cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
S-search: finding RFID tags using scalable and secure search protocol

Massively deploying RFID systems that preserve data integrity and security is a major challenge of the coming years. Since RFID tags are extremely constrained in time and space, enforcing high level of security with excessive cryptographic computation is not possible. Secured mechanisms for tag authentication have been in the midst of researcher's interest for almost a decade. One extension of RFID authentication is RFID tag searching, which has not been given much attention so far. But we firmly believe that in near future tag searching will be a significant issue. And tag searching need to be scalable as RFID tags are deployed comprehensively within a system. In this paper we propose a scalable and lightweight RFID tag searching protocol. This protocol can search a particular tag efficiently as the approach is not based on exhaustive search. This approach does not employ extreme computing or cryptographic functions. Our proposed scalable search protocol is secured against major security threats and it is suitable to be used in numerous real life situations.
Preoperative nursing intervention with the patient for surgery: outcomes of three alternative approaches

ALTHOUGH preoperative patient teaching has been recognized as the nurse’s responsibility, its performance may be unsupported by theory, adequate planning, or follow-up evaluation of the elkacy of specific approaches. Content, methodology, and frequency of nursing teaching actions vary with practitioner and institution; teaching the preoperative patient is gaining acceptance because it is believed to be physiologically and psychologically beneficial. Nonetheless, pulmonary and circulatory complications continue to contribute to postoperative morbidity.
Effect of DETOX as an adjuvant for melanoma vaccine

The identification of effective adjuvants is critical for tumor vaccine development. Towards this end, we examined whether the immunogenicity of a melanoma vaccine could be potentiated by DETOX, an adjuvant consisting of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and purified mycobacterial cell-wall skeleton (CWS). Nineteen patients with resected stage III melanoma were immunized with a polyvalent melanoma antigen vaccine (40 micrograms) admixed with DETOX, q3 wks x 4. Seven patients received vaccine + low-dose DETOX (10 micrograms MPL + 100 micrograms CWS) and 12 received vaccine + high-dose DETOX (20 micrograms MPL + 200 micrograms CWS). A non-randomized control group of 35 patients was treated similarly with 40 micrograms vaccine + alum. One week after the fourth vaccine immunization, melanoma antibodies were increased over baseline in 7/7 (100%) patients treated with vaccine + low-dose DETOX, 8/12 (67%) patients treated with vaccine + high-dose DETOX, and in 4/19 (21%) of vaccine + alum patients. For the entire DETOX group, the antibody response rate was 15/19 (79%) compared 4/19 (21%) in the alum group (p or = 15 mm increase in DTH response over baseline) was induced in 50% of the entire DETOX group versus in 47% of the alum group. Median disease-free (DF) survival for the entire DETOX group was 17.8 months compared with 32.1 months in the alum group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DETOX markedly potentiated antibody but had little effect on DTH responses to melanoma vaccine immunization. It did not appear to improve disease-free survival in comparison to alum in this non-randomized study.
Fuzzy thresholding and linking for wavelet-based edge detection in images

The application of wavelet transforms to edge detection has improved edge localization. The image produced by the local maxima of the wavelet modulus needs to be thresholded to extract out the relevant edge pixels. This is currently done manually. In this paper, we apply a fuzzy thresholding approach for automatic determination of the threshold level for wavelet maxima. A membership function is used to determine the characterization of the candidate edges based on a particular threshold. The threshold which yields the best characteristic or lowest uncertainty is selected. Non-crisp thresholding is achieved by re-evaluating edge pixel membership values to identify those pixels that may have been improperly classified. This results in the closure of small gaps between edge segments and a reduction in the size and number of larger gaps. For disjoint edge segments with a separation of less than six pixels, their endpoints can be linked by fuzzy reasoning based on membership values, distance, and their wavelet angles. Experimental results on test images have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method.
Algorithms for computing the volume and other integral properties of solids. II. A family of algorithms based on representation conversion and cellular approximation

This paper discusses a family of algorithms for computing the volume, moments of inertia, and other integral properties of geometrically complex solids, e.g. typical mechanical parts. The algorithms produce approximate decompositions of solids into cuboid cells whose integral properties are easy to compute.The paper focuses on versions of the algorithms which operate on solids represented by Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG), i.e., as set-theoretical combinations of primitive solid “building blocks.” Two known algorithms are summarized and a new algorithm is presented. The efficiencies and accuracies of the three algorithms are analyzed theoretically and compared experimentally.The new algorithm uses recursive subdivision to convert CSG representations of complex solids into approximate cellular decompositions based on variably sized blocks. Experimental data show that the new algorithm is efficient and has predictable accuracy. It also has other potential applications, e.g., in producing approximate octree representations of complex solids and in robot navigation.
Blimp-1, a novel zinc finger-containing protein that can drive the maturation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells

Abstract We describe a novel gene, Blimp-1 (for B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein), transcripts of which are rapidly induced during the differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin secretory cells and whose expression is characteristic of late B and plasma cell lines. The 856 amino acid open reading frame contains five Kruppel-type zinc finger motifs and proline-rich and acidic regions similar to those of known transcription factors. Serological studies show an ∼ 100 kd protein that localizes to the nucleus. Stable or transient transfection of Blimp-1 into B cell lymphoma lines leads to the expression of many of the phenotypic changes associated with B cell differentiation into an early plasma cell stage, including induction of J chain message and immunoglobulin secretion, up-regulation of Syndecan-1 , and increased cell size and granularity. Thus, Blimp-1 appears to be a pleiotropic regulatory factor capable of at least partially driving the terminal differentiation of B cells.
Antitumor efficacy of viral therapy using genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus [NDV(F3aa)-GFP] for peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer

Peritoneal dissemination is a common and fatal clinical manifestation of gastric cancer with few effective therapies available. Natural Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been shown to be an effective oncolytic agent, and recent advances now allow genetic manipulation of this virus to improve cancer killing and safety. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a genetically engineered NDV in the treatment of peritoneally disseminated gastric carcinoma. NDV mutant virus containing a modified F cleavage site and insertion of enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP), NDV(F3aa)-GFP, was tested in vitro against human gastric cancer cells by standard cytotoxicity at different multiplicities of infection. To test NDV(F3aa)-GFP in vivo in a peritoneal carcinomatosis gastric tumor model, MKN-74 human gastric cancer cells were injected intraperitoneally (IP) in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Mice were treated with NDV(F3aa)-GFP either once or multiple times after tumor challenge. Effective killing of MKN-74 cells by NDV(F3aa)-GFP was found in vitro. This cancer killing was dose-related and correlated with viral replication. GFP expression was a good marker of infection. The virus was also effective as an antitumor therapy in a peritoneal cancer model that simulates clinical disease. Half the animals treated with virus had no evidence of disease. Genetically engineered NDV [NDV(F3aa)-GFP] administered IP is an effective antitumor therapy against peritoneal carcinomatosis from human gastric cancer in a xenograft model, without significant toxicity. These data provide further rationale for clinical trials involving NDV for peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer.
CELLULAR AND HUMORAL REQUIREMENTS FOR T‐CELL DEVELOPMENT*

T-cells develop as a consequence of intrathymic and postthymic events, in which hemopoietic progenitors are differentiated into precursors and effector cells. We are proposing that such process includes three integrated steps: (1) T-cell differentiation; (2) selection of the T-cell repertoire and (3) specialization into functional subsets of T-cells. Although there is evidence of specific and nonspecific humoral factors (i.e. thymic extracts, etc.) affecting T-cell differentiation, it is also proposed that the most critical component in this integrated process is the consequence of direct cell to cell interactions between precursor and inducer cells. Thus, the three processes are the consequence of the appropriate or condordant matching of precursor-inducer populations, both at intra- and extrathymic sites. It is also proposed that MHC determinants are critical in permitting the appropriate matching. The model can thus account for nonfunctional differentiation when the appropraite matching is not available and with intrathymic selection by excess cell production favoring the appropriate matching.
Evolution of the perception about the opponent in hypergames

This paper studies the evolution of the perceptions of players about the game they are involved in using the framework of hypergame theory. The focus is on developing methods that players can implement to modify their perception about other players' payoffs by incorporating the lessons learned from observing their actions. We introduce a misperception function that measures the mismatch between a player's perception and the true payoff structure of the other players. Our first update mechanism, called swap learning method, is guaranteed to decrease the value of the misperception function but in general can lead to inconsistencies in the stability properties of the resulting perception. This motivates the introduction of a second mechanism, called modified swap update method, that is guaranteed to produce a consistent perception. Finally, we identify a class of hypergames for which the modified strategy is also guaranteed to decrease the misperception function.
Beyond audio and video: multimedia networking support for distributed, immersive virtual environments

Like interactive audio/video applications, distributed virtual environments (DVEs) require continuous, low-latency delivery of media. While end-system media adaptations and network-based forwarding services have been developed to support audio/video applications, it remains an open question whether these mechanisms can be either directly applied or adapted to realize the requirements of DVEs. We present the results of a study on the use of audio/video media adaptations and router-based active queue managements (AQM) to support the data-flows generated by the UNC nanoManipulator-a DVE interface to a scanned-probe microscope. We present a delay-jitter management scheme used to support a haptic force-feedback tracking/pointing device used in the nanoManipulator and an AQM scheme based on buffer allocation in routers to reduce packet loss. The results of early experiments are promising and provide evidence that a sophisticated virtual environment interface can operate over the Internet to control a remote microscope in real-time.
Calcium signaling in sperm: help from prostasomes.

Mammalian sperm cells are equipped with sophisticated Ca 2+ signaling mechanisms that are fundamental to sperm’s success in fertilization. Unlike most other cells, however, mature sperm generally do not have the luxury of synthesizing new proteins. New evidence indicates that human sperm have a very clever way to solve the conflict between the critical demand for Ca 2+ signaling tools and the silence of protein translation. Just before encountering the female reproductive tract, sperm acquire some of the key molecules for Ca 2+ signaling from the male reproductive tract itself: prostasomes secreted by the prostate gland.
Identifying Actionable Targets through Integrative Analyses of GEM Model and Human Prostate Cancer Genomic Profiling

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are among the most common molecular events in human prostate cancer genomes and are associated with worse prognosis. Identification of the oncogenic drivers within these CNAs is challenging due to the broad nature of these genomic gains or losses which can include large numbers of genes within a given region. Here we profiled the genomes of four genetically engineered mouse prostate cancer models that reflect oncogenic events common in human prostate tumors, with the goal of integrating these data with human prostate cancer datasets to identify shared molecular events. Met was amplified in 67% of prostate tumors from Pten p53 prostate conditional null mice and in approximately 30% of metastatic human prostate cancer specimens, often in association with loss of PTEN and TP53. In murine tumors with Met amplification, Met copy number gain and expression was present in some cells but not others, revealing intratumoral heterogeneity. Forced MET overexpression in non-MET amplified prostate tumor cells activated PI3K and MAPK signaling and promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth, whereas MET kinase inhibition selectively impaired the growth of tumors with Met amplification. However, the impact of MET inhibitor therapy was compromised by the persistent growth of non-Met amplified cells within Met-amplified tumors. These findings establish the importance of MET in prostate cancer progression but reveal potential limitations in the clinical use of MET inhibitors in late state prostate cancer.
Noise Limits on Reconstructing Diffraction Signals From Random Tomographs

An information theoretic criterion for the feasibility of reconstructing diffraction signals from noisy tomographs, when the positions of the tomographs within the signal are unknown, is derived. For shot-noise limited data, the number of detected photons per tomograph for successful reconstruction is much smaller than previously believed necessary, growing only logarithmically with the number of contrast elements of the diffracting object. Reconstruction up to the theoretic criterion is demonstrated on simulated data with an algorithm that combines the expectation-maximization (EM) principle with constraints arising from the band-limited nature of the signal.
COLLECTING TIME-USE DATA IN THIRD WORLD RURAL COMMUNITIES∗

To collect time-use data in Third World rural areas, researchers should use broad-focus studies that provide adequate coverage throughout the year and employ direct observation of activities. Various methods used by geographers to obtain time expenditure information are examined in relation to these criteria; certain weaknesses are discussed. An alternative method developed by Allen Johnson, an anthropologist, has particular advantages for geographers because it facilitates mapping spatial patterns of time use, calculating average distances traveled to activities, and computing time spent on movement.
Family observations of everyday cognitive impairment in dementia

The observations made by family members of cognitive impairment and decline serve an important role in the description of dementia-related illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. A common clinical practice is to interview the family and informally gather information about the severity and history of intellectual impairment such as memory disorder and aphasia. The present study introduces a method to formalize this information gathering using an inventory that allows a family member to rate the presence and severity of the everyday manifestations of dementia. Results of initial psychometric studies of the rating scale indicate that a family member can make reliable judgments of everyday cognitive impairment. Observer ratings such as these should significantly enhance diagnostic efforts when they are used in conjunction with neuropsychological tests and in cases in which the demented person cannot participate in a full neuropsychological evaluation.
Carbon monoxide chemisorption on Cu3Au(100) and related surfaces

Chemisorption of carbon monoxide on Cu3Au(100) was investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The saturation coverage at 100 K was found to be 0.3 monolayer, about half that attained on Cu(100). Desorption spectra indicate that the surface appears homogeneous with a CO-surface bond strength which is less (by about 25%) than that for Cu(100) but greater than that for Au(100). Virtually identical behavior was also found for chemisorption of carbon monoxide on an analogous ordered Cu-Au surface corresponding to one described by Palmberg 0 and Rhodin as Cu(100)-c(2×2)Au.
From cannery to culinary luxury: The evolution of the global geoduck market

The global geoduck market evolved substantially over the past four decades. This paper identifies the key transitional periods and discusses the catalysts that contributed to the evolution of the global geoduck market since its commercial inception during the 1970s. Specifically, this paper focuses on how the transition to rights-based fisheries management in Canada's wild geoduck fishery fostered changes in product form and ex-vessel prices that impacted the entire wild geoduck industry. This evolution in turn facilitated the emergence of intertidal and subtidal geoduck aquaculture, which led to further changes in the global geoduck industry including changes in: sources of supply, volume of production, trade patterns, primary markets, preference for product attributes, and fishery value. The global geoduck industry is still evolving, and this paper identifies and discusses the key drivers and constraints facing the market as it moves forward.
Pain intensity, interference and patient pain management strategies the first 12 weeks after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

article i nfo Background: Pain is a distressing and often undertreated symptom of cardiac surgery. Little is known about pain levels, interference and treatment strategies beyond the 9 week period. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe pain intensity, interference and strategies used to manage pain in post-operative CABG patients. Methods: Baseline data were collected by interview in the hospital after CABG surgery using the Modified Brief Pain Inventory. One to 12 weeks after discharge, weekly telephone interviews were conducted to collect data. Results: Pain levels and interference with activities of daily living were greatest during hospitalization and decreased over 12 weeks. Pain interfered the most with coughing and sleep. Once opioid medications ran out, activity modification was primarily used to manage pain. Conclusions: Activity modification below recommended levels was reported as a pain management strategy. Patients reported pain lasting longer than they expected and the need for more education about activity and pain management strategies.
Fault isolation during semiconductor manufacturing using automated discovery from wafer tracking databases

Describes the use of automated discovery from databases for diagnosing the causes of misprocessing during semiconductor manufacturing. The database contains the history of the semiconductor wafers as they undergo various processing steps. A generate-and-test approach is taken for using such a database for automated diagnosis. Based on prior manual use of such databases, classes of queries to the database useful for fault isolation are identified. Patterns in the responses to these queries that are useful for fault isolation are also identified. Automated diagnosis is accomplished by automating query generation and the detection of potentially useful patterns. A prototype system was implemented and tested on a database from a wafer grinding and polishing facility. In addition to identifying previously known faults, the system also identified previously unknown faults. >
An improved algorithm for incremental induction of decision trees

This paper presents an algorithm for incremental induction of decision trees that is able to handle both numeric and symbolic variables. In order to handle numeric variables, a new tree revision operator called 'slewing' is introduced. Finally, a non-incremental method is given for finding a decision tree based on a direct metric of a candidate tree.
A Critical Review of the Estimates of the Costs of Alcohol and Drug Use

Estimates of the “costs” of alcohol and drug use play a major role in public policy. They are sometimes used to justify expansions in drug treatment programs and widespread implementation of drug screening programs. A series of studies have attempted to calculate these costs for the United States (Berry & Boland, 1977; Cruze, Harwood, Kristiansen, Collins, & Jones, 1981; Harwood, Napolitano, Kristiansen, & Collins, 1984; Rice, Kelman, Miller, & Dunmeyer, 1990); they are widely cited by authorities on drug testing (Coombs & West, 1990; Decresce, Lifshitz, Mazura, & Tilson, 1989), by journalists (Kelley, 1989), and by the government. When considering these estimates, a number of questions need to be addressed: Are they useful? Are they accurate? What do they attempt to measure? What do we really know about the costs of alcohol and drug abuse? These and other questions will be answered in this chapter. I will also discuss the empirical basis of cost estimates, as well as the often-neglected role that substitution among drugs plays in assessing appropriate drug control policies.
Triple-helix structure in telomerase RNA contributes to catalysis

Telomerase is responsible for replication of the ends of linear chromosomes in most eukaryotes. Its intrinsic RNA subunit provides the template for synthesis of telomeric DNA by the reverse-transcriptase (TERT) subunit and tethers other proteins into the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. We report that a phylogenetically conserved triple helix within a pseudoknot structure of this RNA contributes to telomerase activity but not by binding the TERT protein. Instead, 2′-OH groups protruding from the triple helix participate in both yeast and human telomerase catalysis; they may orient the primer-template relative to the active site in a manner analogous to group I ribozymes. The role of RNA in telomerase catalysis may have been acquired relatively recently or, alternatively, telomerase may be a molecular fossil representing an evolutionary link between RNA enzymes and RNP enzymes.
Induction of estrus in the ovariectomized golden hamster.

IT HAS BEEN REPORTED (McKenzie and Terrill, 1937; Bell, Casida, and Darlow, 1941; Quin and Van Der Wath, 1943) that the ovariectomized female sheep and goat are brought into estrus uniformly and promptly by a single injection of estrogen, a result confirmed at this Station (unpublished results). In this respect both animals differ from the common laboratory mammals (guinea pig, rat, and mouse) which require progesterone following estrogen priming for the regular exhibition of estrus. The marked difference in response to estrogen in the respective species indicates that the mechanisms involved in the induction of estrus are not identical. Since female sheep and goats exhibit a well-defined period of seasonal anestrum, it was thought that this factor might possibly be associated with the variations cited. The descriptions of the breeding habits of tne golden hamster given by Bruce and Hindle (1934), Deanesly (1938) and Peczenik (1942), and our own observation that it failed to breed from.
Cognitive Dissonance on the U.S. Supreme Court

This research examines the applicability of cognitive dissonance theory to explain a judge’s decision to author or join a separate opinion. The author proposes that, when a judge casts a counterattitudinal vote, that judge will endeavor to reduce the aversive consequences of being viewed as an inconsistent decision maker by justifying his or her attitudinally incongruent vote choice to the public in a separate opinion. The author tests this possibility by examining U.S. Supreme Court justices’ decisions to author or join concurring and dissenting opinions during the 1946 to 2001 terms. The empirical results provide qualified support for the use of separate opinions as dissonance reduction mechanisms, suggesting that dissonance theory both is applicable to the actions of elite decision makers and enjoys validity outside of a laboratory setting.
A Functional Fault Model with Implicit Fault Effect Propagation Requirements

We define a functional fault model that does not include explicit fault effect propagation requirements. Test generation for this functional fault model is done considering only a fault free circuit. This simplifies the functional test generation process. We demonstrate through experimental results that functional test sequences generated based on this model are effective in providing very high gate-level stuck-at fault coverage.
The eastward subtropical countercurrent on isopycnal surface in the western North Pacific

The monthly circulations on isopycnal surface in the western North Pacific are calculated based on the Navy's Generalized Digital Environmental Model climatological tem- perature and salinity data on a 1/2° × 1/2° grid using a P-vector method. The eastward Sub- tropical Countercurrent (STCC) in the central subtropical gyre has been studied with emphasis on its spatial distribution, vertical structure, volume transport and its nearby eddy phenomenon. The results reproduce the observed feature of STCC, and reveal some new phenomena on isopycnal surface, such as: (1) At σθ = 24.6, there is strong seasonal variability in the distribution, origin and flow status of STCC. There is no STCC in January, February and March. (2) From May to October, a branch of the Kuroshio Countercurrent to the south of Japan merges into STCC, which increases the velocity of STCC and widens its width. (3) The velocity vector field shows that STCC and nearby eddies coexist. (4) The eastward volume transport of STCC across 137.5°E is the strongest in summer with the maximum of 6.9 Sv ( 1 Sv ≡ 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) in August, and weaker in spring and autumn with 1.7 Sv in April and 1.6 Sv in November. Most of the transports of STCC occur between isopycnal surfaces 24.0σθ and 25.0σθ. (5) The distributions of the zonal flow along 137.5°E show that the flow core of STCC is between 24.3σθ and 24.7σθ .
Impact of age on the vasodilatory function of human skeletal muscle feed arteries

Although advancing age is often associated with attenuated skeletal muscle blood flow and skeletal muscle feed arteries (SMFAs) have been recognized to play a regulatory role in the vasculature, little is known about the impact of age on the vasodilatory capacity of human SMFAs. Therefore, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were assessed in SMFAs (diameter: 544 ± 63 μm) obtained from 24 (equally represented) young (33 ± 2 yr) and old (71 ± 2 yr) subjects in response to three stimuli: 1) flow-induced shear stress, 2) ACh, and 3) sodium nitropusside (SNP). Both assessments of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, flow (young subjects: 68 ± 1% and old subjects: 32 ± 7%) and ACh (young subjects: 92 ± 3% and old subjects: 73 ± 4%), were significantly blunted (P < 0.05) in SMFAs of old compared with young subjects, with no such age-related differences in endothelium-independent vasodilation (SNP). In response to an increase in flow-induced shear stress, vasodilation kinetics (time constant to reach 63% of the amplitude of the response: 55 ± 1 s in young subjects and 92 ± 7 s in old subjects) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation (phospho-eNOS(s1177)/total eNOS: 1.0 ± 0.1 in young subjects and 0.2 ± 0.1 in old subjects) were also significantly attenuated in old compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the vessel superoxide concentration was greater in old subjects (old subjects: 3.9 ± 1.0 area under curve/mg and young subjects: 1.7 ± 0.1 area under the curve/mg, P < 0.05). These findings reveal that the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory capacity, including vasodilation kinetics but not smooth muscle function, of human SMFAs is blunted with age and may be due to free radicals. Given the potential regulatory role of SMFAs in skeletal muscle blood flow, these findings may explain, at least in part, the often observed attenuated perfusion of skeletal muscle with advancing age that may contribute to exercise intolerance in the elderly.
Cellular Systems and Rotating Radar Using the Same Spectrum

Spectrum-sharing with radar often means operating outside “exclusion zones” near the radar. However, it is technically possible for cellular systems to operate close to radar at data rates that are high on average without causing harmful interference simply by adjusting dynamically as the radar rotates. Despite fluctuations in data rate, cellular quality of service is sufficient for the applications that generate the vast majority of Internet traffic. This is an example of how “gray space sharing” can make more efficient use for spectrum; cellular devices operate on a secondary basis in spectrum that is not “unused.” Although technically possible, this form of sharing poses new policy challenges. Particularly in cases where there are multiple entities operating primary systems and multiple entities operating secondary systems in the same spectrum, a new form of governance is needed to prevent, detect, and respond to harmful interference.
The Biochemistry of Reye's Syndrome

AbstractAnd I Daniel fainted, and was sick certain days; afterward I rose up, and did the king's business; and I was astonished at the vision, but none understood it.The Bible Daniel 8:27On the basis of the findings presented in this biochemical overview, it can be said that Reye's syndrome affects every major category of human metabolism. Such an effect at the molecular level parallels, in scope, the known impact of this disease on the function and/or structure of parenchymal cells from multiple organ systems. In this regard, the student of RS is presented with a unique opportunity to examine, integrate, and correlate a spectrum of morphopathologic and pathophysiologic findings with biochemical derangements as we have attempted to do. An appreciation of the complex interplay of these structural, functional, and biochemical abnormalities and how they might perpetuate or accelerate the disease process would be educationally rewarding in itself. Moreover, because we are handicapped from a therapeutic standp...
BRAIDED ELECTRICAL CONTACT ELEMENT BASED HIGH PERFORMANCE CONNECTORS

Braided Electrical Contact Element or BeCe is high performance mechanically and electrically. It can be used in a variety of connector and interposer applications. This presentation discusses the use of BeCe in board-to-board, flex-to-board, and equivalent connectors. BeCe is typically braided with 6–12 wires and has OD 0.125–0.9 mm and height 1–4 mm. Because of the high elastic compliance, 25–30 % of the uncompressed height, a BeCe height of 2 mm is adequate for a array of 2000 I/O. The contact pitch has a range 0.2–2.0 mm. The average contact force for an array is 5–20 gr. per I/O. The contact resistance of 1 mm BeCe is 5–20 milliohm depending on the wire used. If copper plated stainless steel wire is used the service temperature can be > 250 C. Typical board-to-board connector is constructed by inserting BeCe array in a carrier for adhesive retention. Alternately, the BeCe is cut into two equal heights and each segment is solder attached to the top and bottom side of the FR-4 carrier. Only both ends of...
MK2: an unrecognized regulator of tumor promoting macrophages in colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and is associated closely with inflammation before and after development. Macrophages participate in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancers. M1 macrophages contribute to colitis directly through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, and through activation of proinflammatory phenotypes in other cell types, including T cells. In cancer, both M1 and M2 cells participate in development and progression, through cytokine production, changes in cell signaling, and activation of T cells. We have identified mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) as a regulator of macrophages during inflammation-associated cancers. MK2 is a proinflammatory kinase that promotes the production of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. MK2 -/- mice show reduced levels of macrophages and macrophage-associated chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Most significantly, MK2 -/- mice do not develop neoplasms under an inflammatory model of CRC. Addition of MK2 +/+ macrophages to MK2 -/- mice increases macrophage-associated cytokines. In wild type mice, both cytokines and tumor burdens increase. This data supports the role of MK2 in macrophages during inflammation-associated CRC.
Myocardial dysfunction occurs prior to changes in ventricular geometry in mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Uremic cardiomyopathy is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms contributing to this complex phenotype are incompletely understood. Myocardial deformation analyses (ventricular strain) of patients with mild CKD have recently been reported to predict adverse clinical outcome. We aimed to determine if early myocardial dysfunction in a mouse model of CKD could be detected using ventricular strain analyses. CKD was induced in 5‐week‐old male 129X1/SvJ mice through partial nephrectomy (5/6Nx) with age‐matched mice undergoing bilateral sham surgeries serving as controls. Serial transthoracic echocardiography was performed over 16 weeks following induction of CKD. Invasive hemodynamic measurements were performed at 8 weeks. Gene expression and histology was performed on hearts at 8 and 16 weeks. CKD mice developed decreased longitudinal strain (−25 ± 4.2% vs. −29 ± 2.3%; P = 0.01) and diastolic dysfunction (E/A ratio 1.2 ± 0.15 vs. 1.9 ± 0.18; P < 0.001) compared to controls as early as 2 weeks following 5/6Nx. In contrast, ventricular hypertrophy was not apparent until 4 weeks. Hearts from CKD mice developed progressive fibrosis at 8 and 16 weeks with gene signatures suggestive of evolving heart failure with elevated expression of natriuretic peptides. Uremic cardiomyopathy in this model is characterized by early myocardial dysfunction which preceded observable changes in ventricular geometry. The model ultimately resulted in myocardial fibrosis and increased expression of natriuretic peptides suggestive of progressive heart failure.
CHIMPANZEE PREDATION AS A POSSIBLE FACTOR IN THE EVOLUTION OF RED COLOBUS MONKEY SOCIAL ORGANIZATION.

COLLIAS, N. E. 1943. Statistical analysis of factors which make for success in initial encounters between hens. Amer. Natur. 72:519538. GEIST, V. 1966. The evolution of horn-like organs. Behaviour 27:175-214. GUHL, A. M., AND L. L. ORTMAN. 1953. Visual patterns in the recognition of individuals among chickens. Condor 55:287-298. LACK, D. 1954. Natural regulation of animal numbers. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 343 P. MEWALDT, L. R., L. T. COWLEY, AND P. WON. 1973. California sparrows fail to return from displacement to Korea. Auk 90:857-861. ROHWER, S. 1975. The social significance of avian winter plumage variability. Evolution 29:593-610. TRIVERS, R. L. 1971. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Quart. Rev. Biol. 46:35-57. WILLIAMS, G. C. 1966. Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton. 307 p.
Observation and Quantification of Nanoscale Processes in Lithium Batteries by Operando Electrochemical (S)TEM

An operando electrochemical stage for the transmission electron microscope has been configured to form a "Li battery" that is used to quantify the electrochemical processes that occur at the anode during charge/discharge cycling. Of particular importance for these observations is the identification of an image contrast reversal that originates from solid Li being less dense than the surrounding liquid electrolyte and electrode surface. This contrast allows Li to be identified from Li-containing compounds that make up the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. By correlating images showing the sequence of Li electrodeposition and the evolution of the SEI layer with simultaneously acquired and calibrated cyclic voltammograms, electrodeposition, and electrolyte breakdown processes can be quantified directly on the nanoscale. This approach opens up intriguing new possibilities to rapidly visualize and test the electrochemical performance of a wide range of electrode/electrolyte combinations for next generation battery systems.
A Research on Fault Detection Diagnosis Technology for Sensor

The fault detection and diagnosis technology for the sensor is an integrated subject ,involving many applications. The sensor fault types are classified,a variety of sensor fault diagnosis methods are described,some methods are compared. Finally,the development trend of the current fault diagnosis is analyzed.
Simple strategy for sequencing cDNA clones

We describe a simple method for constructing subclones containing overlapping nested deletions from cDNA clones (both lambda phage clones and plasmid clones). A PCR-amplified insert is partially digested with 4-cutter restriction enzyme(s). Complete digestion of this DNA with two restriction enzymes, having unique cutting sites at one or the other end of the amplified DNA, creates two sets of overlapping nested subfragments. When recloned into each of two doubly cut pBluescript plasmid vectors, only the two sets of nested subfragments are produced. Minimal nested sets can be constructed by screening subclones using colony PCR, and this set can then be used to determine the entire sequence of the cDNA clone. This method requires only a single cloning step and can be generated from an insert that is amplified directly from a lambda phage clone. This procedure eliminates the sequencing redundancy problem inherent in shotgun cloning, allows large clones to be sequenced using universal primers only and is well-suited for automated DNA-sequencing. Using this method, we successfully sequenced five cDNA clones of five Drosophila subobscura genes.
Surveillance of Long-Term Metabolic Changes after Urinary Diversion

AbstractWe report a case of long-term ureterosigmoidostomy in which acid base balance was monitored by electrolyte survey and bone density measurements. The pathophysiology of bony changes and its assessment by a radionuclide method are discussed.
Photoperiodic regulation of behavior: peromyscus as a model system

Winter and summer present vastly different challenges to animals living outside of the tropics. To survive and reproduce, individuals must anticipate seasonal environmental changes and adjust physiology and behavior accordingly. Photoperiod (day length) offers a relatively 'noise free' environmental signal that non-tropical animals use to tell the time of year, and whether winter is approaching or receding. In some cases, photoperiodic signals may be fine-tuned by other proximate cues such as food availability or temperature. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is a primary physiological transducer of the photoperiodic signal. It tracks night length and provokes changes in physiology and behavior at appropriate times of the year. Because of their wide latitudinal distribution, Peromyscus has been well studied in the context of photoperiodic regulation of physiology and behavior. Here, we discuss how photoperiodic signals are transduced by pineal melatonin, how melatonin acts on target tissues, and subsequent consequences for behavior. Using a life-history paradigm involving trade-offs between the immune and reproductive systems, specific emphasis is placed on aggression, metabolism, and cognition. We discuss future directions including examining the effects of light pollution on photoperiodism, genetic manipulations to test the role of specific genes in the photoperiodic response, and using Peromyscus to test evolutionary theories of aging.
On Stabilization of an Unbalanced Lagrange Gyrostat

In this contribution we consider a chain of two coupled Lagrange gyrostats moving about a fixed point in a non-homogeneous gravitational field and show the existence of the following stabilization effect: for a gyrostat that is in its unstable equilibrium position, there is another gyrostat such that, when the two of them are coupled to form this chain, the rotation of the latter gyrostat can be used to stabilize the equilibrium of the former one. We establish and analyze stabilization conditions in the space of mechanical parameters characterizing the chain.
Relationship Strength in Business Relationships and its Role in Observed Relational Outcomes

Relationship marketing is not new in either business or consumer markets; however, our theoretical understanding of these relationships has grown since the early 1980’s when Berry (1983) and Dwyer, et al. (1987) focused academic attention on the potential they hold. This led to a clearer understanding that all business relationships are not the same, but differ in the degree of relationalism within the relationships. These differences in relational character may affect the level of joint outcomes achieved by each relational partner, as well as the organizational unit, according to recent research (Mohr and Nevin 1990; Varadarajan and Cunningham 1995). These preliminary findings suggest that we need a richer understanding of the critical differences between relationships, since theories developed and tested in the context of one type of relationship may not be equally valid in the context of a different type of relationship.
Experimental study of the heated contact line region for a pure fluid and binary fluid mixture in microgravity

Abstract Understanding the dynamics of phase change heat and mass transfer in the three-phase contact line region is a critical step toward improving the efficiency of phase change processes. Phase change becomes especially complicated when a fluid mixture is used. In this paper, a wickless heat pipe was operated on the International Space Station (ISS) to study the contact line dynamics of a pentane/isohexane mixture. Different interfacial regions were identified, compared, and studied. Using high resolution (50×), interference images, we calculated the curvature gradient of the liquid-vapor interface at the contact line region along the edges of the heat pipe. We found that the curvature gradient in the evaporation region increases with increasing heat flux magnitude and decreasing pentane concentration. The curvature gradient for the mixture case is larger than for the pure pentane case. The difference between the two cases increases as pentane concentration decreases. Our data showed that the curvature gradient profile within the evaporation section is separated into two regions with the boundary between the two corresponding to the location of a thick, liquid, “central drop” region at the point of maximum internal local heat flux. We found that the curvature gradients at the central drop and on the flat surfaces where condensation begins are one order of magnitude smaller than the gradients in the corner meniscus indicating the driving forces for fluid flow are much larger in the corners.
Differential Attention to Faces in Infant Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations with Later Social and Language Ability.

A growing body of literature has begun to explore social attention in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with hopes of identifying early differences that are associated with later ASD or other aspects of development. The present study used eye-tracking to familiar (mother) and unfamiliar (stranger) faces in two groups of 6-month-old infants: infants with no family history of ASD (low-risk controls; LRC), and infants at high risk for ASD (HRA), by virtue of having an older sibling with ASD. HRA infants were further characterized based on autism classification at 24 months or older as HRA- (HRA without an ASD outcome) or HRA+ (HRA with an ASD outcome). For time scanning faces overall, HRA+ and LRC showed similar patterns of attention, and this was significantly greater than in HRA-. When examining duration of time spent on eyes and mouth, all infants spent more time on eyes than mouth, but HRA+ showed the greatest amount of time looking at these regions, followed by LRC, then HR...
Does Redox Slip Contribute Significantly to Mitochondrial Respiration

Redox slip is an intrinsic leak of protons that occurs within the electron transport mechanisms, thereby causing oxygen consumption without proton pumping. Controversy continues to surround the mechanism of energy dissipation during resting respiration: does it result primarily from ion leak or from slip in the proton pump machinery?
Secreto y misterio en el giro trágico de "El caballero de Olmedo"

The fascination aroused by El caballero de Olmedo is due in part to the power of attraction of the secrets it contains. Some of them are easy to penetrate, others difficult, particularly for a modern public less aware of the «public secrets» (Taussig) of seventeenth century culture. Is the distance that separates Olmedo and Medina only a physical distance don Alonso has to traverse, or does it imply socio-cultural and political distance, ethno-religious difference, questions of wealth, class and political weight? Yet more intriguing are the supernatural mysteries that besiege Alonso. The structure of the drama is another mystery. In the middle of this «comi-tragedia» (Ruano), there is a political interlude (Fothergill-Payne) in which the king discusses habits for Calatrava and Alcantara, giving Alonso a habit, and of the attire Jews and Moors should wear to distinguish them from old Christians. Is this a way of evoking a «public secret» that traps those not aware of it? These are the questions I consider in this article.
Key Performance Indicators Reveal the Impact of Demulsifier Characteristics on Oil Sands Froth Treatment

Demulsification with ethylene oxide (EO)-propylene oxide (PO) block copolymers is a very effective technique for treating water-in-oil emulsions in the petroleum industry. In this work, two series (A and B) of EO-PO block copolymers were synthesized and studied. The demulsifiers were defined by their relative solubility number (RSN) and interfacial tension (IFT). The performance of demulsifiers was evaluated by measuring the percent water and solids contents in dilbit product and hydrocarbon (diluent/ bitumen) losses to the underflow. Demulsifiers from series B showed higher performance on dilbit dehydration and demineralization as compared to demulsifiers from series A. The higher dehydration, and demineralization efficiencies for series B demulsifiers were a result of the higher adsorption and lower IFT values at the oil/water interface. Demulsifiers from series B also showed higher hydrocarbon losses to the underflow. These higher hydrocarbon losses were associated with higher solids-removal efficienci...