cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mandated preterm delivery: its prevalence and impact at a tertiary care center

Objective: To determine the prevalence and impact of mandated preterm deliveries at a tertiary care center. Methods: A review of all livebirths at less than 37 weeks of gestation was conducted between January 1998 and August 1999 at our institution. Mandated delivery was defined as intentional intervention because of a deteriorating maternal or fetal condition. Maternal demographics, reasons for intervention, and intrapartum courses were compared with two other preterm groups (spontaneous ruptured membranes, spontaneous labor) delivering during the same period. Results: A total of 667 (11.2%) pregnancies delivered preterm, with 102 of these cases (15.3%) being mandated. Primary reasons for mandated delivery were worsening of preeclampsia (69%), vaginal bleeding (13%), severe growth restriction or major malformation (7%), and other maternal medical illness (11%). Delivery at less than 34 weeks of gestation, with a greater need for intensive care nursery admission, was more common in the mandated group (68.6%) than in the ruptured membranes (41.2%; P <0.005), or in the spontaneous labor group (46.5%; P <0.01). Overall cesarean delivery rates were higher in the mandated group (69.6%) than in the ruptured membranes group (18.4%; P <0.001) and in the spontaneous labor group (21.5%; P <0.001). The presence of an unfavorable cervix and the need to expedite delivery explained the high rate of surgery. Conclusion: Conditions mandating delivery account for 15% of all preterm births and are associated with a greater need for cesarean delivery and delivery before 34 weeks of gestation.
Reply to "Comment on 'Properties of intermediate width structure in 12C(12C,12C)12C (02+)' "

We point out some of the ambiguities inherent in the phase-shift analysis of our inelastic scattering data.
Desire in evidence

This textual performance of research charts the writer's attempt to prove that Mary Martin was a lesbian. The writer uses her own “quest” to raise questions about gay and lesbian historiography, the status of evidence, and the usefulness of desire to biographical, critical work on performers.
Erratum to Studies of a viral suppressor of RNA silencing p19-CFP fusion protein: A FRET-based probe for sensing double-stranded fluorophore tagged small RNAs [Biophysical Chemistry 143 (2009) 166-169]

It has been brought to the author's attention that the above paper containsmissing text in the Abstract and they would like to correct this. The text was inadvertently deleted during the typesetting and editing of the proofs. On page 166, the Abstract should read as follows: Eukaryotes have evolved complex cellular responses to double-stranded RNA. One response that is highly conserved across many species is the RNA silencing pathway. Tombusviruses have evolved a mechanism to evade the RNA silencing pathway that involves a small protein, p19, that acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing. This protein binds specifically to small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with nanomolar affinity in a sequence-independent manner and with size selectivity. Here we demonstrate a new approach for rapidly determining the quantities of siRNA using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the Carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) p19-CFP fusion protein and Cy3-labeled siRNA. The CIRV p19 fusion protein binds double-stranded siRNAs with nanomolar affinity as determined by FRET.
Parallel adaptive simulations on unstructured meshes

This paper discusses methods being developed by the ITAPS center to support the execution of parallel adaptive simulations on unstructured meshes. The paper first outlines the ITAPS approach to the development of interoperable mesh, geometry and field services to support the needs of SciDAC application in these areas. The paper then demonstrates the ability of unstructured adaptive meshing methods built on such interoperable services to effectively solve important physics problems. Attention is then focused on ITAPs' developing ability to solve adaptive unstructured mesh problems on massively parallel computers.
Changing Provider Practices to Enhance Preconceptional Wellness

Primary care providers who fail to provide preconceptional care to every woman of reproductive age during each primary care visit are losing key preventive opportunities. Changing provider practices involves multidisciplinary input into the planning of care, support of clinical leaders and professional organizations, and adequacy of funding for proposed changes. Programs in California, North Carolina, and South Carolina have demonstrated significant changes in provider acceptance of preconceptional care.
Sodium tracer diffusion and 11B NMR study of glasses of the type (Na2O)0.17(B2O3)x(SiO2)0.83−x

Abstract Sodium tracer diffusion coefficients, D Na ⁎ , have been measured for sodium borosilicate glasses of the type (Na 2 O) 0.17 (B 2 O 3 ) x (SiO 2 ) 0.83−x as a function of temperature and the composition parameter x. At constant temperature, the tracer diffusion coefficient of sodium decreases as x increases. The activation enthalpy derived from sodium tracer diffusion data for temperatures up to about 308 °C increases with increasing values of x from about 60 to 85 kJ/mol. The pre-exponential factor of the sodium tracer diffusion coefficient as a function of x varies by about one order of magnitude. Results of 11 B NMR measurements performed to study variations of the structure of the investigated glasses with their composition indicate that the fraction of boron present in BO 4 tetrahedra decreases with increasing values of x and also that the Si/B-ratio next to BO 4 tetrahedra is always significantly larger than the overall Si/B-ratio in the glass.
Assessing the Accuracy of a Linearized Observation Operator for Assimilation of Radio Occultation Data: Case Simulations with a High-Resolution Weather Model

Abstract Assimilation into numerical weather models of the refractivity, Abel-retrieved from radio occultations, as the local refractivity at ray tangent point may result in large errors in the presence of strong horizontal gradients (atmospheric fronts, strong convection). To reduce these errors, other authors suggested modeling the Abel-retrieved refractivity as a nonlocal linear function of the 3D refractivity, which can be used as a linear observation operator for assimiliation. The authors of this study introduce their approach for the nonlocal linear observation operator, which consists of modeling the excess phase path, calculated along certain trajectories below the top of an atmospheric model. In this study (not aimed at development of an observation operator for any specific atmospheric model), both approaches are validated by assessing the accuracy of both linearized observation operators by numerical simulations with the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and comparin...
Transient dielectric study of bistable reflective cholesteric displays and design of rapid drive scheme

Transient dielectric measurement is used to study the transitions among the planar, focal conic, and homeotropic states of cholesteric liquid crystals. If the initial state is the field‐induced homeotropic state, at low bias fields, the liquid crystal transforms to the planar state in a sequence of homeotropic‐transient planar–planar; at high bias fields, the liquid crystal transforms to the focal conic state. The homeotropic‐transient planar transition is on the order of 1 ms while the homeotropic‐focal conic transition is on the order of 100 ms. Large hysteresis is observed in the transitions between the homeotropic and the focal conic state. Based on the rapid homeotropic‐transient planar transition and the hysteresis effect in the focal conic‐homeotropic transition, we have designed a drive scheme which can address bistable reflective cholesteric displays at the speed of one line per millisecond.
Psychoeducational Model for Caregivers of Persons with AIDS

ABSTRACT For every individual infected with the HIV virus, there is a group of friends, family and loved ones who are affected by the disease. Although support groups for these caregivers have begun to develop throughout the country, there is a paucity of research examining the effectiveness of these groups in relieving the stresses experienced by this hidden population. A review of the literature on caregiver groups of other chronically ill family members indicate that both education and support are necessary ingredients in effecting change. The authors propose a practice framework which integrates the determinants of burden, the stage of illness and the stage of mourning in assessing the differential needs of the caregiver for support and education. Implications for further research in this area are discussed. Finally, the authors delineate the usefulness of the model not only in assessing the stresses experienced by the individual caregiver but in developing and implementing a psychoeducational group.
A single base insertion in the putative transmembrane domain of the tyrosinase gene as a cause for tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism.

Abstract We have determined a molecular defect to be the likely basis for inactivity of the tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) from a patient with tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism. A single base (thymine) was inserted in exon 5 of the tyrosinase gene following codon 471 in the putative transmembrane coding region. This insertion caused a shift in the reading frame of 19 amino acids at the 3' end and introduced a premature termination signal that would be expected to truncate the protein by 21 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus. The albino tyrosinase was not recognized by antibodies directed to the carboxyl terminus of tyrosinase. Furthermore, as shown by gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitated protein, the tyrosinase was approximately 3 kDa smaller than normal. Similar immunoprecipitation data were obtained when cloned normal and mutant tyrosinases were expressed in COS-1 cells.
Post-Baccalaureate Wage Growth within Four Years of Graduation: The Effects of College Quality and College Major

This paper examines the impact of college quality and academic major on the earnings of a nationally representative sample of baccalaureate recipients. We extend previous work in this area by analyzing the magnitude of change in the influence of these factors at two points in the early career of these graduates. Our results demonstrate that, despite significant variation, graduates from higher quality colleges enjoy a greater rate of growth in earnings during their early career. We also show that growth in earnings varies significantly by the graduates’ major field of study. Wage growth for women and racial minorities is also examined.
Avalanche-like behavior in ciliary import

Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles that protrude from the cell body. Ciliary assembly requires intraflagellar transport (IFT), a motile system that delivers cargo from the cell body to the flagellar tip for assembly. The process controlling injections of IFT proteins into the flagellar compartment is, therefore, crucial to ciliogenesis. Extensive biochemical and genetic analyses have determined the molecular machinery of IFT, but these studies do not explain what regulates IFT injection rate. Here, we provide evidence that IFT injections result from avalanche-like releases of accumulated IFT material at the flagellar base and that the key regulated feature of length control is the recruitment of IFT material to the flagellar base. We used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of IFT proteins in live cells to quantify the size and frequency of injections over time. The injection dynamics reveal a power-law tailed distribution of injection event sizes and a negative correlation between injection size and frequency, as well as rich behaviors such as quasiperiodicity, bursting, and long-memory effects tied to the size of the localized load of IFT material awaiting injection at the flagellar base, collectively indicating that IFT injection dynamics result from avalanche-like behavior. Computational models based on avalanching recapitulate observed IFT dynamics, and we further show that the flagellar Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran) guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) gradient can in theory act as a flagellar length sensor to regulate this localized accumulation of IFT. These results demonstrate that a self-organizing, physical mechanism can control a biochemically complex intracellular transport pathway.
Observations on Comperiella Bifasciata, an Endoparasite of Diaspine Coccids

The eneyrtid Comperiella bifasciata How is of interest primarily as a parasite of the citrus scale insects Aonidiella citrina (Coq.) and A. aurantii (Mask.). Introduced and established in California by the University of California Citrus Experiment Station in 1924, under the direction of Professor H. S. Smith, in an unsuccessful attempt to control A. aurantii, C. bifasciata proved to be of considerable value in reducing the frequency of infestations of A. citrina on citrus in southern California (Smith, 1942). Because of the economic importance of C. bifasciata and the recent discovery that the species consists of at least two host-determined races, it seems advisable to record the biological observations made during the past two years. Compere and Smith (1927) and Ishii (1932) present biological data in relation to hosts other than A. aurantii .
Transverse waves in detonations

Abstract The observation of spontaneous transverse waves in detonations has led us to construct a simple acoustic theory which presents a criterion for their development. As a first step, the theory shows that any high frequency sound source located in the reaction zone of the detonation will yield an acoustic ray which asymptotically approaches a plane parallel to the shock and then travels parallel to the shock for long distances. Furthermore, after becoming asymptotic, this ray bundle is shown to spread at a characteristic rate dependent on the local heat release rate and the local flow properties. Since this ray is travelling in a region of constant properties, an acoustic treatment, including the rate of spreading of the ray and taking into account the effect of reaction kinetics for the irreversible exothermic reaction, yields a criterion for the linear amplification of transverse waves. The analysis shows that any reasonable reaction kinetics will supply a mechanism for amplifying infinitesimal high frequency transverse waves in the exothermic reaction zone of a Chapman-Jouguet detonation. The generality of this result is discussed.
Phenylbutyrate decreases type I collagen production in human lung fibroblasts

Fibrotic lung diseases are characterized by excess extracellular matrix production, in particular type I collagen. Phenylbutyrate (PB) is a non-toxic pharmacological compound that functions as a weak histone deacetylase inhibitor. In hepatic stellate cells, the synthesis of type I collagen expression is decreased by inhibiting histone acetylation. Our studies examined the regulation of type I collagen by PB in human lung fibroblasts. We found that PB decreases basal and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated alpha1(I) collagen mRNA and protein levels. Northern blot analyses demonstrated that PB decreases steady-state alpha1(I) collagen mRNA levels by 78% without significantly changing the stability of the mRNA transcript. PB stimulates cAMP production and increases the acetylation of histone H4, but does not affect the activity of two transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-responsive luciferase reporter constructs. These data suggest that PB regulates type I collagen expression in human lung fibroblasts by mechanisms that include cAMP production and histone acetylation. PB may have therapeutic use in fibrotic lung diseases.
Evaluation and validation of statistical methods for viability assays: Monte Carlo simulation and power analysis of limiting dilution assay data

Abstract Scientists frequently must choose between several different statistical methods for analyzing data. Monte Carlo simulations and power analyses can be used to select the most appropriate statistical method for analyzing viability assay data and to choose the statistical method that best differentiates between small differences in cryopreservation treatments. In addition, the probability of Type I and Type II statistical errors and the relationship between Type I and Type II errors can also be determined by these techniques. Monte Carlo results for six methods of analyzing limiting dilution assay data revealed discrepancies between theoretical and true significance levels for test methods. The methods tested were regression, weighted means, unweighted means, maximum likelihood, minimum X2 and 2 × 2 X2. The maximum likelihood method was found to be superior to other methods because it (i) tested closest to the theoretical significance level, and (ii) had the least bias, the lowest sampling variation, and the most power for determining differences between treatments.
Ionic Liquids as Matrixes for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Room-temperature ionic liquids are useful as solvents for organic synthesis, electrochemical studies, and separations. We wished to examine whether their high solubalizing power, negligible vapor pressure, and broad liquid temperature range are advantageous if they are used as matrixes for UV-MALDI. Several different ionic matrixes were synthesized and tested, using peptides, proteins, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-2000). All ionic liquids tested have excellent solubilizing properties and vacuum stability compared to other commonly used liquid and solid matrixes. However, they varied widely in their ability to produce analyte gas-phase ions. Certain ionic matrixes, however, produce homogeneous solutions of greater vacuum stability, higher ion peak intensity, and equivalent or lower detection limits than currently used solid matrixes. Clearly, ionic liquids and their more amorphous solid analogues merit further investigation as MALDI matrixes.
Archbishop John Morton and the Province of Canterbury, 1486–1500

The episcopate of John Morton has received little attention from historians, possibly because it falls in time between the traditional interests of medievalists and of reformation specialists. Previous treatments, notably that of dean Hook in his Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury and the biography by Woodhouse, published in 1895 and heavily reliant on Hook, have concentrated on Morton's political role as ‘foster father of the Tudors’, and while Professor Claude Jenkins provided an excellent survey of the Canterbury register, he was more concerned with the evidence which it provides for die condition of the Church in die late fifteenth century than widi the archbishop himself. The purpose of this paper is to outline the salient characteristics of the episcopate and to examine the ecclesiastical policies pursued by Morton. Two qualifications must immediately be added. First, despite the wealth of material in the archiepiscopal register, supplemented by the records of the cathedral priory, there is almost nothing of a personal nature, and as always it is more difficult to estimate the character or sentiments of a fifteenth-century bishop than of his twelfth-century counterpart Secondly, it has been remarked how a hard and fresh look has upgraded the reputation of Hubert Walter, ‘that old model of secular prelacy’.
Incorporation of Chromate into Calcium Carbonate Structure During Coprecipitation

To rigorously assess treatment technologies and establish regulatory framework for chromate-contaminated site remediation, it is useful to know the exact chromium speciation in soil matrices. In an earlier study, Thornton, E. C., & Amonette, J. E. (1999). Hydrogen sulfide gas treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated sediment samples from a plating-waste disposal site – implications for in-situ remediation. Environmental Science & Technology, 33, 4096–4101, reported that some chromate in the bulk particles was not accessible to gaseous reductants or solution-phase extractants, based on XANES studies. We hypothesized that part of this non-extractable chromate may reside in the structure of minerals such as calcium carbonate. To test this hypothesis, a number of calcium carbonate precipitates were prepared in the presence of various concentrations of chromate during the precipitation, which could coprecipitate chromate, or by adding chromate after the precipitation was completed. Hydrochloric acid was used to dissolve calcium carbonate and therefore extract the coprecipitated and surface attached chromate. The results showed that the coprecipitated chromate was non-extractable by hot alkaline solution or phosphate buffer, but could be solubilized by HCl in proportional to the amount of calcium carbonate dissolved. The X-ray diffraction experiments revealed that the coprecipitation of chromate with calcium carbonate had an influence on its crystal structure: The higher the chromate concentration, the greater the ratio of vaterite to calcite.
Index of refraction of a free-electron-laser beam

The index of refraction of a free-electron-laser (FEL) pulse is derived directly, independently of the general FEL analysis, by considering the propagation of an electromagnetic wave along an electron beam that is penetrated by a static magnetic field.
Oxidative stress in the mollusk Echinolittorina peruviana (Gasteropoda: Littorinidae, Lamarck, 1822) and trace metals in coastal sectors with mining activity

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of coastal waters of sites with mining activity in Echinolittorina peruviana, through oxidative stress biomarkers and heavy metals determination both in water and in tissue. Organisms were collected in the intertidal zone in areas with and without mining activity. Metal concentrations in the water and tissues, and also, the following biomarkers of oxidative stress: antioxidant enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase and catalase, non-enzymatic oxidative capacity (TRAP), oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyls) and TBARS, were measured The concentrations of accumulated metals had the following order Fe > Cu > Cd > Zn > Cr > Mo > As; the highest concentrations of metals in water and tissues were found in Caleta Palito and Chanaral. Results suggest that the coastal waters with mining activity and greatest concentrations of copper and iron induced the greater antioxidant response and oxidative damage to lipids in E. peruviana.
Reliability of filter‐strip sampling of gingival crevicular fluid for volume determination using the Periotron

This study explored gingival cervicular fluid (GCF) volumes as measured by the Periotron in an attempt to find a more objective measure of gingival inflammation that could be used in dental compliance studies. The first step in this process was to assess the reliability of the method of collecting and determining GCF volumes as described by the manufacturer. Collections of GCF from both the buccal and lingual surfaces of 6 teeth from 18 subjects with good to moderate plaque accumulation was accomplished. At a later time these same surfaces were retested for a comparison with the initial value for reliability determination. We found that only 23% of the tooth surface pairs varied by less than 20% and 57% of these pairs differed by at least 50%. These values were similar for both good and moderate plaque accumulation subjects. In these subjects, reliability measurements at individual tooth surfaces did not approach acceptable levels of reliability. However, when the GCF values from the 12 tooth surfaces were averaged for each subject, differences between the two measurements improved markedly. Sixty-one percent of these subject pairs differed by less than 20%. Therefore, the average GCF value from subjects with good to moderate plaque accumulations may be compared with reasonable accuracy.
On the return time for a reflected fractional Brownian motion process on the positive orthant

We consider a d-dimensional reflected fractional Brownian motion (RFBM) process on the positive orthant S = R d + , with drift r 0 ∈ R d and Hurst parameter H ∈ (1 2, 1). Under a natural stability condition on the drift vector r 0 and reflection directions, we establish a return time result for the RFBM process Z; that is, for some δ, κ > 0, sup x∈B E x [τ B (δ)] < oo, where B = {x ∈ S: |x| ≤ κ} and τ B (δ) = inf {t ≥ δ: Z(t) ∈ B}. Similar results are known for reflected processes driven by standard Brownian motions, and our result can be viewed as their FBM counterpart. Our motivation for this study is that RFBM appears as a limiting workload process for fluid queueing network models fed by a large number of heavy-tailed ON/OFF sources in heavy traffic.
Territorial Disputes and Interstate War, 1945-1987

This study attempts to measure the relationship between territorial disputes and the initiation of interstate war in the contemporary world. Data for the period 1945-1987 suggest that the existence of an official territorial dispute, where the dispute is contiguous to both sides, is a key variable in determining whether war occurs. War is many times more frequent in cases where states formally dispute the placement of their shared boundary (and the existing boundary lacks standing under international law) than in instances where the boundary is clearly delimited and legally valid.
A model of commodity money

Abstract Commodity money is modeled as one or two of the capital goods in a one-consumption good and one or two capital-good, overlapping generations model. Among the topics addressed using versions of the model are (i) the nature of the inefficiency of commodity money, (ii) the validity of quantity-theory predictions for commodity money systems, (iii) the circumstances under which one commodity emerges naturally as the commodity money, (iv) the role of inside money (money backed by private debt) in commodity money systems and (v) the circumstances under which a government can choose the commodity to serve as the commodity money.
Functional integral theories of low-dimensional quantum Heisenberg models

We investigate the low-temperature properties of the quantum Heisenberg models, both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, in one and two dimensions. We study two different large-N formulations, using Schwinger bosons and S=(1/2 fermions, and solve for their low-order thermodynamic properties. Comparison with exact solutions in one dimension demonstrates the applicability of this expansion to the physical models at N=2. For the square lattice, we find at the mean-field level a low-temperature correlation length which behaves as \ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\propto}exp(A/T), where A asymptotically approaches 2\ensuremath{\pi}${S}^{2}$ for large spin S, but ${A}_{S=1/2}$\ensuremath{\simeq}1.16 and ${A}_{S=1}$\ensuremath{\simeq}5.46. We mention the relevance of our results to recent experiments in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$.
Zeolite synthesis from tetraalkylammonium silicate gels

Abstract Siliceous zeolite synthesis gels containing tetraalkylammonium (TAA + ) and sodium cations were studied using X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, ion exchange, 29 Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The TAA + cations are encapsulated in silicate cages, and silicalite is formed via the rearrangement of these cages by the breaking and reformation of siloxane bonds. Tetrabutylammonium (TBA + ) cations promote silicalite growth, but not as effectively as tetrapropylammonium (TPA + ) because the larger TBA + cations do not conform as well to the silicalite lattice, thus forming an intergrowth of the silicalite-1 and silicalite-2 structures. The time to nucleate silicalite is not affected by the TBA + content of the gel, but the rate of silicalite crystal growth increases with increasing TBA + in the gel. The TBA + occupies all the channel intersections of the silicalite formed. Tetraethylammonium (TEA + ) cations are encapsulated in silicate cages, but not to the same extent as TPA + and TBA + , because TEA + is not as hydrophobic. No silicalite forms in the TEA + silicate gel. The addition of tripropylamine (TriPA) to a TPA + silicate gel has no effect on the kinetics of silicalite formation. TriPA does not incorporate into the gel because it is neutral and, therefore, does not experience a coulombic attraction to the negatively charged surface of the gel.
“Another World is Possible”: Theorizing the Radical Politics of Democracy, North and South

Perhaps the most radical moment in the history of political theory occurs in Plato's Republic. As Socrates devises his Callipolis, he is asked how to implement this vision. He responds with the myt...
Regulation and execution of programmed cell death in response to pathogens, stress and developmental cues

Recent studies have expanded our view of the interactions between small molecule signals that regulate the hypersensitive response and other forms of cell suicide in plants. The mitochondrion has received increasing support as a mediator of at least some forms of programmed cell death in plants. In addition, new information provides a glimpse of how plant hormone signaling may be integrated with extensive autolysis, sensitivity to reactive oxygen intermediates and cell death.
Performance of Sparse Representation Algorithms Using Randomly Generated Frames

We consider sparse representations of signals with at most L nonzero coefficients using a frame F of size M in CN. For any F, we establish a universal numerical lower bound on the average distortion of the representation as a function of the sparsity epsiv = L/N of the representation and redundancy (tau - 1) = M/N - 1 of F. In low dimensions (e.g., N = 6, 8.10), this bound is much stronger than the analytical and asymptotic bounds given in another of our papers. In contrast, it is much less straightforward to compute. We then compare the performance of randomly generated frames to this numerical lower bound and to the analytical and asymptotic bounds given in the aforementioned paper. In low dimensions, it is shown that randomly generated frames perform about 2 dB away from the theoretical lower bound, when the optimal sparse representation algorithm is used. In higher dimensions, we evaluate the performance of randomly generated frames using the greedy orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. The results indicate that for small values of epsiv, OMP performs close to the lower bound and suggest that the loss of the suboptimal search using orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm grows as a function of epsiv. In all cases, the performance of randomly generated frames hardens about their average as N grows, even when using the OMP algorithm.
Comment in Reply

(1977). Comment in Reply. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 179-180.
Double dayside detached auroras: TIMED/GUVI observations

[1] On August 19, 2003, TIMED/GUVI detected, for the first time, two separated (double) dayside detached auroras (D-DDA) simultaneously in all the GUVI channels, 121.6 nm, 135.6 nm, LBHS, and LBHL. The D-DDA was located at magnetic latitudes around −57° and −63° (L shell 3.4 and 4.9) in the 0900–1030 MLT region. The high-latitude part of the D-DDA is much brighter than the low-latitude part. DMSP particle observation indicates that the source of the D-DDA is energetic (∼10 keV) precipitating protons/electrons from the ring current due to the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancements [Zhang et al., 2002] and/or northward turning of the IMF Bz. Observations of the D-DDA provide the first single-event evidence of multiple peaks in the statistical distribution of proton fluxes at energetic around and below 10 keV at low L-shells [Milillo et al., 2001].
A critical review of interventions targeting prosody

This is a critical review of the research literature pertaining to the treatment of prosody. The studies were located using electronic databases and were analysed with respect to participants, design, treatment methods, outcome measures, and findings. Although only 14 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there was considerable diversity among the studies with respect to age of participants, type of communication disorder, treatment procedures, and outcomes. Each of the 14 studies reported at least partial success for outcomes such as increased pitch differential, appropriate production of affect in sentences, increased sound pressure level or loudness, and appropriate use of stress. The results were interpreted as supporting the contention that prosody of people with communication impairment can be changed as the result of treatment. However, several concerns about the rigor of the research were offered. For example, there was limited blinding of data analysers, inconsistent presentation of r...
Dyadic interaction assistant for tracking head gestures and facial expressions

In this paper, an face-tracking camera-based assistive technology is presented for extracting head and face based gestures which are delivered to individuals who are blind. The interface is capable of tracking the head and face of an interaction partner and delivering them through the recently developed VibroGlove interface. The construction of the interface as well as its application are detailed.
Transnationalizing democracy promotion: The role of Western political foundations and think‐tanks

Promoting democracy has developed into a common activity performed by a variety of actors in the post‐cold war world. While it is states and international institutions that receive most of the attention devoted to this increasingly important issue‐area, other non‐state actors also engage in democracy promotion. This article examines the activities of two such actors: political foundations ‐ quasi‐governmental organizations established in a number of advanced states ‐ and think‐tanks ‐ private institutions traditionally engaged in research and policy advocacy. It argues that the role and impact of these actors deepen the transnationalization of democracy promotion, which has important consequences for the international politics of democratization and international relations more generally.
Structured characters and complex demonstratives

L'A. plaide en faveur d'une theorie semantique reconnaissant la valeur des caracteres structures, sans lesquels aucune distinction ne peut etre operee du point de vue de la signification des demonstratifs complexes
Structure and function of the upstream promotor of the human Mafbx gene: The proximal upstream promotor modulates tissue‐specificity

Muscle loss has been linked to increased expression of an ubiquitin ligase termed muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), a nuclear protein involved in degradation of MyoD. To gain insights into mechanisms by which the human MAFbx gene is controlled, the structure of its upstream promotor were studied, and its expression in cultured cells was characterized. Expression of MAFbx was found only in cells of muscle lineage. A reporter gene controlled by 948 bases of human MAFbx upstream promotor displayed similar cell-type selectivity. MAFbx levels were greatly enhanced upon myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, and differentiation markedly increased activity of a reporter gene constructed with 400 bp of upstream promotor from the MAFbx gene. The core promotor spanned approximately 160 bases beginning at −241 bp upstream of the first codon, included potential binding sites for MyoD and myogenin, and was highly conserved among mouse, rat, and humanMAFbx genes. The major transcription start site for the human MAFbx gene was 340 bases upstream of the ATG and was localized the highly conserved region of 140 bp. The findings indicate an important role for the immediate upstream promotor of the human MAFbx gene in mediating its developmental expression and tissue specificity. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inelastic Scattering of Protons by Li 7

The absolute differential cross section for the inelastic scattering of protons by ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$ has been measured at ten scattering angles for incident proton energies near the 1030-kev resonance. The differential cross section is nearly isotropic at the resonance whereas at higher energies the scattering shows marked fore-and-aft asymmetry, being predominantly in the backwards direction. The total cross section for inelastic scattering is 41.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0 millibarns at an incident proton energy, ${E}_{1}=1050$ kev; 35.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8 millibarns at ${E}_{1}=1140$ kev; and 32.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.7 millibarns at ${E}_{1}=1240$ kev.
Determination of disappearance of bis-isopropyl xanthogen (“dixie”) in synthetic rubber latex during polymerization†

Bis-isopropyl xanthogen (“dixie”) is a poor promoter, but an effective modifier, in the GR-S recipe, as was concluded from unreported intrinsic viscosity measurements. High molecular mercaptans are good promoters but very poor modifiers. In recipes containing mercaptans as promoters, dixie acts like a retarder until a conversion of 30% is attained. After this conversion the rate becomes normal. It is found that at a conversion of 30% most of the dixie has been dissipated. Bis-isopropyl xanthogen can be determined polarographically. A procedure is given for the polarographic determination of dixie and the determination by amperometric titration of mercaptan when both dixie and mercaptan are present in a GR-S latex. Disappearance curves of dixie and of mercaptans are given when both modifiers are present in the original charge.
Model copolymerization reactions: Evidence against stereochemical effects of donor-acceptor complexation in reactions of simple alkyl radicals with n-phenylmaleimide and donor olefins

Reductive demercuration of alkylmercuric bromides with NaBD_4 was used to generate the 1-butyl and t-butyl radicals in mixtures of N-phenylmaleimide (NPM) and either of the donor olefins 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) or tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). In each case, the major products of the reaction were derived from simple addition of the radical to NPM followed by transfer of a deuterium atom to the initial adduct. There were no differences in the stereochemistries of the products formed from reaction mixtures of widely varying monomer compositions. These results show that transfer of the deuterium atom to the radical center is unaffected by electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexation and argue against important stereochemical consequences of EDA complexation in radical copolymerization.
Vocational training for the unemployed: its impact on uncommonly served groups

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impact of vocational training on unemployed workers not typically studied: women enrolled in engineering or computer programming training and high school dropouts.Design/methodology/approach – Using data from New Jersey's Individual Training Grant (ITG) program and a quasi‐experimental design, the study compares the ITG groups' re‐employment and wage recovery rates with a matched comparison group.Findings – The article finds that women enrolled in the male‐dominated fields of engineering or computer programming experience re‐employment rates that are lower than or similar to those in the comparison group, but they experience higher wage recovery in 8th and 12th quarters after claiming unemployment insurance (UI). Hispanic high school dropouts experience both higher re‐employment and wage recovery rates than their comparison group, but the wage recovery advantage disappears when those enrolled in truck driving training are removed from the sample. Further, white and...
Fate of intravenously administered rat lymphokine-activated killer cells labeled with different markers.

Rat lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, generated by adhering rat splenocytes isolated from the 52% Percoll density fraction to plastic flasks, demonstrate restricted in vivo tissue distribution, localizing in the lungs and liver after 2 h, but redistributing into the liver and spleen 24 h after i.v. administration. However, a different pattern of distribution was observed when this population of LAK cells was labeled with one of four commonly used radioisotopes. For example, LAK cells showed a high distribution into the lungs 30 min after administration when labeled with 51Cr, 125I-dUrd or 111In-oxine, whereas 111InCl-labeled LAK cells showed an equal distribution into the blood, lungs and liver at this time. Two hours after administration, cells labeled with 111In-oxine showed an equivalent distribution into the lungs and liver, those labeled with 125I-dUrd or 51Cr showed a high accumulation in the lungs, whereas those labeled with 111In-Cl entered more into the liver and blood. The pattern of distribution of 111In-Cl- or 111In-oxine-labeled cells was confirmed using gamma camera imaging analysis. By 24 h, LAK cells labeled with 111InCl, 111In-oxine or 51Cr distributed in the liver and spleen in variable concentrations. In contrast, cells labeled with 125I-dUrd were not detected in any organ tested. This study was paralleled by monitoring the distribution of LAK cells labeled with Hoechst 33342 (H33342) and analyzed for the presence of fluoresceinated cells in different organs either by flow cytometry analysis, or in frozen section. The data indicate that the distribution pattern of LAK cells labeled with 111In-oxine is the closest to the distribution of H33342-labeled cells. Of all the radioisotopes used, 125I-dUrd has the most disadvantages and is not recommended for monitoring the in vivo distribution of leukocytes.
Neurotoxic effects of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the cat. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry

Abstract N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) cell death in several species including the mouse, dog and monkey. MPTP is presently shown to cause apparent nigral cell death in the SNc of the cat as noted by a long-lasting decrease in tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH)-like cell staining. A transient loss of TH-like staining is also observed in the ventral tegmental area, locus coeruleus and retrorubral area. These latter areas appear normal 1.5-5.0 months after MPTP administration. The caudate nucleus (CD) showed a greater TH depletion than the nucleus accumbens (ACC) and only recovered slighly over time. After 7 days of MPTP, an apparent axonopathy, characterized by lightly staining fibers with large TH-positive varicosities, is seen in the CD and to a lesser extent, in the ACC. These findings demonstrate that MPTP is toxic to the cat's nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and suggests that the cat is a good intermediate species in which to study the responses of dopaminergic neurons to MPTP.
Learning Java: a programmed instruction approach using Applets

Abstract A programmed instruction approach to knowledge acquisition is operationalized by student–teacher interactions that involve monitoring and managing the moment-by-moment progress of a learner throughout the process of achieving a criterion of mastery in a knowledge domain. The teacher is generic and may include another person, a structured text, or a computer. When the steps and increments leading to a task's completion and mastery can be enumerated, the process of interaction-based learning lends itself to implementation with computer-based tutoring systems. The present paper describes a computer-based programmed instruction tutoring system that teaches a learner how to write a simple Java™ computer program. The system is based on a series of Java Applets, which are computer programs that are downloaded from a network server and executed by a client browser such as Netscape®. The use of Java Applets makes the tutoring system available to learners over the World Wide Web. Performance acquisition data are presented to show an individual learner's progression to task completion and mastery using the tutoring system. Survey data are presented to show the subjective responses of a class of students to the use of the tutoring system. The adoption of this computer-based tutoring system is justified as one component within a personalized system of instruction that also includes lectures and collaborative learning experiences.
Imaging Vulnerable Plaque by Ultrasound

Diagnostic techniques to identify vulnerable plaques are rapidly evolving. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has the ability to detect and localize plaque as well as quantitate plaque burden. Recent IVUS studies have suggested that patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes have an approximate 25% incidence of additional ruptured plaques in arteries other than the culprit lesion. The ability of IVUS to detect vulnerable plaques before rupture is currently being evaluated by novel techniques. Initially, IVUS was shown to be able to characterize plaque broadly as calcified or fibrofatty but was limited in its ability to more precisely detect lipid-rich plaques, necrotic cores, and thrombus. Recent advances in new applications of IVUS, such as integrated backscatter, wavelet analysis, and virtual histology, have focused on evaluating and mathematically transforming the radiofrequency signal from ultrasound waves into a color-coded representation of plaque characteristics such as lipid, fibrous tissue, calcification, and necrotic core. In addition, targeted contrast agents, applicable to both intravascular and transthoracic studies, are being evaluated in experimental models and aim to highlight specific plaque components, such as endothelial adhesion molecules and other plaque components that might be useful in targeting vulnerable plaques. These advances pave the way for future clinical trials in assessing the ability of such techniques to diagnose vulnerable plaques and to assess the effects of both pharmacologic and mechanical therapies on plaque characteristics.
Macrogeographical variation in the song of a widely distributed African warbler

The songs of oscine passerine birds vary on many spatial scales, reflecting the actions of diverse evolutionary pressures. Here we examine the songs of Cisticola erythrops, which effectively signal species identity across a geographical area spanning 6500 km in sub-Saharan Africa. Selection for species identification should promote stability in song traits, while sexual selection and geographical segregation should promote diversity. Cisticola erythrops share syllable types across the entire range of species and structure songs similarly, but individuals sing highly variable songs through improvisational recombination of syllables. Patterns of syllable use change gradually across the range of the species and do not show distinct breaks at subspecies boundaries. The acoustic properties of the most common syllable type also change gradually with distance. The results illustrate how songs can be simultaneously species-specific and highly variable at an individual level. At a larger level, patterns of variation indicate that cultural drift has generated song diversity through an isolation by distance mechanism.
Analyzing the Impact of U.S. Antiabortion Legislation in the Post-Casey Era: A Reassessment

Marshall Medoff and Christopher Dennis identify some errors in National Abortion Rights Action League's (NARAL) data on the effective start dates of various state-level antiabortion laws. However, they misunderstand the purpose of my 2011 State Politics and Policy Quarterly article which was to measure the impact of a range of antiabortion laws—not analyze competing theories as to why the abortion rate has fallen in the United States. Furthermore, their analysis contains a number of critical measurement, and methodological and estimation errors. When these errors are corrected, the empirical results add to the substantial body of peer-reviewed research which finds that public funding restrictions, parental involvement laws, and properly designed informed consent laws all reduce the incidence of abortion.