cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light scattering studies of the electrorheological transition

Abstract Real-time, two-dimensional light scattering studies of the evolution of structure in an electrorheological fluid in the quiescent state and under shear are reported. It is found that when an electric field is applied to the quiescent fluid, particles chain along the electric field lines and cause strong light scattering lobes to appear at a finite scattering wavevector, q , orthogonal to the field lines. These lobes then brighten as they move to q = 0, indicating the existence of an unstable concentration fluctuation that signifies the segregation of chains into columns. In fact, the observed power law growth kinetics of the characteristic length, as well as the form of the structure factor, are qualitatively similar to two-dimensional spinodal decomposition in a system with a conserved order parameter. When the sample is subjected to shear, we find that the scattering pattern approaches a steady state, with lobes that are rotated in the direction of fluid vorticity. The angle of rotation is found to increase as the cube root of the shear rate, in agreement with a theoretical prediction of the steady state structure of fragmenting particle chains.
Rendering the electromechanical valve actuator globally asymptotically stable

This paper presents a nonlinear controller based on Sontag's feedback to render the electromechanical valve actuator (EVA) globally asymptotically stable (GAS). Electromechanical valve actuators have received much attention recently due to their potential for improving the performance of the internal combustion engine. Various control schemes for the EVA have been proposed, however stability is often neglected due to the bounded motion of the EVA or proven based on a linearized plant model. Here, we demonstrate and prove that our controller renders the system GAS without any assumption of linearity.
Corporate Practices and Harmful Consequences Learning from the Holocaust

The corporation is implicated in a wide range of activities that are profoundly deleterious to human well-being. The Holocaust, as organized and carried out by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP; the Nazis), is arguably the outstanding example of organized malevolence in modern times. Beginning with the realization that the corporation and the Holocaust are both organizational phenomena, the present research mines a wide range of literature on the Holocaust and the corporation to identify similar practices and then analyzes those practices to discern how they contributed to the Holocaust and may contribute to the various adverse consequences associated with the corporation. Important similarities are identified and analyzed in respect of organization; relationship to unskilled and low-skilled labor; the involvement of professionals, scientists, and engineers; the pervasive use of secrecy and deception; and fascism. These similarities produce their adverse effects both individually and collectively. Collectively, they disempower or eliminate potential countervailing forces and thereby augmented the capacity of the NSDAP, in one case, and may augment the capacity of the corporation, in the other, to carry out destructive acts.
Microcomputer reconstruction of pancreaticobiliary embryogenesis

The origin, approximation, and fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic anlage were reconstructed using new microcomputer methodology. Representative human embryos of Carnegie stage 15–17 were studied by digitizing serial contours and creating three-dimensional computer models. Solid surface color displays showing multiple views of each reconstruction demonstrated developmental relationships and changes between these three critical stages. This exercise demonstrates the power of this new technology for clarifying morphological concepts in research and education.
Advances in imaging: impact on studying craniofacial bone structure.

Author– Majumdar S Methods for measuring the structure of craniofacial bones are discussed in this paper. In addition to the three-dimensional macro-structure of the craniofacial skeleton, there is considerable interest in imaging the bone at a microscopic resolution in order to depict the micro-architecture of the trabecular bone itself. In addition to the density of the bone, the micro- architecture reflects bone quality. An understanding of bone quality and density changes has implications for a number of craniofacial pathologies, as well as for implant design and understanding the biomechanical function and loading of the jaw. Trabecular bone micro-architecture has been recently imaged using imaging methods such as micro-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and the images have been used in finite element models to assess bone mechanical properties. In this paper, some of the recent advances in micro-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are reviewed, and their potential for imaging the trabecular bone in mandibular bones is presented. Examples of in vitro and in vivo images are presented.
The identification of an endonuclease that cleaves within an HuR binding site in mRNA.

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that contain U-rich elements are targeted for rapid decay. Selective inhibition of this decay results in a rapid increase in steady state level. Thus, this is an important regulatory step in gene expression. Previously, we have found that these mRNAs are selectively stabilized by a specific mRNA binding protein called HuR. The mechanism of action of HuR is not well understood. It has been postulated that HuR stabilizes mRNA by the displacement or inhibition of factors that specifically cleave or deadenyl­ate these mRNAs. In this paper, we report the identification and characterization of a novel endo­nuclease that cleaves within an HuR binding site in p27kip1 mRNA. The specificity of this endonuclease and its inhibition by HuR argue for it playing a role in the postranscriptional regulation of gene expression.
Bio F1B hamster: a unique animal model with reduced lipoprotein lipase activity to investigate nutrient mediated regulation of lipoprotein metabolism

Bio F1B hamster is an inbred hybrid strain that is highly susceptible to diet-induced atherosclerosis. We previously reported that feeding a high fat fish oil diet to Bio F1B hamster caused severe hyperlipidaemia. In this study we compared the effects of various diets in the Bio F1B hamster and the Golden Syrian hamster, which is an outbred hamster strain to investigate whether genetic background plays an important role in dietary fat mediated regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. We further investigated the mechanisms behind diet-induced hyperlipidaemia in F1B hamster. The Bio F1B and Golden Syrian hamsters, 8 weeks old, were fed high fat diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids, an n-6: n-3 ratio of 5 or a fish oil diet for 4 weeks. Animals were fasted overnight and blood and tissue samples were collected. Plasma was fractionated into various lipoprotein fractions and assayed for triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations. Plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was measured using radioisotope method. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity was measured in the liver and intestine. Plasma apolipoproteinB48, -B100 and apolipoprotein E was measured using Western blots. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the effect of diet type and animal strain. The fish oil fed F1B hamsters showed milky plasma after a 14-hour fast. Fish oil feeding caused accumulation of apolipoproteinB48 containing lipoprotein particles suggesting hindrance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance. There was no significant effect of diet or strain on hepatic or intestinal microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity indicating that hyperlipidaemia is not due to an increase in the assembly or secretion of lipoprotein particles. F1B hamsters showed significantly reduced levels of lipoprotein lipase activity, which was inhibited by fish oil feeding. Evidence is presented for the first time that alterations in lipoprotein lipase activity and mRNA levels contribute to varied response of these hamsters to dietary fat, highlighting the importance of genetic background in the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism by dietary fats. Bio F1B hamster may prove to be an important animal model to investigate nutrient mediated regulation of metabolic parameters under lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
Estimating stochastic frontier systems with unbalanced panel data: The case of floor tile manufactories in egypt

A generalized stochastic frontier system is fitted with unbalanced panel data of Egyptian floor tileries and estimated using OLS, ‘within’, feasible GLS, and maximum likelihood. Hausman tests indicate ‘within’ is the correct estimator for the data. Estimates of firm-level technical and allocative inefficiencies (and their costs) are presented for each of the estimators. Finally, sources of technical inefficiency are investigated.
The Gradient of Immigrant Age-at-Arrival Effects on Socioeconomic Outcomes in the U.S.

A young age at arrival is believed to be an important predictor of adult immigrant achievement, but there is no consensus on what age(s) at arrival is pivotal/crucial/critical. The 2000 census reports exact years of arrival and age providing us the opportunity to test different formulations for age-at-arrival effects for several different socioeconomic outcomes. We focus on the experiences of Mexican immigrants to the U.S. in this study. Our results indicate that the effect of early arrival is much greater for English proficiency than other outcomes and bears significantly on most, not all, attainments. There is little evidence at any age of a sharp discontinuity demarcating a 1.5 generation from older immigrants and, in fact, a series of classifications or a continuous measurement of age at arrival may be preferred in some cases. Guidelines are offered for the most appropriate formulation of age at arrival under different contexts.
Clinal Variation for Amino Acid Polymorphisms at the Pgm Locus in Drosophila melanogaster

Clinal variation is common for enzymes in the glycolytic pathway for Drosophila melanogaster and is generally accepted as an adaptive response to different climates. Although the enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) possesses several allozyme polymorphisms, it is unique in that it had been reported to show no clinal variation. Our recent DNA sequence investigation of Pgm found extensive cryptic amino acid polymorphism segregating with the allozyme alleles. In this study, we characterize the geographic variation of Pgm amino acid polymorphisms at the nucleotide level along a latitudinal cline in the eastern United States. A survey of 15 SNPs across the Pgm gene finds significant clinal differentiation for the allozyme polymorphisms as well as for many of the cryptic amino acid polymorphisms. A test of independence shows that pervasive linkage disequilibrium across this gene region can explain many of the amino acid clines. A single Pgm haplotype defined by two amino acid polymorphisms shows the strongest correlation with latitude and the steepest change in allele frequency across the cline. We propose that clinal selection at Pgm may in part explain the extensive amino acid polymorphism at this locus and is consistent with a multilocus response to selection in the glycolytic pathway.
Multiple-class spatiotemporal flow estimation using a modified neural gas algorithm

The problem of estimating optical flow fields corresponding to multiple moving objects in a spatiotemporal image sequence is ad- dressed. A modified version of the neural gas NG unsupervised learn- ing algorithm is used to implement a nonlinear interpolation strategy to overcome the aperture problem encountered during local motion estima- tion. Local motion constraints are formulated, and the best information over four point pairs is used to produce a single motion estimate. Wher- ever the aperture problem is encountered the minimum-norm estimate is produced. These local estimates are then refined using the modified NG. NG provides a framework for the fusion of local incomplete motion infor- mation into complete global estimates. Due to the self-organizing nature of NG the number of motion classes need not be specified a priori. The technique leads to generation of an optical flow field without the smear- ing of flow fields encountered in regularization-based techniques. Motion estimation results obtained on synthetic natural image sequences are shown. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Effects of Photoperiod on Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Development, Survival, and Reproduction

Effects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding, and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under five different photophases (24, 14, 12, 10, and 0 h) at a constant 27 degrees C temperature and 65% RH in the laboratory. Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feeding punctures per day), and oviposition (oviposition punctures/oviposition+feeding punctures) activities, and the proportion of squares attacked by boll weevil females. When boll weevil females developed in light:darkness cycles, they produced a significantly higher percentage of eggs developing to adulthood than those developed in 24-h light or dark conditions. In long photoperiod (24:0 and 14:10 h), the number of female progeny was significantly higher and their development time was significantly shorter than those developed in short photoperiod (0:24 and 10:14 h). Lifetime oviposition was significantly highest at 12- and 14-h photophase, lowest at 0- and 10-h photophase, and intermediate at 24 h of light. Life table calculations indicated that boll weevil populations developed in a photoperiod of 14:10 and 12:12 (L:D) h will increase an average of two-fold each generation (Ro) compared with boll weevils developed in 24:0- and 10:14-h photoperiods and 15-fold compared with those at 0:24 h. Knowledge of the photoperiod-dependent population growth potential is critical for understanding population dynamics to better develop sampling protocols and timing insecticide applications.
Electronic Health Record Adoption

Most prior research concerning electronic health record adoption was conducted in many parts of the United States, including New York, Massachusetts, California, Texas, Washington, and the country in an aggregate. However, none of the research studies was focused on the Central Valley California Region. Little attention has been paid to the challenges for ambulatory physician practices in implementing such a complex system. This is significant because these practices serve a large proportion of the population and failure to address this issue could lead to an increase in the disparity in access to healthcare. The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges faced by these small physician practices in the Central Valley California Region in implementing the electronic health record. The research question sought to understand these challenges in order to encourage implementation of the electronic health record. A qualitative, non-experimental, exploratory, single-case study was conducted using the conceptual framework of diffusion of innovation theory Data were collected by conducting interviews. Data were analyzed for commonalities and grouped into themes. Findings were eight common themes that emerged as the challenges encountered by ambulatory care practitioners in the Central Valley California Region during implementation of an electronic health record system. As more small physician practices integrate into the electronic health record system, the implications for social change are that the quality of healthcare may increase.
Soil pore size and geometry as a result of aggregate-size distribution and chemical composition

Soil pore size and pore geometry are important properties affecting soil hydraulic properties. Using scanning electron micrographs and image analysis, we quantified the actual pore-size distribution and pore shape in undisturbed soil cores. Aggregate-size distribution was also quantified for the same micrographs. For soils with similar texture, we observed a decrease both in the median aggregate size and in the aggregate-size distribution when the sodium content in the soil increased. We hypothesize that the decrease in the aggregate stability is caused by the weakening of the binding capacity of the cementing agents bonding the domains that form the aggregates. An equivalent decrease in the pore-size distribution was found with increasing sodium and pH. There was a significant correlation between median aggregate size and median pore size, but there was not a significant correlation between median pore diameter and soil texture.
Methods and Results of Barbital Research

We described1 a colorimetric test for barbiturates and the rate of excretion of barbital determined by this test. We here report on (a) urinary elimination, (b) fate in the blood, (c) presence in organs of barbiturates, and (d) on the clinical application of this test.The progress in these studies was made possible by the colorimetric test and by improved methods of extraction of barbiturates, consisting of shaking urine (alkalinized), oxalated whole blood, plasma or spinal fluid with equal volumes of 10% copper sulphate solution, filtering, acidulating the filtrate with dilute sulphuric acid and shaking the filtrate with 10 volumes of chloroform. The chloroform extract may be concentrated on water bath. Ground organs, before they are shaken with copper sulphate must be liquefied, either by 3% HCl and pepsin, or by mixing thoroughly with 5% KOH. Heating must be excluded in these procedures. The acid-pepsin treated organs must be alkalinized before shaking with copper sulphate.Results. (a) Urinary Excretio...
Dermea and Pezicula

The genus Dermea was founded by Fries (Syst. Orbis Veg. 343. 1825) and later changed to Dermatea by the same author. Fries changed the spelling of the name apparently for etymological reasons, but the original spelling is here retained in accordance with the rules in spite of the fact that the latter is in common use. Although not the first species mentioned Peziza Cerasi of Persoon is usually regarded as the type of the genus and probably fittingly so since it is widely distributed, well known, and a species of economic importance. In 1865 Tulasne established the genus Pezicula based on Peziza carpinea Persoon, a species common on Carpinus. There seems to have been some difference of opinion as to the grounds for the separation of these two genera. Lindau (E. & P. Nat. Pfl. I1: 235. 1897) regards them as synonyms. Saccardo treats the genera as distinct but the characters on which they are separated by him are vague and the basis for separation not clearly defined. In working over the various species of the two genera the writer has been inclined to throw them together in one genus, since it seems to be impossible to separate them on ascospore characters. However, more detailed study has revealed an ap? parently definite morphological character on which the genera can be separated if we wish to resort to the conidial stages. To what extent the conidial stage should be used in segregating genera of the Ascomycetes is an open question since the latter are often obscure or entirely wanting. Fortunately, however, there are usually other characters which accompany the dirferences in conidial characters by which species can be distinguished even though the conidial stage is not actually seen. Such seems
Sub-Aperture Hough Transform Based SAR Rotational Target Detection

Due to the influence of clutter,the SAR echo of rotational target range-compressed domain presents a discontinuous sinusoid,which makes it difficult to be detected. A new algorithm based on subaperture Hough Transform was proposed to detect rotational target. The detection time duration is divided into multiple coherent processing intervals( CPIs) for integration. The echo in same range cell was coherently integrated via Fast Fourier Transform( FFT) within each CPI to increase SNR,and noncoherent integration was made among all CPIs via generalized Hough transform for clutter reduction. The proposed approach is suitable for single-channel SAR system that has a lower hardware cost. The two-stage detecting method has better performance on clutter cancellation and rotational target detection. The results of the simulation indicate the effectiveness of the method.
Perioperative Nursing of 105 Children with Ilizarov Frame Treatment

Objective To evaluate effects of perioperative nursing in 105 children treated by Ilizarov frames.Methods A retrospective survey was performed in children with Ilizarov frames from December 2009 to October 2011 in our hospital and the reulst was retrospectively analyzed.Result Total 105 cases were treated by Ilizarov frames in our hospital,which included clubfoot(n=53),limbs fractures(n=33),double-leg length(n=7),knee turned inside and outside(n=7) and cubitus varus(n=5).All of children were treated carefully and no care-related complications occurred among children.Conclusion Ilizarov frame technology is widely accepted as minimally invasive method of external fixation.Sufficient preoperative preparation and careful nursing after surgery,were important factors to make the operation successfully.
The effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on the phenobarbtial-induced formation of hepatic microsomal membranes.

3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole was administered to rats in combination with phenobarbital. The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum was studied chemically and by electron microscopy. The increases in cytochrome P-450 and drug hydroxylase activity produced by phenobarbital alone were partially counteracted by administration of aminotriazole together with phenobarbital. The increases in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, observed by electron microscopy and measured by microsomal phospholipid, were comparable in animals receiving phenobarbital alone and in combination with aminotriazole. Aminotriazole treatment alone does not produce proliferation of endoplasmic reticular membranes. In the presence of an inducer such as phenobarbital, interference with cytochrome P-450 biosynthesis by aminotriazole does not affect ineduction of the formation of membranes of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that induced increases of cytochrome P-450 and of the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum may be controlled by separate mechanisms.
Phase II trial of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Administration a la dose de 30 mg/m 2 , en intraveineuse, toutes les 3 semaines. Efficacite therapeutique faible
Characterization of three high efficiency and blue sensitive silicon photomultipliers

Abstract We report about the optical and electrical characterization of three high efficiency and blue sensitive Silicon photomultipliers from FBK, Hamamatsu, and SensL. Key features of the tested devices when operated at 90% breakdown probability are peak photon detection efficiencies between 40% and 55%, temperature dependencies of gain and PDE that are less than 1%/°C, dark rates of ∼50 kHz/mm2 at room temperature, afterpulsing of about 2%, and direct optical crosstalk between 6% and 20%. The characteristics of all three devices impressively demonstrate how the Silicon-photomultiplier technology has improved over the past ten years. It is further demonstrated how the voltage and temperature characteristics of a number of quantities can be parameterized on the basis of physical models. The models provide a deeper understanding of the device characteristics over a wide bias and temperature range. They also serve as examples how producers could provide the characteristics of their SiPMs to users. A standardized parameterization of SiPMs would enable users to find the optimal SiPM for their application and the operating point of SiPMs without having to perform measurements thus significantly reducing design and development cycles.
History and Legislation

The concept of renewable fuels for motor vehicles dates back to 1896 and the quadricycle designed and built by Henry Ford. This was a modified four-wheeled bicycle that had a 4 horsepower, 2 cylinder engine powered by pure ethanol. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey began the addition of ethanol to gasoline in the 1920s to increase its octane number and to decrease knocking. Concurrent with these efforts, Rudolf C.K. Diesel in 1892 invented the engine that bears his name. It was originally powered by coal dust and subsequently vegetable oil. In 2005, the US Congress determined that fuels from renewable resources would play a major role in US energy independence. A collateral objective was to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. This legislation had the Renewable Fuels Standard as a centerpiece. This stipulated the minimum volume of biofuels, such as ethanol, that was to be added annually to motor fuels. An intrinsic feature of this legislation was the introduction of the Renewable Identification Number, a 38 digit number that must be assigned to each gallon of renewable fuels imported or produced in the United States.
Nietzsche as the Antichrist

Nietzsche sometimes signed his letters ‘Dionysus’. In his first book, The Birth of Tragedy, published in 1872, he argued that alongside the Apollonian in Greek culture there was a more profound Dionysian strain. For Nietzsche, the Dionysian, in contrast to the Apollonian, is alive to instinct; and it carries within itself an insight into the darkness of life. Dionysian is the sense of tragedy and the emotional release of dithyrambic music. Nietzsche could easily accept these attributes as attributes of his own character — not that the only persona he assumed was that of Dionysus. As he would sometimes sign himself ‘Dionysus’, so he could and did also sign himself ‘The Antichrist’. In 1888 he wrote, and in 1895 he published, The Antichrist. His choice of title is calculated, for Nietzsche wishes to be as provocative as he can.1 In this book he argues against religion and against Christianity specifically. He speaks as an anti-Christian, but, more than that, he assumes the identity of the Antichrist, the dedicated and unrelenting enemy of Christianity. (Der Antichrist is the German expression for ‘the Antichrist’, but since the German for ‘Christian’, masculine, is Christ, Der Antichrist can mean both ‘the anti-Christian’ and ‘the Antichrist’; without qualification, the German term would normally be taken to mean the apocalyptic Antichrist.) It is as ‘The Antichrist’ that Nietzsche signed his ‘Decree Against Christianity’, written in 1888 as an addendum to The Antichrist.2
Toxic Loopholes: Superfund and RCRA – Toxic Trash

In Silent Spring , the pathbreaking bestseller that launched the modern environmental movement, biologist Rachel Carson created an ominous little parable she called Fable for Tomorrow . In it, an idyllic American hamlet suffers mysterious maladies. First, plants turn brown and wither, pets and livestock die, fish disappear from streams and birds no longer adorn the woodlands and meadows with their songs. Next, baffling illnesses ravage the town, killing children and elders while survivors desperately search for answers. Was this the work of some kind of evil spell or secret weapon? No, Carson explained, “No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.” Their own “wonder chemicals” had turned against them. By the time Silent Spring hit the bookstores in 1962, the chemical industry had already produced, and stashed somewhere , about 100 trillion pounds of hazardous wastes, enough to create a highway to the moon 100 feet wide and 10 feet deep. In addition, we now know from the industry's own internal documents that American and European chemical companies were engaged in a multidecade conspiracy to prevent regulators, the press and the public from discovering the insidious toxicity of their products and wastes. Realizing that Rachel Carson's book would expose the dark side of their industry, two major chemical and pesticide producers – Monsanto and Velsicol – threatened to sue Houghton Mifflin unless Silent Spring 's publication was cancelled.
Introduction to Mobile Wireless Systems

The evolution of wireless systems has taken place in a remarkably short time, delivering incredible technology advances that have changed the way people communicate and interact with each other. Those advances have come in several generations; the mobile wireless communication journey started with 1G, followed by 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G, the standard currently under specification. Each generation of wireless systems followed different evolutionary paths toward two unified targets: delivering greater performance and efficiency, and doing so in highly complex network deployments.
2 – An Overview of Protein Crystallography

Knowing the richness and limitations of models requires an understanding of the relationship between data and structure, and this chapter gives an overview of this relationship. It presents a simplified overview of how researchers use the technique of X-ray crystallography to obtain models of macromolecules. However, the concepts described apply to all macromolecules and macromolecules assemblies that possess ordered structures, including carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and nucleoprotein complexes, such as ribosomes and whole viruses. The chapter deals with obtaining an image of a microscopic object; obtaining images of molecules; a thumbnail sketch of protein crystallography; crystals—the nature of crystals and growing crystals; collecting X-ray data; diffraction—simple objects, arrays of simple objects, intensities of reflections, arrays of complex objects, and three-dimensional arrays; coordinate systems in crystallography; a brief description of the mathematics of crystallography—wave equations, complicated periodic functions, structure factors, electron-density maps, electron density from structure factors, electron density from measured reflections, and obtaining a model. The main aim of the chapter is to present information—strength and weakness—of X-ray crystallography.
Preserving privacy in policy-based content dissemination

We propose a novel scheme for selective distribution of content, encoded as documents, that preserves the privacy of the users to whom the documents are delivered and is based on an efficient and novel group key management scheme. Our document broadcasting approach is based on access control policies specifying which users can access which documents, or subdocuments. Based on such policies, a broadcast document is segmented into multiple subdocuments, each encrypted with a different key. In line with modern attribute-based access control, policies are specified against identity attributes of users. Our approach is the first to achieve the following three strong privacy and security guarantees in such a push based system: (1) Users are granted access to a specific document, or subdocument, according to the policies. (2) The document publisher does not learn the values of the identity attributes of users. (3) The document publisher does not learn which policy conditions are verified by which users. The latter two guarantees together prevent even inferences about the values of identity attributes. Moreover, our key management scheme on which the proposed broadcasting approach is based is efficient in that it does not require to send the decryption keys to the users along with the encrypted document. Users are able to reconstruct the keys to decrypt the authorized portions of a document based on subscription information they have received from the document publisher. The scheme also efficiently handles new subscription of users and revocation of subscriptions. There is a real need for such a scheme especially with the government backed plans to make health care records and other sensitive information online. Further, it is critical to protect identity attributes which encode privacy-sensitive information in the face of increasing insider threats and third-party cloud computing initiatives.
Functional principal components

This chapter introduces one of the most fundamental concepts of FDA, that of the functional principal components (FPC’s). FPC’s allow us to reduce the dimension of infinitely dimensional functional data to a small finite dimension in an optimal way. In Sections 3.1 and 3.2, we introduce the FPC’s from two angles, as coordinates maximizing variability, and as an optimal orthonormal basis. In Section 3.3, we identify the FPC’s with the eigenfunctions of the covariance operator, and show how its eigenvalues decompose the variance of the functional data. We conclude with Section 3.4 which explains how to compute the FPC’s in the R package fda.
systemPipeR: NGS workflow and report generation environment

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized how research is carried out in many areas of biology and medicine. However, the analysis of NGS data remains a major obstacle to the efficient utilization of the technology, as it requires complex multi-step processing of big data demanding considerable computational expertise from users. While substantial effort has been invested on the development of software dedicated to the individual analysis steps of NGS experiments, insufficient resources are currently available for integrating the individual software components within the widely used R/Bioconductor environment into automated workflows capable of running the analysis of most types of NGS applications from start-to-finish in a time-efficient and reproducible manner. To address this need, we have developed the R/Bioconductor package systemPipeR. It is an extensible environment for both building and running end-to-end analysis workflows with automated report generation for a wide range of NGS applications. Its unique features include a uniform workflow interface across different NGS applications, automated report generation, and support for running both R and command-line software on local computers and computer clusters. A flexible sample annotation infrastructure efficiently handles complex sample sets and experimental designs. To simplify the analysis of widely used NGS applications, the package provides pre-configured workflows and reporting templates for RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq, VAR-Seq and Ribo-Seq. Additional workflow templates will be provided in the future. systemPipeR accelerates the extraction of reproducible analysis results from NGS experiments. By combining the capabilities of many R/Bioconductor and command-line tools, it makes efficient use of existing software resources without limiting the user to a set of predefined methods or environments. systemPipeR is freely available for all common operating systems from Bioconductor ( http://bioconductor.org/packages/devel/systemPipeR ).
Optical Layer Failures in a Large Backbone

We analyze optical layer outages in a large backbone, using data for over a year from thousands of optical channels carrying live IP layer traffic. Our analysis uncovers several findings that can help improve network management and routing. For instance, we find that optical links have a wide range of availabilities, which questions the common assumption in fault-tolerant routing designs that all links have equal failure probabilities. We also find that by monitoring changes in optical signal quality (not visible at IP layer), we can better predict (probabilistically) future outages. Our results suggest that backbone traffic engineering strategies should consider current and past optical layer performance and route computation should be based on the outage-risk profile of the underlying optical links.
Building Bridges: The Role of an Undergraduate Mentor

ABSTRACTI share some advice and lessons that I have learned from working with many wonderful students and colleagues, in my role as Undergraduate Chair of Statistics at Purdue University since 2008. I also reflect on developing, implementing, and sustaining a new living, learning community environment for statistics students.
Mechanical embolectomy for acute ischemic stroke beyond six hours from symptom onset using MRI based perfusion imaging

Abstract Introduction There is very limited data on the use of MRI based perfusion imaging to select patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) for intraarterial therapy beyond 6h from onset. Our aim is to report the outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke and large artery occlusion who presented beyond 6h from onset, had favorable MRI imaging profile, and underwent mechanical embolectomy. Methods This is a single institution (Rhode Island Hospital) retrospective study between December 1st, 2015, and July 30th, 2016 that included patients with acute ischemic stroke and proximal LVO with CT ASPECTS of 6 or more and 6–24h from symptom onset who were assessed for mechanical embolectomy using MRI based perfusion imaging. Favorable imaging profile was defined based on prior studies as 1) DWI lesion volume (as defined as apparent diffusion coefficient –6 mm 2 /s) of 70ml or less; 2) Penumbra volume (as defined by volume of tissue with T max >6s) of 15ml or greater; 3) A mismatch ratio of 1.8 or more; and 4) Volume of tissue with perfusion lesion with T max >10s is Results 41 patients met the inclusion criteria; 22 (53.7%) had favorable imaging profile and underwent mechanical embolectomy. The rate of good outcomes in this series was similar to that in a patient level pooled meta-analysis of the recent endovascular trials (63.6% vs. 46%, p=0.13). None of the patients in our cohort had symptomatic intracereberal hemorrhage. Conclusions MRI perfusion based imaging may help select patients with acute ischemic stroke and proximal emergent LVO for embolectomy beyond the treatment window used in most endovascular trials. This provides compelling evidence for stroke centers to participate in ongoing trials using advanced imaging to study endovascular treatment in this patient population.
DyPhase: A Dynamic Phase Change Memory Architecture with Symmetric Write Latency

A major challenge for the widespread adoption of phase change memory (PCM) as main memory is its asymmetric write latency. Generally, for a PCM, the latency of a SET operation (i.e., an operation that writes '1') is 2-5 times longer than the latency of a RESET operation (i.e., an operation that writes '0'). For this reason, the average write latency of a PCM system is limited by the high-latency SET operations. This paper presents a novel PCM architecture called DyPhase, which uses partial-SET operations instead of the conventional SET operations to introduce a symmetry in write latency, thereby increasing write performance and throughput. However, use of partial-SET decreases data retention time. As a remedy to this problem, DyPhase employs novel distributed refresh operations in PCM that leverage the available power budget to periodically rewrite the stored data with minimal performance overhead. Experiments with PARSEC benchmarks indicate that our DyPhase architecture achieves 16.2% less average latency and 27.6% less EDP on average over other PCM architectures from prior works.
Improving Novice Radiology Trainees' Perception Using Fine Art.

Abstract Purpose To determine if fine art perception training improved performance in novice radiology trainees. Methods On the first day of their residency, 15 radiology residents underwent a basic radiology perception test in which they were shown 15 different radiographs that each had a significant abnormality. This was followed by a focused session of interpretation training at a local art gallery where art experts taught the trainees how to thoroughly analyze a painting. After this fine art session, the residents were once again shown 15 different radiographs and asked, in the same manner as before, to identify the location of the abnormality. The results of both radiograph assessments were then compared. Results The 15 residents correctly identified the areas of abnormality on 35 of 225 cases pre-art training with a mean score of 2.33 and a SD of 1.4. After art training, the figure for correctly identifying the area of abnormality rose to 94 of 225 cases with a mean score of 6.27 and a SD of 1.79 ( P Conclusion The implementation of a focused teaching session on perception improved first-year residents' ability to localize imaging abnormalities. This improvement was significant ( P
Abstract 012: Involvement of Drp1, A Mitochondrial Fission Inducer, in Angiotensin Ii-induced Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling in vitro and in vivo

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in various types of cardiovascular diseases which may involve overload and de-compensation in mitochondrial quality/quantity control. However, limited mechanistic insight is available regarding the contribution and mechanism of mitochondrial quality control in hypertension. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that enhancement of mitochondrial fission via Drp1 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is involved in hypertensive vascular remodeling. Rat aortic VSMCs pretreated with adenovirus encoding Drp1 siRNA (Ad-siDrp1) or control non-silencing RNA (100 moi) were stimulated with 100 nM angiotensin II (AngII) up to 72 h. 8 week old male C57/BL6 mice were infused with (1000 ng/kg/min) for 2 weeks with or without treatment of Drp1 inhibitor mdivi1 (25 mg/kg ip every other day). In VSMCs, AngII induced transient mitochondrial fission (max at 2-4 h assessed by mito-tracker staining) associated with Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616 (10-30 min). Pretreatment of ad-siDrp1 (100 moi) or mdivi1 (5 μM) attenuated AngII-induced mitochondrial fission. Ad-siDrp1 or mdivi1 also attenuated AngII-induced enhancements of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, total cell protein, cell volume and extracellular collagen content. In mice, mdivi1 significantly suppressed vascular hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis induced by AngII in aorta, heart and kidney. mdivi1 also inhibited AngII-induced left ventricular hypertrophy assessed by heart weight body weight ratio (mg/g: 7.8±0.9 vs 6.3±0.2 p
Myasthenia Gravis and Crisis: Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an uncommon autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction and manifesting as muscle weakness. A multitude of stressors can exacerbate MG. When symptoms are exacerbated, muscle weakness can be severe enough to result in respiratory failure, a condition known as myasthenic crisis (MC). Objective This review discusses risk factors, diagnosis, management, and iatrogenic avoidance of MC. Discussion MC can affect any age, ethnicity, or sex and can be precipitated with any stressor, infection being the most common. MC is a clinical diagnosis defined by respiratory failure caused by exacerbation of MG. Muscle weakness can involve any voluntary muscle. MC can be differentiated from other neuromuscular junction diseases by the presence of normal reflexes, normal sensation, lack of autonomic symptoms, lack of fasciculations, and worsening weakness with repetitive motion. Treatment should target the inciting event and airway support. All acetylcholinesterase inhibitors should be avoided in crisis, including edrophonium testing and corticosteroids initially. Respiratory support can begin with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation, as this has been successful even in patients with bulbar weakness. If intubation is necessary, consider avoiding paralytics or use a reduced dose of nondepolarizing agents. Conclusions MC should be in the differential of any patient with muscular weakness and respiratory compromise. Emergency department management of MC should focus on ruling out infection and respiratory support. Strong consideration should be given to beginning with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for ventilatory support. Corticosteroids, depolarizing paralytics, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors should be avoided in patients with MC in the emergency department.
Voices at the Margins of Victimhood: Jorge Díaz’s Náufragos de la memoria

After decades of political and ideological persecution, the process of Chilean national reconciliation requires the careful examination of a problematic dialectic: on the one hand, forgiving and forgetting, on the other, bringing the guilty to justice. However, decades after Chile’s transition from dictatorship to democracy, the boundaries between forgiveness and condemnation remain porous. This is partially due to the fact that some of the survivors have not been able to express their personal injuries. In the eyes of the famous Chilean playwright Jorge Diaz – whose last collection of plays Naufragos de la memoria [ Castaways of Memory ] (2007) is the subject of this article – this social dynamic of silence imposed on the defeated converts society into one more link in the chain of guilt. This article seeks to shed light on the diverse intimate experiences of victimhood as represented theatrically in Diaz’s pieces, from the perspective of survivors who are dwelling at the periphery of postdictatorship society. Following Ana Longoni’s proposal of the marginalization of this particular group through their classification as “traitors”, I will argue that through the dynamic employment of silences, irony, and of physical space(s), these plays blur the categories of victim and perpetrator. This breaking of rigid classifications reveals Diaz’s main criticism about his country’s controversial attitude and debatable strategies of reconciliation, and opens up the possibility of a dialogue about traumatic memory – including those most intimately touched by this memory.
Solution Combustion Synthesis of High Surface Area CeO2 Nanopowders for Catalytic Applications: Reaction Mechanism and Properties

High surface area cerium oxide (CeO2) is an important material as a catalyst component in many applications owing to its unique redox properties, high oxygen storage capacity, and ability to disperse metal on its surface. In this work, CeO2 nanopowders were prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS), varying the synthesis parameters in terms of precursor oxidizer (cerium nitrate hexahydrate and cerium ammonium nitrate), fuel (glycine and hydrous hydrazine), fuel-to-oxidizer ratio (0.5–3), and gas generating agent (ammonium nitrate). These parameters strongly influence the combustion features, including combustion temperature and amount of gas evolved during combustion, and, in turn, the properties of formed CeO2 powders. On the basis of the experimental results, the combustion reaction mechanism and correlation between the SCS parameters and properties of the resulting powder are discussed. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, X-ray photoele...
Yield Precursor Dislocation Avalanches in Small Crystals: The Irreversibility Transition.

The transition from elastic to plastic deformation in crystalline metals shares history dependence and scale-invariant avalanche signature with other nonequilibrium systems under external loading such as colloidal suspensions. These other systems exhibit transitions with clear analogies to work hardening and yield stress, with many typically undergoing purely elastic behavior only after “training” through repeated cyclic loading; studies in these other systems show a power-law scaling of the hysteresis loop extent and of the training time as the peak load approaches a so-called reversible-to-irreversible transition (RIT). We discover here that deformation of small crystals shares these key characteristics: yielding and hysteresis in uniaxial compression experiments of single-crystalline Cu nano- and micropillars decay under repeated cyclic loading. The amplitude and decay time of the yield precursor avalanches diverge as the peak stress approaches failure stress for each pillar, with a power-law scaling virtually equivalent to RITs in other nonequilibrium systems.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: is this diastolic heart failure?

As described in the study by Smith et al. [(1)][1]published in this issue of the Journal , the syndrome of “heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction” includes patients admitted to the hospital with symptoms and signs of heart failure (HF), radiographic evidence of HF, and an ejection