cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small‐Molecule Compounds Exhibiting Target‐Mediated Drug Disposition (TMDD): A Minireview

Nonlinearities are commonplace in pharmacokinetics, and 1 special source is the saturable binding of the drug to a high-affinity, low-capacity target, a phenomenon known as target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD). Compared with large-molecule compounds undergoing TMDD, which has been well recognized due to its high prevalence, TMDD in small-molecule compounds is more counterintuitive and has not been well appreciated. With more and more potent small-molecule drugs acting on highly specific targets being developed as well as increasingly sensitive analytical techniques becoming available, many small-molecule compounds have recently been reported to have nonlinear pharmacokinetics imparted by TMDD. To expand our current knowledge of TMDD in small-molecule compounds and increase the awareness of this clinically important phenomenon, this minireview provides an overview of the small-molecule compounds that demonstrate nonlinear pharmacokinetics imparted by TMDD. The present review also summarizes the general features of TMDD in small-molecule compounds and highlights the differences between TMDD in small-molecule compounds and large-molecule compounds.
Epigenetic regulation of cancer biology and anti-tumor immunity by EZH2

Polycomb group proteins regulate chromatin structure and have an important regulatory role on gene expression in various cell types. Two polycomb group complexes (Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and 2 (PRC2)) have been identified in mammalian cells. Both PRC1 and PRC2 compact chromatin, and also catalyze histone modifications. PRC1 mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A, whereas PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27. These alterations of histones can lead to altered gene expression patterns by regulating chromatin structure. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of the PRC2 catalytic component enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in neoplastic development and progression, and EZH2 mutations have been identified in various malignancies. Through modulating the expression of critical genes, EZH2 is actively involved in fundamental cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In addition to cancer cells, EZH2 also has a decisive role in the differentiation and function of T effector and T regulatory cells. In this review we summarize the recent progress regarding the role of EZH2 in human malignancies, highlight the molecular mechanisms by which EZH2 aberrations promote the pathogenesis of cancer, and discuss the anti-tumor effects of EZH2 targeting via activating direct anti-cancer mechanisms and anti-tumor immunity.
Draft Genome Sequence of Strain LSUCC0135, an Early Diverging Member of the Order Methylophilales in the Phylum Betaproteobacteria

ABSTRACT We present the draft genome of Methylophilales sp. strain LSUCC0135, isolated using high-throughput dilution-to-extinction culturing methods from the coast of Freshwater City, Louisiana, USA. The genome indicates metabolic flexibility for differing oxygen concentrations and electron donors.
Abstract 18479: Short- and Long-term Air Pollution Exposure and the Risk for Premature Atrial Contractions and Atrial Fibrillation: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

Background: Air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This suggests a potential association between air pollution and supraventricular arrhythmias, such as prema...
Complete genome sequences of two acetylene-fermenting Pelobacter acetylenicus strains

ABSTRACT Acetylene fermentation is a rare metabolism that was serendipitously discovered during C2H2-block assays of N2O reductase. Here, we report the genome sequences of two type strains of acetylene-fermenting Pelobacter acetylenicus, the freshwater bacterium DSM 3246 and the estuarine bacterium DSM 3247.
Prognostic Models Predictive of Disease Progression in CLL Patients Treated with Ibrutinib

Abstract Introduction: Progressive disease on ibrutinib is an emerging area of an unmet need. The key mechanism of ibrutinib resistance is driven by the growth of subclones with BTK and/or PLCG2 mutations under selective pressure from therapy [Woyach JA et al, N Engl J Med 2014; Burger et al, Nat Commun 2016]. It is unclear, however, how to effectively discriminate patients who are at risk of progression during ibrutinib. Established prognostic factors in CLL were developed in the context of chemoimmunnotherapy, and only limited data are available on predictive values of complex karyotype [Thompson et al, Cancer 2015] and deletion 17p [Byrd et al, Blood 2015] in patients receiving ibrutinib. To determine predictive values of conventional prognostic factors in CLL, we performed multivariate analyses of factors relevant to progression-free survival (PFS) on ibrutinib. Methods and Patients: 84 evaluable CLL patients received single-agent ibrutinib 420mg once daily under a phase II investigator-initiated trial (NCT01500733). 3-year safety and efficacy results from this trial were previously reported [Farooqui et al, 2015 ASH Annual Meeting Abstract 2937]. Briefly, eligible patients had either TP53 aberration (deletion 17p by FISH or TP53 mutation by targeted sequencing) or were 65 years or older. The study included both treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory patients. Metaphase karyotype was not routinely performed. The study was approved by the institutional review board, and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Cox regression models were used to identify independent predictors of progression. Probability of PFS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to compare PFS probabilities between subgroups. Statistical analyses were performed using R statistical software version 3.2.3. Result: At the median follow up of 34.3 months, 19 (22.6%) of 84 evaluable patients progressed or died on study; 15 (17.9%) patients progressed and 4 (4.8%) additional patients died due to reasons unrelated to progression. Independent factors of PFS identified from univariate analysis were; TP53 aberration, prior treatment, advanced Rai stage (III/IV) and high beta-2 microgloblin (B2M) (>4mg/L or = Conclusion: This is the first integrated risk scoring system developed from patients receiving ibrutinib If confirmed in independent cohorts this model could enable early risk stratification for treatment trials with combination regimens or with alternative targeted agents. Conversely, the absence of adverse prognostic factors can be used to identify a subgroup who may benefit from single-agent ibrutinib and can potentially discontinue therapy if deep responses are achieved after long-term ibrutinib. Download : Download high-res image (96KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (110KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Farooqui: Merck: Employment. Wiestner: Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Acerta Pharma: Research Funding.
Ambiguous Asymmetric Schemes

This paper presents three different schemes, two of which protect against private key exposure in asymmetric primitives. We extend "Ambiguous Multi-Symmetric Cryptography" (AMSC) to public key cryptography and analyze security and performance. Two of the schemes allow the receiver to have plausible deniability if compelled to give up their private asymmetric keys as a tool for deniable encryption. The third scheme can be used to distribute messages to n receivers using one cipher. All schemes strengthen asymmetric primitives in general and provide security beyond conventional brute-force bounds. In particular, we test one scheme and find that it is faster than RSA when sending n plain-texts in both encryption and decryption, but it is slower in initialization.
Modeling global Hammond landform regions from 250‐m elevation data

In 1964, E.H. Hammond proposed criteria for classifying and mapping physiographic regions of the United States. Hammond produced a map entitled “Classes of Land Surface Form in the Forty-Eight States, USA”, which is regarded as a pioneering and rigorous treatment of regional physiography. Several researchers automated Hammond?s model in GIS. However, these were local or regional in application, and resulted in inadequate characterization of tablelands. We used a global 250 m DEM to produce a new characterization of global Hammond landform regions. The improved algorithm we developed for the regional landform modeling: (1) incorporated a profile parameter for the delineation of tablelands; (2) accommodated negative elevation data values; (3) allowed neighborhood analysis window (NAW) size to vary between parameters; (4) more accurately bounded plains regions; and (5) mapped landform regions as opposed to discrete landform features. The new global Hammond landform regions product builds on an existing global Hammond landform features product developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, which, while globally comprehensive, did not include tablelands, used a fixed NAW size, and essentially classified pixels rather than regions. Our algorithm also permits the disaggregation of “mixed” Hammond types (e.g. plains with high mountains) into their component parts.
Abstract WMP89: Bilateral Priming Followed by Task Specific Training Can Improve Moderate to Severe Post-Stroke Upper Extremity Hemiparesis

INTRODUCTION: Priming techniques to facilitate improved motor performance have been examined in stroke rehabilitation research. Reported techniques include transcranial electric (TES) or magnetic (...
Approximation and convergence in the estimation of random parameters in linear holomorphic semigroups generated by regularly dissipative operators

We develop an abstract approximation and convergence framework for the estimation of random parameters in infinite dimensional dynamical systems governed by regularly dissipative operators in a Gelfand triple setting. Our results are motivated by a problem involving the development of a data analysis system for a transdermal alcohol biosensor. Our approach combines some recent results for random abstract parabolic systems with ideas contained in a treatment of Prohorov metric convergence of approximations in the estimation of random parameters in abstract dynamical systems based on aggregate or population data. Our approach differs in that we found it necessary to require that the distributions of our random parameters be described by probability density functions. Our convergence results rely on the well-known Trotter-Kato approximation theorem from linear semigroup theory.
Parental Concerns About Students' Transition Into College: Substance Use and Sexual Assault.

Parents play an important role in the development of their college-bound children, including engagement in risk behaviors and associated consequences. Still, few studies have investigated parental concerns about their children’s transition into college. The aim of this study was to describe parental concerns about substance use and sexual assault and to test differences between parents of sons and parents of daughters in their levels of concern and communication. Data are from 450 parents of incoming students to a large, midwestern university. Parents responded to questions regarding their concerns about substance use and sexual assault. Results found that parents of sons are more concerned about substance use while parents of daughters are more concerned about sexual assault. Parents of daughters also communicate more about sexual assault than parents of sons. Finally, there was a positive relationship between relationship quality and communication about sexual assault. Implications for future research a...
Climate Change, Migration, and Regional Economic Impacts in the United States

AbstractRecent studies predict that climate change will lead to a redistribution of population across the United States, as people choose to locate in regions less susceptible to extreme climate. H...
“It’s Like a Cyber-Security Blanket”: The Utility of Remote Activity Monitoring in Family Dementia Care:

Technologies have emerged that aim to help older persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) remain at home while also supporting their caregiving family members. However, the usefulness of these innovations, particularly in home-based care contexts, remains underexplored. The current study evaluated the acceptability and utility of an in-home remote activity monitoring (RAM) system for 30 family caregivers of persons with ADRD via quantitative survey data collected over a 6-month period and qualitative survey and interview data collected for up to 18 months. A parallel convergent mixed methods design was employed. The integrated qualitative and quantitative data suggested that RAM technology offered ongoing monitoring and provided caregivers with a sense of security. Considerable customization was needed so that RAM was most appropriate for persons with ADRD. The findings have important clinical implications when considering how RAM can supplement, or potentially substitute for, ADRD family care.
Landscape Effects on Reproduction of Euschistus servus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a Mobile, Polyphagous, Multivoltine Arthropod Herbivore

Landscape factors can significantly influence arthropod populations. The economically important brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a native mobile, polyphagous and multivoltine pest of many crops in southeastern United States and understanding the relative influence of local and landscape factors on their reproduction may facilitate population management. Finite rate of population increase (λ) was estimated in four major crop hosts-maize, peanut, cotton, and soybean-over 3 yr in 16 landscapes of southern Georgia. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to characterize the surrounding landscape structure. LASSO regression was used to identify the subset of local and landscape characteristics and predator densities that account for variation in λ. The percentage area of maize, peanut and woodland and pasture in the landscape and the connectivity of cropland had no influence on E. servus λ. The best model for explaining variation in λ included only four predictor variables: whether or not the sampled field was a soybean field, mean natural enemy density in the field, percentage area of cotton in the landscape and the percentage area of soybean in the landscape. Soybean was the single most important variable for determining E. servus λ, with much greater reproduction in soybean fields than in other crop species. Penalized regression and post-selection inference provide conservative estimates of the landscape-scale determinants of E. servus reproduction and indicate that a relatively simple set of in-field and landscape variables influences reproduction in this species.
Childhood Sexuality in the Psychiatric Textbook

In spite of a marked liberalization in adult attitudes toward sexuality over the past thirty years, there has been little change in cultural attitudes toward childhood sexuality. An analysis of fifteen psychiatric textbooks in current use reflect this bias as these books continue to associate childhood sexuality with various pathologies. Overall, the most positive view is provided by child psychiatric textbooks, those authored by women and those in the area of child psychiatry. The author illustrates these contentions through a statistical analysis and quotes, from various textbooks. She discusses how the negative bias toward childhood sexuality influences other aspects of residency training.
Implications of Maternal Programming for Fetal Neurodevelopment

The transition to motherhood is arguably the most fundamental and profound stage in the lifespan of a female. The end result is an extensive transformation of the female, affecting her behaviors, emotions, and motivations. The magnitude of physiological change required to produce successful parturition cannot be underestimated. The dynamic process of pregnancy results in alterations in maternal anatomy, physiology, and metabolism, with each organ adapting differently [1, 2]. Among the changes is the growth and development of a new organ, the placenta, that has immune, endocrine, and vascular properties [3]. In part because of, and in addition to, the influences of the placenta, a pregnant woman experiences increases in blood volumes and cardiac output, hypercoagulation, insulin resistance, and a shift from a T-helper cell (Th)-1 to a Th-2 cytokine profile in the immune system [1, 4–6]. These changes are among those comprising the extensive transformation of maternal physiology necessary to maintain the pregnancy and to prepare the maternal brain for the challenges of motherhood.
Nondestructive Characterization of the Nucleation and Early Vertical Bridgman Crystal Growth of Cd1-xZnxTe

Cd1-xZnxTe alloys (where 0.03<x<0.05) used as substrates for infrared focal plane arrays detectors1, 2 are typically grown by the unseeded directional solidification of a melt via either a vertical or horizontal Bridgman process1, 3, 4. In a vertical Bridgman process, the initiation of the growth process appears to be a crucial step controlling subsequent bulk ingot quality1, 3, 4, 5. A number of experimental and modeling effort have sought to correlate the controllable growth parameters with resulting characteristics of the solidified ingot such as degree of single crystallinity, dislocation density and solute segregation etc.6, 7. However, an inadequate understanding of melt undercooling and the detailed thermal conditions at the ampoule tip have seriously hampered the design of the initial solid nucleation process.
Versatile Bioconjugation Chemistries of ortho-Boronyl Aryl Ketones and Aldehydes.

ConspectusBiocompatible and bioorthogonal conjugation reactions have proven to be powerful tools in biological research and medicine. While the advent of bioorthogonal conjugation chemistries greatly expands our capacity to interrogate specific biomolecules in situ, biocompatible reactions that target endogenous reactive groups have given rise to a number of covalent drugs as well as a battery of powerful research tools. Despite the impressive progress, limitations do exist with the current conjugation chemistries. For example, most known bioorthogonal conjugations suffer from slow reaction rates and imperfect bioorthogonality. On the other hand, covalent drugs often display high toxicity due to off-target labeling and immunogenicity. These limitations demand continued pursuit of conjugation chemistries with optimal characteristics for biological applications. A spate of papers appearing in recent literature report the conjugation chemistries of 2-formyl and 2-acetyl phenylboronic acids (abbreviated as 2-...
Acupuncture: Bridging the Gap Between the Military and Veterans' Health Systems

This research brief describes the use of acupuncture as a mechanism for the development of crossagency knowledge translation and evidence-based practices in order to ensure the best possible care for the nation's veterans.
Uncommon etiology of chronic wheeze

Endobronchial tuberculosis (TB) refers to TB infection of the tracheobronchial tree. We report the case of a 62-year-old immunocompetent patient of chronic cough with normal X-ray. She did not have any systemic complaints suggestive of TB. Her diagnosis was made when she underwent bronchoscopy to look for any endobronchial cause of cough. It revealed complete caseation in the airways. Microscopically and pathologically, it was confirmed to be tubercular. The patient improved clinically on antitubercular therapy.
Sensory Acceptability of Puréed Foods

It is important that we enjoy the food we eat. This makes for a better quality of life. This is no different for those people needing to be on pureed diets due to swallowing problems. And just like you wouldn’t want to serve guests a recipe without trying it first, you don’t want to serve a pureed food without knowing that it is appealing. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Jamila R. Lepore and Wendy J. Dahl and published by the UF Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, November 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs206
Satellite-Derived Tropical Cyclone Intensities And Structure Change (TCS-08)

Abstract : Long Range Goals: Routinely map the life cycle of a tropical cyclone's (TC) intensity, inner-core structure and structure change with special attention to capabilities derived from satellite data, while incorporating the Tropical Cyclone Structure (TCS-08) field program data sets from August-September 2008.
State of the science in pediatric ICU delirium: An integrative review

Delirium is a complication of critical illness associated with poor outcomes. Although widely studied in adults, comparatively little is understood about delirium in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of this integrative review is to determine the extent and nature of current evidence, identify gaps in the literature, and outline future areas for investigation of pediatric ICU delirium. Eligible articles included research reports of delirium in pediatric ICU samples published in English since 2009. After an extensive literature search and consideration for inclusion/exclusion criteria, 22 articles were chosen for review. Delirium was highly prevalent in the ICU. Delirium episodes developed early in hospitalization, lasted several days, and consisted of hypoactive or mixed motor subtypes. Frequently identified independent risk factors included young age, developmental delay, mechanical ventilation, and benzodiazepine exposure. Pediatric delirium was independently associated with increased length of stay, costs, and mortality. The long-term cognitive, psychological, and functional morbidities associated with pediatric delirium remain largely unknown. Few researchers have implemented interventions to prevent or manage delirium. There was little evidence for the efficacy or safety of pharmacological management. Multicomponent delirium bundles may significantly decrease delirium incidence. Key quality issues among studies included variation in delirium screening, low levels of evidence (i.e., observational studies), and limited ability to determine intervention efficacy in quasi-experimental designs. Although the quantity and quality of pediatric delirium research has rapidly increased, further studies are needed to understand the long-term effects of pediatric delirium and determine the efficacy and safety of interventions for prevention and management.
Endoscopic Management of Pancreaticobiliary Disease.

The evolution of advanced pancreaticobiliary endoscopy in the past 50 years is remarkable. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has progressed from a diagnostic test to an almost entirely therapeutic procedure. The endoscopist must have a clear understanding of the indications for ERCP to avoid unnecessary complications, including post-ERCP pancreatitis. Endoscopic ultrasound initially was used as a diagnostic tool but now is equipped with accessary channels allowing endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions in various pancreaticobiliary conditions. This review discusses the endoscopic management of common pancreatic and biliary diseases along with the techniques, indications, outcomes, and complications of pancreaticobiliary endoscopy.
Abstract 14083: Implantable Loop Recorders Change Management in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke With or Without Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Implantable loop recorders (ILR) are widely used for long term arrhythmia monitoring in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). Single center study has shown that some patients with in...
So…What is Your Story? Senior Capstone Design Course Introduces Storytelling

Storytelling was integrated into two consecutive senior capstone design courses, as meaningful stories inspire people and build faith in the storyteller. The senior capstone courses included Brand Development and Collection development courses. The objectives of this learning practice are to narrate the integration of storytelling fundamentals into the courses, its influence on students’ design work, and enhancement of their learning and career competencies.
Demographic, Residential, and Socioeconomic Effects on the Distribution of 19th Century US White Statures

Using a source of 19th century US state prison records, this study addresses European-American stature variation. The most commonly cited sources for stature variation are diets, disease, and work effort. However, vitamin D is also vital in human statures and health. This paper demonstrates that 19th century white statures were positively associated with direct sunlight, which is the primary source of vitamin D in mammals. Stature and insolation are associated with occupations, and workers who spent more time outdoors produced more vitamin D and grew taller. White statures also decreased throughout the 19th century, and this stature diminution is observed across the stature distribution.
Developments in the first year of a resilience-focused program for health care workers.

Abstract The present article comprises a one-year retrospective review of the efforts of the Mount Sinai Center for Stress, Resilience and Personal Growth, an initiative to support the resilience and well-being of health care workers that was founded amid the first peak of the pandemic in New York in 2020. Specific offerings to date have included evidence-backed resilience workshops, a digital health platform, and a specialty screening and treatment service. All services have been modified or expanded in response to changing needs and are subject to ongoing research. Robust evidence-based programming that addressing health care worker well-being, regardless of role, may prove beneficial to institutions well beyond the pandemic.
Do Ask and Do Tell: Rethinking the Lawyer's Duty to Warn in Domestic Violence Cases

Empirical data document that while domestic violence victims face high risk of recurring abuse, batterers' lawyers may be privy to information that could avert further harm. Attorneys owe a duty of confidentiality to their clients that can be breached only in extraordinary circumstances, such as when counsel learns her client plans to commit a crime. To resolve the tension between client confidentiality and victim safety, this Article argues that, in the context of domestic violence cases, lawyers have an affirmative duty to (1) screen battering clients who have indicated a likelihood of harming others, (2) attempt to dissuade them from carrying out planned violent crimes, and (3) warn identifiable abuse victims whom their clients have threatened. Using doctrinal and normative analyses, the Article posits that attorneys who fail to take these preemptive actions may be held liable in tort for their omissions. In addition to clarifying the lawyer's obligations, this Article provides guidance as to the steps necessary for avoiding tort liability while increasing victim safety. It concludes with specific recommendations for remedial statutory changes consistent with fundamental precepts of a lawyer's professional responsibility.
Multiply Charged Atomic Clusters

The stability of charged droplets is of great importance to a variety of phenomena, such as thunderheads, electrospray techniques, and liquid-metal ion sources. A thorough theoreti-cal analysis was published over a Century ago.1 The subject received renewed interest after the discovery of nuclear fission2–4 and, a decade ago, after the discovery of lower size limits in mass spectra of multiply charged atomic and molecular Clusters.5 Early studies focussed on the relation of these size limits (“appearance sizes”) to other properties of the material in question, and on their dependence on the charge State z. A coherent picture has emerged for weakly bound Systems, even though the static picture suggested initially is inadequate. For metallic Clusters, appearance sizes have been found to strongly depend on experimental conditions, varying by as much as a factor of ten for the “historical” case of Pb n 2+ . Ab-initio calculations on metals suggest that several doubly charged Clusters comprising as few as 2 or 3 atoms are, indeed, metastable, but their atomic configurations are not accessible by vertical ionization of neutral precursors.
A Motor Efficiency Study of 8,000 New York City High School Boys

(1924). A Motor Efficiency Study of 8,000 New York City High School Boys. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 56-59.
Prediction in Weight Management Outcome: Implications for Practice

Despite hundreds of published, controlled studies reporting the treatment of obesity, results with all of those reporting long-term data are identical: virtually all patients treated regain the lost weight within five years (NIH Technology Assessment Conference Panel, 1993). This finding has contributed to the concept of obesity as a chronic disorder, requiring treatment in a continuing care model (Perri, Nezu, & Viegener, 1992; Goodrick & Foreyt, 1991). But even using this model, which requires the utilization of considerable resources and time, results are modest at best.
Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors as Antiviral Agents to Control Influenza A Virus Replication

Abstract Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes seasonal epidemics of contagious respiratory illness that causes substantial morbidity and some mortality. Regular vaccination is the principal strategy for controlling influenza virus, although vaccine efficacy is variable. IAV antiviral drugs are available; however, substantial drug resistance has developed to two of the four currently FDA-approved antiviral drugs. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are being sought to reduce the burden of influenza-related disease. A high-throughput screen using a human kinase inhibitor library was performed targeting an emerging IAV strain (H7N9) in A549 cells. The inhibitor library contained 273 structurally diverse, active cell permeable kinase inhibitors with known bioactivity and safety profiles, many of which are at advanced stages of clinical development. The current study shows that treatment of human A549 cells with kinase inhibitors dinaciclib, flavopiridol, or PIK-75 exhibits potent antiviral activity against H...
Estimation of J-Integral Uncertainty

A method for determining the effect of random experimental error on the calculation of J and crack length extension Δa is presented. Predictor-corrector equations for determining Δa are also derived and their convergence properties studied. The application to a three-point bend specimen is considered and numerical results presented.
Primary pipe rupture accident analysis for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor

Analyses of primary pipe rupture accidents in the Clinch River Breeder Reactor were carried out with Brookhaven National Laboratory-modified versions of the DEMO code. The thermal transient responses of the core and radial blanket were calculated for a large number of initial conditions and plant configurations. These include studies of variations of pipe break size and operating power. Pipe ruptures commencing from two-loop initial operating conditions are presented. The sensitivity of the thermal response to variations in particular parameters within the estimated ranges of their uncertainties has been studied. Conditions under which sodium boiling in the core occurs are delineated.
Closure to “Flap Gate Design for Automatic Upstream Canal Water Level Control” by Charles M. Burt, Russdon Angold, Mike Lehmkuhl, and Stuart Styles

The discussion by Hager is appreciated. Our work was conducted before the Raemy and Hager (1998) paper was published, and we were not aware of its existence when our paper was written. Our work would have benefited from the Raemy and Hager paper (1998) if it had been available then. It is an excellent contribution to the subject, and covers several technical details better than we did, plus it includes some topics that we did not discuss. The solution of the opening moment (couple) for the Raemy and Hager design is simpler than for our design. Raemy and Hager achieved this simplicity by placing their counterweight in a different plane than the flap, enabling them to always have the pivot at the same point— apparently very close to the upstream water surface. In contrast, with our design each gate has a different vertical and horizontal distance between the hinge and the counterweight. We maintain a substantial vertical distance between the hinge (pivot) point and the water surface. From a construction standpoint in California conditions, our design has advantages. First, the bearings with our design are always well above the water level. This is important because the majority of the installations in California use this gate installed inside existing flashboard structures. It would be difficult to install bearings close to the water surface. Furthermore, in silty water one would expect the bearings to be damaged if they are wet. Second, the construction of our design is simple because everything except the bearing assembly is built in the same plane. The vast majority of the construction is done in irrigation district welding shops, where flat-plate construction has definite advantages. Although the opening couples for the Raemy and Hager gate are computed simply and accurately, their results are only for a suppressed sidewall condition. None of the 100+ installations that I am aware of in California have suppressed conditions. The free discharge we see on the sides and bottom complicates the couple computation because the pressure approaches zero on the sides of the flap as it opens, as well as on the bottom and top of the flap. Our pressure distribution testing results were from an unsuppressed condition. The pressure distribution will also change somewhat depending on whether the bottom of the flap (when closed) is on the floor or is elevated above the floor. In general, the installations with our design have the bottom of the flap well above the upstream floor.
Race, Gender, and the Invisible Hand of Social Capital

To better understand persistent race and gender inequality in the labor market, this article discusses the informal processes by which social connections provide individuals with access to information, influence, and status that help to further people’s careers. Because social networks are segregated by race and gender, access to these social capital resources tends to be greater for white men than for minorities and women. To illustrate this point, research on the invisible hand of social capital is presented. In short, high-level job openings are commonly filled with non-searchers – people who are not looking for new jobs – thanks to their receipt of unsolicited job leads. Recent studies find that this process operates more effectively for white men than for minorities and women, demonstrating how the invisible hand of social capital helps to perpetuate race and gender inequality. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings and directions for future research.
Antibodies to spermatozoa

Abstract A total of 450 infertile women were studied for sperm antibody activity in cervical mucus extracts in vitro over a three year period. Most of the patients had unexplained infertility. Twelve women, or 2.7 per cent, were found to have the sperm-agglutination phenomenon in the cervical mucus extract by means of a microscale test (MIS-agg). This incidence is minimal, since the early cases did not involve the more thorough analysis of later work. Nine of these patients were found to possess similar microscopic sperm agglutination in the sera. In the remaining three patients, the sera failed to show this activity; this could suggest the local production of sperm agglutinin. Careful clinical analysis of these 12 couples strongly suggests that the sperm agglutination in the cervical mucus is the sole reason for infertility of these couples. Cervical mucus extracts from five patients were dialyzed and showed no loss of activity. Follow-up results of six months to three years revealed three pregnancies. Two of these three women were pregnant because of condom therapy. The cervical mucus extracts of 58 women known to be fertile showed no microscale sperm agglutination. These findings suggest that microscale agglutination test phenomena in cervical mucus extracts are linked to immunologic infertility.
Defining the Professional Foundation in Social Work Education

Abstract This paper reports the results of a national study designed to identify preferred curriculum content important to the “professional foundation” in social work education. All BSW program directors were surveyed, using the Delphi Technique, to evaluate potential curriculum content The heavy response indicated a strong interest in this timely issue. The authors found that there is a high degree of consensus on curriculum material thought to be appropriate for a professional foundation.
Unfaithful to Textualism

Linguistic analysis is applied to the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This one-sentence amendment has a syntactic structure comprising an “absolute” (a non-tensed propositional modifier of a main clause) which conditions the speech act embodied in the main clause. Because the absolute’s proposition (“A well-regulated militia is necessary to the security of a free state”) is false, the main clause speech act (prohibition of infringement of the right to keep and bear arms) is unsupported, giving rise to a hard problem: what the Amendment says it does, it doesn’t do, but being law, it does. The linguistic analysis in the majority opinion in D.C. v. Heller (554 U.S. 570 (2008)), authored by Justice Scalia, is analyzed. The analysis shows that Scalia covertly abandoned his own prominently and energetically advocated textualist program. A faithful application of textualism would have resulted in a different outcome in the case.
Simulation of nanoparticle transport in airways using Petrov–Galerkin finite element methods

SUMMARY The transport and deposition properties of nanoparticles with a range of aerodynamic diameters ( 1 nm ⩽ d ⩽150 nm) were studied for the human airways. A finite element code was developed that solved both the Navier–Stokes and advection–diffusion equations monolithically. When modeling nanoparticle transport in the airways, the finite element method becomes unstable, and, in order resolve this issue, various stabilization methods were considered in terms of accuracy and computational cost. The stabilization methods considered here include the streamline upwind, streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin, and Galerkin least squares approaches. In order to compare the various stabilization approaches, the approximate solution from each stabilization approach was compared to the analytical Graetz solution, which is a model for monodispersed, dilute particle transport in a straight cylinder. The optimal stabilization method, especially with regard to accuracy, was found to be the Galerkin least squares approach for the Graetz problem when the Peclet number was larger than 10 4. In the human airways geometry, the Galerkin least squares stabilization approach once more provided the most accurate approximate solution for particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 nm or larger, but mesh size had a much greater effect on accuracy than the choice of stabilization method. The choice of stabilization method had a greater impact than mesh size for particles with an aerodynamic diameter 10 nm or smaller, but the most accurate stabilization method was streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin in these cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintaining Participation and Momentum in Longitudinal Research Involving High-Risk Families

Longitudinal follow-up of high-risk populations presents many challenges to researchers (Zook et al., 2010). Maintaining long-term active participation of study participants is a critical element of successful long-term studies (Aitken, Gallagher, & Madronio, 2003; Marcellus, 2004). Multiple factors, including poverty and substance use, contribute to unstable living situations and unreliable communication techniques that can complicate ongoing interaction with study participants (Bada et al., 2008; Robles, Flaherty, & Day, 1994). Concerns about data validity and the resultant success of peer-reviewed publications are factors often compromised by excessive attrition (Moser, Dracup, & Doering, 2000; Ribisl et al., 1996). The implementation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rule in 2003 greatly impacted research in general, with added costs and research delays and added impediments to communication with families (Ness, 2007). A lifestyle complicated by substance use is one of several obstacles that may interfere with the ability and willingness to continue participation in a longitudinal project (Howard, 1991). The home environment of substance-abusing parents is frequently characterized as chaotic and unstable. Living in poverty also adds numerous challenges to ongoing study participation that include multiple caretakers and residence changes, limited or unreliable transportation, loss of telephone service, and lack of adequate child care. There may also be efforts to achieve anonymity for fear of being located regarding outstanding fiscal responsibilities, immigration issues, or ongoing illegal substance use. This article discusses the numerous approaches available to maintain optimal participation as exemplified in the Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS). Strategies that contributed to the successful reengagement of families following variable periods of dropout as well as proactive ways to promote ongoing retention of a medically complex, high-risk sample are discussed. Overall approaches and individually tailored approaches are presented. Differential compliance of families with drug-exposed versus non-drug-exposed children is also examined.
Temperature-dependent ultraviolet responses in zooplankton : implications of climate change

Climate warming and stratospheric ozone depletion increase temperature and ultraviolet (UV) in mid- to high-latitude ecosystems; however, little is known about the interactive effects of temperature and UV on organisms. We exposed Daphnia catawba, Leptodiaptomus minutus, and Asplanchna girodi to UV-B at four different temperatures: 10, 15, 20, and 25°C. Elevated temperatures increased UV tolerance in D. catawba and L. minutus, species that depend heavily on photoenzymatic repair (PER), but decreased UV tolerance in A. girodi, a species that has less PER. Also, body size in Daphnia decreased with increasing UV dose. These results demonstrate that climate change can alter responses to UV through temperature-mediated effects in aquatic ecosystems, and these effects can be species-specific and dependent on PER ability.
Central administration of the RFamide peptides, QRFP-26 and QRFP-43, increases high fat food intake in rats

Pyrogultamylated arginine-phenylalanineamide peptide (QRFP) is strongly conserved across species and is a member of the family of RFamide-related peptides, with the motif Arg-Phe-NH(2) at the C-terminal end. The precursor peptide for QRFP generates a 26-amino acid peptide (QRFP-26) and a 43-amino acid peptide (QRFP-43), both of which bind to the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR103. Recently, QRFP has been characterized in rats, mice and humans and has been reported to have orexigenic properties. In rodents, prepro-QRFP mRNA is expressed in localized regions of the mediobasal hypothalamus, a region implicated in feeding behavior. Increased intake of a high fat diet contributes to increased weight gain and obesity. Therefore, the current experiments investigated the effects of QRFP administration in rats and the effects of a high fat diet on prepro-QRFP mRNA and GPR103 receptor mRNA levels. Intracerebroventricular administration of QRFP-26 (3.0nM, 5.0nM) and QRFP-43 (1.0nM, 3.0nM) dose-dependently increased 1h, 2h, and 4h cumulative intake of high fat (55% fat), but not low fat (10% fat) diet. In Experiment 2, hypothalamic prepro-QRFP mRNA levels and GPR103 receptor mRNA levels were measured in rats fed a high fat or a low fat diet for 21 days. Prepro-QRFP mRNA was significantly increased in the ventromedial nucleus/arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus of rats fed a high fat diet compared to those fed a low fat diet, while GPR103 mRNA levels were unchanged. These findings suggest that QRFP is a regulator of dietary fat intake and is influenced by the intake of a high fat diet.
Coordination of trunk and pelvis in young and elderly individuals during axial trunk rotation

Abstract It has been well known that complex tasks such as walking and arm reaching can be achieved by the coordination of the trunk and pelvis. However, understanding of the effect of aging on the coordination of the trunk and pelvis during axial trunk rotation is still lacking. The present study examined relative phase of the trunk and pelvis during axial trunk rotation, and compared it between young and older groups. 22 healthy young (age: 23.9 ± 4.6, gender: 11 male and 11 female) and 22 healthy elderly (age: 68.4 ± 4.9, gender: 11 male and 11 female) individuals participated in the experiment and performed axial trunk rotation. Relative phase between the trunk and pelvis was calculated based on the angular displacements of the two segments. The results demonstrated age-related changes in coordination pattern of the trunk and pelvis during axial trunk rotation.
Response of advance lodgepole pine regeneration to overstory removal in eastern Idaho

Twenty-two stands of advance lodgepole pine released with overstory removal were sampled to determine height growth response. Tree and site characteristics correlated with release response were identified, and a mathematical model was developed to predict height growth in years 6 through 10 after release as a function of residual overstory basal area, height at release, percent rock cover, five-year cumulative growth prior to release, logging damage, stand elevation, and habitat type. Lodgepole pine responded to release with increased height growth in 97% of the trees sampled. Growth was similar to that of unsuppressed trees. Height growth is best when the entire overstory is removed and logging damage is avoided. Taller trees generally do not respond as well as shorter trees. However, trees growing fast before harvest continue to grow fast regardless of their height at release. Recommendations for selecting stands of advance lodgepole pine to release are provided.
In Retrospect: Teaching Is “Dribbling and Passing”

An introspective view of the author revealed that his philosophy, style, and methods of teaching were anchored in the broad fundamentals of considering, organizing, and implementing an educational plan. Key elements of these fundamentals included the art of teaching, time management and the commitment of time to students, experience and repetition, teaching methodology, communication and listening, relevancy of information, the laboratory teaching environment, and the responsibilities of students. A coherent approach to teaching was developed by blending these individual elements with a commitment to learning by all students.
Hemorrhage or Ischemia? The Importance of ‘Spotting’ it Right

Background A 78-year-old woman was transferred directly to an ICU because of intracerebral hemorrhage. However, on careful review of the initial imaging, the likely diagnosis was ischemic stroke and reperfusion hemorrhage.
Time-Resolved Resonance Raman (TR3) Spectroscopy

Techniques are described for obtaining vibrational resonance Raman spectra of dilute molecules in solution (parts per million or less) with temporal resolution of 10-8 to 10-11 seconds. These time-resolved resonance Raman (TR3) techniques are extremely valuable in elucidating the structures of short-lived molecules in chemical reactions or in condensed-phase photophysics. Applications of TR3 to the study of electronically excited states, particularly those of metal ion complexes which convert light into chemical energy, are described.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.