programs, applied in the surgical adjuvant or locoregional disease setting. Recent results of chemotherapy trials in advanced disease are discussed with emphasis placed on regimens that appear to be likely candidates for future early-stage disease studies. The ultimate success of this overall strategy depends heavily on identification of new active chemotherapeutic agents. Meticulous disease-oriented phase II testing of all new agents in gastrointestinal cancers is critical to this effort.
Doubly stochastic processes: an approach for understanding central nervous system activity

In this paper we argue that doubly stochastic processes are a natural tool for understanding certain types of information processing in the central nervous system. Doubly stochastic processes themselves are not new and have been investigated in a mathematical context; however, they have not been widely applied in neuroscience. We begin by pointing out that the brain is very stochastic: both individual neurons and physiological neural networks exhibit a variety of stochastic firing patterns. We then consider transitions from one firing pattern to another in individual cells and argue that the transitions themselves are likely to be stochastic. Even if one agrees that doubly stochastic processes are a natural tool in these research areas, two natural questions arise. First, what kind of evidence in data would be necessary to prove that these processes are doubly stochastic? Secondly, if they are doubly stochastic, how does that help one understand neural processing and biological function? We describe new work on sleep-wake transitions where this research program has been carried out and where both questions have been answered.
Apology: It’s Elements and Legal Intrusions

Over the past couple of months many of you may have heard about a new initiative in malpractice legislation. This innovation is responsive to the notion that patients would be less likely to sue if we said to them “yes, an error was made, we regret it but please accept our apology”. The intent then is that the patient would get some measure of satisfaction from an admission that doctors are human, too. They would acknowledge by accepting the apology that an untoward result was occasioned by unfortunate error not malicious or incompetent action. The hope would be that the impetus to sue would be reduced. Recent articles in the Wall Street Journal and Time Magazine have played up this initiative. In this discussion I will lay out some arguments that lead to the conclusion that an apology is a great risk for radiologists particularly.
A likelihood for correlated extreme series

This paper develops a likelihood for sequences of extremes when observations are dependent in time. The likelihood allows researchers to obtain more realistic standard errors of the generalized extreme‐value parameters. As a motivating example, annual minimum temperatures are examined from the Faraday/Vernadsky research station in Antarctica. Here, the year‐to‐year correlation in the series is about 0.46. Our likelihood allows the series to have temporal correlation but also keeps a generalized extreme‐value marginal distribution at each point in time. An analysis of the Faraday/Vernadsky annual minimum temperatures is conducted. While the standard error of the estimated trend increases when dependence is taken into account, it does not change the correlation‐ignored inference that annual minimum temperatures at the station are increasing.
A Historical and Political Look at the Modern School Choice Movement

School choice in the United States can be traced back to the start of civil society when wealthy families selected a school based on educational philosophy, location, or religious tradition. As com...
Re-animating Muslim women’s auto/biographical writings: Hayat-e-Ashraf as a palimpsest of educated selves

The dominant image of Indian Muslim women of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is one of being uneducated, silent, and secluded. This trope has crossed temporal and spatial borders, making its...
The flux ejection dynamo with small diffusivity. I - Basic properties. II - Illustrative examples

In the first part of this paper, the flux ejection dynamo in an infinitely broad convective layer of finite depth is treated in the limit of electrical conductivity, where the convective layer upper surface is open to empty space while the lower surface is closed to the passage of fluid and field. The idealized convective overturning used allows an exact description of the symmetry and distribution of the magnetic field carried with the fluid. The total flux of the mean horizontal field grows linearly with the number of convective cycles. A discussion is given of the boundary conditions to be applied to an astronomical body whose flux ejection dynamo operates at its surface. In the second part, examples are presented which illustrate the consequences of reverse flux ejection from the surface of a convective layer of conducting fluid. Reverse flux ejection generally has the opposite effect of magnetic buoyancy, burying the fields rather than bringing them through the surface. Reverse flux injection at the surface of an alpha-omega dynamo profoundly alters the character of the solutions of dynamo equations.
Correction to: Modeling seasonal onset of coastal ice

The original publication of the article contains a typo in the first author’s name. This should be “Xiaolong” instead of “Xialong”.
A research protocol for a pilot, randomized controlled trial designed to examine the feasibility of a dyadic versus individual yoga program for family caregivers of glioma patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Although the diagnosis and treatment of a primary brain tumor present unique challenges to patients and their family caregivers, evidence-based supportive care interventions are generally lacking. The primary aim of this research protocol is to determine the feasibility of implementing a dyadic yoga (DY) versus a caregiver yoga (CY) intervention or a wait-list control (WLC) group using a randomized controlled trial design. Seventy-five glioma patients undergoing radiotherapy and their family caregivers are randomized to the DY, CY, or a WLC group. Patient-caregiver dyads in the DY group and caregivers in the CY group receive 15 sessions (45 min each) over the course of patients’ standard radiotherapy (6 weeks). Patients and caregivers in all groups complete baseline assessments of symptoms, quality of life (QOL), and health utilization outcomes prior to randomization. Follow-up assessments are performed 6 weeks and then again 3 months later. The primary outcome is feasibility (i.e., ≥ 50% of eligible dyads consent, ≥ 70% of enrolled dyads complete all assessments, and ≥ 50% of all practice sessions are attended). We will also perform primarily descriptive analyses of the self-reported outcomes (e.g., fatigue, overall QOL) and explore potential intervention moderators (e.g., performance status) to inform a larger future trial. This trial will provide important information regarding the feasibility of a dyadic versus a caregiver yoga intervention regarding symptom, QOL, and health utilization outcomes in glioma patients and their caregivers. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02481349
Chronic Dengue Virus Panencephalitis in a Patient with Progressive Dementia with Extrapyramidal Features

Objective To determine the underlying etiology in a patient with progressive dementia with extrapyramidal signs and chronic inflammation referred to the National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program. Methods Extensive investigations included metabolic profile, autoantibody panel, infectious etiologies, genetic screening, whole exome sequencing, and the phage-display assay, VirScan, for viral immune responses. An etiological diagnosis was established postmortem. Results Using VirScan, enrichment of dengue viral antibodies was detected in cerebrospinal fluid as compared to serum. No virus was detected in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, but postmortem analysis confirmed dengue virus in the brain by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. Dengue virus was also detectable by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing from brain biopsy tissue collected 33 months antemortem, confirming a chronic infection despite a robust immune response directed against the virus. Immunoprofiling and whole exome sequencing of the patient did not reveal any immunodeficiency, and sequencing of the virus demonstrated wild-type dengue virus in the central nervous system. Interpretation Dengue virus is the most common arbovirus worldwide and represents a significant public health concern. Infections with dengue virus are usually self-limiting, and chronic dengue infections have not been previously reported. Our findings suggest that dengue virus infections may persist in the central nervous system causing a panencephalitis and should be considered in patients with progressive dementia with extrapyramidal features in endemic regions or with relevant travel history. Furthermore, this work highlights the utility of comprehensive antibody profiling assays to aid in the diagnosis of encephalitis of unknown etiology. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:695-703.
Informed Consent in a Pragmatic Emergency Suicide Trial: Rejecting the Research-Practice Distinction.

Managing suicidality is fraught with unique ethical issues, including limits to confidentiality, questions about decision-making capacity, and tensions related to beneficence overriding patient aut...
Comparing the efficacy, exposure, and cost of clinical trial analysis methods.

This study aimed to compare three commonly used analysis methods for clinical trials in epilepsy in terms of statistical efficiency, nonefficacious exposure, and cost. A realistic seizure diary simulator was employed to produce 102 000 trials, which were analyzed by the 50%-responder rate method (RR50), median percentage change (MPC), and time to prerandomization (TTP). Half the trials compared a placebo to a drug that was 20% better, and the other half compared two placebos. The former were used to calculate statistical power; the latter were used for type 1 error rates. Based on the number of patients needed to achieve 90% power, expected number of patient-days of nonefficacious exposures and expected cost were calculated for each method. MPC demonstrated the highest efficacy, lowest exposure, and lowest cost. RR50 demonstrated the lowest efficacy, highest exposure, and highest cost. Costs were: MPC $1 295 000, TTP $1 315 720, and RR50 $2 331 000. Selecting an optimal analysis method for a primary outcome in an epilepsy trial can have consequences in terms of nonefficacious exposure and cost. This study provides evidence supporting the use of MPC (preferred) or TTP, and evidence suggesting that RR50 would incur high costs and excess exposures.
Evaluation of Two Fast Virtual Stenting Algorithms for Intracranial Aneurysm Flow Diversion.

Background Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) by flow diverter (FD) stents depends on flow modification. Patient-specific modeling of FD deployment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) could enable a priori endovascular strategy optimization. We developed a fast, simplistic, expansion-free balls-weeping algorithm to model FDs in patientspecific aneurysm geometry. However, since such strong simplification could result in less accurate simulations, we also developed a fast virtual stenting workflow (VSW) that explicitly models stent expansion using pseudo-physical forces. Methods To test which of these two fast algorithms more accurately simulates real FDs, we applied them to virtually treat three representative patient-specific IAs. We deployed Pipeline Embolization Device into 3 patient-specific silicone aneurysm phantoms and simulated the treatments using both balls-weeping and VSW algorithms in computational aneurysm models. We then compared the virtually deployed FD stents against experimental results in terms of geometry and post-treatment flow fields. For stent geometry, we evaluated gross configurations and porosity. For post-treatment aneurysmal flow, we compared CFD results against experimental measurements by particle image velocimetry. Results We found that VSW created more realistic FD deployments than balls-weeping in terms of stent geometry, porosity and pore density. In particular, balls-weeping produced unrealistic FD bulging at the aneurysm neck, and this artifact drastically increased with neck size. Both FD deployment methods resulted in similar flow patterns, but the VSW had less error in flow velocity and inflow rate. Conclusion In conclusion, modeling stent expansion is critical for preventing unrealistic bulging effects and thus should be considered in virtual FD deployment algorithms. Also endowed with its high computational efficiency and superior accuracy, the VSW algorithm is a better candidate for implementation into a bedside clinical tool for FD deployment simulation.
Rethinking the Revolution: Religion and Politics in Liuba Cid’s Afro-Cuban Adaptation of Fuenteovejuna

AbstractThis essay discusses the contributions of theater director Liuba Cid and Cuban theater company Mephisto Teatro, highlighting the group’s Afro-Caribbean adaptation of Fuenteovejuna (2009). C...
An Adventure in Learning about Communication in Partnerships

This article details 7 Tips for Partnership Communication that help, not hurt relationships. Communiation resources and scholarshp are highlighted throughout the article. An overview of the author's Collaborative Communication Framework which can be used to guide community-campus partners throughout their work together is also shared.
Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: Potential of Fecal Transplant and Microbiota-Augmented Clinical Trials

This review summarizes the role of the microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) in the setting of immunotherapy and emphasizes the potential of microbiota-influencing strategies with a focus on the use of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). Observations from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that the human gut microbiome is implicated in the CRC carcinogenesis and is integral in determining the clinical response and toxicity to immunotherapy. Among the therapeutic methods devised to exploit the microbiome, FMT is the most direct method and is backed by the highest level of evidence of efficacy in nonneoplastic disease settings. Furthermore, a favorable microbiome has the potential to overcome immunotherapy resistance and ameliorate immune-related adverse events (irAEs). To this end, clinical trials are underway to evaluate the potential of FMT and microbiota-augmented methods in the setting of immunotherapy in CRC. Evidence from animal studies, retrospective studies, and smaller-scale prospective human studies have led to initiation of a number of microbiota-augmented clinical trials in CRC. Given the intimate relationship between the gut microbiota and the immune system as well as antitumor immune responses, potentiating immunotherapy and managing its toxicity are major areas of research in microbiota-augmented therapies in cancer. Therefore, evaluation of the patient microbiome as a routine part of clinical outcome analysis is warranted in future clinical trials.
Are EMS bypass policies effective implementation strategies for intravenous alteplase for stroke

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and the fifth leading cause of death in the USA. Intravenous alteplase is a highly effective clot-dissolving stroke treatment that must be given in a hospital setting within a time-sensitive window. To increase the use of intravenous alteplase in stroke patients, many US counties enacted policies mandating emergency medical service (EMS) paramedics to bypass local emergency departments and instead directly transport patients to specially equipped stroke centers. The objective of this mixed-methods study is to evaluate the effectiveness of policy enactment as an implementation strategy, how differences in policy structures and processes impact effectiveness, and to explore how the county, hospital, and policy factors explain variation in implementation and clinical outcomes. This paper provides a detailed description of an Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research (AHRQ)-funded protocol, including the use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) in the qualitative design. We will construct the largest-ever national stroke database of Medicare enrollees (~ 1.5 million stroke patients) representing 896 policy counties paired with 1792 non-policy counties, then integrate patient-, hospital-, county-, and state-level covariates from eight different data sources. We will use a difference-in-differences analysis to estimate the overall effect of the policy enactment on intravenous alteplase use (implementation outcome) as well as key patient outcomes. We will also quantitatively examine if variation in the context (urban/rural status) and variation in policy features affect outcomes. Finally, a CFIR-informed multiple case study design will be used to interview informants in 72 stakeholders in 24 counties to identify and validate factors that enable policy effects. Policies can be potent implementation strategies. However, the effects of EMS bypass policies to increase intravenous alteplase use have not been rigorously evaluated. By learning how context and policy structures impact alteplase implementation, as well as the barriers and facilitators experienced by stakeholders responsible for policy enactment, the results of this study will inform decisions regarding if and how EMS bypass policies should spread to non-policy counties, and if indicated, creation of a “best practices” toolkit.
Sources and Streams of Electronic Waste

Within one or two decades, the mass of electronic devices discarded by consumers could exceed 100 million tons annually. Yet, far more pollution and waste arise “upstream” during the mining for and manufacturing of electronics. Avoiding and reducing pollution and waste must begin long before consumers have their devices in hand.
Depth separation for reduced deep networks in nonlinear model reduction: Distilling shock waves in nonlinear hyperbolic problems.

Classical reduced models are low-rank approximations using a fixed basis designed to achieve dimensionality reduction of large-scale systems. In this work, we introduce reduced deep networks, a generalization of classical reduced models formulated as deep neural networks. We prove depth separation results showing that reduced deep networks approximate solutions of parametrized hyperbolic partial differential equations with approximation error $\epsilon$ with $\mathcal{O}(|\log(\epsilon)|)$ degrees of freedom, even in the nonlinear setting where solutions exhibit shock waves. We also show that classical reduced models achieve exponentially worse approximation rates by establishing lower bounds on the relevant Kolmogorov $N$-widths.
Lattice Location of Impurities in Metals and Semiconductors

Many important physical properties of materials are controlled by the crystallographic location of impurities in solids. In addition, the interpretation of solid state experiments or the study of solids by theoretical calculations often requires a knowledge of the lattice location of impurities. Examples of experiments include spin resonance studies such as NMR and EPR, hyperfine methods such as Mossbauer effect and perturbed angular correlation, and internal friction measurements. Theoretical examples would include band theory calculations of electronic, optical and other properties due to the presence of impurities. While the interest in impurity location has been strong for many different types of systems, there have been few techniques available for direct location determination.
HOXA5 Expression Is Elevated in Breast Cancer and Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Estradiol

HOXA5 is a homeobox-containing gene associated with the development of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, and vertebrae. Here, we investigate potential roles and the gene regulatory mechanism in HOXA5 in breast cancer cells. Our studies demonstrate that HOXA5 expression is elevated in breast cancer tissues and in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. HOXA5 expression is critical for breast cancer cell viability. Biochemical studies show that estradiol (E2) regulates HOXA5 gene expression in cultured breast cancer cells in vitro. HOXA5 expression is also upregulated in vivo in the mammary tissues of ovariectomized female rats. E2-induced HOXA5 expression is coordinated by ERs. Knockdown of either ERα or ERβ downregulated E2-induced HOXA5 expression. Additionally, ER co-regulators, including CBP/p300 (histone acetylases) and MLL-histone methylases (MLL2, MLL3), histone acetylation-, and H3K4 trimethylation levels are enriched at the HOXA5 promoter in present E2. In summary, our studies demonstrate that HOXA5 is overexpressed in breast cancer and is transcriptionally regulated via estradiol in breast cancer cells.
Asian International Students’ Construals of Well-Being and Distress

The ways in which people conceptualize and experience psychological distress and well-being are culturally grounded. This study explored conceptualizations of loss, trauma, anxiety, and well-being ...
Abstract 412: Global Phosphopeptide Analyses Identifies a Profile that Distinguishes Advanced Heart Failure Patients Capable of Cardiac Recovery Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Unloading

The classical view of the human heart characterizes it as an organ with limited ability to recover and restore itself. Consequently, left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), which provide mechanical...
Predictors of a Normal Sleep Study in Healthy Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing Symptoms.

Objective:To determine the prevalence and characteristics of children with normal elective polysomnography for obstructive sleep disordered breathing (oSDB) based on the American Academy of Otolary...
Stimulation-mediated reverse engineering of silent neural networks

Reconstructing connectivity of neuronal networks from single cell activity is essential to understanding brain function, but the challenge of deciphering connections from populations of silent neurons has been largely unmet. We demonstrate a protocol for deriving connectivity of realistic silent neuronal networks using stimulation combined with a supervised learning algorithm, that enables inferring connection weights with high fidelity and predicting spike trains at the single-spike and single-cell level with high accuracy. These testable predictions about the number and protocol of the required stimulations is expected to enhance future efforts for deriving neuronal connectivity and drive new experiments to better understand brain function.
Towards Socially Just Literacy Teaching in Virtual Spaces

This study inquires into preservice teachers’ teaching experiences within a virtual tutoring field experience in a literacy methods course. Our work is situated against the greater institutional and social-political context of a competency-based model in education and the Covid-19 pandemic that led to a shift to online instruction. From a social justice lens, we approach the research questions: What are undergraduate preservice teachers’ literacy teaching experiences in a newly-transformed-to-online literacy methods course? In what ways does a virtual tutoring field experience prepare preservice teachers towards socially just literacy teaching? By engaging in Narrative Inquiry, we unraveled preservice teachers’ experiences in facilitating literacy lessons that combine print-based and multimodal instruction, while learning about the specific tensions and questions that they confronted during the process. We realized that preservice teachers’ virtual teaching experiences develop towards more socially just teaching along the areas of knowledge, interpretive frames, teaching strategies, methods, skills, and advocacy and activism. We further found that this approach is a complex process characterized by the personal, contextual, and relational aspects of teaching.
The in vitro motility activity of beta-cardiac myosin depends on the nature of the beta-myosin heavy chain gene mutation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Several mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain gene cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This study investigates (1) the in vitro velocities of translocation of fluorescently-labelled actin by β-myosin purified from soleus muscle of 30 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with seven distinct β-myosin heavy chain gene mutations: Thr124Ile, Tyr162Cys, Gly256Glu, Arg403Gln, Val606Met, Arg870His, and Leu908Val mutations; and (2) motility activity of β-myosin purified from cardiac and soleus muscle biopsies in the same patients. The velocity of translocation of actin by β-myosin purified from soleus or cardiac muscle of 22 normal controls was 0.48 ± 0.09 μm s−1. By comparison, the motility activity was reduced in all 30 patients with β-myosin heavy chain gene mutations (range, 0.112 ± 0.041 to 0.292 ± 0.066 μm s−1). Notably, the Tyr162Cys and Arg403Gln mutations demonstrated significantly lower actin sliding velocities: 0.123 ± 0.044, and 0.112 ± 0.041 μm s−1, respectively. β-myosin purified from soleus muscle from four patients with the Arg403Gln mutation had a similar actomyosin motility activity compared to β-myosin purified from their cardiac biopsies (0.127 ± 0.045 μm s−1 versus 0.119 ± 0.068 μm s−1, respectively). Since these seven mutations lie in several distinct functional domains, it is likely that the mechanisms of their inhibitions of motility are different
Institutional Outcomes of Student-Athlete Engagement in Athletics Department-Sponsored Community Service

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore how involvement in athletic department sponsored community service affected intercollegiate student-athletes' attachment, intent to donate money, and likelihood of speaking positively about the department. Using a purposeful sample, questionnaires were distributed to former student-athletes with a total of 80 usable questionnaires being returned. The instrument specifically measured the quality of the relationship between the former student-athlete and athletic department (i.e., perceived organizational support), level of engagement in community service initiatives, intent to donate, and word of mouth promotion. Analysis of variance established those former student-athletes who planned community service initiatives had a significantly higher level of perceived organizational support than those who just attended and those who did not participate in any manner. Furthermore, regression analysis established the higher former student-athlete's level of perceived...
Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy. Predictors of significant histologic findings.

BACKGROUND Women with unilateral breast carcinoma are at increased risk for developing contralateral breast carcinoma (CBC). The authors sought to identify predictors of malignant or moderate to high-risk histologic findings in contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) specimens, and to determine the efficacy of CPM. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective review of 239 patients with unilateral early-stage breast carcinoma who underwent CPM. The number of CBCs expected if the contralateral breast had been left intact was calculated based on CBC rates observed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and on life-table analysis by family history. RESULTS In the current study, 11 patients (4.6%) had occult contralateral malignancies (4 invasive carcinomas and 7 ductal carcinomas in situ) and 44 (18.4%) patients had moderate to high-risk pathology (8 lobular carcinoma in situ, 11 atypical lobular hyperplasia, 25 atypical ductal hyperplasia). At 1846 patient-years of follow-up, only 1 patient (0.4%) developed a new CBC compared with 11 expected cancers based on SEER data. One CBC was observed among 140 patients with a family history of breast carcinoma, compared with 16 expected cancers based on life-table analysis adjusted for adjuvant therapy. The determinants of significant findings at CPM were invasive lobular histology, estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity, additional ipsilateral moderate to high-risk pathology, and age > 40 years at cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS CPM was associated with a low risk of subsequent development of breast carcinoma. Evaluation of histologic findings in the ipsilateral breast may help to predict the likelihood of significant disease in the contralateral breast and assist in risk stratification. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Sustainable Agriculture: Role of Microorganisms

High-Intensity Agriculture and Society Soil—An Essential Link in the Cycle of Life Soil Health and Sustainable Management Microbes and Sustainable Agriculture Disturbance and Soil Microorganisms Strategies for Sustainable Management Keywords: sustainable agriculture
Upper gastrointestinal fiberoptic endoscopy in pediatric patients.

One hundred and forty-two pediatric patients between age 1 month and 20 years had 163 endoscopic procedures. Of 66 with chronic abdominal pain, 21 had a source identified endoscopically that was seen in only 15 by esophagogram and upper gastrointestinal series. Of 31 with nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and/or odynophagia and retrosternal pain, endoscopy demonstrated the source in 19 patients and radiographic studies in 14. Of 34 with hematemesis and/or melena, 26 had a bleeding site identified endoscopically, but only 4 of 28 had an identified source by radiographic studies. Duodenal and gastric ulcers and hemorrhagic gastritis were the commonest cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and organically of chronic abdominal pain. Functional abdominal pain was the commonest cause of chronic abdominal pain in those endoscoped. Foreign bodies were removed from the esophagus and stomach of 6 patients and dislodged in 2 others. Caustic ingestion was recognized in the esophagus and stomach of 2 patients who did not have mouth burns. The GIF-P2-prototype with four-way tip control and ability to retroflex 180° up, 60° down, and 100° right and left was superior to GIF-P1 and CF-P-prototype for visualization of the entire esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb, and postbulbar area in patients less than 10 years old. Visualization of the duodenal bulb was possible in 28 of 29 pediatric patients, and of the postbulbar area in 25 of 26 in whom it was attempted. Infants who weighed as little as 3 to 5 kg were successfully examined. Retroflexion was possible in 29 of 30 to see the fundus and cardioesophageal junction. Patients older than 10 years were better examined with the GIF-D because of its, increased ability to transmit light. Sedation for the school-age child with 0.5 to 1.0 mg per kg of diazepam and 1 to 2 mg per kg of meperidine given intravenously provides excellent sedation in most instances. General anesthesia is preferable for the preschooler and infant. Minor complications occurred in 2 patients who received less than adequate sedation and in 1 patient with general anesthesia.
Asymptotic structure and singularities in constrained directed graphs

We study the asymptotics of large directed graphs, constrained to have certain densities of edges and/or outward p-stars. Our models are close cousins of exponential random graph models, in which edges and certain other subgraph densities are controlled by parameters. We find that large graphs have either uniform or bipodal structure. When edge density (resp. p-star density) is fixed and p-star density (resp. edge density) is controlled by a parameter, we find phase transitions corresponding to a change from uniform to bipodal structure. When both edge and p-star density are fixed, we find only bipodal structures and no phase transition.
Eliminating visibility problems from low visibility operations

Weather and in particular visual limitations have plagued aviation ever since the Wright Brothers quit flying circles around Huffman Field and tried to go cross-country. Lindbergh famously said “aviation would never amount to much until we learned to free ourselves from the mists.” The paper describes technology that uses enhanced vision to overcome the normal visual limitations. Vision systems, called Enhanced Flight Vision Systems, provide a potential solution to a lack of visual references. The paper describes the global certification basis for Enhanced Flight Vision Systems and how those systems can be used to eliminate visibility problems from low visibility operations. It describes a history of enhanced vision sensors and their usefulness for aircraft operations. The paper details the regulatory history behind Enhanced Flight Vision Systems and the novel way in which the regulatory basis was used to certify these systems. Harmonization of EASA, FAA, RTCA and Eurocae standards will be discussed. The future of Enhanced Flight Vision Systems for use in business jet, cargo and airline operations will be described in detail.
PD98059 is an equipotent antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.

PD98059 [2-(2'-amino-3'-methoxyphenyl)-oxanaphthalen-4-one] is a flavonoid and a potent inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK). Concentrations of PD98059 of /=10 microM. In vivo exposure of cultures to 95%) of the dually phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (IC50 = 1 muM). Treatment of cultures with PD98059 of >/=1 muM either at the time of addition or up to 48 hr before the addition of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner the accumulation of induced steady state CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and NQO1 mRNAs. The addition of PD98059 to rat liver cytosol just before the addition of TCDD suppressed TCDD binding (IC50 = 4 muM) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) transformation (IC50 = 1 muM), as measured by sucrose gradient centrifugation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Flavone and flavanone, two closely related structural analogs of PD98059, inhibited AHR transformation by TCDD with IC50 values similar to that obtained with PD98059. However, neither analog was as potent as PD98059 in inhibiting MEK (IC50 approximately 190 muM for both). These results suggest that PD98059 is a ligand for the AHR and functions as an AHR antagonist at concentrations commonly used to inhibit MEK and signaling processes that entail MEK activation.
Removal of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by membrane-supported solvent extraction

Abstract p-Nitrophenol was extracted from aqueous solution into 1-octanol via membrane solvent extraction, using a hydrophobic, microporous-wall, polypropylene hollow fiber module. The system was operated with the aqueous phase flowing through the fiber lumens and the octanol flowing through the shell space. The overall mass transfer coefficient for the extraction was measured and analyzed in terms of individual resistance to mass transfer. The average value for the overall mass transfer coefficient was 6.5×10−4 cm/sec. The resistance to mass transfer of the tube side boundary layer and membrane were found to be controlling, while the shell side boundary layer resistance was negligible. The tube side boundary layer resistance measured in these experiments agreed well with a prediction based on the Sherwood number correlation for well developed laminar flow in tubes. The experimentally measured membrane permability to solute transport was substantially smaller than that predicted for solute diffusion through octanol occupying the membrane pores; flow maldistribution and channeling of solvent in the shell space is believed to be the most probable cause of this disparity. The results support the belief that membrane solvent extraction may be a technically and economically feasible means for selectively removing organic solutes from very dilute aqueous waste streams characteristic of many chemical plant effluents.
Without Techno-Talk, No Techno-Walk

Abstract Dietetic students must have a foundation of computer productivity skills to effectively function in the 21st century. The development of computer applications for every aspect of food and nutrition services is available and has improved dramatically the cost-effectiveness of food and nutrition services. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that computer technology and applications have been integrated into dietetics education. Surveys were sent to all Program Directors of dietetics education programs listed in the 1997-1998 Directory of Dietetics Programs. Of the 603 programs contacted, 381 responses were received. Completely unexpected were responses and comments from almost one quarter of the educators indicating a clear misunderstanding of computer technology. The majority of educators use word processing (96%) and internet software (81%) in their work, however these are not used as much in teaching, 69% and 61%, respectively. As many as 30% could not correctly describe their word processing software; responses ranged from names of operating systems to printers. Educators that wanted to learn more were no worse at specifying software than those that didn't want to learn more ( p =.369). Educators use desktop publishing (24%) and web page design (20%) software the least; only 13% using either in teaching. Of the 235 respondents that use spreadsheet programs, 26% could not identify a program or identified something other than a spreadsheet program, e.g., operating systems, relational database programs. As a result of this survey, the authors have proposed an agenda to advance the skills of dietetic educators to develop effective teaching materials and methods for the full integration of computer technology and computer applications in dietetics curricula.
Regenerator site selection in mixed line rate waveband optical networks

Optical networks that support mixed line rates can accommodate diverse connection requests without the need for traffic grooming by assigning the appropriate line rates to match the bandwidth requirements of requests. Higher line rates offer the advantage of a lower per-unit cost of transmission but may suffer from more impairments compared to lower line rates. These impairments result in shorter optical reach for high line rate signals, necessitating the use of electronic regenerators to restore the signal quality. We formulate the regenerator site selection problem as an integer linear program and propose heuristics to solve the design problem in the context of waveband optical networks. We propose four heuristics and study the effect of regenerator site selection on the number of optical switch ports in waveband networks and the electronic cost.
Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for bulimia: a case report.

Objective This case report describes the application of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) to the treatment of bulimia nervosa in a 20-session manualized therapy. Method The treatment, based on an affect regulation model of eating disorders, was developed to teach emotion regulation skills to replace eating-disordered behaviors. The patient, a 36-year-old woman, had a long history of binge eating and purging that had not responded to 2 years of counseling. In the 4 weeks before treatment began, she reported 13 objective binges and 21 purging episodes. Results and Discussion Upon initiating DBT, her binge eating and purging rapidly declined. She achieved abstinence by the fifth week of treatment and maintained it through treatment. In the 6 months following treatment, she reported a total of two objective binge episodes and two purge episodes. © 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disorder 30: 101–106, 2001.