cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Congestive heart failure in neonates due to intracranial arteriovenous malformation: Endovascular treatment

Newborns with intracranial arteriovenous malformations and congestive heart failure have an extremely poor prognosis. This report describes two infants with intracranial arteriovenous malformations and severe congestive heart failure successfully treated in the newborn period with endovascular embolization. Both infants had immediate improvement in symptoms and both had second embolization procedures performed. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting was necessary in both children because of progressive hydrocephalus. At follow-up of more than 4 years, neither patient has any sign of congestive heart failure, and one is developmentally normal.
John Chrysostom on Paul as Founder of Churches

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine John Chrysostom’s view of Paul as founder of churches. The article is written in dialogue with the research done by James Hanges on Paul as a founder-figure. The study argues that by the fourth century, especially in the works of Chrysostom, we a have a vision of Paul as founder of the church that has become interwoven with the very substance of the (orthodox) church’s subjectivity – a very different dynamic that was present in the first two centuries at least. Being a Christian, being part of the church, for Chrysostom, also means embodying something of the subjectivity of Paul. Paul was more than a hermeneutical bridge between the Old and the New Testament. Paul and Paulinomorphism became the very language of ecclesiastical power, a rhetoric with an impetus on correction, discipline and social protection. The fourth-century Chrysostomic reconstruction of Paul, the founder of churches and the church, operated as a central discursive formation in the reproduction of Christian identity. The appellations of Paul as builder, physician and father formed part of an interconnected web of power-language with the capacity to ramify group boundaries and also to pathologize heretical groups. The power-language of Paul also sustained orthodox Christian identity in its curative and corrective measures.
Serum antibody response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Down's syndrome

Persons with Down's syndrome (DS) are susceptible to severe and precocious periodontal disease. Several organisms have been implicated in the etiology of periodontal disease, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). It is unknown whether circulating antibodies correlate with the severity of periodontal disease in DS. This study determined the circulating antibody titers to Aa in sera of DS and normal patients. Eleven DS patients with periodontal disease (pocket depth > 4 mm), five DS patients with gingivitis (inflammation and pocket depth < or = 3 mm), and 10 non-DS healthy subjects had blood drawn and analyzed for antibody response to Aa. Conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with goat anti-human IgG was performed for Aa-reactive serum diluted 1:200 to 1:12,800. Geometric mean titer was calculated, and significant differences were noted between the control group and the DS groups (p = 0.05), with the DS periodontal group having the highest response, followed by the DS gingivitis and normal controls, respectively. The DS groups were not significantly different. DS patients may exhibit a higher Aa antibody response, due to the presence of the organism, previous exposure, or in proportion to the extent of their periodontal condition.
Oxidative transformations in the aporphine alkaloid series

Abstract Oxidation of the non-phenolic aporphines nuciferine ( 1 ), dicentrine ( 3 ), ocopodine ( 4 ) and thalicarpine ( 7 ) by iodine affords the corresponding dehydroaporphines ( 2, 5, 6 and 8 ). In contrast. iodine oxidation of non-phenolic noraporphines proceeds all the way to the oxoaporphine stage: thus. O-methylnandigerine ( 9 ), nordicentrine ( 11 ) and ovigerine ( 12 ) yield the corresponding oxoaporphines ( 10, 13 and 14 ). The phenolic aporphine N-methylnandigerine ( 19 ) is converted in low yield by iodine to the blue 10,11- o -quinone 20 ; 20 is formed as the major product of mercuric chloride oxidation of both 19 and its 10,11-isomer bulbocapnine ( 21 ). The dehydroaporphines dehydronuciferine ( 2 ) and dehydrodicentrine ( 5 ) are oxidized by oxygen at pH 6 to give the corresponding oxoaporphines ( 23 and 13 ); 2 is also rapidly oxidized to 23 by peracetic acid or by benzoyl peroxide, the benzoate ester 24 being an intermediate in the latter reaction.
Beta Decay of F 21

$^{21}\mathrm{F}({\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}})^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ is re-examined. $\ensuremath{\beta}$ branches are observed as follows [$^{21}\mathrm{Ne}{E}_{x}$ (keV),% $\ensuremath{\beta}$ branch]: 0, 9.6(3.0); 351, 74.1(3.0); 1746, 16.1(1.0); 3736, 3.1(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; 3884, 4.0(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; 4525, 43(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; 4685, 77(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The half-life was measured to be 4.158(20) s. Precision $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray measurements were made for the $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ 351\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 and 1746\ensuremath{\rightarrow}351 transitions and the $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ 1634\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 transition. Results for the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ energies are 350.725(8), 1395.131(17), and 1633.602(15) keV. $log\mathrm{ft}$ values are calculated. Comparisons of the present results are made to the shell-model calculations of Lanford and Wildenthal and to the analog ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay of $^{21}\mathrm{Mg}$ to $^{21}\mathrm{Na}$. It is concluded that uncalculated Coulomb effects are a major block to the sensitivity of such comparisons.
An adaptive grid method for computing time accurate solutions on structured grids

The solution method consists of three parts: a grid movement scheme; an unsteady Euler equation solver; and a temporal coupling routine that links the dynamic grid to the Euler solver. The grid movement scheme is an algebraic method containing grid controls that generate a smooth grid that resolves the severe solution gradients and the sharp transitions in the solution gradients. The temporal coupling is performed with a grid prediction correction procedure that is simple to implement and provides a grid that does not lag the solution in time. The adaptive solution method is tested by computing the unsteady inviscid solutions for a one dimensional shock tube and a two dimensional shock vortex iteraction.
Biased Versus Unbiased Estimation

Abstract Statisticians have begun to realize that certain deliberately induced biases can dramatically improve estimation properties when there are several parameters to be estimated. This represents a radical departure from the tradition of unbiased estimation which has dominated statistical thinking since the work of Gauss. We briefly describe the new methods and give three examples of their practical application.
Changes in colorectal cancer incidence rates in young and older adults in the United States: what does it tell us about screening

Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have increased among young adults and have decreased among older adults. We re-evaluated these trends using more recent data covering about 96 % of the United States population.
The kinetics of the desorption of helium implanted into a Nickel (100) crystal

Abstract The thermal desorption spectrum for helium implanted into a nickel (100) crystal has been measured under several temperature-time programs. These measurements indicate that for a particular peak in the spectrum, the desorption rate, d n ( t , T )/dt, obeys a first order desorption equation with temperature dependent parameters.
Assessing Mix Layer Amplitude in 3D Decelerating Interface Experiments

We present data from recent high-energy-density laboratory experiments designed to explore the Rayleigh-Taylor instability under conditions relevant to supernovae. The Omega laser is used to create a blast wave structure that is similar to that of the explosion phase of a core-collapse supernova. An unstable interface is shocked and then decelerated by the planar blast wave, producing Rayleigh-Taylor growth. Recent experiments were performed using dual, side-on, x-ray radiography to observe a 3D “egg crate” mode and an imposed, longer-wavelength, sinusoidal mode as a seed perturbation. This paper explores the method of data analysis and accurately estimating the position of important features in the data.
Behavior of Stereoisomeric Steroids in Liquid Chromatography

Abstract From literature data on the behavior of diastereoisomers, the author derives empirical rules governing their relative mobilities in liquid-solid and liquid-liquid chromatographic systems. Applications of these rules to the resolution of steroid mixtures, belonging to the various classes of steroids, are cited.
Amino acid-activating enzyme levels in different growth states of HeLa cells.

Abstract Levels of amino acid-activating enzymes have been measured by means of the ATP-pyrophosphate exchange reaction in HeLa cell cultures during states of balanced and unbalanced growth. Over a 10-day period of normal growth during which time the growth rate varied widely, it was found that the enzyme levels paralleled the amount of protein accumulated in the culture per interval of time, suggesting that a certain fraction of the new protein synthesized was of the amino acid-activating enzyme variety. In cultures undergoing unbalanced growth due to the induction of a thymidineless state by amethopterin, the accumulation of amino acid-activating enzymes continued in a manner similar to that of the control cultures during the first 24 h, whereas the accumulation of total protein and total RNA in these cultures declined during the same time interval.
Capacitated plant selection in a decentralized manufacturing environment: A bilevel optimization approach

Most facility selection and production planning approaches assume centralized decision making using monolithic models. In this paper, we address a capacitated plant selection problem in a decentralized manufacturing environment where the principal firm and the auxiliary plants operate independently in an organizational hierarchy. A non-monolithic model is developed for plant selection in the decentralized decision making process. The developed model considers the independence relationship between the principal firm and the selected plants. It also takes into account the opportunity costs of over-setting production capacities in the opened plants. The developed mathematical programming model is a two-level nonlinear programming model with integer and continuous decision variables. It was transformed into an equivalent single level model, linearized and solved by available optimization software. Computational examples are presented.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs and student academic success

Abstract This study was designed to identify the factors contributing to student nurse success. This study examined the relationships between needs being met and student success and looked at attributes contributing to student success. Students identified categories of "physiological" and "psychosocial" needs. They recognized that meeting these needs was important but they were not always able to meet them.
Refractive Indices at Visible Wavelengths of Soot Emitted From Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames

Measurements of the optical properties of soot, emphasizing refractive indices, are reported for visible wavelengths (350-800 nm). The experiments considered soot in the fuel-lean (overfire) region of buoyant turbulent diffusion flames in the long residence time regime where soot properties are relatively independent of position in the overfire region and residence time. Flames fueled with acetylene, propylene, ethylene, and propane that were burning in still air provided a range of soot physical and structure properties. Measurements included soot composition, density, structure, gravimetric volume fraction, and scattering and absorption properties. These data were analyzed to find soot fractal dimensions, refractive indices, refractive index functions, and dimensionless extinction coefficients assuming Rayleigh-Debye-Gans scattering for polydisperse mass fractal aggregates (RDG-PFA theory). RDG-PFA theory was successfully evaluated using measured scattering properties. Soot fractal dimensions were independent of both fuel type and wavelength, yielding a mean value of 1.77 with a standard deviation of 0.04. Refractive indices were independent of fuel type within experimental uncertainties and were in reasonably good agreement with earlier measurements for soot in the fuel-lean region of diffusion flames due to Dalzell and Sarofim (1969). Dimensionless extinction coefficients were independent of both fuel type and wavelength, yielding a mean value of 5.1 with a standard deviation of 0.5, which is lower than earlier measurements for reasons that still must be explained.
Validation of Computational Knee Models Using a Dynamic Knee Simulator

Computational models of the knee provide valuable information on knee biomechanics, but validation of these models is challenging as in-vivo parameters such as muscle forces and tissue loading cannot be measured. Machines that simulate the dynamic loading and motion of physiological activities on cadaver knees can provide a means for validating computational knee models and modeling methods. In this approach, all forces applied to cadaver knees are known and can be replicated in computational simulations. The resulting experimental and computational kinematics can then be compared. Presented here is the development and use of a modeling platform comprised of a multi-body computational model of a cadaver knee and dynamic knee simulator and experimental measurements from the cadaver knee loaded in the machine. This modeling platform has been used to study: 1) patient specific reference lengths versus literature obtained reference lengths [1], 2) inclusion of ligament and tendon wrapping [2] and, 3) the development of a multi-body model of the meniscus [3].Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) process: origins and future directions

This review discusses the origins and evolution of the MAPLE technique as it started as an alternative to spray coating of thin films for chemical vapor sensors. It describes its numerous applications for the deposition of thin films of polymeric, organic and biomaterials for various applications. This is followed by an overview of several new variations of the MAPLE technique. This review concludes with an outlook on the future of this highly versatile and successful vapor deposition process.
Some Issues in the Psychology of Mathematics Instruction

Given a large proportion of students failing to learn basic skills in mathematics, the problem of improving mathematics learning may be illuminated by an examination of contemporary learning research and theory. Three major phases can be seen in the performance of a mathematical task: translating from a verbal problem statement to a mathematical expression, carrying out an operation on the expression, and validating the solution. Less attention in instruction and research should be given to the classification of tasks as abstract or concrete, and more attention to the deliberate teaching of correct rules and the advantages of making computational operations automatic. Each performance phase has its implications for instruction, and all could be more fully addressed by research.
GENDER AND SUPERVISION: The Legitimation of Authority in Relationship to Task

Most theories of bureaucratic organization legitimize hier- archical authority in terms of the economic and administrative imperatives of the production process. Rationales for specific levels of supervision em- phasize the inherent nature of task activity (especially job complexity) and its related human-capital and organizational requirements. Personal at- tributes and the social differentiation of labor in the workplace are explicitly outside the legal-rational framework legitimizing the system of governance and job configuration. This study examines the relationship between job complexity and supervision for male and female workers and the economic and social factors that underlie the configuration of task and authority relations. The analysis suggests dramatic differences in the rationalization of work arrangements by gender-especially in the extent to which social status influences supervisory practices. Further, there appear to be over- time differences in the labor-market processes structuring progressions of jobs and thus normative work arrangements. The findings challenge com- mon assumptions about bureaucratic authority and highlight the role of supervision in labor segmentation within the workplace. The legitimation of authority in organizational structures is fundamental to both abstract conceptions of bureaucracy and practical issues of task structuring and labor relations. In each context, principles of office hierarchy and graded authori- ty are rationalized as a system of governance necessitated by the requirements of the production process. Impersonal considerations of expertise and the coor- dination of functions underlie the delegation of authority and the latitude of office. The system of governance is portrayed as an administrative imperative for achieving efficient utilization of human resources and coordinating and eval- uating task performance. This is not to say that bureaucratic authority is always perceived as proper or that it is never circumvented. The informal organization of power in organizations is well documented. Nonetheless, employment con- tracts implicitly authorize hierarchical supervision and compliance is a gener-
Relation between infantile colic and asthma/atopy: a prospective study in an unselected population.

Objective. To assess whether children with history of infantile colic may be at increased risk of subsequently developing asthma and/or atopy. Methods. We used data collected in a large, prospec- tive study from an unselected population. Infantile colic and concurrent feeding method were determined from the 2-month well-infant visit form completed by the phy- sician for 983 children who were enrolled at birth. Mark- ers of atopy (total serum immunoglobulin E and allergy skin prick test), allergic rhinitis, asthma, wheezing, and peak flow variability were the main outcome measures studied at different ages between infancy and 11 years. Results. Ninety (9.2%) children had infantile colic. Prevalence of colic was similar among children fed either breast milk or formula. There was no association be- tween infantile colic and markers of atopy, asthma, aller- gic rhinitis, wheezing, or peak flow variability at any age. Conclusion. Our data cannot support the hypothesis that infantile colic provides increased risk for subse- quent allergic disease or atopy. Pediatrics 2001;108:878 - 882; infantile colic, asthma, atopy, feeding, wheeze. ABBREVIATIONS. IgE, immunoglobulin E; PEF, peak flow; GM, geometric mean; CI, confidence interval.
Role of intramyocelluar lipids in human health

Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is predominantly stored as intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) in lipid droplets and is utilized as metabolic fuel during physical exercise. IMTG is also implicated in muscle insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes. However, it has become apparent that lipid moieties such as ceramide and diacylglycerol are the likely culprits of IR. This article reviews current knowledge of IMCL-mediated IR and important areas of investigation, including myocellular lipid transport and lipid droplet proteins. Several crucial questions remain unanswered, such as the identity of specific ceramide and diacylglycerol species that mediate IR in human muscle and their subcellular location. Quantitative lipidomics and proteomics of targeted subcellular organelles will help to better define the mechanisms underlying pathological IMCL accumulation and IR.
Annual summary of vital statistics--1994.

Recent trends in the vital statistics of the United States continued in 1994, including decreases in the number of births, the birth rate, the age-adjusted death rate, and the infant mortality rate. Life expectancy increased slightly to 75.7 years. Only marriages reversed the recent trend with a slight increase in 1994. An estimated 3,979,000 infants were born during 1994, a decline of < 1% from 1993. The birth rate was 15.3 live births per 1000 population, a 1% decline. These decreasing rates reflect a decline in the fertility rate to 67.1 live births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years. Final figures for 1993 indicate that fertility rates declined for all racial groups, by 1% for white women (to 65.4) and 3% for black women (to 80.5). The fertility rate for Hispanic women (106.9) was 84% higher than that for non-Hispanic white women and 31% higher than for non-Hispanic black women. Between 1991 and 1993, birth rates for teenage mothers remained virtually unchanged, and abortion rates have steadily declined, suggesting that teenage pregnancy rates are levelling off. The number and proportion of births to women over age 30, however, continued to rise. The rate of births to all unmarried women (45.3 per 1000 in 1993) has been stable for 3 years. Prenatal care utilization improved in 1993; 79% of women initiated care in the first trimester and < 5% had delayed care or no care. Improvements occurred among nearly all racial and ethnic groups. Reported smoking during pregnancy declined to 15.8% in 1993 from 16.9% in 1992. The proportion of babies delivered by cesarean section was 21.8% in 1993, a 2% decrease from 1992. Between 1992 and 1993, the rate of low birth weight (LBW) rose slightly to 7.2%, while very low birth weight (VLBW) remained stable at 1.3%. Most of the increase in LBW occurred among white infants and reflected, primarily, an increase in the proportion of multiple births. The black/white ratio in LBW continued to increase to more than two-fold with the largest difference recorded among term and postterm infants. Age-adjusted death rates in 1994 were lower for heart disease, malignant neoplasm, pulmonary diseases, other accidents, and homicides. The age-adjusted death rate for human immunodeficiency virus disease continued to rise to 15.1 in 1994. The infant mortality rate declined 4% in 1994, to 7.9 per 1000, the lowest rate ever recorded in the United States. The decline was primarily in neonatal mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Nocturnal electrographic features of frequently changing-irregular sleep-wakefulness rhythms.

Polygraphic characteristics of nocturnal sleep associated with frequently changing-irregular rest-activity schedules were investigated in healthy young adults. Two groups each of 12 male university students were classified according to a priori criteria as either: (a) controls who slept regularly for 7--8 hr at night or (b) whose retiring and arising times combined varied chronically +/- 1.5 hr. Sleep was recorded during three consecutive 8-hr nocturnal periods at fixed clock times. Polygraphic indices generally reflected greater discontinuity and fragmentation associated with the nocturnal sleep in the young adults whose 24-hr rest-activity cycle tended to be frequently changing-irregular. The significantly: (a) larger absolute quantities of (i) transitional stage 1 sleep, (ii) intermittent wakefulness and (b) increases stage shifts provided some indication that the intrasleep cycle becomes disturbed when rest-activity schedules follow no predictable pattern in the everyday environment. Despite, or because of, the enforced hour (11:30 p.m +/- 30 min) for retiring, it is possible that the capacity to fall asleep had become phase-delayed among subjects with irregular rest-activity schedules who experienced more initial wakefulness (on average) before sleep onset stage 1. Finally, the recorded sleep perturbations associated with frequently changing-irregular schedules were extremely variable across nights and among individuals. This was especially pronounced on a nightly basis as reflected by significantly larger variability (SDs): (a) in the latency to sleep onset, for (b) total time asleep, (c) intermittent wakefulness, and (d) the ultradian (90-min) REM cycle. Variability (the SD) between individuals was also more substantial for these same polygraphic measures at statistically significant levels.
The Role of Recreational Motivation in the Birding Participation–Environmental Concern Relationship

Previous research has generally not found a strong relationship between participation in outdoor recreation and environmental concern. Research has suggested, however, that the motivation underlyin...
Rates of chlorpromazine‐induced hemolysis in seven species of animals

Chlorpromazine (CPZ) affects the hemolytic process in vitro. Hemolysis rates induced by CPZ at 10-3 M concentration were measured in blood from humans, monkeys, horses, cattle, goats, rats and dogs. Hemolysis data were plotted in the form of Lineweaver-Burke plots and the kinetics considered. The canine red cell was markedly more resistant than the other species as represented by a smaller Vmax. Basal glutathione peroxidase levels of the red cell were assayed in an attempt to correlate the enzyme activity with the haemolysis rates in the species studied. A strong correlation would have explained the dog's high resistance and would have strongly indicated lipid peroxidation as the mechanism of CPZ-induced in vitro hemolysis. No such correlation was found.
Fine mapping of a locus for nonsyndromic mental retardation on chromosome 19p13

Mental retardation (MR) occurs in approximately 3% of the population and therefore significantly impacts public health. Despite this relatively high prevalence, the specific causes of MR remain unknown in most cases, although both genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute. We describe a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive (AR) nonsyndromic MR (NSMR). Because the consanguinity of this family is complex, we explore alternative approaches for generating accurate estimates of the evidence for linkage in this family, and demonstrate evidence for linkage to chromosome 19p13 (lod score ranging from 1.2 to 3.5, depending on assumptions of allele frequencies). Fine mapping of the linked region defined a critical region of 3.6 Mb, which overlaps with a previously reported gene (CC2D1A) for MR. However, no mutations in the coding region of this gene are present in the family we describe. These results suggest that another gene causing autosomal recessive nonsyndromic MR (ARNSMR) is located within this genomic region.
Judging the Lengths of Curved Lines

Studying the psychophysical functions that physical length of lines to the perceived length is critical for the understanding of the perception of displays like maps and graphs. Previous research has examined straight lines and the circumference of a circle. The present research investigated the judgment of the length of both straight and curved lines, varying from slight to moderately high degrees of curvature and varying in length. In two experiments, the psychophysical functions relating perceived length to the physical length of a line was found to be similar for straight and curved lines. The Stevens' Law exponent for the straight and curved lines tended to be close to 1.0 for all lines, independent of curvature. The paper discusses spatial judgments, with a focus on the differences in the psychophysical functions or the various types of lines.
Association between depression and nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women with perinatally acquired HIV

Women with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) face unique psychosocial challenges due to the presence of a lifelong chronic illness and often unstable living situations. With advances in HIV treatment, an increasing number of those with PAH are reaching childbearing age and becoming pregnant. Depression may be an important and common factor that complicates both treatment and pregnancy outcomes in this group. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in pregnant patients with PAH to determine if history of depression is associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We reviewed charts of women with PAH receiving prenatal care at a single institution from March 1995 to December 2012. ART nonadherence was measured by patient self-report of any missed doses in the third trimester. Demographic, obstetric, and HIV infection characteristics of patients with a history of depression (dPAH) were compared to patients without a history of depression. Nine pregnancies among 6 dPAH women and 14 pregnancies among 12 PAH women without a history of depression were identified. None of the dPAH women reported 100% adherence to ART in the third trimester while 57% of women without a history of depression reported strict adherence (p = 0.04). The mean HIV RNA level at delivery was higher among dPAH women (17,399 vs. 2966 copies/Ml; p = 0.03) and fewer reached an undetectable HIV RNA level (<400 copies/mL) at delivery (p = 0.03). We concluded that a history of depression may contribute to poor medication adherence and treatment outcomes among pregnant women with PAH. Focused attention on diagnosis and treatment of depression in the preconception period may lead to more optimal medication adherence.
The effect of hexose on chloramphenicol sensitivity and resistance in Chinese hamster cells.

The toxicity and extent of growth inhibition produced by chloramphenicol (CAP) in CAPs Chinese hamster cells (line V79-5) was found to be dependent on the type and concentration of hexose in the medium. In high levels of glucose (6.5 mM), cultures of CAPs cells underwent 7–8 population doublings in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP and viability then dropped rapidly. In contrast, lower concentrations of glucose (1.0 mM) permitted only limited growth (2–3 doublings) in the presence of 100 μg/ml CAP, but the cells remained viable and apparently quiescent for prolonged periods of time. The growth potential of V79-5 cells in CAP appeared specifically dependent on glucose, as mannose and galactose could not substitute for glucose. The toxicity of CAP to these cells seemed to be determined primarily by the number of cell doublings in the presence of the drug. A CAPR derivative of V79-5, designated 5-3, was analyzed in order to determine whether the requirement for glucose for cell growth in the presence of CAP also occurred in cells that were isolated as resistant to the drug. In order to rigorously control the hexose in the medium, some experiments were performed with medium containing dialysed, instead of whole, fetal calf serum. It was seen that the growth of the CAPR line in the presence (but not the absence) of 100 μg/ml CAP was dependent on glucose in the medium. Thus, resistance to CAP in these cells appears to be a conditional state, dependent on glucose for expression. Furthermore, the glucose auxotrophy of these cells in the presence of CAP suggests that CAP is still affecting some activities in cells isolated as CAPR.
A characterization of the linear and non-linear dynamic performance of a practical piezoelectric actuator part 1: Measurements

Abstract In an attempt to characterize the macroscopic dynamic performance of a piezoelectric actuator, measurements were taken of important lumped mechanical and electrical parameters for a commercially available piezo-electric actuator. The data include measurements of hysteresis between the applied voltage and the resulting displacements and/or charge accumulation, displacement frequency response, mechanical damping, signal distortion and gain. These measurements indicate the macroscopic effects of varying a.c. and d.c. components of the applied input voltage. Result demonstrate significant non-linearities and indicate under what conditions this device can be treated as linear.
Nil and strongly nil derivations

In a semiprime algebra R over a field of characteristic p ≥ 0, a derivation d is called nil if for each x ∊ R there is n such that dnx = 0. It is called strongly nil if it is induced by a nil element in the symmetric ring of quotients. The first result of this paper is an intrinsic criterion on a nil derivation being strongly nil. We then use this criterion to establish some relation between a nilpotent derivation and a strongly nilpotent derivation after a preliminary discussion of the nilpotency, or index of nilpotency, of a nilpotent derivation. Examples are given later in the paper to show that in some sense these results are best possible. This paper is self contained.
Slippery Slopes to Apprehension

Two experiments examined the interactive effects of rational thinking style and variations in the slopes of threatening trends on individuals’ judgments. In Experiment 1, individuals read news stories containing graphical depictions of linearly increasing rates of campus theft. Apprehension, problem seriousness, and perceived risk of theft victimization judgments were made in response to three different slopes (shallow, moderate, and steep). High rationals demonstrated less apprehension and more attenuated problem seriousness judgments, and high rationals’ judgments showed greater variabilityin response to the slope variations than did those of the low rationals. Experiment 2 employed a linear and two nonlinear functions with identical initial and final values. Results for Experiment 2 were consistent with those of Experiment 1. High rationals appear more likely to heed cues that serve to reduce the amount of apprehension they experience in response to graphically presented information about increasingly ...
Unlinked cluster corrections for configuration interaction calculations

Abstract The four-electron unlinked-cluster contribution to the correlation energy of a many-electron atom or molecule is derived for a CI wavefunction composed of a reference determinant and all double excitations from the reference determinant. The resulting formula is valid for small to moderate numbers of electrons, and yields a result of zero for two- and three-electron states. For moderate and large numbers of electrons, the formula is very similar to Davidson's.
Using research evidence to reframe the policy debate around mental illness and guns: process and recommendations.

Recent mass shootings have prompted a national dialogue around mental illness and gun policy. To advance an evidence-informed policy agenda on this controversial issue, we formed a consortium of national gun violence prevention and mental health experts. The consortium agreed on a guiding principle for future policy recommendations: restricting firearm access on the basis of certain dangerous behaviors is supported by the evidence; restricting access on the basis of mental illness diagnoses is not. We describe the group’s process and recommendations.
Airborne CO 2 DIAL measurement of atmospheric tracer gas concentration distributions

An airborne differential absorption lidar system employing high-energy line-tunable CO2 lasers has been used to map cross-plume vertical distributions resulting from a near-surface SF6 tracer gas release. The remote SF6 tracer measurement technique may be suitable to evaluate distributions of toxic and hazardous materials accidentally released into the atmosphere providing tracer gas is also released during the accident. The technique also may provide transport and diffusion data needed for development and validation of atmospheric computational models that predict downwind distribution of materials released into the atmosphere.
ATC (automatic target cueing) algorithm evaluation (Abstract Only)

The high volume of satellite derived oceanographic data, and the relatively high level of skill associated with the detection of important features in multi-sensor oceanographic datasets, has necessitated automating the analysis process. Since 1983 the Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NOARL) at NASA's Stennis Space Center has been involved in a effort which transitions research in automated interpretive techniques to operational use. The NOARL image understanding system's basic philosophy is unique in its strong emphasis on integration of different artificial intelligence techniques, conventional image processing techniques, statistical techniques, and low level vision techniques, making use of the strengths of each technique to optimally achieve the ultimate goal; an object based map showing icons which relate to detected features in the oceanographic imagery. The present paper describes the approach implemented, discusses lessons learned in past development efforts, and explains the rationale for the future evolutionary course of the system.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Amyloid β-protein: Monomer structure and early aggregation states of Aβ42 and its Pro19 alloform

The amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is a seminal neuropathic agent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence points to soluble Abeta oligomers as the probable neurotoxic species. Among the naturally occurring Abeta peptides, the 42-residue form Abeta42 is linked particularly strongly with AD, even though it is produced at approximately 10% of the levels of the more abundant 40-residue form Abeta40. Here, we apply mass spectrometry and ion mobility to the study of Abeta42 and its Pro19 alloform. The Phe19 --> Pro19 substitution blocks fibril formation by [Pro19]Abeta42. Evidence indicates that solution-like structures of Abeta monomers are electrosprayed and characterized. Unfiltered solutions of Abeta42 produce only monomers and large oligomers, whereas [Pro19]Abeta42 solutions produce abundant monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers but no large oligomers. When passed through a 10,000 amu filter and immediately sampled, Abeta42 solutions produce monomers, dimers, tetramers, hexamers, and an aggregate of two hexamers that may be the first step in protofibril formation. These results are consistent with recently published photochemical cross-linking data and lend support to recent aggregation mechanisms proposed by Bitan, Teplow, and co-workers [J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 34882-34889].
Synthesis and Properties of a (Diarylamino)ferrocene and Its Radical Cation

(Di-p-tolylamino)ferrocene (1) was synthesized using Pd-catalyzed C−N bond formation; it is oxidized at −250 mV vs ferrocene in THF. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show the unpaired electron ...
Cyclobutadiene–C60 Adducts: N-Type Materials for Organic Photovoltaic Cells with High VOC

New tetraalkylcyclobutadiene–C60 adducts are developed via Diels–Alder cycloaddition of C60 with in situ generated cyclobutadienes. The cofacial π-orbital interactions between the fullerene orbitals and the cyclobutene are shown to decrease the electron affinity and thereby increase the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of C60 significantly (ca. 100 and 300 meV for mono- and bisadducts, respectively). These variations in LUMO levels of fullerene can be used to generate higher open-circuit voltages (VOC) in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells. The tetramethylcyclobutadiene–C60 monoadduct displays an open-circuit voltage (0.61 V) and a power conversion efficiency (2.49%) comparable to the widely used P3HT/PCBM (poly(3-hexylthiophene/([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) composite (0.58 V and 2.57%, respectively). The role of the cofacial π-orbital interactions between C60 and the attached cyclobutene group was probed chemically by epoxidation of the cyclobutene moiety and theoretically through density functional theory calculations. The electrochemical, photophysical, and thermal properties of the newly synthesized fullerene derivatives support the proposed effect of functionalization on electron affinities and photovoltaic performance.
Iron-based second-sphere contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging: development of a model system and evaluation of iron (III) tris (tironate) complex in rats.

Rationale and Objectives. Iron(III) complexes have been developed as magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents based on the use of ligands capable of providing coordinative saturation at iron and allowing the second-sphere hydrogen bonding of water molecules. Methods. Studies of solution-phase binding of a probe ion to a diamagnetic metal catecholate complex and molecular orbital calculations were performed. R1 values were determined. Toxicity studies of iron(III) tris(tironate) were conducted with rats. Excretion studies were performed by analysis of urine samples. MR measurements were made. Results. Second-sphere coordination of a probe ion to a metal catecholate complex occurred in solution. Molecular orbital calculations suggested flexibility in design. Iron(III) tris (catecholate) complexes were shown to have high R1 values. Images of the kidneys and liver showed dose-dependent enhancement in T1-weighted images. The onset of toxicity was at approximately 0.30 mmol/kg. Urine analysis indicated essentially complete clearance (0.1–0.2 mmol/kg) within 24–48 hours. Conclusion. Interactions between water molecules and basic sites within a paramagnetic metal-ligand complex allow for application of suitable complexes as T1 agents.
9:45-10:00. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is Superior to Computerized Tomography (CT) for Metastatic Staging in Melanoma Patients.

PET provides diagnostic information currently not available with traditional imaging. Retrospective analysis was performed of 104 patients with primary or recurrent melanoma who underwent PET for staging to determine sensitivity/specificity compared to body CT. 157 PET and 70 CT scans were analyzed with a mean follow up of 26 months. Metastatic events were confirmed with positive histology (73%) or documented disease progression.PET demonstrated 86% sensitivity and 97% specificity in 41 patients with metastasis. CT showed 57% sensitivity and 70% specificity in 30 patients with metastasis. Exclusion of areas not evaluated on CT (head, neck/supraclavicular, and extremities) increased CT sensitivity to 68%. Fifty-three patients underwent 67 consecutive CT and PET scans that detected 132 metastases in 30 individuals. PET detected a greater percentage of metastases (83%) compared to CT (56%), and specifically, in the soft tissue, neck, peripheral/mediastinal/intraabdominal lymph nodes, and small bowel. PET detected 100% of mediastinal metastasis while CT detected only 67%. Surprisingly, PET detected 84% of lung parenchymal metastasis compared to 72% with CT.PET is more sensitive and specific than CT for detection of melanoma metastasis and should be considered the primary staging study upon suspicion of recurrent disease. PET shows greater ability to detect soft tissue, small bowel, and lymph node metastasis that do not meet criteria designated as abnormal by CT. Likewise, CT does not routinely evaluate the supraclavicular area, neck, or upper/lower extremities. However, even when these sites are excluded from comparative analysis, PET is superior to CT in detecting melanoma metastasis.
Effect of ethyl alcohol on thermoregulation in mice following the induction of hypothermia or hyperthermia.

Abstract This study was designed to assess the effects of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) administration on behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in mice subjected to severe hypothermia or hyperthermia. Male mice of the BALB/c strain were injected intraperitoneally with ethanol at dosages of 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 g/kg and then placed within a hot environmental chamber to raise their body temperature to 41°C or, alternatively, within a cold chamber to lower it to 28°C. Once the desired hypothermic or hyperthermic state was achieved, the mice were removed from the chamber and placed in either a temperature gradient to monitor behavioral thermoregulatory responses or in an environmental chamber thermostabilized at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 28°C to monitor metabolic rate. The 3.0 g/kg dosage significantly affected behavioral thermoregulatory responses of the hyperthermic mice when initially placed in the temperature gradient. The ability to increase metabolic rate following hypothermia was significantly suppressed at 3.0 g/kg. Dosages of 1.0 and 3.0 g/kg inhibited metabolic rate of hyperthermic mice. Both hypothermic and hyperthermic mice given 3.0 g/kg of ethanol had colonic temperatures significantly below normal after placement in the temperature gradient and metabolic chamber. In conclusion, relatively large dosages of ethanol impair behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation and may lower the set-point for the control of body temperature in mice.
Loss of humanness: the ultimate trauma.

This paper is about chronic illness and its impact on the chronically ill and their loved ones who live through the illness and the eventual death. A new concept is introduced, the concept of “passing”: physically ill people may pass as healthy even though they are physically ill. In addition to a discussion about why people choose to pass, two major paradoxes are considered. One concerns the paradox that results from “passing.” The paradox is that while the falseness of “passing” keeps the self alive, it also deadens it before death. Specifically, “passing” enables the person with a physical illness to keep his well self alive with others, but results in one feeling dead, disconnected, detached, and inauthentic, before death. The second paradox involves the pressure on the chronically ill person to be heroically agentic in fighting the illness and overcoming it and, also, the pressure for this same person to be totally submissive and compliant with treatment. While in analytic treatment, the ill person can be helped to access authentic emotions and aliveness and to feel the power of authenticity.
College Persistence over Time and Participation in a First-Year Seminar:

Retention and graduation rates of an entire cohort of 1,913 first-time full-time college students are analyzed. The effects of participation in a first year experience (FYE) course and of entry lev...
Image in endocrinology: Intratracheal ectopic thyroid mass.

A 39-yr-old woman presented with dyspnea and cough. She had undergone total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter 15 yr earlier, with subsequent T4 replacement therapy. Inspiratory stridor was noted. Serum TSH was 2.95 mIU/ml (normal, 0.3–4.0 mIU/ml). A magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the neck showed a subglottic tumor with severe occlusion of the trachea (Figs. 1 and 2). Direct laryngoscopy revealed a subglottic mass covered with normal mucosa. Tc scintigraphy showed homogenous subglottic uptake compatible with a thyroid tissue. A transtracheal surgical approach was used to remove the tumor. Pathology showed a follicular thyroid tissue with no features of malignancy.
The Hardy-Littlewood function: an exercise in slowly convergent series

The function in question is H(x) = Σk=1∞ sin(x/k)/k. In deference to the general theme of this conference, a summation procedure is first described using orthogonal polynomials and polynomial/rational Gauss quadrature. Its effectiveness is limited to relatively small (positive) values of x. Direct summation with acceleration is shown to be more powerful for very large values of x. Such values are required to explore a (in the meantime disproved) conjecture of Alzer and Berg, according to which H(x) is bounded from below by -π/2.