cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analyses for Multistage Experiment Designs

Suppose that t experiments are conducted simultaneously on the same set of experimental units. For example, suppose that t mutually orthogonal latin square experiment designs are used for the t experiments on n2 experimental units. Statistical literature is voluminous on construction of such designs, but contains relatively little and incomplete results on statistical analyses for such designs. Six statistical analyses are presented for a pair of orthogonal latin square experiment designs. Then, the methods are generalized for t mutually orthogonal experiment designs. The results are also extended to a set of t mutually balanced Youden experiment designs.
Isolation and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant with improved staining for indo‐1

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) 10B2 cells do not stain well with indo-1 and thus cannot be used for experiments to measure intracellular calcium using this dye. We have isolated a mutant CHO cell line (CHO IS1) that stains quite well with indo-1 and that has virtually identical growth characteristics and heat sensitivity as the parent line. The mutant was isolated by sorting individual mutagenized cells with high indo-1 fluorescence and cloning them. Since it has been reported that cells with multiple drug resistance (MDR+) can pump out various fluorescent dyes, the mutant and parent lines were characterized for Hoechst 33342 staining, Adriamycin toxicity, and P-glycoprotein expression, which are markers of the MDR phenotype. P-Glycoprotein was measured with the C219 antibody using flow cytometry. Multidrug-resistant cells (CHRC5) were used as positive controls. The IS1 cells stained as well with Hoechst 33342 as fixed 10B2 cells, and much better than unfixed 10B2 cells. The IS1 cells were 10- to 30-fold more sensitive to Adriamycin that the 10B2 cells, and both cell lines were much more sensitive than the CHRC5 cells. The amount of P-glycoprotein was similar in both 10B2 and IS1 cell lines, but was about fivefold lower than the CHRC5 cells. Thus, the poor staining for indo-1 in the 10B2 cells may not be caused by the P-glycoprotein MDR pump, but by a different efflux pathway. Alternatively, the P-glycoprotein may be altered and less efficient in the CHO IS1 cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design and Implementation of Feedback Control for Counterflow Thrust Vectoring

Aircraft thrust vector control is currently implemented using movable control surfaces such as vanes and flaps. Counterflow thrust vectoring (CFTV) is a fluidic approach to thrust vectoring that has the potential to improve on the conventional approaches by reducing weight and increasing the reaction speed. Open-loop implementation of CFTV has been demonstrated in laboratory settings. However, ultimately this technology must be implemented using feedback control. The primary control objective is to achieve fast slew rates by compensating for the transportation delay and parameter uncertainties. The paper describes an experimental test bed for investigating feedback control of CFTV. System estimation results based on open-loop test data are presented. This paper then develops a PID control law, which is sometimes implemented with a Smith predictor to compensate for the transportation delay and/or an antiwindup scheme to compensate for actuator saturation. The control laws are experimentally demonstrated, and their performance is compared using different types of reference signals.
Initial cerebral HM-PAO distribution compared to LCBF: use of a model which considers cerebral HM-PAO trapping kinetics.

The cerebral uptake of [99mTc]–d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime complex (HM-PAO) was compared to LCBF determined simultaneously with [14C]iodoantipyrine (IAP) using double radionuclide quantitative digital autoradiography. Awake male rats were given intravenous injections of a mixture of 50 μCi IAP and 15 mCi of HM-PAO and killed 20 s after tracer activity had first reached the brain. Two separate autoradiograms were produced from each 20 μm brain section. The autoradiograms were digitized, corrected for cross-contamination, and then converted into images of individual tracer concentration. The diffusible tracer model was used to convert the IAP concentration images into LCBF images. Regional HM-PAO concentration was found not to be linearly related to LCBF as determined with the IAP, and therefore a simple microsphere type model was inadequate in relating HM-PAO uptake to LCBF. A better HM-PAO uptake–LCBF correlation was obtained when the HM-PAO arterial input function was corrected for very rapidly pr...
Major element constraints on melting, differentiation and mixing of magmas from the Galapagos 95.5° W propagating rift system

Projections in the pseudo-quaternary system diopside-plagioclase-olivine-quartz (di-pl-ol-Q) are used in this paper as a base on which to plot additional compositional, petrologic or tectonic variables. Used in this manner, the projections provide a sensitive means of displaying and evaluating the chemical variability of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) suites, such as that of the Galapagos 95.5° W propagating rift system, and allow mantle controls on the chemical variability of MORB to be distinguished from the predominant effects of shallow-level crystal fractionation and mixing. Primitive lavas (mg # > 63) from the 95.5° W region form a broadly linear array within the di-pl-ol-Q tetrahedron, parallel to the di-ol join. In terms of two recent high pressure studies of MORB petrogenesis (Stolper 1980; Takahashi and Kushiro 1983), the primitive liquids in this array are not primary, but have evolved by less than 10% olivine fractionation from an array of primary liquids which separated from residual mantle over a range of pressures between 10–20 kb. With appropriate assumptions as to residual lithology and mg # of residual olivine, the nature and origin of 95.5° W primary magmas can be deduced: (1) Lavas of the normal rift are derived from a broad range of primary magmas that separated from compositionally uniform (in terms of major elements) mantle over a pressure range of 10–20 kb. (2) Beneath the newly forming propagating rift, melting is initiated, perhaps by pressure release, at shallow depth (9–11 kb). Degree of melting and source composition appear similar to those for the normal rift. Within a few km of the propagating rift tip, this shallow source is joined by a second, deeper (11–12 kb), more iron-rich source. Both sources persist for at least 100 km along the propagating rift, but the deeper source appears to become dominant farther behind the tip. Maximum pressure for melt separation anywhere beneath the propagating rift is less than 15 kb. In addition to these source effects, the projections allow a more complete description of the shallow-level fractionation and mixing effects along the propagating rift. Primitive lavas of restricted composition erupted near the rift tip give way, within 2–3 km, to an increasingly diverse suite of lavas characterized by variable extents of fractionation and by numerous, single mixing events consistent with magmatic evolution in small, only occasionally interconnected magma bodies. Beyond 15 km, the diversity gradually declines toward a restricted population of cpx-saturated lavas which characterizes the propagating rift beyond 75 km, and is consistent with the presence of a large, well-mixed magma chamber in this region.
Incidence of abdominal wall metastasis complicating PEG tube placement in untreated head and neck cancer.

Background Abdominal wall metastasis after PEG tube placement has been reported in patients with head and neck cancer. The incidence of this occurrence is unknown. Objective Evaluation of the incidence of abdominal wall metastasis as a complication of PEG tube placement in patients with head and neck cancer. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Nutritional Support Services. Subjects Head and neck cancer patients requiring nutritional support with PEG tube placement. Results Of the 304 patients with head and neck cancer, 218 had active disease with a viable tumor in the oropharynx or hypopharynx at the time of PEG placement. Two of these patients, both with active disease (0.92%), developed a PEG site metastasis. Conclusion There is a small but definite risk for tumor implantation in the gastrostomy site when using the pull technique in patients with active head and neck cancer. Careful assessment of the oropharynx and hypopharynx before PEG tube placement and the use of alternative techniques for enteral access in patients with untreated or residual malignancy are recommended to minimize this risk. Use of other percutaneous techniques that do not involve traversing the hypopharynx with the catheter may help to prevent tumor translocation. When head and neck cancers metastasize to the gastrostomy site, patient survival appears limited even with extensive resection.
Measurement and prediction of natural and anthropogenic sediment sources, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands

Abstract A quantitative understanding of both natural and anthropogenic sediment sources is needed to accurately assess and predict the potentially adverse effects of land development on aquatic ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to quantify sediment production and delivery rates in a dry tropical environment on the island of St. John in the eastern Caribbean. One to three years of measurements were used to determine values and empirical functions for estimating sediment production from streambanks, treethrow, undisturbed hillslopes, zero-order sub-catchments, unpaved road surfaces, and road cutslopes. Sediment production also was measured from both undisturbed and roaded first-order sub-catchments. Among natural sources of sediment, streambanks had the highest mean erosion rate at 100 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 . The uprooting of trees along stream margins is estimated to generate approximately of 0.2 Mg of sediment per kilometer of stream per year, or about 0.1 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 for a stream corridor that consists of a 9-m wide channel and a 3-m wide buffer zone. Undisturbed 40 m 2 hillslope plots generated 0.01 to 0.27 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 . Mean sediment yields from undisturbed zero- and first-order catchments were only 0.01 and 0.08 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 , respectively. Unpaved roads that were graded at least every other year had sediment production rates ranging from 57 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 for a road with a 2% slope to 580 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 for a road with a 21% slope. Sediment production rates from ungraded roads were about 40% lower than those from recently graded roads, while production rates from steep abandoned roads were only 12 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 . Cutslope sediment production rates ranged from 20 to 170 Mg ha − 1 yr − 1 , but their contribution to sediment yields at the road segment scale was relatively small. Since unpaved roads increase hillslope-scale sediment production rates by several orders of magnitude, the first-order catchments with unpaved roads had sediment yields that were at least five times higher than undisturbed catchments. The relative importance of each sediment source varies from catchment to catchment as a result of the abundance and spatial distribution of landscape types. The values and predictive functions developed in this study have been incorporated into a GIS-based model to predict catchment-scale sediment yields. Application of this model to three basins in St. John suggest that unpaved roads are currently the dominant sediment source, and that they are responsible for increasing watershed-scale sediment yields by 3–9 times relative to undisturbed conditions. Both the data from the present study and the GIS model can help estimate sediment production and catchment-scale sediment yields in similar environments.
The effects of the spin-orbit and tensor interactions in nuclei

Abstract We devise a nucleon-nucleon interaction Vc + xVso + yVt to study the effects of the spin-orbit and tensor interactions by varying x and y. For negative parity 1p−1h states in 16O, we find that in a TDA calculation, the weighted sum of the eigenenergies ΣJ(2J + 1) ΣiEi(J, T) is zero for a pure two-body spin-orbit interaction or a pure tensor interaction. If a minor closed shell nucleus like 12C is taken as the core, the tensor interaction lowers the p 1 2 single-particle energy relative to p 3 2 . This is precisely opposite to what the two-body spin-orbit interaction does. For the 1+ states in 12C, a 1p−1h diagonalization leads to a near collapse with E ∗ (T = 0) ∼ 0.9 MeV and E ∗ (T = 1) ∼ 3.7 MeV as compared with experiment (12.7 MeV for T = 0 and 15.1 MeV for T = 1). Only a full scalar shell model calculation brings these states up to a respectable energy. We find that in a full shell model calculation, the excitation energies of these 1+ states are surprisingly insensitive to the spin-orbit interaction over a rather wide range of the parameter x and there does not appear to be any phase transition as we vary x. We reconsider the old problem of the effect of the spin-orbit and tensor interactions on the nearly vanishing Gamow-Teller matrix element 14C(J = 0, T = 1) → 14N(J = 1, T = 0). We calculate the single-particle energies with the same interaction that is used for the residual particle-particle or particle-hole matrix elements.
The ideological context of child welfare

This paper examines consequences for child development and well-being of the prevailing institutional order and ideology of the United States and concludes that child development in our country is severely obstructed because of socially structured violence which permeates our way of life. The paper ends with comments on prospects for social transformation which seems necessary to assure the development and well-being of every child.
The diagnostic utility of the ictal cry

Epileptic generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures are differentiated from nonepileptic spells primarily by history. The historical features that can aid in making a diagnosis, such as urinary incontinence and tongue biting, are few. One additional piece of information we propose may be of clinical value is the stereotypical "ictal cry." We reviewed audio from 20 consecutive GTC seizures and 20 consecutive psychogenic convulsive nonepileptic spells recorded in our epilepsy monitoring unit. The audio components of the recordings from each group were compared. The typical laryngeal sound was found to have both high sensitivity (85%) and specificity (100%) for epileptic GTC seizures. In none of the 20 psychogenic cases was the typical epileptic vocalization expressed; these cases were mostly associated with other utterances such as weeping, moaning, and coughing. The ictal cry is strongly associated with epileptic GTC seizures and, thus, warrants inquiry when obtaining the history from witnesses of a patient's seizure.
A common‐features analysis of Amsterdam and London financial markets during the eighteenth century

We examine the financial linkage between the London and Amsterdam financial markets using stock prices recorded in each market over the period 1723-94 in conjunction with tests for common trends, cycles, and regime shifts. These tests reveal a surprising degree of integration between the markets as their prices move together in both the short and long run. Moreover, shocks to the assets translate quickly and accurately between markets. It also appears that Dutch investment did not destabilize London markets and stock prices in London were the primary determinant of prices in Amsterdam.
Characteristics of sulfur removal by silver-titania adsorbents at ambient conditions

Sulfur capacity of SiO2, TiO2 and γ-Al2O3 structures was investigated. Thermal treatment of TiO2 and γ-Al2O3 in air increased their respective sulfur capacity by 67 and 43%. Sulfur capacity was associated with surface acidity and the improvement attributed to the formation of bronsted acid sites. Addition of 4wt% transition metals further enhanced the sulfur capacity of TiO2 with Ag indicating the highest increase. Comparison of sulfur capacity of Ag/TiO2 with other adsorbents was made using JP5 fuel with sulfur concentration of 1172 ppmw. Ag/TiO2 adsorbent demonstrated a saturation sulfur capacity of 8.20 mg/g. A significant loss in sulfur capacity was observed between real and model fuel compositions. Various factors resulting in this loss was investigated such as the effect of additives, competitive adsorption and the structure of sulfur heterocycles.
ARTFUL REWRITINGS AND INTERPRETIVE REPRESSIONS IN NEW FEMINIST ART HISTORIES

Women, Art and Society by Whitney Chadwick, New York and London: Thames and Hudson, 1990, 384 pp., 193 b. & w. illus., 40 col. plates, £8.95 Feminine Sentences: Essays on Women and Culture by Janet Wolff, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990, 146 pp., 9 b. & w. illus., hardback $35, paperback $12.95
SELF-MONITORING AND INNOVATIVENESS

This study tested the hypothesis that high self-monitoring individuals would score higher on a measure of innovativeness than low self-monitoring individuals. A two-way analysis of covariance with social desirability as the covariate confirmed the hypothesis for both male and female college students (n = 187).
Liver pathology following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: Hepatic toxicity with FUDR

The authors reviewed the liver histopathology and the clinical features of eight patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer who were treated by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) via an implantable pump (Infusaid). Before HAIC, these patients had no evidence of hepatitis, and results of liver biopsies performed on three patients showed only minor morphologic alterations. All the liver tumors responded to HAIC, but all patients developed hepatitis. Clinical findings included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and jaundice. Serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels were increased. Clinical observations suggested that 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR), the predominant drug given, was the hepatotoxic agent. Toxic effects were hepatocyte necrosis, steatosis, cholestasis, central vein sclerosis, and alterations in the portal triad. In addition, central vein lesions like those in veno-occlusive disease, and micronodular cirrhosis resembling that induced by alcohol, were encountered. Although individual susceptibility to FUDR appeared to vary, portal triad fibrosis was present in all eight cases and, together with central vein sclerosis and cirrhosis, appeared to be related to the dose and duration of HAIC.
The Therapeutic Relationship in Child Therapy: Perspectives of Children and Mothers

Examined qualities of the therapeutic relationship as perceived by low-income children who were in treatment for serious emotional disorders and their mothers. Recent emphasis on engaging families in the treatment of their children highlights the importance of understanding processes that facilitate therapeutic partnerships. Therapeutic bonds (i.e., the closeness of the relationship to therapist) for both children and their mothers were assessed. One-hundred fifty-seven families participated. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that children's perceptions of closeness with their therapists were associated with their perceptions of closeness with their mothers, their own age, and welfare status of the family. Maternal therapy bond scores were associated with mental health services efficacy and breadth of social support.
Impact of enhanced feature interactions

Although the telcos have introduced a host of new services, more service offerings are needed, some of which may require additional functionality with the same signals. The author discusses potential problems associated with the implementation of five new services: universal number; call forwarding ID; remote control of call waiting; smart card; and voice mail. >
Effects of freeze or hot-iron branding of Angus calves on some physiological and behavioral indicators of stress

Twenty-four Angus calves averaging 293 ± 38 kg were either hot-iron branded (H), freeze branded (F), or served as a sham (S). Calves were blocked for temperament, weight, and sex, and randomly assigned to day and order in which treatments were applied. To reduce stress from handling at treatment time, each calf was herded through the squeeze chute for 5 days prior to the experiment. Jugular cannulae were established in each calf 1 day prior to application of treatment. Blood samples and heart rate were obtained at −5 and −3 min prior to and 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min after calves were branded on the hip. Mean plasma cortisol concentration increased for all treatments during the sampling times (P = 0.0001). Mean plasma epinephrine concentration was greater (P < 0.01) for H calves at 0.5 min after branding than either S or F calves. Hot-iron branded calves had greater (P < 0.02) mean heart rate during branding and 30 s post-branding than did either S or F calves. The escape-avoidance reaction of H calves, quantified as the amount of vertical movement the calf exhibited during branding, was also greater (P < 0.05) than either the F or S calves. Five H calves, four F calves, and no S calves vocalized during treatment. The greater escape-avoidance reaction as well as the elevated heart rate and plasma epinephrine concentration of the H calves indicate that a greater pain sensation is perceived by hot-iron branded Angus cattle.
Horner's syndrome following common carotid artery catheterization in cats.

Horner's syndrome is characterized by ptosis of the upper eyelid, miosis and enophthalmos and is caused by sympathetic denervation. It has been described in man and animals as a result of trauma, neoplasia, and degeneration of portions of the sympathetic pathway to the eye. Horner's syndrome was observed following aortography by carotid catheterization in seven of sixteen cats. Changes persisted for 24 hr to 6 weeks. The aetiology appeared to be trauma to sympathetic fibres during dissection of the area for catheterization. Resume. Le syndrome de Horner est caracterise par la ptose de la paupiere superieure, par l'iose et par l'enervation sympathique. On l'a decrit dans l'homme et dans les animaux par suite du trauma, de la neoplase et de la degenerescence de parties du sentier sympathique a l'oeil. Le syndrome de Horner etait observe a la suite d'aortographie par le sondage carotidien dans sept des seize chats. Les changements continuaient pendant vingtquatre heures a six semaines. L'aetiologie apparaissait d'etre le trauma a fibres sympathiques pendant le decoupage de l'aire pour le sondage. Zusammenfassung. Das Syndrom von Horner wird durch die Ptose des oberen Augenlids, durch die lose und durch die Enophthalme gekennzeichnet und die Ursache ist sympathische Nervenentfernung. Man hat es in Mensch und in Tieren beschrieban, wie eine Folge von der Verletzung, von der Neoplasie und von der Kolloidentartung von Anteilen des sympathischen Laufstegs zum Augen. Das Syndrom von Horner wird nach der Aortographie von Carotissondierung in sieben der sechszehn Katzen beobachtet. Die Veranderungen beharrten wahrend vierundzwanzig Stunden bis sechs Wochen. Die Aetiologie erschien, die Verletzung zu den sympathischen Fasen wahrend der Zerlegung des Areas fur Sondierung, zu sein.
Dependence of adsorption properties on surface structure for body-centered-cubic substrates

Dependence on surface structure for adsorption energy by single atom on body centered cubic substrate
Public Law 94-142: You Can Get There from Here!.

This article discusses the newly enacted P.L. 99–457 in the historical context of the implementation of P.L. 94–142. Provisions of the new law are summarized, and a variety of issues that the field needs to address are discussed.
Site-Specific Quantitative Pipeline Risk Analysis Using Monte Carlo Methods

This paper compares a site specific quantitative risk analysis for a gas transmission pipeline using traditional “average” risk ranking methods to a more complex Monte Carlo analysis using a range of possibilities and consequences for the various areas of the site—each with their own probability. The comparison is based on the California “Guidance Protocol for School Site Pipeline Risk Analysis”, a quantitative risk analysis protocol which uses average probability and consequence values, and extends it to explain how a more complex Monte Carlo analysis of those same risk factors can give a more comprehensive understanding of anticipated risks and consequences.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Response distribution for the continuous-time N-element pattern model

Abstract Stimulus sampling theory is extended to cover the case of a continuum of responses in which the response is given continuously in time. The case of noncontingent Poisson-type reinforcement is studied in detail, and some attention is given to contingent schedules. Two axiom systems suggested by Suppes and Donio are examined together with a third possible axiomitization. Throughout the paper, nonuniform sampling probabilities for the stimuli are considered.
Ipsilateral free fibula transfer for reconstruction of a segmental femoral-shaft defect

We describe an ipsilateral free fibula transfer for segmental femur reconstruction with venous interpositional grafts. Preparation and use of vessels at the recipient site for microvascular anastomosis is avoided. This represents a valuable modification of previously reported techniques, and should be considered as an alternative to conventional techniques, which regularly require more dissection at the reconstructive site.
Bewitchment, Biology, or Both: The Co‐Existence of Natural and Supernatural Explanatory Frameworks Across Development

Three studies examined the co-existence of natural and supernatural explanations for illness and disease transmission, from a developmental perspective. The participants (5-, 7-, 11-, and 15-yearolds and adults; N = 366) were drawn from 2 Sesotho-speaking South African communities, where Western biomedical and traditional healing frameworks were both available. Results indicated that, although biological explanations for illness were endorsed at high levels, witchcraft was also often endorsed. More important, bewitchment explanations were neither the result of ignorance nor replaced by biological explanations. Instead, both natural and supernatural explanations were used to explain the same phenomena, and bewitchment explanations were highest among adults. Taken together, these data provide insight into how diverse, culturally constructed belief systems about illness co-exist across development.
Skeletal muscle ventricle aortic counterpulsation: function during chronic heart failure.

Abstract Background . Skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs) are pumping chambers formed from latissimus dorsi muscle. The SMV aortic counterpulsator model has been proven to be stable in the long term and provide effective diastolic pressure augmentation in normal dogs. This study seeks to prove that the aortic counterpulsator model can function effectively in chronic heart failure. Methods . In 6 dogs, pericardium-lined SMVs were created from latissimus dorsi muscle and electrically conditioned for fatigue resistance. Each SMV was attached to the descending thoracic aorta with a two-limb bifurcated graft and the aorta ligated between the limbs. The SMV was stimulated to contract during cardiac diastole at 1:2 to 1:3 ratio. Rapid ventricular pacing was initiated at 220 to 230 beats/min for 7 weeks to induce chronic heart failure. Results . SMV contraction resulted in augmentation of the diastolic pressure time-index by 12.1% (32.8 ± 15.4 versus 36.1 ± 14.7 mm Hg-s, p p p p p Conclusions . The SMV aortic counterpulsator provides improved cardiac assistance relative to the failing heart.
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in transplant recipients: review of the literature and demonstration of in vitro synergy between antifungal agents.

Infection of subcutaneous tissue by black fungi (subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis) has only been reported in six transplant patients, all of whom were solid organ recipients. These patients presented with indolent, localized infections at least 1 year after transplant, while on maintenance immunosuppressive regimens. They were cured by surgical resection, either alone or in conjunction with antifungal agents. We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis occurring in a bone marrow transplant recipient receiving high doses of immunosuppressive agents, in whom widespread subcutaneous infection due to Exophiala jeanselmei was not eradicated by repeated resections and therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. The infection was eventually cured after addition of itraconazole to the therapeutic regimen. Results of in vitro testing of the isolate for susceptibility to a combination of amphotericin B, flucytosine and itraconazole confirmed the potential role of combination antifungal therapy in the setting ...
Correlations of Structure and Dynamics in an Aging Colloidal Glass

We study concentrated colloidal suspensions, a model system which has a glass transition. Samples in the glassy state show aging, in that the motion of the colloidal particles slows as the sample ages from an initial state. We study the relationship between the static structure and the slowing dynamics, using confocal microscopy to follow the three-dimensional motion of the particles. The structure is quantified by considering tetrahedra formed by quadruplets of neighboring particles. We find that while the sample clearly slows down during aging, the static properties as measured by tetrahedral quantities do not vary. However, a weak correlation between tetrahedron shape and mobility is observed, suggesting that the structure facilitates the motion responsible for the sample aging.
The Axiom of Infinity and Transformations j: V → V

We suggest a new approach for addressing the problem of establishing an axiomatic foundation for large cardinals. An axiom asserting the existence of a large cardinal can naturally be viewed as a strong Axiom of Infinity. However, it has not been clear on the basis of our knowledge of ω itself, or of generally agreed upon intuitions about the true nature of the mathematical universe, what the right strengthening of the Axiom of Infinity is—which large cardinals ought to be derivable? It was shown in the 1960s by Lawvere that the existence of an infinite set is equivalent to the existence of a certain kind of structure-preserving transformation from V to itself, not isomorphic to the identity. We use Lawvere's transformation, rather than ω, as a starting point for a reasonably natural sequence of strengthenings and refinements, leading to a proposed strong Axiom of Infinity. A first refinement was discussed in later work by Trnkova–Blass, showing that if the preservation properties of Lawvere's tranformation are strengthened to the point of requiring it to be an exact functor, such a transformation is provably equivalent to the existence of a measurable cardinal. We propose to push the preservation properties as far as possible, short of inconsistency. The resulting transformation V → V is strong enough to account for virtually all large cardinals, but is at the same time a natural generalization of an assertion about transformations V → V known to be equivalent to the Axiom of Infinity.
Sedation for colonoscopy using a single bolus is safe, effective, and efficient: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial.

Sedation for colonoscopy using a single bolus is safe, effective, and efficient: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial
Pneumococcal Adaptive Responses to Changing Host Environments

Despite being an exclusive human pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is highly adaptable to the various host niches it encounters. It is foremost an exceptional colonizer of the human nasopharynx, where it has developed an array of strategies to adjust to both host factors and other microbial flora that reside there. Upon changes in this environment, often associated with virus infection, pneumococci may leave this environment and enter otherwise sterile sites such as the sinuses, middle ears, and lungs, from where they can disseminate further to reach the bloodstream and the meninges to cause septicemia and meningitis, respectively. The mechanisms and molecules involved in the transition and dissemination to different host environments and the adaptation required to persist in these very different host niches is not entirely clear. In a study in this issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases [1], a group from the Karolinska Institute, led by Dr Henriques-Normark, elegantly presents us with a novel mechanism explaining how pneumococci adapt to improve their survival during invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The authors observed that when serotype 1 strains of 2 clonal complexes were used to infect animals, large colony variants were observed from blood cultures. Similar large colony variants could be cultured from blood of patients with IPD with pneumococcal serotype 1 strains. After sequencing the strains obtained, all large colony variants contained diverse mutations in the spxB gene, encoding pyruvate oxidase that converts pyruvate to acetyl-phosphate while using oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide. The authors further showed that the large colony variants lacking SpxB activity were more virulent when injected intraperitoneally into mice than wild-type organisms, and that this was related to a decreased early clearance of the bacteria from the bloodstream. In contrast, the lack of SpxB made these strains less able to cause nasopharyngeal colonization. The role of SpxB deficiency was not as clear-cut when the authors used
Academic aspirations: An analysis of the influence of doctoral advisors and Maryland's Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) on Graduate students' attitudes regarding careers in academia

The student/ advisor relationship is a primary source of the first hand knowledge doctoral students acquire about academic careers. Of particular interest is the role of advisors in the decision making process of underrepresented minority students. A study to analyze the advisor's influence is being conducted on students from Maryland's Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate (AGEP) which is comprised of three schools: University of Maryland-College Park, University of Maryland-Baltimore County and the University of Maryland-Baltimore. A 31-item Likert response survey was developed to assess student attitudes towards doctoral advisors, AGEP mentors and careers in academia. The survey was administered at two AGEP events and resulted in 102 respondents, 44 of which were from STEM majors. The survey results indicate significant Spearman's rho correlations between positive attitudes towards academic careers and plans to pursue an academic career. The results showed few significant correlations between doctoral advisors or AGEP mentors and positive attitudes towards academia. This paper discusses the survey construction, results and plans for future work.
An experimental study on the concrete hydration process using Fabry–Perot fiber optic temperature sensors

Abstract This paper describes the contribution of Fabry–Perot (FP) fiber optic temperature sensor to investigate the effects of concrete hydration process. The FP temperature sensor was easily fabricated by controllable chemical etching and adjustable fusion splicing. Detailed optical properties of the sensor were theoretically analyzed and temperature calibration experiments were performed. A sensor with a 90 μm cavity length was demonstrated to have a temperature sensitivity of 0.01 nm/°C and the linearity coefficient of 0.99. Furthermore, the FP sensor was embedded in the concrete structure for sensing the temperature change during the early age of hydration. During the concrete hydration experiments, the measured peak temperatures of the concrete specimens with different water-to-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 were 51.42 °C, 52.88 °C, and 55.08 °C, respectively, corresponding to final setting times of 13.52 h (w/c = 0.4), 14.16 h (w/c = 0.5) and 15.2 h (w/c = 0.6) after concrete casting. Temperature profiles will be used for concrete hydration heat study, which will help us to have a better understanding of cement hydration behavior.
Incidence of metastasis to the ovaries from nongenital tract primary tumors.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of metastatic tumors to the ovaries in nongenital tract primaries and to determine the route of dissemination. Methods. An IRB-approved study retrospectively reviewed patient records from January 1992 to January 2003. A tumor registry and pathology database search identified women with metastatic disease to the ovaries that had undergone surgery for the presence of an adnexal mass. The charts were reviewed for age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, size of ovarian metastasis, laterality of metastasis, and primary tumor site. Pathology reports and specimen slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the tumors for various pathological features. Results. A total of 59 cases of metastasis to the ovary were identified. The median age of the study group was 55 years old (range: 27–78). Primary colon cancer was identified in 19 (32.2%) cases; appendix 12 (20.3%); breast 5 (8.4%); small bowel and gastric each contributed 4 (6.8%) cases. Pancreatic cancer added 3 (5.1%), while gallbladder and urinary bladder each contributed 1 (1.7%) case. Tumors of unknown primary contributed 10 (18.5%) of the cases. Stromal invasion was seen in 56 (95%) of the cases and surface involvement in 9 (15%) cases. Bilateral metastasis was found in 39 (66.1%) patients and unilateral metastasis in 20 (33.9%) patients. Conclusion. Metastatic lesions to the ovary are more commonly seen from primary colon cancer, appendiceal, and breast carcinomas. The mechanism of metastasis is through hematogenous pathways as opposed to a transserosal route.
Survival of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken manure at different levels of water activity.

Survival of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium in chicken manure at different levels of water activity (aw) was determined. The aw was adjusted by means of saturated salts with defined equilibrium relative humidity and the manure samples were stored aerobically at 20°C. At aw levels higher than 0.93, a moderate increase in colony-forming units over 8–9 h was found for both strains; at aw levels of 0.89–0.75, there was a thousand-fold reduction. Extended storage resulted in a million-fold reduction of Salmonella enteritidis in 8 days at an aw of 0.89. At higher and lower levels of aw, the reduction was less extensive.
Demographic response of a shrubland bird to habitat creation, succession, and disturbance in a dynamic landscape

Shrubland birds have experienced widespread declines in the eastern United States. Habitat for shrubland birds is typically dynamic, in which available habitat changes temporally and spatially in response to disturbance and succession. Despite widespread concerns among conservationists about shrubland birds, much is still poorly understood regarding fundamental demographic processes associated with the persistence of species in dynamic landscapes, such as the age of colonists, their success upon establishment, the fate of birds displaced by disturbance, and the effect of displaced birds on neighboring territories. To address these knowledge gaps, we studied prairie warblers (Setophaga discolor) between 2008 and 2012 in a pitch pine-scrub oak (Pinus rigida–Quercus ilicifolia) barren consisting of newly created, maturing, and disturbed habitat patches. We found that newly created habitat patches were colonized primarily by younger, second-year males, whereas slightly older shrubland habitat was occupied by site-faithful older birds. Second-year males arrived later on the breeding grounds and had slightly lower pairing success compared to older males; however, they had similar reproductive output as older males. Based on mark-resight analyses, we calculated that 72% of adult males and 14% of banded nestlings returned to the study site in a following year. When territories were subject to high-intensity mowing, fire, or selective herbicide during the non-breeding season, only 14% of the males that returned to the study site stayed on their territories the following year. These returning males that acquired a territory within the study area had similar reproductive success to other birds in the study area and did not negatively affect the pairing or reproductive success of birds occupying adjacent areas. Disturbed territories made up a relatively small portion of the suitable habitat in the study area and disturbance affected a low number of territorial males in any given year. Overall, we found that the short-term effects of shrubland management and habitat disturbance on birds are minimal and subsequently allow young birds to colonize and breed. Moreover, the long-term effects of management are beneficial by maintaining ephemeral shrubland habitat for immigrating and site-faithful birds.
Existence of Optimal Simple Policies for Discounted-Cost Inventory and Cash Management in Continuous Time

We formulate a continuous-time, infinite-horizon, discounted-cost cash management model with both fixed and proportional transactions costs and with linear holding and penalty costs. We model the cumulative demand for cash by a Wiener process with drift and use the optimal control technique of "impulse control" to find sufficient conditions under which an optimal policy exists. We show that these conditions are always met. Therefore, we prove that there always exists an optimal policy for the cash management problem and that this policy is of a simple form. When the proportional transactions cost of decreasing the cash balance is sufficiently high, it is never optimal to decrease the cash balance. Then the cash management model degenerates to the inventory model. We prove that there always exists an optimal policy for the inventory model and that this policy is of a simple form. Under special cases of the cash management model we obtain analytic expressions for the parameters of the optimal policy.
Criteria for Pareto-Optimality in Cooperative Differential Games.

Cooperative differential games having convex control sets are investigated. Two criteria are given for the utility of analyzing Pareto-optimal solutions of such games. The criteria are shown to determine whether a Pareto-optimal control policy belongs to the boundary of the control set or to the interior. A condition which is necessary for Pareto-optimality in such games is employed to obtain the results. An example is given to demonstrate that the results do not necessarily apply to games having nonconvex control sets.
Prednisolone-induced mucormycosis in rhesus monkeys

There was an extensive spread of Rhizopus in the bodies of 2 rhesus monkeys injected intravenously with 5–9 × 106Rhizopus spores after 16–23 daily 50 mg intramuscular doses of prednisolone. The fungal spores were given after 10–14 days of the drug; and the drug was continued until the death or killing of the monkey. This spread was almost completely absent in 2 control monkeys not given prednisolone. The normal rhesus monkey, like the normal human being, has a great resistance to Rhizopus infection.The lesions of the experimental mucormycosis in prednisolone-treated monkeys were fulminating in the kidneys and gastric mucosa, and minimal and focal in the other viscera.In prednisolone-treated monkeys there was a vigorous polymorphonuclear neutrophilic response and a minimal macrophagic response to the presence of the hyphae in the tissues.The mechanism of induced spread and proliferation of the Rhizopus in prednisolone-treated monkeys may be related to the inhibition of the inflammatory reaction and the red...
Minimum Life in Fatigue

(1954). Minimum Life in Fatigue. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 49, No. 267, pp. 575-597.
Population Subdivision of Zarhipis integripennis (Coleoptera: Phengodidae), in Southern California

The current study investigates phylogeographic structure of Zarhipis integripennis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Phengodidae), a sexually dimorphic beetle with strongly asymmetrical dispersal abilities, to elucidate the spatial and temporal mechanisms of gene flow among populations in southern California. Using DNA sequences of a mitochondrial DNA marker and a nuclear intron in the krotzkopf verkehrt gene we compared the effect of differential dispersal on patterns of genetic structure among Z. integripennis populations across this area. Integrating these data with an ecological niche modeling analysis supported the hypothesis that dispersal between populations with fragmented niche availability was biased toward males and that female movement was limited and based on the availability of contiguous habitat. There was also evidence for historical restrictions to gene flow in the Sierra Pelona region of the Transverse Ranges based on a genetic break in both genes in this region.
A not-so-thrilling thriller: Adapting Boris Akunin's The State Counsellor

ABSTRACTFilipp Iankovskii's 2005 film adaptation of Boris Akunin's best-selling detective novel Statskii sovetnik/The State Counsellor (1999) supports a major tenet of current adaptation studies, which holds that the process of transferring a novel to the screen frequently, perhaps inevitably, entails a shift in emphasis and a reconfiguration of elements. I argue that many of Iankovskii's cinematic choices spring from his embrace of values at significant odds with Akunin's as articulated in the novel. An analysis of the plot changes, shifts in the novel's ideological focus, revised treatment of characters, as well as the actors' performances, reveals the debt of Iankovskii's adaptation to the political ideologies of the film's producer, Nikita Mikhalkov, and Russian President Vladimir Putin. Ultimately, the film sanctions policies that envision an authoritarian state with the power to maintain internal order, silence its enemies and ruthlessly protect Russian interests — ideological beliefs hardly shared ...
Creating a standardized process to offer the standard of care: continuous process improvement methodology is associated with increased rates of sperm cryopreservation among adolescent and young adult males with cancer.

Background:There is limited literature on strategies to overcome the barriers to sperm banking among adolescent and young adult (AYA) males with cancer. By standardizing our process for offering sperm banking to AYA males before cancer treatment, we aimed to improve rates of sperm banking at our ins
NIGHTMARE CONTENT AND THE EMOTIONS PROFILE INDEX

Kellerman and Plutchik (1983) defined eight basic nightmare themes, each corresponding to one of the emotionsltrait elements in Plutchik's theory of emotions. To test whether those scoring high on an emotionltrait element as measured by the Emotions Profile Index (Plutchik & Kellerman, 1974), a questionnaire containing the Emotions Profile Index to measure the eight trait elements (namely, gregarious, depressed, control, dyscontrol, aggressive, timid, trustful, and distrustful) and questions to measure the presence of corresponding nightmare themes2 was administered to 32 men and 41 women enrolled in undergraduate courses (M,, = 22.4 yr., SD = 5.1). Of the eight Pearson correlations between each trait element and the corresponding nightmare theme, none were both positive and statistically significant. The traits (shown with mean score, SD, and Pearson r with the nightmare theme) are: trustful (18.4, 4.3, -0.34), dyscontrolled (11.6, 4.1, 0.02), timid (14.4, 6.0, 0.18), depressed (5.0, 3.7, 0.20), distrustful (10.8, 4.9, 0.03), controlled (18.8, 4.4, 0.05), aggressive (9.1, 6.4, -0.07), and gregarious (14.7, 4.0, -0.21). Over-aU, five were positive and three negative. The results were similar for men and women separately. This analysis then provides no support for Plutchik and Kellerman's hypothesis that trait elements would be related to nightmare content.