cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FAR-INFRARED TRANSMISSION OF DIAMOND STRUCTURE SEMICONDUCTOR SINGLE CRYSTALS-SILICON AND GERMANIUM

The current research demonstrates the effectiveness of silicon as a transmissive material for use within the far infrared wavelength range of 20 to 160 microns. This study involves samples with a wide range of resistivities and temperatures including: n-type Si of 4000, 2000, 160, 65, 12, and 2.6 ohm-cm and p-type Si of 500 and 60 ohm-cm within a temperature range of -100°C to 250°C, as well as n-type Ge of 39, 25, 14.5, 5.0, 2.5, and 0.5 ohm-cm within a temperature range of -100°C to 100°C. Far infrared absorption mechanisms are briefly discussed. The experimental transmission data are used to discuss the interaction between absorption by lattice resonance and free carrier mechanisms. The effect of room temperature resistivity on silicon's far infrared transmission characteristics is shown. The primary free carrier scattering mechanism, at elevated temperature, is shown to be acoustic phonons. Highly resistive silicon is found to be an excellent transmissive material in the far infrared. These results may be used to develop silicon and germanium optical systems in the far infrared range.
Critical phenomena in fluid invasion of porous media.

We present a phase diagram for fluid invasion of porous media as a function of pressure P and the contact angle θ of the invading fluid. Increasing P leads to percolation above a critical θ c , and depinning below θ c . Depinning is characterized by a diverging coherence length and the power-law distribution of events typical of self-organized critical phenomena. At the transition from percolation to depinning another correlation length diverges and an order parameter, an effective macroscopic surface tension, becomes nonzero
Pick me!: link selection in expertise search results

Expertise locator systems have been designed to help find experts within organizations. While there are many examples of these systems in the literature, there has not been any systematic analysis of the factors that predict whether a particular expertise search result will be selected for further exploration. This paper describes a study of 67 employees from 21 countries that performed a specific expertise search to find an expert using an expertise locator system. Rank order and social connection information displayed in snippets of search results were found to significantly predict whether a user considers a particular search result for further exploration. Implications for the design of expertise location systems and future research directions are discussed.
The small-scale resistance spot welding of refractory alloy 50Mo-50Re thin sheet

This paper is a review of the recent studies of small-scale resistance spot welding (SSRSW) of a refractory alloy 50Mo-50Re thin sheet (0.127 mm thick). The effects of seven important welding parameters—hold time, electrode material, electrode shape, ramp time, weld current, electrode force, and weld time—were studied systematically in an attempt to optimize the welding quality. The diameter of a weld nugget was found to be only 30–40% of the electrode diameter in SSRSW. This was due to the relatively low electrode force used in SSRSW compared with the high electrode force employed in large-scale resistance spot welding (LSRSW) where the diameter of the nugget was almost 100% of the electrode diameter. Large pores often found in the nugget during SSRSW could result from shrinkage during solidification due to fast cooling or fromdue to agglomeration of residual volatile elements absorbed during powder metallurgy processing of the material.
Treatment of the Chiari malformation with bone decompression without durotomy in children and young adults.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to provide more information on alternative operative approaches to the treatment of symptomatic Chiari type I and/or type II malformations in children and young adults. Methods. All patients were treated with craniocervical decompression without durotomy or duroplasty. The cervical decompression was carried on to the lowest level of tonsillar herniation. Conclusions. In 22 patients with symptomatic Chiari type I (4) and/or Chiari type II (18) malformation, there was total improvement in 12, partial improvement in 7, and no change in 3. There was no operative morbidity or mortality. Craniocervical decompression without durotomy may be a suitable treatment modality for symptomatic Chiari malformation in children and young adults.
Growth inhibitory protein(s) in the 3T3 cell plasma membrane. Partial purification and dissociation of growth inhibitory events from inhibition of amino acid transport

It has been reported previously that a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from 3T3 cells arrests the growth of sparse 3T3 cells early in the G1 phase of growth (Whittenberger et al., '78, '79). Addition of membranes to sparse 3T3 cells also results in a decrease of the rate of transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Lieberman et al., '79). We have partially purified the growth-inhibitory proteins from plasma membrane of 3T3 cells. These growth-inhibitory proteins behave as intrinsic membrane proteins and do not require membrane lipids for activity. The partially purified proteins arrest cell growth without affecting the rate of alpha-aminoisobutyric transport; thus, inhibition of both transport and cell growth are not obligatorily coupled events.
Ultraviolet Imaging Polarimetry of the Peculiar Seyfert 2 Galaxy Markarian 477

We present the results of UV imaging polarimetry of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 477 taken by the Faint Object Camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From a previous HST UV image (λ ~ 2180 A), Mrk 477 has been known to have a pointlike bright UV hot spot in the central region, peculiar among nearby Seyfert 2 galaxies. There are also claims of UV/optical variability, unusual for a Seyfert 2 galaxy. Our data show that there is an off-nuclear scattering region ~06 (~500 pc) northeast from the hot spot. The data, after the subtraction of the instrumental effect due to this bright hot spot region, might indicate that the scattered light is also detected in the central 02 radius region and is extended to a very wide angle. The hot spot location is consistent with the symmetric center of the position angle pattern, which represents the location of the hidden nucleus, but our data do not provide a strong upper limit to the distance between the symmetric center and the hot spot. We have obtained a high spatial resolution color map of the continuum that shows that the nuclear spiral arm of 04 scale (~300 pc) is significantly bluer than the off-nuclear mirror and the hot spot region. The nature of the hot spot is briefly discussed.
Meta-Analysis of the Relationships Between Social Support and Well-Being in Children and Adolescents

Research has started to explore the associations between social support and well-being among children and adolescents, but the overall relationship is still unclear. This study explored: (1) the overall association between social support and well-being, (2) the association differences among categories of well-being, (3) the association differences among different types of social support measures, (4) the association differences among different support sources, and (5) whether the association between social support and well-being changed with participants' age. Two hundred forty-six studies were collected and analyzed, and the results indicated a positive but small association between social support and well-being. Additionally, moderator analyses indicated that social support was more strongly associated with self-concept, perceived support was more strongly associated with well-being, support from teachers and school personnel was more strongly associated with well-being, and the association between soci...
Factors influencing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of fish from a Lake Superior coastal wetland

The narrow fish nutrient ranges (C, 42.8-48.4%; N, 9.6-12.7%; P, 1.91-2.74%) in this study suggest that overall mean values are adequate for quantifying movement of C, N, or P as part of fish-media...
Titanium Oxide Nanotubes Doped for Use in a Visible-Light Biophotofuel Cell

Multiple metal and non-metal dopants were added to titanium oxide nanotubes to enhance the photosensitive behavior. Six elements including nitrogen, sulfur, zinc, copper, cobalt, and nickel were incorporated into titanium oxide as the dopants. The doped titanium oxide nanotubes were made into photosensitive anodes and placed in ethanol to form fuel cells. The open circuit voltage measurement results showed that after doping, all the specimens tested were allowed the absorption of visible light. However, the resulted in voltages were slightly less than of those obtained through ultraviolet light absorption tests. Among the transition metal doping elements and the non-metal elements, cobalt, nickel and zinc showed the most promise in improving the visible light absorption.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Adaptive regulation of discrete time system by switching control

Abstract Previous switching control results are extended to discrete time systems with output disturbance. It is shown that the computation required can be reduced significantly in the discrete time case by adding a new update loop in the control schemes.
Wellen's syndrome: an ominous EKG pattern.

Wellen's syndrome is a characteristic T-wave on an electrocardiogram during a pain-free period in a patient with intermittent chest pain. This finding suggests a high-degree stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery that will soon result in an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) if the patient is not urgently catheterized and the occlusion opened. This case report discusses a young male patient with no known cardiac disease with an EKG that demonstrates the classic Wellen's T-waves. He was urgently taken to cardiac catheterization and his 95% proximal LAD stenosis was reduced via drug-eluding stent. Through knowledge of Wellen's T-waves, more anterior wall MIs can be prevented.
Alternative mating strategies in a desert grasshopper: a transitional analysis

We describe between- and within-individual variation in signalling behaviour for a population of male Ligurotettix coquilletti in a North American desert. For each observation date individual males were categorized as actively-signalling or inactive by the amount and regularity of their stridulation and their signalling location. Few males were active or inactive on all dates they were observed. By comparing the behaviour of individuals on consecutive observation dates, we identified the primary ways that individuals changed between active signalling and inactive behaviour. Behavioural transitions were frequently associated with movement between bushes. Inactive males became active upon moving to a vacant bush, and lone active males often became inactive after moving to a bush containing other males. Male-male aggression (primarily chases involving no contact between the participants, or only very brief contact) had a pronounced, short-term effect upon the signalling behaviour of males that received an attack. Approximately 33% of these recipients that had been stridulating became silent immediately following the chase. However, chases did not markedly alter the behaviour of recipients on the following observation date. Recipients were no more likely to change from inactive to active behaviour than vice versa between the observation dates immediately preceding and following the day of the chase. Although the transition analysis failed to detect marked behavioural changes among recipients, analyses based on longer periods of time revealed that males observed to be recipients were more likely to display inactive behaviour and less likely to mate than males observed to be initiators of aggression.
Comparison of regime‐sorted tropical cloud profiles observed by CloudSat with GEOS5 analyses and two general circulation model simulations

[1] CloudSat observed tropical liquid and ice water content (L/IWC, Version 4) profiles are compared with GEOS5 analyses, NCAR-CAM3, and GFDL-AM2 simulations. Both the analyses and free-running general circulation models (GCMs) underestimate IWC in the upper troposphere, with the simulated ice water paths (IWPs) being 22% (GEOS5), 9% (CAM3), and 54% (AM2) of the CloudSat retrieval. For liquid clouds, GEOS5 produces the closest match to CloudSat, with a distinct peak in LWC around 1.5–2 km. CAM3 and AM2 generate liquid clouds in a broad vertical layer in the lower and middle troposphere, resulting in slightly higher column-integrated liquid water path (LWP) than CloudSat, despite the fact that their LWC in the boundary layer is only 60%–70% of CloudSat. The data assimilation model and two GCMs produce substantial middle-level clouds, more than the CloudSat retrieval. We sort the cloud profiles by midtropospheric vertical velocity (ω500), sea surface temperature (SST), and lower tropospheric stability (LTS). The high clouds in the models are concentrated in large-scale ascending, warm SST, and low LTS regimes, consistent with the CloudSat observation. The CAM3 and AM2 model-simulated middle-level clouds are strongly correlated with ω500 but less clustered in the domains of SST and LTS. For low clouds, both CloudSat and GOES5 analyses show the preferential distribution of low clouds in regions of large-scale subsidence, relatively cold SST (SST 15 K), while CAM3 and AM2 low clouds are strongly controlled by SST and LTS and only weakly correlated with ω500. Exclusion of precipitating scenes would reduce the tropical mean CloudSat LWP and IWP by 73% and 48%, respectively, which does not fully explain the model-data discrepancies.
Polymorphism and History of 2-Dimethylsufuranylidene-1,3-indanedione (YLID)

A second, centrosymmetric and monoclinic, form of 2-dimethylsufuranylidene-l,3-indanedione (YLID) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Theoretical computations suggest that the monoclinic polymorph is ∼2.77 kcal/mol less stable than the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic form. The molecular parameters of the monoclinic form, orthorhombic polymorph, and theoretically (DFT) optimized geometry of YLID in gas phase are in excellent agreement with each other. The two polymorphs are indefinitely stable in the 100−298 K temperature range, but their molecular packings have little in common. We do not believe an irreversible phase transition takes place upon cooling of the orthorhombic polymorph from 298 to 100 K. Spherically ground crystals of the orthorhombic form of YLID have been used as test crystals for diffractometer alignment and instrument testing by a major commercial diffractometry manufacturer since 1969. A statistical analysis of 223 complete room temperature data sets on orthorhombic YLI...
Russian Soldiers in the Late Twentieth Century

Abstract When Marshall Yazov initiated his quick and bloodless coup against the Soviet President in December 1991, the world witnessed a radical shift in civil-military relations. The Soviet penetration model constructed under the rubric of Stalin's totalitarian regime in the 1920s had survived over thirty years and helped build the Soviet Union into one of the world's two great superpowers. Yet this penetration model, as conceptualized by Eric Nordlinger, did not collapse as much as it evolved. Nordlinger correctly describes the early form and function of the penetration model but did not take into account changes in Soviet civil-military relations over time. Even today, well into the twenty-first century, the twelve-year old armed forces of the Russian Federation struggle to maintain a corporate identity, mission and resources in a time of both economic and political uncertainty. Russia's military faces a position of inferiority in relation to its former Cold War adversaries as well as internal conflict...
Characterization of Energy-Dependent Ca2+ Transport in Maize Mitochondria

Experimental conditions which optimize both substrate- and ATP-dependent Ca(2+) transport in corn (Zea mays) mitochondria have been determined. It has been found that a substrate (pyruvate + succinate) dependent, Pi independent, binding of Ca(2+) occurs. This reaction is very rapid and complete in less than 30 seconds. For massive accumulation of calcium, Pi is essential. Phosphate is accumulated along with the calcium and the ratio of Ca:Pi accumulated is about 1.6:1 indicating the precipitation of hydroxyapatite inside the mitochondria.The activation energies and Michaelis constants for both the substrate- and ATP-driven reactions have been determined. It has also been shown that the substrate-driven system is more efficient in Ca(2+) accumulation than the ATP-driven system. This is partially due to the fact that Mg(2+) is essential for the ATP-driven system but not for the substrate-driven system and that Mg(2+) acts as a strong competitor of Ca(2+) transport. The effect of other inorganic ions on Ca(2+) transport energized by both substrate and ATP were examined.The results lend support to the hypothesis that high energy intermediates of oxidative phosphorylation participate directly in Ca(2+) binding and transport in plant mitochondria.
Managerial autonomy, fringe benefits, and ownership structure: A comparative study of Chinese state and collective enterprises

Abstract This paper presents a property rights analysis about the provision of fringe benefits and the dilemma of managerial autonomy in Chinese industrial enterprises. According to this analysis, because of the ownership differences, the state-owned enterprises may be less efficient in industrial production than the collective enterprises if controlling for economies of scale and the use of fringe benefits. These predictions have been confirmed by the evidence from an econometric production function analysis of the cross-city data of Chinese industrial enterprises in 1985 and 1987. Controlling for economies of scale and current investment in fringe benefits, the state-owned enterprises have not only lower output elasticities of capital and labor but also lower total factor productivity than the collective enterprises. The estimated gaps of the Total Factor Productivity adjusted for economies of scale are 34.8% in 1987 and 23.7% in 1985. During the period from 1985 to 1987, the state sector also maintained a stagnant TFP growth and low allocative efficiency while the collective sector achieved a rapid growth of TFP and high allocative efficiency. The paper suggests that for the state-owned enterprises, the limited partial reforms toward a market-oriented economy have given root to other problems such as the inefficient expansion of fringe benefits and have accomplished little in the late years of the decade-long reforms. However, the reforms have facilitated the development of collectively owned enterprises which demonstrated much greater efficiency than the stateowned enterprises in this period.
Multi-stage programming with explicit annotations

We introduce MetaML, a statically-typed multi-stage programming language extending Nielson and Nielson's two stage notation to an arbitrary number of stages. MetaML extends previous work by introducing four distinct staging annotations which generalize those published previously [25, 12, 7, 6]We give a static semantics in which type checking is done once and for all before the first stage, and a dynamic semantics which introduces a new concept of cross-stage persistence, which requires that variables available in any stage are also available in all future stages.We illustrate that staging is a manual form of binding time analysis. We explain why, even in the presence of automatic binding time analysis, explicit annotations are useful, especially for programs with more than two stages.A thesis of this paper is that multi-stage languages are useful as programming languages in their own right, and should support features that make it possible for programmers to write staged computations without significantly changing their normal programming style. To illustrate this we provide a simple three stage example, and an extended two-stage example elaborating a number of practical issues.
Bus Transit Service Optimization - The State-of-the-Art, State-of-the-Practice, and Challenges

Transit network design is concerned with laying out transit routes, designing headways, and determining a transit network schedule. A transit route network optimization process attempts to find the route network structure with the minimum number of transfers, maximum ridership coverage, reasonable route directness, minimum access and egress times, minimum waiting and travel times, and minimum operating cost. One of the main difficulties faced by transit network optimization processes is combinatorial intractability. While research has made headways in the area of computing, the problem remains a challenging one. This paper provides a review of some methods that have been proposed to solve large-scale transit network optimization problems. The paper further explores the nature of transit service optimization problems in a large context and discusses the challenges and post research questions given the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice.
Verifying and Mining Frequent Patterns from Large Windows over Data Streams

Mining frequent itemsets from data streams has proved to be very difficult because of computational complexity and the need for real-time response. In this paper, we introduce a novel verification algorithm which we then use to improve the performance of monitoring and mining tasks for association rules. Thus, we propose a frequent itemset mining method for sliding windows, which is faster than the state-of-the-art methods - in fact, its running time that is nearly constant with respect to the window size entails the mining of much larger windows than it was possible before. The performance of other frequent itemset mining methods (including those on static data) can be improved likewise, by replacing their counting methods (e.g., those using hash trees) by our verification algorithm.
Predicting the Risk of Low Back Disorders due to Manual Handling Tasks

Work related low back disorders (LBDs) due to manual material handling (MMH) tasks have long been recognized as one of the main occupational disabling injury that affects the quality of life of the industrial working population in the U.S. One of the efforts to comprehend the nature and phenomenon of LBDs due to MMH tasks was undertaken by Marras [18]. Based on multiple experiments they created a seminal data set and used it to build logistic regression models to identify significant variables and classify manual lifting tasks into high risk and low risk with respect to LBDs. Since then a number of studies have used the same data set to build and test various classification models. This paper analyzes the previous studies and employs the same data set to build and test seven classification methods. Though the performances of our best models are better than those reported in National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOHS) Guides and two of our previous studies, they are generally less optimistic than those reported in several other studies, this paper proposes a more systematic and reliable approach to creating and validating classifiers to distinguish between low and high risk manual lifting jobs that contribute to LBDs.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings in marginal zone B cell lymphoma

Marginal zone B cell lymphomas (MZBCLs) represent a category of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which may arise in a wide variety of extranodal organs where they are termed low grade B cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). MZBCLs may involve primarily lymph nodes and or spleen where they are designated monocytoid B cell lymphoma or splenic marginal zone lymphoma, respectively. Recognition of this category of lymphoma, in particular, extranodal MALT lymphoma, is clinically significant in determining optimal therapy. Although there have been recent case reports describing the cytologic findings in low grade MALT lymphoma in various extranodal organs, this category of lymphoma has not been widely recognized or discussed in the cytology literature. The cytologic findings in seven fine-needle aspirations and two bronchial washings of histologically confirmed marginal zone lymphoma (five extranodal MALT lymphomas and four nodal marginal zone lymphomas) are described. In all of the cases, the cytologic specimens showed a polymorphous proliferation comprising a predominant population of intermediate sized lymphoid cells with centrocyte-like or monocytoid features, transformed cells, and variable numbers of plasma cells. These findings, while highly suggestive of MALT lymphoma in extranodal proliferations, may be more difficult to distinguish from reactive conditions in lymph nodes.
Formation of a Rotor Tip Vortex

The origin of the tip vortex is described and important properties, such as core radius and circulation, as a functionoftheseparameters,arecalculated.Despitethefactthatalargeamountofcomputationalandexperimental work on the rotor wake has been published, little of a quantitative nature is known about the origin of the main component of the rotor wake, the tip vortex, as a function of the rotor speed, rotor blade geometry, and angle of attack. Experimental data by several workers have revealed little dependence on the Reynolds number. This lack of dependence on Reynolds number will hold only if the e ow remains substantially unseparated, although it may be noted that drag coefe cients of bluff bodies are remarkably constant over wide range of Reynolds number. The rotor blade is assumed to be of large aspect ratio, that is, to leading order in the blade aspect ratio, it appears ine nite in length. In this limit case, the analytical solution for the bound circulation on a e xed wing is shown to be extendable to the rotary wing case when the blade is viewed as a lifting line. Lifting-surface results are obtained also, and these compare well with the lifting-line results for the bound circulation.
Uniplanar hybrid couplers using asymmetrical coplanar striplines

This paper presents four new uniplanar 3-dB hybrid couplers using asymmetrical coplanar strips (ACPSs) for microwave integrated circuit (MIC) and monolithic MIC (MMIC) applications. Experimental results show that the standard (1.5 /spl lambda//sub g/ circumference) uniplanar 180/spl deg/ hybrid-ring coupler has 3.5/spl plusmn/ 0.4 dB coupling, greater than 21-dB isolation, and greater than 23.4-dB return loss over a 25% bandwidth centered at 3 GHz. The 180/spl deg/ reverse-phase hybrid-ring coupler (1.0 /spl lambda//sub g/ circumference) provides better performance as compared to conventional microstrip hybrid couplers. This circuit has a bandwidth of more than one octave from 2 to 4 GHz with /spl plusmn/0.4-dB power dividing imbalance and /spl plusmn/4/spl deg/ phase imbalance. The 180/spl deg/ reduced-size reverse-phase hybrid-ring coupler (0.8 /spl lambda//sub g/ circumference) maintains the performance of the 180/spl deg/ reverse-phase hybrid coupler with the advantage of smaller size. This circuit also has a bandwidth of more than one octave from 2 to 4 GHz with /spl plusmn/0.3-dB power dividing imbalance and /spl plusmn/3.1/spl deg/ phase imbalance. A new 90/spl deg/ 3-dB branch-line hybrid coupler is also introduced. Experimental results show the insertion loss of this component to be 0.5 dB at 3 GHz, and also greater than 15.3-dB isolation and 17.1-dB return loss over a 10% bandwidth centered at 3 GHz. The circuits were designed and simulated with Sonnet electromagnetic-circuit solver software. The measured results agree well with the simulations.
Adaptive combination of cancelling co-channel interference and decoding of error-correcting codes for DS-SS CDMA mobile communication system

This paper introduces an adaptive cascaded combination of cancelling co-channel interference (CCI) and decoding of error-correcting codes for a DS-SS CDMA mobile communication system. The analysis of a previous study by Shaheen and Gupta (see IEEE IPCCC Proceedings, Phoenix, Arizona, March 1995) indicated that conventional CCI cancellation techniques might not be as effective, especially for heavily loaded mobile communication systems. This paper extends this work by incorporating integrated filtering and decoding techniques. The extended system is evaluated under the same extreme interference conditions where the receiver is subjected to intersymbol interference (ISI), multi-access interference (MAI), and co-code CCI (CCCCI) generated within the mother cell and from the neighboring cells. Theoretical and simulation results are developed to evaluate the proposed system performance using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) versus number of interfering users from within the cell and from the surrounding cells, and the normalized mean square error (MSE) in parameters estimation.
Social settings and addiction relapse

Despite addiction theorists' acknowledgment of the impact of environmental factors on relapse, researchers have not adequately investigated these influences. Ninety-six substance users provided data regarding their perceived risk for relapse, exposure to substances, and involvement in reinforcing activities. These three setting attributes were assessed in their home, work, and community settings. Reuse was assessed 3 months later. When controlling for confounding variables, aspects of the home settings significantly distinguished abstainers from reusers; perceived risk for relapse was the strongest predictor of reuse. Exposure to substances and involvement in reinforcing activities were not robust reuse indicators. The work and community settings were not significant determinants of reuse. These findings offer some initial support for the utility of examining social settings to better understand addiction relapse and recovery. Identification of setting-based relapse determinants provides concrete targets for relapse prevention interventions.
Theoretical calculations of H2O linewidths and pressure shifts: Comparison of the Anderson theory with quantum many-body theory for N2 and air-broadened lines

Abstract Comparisons of theoretical predictions for line-widths and pressure shifts of water vapor transitions broadened by N 2 or air are presented using the Anderson-Tsao-Curnutte (ATC) theory of pressure broadening and a more recent formalism derived by using quantum many-body techniques. The theoretical predictions are also compared to available experimental results, including 110 measurements of half widths, and eight measured ν 2 -band line shifts. The standard ATC theory for multipole interactions is generalized to yield second-order pressure shifts. It is also shown that a scaling transformation from the momentum transfer variable to the impact parameter variable converts the quantum theory to a form very similar to the ATC equations. The essential modification is to replace the ATC resonance functions ⨍( k ), F ( k ) by new functions g ( k ), G ( k ), which, however, have a very different shape. In particular, g ( k ) is a Gaussian, which results from the simultaneous constraints of a Boltzmann distribution of velocities, coupled with strict momentum and energy conservation in the collision processes. The implication is that highly non-resonant collisions, i.e. collisions involving large inelasticities, are given much less weight in the quantum-derived formalism. The results are analyzed for both high and low J transitions, including the behavior of the anomalously narrow lines measured by Eng and others at high J , and the theoretical dependence of such transitions on the parameter b min used in the earlier calculations of Benedict and Kaplan. Limited comparisons are made for individual level shifts, and for the temperature dependence of the half width Some specific suggestions for additional experimental studies are also offered.
Maternal Breastfeeding Attitudes: Association with Breastfeeding Intent and Socio-demographics Among Urban Primiparas

Breastfeeding is associated with improved developmental and social outcomes for an infant. Despite these health benefits, only 54% of women breastfeed in the early postpartum period. Although an understanding of socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding intent, and breastfeeding attitudes can facilitate breastfeeding initiatives, these factors have not been characterized particularly for urban and immigrant mothers. The objectives of this study are to provide a descriptive analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding intent, and breastfeeding attitudes of primiparas presenting to an inner city prenatal clinic and determine if breastfeeding attitudes are associated with breastfeeding intent and socio-demographic variables. Of 100 primiparas, 79 reported the intent to breastfeed. Breastfeeding intent was associated with 1) positive breastfeeding attitudes, 2) higher household incomes, 3) being born outside the US, 4) being Afro-Caribbean as opposed to African American, 5) having family, peer, and partner support for breastfeeding, 6) attending breastfeeding classes, and 7) greater years of education. These findings suggest that targeting breastfeeding initiatives towards low-income, less educated, US born mothers who lack breastfeeding support from their loved ones may improve breastfeeding rates among urban primiparas.
The Reaction of Wood Pulp with α,β-Amic Acids Part II: Synthesis and Characterization of Possible Spinnable Derivatives

In this study, liquid anhydrous ammonia has been used as a pre-swelling treatment for wood pulp and as a solvent for the reactants. With the single-step reactions, slightly more crosslinking resulted when the reactant was applied from liquid ammonia than from aqueous media. The multiple bake reactions, however, resulted in higher total degree of substitution (DS) values on the order of 1.0 and greater, but also in disproportionately more crosslinking. Degradation was minimal by the use of aqueous ammonium succinamate from single pad bake reactions, resulting in an average DP of 331. This is compared to the multiple pad-bake reactions with aqueous ammonium succinamate and with suc cinic anhydride in liquid ammonia media, which resulted in very low DP values ranging from 155 to 200. Discoloration of the derivatives accompanied the increases in DS and reductions in DP.Some cellulose derivatives appear to have been dissolved in concentrations to 4% (w/v) in 10 to 13% aqueous sodium hydroxide at 5.5°C and up t...
Clinical comparisons of posturography and electronystagmography

A retrospective study was conducted of 103 balance-disturbed patients of mixed etiologies tested with electronystagmography (ENG) and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). CDP was abnormal for 83% of the group as compared to 42% abnormal ENG results. In cases of otolithic dysfunction, ENG was more sensitive and gave specific information. Results of this preliminary study indicate that CDP has merit when used in the evaluation of patients with undifferentiated balance complaints. ENG testing is still needed in cases of vestibular dysfunction to establish anatomic level and laterality as well as for lesions involving the otolith. Additional study will be needed to verify these findings and to develop a means of detecting otolith dysfunction with CDP
Lysozyme levels and macrophage content of tumor tissue in C3H mice bearing fibrosarcoma transplants treated by radiation and Corynebacterium parvum

Abstract Serum levels of lysozyme (SL) were measured in C3H mice bearing early generation isotransplants of a methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma (FSa) and of a spontaneous mammary carcinoma (MCa). SL increased with growth of FSa beyond 1000 mm 3 ; in MCa mice, SL was independent of tumor volume. SL could not predict control probability for the FSa after treatment by irradiation or intravenous Corynebacterium parvum . The macrophage content of FSa decreased as tumors reached massive size; few macrophages were found in FSa growing in immunosuppressed hosts and in MCa in normal hosts. The administration of C. parvum did not substantially increase the macrophage infiltration of either FSa or MCa. The concentration of lysozyme per unit tumor volume increased slightly with progressive growth of the FSa, was low in FSa in immunosuppressed hosts and increased slightly in FSa mice given C. parvum . Macrophage content and TL of 8 mm diameter FSa did not predict control probability after treatment with irradiation or C. parvum. Moderate differences in macrophage content of immunogenic FSa may reflect degrees of efficiency of host response, but such differences are insufficient to serve as prognostic indicators. Macrophage content of tumors and TL may be of value in identifying weakly immunogenic tumors or hosts which mount only a feeble response.
Student-Designed Mapping Project as Part of a Geology Field Camp

ABSTRACT During the summer of 2012, the Louisiana State University (LSU) field camp program was affected by close proximity to the large Waldo Canyon Fire in Colorado Springs, CO, as well as by a fire incident on the field camp property. A mapping exercise was created that incorporated spatial data acquired on the LSU property to investigate research questions that were developed by the students. The ownership of the design, implementation, and reporting of the project from start to finish generated strong personal interest from the students and led to enhanced academic performance. Four of the six student groups that conducted this exercise chose to investigate questions related to wildfire on the property. The influence of the events of the summer was strong in shaping their interest and project design. Furthermore, the connection to the wildfire events and the camp property itself strengthened the interest level of the students and the sense of ownership of the projects. While the specific events of th...
Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Obesity and Choroidal Nevus in US Adults.

PURPOSE To investigate sex differences and the effect of other variables on the association between obesity and choroidal nevus in the US adult population. METHODS The study population of this cross-sectional study included 5575 subjects aged ≥40 years from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who underwent retinal imaging. Primary predictor variables were body mass index (BMI) when the subject was 25 years old ("former BMI") and BMI at time of NHANES participation ("current BMI"). Body mass index was classified "elevated" (≥25 kg/m2) versus "normal" (<25 kg/m2). The main outcome measure was choroidal nevus in either eye on retinal imaging. Subgroup analysis was stratified by sex and race. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 56.4 years, with 47.3% male and 52.7% female subjects. The prevalence of choroidal nevus was 4.7% overall. Former elevated BMI was associated with choroidal nevus in the overall population (odds ratio [OR]: 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.71, P = 0.01) and males (OR: 1.43, CI: 1.03-1.99, P = 0.03). Current elevated BMI was associated with choroidal nevus in the overall population (OR: 1.37, CI: 1.02-1.85, P = 0.04); females (OR: 1.72, CI: 1.11-2.68, P = 0.02), and postmenopausal females (OR: 1.94, CI: 1.23-3.06, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Choroidal nevus is associated with former and current obesity. Sex and postmenopausal status differences in this association could provide insight into the demographics of patients at risk for developing choroidal nevus.
Static Window Transition Graphs for Android (T)

This work develops a static analysis to create a model of the behavior of an Android application's GUI. We propose the window transition graph (WTG), a model representing the possible GUI window sequences and their associated events and callbacks. A key component and contribution of our work is the careful modeling of the stack of currently-active windows, the changes to this stack, and the effects of callbacks related to these changes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of this important static analysis problem for Android. We develop novel analysis algorithms for WTG construction and traversal, based on this modeling of the window stack. We also describe an application of the WTG for GUI test generation, using path traversals. The evaluation of the proposed algorithms indicates their effectiveness and practicality.
Preliminary observations of frog filariasis in New Jersey.

New Jersey bullfrogs, Rana catesheiana, were found to be heavily infested with filarial worms of the genus Foleyella Seurat 1917. A technique was devised to rapidly screen amphibians for the infection. The results of a state-wide survey are presented and a possible life cycle is suggested. Preliminary transmission studies indicated the mosquito, Culex territans, to be a natural vector.
Dorothy Molloy's gurlesque poetics

This article locates the critically-acclaimed Irish poet Dorothy Molloy within the field of the “Gurlesque.” The poetry of the Gurlesque – a camped-up performance of femininity, lush with verbal music and kitsch imagery that mixes the carnival atmosphere of early burlesque with a disturbingly violent sexuality – has sparked debate since Arielle Greenburg and Lara Glenum coined the term in their 2010 anthology of American poets. Molloy produces a version specific to contemporary Ireland, a society disentangling itself from the structures and institutions of the Catholic Church. She deploys the double vision of the Gurlesque to create spectacular, moving, and darkly funny evocations of the complexity of individuals’ relationships to religion in this changing society.
Cutting planes for improved global logic-based outer-approximation for the synthesis of process networks

Abstract In this work, we present an improved global logic-based outer-approximation method (GLBOA) for the solution of nonconvex generalized disjunctive programs (GDP). The GLBOA allows the solution of nonconvex GDP models, and is particularly useful for optimizing the synthesis of process networks, which yields MINLP models that can be highly nonconvex. However, in many cases the NLP that results from fixing the discrete decisions is much simpler to solve than the original problem. The proposed method exploits this property. Two enhancements to the basic GLBOA are presented. The first enhancement seeks to obtain feasible solutions faster by dividing the basic algorithm into two stages. The first stage seeks to find feasible solutions faster by restricting the solution time of the problems and diversifying the search. The second stage guarantees the convergence by solving the original algorithm. The second enhancement seeks to tighten the lower bound of the algorithm by the use of cutting planes. The proposed method for obtaining cutting planes, the main contribution of this work, is a separation problem based on the convex hull of the feasible region of a subset of the constraints. Results and comparison with other global solvers show that the enhancements improve the performance of the algorithm, and that it is more effective in the tested problems at finding near optimal solutions compared to general-purpose global solvers.
Makeshift technology: water and politics in 19th-century Philadelphia.

C ontemporary observers of the late 19th-century American scene were blunt in their condemnation of the state of urban infrastructures. George E. Waring, Jr., a leading municipal engineer, described the sewers of New York and Boston as "reservoirs of liquid filth, ever oozing through the defective joints, and polluting the very earth upon which the city stands."it Commentators on urban technological systems included even so august a personage as William Dean Howells, a former editor of the Atlantic Monthly and doyen of American letters. A transplanted Midwesterner, by 1894, when he published his utopian novel, The Traveler from Altruria, Howells had lived in Chicago, New York, and Boston. In this story about a visitor from a recently-discovered country, and in other essays, Howells went further than most engineers, however, when he linked technological chaos with civic ineptitude and economic inequality. The Altrurian expressed Howells' sense of the contradictions inherent in the industrial city, where the "appearance of enterprise and activity" obscured the gulf between
Temperatures for Storing Pupae and Adults of the Pink Bollworm

When mass-reared adult Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) were held at 15.6°C with or without food for 1, 3, or 6 days, both sexes showed a trend to increased longevity with increased exposure. When similar insects were held at 10, females showed the same trend, but male survival tended to decrease with increased exposure. Also, mating, fecundity, and fertility were adversely affected by a 6-day exposure to 10. Exposure of 5- to 7-day-old mass-reared pupae to 10, though it completely inhibited adult emergence, affected the insect adversely if it lasted longer than 1 day. Exposure of these pupae to 15.6°C for more than 1 day resulted in appreciable emergence during exposure, and the fecundity of females was reduced if exposure lasted 7 days.
The Impact of Adaptive Seiling on Sales Effectiveness Within the Pharmaceutical Industry

This research confirmed the presence of a positive relationship between buyer decision framing and supplier choice. This research also confirmed that there is a positive relationship between career stages and buyer decision framing but was unable to support past research claims that there is a significant positive relationship between presentation form and buyer decision framing. Finally, this research found that contrary to popular belief, buying situations (new buy, etc.) have no significant impact on buyer decision framing.
Realistic randomized water surface generation for computational electromagnetics

Traditionally, an infinite ground plane is used to represent the water surface for analysis of antennas installed on ships or otherwise situated over water. While this is sufficient for some scenarios, we have found the need for more accuracy in representing short-range propagation close to a water surface. In this paper, we generate randomized, realistic water surfaces and use these in CEM simulations.
Epidemic Situation and Control Strategy of STD in Deyang City From 1991 to 2007

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of sexually transmitted disease(STD)in Deyang City,so as to draw up a valid comprehensive prevention and cure strategy.Method The epidemiology data of the STD in the period of 1991-2007 was analysed.Result Since the first report of the STD in 1986 in Deyang City,the epidemic situation revealed the rise trend and up to the top in 1998,with an incidence rate of 108.04/105.After 1999,the epidemic situation dropped gradually.From 1991 to 2007,a total of 33450 STD cases were reported with an average annual incidence of 52.70%105.Gonorrhea was the most(52.52%),followed by pointed condulome(36.37 %).Till the end of 2007,125 cases of HIV was found since the first case was discovered in 1995.The incidence of syphilis had presented the fast up-trend after 2004.Gender percentage of cases was 1.34∶1(male:female).The cases focused on 20-40 years of age,and accounted for 74.48%.Most of the STD cases were workers and farmers,accounted for 52.30%.High school educational background persons accounted for 57.71%.Conclusion In Deyang City,gonorrhea shows a downward trend and in opposite syphilis is turning rise quickly.We should focus on monitoring the syphilis development at the same time of prevention and cure of the STD.