cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase-scrambled RF excitation for 3D volume-selective multislice NMR imaging.

An RF excitation technique with which one can improve the effective dynamic range of the receiver and reduce the interference between slices for 3D volume-selective multislice MRI is described. The basic idea of the technique is to use phase scrambling in conjunction with slice encoding through the use of RF pulses. The spins in each slice are encoded by RF pulses which have the scrambled as well as slice-encoded phase components along the slice-selection direction. The scrambled, or randomly distributed, phase reduces the peak signal intensity, thereby reducing the dynamic range of the signal. Since the proposed technique utilizes RF slice encoding together with phase scrambling, interslice image interference is greatly reduced and the dynamic range is improved. In addition, the method has several advantages such as a reduction in the power requirement for the RF pulses and the elimination of the necessity for hardware such as nonlinear gradient coils.© 1992 Academic Press,Inc.
End-of-life care: Legal and ethical considerations

Objective: To prepare the oncology nurse, under the Patient Self-Determination Act, to analyze and discuss legal and ethical issues that may arise in the clinical area when end-of-life decisions are made. Data Sources: Nursing textbooks, scholarly articles, court cases, and internet publications. Conclusions: The dying patient has the right to die with dignity, respect, and the right treatment choices. Implications for Nursing Practice: Nurses need to understand how to implement the Patient Self-Determination Act regarding living wills, do not resuscitate orders, euthanasia, and whether or not to use feeding tubes.
Kinetic Analysis Reveals the Fate of a MicroRNA following Target Regulation in Mammalian Cells

Considerable details about microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and regulation have been uncovered, but little is known about the fate of the miRNA subsequent to target regulation. To gain insight into this process, we carried out kinetic analysis of a miRNA's turnover following termination of its biogenesis and during regulation of a target that is not subject to Ago2-mediated catalytic cleavage. By quantitating the number of molecules of the miRNA and its target in steady state and in the course of its decay, we found that each miRNA molecule was able to regulate at least two target transcripts, providing in vivo evidence that the miRNA is not irreversibly sequestered with its target and that the nonslicing pathway of miRNA regulation is multiple-turnover. Using deep sequencing, we further show that miRNA recycling is limited by target regulation, which promotes posttranscriptional modifications to the 3' end of the miRNA and accelerates the miRNA's rate of decay. These studies provide new insight into the efficiency of miRNA regulation that help to explain how a miRNA can regulate a vast number of transcripts and that identify one of the mechanisms that impart specificity to miRNA decay in mammalian cells.
Determination of fluoride in ultrafiltrates of sera

Abstract A method has been described for the determination of the ionic fluoride content of ultrafiltrates of sera. The ultrafiltrates are easily obtained and can be satisfactorily analyzed with the fluoride-ion electrode to provide an accurate determination of ionic fluoride. The technique provides an indirect method for determining the ultrafiltrable nonionic fluoride when the total ultrafiltrable fluoride is known. The results can be related to the concentration of fluoride in the original sera on the basis of the water content of the sera. Evidence was presented that a large part of the fluoride in sera is ultrafiltrable and bound but not to the protein of molecular weights of 25,000 or greater nor to metallic cations.
Liability of foreignness in global competition? financial service affiliates in the City of London

This study was inspired by the observation that foreign financial service firms operating in the City of London do not suffer the liability of foreignness to the extent suggested by theory. To examine the reasons for this departure from theory, the study advances a theoretical framework that distinguishes between three types of advantages that together account for the competitive performance of MNEs relative to that of indigenous firms. Empirical analyses of a sample of 296 foreign financial service firms in the City of London show that in this particular context major sources of competitive performance are the firm-specific advantages and the advantages of multinationality, where British firms may not necessarily possess an advantage over foreign firms. An examination of the validity of the findings, in order to assess the extent to which this situation is unique to the City of London or rather signifies a more general trend that requires theoretical modifications and extensions, is emphasized as a major task for future research. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structure of sperm from Panulirus, the spiny lobster, with special regard to the acrosome

The fine structure of mature sperm from the spiny lobster (Panulirus) has been examined. Each sperm comprises a nucleus, lamellar region, and acrosome. The nucleus (Feulgen-positive region) contains uncondensed chromatin and is limited by a nuclear envelope. A variable number of spikes extend from the nucleus. The spikes are lined by evaginated nuclear envelope and are packed with microtubules, which span the nucleus proper. The spikes are stationary, and the sperm are immotile. The lamellar body, which lies at one side of the base of the acrosome and external to the nuclear envelope, contains numerous stacks of membrane and small mitochondria-like bodies. The acrosomal vesicle (PAS-positive region) is structurally complex and can be divided into four discrete zones, which are homogeneous, scrolled, crystalline, and flocculent in appearance. The vesicle is surrounded by periacrosomal material which is flocculent near the base of the acrosome and filamentous at the apex. The structural features of Panulirus sperm are compared to those of other reptantians (lobsters, crayfish, crabs) and natantians (prawns, shrimp), and it is concluded that at least two basic structural plans for decapod sperm exist.
Approach-avoidance coping conflict in a sample of burn patients at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Following an acute burn injury, higher distress is consistently observed among individuals exhibiting a conflict between approach coping (e.g., processing) and avoidance coping (e.g., suppression) relative to those individuals who use only one of these methods. Study objectives were to determine if contradictory coping messages would lead to such approach–avoidance coping conflict and to determine if experiment-induced coping conflict is also associated with higher distress. Methods: Participants (n=59 adults hospitalized with acute burn injuries) were assigned randomly to experimental conditions differing in the order in which training was provided in two ways of coping with posttrauma re-experiencing symptoms (i.e., process-then-suppress versus suppress-then-process). The primary dependent variable was coping behavior during the 24-hr posttraining period. Coping behavior was categorized as approach coping (processing), avoidance coping (suppressing), or approach–avoidance coping conflict (both) on the basis of median splits on subscales assessing these behaviors. Secondary analyses examined the relationship between this experiment-induced coping conflict and re-experiencing symptoms. Results: Results indicated that participants in the process-then-suppress condition, relative to the suppress-then-process condition, were significantly more likely to exhibit approach–avoidance coping conflict (i.e., above median split on both processing and suppressing) during the next 24 hr. Furthermore, approach–avoidance coping conflict was associated with greater re-experiencing symptoms assessed via self-report and by blinded coding of recorded speech. Conclusions: It is concluded that the order of coping skill training can influence treatment outcome, success of coping methods, and overall levels of distress. therefore, training in stabilizing and calming methods should precede training in active processing following stressful life events. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Play Therapy and Art Therapy for Substance Abuse Clients Who Have a History of Incest Victimization

This article discusses the use of play therapy and art therapy treatment techniques for persons in substance abuse treatment who have a history of incest victimization. While substance abuse treatment focuses on substance abuse, neglecting to address issues related to past incest contact may increase the potential for relapse. This population displays unique characteristics that may prevent them from participating in, or benefitting from, traditional treatment modalities (which are highly dependent upon the verbal interactions between clients and therapists). Play therapy and art therapy are discussed in terms of history, rationale, and benefits to clients.
Value of ultrasound guidance in cytopathologist-performed fine-needle aspirations of palpable lesions.

Introduction Fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) of palpable masses are often performed by cytopathologists without ultrasound (US) guidance. Nonetheless, variations in the actual depth of palpable masses lead to occasional challenges. US guidance allows cytopathologists to visualize the mass and guide needle placement. This study retrospectively addressed the utility of US by comparing FNAs performed by cytopathologists on palpable masses with and without US guidance. Materials and methods Cytopathologist-performed FNAs with and without US guidance from March 1, 2013 to July 1, 2014 were identified. The number of passes, location of lesions, and interpretations were recorded. Available slides were reviewed to determine the proportion of passes that contained diagnostic cellular material and cases in which diagnostic material was present on the first needle pass. Results In this study, 134 palpation-guided FNAs and 118 US-guided FNAs were analyzed. The percentage of nondiagnostic cases was significantly lower for US-guided FNAs (2.5%) than for palpation-guided FNAs (12.7%; P = 0.004). The average number of needle passes was significantly lower for US-guided FNAs (2.9) than for palpation-guided FNAs (3.6; P = 0.0002). Twenty-two of 118 of US-guided FNAs (18.6%) and 6 of 134 palpation-guided FNAs (4.5%) were completed after only a single pass ( P = 0.0008). The percentage of passes with diagnostic material was significantly higher for US-guided FNAs (73.6% versus 60%; P = 0.0002). Conclusions For palpable masses, US-guidance adds value to cytopathologists in obtaining diagnostic cellular material more often on the first pass and with fewer passes overall than by palpation alone. This has a potentially beneficial impact on patient care owing to the increased precision and accuracy of needle guidance with ultrasonography.
Mixture analysis of erythrocyte lithium-sodium countertransport and blood pressure.

This study employs multivariate normal mixture analysis, a technique for identifying discrete subgroups within populations, to examine the relation of erythrocyte lithium-sodium (RBC Li+-Na+) countertransport and blood pressure in a group of 474 healthy adults. After adjusting for effects of age, gender, race, height, and weight, univariate mixture analysis of the distribution of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) revealed the presence of only one group, whereas the distribution of RBC Li+-Na+ countertransport values was composed of a mixture of two groups (p less than 0.00005). When bivariate mixture analysis was applied to the combined distribution of MAP and RBC Li+-Na+ countertransport, two commingled subgroups were identified (p less than 0.00005). The smaller group (19%) had significantly higher values for both MAP (108.7 +/- 16.7 mm Hg, mean +/- SD) and RBC Li+-Na+ countertransport (0.455 +/- 0.147 mmol Li+/l cells.hr) than the larger (81%) group (MAP 93.3 +/- 12.2 mm Hg, RBC Li+-Na+ countertransport 0.247 +/- 0.080 mmol Li+/l cells.hr, p less than 0.0001 for both differences). The relation of MAP to RBC Li+-Na+ countertransport was distinctly different in these two subgroups. In the larger group, we found a weak positive (r = 0.21, p less than 0.0001) correlation for unadjusted values, which was not significant after adjustment. The smaller group, with higher levels of MAP and RBC Li+-Na+ countertransport, showed significant negative correlations for both unadjusted (r = -0.28, p less than 0.008) and adjusted (r = -0.41, p less than 0.0001) values.
Stringent regulation of stably integrated chloramphenicol acetyl transferase genes by E. coli lac repressor in monkey cells

Abstract Monkey cell lines that constitutively synthesize 38.6 kd lac repressor protein and bear stably integrated chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) genes linked to a lac operator-containing SV40 early promoter-enhancer were generated. When grown in medium containing isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), these cells acquired a CAT + phenotype. In contrast, when grown in parallel in medium lacking IPTG, the cells remained CAT − . Maximum induction of CAT activity occurred after 4 days of IPTG exposure. Three days after removal of IPTG, induced cells had reverted to CAT − . Specific CAT activity increased up to 60-fold after induction, while background activity in uninduced cells was similar to or only slightly above that of parental, CAT − cells. CAT activity increased stepwise over a wide range of IPTG concentrations. Thus lac repressor-operator complexes can form on primate chromosomes and stringently block transcription from an adjoining promoter.
Long-term regulation by theophylline of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and lipid synthesis in cultured glial cells

Abstract The long-term regulation of fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase and of fatty acid and sterol synthesis was studied in C-6 glial cells in culture. When theophylline (10 −3 M) was added to the culture medium of these cells, rates of lipid synthesis from acetate and activities of synthetase and carboxylase became distinctly lower than in cells that were untreated. This effect appeared after approximately 12 h, and after 48 h enzymatic activities were reduced approx. 2-fold and rates of lipid synthesis from acetate 3- to 4-fold. The likelihood that the decrease in fatty acid synthesis from acetate was caused by the decrease in activities of fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase was established by several observations. These indicated that the locus of the effect probably did not reside at the level of acetate uptake into the cell, alterations in acetate pool sizes or conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. Moreover, de novo fatty acid synthesis was found to be the predominant pathway in these glial cells, whether treated with theophylline or not. The mechanism of the effect of theophylline on fatty acid synthetase was shown by immunochemical techniques to involve an alteration in content of enzyme rather than in catalytic efficiency. The change in content of fatty acid synthetase was shown by isotopic-immunochemical experiments to involve a decrease in synthesis of the enzyme. The mechanism whereby theophylline leads to a decrease in lipogenesis and in the synthesis of fatty acid synthetase may not be mediated entirely by inhibition of phosphodiesterase and an increase in cyclic AMP levels, because dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10 −3 M) only partially reproduced the effect. These data establish a role for theophylline and cyclic AMP in the regulation of lipogenesis and the activities of fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in C-6 glial cells, which have features of glia found in developing nervous tissue. In addition, the data may be of particular clinical importance in view of the recent interest in the use of theophylline in the therapy of apneic spells in human newborns.
Clustering Based on a Multilayer Mixture Model

In model-based clustering, the density of each cluster is usually assumed to be a certain basic parametric distribution, for example, the normal distribution. In practice, it is often difficult to decide which parametric distribution is suitable to characterize a cluster, especially for multivariate data. Moreover, the densities of individual clusters may be multimodal themselves, and therefore cannot be accurately modeled by basic parametric distributions. This article explores a clustering approach that models each cluster by a mixture of normals. The resulting overall model is a multilayer mixture of normals. Algorithms to estimate the model and perform clustering are developed based on the classification maximum likelihood (CML) and mixture maximum likelihood (MML) criteria. BIC and ICL-BIC are examined for choosing the number of normal components per cluster. Experiments on both simulated and real data are presented.
Properties of Bacteriophage T4 Proteins Deficient in Replication Repair

An epistasis group of mutations engendering increased sensitivity to diverse DNA-damaging agents was described previously in bacteriophage T4. These mutations are alleles of genes 32 and 41, which, respectively, encode a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (gp32) and the replicative DNA helicase (gp41). The mechanism by which the lethality of DNA damage is mitigated is unknown but seems not to involve the direct reversal of damage, excision repair, conventional recombination repair, or translesion synthesis. Here we explore the hypothesis that the mechanism involves a switch in DNA primer extension from the cognate template to an alternative template, the just-synthesized daughter strand of the other parental strand. The activities of the mutant proteins are reduced about 2-fold (for gp32) or 4-fold (for gp41) in replication complexes catalyzing coordinated synthesis of leading and lagging strands, in binding single-stranded DNA, promoting DNA annealing, and promoting branch migration. In striking contrast, the mutant proteins are strongly impaired in promoting template switching, thus supporting the hypothesis of survival by template switching.
AIDS encephalitis mimicking alcohol dementia and depression

The authors report a case of encephalitis occurring in a setting consistent with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). They point out that AIDS and its complications can mimic psychiatric syndromes, including depression and dementia, or delirium related to illnesses such as alcoholism. Acting out behavior, seen in the present case, may also be mistaken as a symptom of sociopathy.
A geochemical survey of stream sediments in Watauga County, North Carolina

Abstract Results of a reconnaissance geochemical exploration program in Watauga County, North Carolina, indicate: 1. (1) There is potential for copper in the amphibolite member of the Ashe Formation. 2. (2) There is potential for uranium in the Cranberry Gneiss and Blowing Rock Gneiss, although the uranium in the Cranberry Gneiss may be associated with small pegmatite intrusions and that in the Blowing Rock Gneiss may be associated with high zircon concentrations. 3. (3) A large concentration of zircon in the stream sediments could be the source of higher concentrations of uranium and lead. 4. (4) High specific conductance values are associated with contaminated streams and streams draining the Fries fault zone, possibly reflecting carbonate concentrations in the fault zone. 5. (5) Manganese appears to be concentrated in the finer fractions (minus 80-mesh) of the stream sediments. 6. (6) The zinc and lead, and possibly copper, concentrations of the heavy mineral fraction appear to give a greater contrast between background and anomalous levels in areas of chalcopyrite and galena-sphalerite mineralization than those of the minus 80-mesh fraction.
Minorities policy in the post‐Soviet republics: The case of the Gagauzi

Abstract This article explores the obstacles to crafting comprehensive policies for ethnic minorities within the Soviet successor states. It focuses on a case that has been viewed as a model for the peaceful resolution of ethnic conflict in the region: Moldova's devolution of power to its small Gagauz (Christian Turkic) minority. The relationship between the Moldovan government and the Gagauzi reached its nadir in 1990, when Moldovan volunteer forces and Gagauz irregulars stood at the brink of all‐out civil war over the issue of a separate Gagauz political entity. Since then, however, Moldova has created a special administrative unit known as Gagauz Yeri ('the Gagauz land'). In contrast to other ethno‐territorial disputes in the former Soviet Union, the Gagauz case has illustrated that a range of policy options exists between the extremes of maintaining a highly centralized, unitary state structure and the devolution of authority to loosely related confederative units.
IEEE 802.11ac: from channelization to multi-user MIMO

The IEEE 802.11ac amendment has been proposed to enhance the throughput of IEEE 802.11n beyond gigabit-per-second rates. In this article we present an overview of the most important features proposed in the 802.11ac amendment, including channel bonding mechanisms and multi-user MIMO.
Dim1p Is Required for Efficient Splicing and Export of mRNA Encoding Lid1p, a Component of the Fission Yeast Anaphase-Promoting Complex

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dim1p is required for maintaining the steady-state level of the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) component Lid1p and thus for maintaining the steady-state level and activity of the APC/C. To gain further insight into Dim1p function, we have investigated the mechanism whereby Dim1p influences Lid1p levels. We show that S. pombe cells lacking Dim1p or Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking its ortholog, Dib1p, are defective in generalized pre-mRNA splicing in vivo, a result consistent with the identification of Dim1p as a component of the purified yeast U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex. Moreover, we find that Dim1p is part of a complex with the splicing factor Prp1p. However, although Dim1p is required for efficient splicing of lid1(+) pre-mRNA, circumventing the necessity for this particular function of Dim1p is insufficient for restoring normal Lid1p levels. Finally, we provide evidence that Dim1p also participates in the nuclear export of lid1(+) mRNA and that it is likely the combined loss of both of these two Dim1p functions which compromises Lid1p levels in the absence of proper Dim1p function. These data indicate that a mechanism acting at the level of mRNA impacts the functioning of the APC/C, a critical complex in controlling mitotic progression.
What Lies Beneath: Looking Beyond Tumor Genetics Shows the Complexity of Signaling Networks Underlying Drug Sensitivity

The identification of "driver mutations" in cancers initiated rapid development of targeted drugs for the clinic. Despite promising outcomes initially in patients, the ultimate success of oncogene-targeted drugs has been hampered by the redundancy and remarkable complexity of cellular signaling pathways. Two studies in Science Signaling show that understanding these intricate networks and considering them during tumor classification and drug design can better predict drug response. These studies exemplify the potential of using systems analysis and computational modeling approaches to improve therapeutic strategies and outcomes in cancer patients.
Elastic deformation in orthotropic vessels: Theoretical and experimental results.

Excursions of the semiaxes were used to define the distortion and shape of the vessel cross section considered for conic and almost conic models. Some describing functions and mensuration expressions closely approximate, yet greatly simplify, calculations of perimeter and cross sections. Theory and experiments with models were in good agreement, but preliminary experiments showed the real case to be more complicated. Physical properties of the pulmonary trunk varied along its axis, growing stiffer toward the periphery. Furthermore, the dimension variations with transmural loading alter concepts of properties derived from measurements of a single diameter. The influence of the pericardium on the deformation of the main pulmonary artery under transmural stress was also explored. It was seen that the pericardium exerts significant restraint on the distortion and volume variations of this vessel. Over normal pressure ranges, removal of the pericardium can result in trunk volumes up to 100% greater than realized with the pericardium intact.
5 S 2 ° Term of Neutral Germanium*

The discovery of two new germanium lines at λ 2467.368 A and λ 2416.505 A led to the recognition of the missing 4s4p3 5S2° the S2° term of Ge i. It is situated 41 926.726 cm−1 above the ground level 4s4p2 3P0 and the lines mentioned above are the combinations ν=4s24p2 3P2,1,–4s4p3 5S2°, respectively.
A performance oriented migration framework for the grid

At least three factors in the existing migration frameworks make them less suitable in Grid systems especially when the goal is to improve the response times for individual applications. These factors are the separate policies for suspension and migration of executing applications employed by these migration frameworks, the use of pre-defined conditions for suspension and migration and the lack of knowledge of the remaining execution time of the applications. In this paper we describe a migration framework for performance oriented Grid systems that implements tightly coupled policies for both suspension and migration of executing applications and takes into account both system load and application characteristics. The main goal of our migration framework is to improve the response times for individual applications. We also present some results that demonstrate the usefulness of our migration framework.
The Quiet Evolution Continues

Most recent discussions of land-use law have focused on possible damage awards against local governments as a result of two Supreme Court decisions in 1987. However, most of the news for local governments has actually been good. Appellate courts have to date favored damage awards in only a few, generally egregious, cases. A variety of courts have upheld restrictive land-use controls, including some based solely on aesthetic considerations. Courts have also been friendly to tougher enforcement measures. The concept of impact fees has enjoyed more recent play in the literature than in the courts, while the friendly treatment of linkage requirements in the literature has not been supported by the courts.
Selecting Software Phase Markers with Code Structure Analysis

Most programs are repetitive, where similar behavior can be seen at different execution times. Algorithms have been proposed that automatically group similar portions of a program's execution into phases, where samples of execution in the same phase have homogeneous behavior and similar resource requirements. In this paper, we present an automated profiling approach to identify code locations whose executions correlate with phase changes. These ''software phase markers" can be used to easily detect phase changes across different inputs to a program without hardware support. Our approach builds a combined hierarchical procedure call and loop graph to represent a program's execution, where each edge also tracks the max, average, and standard deviation in hierarchical execution variability on paths from that edge. We search this annotated call-loop graph for instructions in the binary that accurately identify the start of unique stable behaviors across different inputs. We show that our phase markers can be used to accurately partition execution into units of repeating homogeneous behavior by counting execution cycles and data cache hits. We also compare the use of our software markers to prior work on guiding data cache reconfiguration using data-reuse markers. Finally, we show that the phase markers can be used to partition the program's execution at code transitions to pick accurately simulation points for SimPoint. When simulation points are defined in terms of phase markers, they can potentially be re-used across inputs, compiler optimizations, and different instruction set architectures for the same source code.
Rabbit blastocyst: allocation of cells to the inner cell mass and trophectoderm.

The proportion of total cells in the blastocyst allocated to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) is important for future development and may be a sensitive indicator to evaluate culture conditions. The number of cells and their distribution within the two primary cell lineages were determined for the rabbit embryo developing in vivo after superovulation or nonsuperovulation or embryo transfer and compared with embryos developing in vitro. Comparisons were made with cultured embryos or embryos grown in vivo until 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 days of age. Embryos from superovulated rabbits developed in vivo for 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 days, respectively, had 361, 758, and 902 total cells (P<0.05), and in nonsuperovulated rabbits 130, 414, and 905 total cells (P<0.05), with increasing proportions of ICM cells over time (P<0.05). One-cell embryos recovered from superovulated females and transferred to nonsuperovulated recipients developed more slowly with 70, 299, and 550 total cells after 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 days of culture (P<0.05), respectively. The proportion of ICM cells increased with age of the embryo. Corresponding values for one-cell embryos cultured in vitro resulted in 70, 299, and 550 total cells (P<0.05). However, in vitro culture of morula-stage embryos in the presence of fetal bovine serum for 24 hr did not delay growth. In addition, the proportions of ICM/total cells were 0.17, 0.25, and 0.29 for embryos developing in vitro at 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 days, respectively, similar to those for embryos developing in vivo at each of the three recovery times. These data establish for the first time the number and proportion of cells allocated to the ICM of the rabbit embryo developing in vivo or under defined conditions in vitro. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Carolina Bays in Horry and Marion Counties, South Carolina

Carolina bays are exceptionally well developed in Horry and Marion counties, South Carolina. Depositional surfaces of coastal and fluvial origin have been mapped in this area, and the stratigraphy is reasonably well known above the Pee Dee Formation (Cretaceous). Bays occur on 7 sand-rich surfaces, all pre-Recent in age. Three bay types have been recognized: flat interfluve, dune depression, and terrace contact. The majority of bays in the study area belong to the first type. These bays are underlain by sand cemented with humate which forms an impermeable layer close to the surface. This perches the water table, thereby allowing development of shallow, wet depressions in sandy terrain. The size ot depressions appears to be partly controlled by the width of the interfluve and degree of relief created by dissection of the depositional surface. The two other bay types are located in favorable topographic depressions initiated by dune deflation or damming by fluvial deposition. Drilling in and around bays shows no evidence of solution and subsidence in spite of the presence of carbonate-rich strata in the subsurface and some very localized sinkholes of irregular shape and considerable depth (+20ft). It is postulated that Carolina bays in this area developed from shallow lakes (1 to 6 ft deep) during the mid- to late-Wisconsin in a period when vegetation cover and drainage systems were undergoing considerable change. However, there are many unanswered problems of bay development, including the degree to which they are analogous to contemporary oriented lakes (for example, in Alaska). Stabilized parabolic dunes in river valleys indicate that SW. and WSW. winds blew across bays during their formative period. A similar hydrodynamic system to that recognized in Alaska may have existed in the shallow water bodies of ancestral bays, and led to development of elongated shapes and sand rims.
Broad-band pulse performance of short helices

Helical antennas are popular and well characterized for CW frequency domain performance. Renewed interest in time-domain applications of electromagnetics, such as impulse radar, makes accurate time-domain data on broad-band antennas desirable. Although the principal endfire helix radiation mode has been extensively studied in the frequency domain, other modes important in pulse operation are poorly characterized, making a total Fourier transform approach difficult. We have performed impulse tests on helices with two to five turns, establishing novel features of the response and confirming some aspects of frequency domain data. Quick comparisons to time and frequency-domain modeling codes indicate good correspondence of gross features. Successful octave band-pulse operation was achieved, and a few features of helix pulse response invite further investigation. >
Hippocampal Atrophy Patterns in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Background: Histopathological studies and animal models suggest that hippocampal subfields may be differently affected by aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other diseases. High-resolution images at 4 Tesla depict details of the internal structure of the hippocampus allowing for in vivo volumetry of different subfields. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to determine patterns of volume loss in hippocampal subfields in normal aging, AD, and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). (2) To determine if measurements of hippocampal subfields provide advantages over total hippocampal volume for differentiation between groups. Methods: Ninety-one subjects (53 controls (mean age: 69.3 ± 7.3), 20 MCI (mean age: 73.6 ± 7.1), and 18 AD (mean age: 69.1 ± 9.5) were studied with a high-resolution T2 weighted imaging sequence aimed at the hippocampus. Entorhinal cortex (ERC), subiculum, CA1, CA1-CA2 transition zone (CA1-2), CA3 & dentate gyrus (CA3&DG) were manually marked in the anterior third of the hippocampal body. Hippocampal volume was obtained from the Freesurfer and manually edited. Results: Compared to controls, AD had smaller volumes of ERC, subiculum, CA1, CA1-2, and total hippocampal volumes. MCI had smaller CA1-2 volumes. Discriminant analysis and power analysis showed that CA1-2 was superior to total hippocampal volume for distinction between controls and MCI. Conclusion: The patterns of subfield atrophy in AD and MCI were consistent with patterns of neuronal cell loss/reduced synaptic density described by histopathology. These preliminary findings suggest that hippocampal subfield volumetry might be a better measure for diagnosis of early AD and for detection of other disease effects than measurement of total hippocampus. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Genomic comparison of sporeforming bacilli isolated from milk

Sporeformers in the order Bacillales are important contributors to spoilage of pasteurized milk. While only a few Bacillus and Viridibacillus strains can grow in milk at 6°C, the majority of Paenibacillus isolated from pasteurized fluid milk can grow under these conditions. To gain a better understanding of genomic features of these important spoilage organisms and to identify candidate genomic features that may facilitate cold growth in milk, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of selected dairy associated sporeformers representing isolates that can and cannot grow in milk at 6°C. The genomes for seven Paenibacillus spp., two Bacillus spp., and one Viridibacillus sp. isolates were sequenced. Across the genomes sequenced, we identified numerous genes encoding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, bacteriocins, and pathways for synthesis of non-ribosomal peptide antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis placed genomes representing Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Viridibacillus into three distinct well supported clades and further classified the Paenibacillus strains characterized here into three distinct clades, including (i) clade I, which contains one strain able to grow at 6°C in skim milk broth and one strain not able to grow under these conditions, (ii) clade II, which contains three strains able to grow at 6°C in skim milk broth, and (iii) clade III, which contains two strains unable to grow under these conditions. While all Paenibacillus genomes were found to include multiple copies of genes encoding β-galactosidases, clade II strains showed significantly higher numbers of genes encoding these enzymes as compared to clade III strains. Genome comparison of strains able to grow at 6°C and strains unable to grow at this temperature identified numerous genes encoding features that might facilitate the growth of Paenibacillus in milk at 6°C, including peptidases with cold-adapted features (flexibility and disorder regions in the protein structure) and cold-adaptation related proteins (DEAD-box helicases, chaperone DnaJ). Through a comparative genomics approach we identified a number of genomic features that may relate to the ability of selected Paenibacillus strains to cause spoilage of refrigerated fluid milk. With additional experimental evidence, these data will facilitate identification of targets to detect and control Gram positive spore formers in fluid milk.
Molecular Basis for Recognition of Nucleoside Triphosphate by Gene 4 Helicase of Bacteriophage T7

The translocation of DNA helicases on single-stranded DNA and the unwinding of double-stranded DNA are fueled by the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (NTP). Although most helicases use ATP in these processes, the DNA helicase encoded by gene 4 of bacteriophage T7 uses dTTP most efficiently. To identify the structural requirements of the NTP, we determined the efficiency of DNA unwinding by T7 helicase using a variety of NTPs and their analogs. The 5-methyl group of thymine was critical for the efficient unwinding of DNA, although the presence of a 3′-ribosyl hydroxyl group partially overcame this requirement. The NTP-binding pocket of the protein was examined by randomly substituting amino acids for several amino acid residues (Thr-320, Arg-504, Tyr-535, and Leu-542) that the crystal structure suggests interact with the nucleotide. Although positions 320 and 542 required aliphatic residues of the appropriate size, an aromatic side chain was necessary at position 535 to stabilize NTP for efficient unwinding. A basic side chain of residue 504 was essential to interact with the 4-carbonyl of the thymine base of dTTP. Replacement of this residue with a small aliphatic residue allowed the accommodation of other NTPs, resulting in the preferential use of dATP and the use of dCTP, a nucleotide not normally used. Results from this study suggest that the NTP must be stabilized by specific interactions within the NTP-binding site of the protein to achieve efficient hydrolysis. These interactions dictate NTP specificity.
Adenosine conversion of supraventricular tachycardia associated with high-dose epinephrine therapy for cardiac arrest.

Adenosine has received wide acceptance as the drug of choice for initial treatment of supraventricular tachycardias (supraventricular tachycardia), and as a diagnostic adjunct in hemodynamically stable, wide-complex tachycardias. This report describes the successful use of adenosine for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia occurring after successful initial resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation, in which a high dose of the epinephrine protocol was used.
FRACTURES OF THE OLECRANON

1. A statistical study is made of forty-eight cases of fracture of the olecranon with end-result studies in twenty-four. Fifteen of these cases were treated in the Emergency Ward and were not admitted to the House. 2. Closed reduction of these fractures has been very unsatisfactory and we believe that it is not worth attempting. Open operation is indicated whenever there is any separation of the bone fragments. 3. The results of open operation by any one of five methods have been universally satisfactory. The only unsatisfactory cases have been one complicated by postoperative sepsis and another complicated by an ill-advised secondary operation done elsewhere. The operation calls for exact reposition of the fragments and fixation by catgut, wire, kangaroo tendon, nails, pegs, or fascia lata. The use of foreign bodies as fixatives means secondary operations for their removal. 4. The operative mortality was four and three-tenths per cent. in the twenty-three cases on whom open operations were done. 5. There is no relation between the age groups or the degree of development of the epiphysis and the final result. 6. From our tabulated results it is not possible to demonstrate any quicker recovery from the use of any one material, but from personal observation we are convinced that function returns faster and the final elbow is stronger when fascia lata is used as a living suture to hold the fragments together. This is the method now in use at this hospital and the method which we wish to recommend.
Analysis of two adult female patients who had been victims of incest in childhood.

It is clear that we can no longer imagine that incest in childhood is either rare, or always to be analyzed as if it were a fantasy. Indeed, Freud was aware of this even as he withdrew his original postulate that actual seduction was the keystone on the arch of the understanding of hysterical symptoms. A brief discussion of the history of psychoanalysis, vis-a-vis the seduction theory is followed by a description of the characteristic symptoms and analytic behavior of adult analysands who had been sexually molested as children. The analysis of two such adult women, victims of incest in childhood, are presented with special regard to the specific characteristics of the de-repression of the traumatic episodes and the common countertransferences evoked by this category of patients. I present a verbatim session from the analysis of the second patient.
Promoting Undergraduate Student Research Collaboration: Faculty Perceptions of Benefits and Challenges

Social work faculty from across the country (N=95) were surveyed to explore their perceptions about involving undergraduate students in their research projects. Results indicated that 58% of the re...
Behavioral Medicine: The Biobehavioral Perspective

As chronic disease has become the major health concern for Americans, the need to develop more relevant research and treatment models for disease prevention and control has led to multidisciplinary investigations of what appear to be multifactorial problems. Such explorations have led to consideration of biobehavioral research designs which emphasize pooling of the unique talents of the biomedical and behavioral research communities, resulting in a “whole which is greater than the sum of its parts.” Implications of this biobehavioral approach to theory, methods, practice and training are discussed.
Perturbation Analysis of Two-Phase Infiltration

An analytical treatment for the problem of one-dimensional infiltration into a homogeneous porous medium is presented. Movement of both the air phase and the water phase and compressibility of the air are considered. The procedure assumes that some capillary terms can be neglected in the saturation equation, whereas all capillary terms are retained in an integral equation for the unknown total flow. Infiltration rate curves are obtained for a number of situations involving different boundary or initial conditions or both. Comparisons are made with results of an earlier and simpler procedure, confirming the validity of the simpler procedure. It is recommended that the traditional unsaturated flow equation be abandoned in favor of the two-phase flow approach.
Midgut Lysosomal Phosphatases and Carbohydrases of the Last Larval Instar of the Southern Armyworm, Spodoptera eridania1

Lysosomal fractions were prepared from larval midgut of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer). They contained phosphodiesterase and several phosphomonoesterases. N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase and ±-mannosidase were predominant among several glycosidases found. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes were consonant with the extensive visual tissue degradation and the electron microscopic evidence of lysosomal engulfment of cell components at the end of the stadium.
Methods for the Identification of the Leaf Fibers of Mescal (Agave), Yucca (Yucca), Beargrass (Nolina) and Sotol (Dasylirion)

In this study, an examination has been made of the leaf fibers from various species of the genera Agave, Yucca, Nolina and Dasylirion in order to establish a technique and to present a set of diagnostic characters which can be used in the identification of archaeological material suspected of containing such fibers. The split leaves of various species belonging to these genera have been used widely by the aboriginal inhabitants of the American Southwest in the manufacture of sandals, mattings, and baskets. The fibers extracted from their leaves were made into cordage, which was employed in the manufacture of a great variety of articles. Archaeologists are continually encountering this material and identifying it on the basis of its gross or external appearance, yet, so far as the authors have been able to ascertain, no one has described a convenient method of identification.
Low‐Residue Diet in Diverticular Disease: Putting an End to a Myth

Residue refers to any indigestible food substance that remains in the intestinal tract and contributes to stool bulk. Historically, low-residue diets have been recommended for diverticulosis because of a concern that indigestible nuts, seeds, corn, and popcorn could enter, block, or irritate a diverticulum and result in diverticulitis and possibly increase the risk of perforation. To date, there is no evidence supporting such a practice. In contrast, dietary fiber supplementation has been advocated to prevent diverticula formation and recurrence of symptomatic diverticulosis, although this is based mostly on low-quality observational studies. This report focuses on the evidence that fiber intake may be beneficial in the prevention and recurrence of symptomatic and complicated diverticular disease and provides recommendations regarding fiber supplementation in individuals with diverticulosis. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2011;26:137-142)
Dangerously Sleepy: Overworked Americans and the Cult of Manly Wakefulness. By Alan Derickson. (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. Pp. xiii, 256. $49.95.)

In this intriguing work, the author traces the persistence of the “cult of manly wakefulness” through its long course in American history. The “cult” has had a diverse and extensive following. Begi...
Method of measuring cavity's shapes at axially symmetrical bodies

A method of measuring cavity's shapes at axially symmetrical bodies is presented based on the ideas of pixels in this paper. This method is developed through a mass of experiments. Image manipulation, which is provided by MatLab, is conducted in order to get the accurate sizes of cavity. This method not only removes the refractive error induced by different medium, but also gets the quantificational results of images. Through substantive application, it's showed the precision of this method is better.