cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zero-temperature phases of many-atom Bose systems.

We show that a many-atom Bose system at zero temperature has, in general, a liquid phase in addition to its well-known gaseous phase. A universal phase diagram is presented that is applicable to all Bose systems with a -C{sub 6}/r{sup 6} type of interaction at large interparticle separations. We show that the predicted phase structure has implications on the stability of a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) even at dilute densities that are routinely achieved under existing experimental conditions. We also predict that {sup 4}He should have a gaseous BEC phase below a critical density of 5.58x10{sup 15} 1/cm{sup 3}.
Wideband direct conversion hybrid LCP millimeter-wave 4/spl times/ subharmonic mixer for gigabit wireless module

In this paper, we describe the realization of highly integrated system-on-package (SOP) millimeter wave module on liquid crystal polymer (LCP). LCP provides an organic, low-cost, low dielectric constant platform suitable for mm-wave passive design and packaging. Here we firstly demonstrate 40GHz planar bandpass filter and RF/baseband duplexer as building blocks of the integrated module. /spl sim/3dB insertion loss and >6GHz RF bandwidth with >30dB isolation between the baseband and RF outputs has been achieved in the measurement. Finally, we present a 40GHz direct conversion hybrid anti parallel diode (APDP) based 4/spl times/ subharmonic mixer utilizing these building blocks towards system implementation. The mixer has a measured conversion loss of 16dB with >2GHz two-sided bandwidth suitable for gigabit wireless data transmission. A back-to-back up-down conversion block utilizing two 4/spl times/ mixers has been implemented for the system characterization. Hence we present a hybrid passive mixing solution for multi-gigabit wireless transmission on LCP towards very low-cost, compact mm-wave module.
Brief cognitive screening of right hemisphere stroke: Relation to functional outcome

Abstract Objectives: Traditional mental status screens have limited sensitivity in detection of focal brain damage and are particularly insensitive to right hemisphere stroke (RHS). Addition of a simple measure of constructional ability, clock drawing, should enhance the sensitivity of the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) in RHS. The relation between the 3MS-clock drawing screen and functional outcome in RHS was also examined. Design: Logistic regression analysis (Study 1) with cross validation on an independent sample (Study 2). Setting: Inpatient medical rehabilitation. Patients: Study 1: 32 acute RHS patients (mean age 75.2yrs) and 35 age- and education-matched healthy controls. Study 2 (cross-validation): 32 acute RHS patients (mean age 72.8yrs) and 36 matched healthy controls. Outcome Measures: 3MS, clock drawing, and Functional Independence Measure scores. Results: The 3MS-clock screen accurately distinguished RHS patients from controls. The clock drawing was a valuable and unique addition to the 3MS. RHS patients who were impaired on the 3MS-clock drawing screen had significantly worse FIM scores at discharge than RHS patients who were not impaired on the cognitive screen. Conclusion: Clinicians can enhance the sensitivity of their brief mental status examination of RHS patients, in addition to obtaining useful prognostic information, by including a clock drawing task in their screen.
Obesity and cultural weight valuations: a Puerto Rican case.

This article reports findings derived from a study concerning the relationship between cultural weight valuations and the incidence of obesity, as medically defined, in a sample of 213 migrants drawn from a Puerto Rican community. Subjective weight classifications were quantified by a photograph test and by self-ratings. The results illustrated the disparity between cultural and medical definitions of obesity. The wide normative weight range observed may foster a laissez-faire attitude about weight gain and/or control which is conducive to the development of the high rate of obesity which was found within the sample.
Multidimensional Scoring in Aphasia Testing

To overcome the limitations of aphasia tests employed in the past, this study attempted to develop a scoring method which would consider the five dimensions of response and would sensitively quanti...
The relationship between serum triiodothyronine and thyrotropin during systemic illness.

The reported failure of serum TSH to rise inresponse to the low serum T3 ofsevere systemic illness may bedue to the known stress inhibition of TSH secretion. We thereforemeasured TSH and total and free thyroid hormones duringthe course of recovery from severe illness. During recovery, TSHincreased at a time when T3 was rising but still below normal(mean TSH during recovery, 6.5 ± 0.8 SEM eU/ml, n = 41vs. normal, 2. ± 0.2 SEM ±U/ml; n=31; P <0.001) TSH concentrationswere negatively correlated with total and free T3 andle s. r. strongly correlated with total T4 but notwith free T4. Average TSHconcentrations were also significantly elevated inseverely ill patients with hypothermi that was unrelated to coldexposure (mean TSH, 5.6 ± 1.3 ±U/ml; n = 11; P < 0.005). TheT3 concentrations in these sera were lower than those of otherseverely ill patient. Thus,during recovery from severe illness and during hypothermianot induced by cold, the relationship between serum T3and TSH is qualitatively similar to that seen i...
Influences of Teacher-Child Social Interactions on English Language Development in a Head Start Classroom.

Increasing numbers of Spanish-speaking preschool children require attention to improve the likelihood of success in school. This study, part of a larger 2-year ethnographic study of a Head Start classroom, elaborates the role of teachers’ interactions with students who were learning English. Using an interactional ethnography approach, the authors focus on the social nature of these interactions. The study illuminates the kinds of teacher interactions with students that support and hinder the students’ language learning. It reinforces the importance of student engagement in social interactions with teachers and with English other than codes of obedience and authority. Finally, it recommends actions teachers can take to provide optimal circumstances for English learning interactions for students.
983-31 A New Coronary Artery Autoperfusion Dilatation Catheter

Standard coronary balloon angioplasty (SBA) is limited by the development of myocardial ischemia during balloon inflation. We describe a new autoperfusion dilatation catheter (GAP catheter) where blood flow occurs around the angioplasty balloon. Arterial morphology changes following GAP angioplasty were assessed in a swine atherosclerotic plaque model and compared to SBA (N = 5). In order to assess coronary flow and the development of significant ischemia during GAP angioplasty, arterial pressure (BP). heart rate (HR), ECG and distal average peak coronary artery flow velocity(APV) (Doppler flow wire, Cardiometrics, Inc.) were determined in 7 dogs during 15 seconds of SBA and 60 minutes of continuous GAP angioplasty in 12 vessel segments, using 3.0–3.5 mm balloons, inflated to 6 atmospheres pressure. Distal flow dropped to zero during SBA in all animals. Results during GAP angioplasty are as follows: Minutes of Perfusion Angioplasty with GAP 5 10 20 40 60 HR * 103 ± 4 101 ± 5 103 ± 5 98 ± 5 100 ± 4 Systolic BP * 96 ± 7 97 ± 7 98 ± 7 103 ± 6 101 ± 6 APV * 69 ± 7 71 ± 8 76 ± 7 83 ± 8 76 ± 7 * data expressed as percent of baseline There were no arrhythmias during GAP angioplasty. Similar morphologic changes in the dilated plaque occurred following GAP and SBA. Conclusions Hemodynamic stability and maintenance of distal coronary flow velocity between 69% and 83% of baseline occur during a 60 minute inflation with a new autoperfusion angioplasty catheter. The absence of arrhythmias and stable hemodynamics suggest that significant ischemia during angioplasty is prevented with this new device. Histopathologic analysis following GAP angioplasty shows no differences compared to SBA. The GAP design can be adapted to any standard balloon catheter.
Sirolimus therapy in orthotopic liver transplant recipients with calcineurin inhibitor related chronic renal insufficiency.

Calcineurin inhibitor-related renal toxicity affects patient and graft survival in transplant recipients. Our clinical experience has revealed sirolimus to be an effective agent in treating renal insufficiency related to calcineurin inhibitor toxicity.
Shear properties of polyimide adhesives at various temperatures

Abstract In composite material structures, one of the primary limitations in minimising structural weight is the joining of various structural components. In composite structures joining is largely limited to employing adhesive bonding 1 or mechanical fasteners, 2 such as bolts or rivets, or possibly a combination of the two. Since mechanical fastening requires intermittent load paths, resulting in large stress concentrations, as well as the cutting of fibres to make the necessary holes, adhesive bonding is considered far more desirable for joining composite structural components to either other composite or metallic structural components. Concerning various adhesive systems, in order to design, analyse and optimise bonded structures 3–13 it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of the adhesives in both shear and tension. Furthermore, it is necessary to know these properties for each temperature and moisture level to which the structure will be subjected, because the adhesives today are polymeric, and therefore subjected to ‘hygrothermal’ effects, i.e. the deleterious effects of combined high moisture and high temperature. 8,10,11 Unfortunately, not many of the moderate temperature adhesives, which are mostly epoxies, have been characterised. However, a few dozen have been characterised to some extent. 11–13,15,16 One of the reasons for this lack of material property data is the lack of standardization of a suitable shear and tension test-piece configuration. However, more and more, the thick adherend shear test specimen is being accepted as the means to obtain shear properties because of the constancy of the shear across most of the length of the joint in this test configuration. 11–13,15,16
Characteristics of drivers and driving record after traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury

Abstract Objective: To determine whether individuals with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke (cerebrovascular accident [Cva]) have an increased risk of subsequent motor vehicle crash or moving violation. Design: A retrospective study comparing the driving records of four cohorts hospitalized with TBI, CVA, isolated extremity fractures (FX), and appendicitis (APPY) with the records of four age-matched, gender-matched, and zip code-matched nonhospitalized cohorts. Setting: Eligible drivers in the state of Washington, 1991 to 1993. Participants/Methods: Four cohorts hospitalized in 1992 with TBI, CVA, FX, or APPY were identified from Washington state hospital discharge data. The state driver's license database identified patients with driver's licenses. Each hospitalized cohort was compared with its own age-matched, gender-matched, and zip code-matched nonhospitalized cohort. Main Outcome Measures: Crashes and citations for moving violations 12 months after hospitalization adjusted for age, gender, and prior driving record. Results: The relative risks (RRs) of any subsequent crash or receipt of citation were not greater for those with either CVA or TBI than for nonhospitalized individuals, nor were the risks of experiencing two or more of these events in the 12 months after hospitalization significantly elevated. After adjustment for prior driving record, modest elevations were observed only for the risks of subsequent driving violation among those with TBI (RR = 1.3, 1.0–1.7) and among patients with FX (RR = 1.2, 1.1–1.4). Conclusions: The results do not support the hypothesis that individuals who have sustained a brain injury are at increased risk of motor vehicle crashes. Although patients with TBI were more likely to subsequently receive citations than nonhospitalized individuals, a similar increase was observed among patients without brain injury who had FX, suggesting an inability to completely control for driver characteristics that may be related to risk-taking behavior and that are also associated with an increased risk of driving violation.
Neural Representation of Space Using Sinusoidal Arrays

O''Keefe (1991) has proposed that spatial information in rats might be represented as phasors: phase and amplitude of a sine wave encoding angle and distance to a landmark. We describe computer simulations showing that operations on phasors can be efficiently realized by arrays of spiking neurons that re-code the temporal dimension of the sine wave spatially. Some cells in motor and parietal cortex exhibit response properties compatible with this proposal.
Dysfunctional memory CD8+ T cells after priming in the absence of the cell cycle regulator E2F4

The transcriptional repressor E2F4 is important for cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation in epithelial cells, neuronal cells and adipocytes but its role in T lymphocytes proliferation and memory formation is not known. Herein, we investigated the function of E2F4 protein for the formation of functional murine memory T cells. Murine transgenic CD8+ T cells were infected in vitro with lentivirus vector expressing a shRNA targeted against E2F4 followed by in vitro stimulation with SIINFEKL antigenic peptide. For in vivo assays, transduced cells were injected into congenic mice which were then infected with HSV-OVA. The primary response, memory formation and secondary stimulation were determined for CD8+ lentivirus transduced cells. In the absence of E2F4 cell cycle repressor, activated CD8+ T cells underwent intensive proliferation in vitro and in vivo. These cells had the ability to differentiate into memory cells in vivo, but they were defective in recall proliferation. We show that transient suppression of E2F4 during CD8+ T cell priming enhances primary proliferation and has a negative effect on secondary stimulation. These findings demonstrate that the cell cycle repressor E2F4 is essential for the formation of functional memory T cells. A decrease in CD8+ T-lymphocyte compartment would diminish our capacity to control viral infections.
Emergency Ultrasound-assisted Examination of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Objectives To evaluate the test characteristics of clinical examination (CE) with the addition of bedside emergency ultrasound (CE+EUS) compared to CE alone in determining skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) that require drainage in pediatric patients.
Role of dopamine storage function in the control of rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity.

Pretreatment of rats with reserpine prevents and post-treatment with RO4-1284 depletes the γ-butyrolactone (GBL)-induced increase of striatal dopamine (DA) levels. This suggests that the accumulation of DA in striatal nerve endings that normally follows GBL-induced cessation of nigrostriatal impulse flow is in reserpine-sensitive sites. Three days after a single injection of reserpine, the ability of either haloperidol, a DA receptor blocker, or GBL to enhance DA synthesis is greatly reduced and these responses recover slowly over a two week period. Similarly, the ability of haloperidol to elevate striatal DA metabolite concentrations shows a similar pattern of inhibition. The rate of recovery after reserpine of haloperidol effects on DA metabolite concentrations and the activation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (measured in vivo by the 30 min l-DOPA accumulation after decarboxylase inhibition with NSD-1015) after either haloperidol or GBL parallels the rate of recovery of basal DA levels. The accumulation of DA after GBL proceeds for 60 min before beginning to plateau in normal rats, but 3 days after reserpine the DA elevation stops after 15 min and lasts for only 30 min in 10 day reserpinized animals. The initial 15 min accumulation of DA after GBL is the same in normal, 3 day and 10 day reserpinized rats, indicating that the initial enzymic rate of activity is the same, but the duration of activation is less. Thus, inhibition of DA storage function by reserpine alters the coupling of DA autoreceptor activity with tyrosine hydroxylase activity. It is suggested that DA storage function modulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity by controlling the amount of DA available for attachment to and inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme. This hypothesis is consistent with recent immunocytochemical observations which suggest an association of tyrosine hydroxylase with synaptic vesicles in DA neuronal terminal areas.
Frequency-agile kilohertz repetition-rate optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate.

We report kilohertz repetition-rate pulse-to-pulse wavelength tuning from 3.22 to 3.7 ?m in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric oscillator (OPO).?Rapid tuning over 400 cm-1 with random wavelength accessibility is achieved by rotation of the pump beam angle by no more than 24??mrad in the PPLN crystal by use of an acousto-optic beam deflector. Over the entire tuning range, a near-transform-limited OPO bandwidth can be obtained by means of injection seeding with a single-frequency 1.5??m laser diode. The frequency agility, high repetition rate, and narrow bandwidth of this mid-IR PPLN OPO make it well suited as a lidar transmitter source.
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANT MARE SERUM ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN MAN

THE PATIENT A.R., age 32, was referred by a local urologist because of sterility. The wife had been examined by a gynecologist and appeared to be normal in every way. The couple hadbeen married 6 years and had not used contracep-tive measures for 5 years. Marital relations werenormal except for a tendency to premature ejaculations at times on the part of the patient. The past history included chicken pox, whooping cough and measles. At 10 he had mumps bilaterally but stated that there was no orchitis at that time. No history of venereal infection could beelicited. At the time of the initial examination he felt in good health except that he tired easily and had difficulty in getting to sleep. On physical examination he was found to be a tall slender but well nourished young man and there were no signs or symptoms of systemic disease.
Skin Shade Stratification and the Psychological Cost of Unemployment: Is there a Gradient for Black Females?

The purpose of this paper is to formally evaluate whether the deleterious impact of unemployment on mental health increases as skin shade darkens for black women in the U.S. Using data drawn from the National Survey of American Life, we find strong evidence of a gradient on depression between skin shade and unemployment for black women. These findings are consistent with the premises of the emerging field of stratification economics. Moreover, the findings are robust to various definitions of skin shade. Unemployed black women with darker complexions are significantly more likely to suffer their first onset of depression than unemployed black females with lighter skin shade. While in some cases, lighter skinned black women appeared not to suffer adverse effects of unemployment compared to their employed counterparts, persons with dark complexions did not enjoy the same degree of protection from poor mental health.
BREAST-FEEDING IMPROVES PHYSIOLOGIC STATES OF EXTREMELY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT(ELBW) INFANTS (≤800 gms). † 598

BREAST-FEEDING IMPROVES PHYSIOLOGIC STATES OF EXTREMELY-LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT(ELBW) INFANTS (≤800 gms). † 598
Medicaid managed care in Texas. What have we learned from the pilots

Texas has a planforstatewide implementation of Medicaid managed care by 2001. This article presents evidence from initial demonstration projects, which were implemented in 1993. The Ist-year experience is described and preliminary effects are examined in terms of reactions of clients and providers and changes in utilization patterns and costs of care. Results of the evaluation indicate implementation difficulties with several operational aspects of managed care, variable effects in terms of client and provider reaction to the reform, and little or no change in utilization patterns, but significant cost-savings to the state. Because of the implementation difficulties identified by the evaluation and the mixed results regarding effects, further research is recommended to determine the potential benefit of this reform.
Red cell storage

Blood component storage allows the donor and recipient to be separated in time and space. This separation converts transfusion from a desperate clinical act into a planned, orderly healthcare logistic activity with concomitant increases in both blood product availability and safety. However, storage has the potential to reduce the efficacy of transfused blood components by reducing their flow, functional capacity, and survival. Storage time also allows the accumulation of leaked potassium from red cells and the growth of contaminating bacteria. Many different aspects of the red cell storage lesion have been described, including changes in metabolism, shape, and rheology changes, loss of membrane carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and alterations in secretion, oxygen delivery, and adhesion. What has been harder to show is that these known changes have significant clinical effects. Therefore, regulatory decisions about product storage have been conservative, and largely based on historic patterns of use. The increasing power of proteomics and metabolomics offers the potential of deeper understanding of blood function and storage and of better clinical products in the future.
Epilepsy associated with lupus anticoagulant

Abstract Introduction: Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is commonly present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who present with an ischemic cerebral stroke. Reports have noted the presence of LA in patients with epilepsy who do not have SLE. These patients are usually elderly, and it has been postulated that their epilepsy is due to subclinical ischemic infarcts. Methods: Two cases are presented in young patients (age Results: A 28-year-old woman was admitted for aortic insufficiency and new onset seizures. The clinical history, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal an antecedent cortical ischemic event. Serological testing revealed the presence of LA. The second patient was a 33-year-old man with medically intractable epilepsy in whom serological testing revealed the presence of LA. The clinical history, physical examination, and MRI did not reveal any evidence of an antecedent ischemic event. Neither patient had SLE. Conclusions: In young patients without SLE and cerebral infarcts, LA may be associated with epileptic seizures.
Seasonal Migration and Homing of Channel Catfish in the Lower Wisconsin River, Wisconsin

Abstract A multiyear tag and recapture study was conducted to determine whether channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were migratory and if they had strong homing tendencies. Over 10,000 channel catfish were tagged from the lower Wisconsin River and adjacent waters of the upper Mississippi River during the 3-year sampling period. Data on movements were obtained from study recaptures and through tag returns and harvest information provided by sport anglers and commercial fishers. Channel catfish occupied relatively small home ranges during summer, migrated downstream to the upper Mississippi River in autumn, then migrated back up the Wisconsin River in spring to spawn and to occupy the same summer home sites they had used in previous summers. Fish size was a factor in the degree of fidelity to summer home sites, with larger fish showing greater fidelity.
On Routh approximation

Pole-zero cancellations in the higher order systems can affect the approximation accuracy of lower order Routh models. A modification of the Routh approximation method can avoid the problem created by pole-zero cancellations.
Conversation Stations : Promoting Language Development in Young Children

Conversations are a primary tool for language development in preschool classrooms. Unfortunately, opportunities to have meaningful conversations between children and adults may not exist in preschool classrooms, especially those that serve children from high poverty contexts. Conversation Stations were implemented in preschool classrooms to ensure that high quality, consistent conversation would occur. In a Conversation Station, children have the opportunity to talk, to get feedback on their language, and to have appropriate language modeled for them. The Conversation Station can be used as an effective activity to promote language and vocabulary development in preschool classrooms. Using Conversation Stations allows for language development to be systematically included in everyday experiences in the classroom.
Human simulations of vocabulary learning.

Abstract The work reported here experimentally investigates a striking generalization about vocabulary acquisition: Noun learning is superior to verb learning in the earliest moments of child language development. The dominant explanation of this phenomenon in the literature invokes differing conceptual requirements for items in these lexical categories: Verbs are cognitively more complex than nouns and so their acquisition must await certain mental developments in the infant. In the present work, we investigate an alternative hypothesis; namely, that it is the information requirements of verb learning, not the conceptual requirements, that crucially determine the acquisition order. Efficient verb learning requires access to structural features of the exposure language and thus cannot take place until a scaffolding of noun knowledge enables the acquisition of clause-level syntax. More generally, we experimentally investigate the hypothesis that vocabulary acquisition takes place via an incremental constraint-satisfaction procedure that bootstraps itself into successively more sophisticated linguistic representations which, in turn, enable new kinds of vocabulary learning. If the experimental subjects were young children, it would be difficult to distinguish between this information-centered hypothesis and the conceptual change hypothesis. Therefore the experimental “learners” are adults. The items to be “acquired” in the experiments were the 24 most frequent nouns and 24 most frequent verbs from a sample of maternal speech to 18–24-month-old infants. The various experiments ask about the kinds of information that will support identification of these words as they occur in mother-to-child discourse. Both the proportion correctly identified and the type of word that is identifiable changes significantly as a function of information type. We discuss these results as consistent with the incremental construction of a highly lexicalized grammar by cognitively and pragmatically sophisticated human infants, but inconsistent with a procedure in which lexical acquisition is independent of and antecedent to syntax acquisition.
Recognizing and Preparing Loss Estimates from Cyber-Attacks

Abstract Today, no business or organization that is connected to the Internet can assume it is safe from a cyber-attack or a criminal act against its network by employees or others. When such attacks occur, businesses need to assess the amount of the loss from the crime. Without basic knowledge of loss valuation techniques, it is difficult to collect the necessary information needed to complete a loss valuation or determine how to prevent post-attack activities from increasing the losses.
Experimental Investigation of Reservoir Stress Path Hysteresis During Production-Injection Periods

There has been an increasing consciousness regarding stress changes associated with reservoir depletion as the industry moves towards more challenging jobs in deep-water or depleted reservoirs. These stress changes play a significant role in the design of wells in this condition. Therefore, accurate prediction of reservoir stress path, i.e., change in horizontal stresses with pore pressure, is of vital importance.In this study, the current stress path formulation is investigated using a Tri-axial Rock Mechanics Testing Facility. The reservoir depletion scenario is simulated through experiments and provides a better perspective on the currently used formulation and how it’s applicable during production and injection periods. The effect of fluid re-injection into reservoirs on the horizontal stress is also analyzed using core samples. According to the results, formation fracture pressure would not be equal to its initial value if pressure builds up using re-injection. The irrecoverable formation fracture pressure has a power law relation with pore pressure drawdown range. In order to avoid higher permanent fracture pressure reduction, it’s recommended to start the injection process as soon as possible during the production life of reservoirs. According to the experimental results, rocks behave differently during production and injection periods. Poisson’s ratio is greater during pressure build-up as compared to the depletion period. According to the current industry standards, Poisson’s ratio is usually obtained using fracturing data; i.e., leak-off test or mini-fracture test, or well logging methods. However, we are not able to use the same Poisson’s ratio for both pressure drawdown and build-up scenarios according to the experimental data. Corresponding to Poisson’s ratio values, the change in horizontal stress with pore pressure during drawdown (production) is higher than during build-up (injection) period. The outcomes of this study can significantly contribute to well planning and design of challenging wells over the life of reservoirs.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
High-performance liquid chromatographi determination of ferulic acid in wheat milling fractions as a measure of bran contamination☆

Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for selective determination of ferulic acid in 7 min in the extracts from wheat flour and ground whole wheat at typical levels of 50 and 500 μg/g, respectively. Recovery of 99.9% was obtained when ferulic acid was extracted into dilute sulfuric acid, followed by enzymatic treatment of the extract with an α-amylase preparation. The chromatographic system included a 100-mm column packed with Hypersil 5 μm reversed-phase ODS operating isocratically with 12% methanol-citrate buffer (pH 5.4) mixture. The selectivity and sensitivity of both ultraviolet diode array and fluorescence detectors was investigated. The optimum wavelengths selected were 320 nm and 312 nm/418 nm respectively. Relative standard deviations of the anlytical procedure were 2.43% and 5.10% for whole wheat and flour samples, respectively.
Ancient DNA analysis of Fremont Amerindians of the Great Salt Lake Wetlands.

Skeletal remains of 47 individuals from the Great Salt Lake Wetlands, affiliated principally with Bear River (A.D. 400—1000) and Levee Phase (A.D. 1000—1350) Fremont cultural elements, were assessed for four mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers that, in particular association, define four haplogroups (A, B, C, and D) widely shared among contemporary Amerindians groups. The most striking result is the absence of haplogroup A in this Fremont series, despite its predominance in contemporary Amerindian groups. Additionally, haplogroup B, defined by the presence of a 9bp deletion in region V, is present at the moderately high frequency of 60%. Haplogroups C and D are present at low frequencies. An additional haplotype, "N, observed in some modern populations and two other prehistoric samples, is also present in this Fremont skeletal collection. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analysis and function of organic matrix from sea urchin tests

The organic matrix from sea urchin tests was extracted using 2% acetic acid. This material contained 81–85% protein, 14–19% carbohydrate, and < 1% phosphate. The whole matrix was separated into aqueous soluble and insoluble fractions to determine their individual characteristics and functional activities. Electrophoresis of the soluble matrix (SM) resulted in a single band of approximately 170kD. The SM was capable of inhibiting in vitro CaCO3 precipitation (at nanomolar concentrations) in solutions supersaturated with Ca2+ and CO32-. It was also capable of inhibiting CaCO3 spicule formation in sea urchin larvae at 10 μg SM per ml of larvae as measured by 14C incorporation. The insoluble matrix (IM) fraction had a higher protein content than the SM component and a lower PO4 content. That the SM from urchin tests is capable of inhibiting both in vitro crystallization and organismal calcification lends credence to its probable role as a mineralization regulator. What role it plays in vivo can only be surmised at this point, and whether or not this role is the same when it acts in conjunction with other components of matrix is unknown.
Shear rheology of carbon nanotube suspensions

The shear rheology of carbon nanotube suspensions is reviewed from the perspective of colloid and polymer science. In the semi-dilute to concentrated regimes, the nature of the equilibrium or quiescent state is often dominated by nanotube entanglement and strong attractive inter-particle interactions that favor the formation of a disordered network or gel. The strength of this network with respect to the applied stress dictates the development of mesoscale structural anisotropy, first through a global yield stress and then through a critical stress for homogenization. For concentrated suspensions, the nematic liquid-crystalline order anticipated for high-aspect-ratio rigid rods has been observed in a few select scenarios. The opportunity for deeper theoretical insight is emphasized and intuitive physical arguments are offered that might serve as a foundation for future study.
Is memory for music special

Although psychologists since Hermann Ebbinghaus have studied memory, research in this area has focused on visual and verbal stimuli with little attention paid to music. This bias is surprising because of the ubiquity of music in human cultures across history as well as current cultural beliefs that memory for music is "special." This paper examines the question of whether memory for music is special by addressing two related questions: First, do cultural beliefs about the mnemonic power of music stand up to empirical test? Second, can theories designed to explain memory for non-musical stimuli be applied to musical stimuli? A review of the literature suggests that music is special in some circumstances but not others and that some theories designed to explain cognitive processing of linguistic stimuli apply reasonably well to musical stimuli. Thus, although the question of whether memory for music is special remains open, the unique structure of musical stimuli strongly suggests that memory for music is indeed special.
Parallel discrete event simulation: a shared memory approach

With traditional event list techniques, evaluating a detailed discrete event simulation model can often require hours or even days of computation time. Parallel simulation mimics the interacting servers and queues of a real system by assigning each simulated entity to a processor. By eliminating the event list and maintaining only sufficient synchronization to insure causality, parallel simulation can potentially provide speedups that are linear in the number of processors. A set of shared memory experiments is presented using the Chandy-Misra distributed simulation algorithm to simulate networks of queues. Parameters include queueing network topology and routing probabilities, number of processors, and assignment of network nodes to processors. These experiments show that Chandy-Misra distributed simulation is a questionable alternative to sequential simulation of most queueing network models.
NEURAL-EPITHELIAL INTERACTIONS IN SENSORY RECEPTORS

The specific types of relationships that exist between sensory nerve fibers arid the associated epithelial cells have been reviewed in a variety of sensory systems. In many sensory systems, perhaps most, specificity of terminal epithelial element provides a degree of specificity to the cytologic pattern of the terminal receptor. We can see examples of such interaction, not only in the case of intraepithelial nerve fibers where nerves tend to be associated with Merkel cells, but also in the case of corpuscular receptors, both of these being examples of mechanosensory systems. Equivalent types of specificity are present within the special senses, where a specific receptor cell can be described. These findings strongly suggest that specificity in the peripheral nervous system is the rule rather than the exception, a thesis proposed over a hundred years ago by F. Merkel.
A simple method to account for edge shape in the conductor loss in microstrip

A technique has been developed to examine the effect of strip edge shape on conductor loss in planar transmission lines using a modified incremental inductance rule. Based on L. Lewin's (1984) and L.A. Vainshteins's and S.M. Zhurav's (1986) zero-thickness strip perturbation in loss calculations, the method requires an expression for the infinitely thin strip inductance as well as prescribed integration stopping points for the different strip shapes. Results comparing losses for different edge shapes in a microstrip system are given, using this method and the Lewin/Vainshtein and Zhurav technique. The differing results of some other published analytical and numerical loss methods based on the surface impedance boundary condition are compared. >
Resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni.

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. While mortality is low, morbidity imparted by post-infectious sequelae such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, Reiter syndrome/reactive arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome is significant. In addition, the economic cost is high due to lost productivity. Food animals, particularly poultry, are the main reservoirs of C. jejuni. The over-use of antibiotics in the human population and in animal husbandry has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant infections, particularly with fluoroquinolones. This is problematic because C. jejuni gastroenteritis is clinically indistinguishable from that caused by other bacterial pathogens, and such illnesses are usually treated empirically with fluoroquinolones. Since C. jejuni is naturally transformable, acquisition of additional genes imparting antibiotic resistance is likely. Therefore, an understanding of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in C. jejuni is needed to provide proper therapy both to the veterinary and human populations.
A general class of linearly extrapolated variance estimators

Abstract A general class of linearly extrapolated variance estimators was developed as an extension of the conventional leave-one-out jackknife variance estimator. In the context of U-statistic variance estimation, the proposed variance estimator is first-order unbiased. After showing the equivalence between the Hoeffding decomposition (Hoeffding, 1948) and the ANOVA decomposition (Efron and Stein, 1981), we study the bias property of the proposed variance estimator in comparison to the conventional jackknife method. Simulation studies indicate that the proposal has comparable performance to the jackknife method when assessing the variance of the sample variance in various distributions. An application to half-sampling cross-validation indicates that the proposal is more computationally efficient and shows better performance than its jackknife counterpart in the context of regression analysis.
Urinary amino acids, creatinine and phosphate in muscular dystrophy.

Abstract 1. 1. A study has been made on urinary levels of creatinine, phosphate, glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, valine, leucine, taurine, citrulline, and arginine in a group of young males with muscular dystrophy and a group of young normal males. 2. 2. Threonine, valine, leucine, arginine, and taurine levels in urine have been found to be higher in muscular dystrophy. 3. 3. Creatinine and phosphate have been found to be excreted in smaller quantities in muscular dystrophy. 4. 4. Intra- and inter-individual differences seem to occur in the excretion of all substances studied. The intra-individual variations are almost never as wide as the inter-individual variations. 5. 5. It is proposed that a dietary supplement containing vitamins E, B 12 and folic acid, the sulfur amino acids, arginine, and glycine, with or without other factors, be tested for its efficacy in alleviating the metabolic difficulties in muscular dystrophy.
Effects of surfactants on the permeability of canine oral mucosa in vitro

Abstract The effect of 3 cationic, 1 anionic, and 1 non-ionic surfactant on the permeability of oral frenulum removed from anesthetized dogs was determined in vitro. Permeability to 12 organic compounds was measured in the presence and absence of surfactant. Cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride and sodium lauryl sulfate, at concentrations from 0.025–1.0% caused dose-related increases in permeability to each of the solutes tested, whereas polysorbate 80 caused an increase in permeability to only 3 solutes, and this occurred only at the highest surfactant concentration employed.
Chondrogenic differentiation of murine C3H10T1/2 multipotential mesenchymal cells: I. Stimulation by bone morphogenetic protein-2 in high-density micromass cultures.

Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells is generally thought to be initiated by the inductive action of specific growth factors and depends on intimate cell-cell interactions. In this study, we have used multipotential murine C3H10T1/2 cells to analyze the effect and mechanism of action of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on chondrogenesis. C3H10T1/2 cells have been previously shown to undergo multiple differentiation pathways. While chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, myogenesis and adipogenesis have been observed, chondrocytes appear significantly less frequently than the other cell types, and the appearance of chondrocytes exclusive of the other cell types has not been observed. We report here that the appearance of chondrocytes in C3H10T1/2 cells is markedly enhanced as a result of culture under conditions favorable for chondrogenesis, i.e. plating as high-density micromass and treatment with BMP-2. Such cultures contain chondrocyte-like cells, elaborate an Alcian blue stained cartilage-like matrix, express link protein and type II collagen, both cartilage matrix markers, and show increased [35S]sulfate incorporation. The appearance of Alcian blue positive material and increased sulfate incorporation are dependent on the dose of BMP-2, culture time, and cell plating density of the micromass cultures. Differentiation of cells within the micromass was specific to the chondrogenic lineage, as alkaline phosphatase staining revealed only faint staining in the micromass at the highest BMP-2 concentration. The importance of enhanced cell-cell interaction in the chondroinductive effects of BMP-2 on high-density C3H10T1/2 cultures was further implicated by the additional promotion of chondrogenesis in the presence of the polycationic compound, poly-l-lysine, which has been previously reported to enhance cellular interactions and chondrogenesis in embryonic limb mesenchymal cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that chondrogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells is inducible by BMP-2 and requires cell-cell interaction.
Investigating the influence of roughness length for heat transport (zoh) on the performance of SEBAL in semi-arid irrigated and dryland agricultural systems

Summary Satellite-based thermal infrared remote sensing has greatly contributed to the development and improvement of remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (RS-ET) mapping algorithms. Radiometric temperature (Ts) derived from thermal sensors is inherently different from the aerodynamic temperature (To) required for solving the bulk formulation of sensible heat (H). The scalar roughness length (zoh) representing heat transport mechanism and described by the dimensionless parameter kB−1 was used to account for the discrepancy between Ts and To. Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), with its indigenous approach of linearly relating dT (near-surface temperature gradient) with Ts across the imagery, maintained that this approach would absorb the impacts of differences between Ts and To. Therefore, it utilized a constant kB−1 value of 2.3 in its initial version, and later switched to a constant zoh (z1) value of 0.1. In this study, we investigated the influence of these changes in SEBAL by testing four different approaches: (i) zoh derived from a constant kB−1 of 2.3, (ii) constant zoh (z1) = 0.1 m, (iii) constant zoh (z1) = 0.01 m, and (iv) spatially variable zoh from kB−1 parameterization. SEBAL was applied on 10 high-resolution airborne images acquired during BEAREX07-08 (Bushland Evapotranspiration and Agricultural Remote Sensing Experiment) and validated against measurements from four large weighing lysimeters installed on two irrigated and two dryland fields. The spatially variable kB−1 produced statistically different and improved ET estimates compared to that with constant kB−1 and constant z1 (zoh) approaches. SEBAL performance for irrigated fields representing high ET and complete ground cover surfaces was markedly different from that for dryland fields representing greater soil water deficits with sparser vegetation cover. A variable kB−1 value derived from a physical model generated good overall estimates while delivering improved performance for dryland agricultural systems. Overall, this study focused on the classical problem of estimating heat transfer from two contrasting hydrological regimes i.e. irrigated and dryland agriculture and illustrated the existing need for a realistic consideration of excess resistance to heat transfer in single-source resistance modeling frameworks.
Microbial Inhibition by Erythrosin

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA INHIBITION DE MICROBIOS PER ERYTHROSINA.-Erythrosina, un substantia colorante que es includite in oblatas detectori usate in le cavitate oral possede cognoscitemente le capacitate de inhibir certe microorganismos. Viste que le spectro del microorganismos sensibile pro erythrosina non es cognoscite, un studio esseva interprendite pro clarificar iste question. Esseva usate 16 microorganismos de occurrentia satis corn mun. Le responsas esseva evalutate a base de experimentos con solutiones del oblatas e etiam de specimens de colorante pur. Le technicas del tests de sensibilitate esseva illos de uso costumari. Le resultatos monstrava que certe bacterios gram-positive esseva sensibile pro erythrosina durante que bacterios gram-negative e saccharomycetes esseva resistente. Le effecto pare esser bacteriostatic plus tosto que bacteriocidal.
The effect of aerodynamic interference on the dynamic response of prismatic structures

Abstract The interference and proximity effects on the dynamic response of prismatic bluff bodies are investigated in a series of wind tunnel tests. The results show that the presence of a single, or a pair of upstream prisms of the same size can increase the interaction factor. The effects are more pronounced in a boundary layer flow with a lower level of turbulence, especially near the reduced velocity of 5. The measurements in the wake of the upstream prism suggest that in a boundary layer flow with low turbulence the wake has well-correlated fluctuations that cause adverse load effects on the downstream prism. The strength of these wake fluctuations is dampened by addition of incident turbulence. The study suggests that the mutual interference and proximity effects on the dynamics of tall buildings would be more pronounced for a group of tall buildings in coastal areas exposed to the oceanfront, followed by suburban locations and, to a lesser degree, urban areas.