cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Don't Expect Too Much: The Limited Usefulness of Common SES Measures

Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) are widely used in educational research and policy applications in no small part because of a deeply rooted belief of the importance of SES. This paper argues...
Solving Polynomials by Iteration

One of the classical problems of mathematics is to solve a polynomial equation. One approach to this is to take account of the fact that polynomials have symmetries that can be realized in geometric spaces. The idea is to solve an equation in an elegant way. During the past eight years I have pursued this goal by developing solutions based on iteration. This involves the repeated application of a process that possesses the very symmetries of the polynomial to be solved. An iterative procedure for solving an equation has two aspects: Geometric: a space where the polynomial’s symmetry can be realized Dynamical: an iterated transformation that respects the symmetry of the equation
Dilation of Lower Ureteral Strictures with Van Andel Catheters

AbstractWe present a simple method to dilate ureteral strictures, which was performed in 7 patients with metastatic cancer (1 breast, 1 lymphoma, 2 ovarian and 3 colorectal tumors) who presented with newly discovered obstruction in the distal ureter. The obstruction was due to tumor in the pelvis in 5 patients and to pelvic radiotherapy in 2. A 0.035-inch guide wire was passed beyond the stricture cystoscopically. In each case a double pigtail stent could not be passed beyond the stricture over the guide wire. The strictures were then dilated with progressively larger Van Andel catheters passed over the guide wire through the cystoscope. Following dilation a 7.5F to 8.5F soft double pigtail catheter was easily advanced. All patients had good drainage on followup radiographic studies. The method is presented as an alternative to balloon dilation of lower ureteral strictures when the goal is placement of an adequate diameter indwelling ureteral stent.
Strength and translucency of zirconia after high-speed sintering.

OBJECTIVES To compare the strength and translucency of CAD/CAM zirconia blocks, with traditional and high-speed sintering, to lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three zirconia materials (Katana STML Block, Prettau Anterior, and Zpex Smile) were tested with either traditional (7 hours) or high-speed (18 or 30 minutes in a SpeedFire furnace) sintering. A lithium disilicate material (IPS e.max CAD) was tested as a reference. Three-point bend flexural strength specimens (16 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm, n = 10) were tested on 14-mm-separated supports and loaded to failure at 1 mm/min. Specimens (1 mm thick, n = 10) were measured in a Color-i7 spectrophotometer against a black and white background to calculate translucency parameter. Zirconia specimens were thermally etched and a grain structure was observed with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS There were significant differences between materials for flexural strength, translucency parameter, and grain size (P < .001). Grains became significantly larger and pores were present when two of the zirconia materials (Prettau Anterior and Zpex Smile) were sintered with a high-speed sintering program. CONCLUSIONS Two of the zirconia materials (Prettau Anterior and Zpex Smile) became less translucent and less strong using a high-speed sintering program, whereas another (Katana STML Block) was unaffected.
Editor’s Note: Dual Forums on Historical Analysis in Political Communication and the Future of Misinformation Research

As my time as the Forum’s inaugural editor enters the home stretch, I have been putting together a few smaller Forum symposia on topics I have been scrambling to get to before I turn over the reins...
Exciplex formation as an approach to selective Copper(II) fluorescent sensors

Abstract The fluorescence of TB-cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetrabenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododecane) and its complexes with CuII, CdII, PbII, ZnII, HgII and AgI are reported in 50% (v/v) CH3OH/H2O. It appears, as supported by NMR studies, that the TB-cyclen undergoes slow protonation reactions in CH3CN with 0.01 M HClO4 present. The non-protonated TB-cyclen adopts the ++−− conformer that is sterically shielded from protonation and complex-formation, and the slow formation of the protonated forms of the ligand, and formation of the ++++ conformer, is required before complex-formation can occur. Strong emissions at 352 nm are oberved on formation of TB-cyclen complexes with CuII, CdII, PbII, but not with ZnII, HgII and AgI: it is suggested that these are exciplex emissions. The selectivity of the fluorescence of CuII with TB-cyclen compared to ZnII suggests that ligands of this type might be useful in sensing CuII in neural tissue, as in the case of studying Alzheimer’s disease, where potentially interefering metal ions such as CdII or PbII should not be present. The structure of [Pb(TB-cyclen)](ClO4)2 is reported, which shows that Pb···C π contacts are formed to all four N-benzyl groups. Structures of [Cd(TB-cyclen)CH3CN](ClO4)2 and [Hg(TB-cyclen)CH3CN](ClO4)2 are reported, that show M···C π contacts to only two of the N-benzyl groups, but the non-formation of four π contacts may be due to the presence of coordinated CH3CN molecules. The structure of [TB-cyclenH]ClO4 shows that the cyclen moeity of the ligand has the ++++ conformer required for complex-formation with metal ions. It is suggested that in the protonated forms of the free ligand, the ++++ conformer is stabilized with the N-benzyl groups in an upright position by the formation of N H···C π contacts, and C H···C π contacts between the upright N-benzyl groups. DFT calculations are carried out that show the structure of the exciplex that can be formed in the free (non-protonated) form of DB-cyclen, and show that its ++−− conformer is the lowest energy form.
Combination immunotherapy induces distinct T-cell repertoire responses when administered to patients with different malignancies.

Background CTLA-4 blockade with ipilimumab is Food and Drug Administration-approved for melanoma as a monotherapy and has been shown to modulate the circulating T-cell repertoire. We have previously reported clinical trials combining CTLA-4 blockade with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in metastatic melanoma patients and in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. Here, we investigate the effect that cancer type has on circulating T cells in metastatic melanoma and mCRPC patients, treated with ipilimumab and GM-CSF. Methods We used next-generation sequencing of T-cell receptors (TCR) to compare the circulating T cells of melanoma and mCRPC patients receiving the same treatment with ipilimumab and GM-CSF by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Flow cytometry was utilized to investigate specific T-cell populations. TCR sequencing results were correlated with each T-cell subpopulation by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Of note, 14 metastatic melanoma patients had samples available for TCR sequencing and 21 had samples available for flow cytometry analysis; 37 mCRPC patients had samples available for sequencing of whom 22 have TCR data available at both timepoints; 20 of these patients had samples available for flow cytometry analysis and 16 had data available at both timepoints. Results While melanoma and mCRPC patients had similar pretreatment circulating T-cell counts, treatment induces greater expansion of circulating T cells in melanoma patients. Metastatic melanoma patients have a higher proportion of clones that increased more than fourfold after the treatment compared with mCRPC patients (18.9% vs 11.0%, p=0.017). Additionally, melanoma patients compared with mCRPC patients had a higher ratio of convergent frequency (1.22 vs 0.60, p=0.012). Decreases in clonality induced by treatment are associated with baseline CD8+ T-cell counts in both patient groups, but are more pronounced in the melanoma patients (r=−0.81, p Trial registration numbers NCT00064129; NCT01363206.
Integrating Clinical Reasoning Skills in a Pre-professional Undergraduate Human Anatomy Course.

Clinically integrated curricula in health science education has been shown to promote the development of problem-solving schema and positively impact knowledge acquisition. Despite its' purported benefits, this type of curricula can impose a high cognitive load, which may negatively impact novice learners' knowledge acquisition and problem-solving schema development. Introducing explicit clinical reasoning instruction within pre-professional undergraduate basic science courses may limit factors that increase cognitive load, enhance knowledge acquisition, and foster developing clinical problem-solving skills. This study, conducted over the Fall and Spring semesters of the 2018-2019 school year, sought to evaluate whether the implementation of a clinical reasoning instructional intervention within a clinically integrated pre-professional undergraduate general human anatomy course influenced students' acquisition of anatomical knowledge and development of clinical problem-solving skills. Results of the study were mixed regarding the acquisition of anatomical knowledge. Both the intervention and comparison groups performed similarly on multiple choice examinations of anatomical knowledge. However, the clinical reasoning intervention positively impacted students' ability to apply clinical reasoning skills to anatomically based clinical case studies. Results from M\mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance comparing scores on Written Clinical Reasoning Assessments revealed a significant interaction between time and group affiliation, with the groups receiving the interventions outperforming the comparison groups: Fall, P < 0.001; Spring, P < 0.001. The results of this study may imply that explicit clinical reasoning instruction within a clinically integrated undergraduate Human Anatomy course could hold potential for fostering students' early clinical reasoning skills.
Commentary on a cross-sectional analysis of compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in pediatric surgeons in the U.S.

Abstract This is a commentary on the manuscript by Sarosi A, Coakley B, Berman L, et al., titled “A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Compassion, Fatigue, Burnout, and Compassion Satisfaction in Pediatric Surgeons in the U.S.”
Slow drift rate predicts ADHD symptomology over and above executive dysfunction

Slow drift rate has become one of the most salient cognitive deficits among children with ADHD, and has repeatedly been found to explain slow, variable, and error-prone performance on tasks of exec...
Change in Refractive Error Associated With the Use of Cannabidiol Oil.

Cannabinoid (CBD) products have gained popularity since their legalization in 2018, causing a plethora of unregulated CBD products to be sold in the United States. These products are available in various combinations for topical and oral consumption, claiming credit for potentially improving various diseases. In this report, we present a newfound case reporting a shift in refraction that may be associated with the regular use of CBD oil supplements. A 57-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus type 2, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, with no change in medications, diet, or lifestyle was found to have a hyperopic shift in vision with the recent daily addition of CBD oil intake. This case report highlights the possible association of CBD oil and vision changes after regular consumption of CBD oil in an otherwise stable patient. Further study is required to understand the mechanisms of CBD oil-associated shift in refractive error. Because the patient is diabetic and the refraction shift was hyperopic, other etiologies, such as un-noted lenticular change, cannot be ruled out. CBD products are unregulated and marketed in many mixed forms, and thus can cause unforeseen effects on susceptible individuals. This warrants Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of such products and extensive research before considering them for therapeutic usage.
Surfactant protein C mutation links postnatal type 2 cell dysfunction to adult disease

Mutations in the gene SFTPC, encoding surfactant protein C (SP-C), are associated with interstitial lung disease in children and adults. To assess the natural history of disease, we knocked in a familial, disease-associated SFTPC mutation, L188Q (L184Q [LQ] in mice), into the mouse Sftpc locus. Translation of the mutant proprotein, proSP-CLQ, exceeded that of proSP-CWT in neonatal alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AT2 cells) and was associated with transient activation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, leading to impaired expansion of AT2 cells during postnatal alveolarization. Differentiation of AT2 to AT1 cells was also inhibited in ex vivo organoid culture of AT2 cells isolated from LQ mice; importantly, treatment with antioxidant promoted alveolar differentiation. Upon completion of alveolarization, SftpcLQ expression was downregulated, leading to resolution of chronic stress responses; however, the failure to restore AT2 cell numbers resulted in a permanent loss of AT2 cells that was linked to decreased regenerative capacity in the adult lung. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that susceptibility to disease in adult LQ mice is established during postnatal lung development, and they provide a potential explanation for the delayed onset of disease in patients with familial pulmonary fibrosis.
How the germline informs the somatic landscape.

How somatic and germline mutations interact in cancer remains largely unexplored. A study of 17,152 patients with cancer suggests that the relative contribution of pathogenic germline mutations is governed by lineage and penetrance.
The Physics of Monopole Detection

In this review, I discuss the techniques and challenges involved in the detection of Grand Unified Monopoles. The only positive evidence remains the original candidate of Cahrera1 from an induction experiment in a superconducting loop. Further work with both induction and non-induction techniques is being vigorously pursued. The main ideas in these experiments are reviewed with emphasis on prospects for future large scale detectors.
Timing of Fracture Fixation

The ideal timing for the treatment of fractures remains controversial. In general, earlier treatment of fractures is advantageous because it facilitates mobilization of the patient, decreases the pain and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with unstable fractures, and simplifies care by removing splints, traction, and other limitations placed on the patient before surgery. However, this must be balanced with the potential danger of “second hit” fracture surgery that in itself could produce SIRS and poor outcomes. This chapter attempts to briefly summarize the current state of the literature and one center’s typical care for six of the more common orthopedic trauma issues. These six issues are treatment of fractures in the patient with polytrauma (with emphasis on timing of femoral nail insertion), open fractures, compartment syndrome, acetabular fracture surgery, hip fractures (both high energy and geriatrics), and flap coverage of mangled wounds.
Jahn–Teller Trajectories

Mise au point sur le calcul des trajectoires des «coordinats» oscillants dans une molecule polyatomique du fait de l'effet Jahn-Teller, en utilisant des representations irreductibles des groupes de symetrie
Partial Ownership and Foreclosure: An Empirical Analysis

This paper examines events associated with Union Pacific (UP) Railroad's attempt to obtain a significant minority share of the voting equity in Chicago Northwestern (CNW) Railroad. Rivals of UP petitioned the ICC to block the transaction, positing a theory of foreclosure that connects UP's partial ownership of CNW to reductions in both the rivals' profits and social welfare. This paper explores this theory's implications more generally and generates a testable implication for the UP/CNW transaction. I test for the predicted effect and find evidence contrary to the predictions of the rivals' theory, but consistent with other theories of partial ownership interests.
On spectrum sharing between communications and air traffic control radar systems

The feasibility of dynamic spectrum sharing between air traffic control radar and wireless communications systems is investigated via a numerical simulation. The temporal variations of interference power due to periodic rotations of the radar antenna and the interference attenuation resulting from frequency separation can substantially contribute to link loss. Consequently, even in the scenario where cellular devices are located close to the radar, there still will be periods of time when the mutual interference is low enough such that cellular systems can take opportunity to transmit. Numerical results show that in the scenario where spectrum sharing between a single cell and the single rotating radar is considered, although both systems are subject to certain levels of performance degradation due to the impact each has on the other, the design of efficient spectral sharing mechanisms is still possible.
Faraday Rotation of the Crab Pulsar Radiation

During April, 1970, the 300-ft telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory was used to determine the mean polarisation of the Crab Nebula pulsar radiation at several frequencies around 400 MHz. The position angle of the highly polarised precursor measured at each frequency, corrected for ionospheric Faraday rotation and plotted against inverse frequency squared is shown in Figure 1. The observed variation of the position angle with frequency is consistent with Faraday rotation of the plane of polarisation with a rotation measure of −40.5 ± 4.5 rad/m2. This value is of the same sign but larger than the rotation measure for the nebular radiation in the vicinity of the pulsar.
Single Chain Alkali Resistance in Hemoglobin Rainier: β 145 Tyrosine → Histidine

The mechanism of alkali resistance in hemoglobin Rainier, an adult human hemoglobin variant (β 145 tyrosinie → histidinie), has been investigated. Alkali denaturation kinetics, electrophoretic and hybridization study. and ultracentrifuge analysis provided evidence for a monomeric β Rainiier chain resisting denaturation at alkaline pH. These data provide evidence for a previously unrecognized effect of a single amino acid substitution, that is, the change of the alkali denaturation properties of monomneric chains.
An informational perspective on skill transfer in human-machine systems

Differentiation of perceptual invariants is proposed as a theoretical approach to explain skill transfer for control at the human-machine interface. I propose that sensitivity to perceptual invaria...
New Processing Techniques for the Creation of Micro-Opto-Mechanical Machines and Photonic Devices Embedded in Glass

The use of lasers to create intricate three-dimensional and buried structures [1] in photostructural glass has been well demonstrated at The Aerospace Corporation over the past four years. In these instances the glass used (Foturan™, made by the Schott Group) forms a silver nucleation sites on exposure to intense UV laser light via a two-photon process. Subsequent annealing causes a localized crystal growth to form a meta-silicate phase which can be etched in dilute hydrofluoric acid at rates of 20 to 50 times that of the unprocessed glass. We are now in the process of experimenting with another formulation of photosensitive glass, also pioneered by Corning Glass Works, that behaves differently during the bake process. In the second case, a photoexposure and bake process creates a silver-halide crystal and forms an adjacent void in the glass. A second photoexposure and bake allows for the migration of more silver into the void creating patterned formations of silver nano-wires [2]. Recent experiments with this type of glass have shown that the manipulation of the size and density of the embedded nano-wires as well as the overall pattern of the clusters can be controlled using direct-write exposure to laser processing.
Olanzapine (Zyprexa):characteristics of a new antipsychotic.

Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiszepine antipsychotic,which exerts broad-spectrum receptor antagonism in the central nervous system.It demonstrates regionally selective dopamine antagonist activity as measured with the depolarisation block model and fos activation paradigm. Early in vivo imaging studies suggest a relatively low D2 occupancy in th striatum (69%) with a higher 5-HT2 occupancy in the cortex (84%) of 10 mg.Its pharmaco-kinetics are dose-proportional; Tmax is 5 h and the elimination half-life is 31 h (range:21-54h).Efficacy studeis show equivalent antipsychotic efficacy to haloperidol with the possibility of superior efficacy on negative symptoms and depression. Motor side-effects are minimal with mild akathisia emerging at the highest doses; non-motor side-effects are also minimal. Olanzapine is a highly effective antipsychotic drug with minimal side-effects. It will be an important new drug for treating schizophrenia.
An allele-specific suppressor of white-coral in Drosophila melanogaster.

A new allele of white-coral (wco2) was isolated from Canton S after mutagenesis. Many common laboratory stocks were found to carry a suppressor gene (Su(wco2)) which alters the phenotype of wco2 flies toward wild-type. The Su(wco2) is allele-specific (it does not suppress wco), dominant, homozygous viable, located near Su(bwv1) on the right arm of chromosome 2, and shows a simple gene-dosage effect. The degree of suppression is sensitive to the genetic background. There appears to be selection for Su(wco2) in a genotype where it does not affect eye pigmentation.
Renal cell carcinoma: physiology, diagnosis, and therapy

Renal call carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney in adults. Heredity appears to play a role within the etiology of RCC. Recent evidence indicates that deletions and translocations involving the short arm of chromosome 3 are important for the oncogenesis and tumor progression of RCC. Overt symptoms accompanying RCC are often associated with advanced local or distant disease. There is an increased number of patients in whom the diagnosis of RCC is made incidentally in cases when the tumor is confined to the kidney. This finding is responsible for the fact that the prognosis is better in this group of patients. Surgical extirpation is the cornerstone of therapy of localized RCC. However, in the presence of metastatic disease, immunotherapy seems to be the most effective adjuvant therapy.
The organizer and respiration in Rana pipiens

Abstract It has been found that the respiratory activity of the combined piece of organizer and ectoderm is higher than that of the separated pieces of these two regions, when they are isolated at gastrula stage and measured at neurula stage.
A Technique for Deducing In-Plane Modulus and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of a Supported Thin Film

A technique for determining the in-plane modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of supported thin films has been developed. The modulus and CTE are calculated by solving two coupled equations that relate the curvature of film samples deposited on two different substrates to the thermal and mechanical properties of the constituents. In contrast with the conventional method used to calculate modulus and CTE, which involves differentiation of the thermal stress in the film, this new technique does not require the differentiation of the thermal stress, and can also provide the temperature-dependence of the in-plane CTE and elastic modulus of supported thin films. The data reduction scheme used for deducing CTE and elastic modulus is direct and reliable. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1448522#
Effects of consistent and inconsistent feedback on inappropriate child behavior

The effect of consistent and inconsistent feedback on rates of inappropriate solicitation of teacher attention by behavior problem students were examined using a reversal design. The use of highly inconsistent feedback involving a combination of reprimands and permissive responses was associated with high rates of solicitation. The use of consistent reprimands resulted in decreased rates of solicitation. Rates of appropriate handraising were not affected by the manipulations. This pattern of results was replicated when the frequency of reprimands as well as ratio of feedback type were controlled.
Heavy quarks in the jet calculus

In this paper we explore a method for treating heavy quarks such as c and b quarks within the jet calculus. These quarks are differentiated from the more common u, d, and s quarks by the requirement that the gluons never branch into heavy-quark pairs during the jet development. We compute and discuss the charmed-quark ''propagators''; the x distribution of colorless clusters containing a charmed quark, a noncharmed antiquark, and gluons; and the mass distribution of the parent partons giving rise to these colorless clusters.
Comments on “Erroneous Model Field Representations in Multiple Pseudoproxy Studies: Corrections and Implications”

AbstractSmerdon et al. report two errors in the climate model grid data used in previous pseudoproxy-based climate reconstruction experiments that do not impact the main conclusions of those works. The errors did not occur in subsequent works and therefore have no impact on the results presented therein. Results presented here for the Climate System Model (CSM) using multiple pseudoproxy noise realizations show that the quantitative differences between the incorrect and corrected results are within the expected variability of the noise realizations. It should also be made clear that the climate reconstruction method used in Smerdon et al. to illustrate the nature of the errors, the Regularized Expectation Maximization method with Ridge Regression (RegEM-Ridge), is known to produce climate reconstructions with considerable variance loss and has been superseded by RegEM-TTLS (TTLS indicates truncated total least squares).
Diagnosis and treatment of inhalation injury.

Inhalation injury is a chemical burn of the airways secondary to inhaling the products of incomplete combustion. Three levels of damage are definable and include upper airway, major airway, and terminal airway and parenchyma. Accurate diagnosis using either fiberoptic bronchoscopy or133xenon lung scans or both permits early identification of high-risk groups and the implementation of proper therapy. Treatment includes close observation, careful burn shock resuscitation, chest physiotherapy, bronchodilators, rigid aseptic techniques, and ventilatory support as needed. Systemic corticosteroids and prophylactic antibiotics should be avoided. Recent experience with improved diagnosis and treatment reveals a reduction in mortality rate from almost 90% to less than 30%.
NUCLEATION OF QUANTIZED VORTEX RINGS BY IONS IN HELIUM II.

We suggest that a quantized vortex ring is formed when a roton, localized near a moving ion, is expanded by stochastic processes to become a small ring, attached to the ion. Calculations based on this notion are compared with experiment.
Economic independence through protection? Emerging contradictions in India's small-scale sector

Abstract The following investigation examines the metal furniture manufacturing industry in India and shows that regulation aimed at protecting the small-scale sector does not provide the necessary impetus for growth and survival of small industries. Rather, such regulation provides a fertile territory for larger businesses to profit from protected markets and regulatory loopholes. A new role for state institutions is suggested in the final analysis that builds on supportive networks that migitate the disadvantages of scale, without enorous restrictions for others, and creates conditions for operations of all sizes to survive and grow.
Measurement-based neural-net multitarget tracker

A neural network solution to the data association problem in multitarget tracking is presented. This requires position and velocity measurements of the targets over two consecutive time frames. A quadratic neural energy function results that is suitable for an optical processing implementation. Realistic target trajectories are simulated, yielding several different scenarios with spurious measurements (clutter) and measurement noise, which are used to test the tracking ability of the neural network. Simulation results are presented, and an overall tracking system using the neural net, Kalman filters, and a Hough transform subsystem is discussed.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Technology Insight: noninvasive assessment of bone strength in osteoporosis

Fractures that result from osteoporosis are an enormous and growing concern for public health systems; as the population ages, the number of fractures worldwide will double or triple in the next 50 years. The ability of a bone to resist fracture depends not only on the amount of bone present, but also on the spatial distribution of the bone mass, the cortical and trabecular microarchitecture, and the intrinsic properties of the materials that comprise the bone. Although low bone mineral density is one of the strongest risk factors for fracture, a number of clinical studies have demonstrated the limitations of using measurements of areal bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess fracture risk and to monitor responses to therapy. As a result, new, noninvasive imaging techniques that are capable of assessing various components of bone strength are being developed. These techniques include three-dimensional assessments of bone density, geometry and microarchitecture, as well as integrated measurements of bone strength by engineering analyses. Although they show strong potential, further development and validation of these techniques is needed to define their role in the clinical management of individuals with osteoporosis.
Accelerated hypertension due to intramural dissection of accessory renal artery

Abstract A case of sudden, accelerated hypertension due to a spontaneous, idiopathic isolated dissecting aneurysm of an accessory right renal artery is reported. Diagnostic studies including selective angiography, split renal function tests, and plasma renal vein renin levels showed the dissected vessel to be the cause of hypertension.
Spatial competition and market interdependence

This paper investigates the optimality properties of interdependent spatial markets in a situation of price-location competition. A framework is developed where interdependences on the demand side of the economy are fully accounted for. It is assumed that goods supplied in the economy are not independent in terms of consumption. In addition, consumers can capture economies of scope in travel by shopping for several goods on one trip. Two goods are available in addition to a composite product. The problem involves two non-cooperative firms that exhibit a Nash behavior in selling their single product to a population uniformly distributed around a circumference. The level of interdependence between markets is expressed by the transportation rate, and by two other parameters indicating the relations of complementarity/substitutability among goods. A numerical analysis of comparative statics is conducted to examine the role of these parameters on firms' optimal location and price configurations.
Interpersonal influence in the early plug-in hybrid market: Observing social interactions with an exploratory multi-method approach

Abstract We explore the role of interpersonal influence in car buyer’s perceptions of plug-in hybrid vehicles. The context is a PHEV demonstration project at the University of California, Davis, from which individuals from the social networks of 10 households participated in a four to six-week trial. Social interactions were observed between participants and members of their social networks, i.e., alters. The work included social network mapping, a social episode diary, and ranking of experience influences. It is found that interpersonal influence plays an important role in participants’ assessment of plug-in hybrid vehicles technology and that interactions between participants and an alter are more likely to influence the participant’s assessment if: societal aspects of the plug-in hybrid vehicles are addressed, the alter has relatively more alternative-fuel expertise, or the participant and alter are very close socially.
Organization of central cholinergic neurons revealed by combined in situ hybridization histochemistry and choline-O-acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry

Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes and in situ hybridization of choline-O-acetyltransferase mRNA, both alone and in combination with immunohistochemical procedures for the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine, were used to map the topography of putative cholinergic neurons in the rat central nervous system. Only the anti-sense riboprobe yielded specific labeling, which was absent in brain sections processed with sense riboprobe. Telencephalic neurons demonstrating the mRNA for choline-O-acetyltransferase and choline-O-acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity were found in the caudate-putamen nucleus, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercule, Islands of Calleja complex, medial septal nucleus, vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band, substantia innominata, nucleus basalis, and nucleus of the ansa lenticularis, as well as occasionally in the amygdala. Neurons in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and primary olfactory structures did not demonstrate hybridization signal, even though some cells in those areas were observed to exhibit choline-O-acetyltransferase-like immunopositivity. Thalamic cells were devoid of hybrido- and immunoreactivity, with the exception of several neurons located primarily in the ventral two-thirds of the medial habenula. A few cell bodies labeled with riboprobe and co-localizing choline-O-acetyltransferase-like immunopositivity were found in the lateral hypothalamus, caudal extension of the internal capsule, and zona incerta. Neurons in the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei evinced moderate hybridization signal, whereas cells of the parabigeminal nucleus were very weakly reactive. In contrast, motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei demonstrated high levels of choline-O-acetyltransferase mRNA and choline-O-acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity. Putative cholinergic somata in the ventral horns and intermediolateral cell columns of the spinal cord and around the central canal were also labeled with riboprobe. It is concluded that hybridocytochemistry with digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes confirms the existence of cholinergic neurons in most of the neural regions believed to contain them on the basis of acetylcholinesterase pharmacohistochemistry and choline-O-acetyltransferase immunocytochemistry, with the prominent exceptions of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, and caudal raphe nuclei, which apparently do not possess neurons expressing detectable levels of the mRNA for the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine.
Mobility/Impedance Methods: A Guide for Application

Mobility and impedance methods provide extremely efficient and robust journal orbit/trajectory calculation through use of bearing characteristics stored (at least conceptually) in the form of widely-available “maps.” These inversely-related methods are widely used for design optimization and for dynamic system analysis, both of which are often computationally intensive. All concepts and data sources necessary for straightforward application to both rotating and reciprocating machinery are identified and presented in some detail in this brief note.
ON TWO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION: A RESPONSE TO DAVID GRIFFIN

Abstract. In responding to David Griffin's critique of my book, Issues in Science and Religion, I suggest that most of the points which he initially presents as differences between us concerning reduction and emergence are resolved in the second half of his article. I spoke of the emergence of higher-level “properties” and “activities,” rather than “entities,” but my analysis of whole and parts is similar to his, although it was perhaps not always clearly articulated. We agree also that Alfred North Whitehead's God is involved in every event in ways which avoid the problems of the supernatu-ralist “God of the gaps,” but we differ as to whether God's action might be taken into account in a new “post-modern” science.
Operation of Manufacturing Systems with Work-in-process Inventory and Production Control

Abstract The operation of large manufacturing systems with buffers has two goals: to meet production target and minimize the work-in-process (WIP) inventory. This paper introduces a novel approach, based on optimal control theory, to achieve both goals simultaneously by on-line adjustment of the production rate of each machine. In this method the state variables are the buffer levels, the control variables are the machine production rates, and the output variable is the target production (the demand). The method is evaluated through simulations under various conditions, and compared with other methods in the literature. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully produce low WIP inventory than other methods, while the required production demand is still fulfilled. It is also shown that the method is capable of providing feasible solutions for large manufacturing systems - a goal that is harder to achieve with the current known method.
Low body temperature affects associative processes in long-trace conditioned flavor aversion

A series of experiments examined the effect of low body temperature on the associative process in long-trace conditioned flavor aversion. Experiment 1 demonstrated that maintaining a low body temperature between conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) administration facilitates the associative process and allows a flavor aversion to be conditioned in young rats over an interval that would normally not support conditioning. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that this was due neither to lingering systemic saccharin serving as a CS nor to a cold induced enhancement of US intensity. Experiment 4 demonstrated that inducing hypothermia at various times during a 3-h CS-US interval results in an apparent delay of reinforcement gradient. We propose that a cold induced decrease in metabolic rate slows the internal clock that governs the perception of time and that the CS-US association depends upon perceived contiguity rather than upon an external clock-referenced contiguity.
Testing the Design Variables of ECOSEL: A Market Mechanism for Forest Ecosystem Services

ECOSEL is a voluntary market framework for private provision of forest ecosystem services. Multiobjective optimization is used in conjunction with a unique funding mechanism to generate and market forest management alternatives that are projected to lead to efficient bundles of ecosystem services on a piece of forestland. ECOSEL allows the public to bid on the competing alternatives. Whichever option attracts the highest combined value of bids over the associated costs is implemented by the landowner. We conduct a series of experiments to test and inform the design of the mechanism in an attempt to maximize social surplus and seller revenues. We find that allowing the participants to communicate with each other during bidding increases the likelihood of an outcome that maximizes social surplus. We also find that a lower number of alternatives presented for bidding increases seller profit. Last, threshold cost disclosure, to disclose the amount of money to the bidders that would have to be raised for a particular alternative, has a mixed impact depending on the perceived value of the services. We identify a range of public good values for which cost disclosure is always the best policy with respect to both social surplus and seller profit. FOR .S CI. ❚❚(❚):000-000.
Ginzburg--Landau parameters for a vanadium single crystal having a resistivity ratio of 7. 8

Magnetization curves for a cylindrical specimen made of a single crystal of vanadium are obtained at several temperatures. The method utilizes electronic integration of the difference in terminal voltages from two identical coils, one of which contains the specimen when the applied field is cycled over the operating range. The integrated voltage is proportional to the magnetic moment of the specimen, and is plotted continuously on anx-y recorder as a function of applied field. The Ginzburg-Landau parametersK1andK2are obtained from the magnetization curves, and the results are compared with the theoretical calculations of Eilenberger and others.
Constraints on T c for superconductivity in heavily boron-doped diamond

Calculations of electron-phonon coupling are performed for boron-doped diamond structures without electronically compensating defects over a wide range of boron concentration. The effects of boron substitutional disorder are incorporated through the use of randomly generated supercells, leading to a disorder-broadened distribution of results. After averaging over disorder, this study predicts a maximum bulk ${T}_{c}$ near $55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ for boron concentrations between 20% and 30%, assuming the validity of the simple structural model used and a Coulomb pseudopotential of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}=0.12$. Considering only the largest electron-phonon coupling values of the distribution, superconductivity may still percolate through the material at higher temperatures, up to $80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, through the regions of large coupling. A synthesis path is proposed to experimentally access this class of materials.
Treatment of precancerous conditions of the oral mucous membranes.

Patients with typical precancerous lesions of the oral mucous membranes have shown consistent objective and subjective improvement on a simple supplemented dietary regimen which appears to open possibilities in the prevention of oral cancer.
Genetically evolved models and normality of their fitted residuals

Abstract This paper evaluates performance of genetically evolved models. GPQuick, a genetic programming software written in C++, is used to evolve best-fit regression models for simulated and real world data. Simulated data are twelve time series with different but known dynamical structures. Predicted values from best models are compared with originally simulated data and the residuals are statistically evaluated. The results suggest that genetic programming approximates less complex and less noisy data better than it does more complex and noisy data. GPQuick is then used to evolve models of real world data extracted from Canadian lynx and sunspot numbers.
Studies of DNA Damage Inhibition by Dietary Antioxidants Using Metallopolyion/DNA Sensors

Voltammetric sensors featuring thin-films containing osmium and ruthenium metallopolymers were evaluated to monitor the influence of antioxidants on DNA damage reactions. In the first example, apigenin, chrysin, and ascorbic acid were shown to inhibit oxidation of DNA by hydroxyl radicals generated with Fenton's reagent. A second example involved films of DNA with myoglobin (Mb) as an enzyme mimic which was used to convert styrene to styrene oxide. Here, the Ru peak of the sensor served as a marker of DNA damage from adduct formation between nucleobases and styrene oxide. There was no influence of the antioxidants on the reaction of styrene oxide itself with DNA films, but significant damage protection was afforded by micromolar amounts of antioxidants when styrene oxide was generated by Mb in the sensor films. This suggests that protection ensued from action of the antioxidants at the enzyme conversion level, probably by reduction of the active ferryloxy intermediate of the protein. Results demonstrate the usefulness of the thin metallopolyion/DNA film sensors in investigations of DNA damage inhibition.
Semi-parametric PWP model robustness for log-linear increasing rates of occurrence of failures

Abstract Repairable systems have reliability (failure) and maintainability (restoration) processes that tend to improve or deteriorate over time depending on life-cycle phase. External variables (covariates) can explain differences in event rates and thus provide valuable information for engineering analysis and design. In some cases, the processes may be modeled by a parametric non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with proportional intensity function, incorporating the covariates. However, the true underlying process may not be known, in which case a distribution-free or semi-parametric model may be very useful. The Prentice, Williams and Peterson (PWP) family of proportional intensity models has been proposed for application to repairable systems. This paper reports results of a study on the robustness of one PWP reliability model over early failure history. The assessment of robustness was based on the semi-parametric PWP model's ability to predict the successive times of occurrence of events when the underlying process actually is parametric (specifically a NHPP having log-linear proportional intensity function with one covariate). A parametric method was also used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the log-linear parameters, for purposes of validation and as a reference for comparison. The PWP method provided accurate estimates of the time to next event for NHPP log-linear processes with moderately increasing rates of occurrence of events. Potential engineering applications to repairable systems, with increasing rates of event occurrence, include reliability (failure) processes in the wear-out phase and maintainability (restoration) processes in the learning phase. A real example of a maintainability (restoration) process (log-linear NHPP with two explanatory covariates) for US Army M1A2 Abrams Main Battle Tank serves to demonstrate the engineering relevance of the methods evaluated in this research.
Direct method of decoding multiple images

In certain applications, especially x-ray and gamma-ray photography, pinhole cameras provide one of the only methods of producing sharp images. To increase the image quality, the use of an array of multiple pinholes is found valuable. The resulting blurred image must then be decoded. A particularly direct method of decoding using the original array of pinholes is possible, providing theautocorrelation function of the array is sharply peaked. Preliminary results with representative arrays are discussed.