cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
El cáncer ginecológico

Gynecological cancer is a major health problem in Europe, as taken together, ovarian cancer, cancer of the uterus and cervical cancer, represent the third cause of cancer in women in Europe, after breast cancer and colorectal cancer, and also the third cause of death from cancer after breast cancer and lung cancer. Improvement in these data entails the implementation of the prophylactic measures available. Especially in the case of cervical cancer, early diagnosis whenever it is possible, the administration of the best treatment by specialised multidisciplinary teams and knowledge of the molecular alterations associated with these diseases are required as a base for the development of personalised and effective treatments.
Computer: Contiguous-element memories increase storage tenfold: An overlapping-triangle configuration for bubble memories may displace permalloy-chevron types

A new generation of contiguous-element magnetic-bubble devices can store about 10 times more information than permalloy chevron magnetic-bubble devices and yet be made by standard photolithographic technology. Devices in development have a storage density of 4 million bits per square centimeter.
The role of migration and choice of denominator on the prevalence of cerebral palsy

Aim Differential migration and choice of denominator have been hypothesized to contribute to differences between period prevalence and birth prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of migration and choice of denominator on the prevalence of CP. Method Data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program and census and birth certificate files were used to calculate various CP prevalence estimates for 2000. Results The overall CP period prevalence was 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.7–3.8) per 1000 8-year-olds and was similar for those born in Atlanta who resided there at age 8 years (3.3; 95% CI 2.7–4.1) and those born outside Atlanta who moved into Atlanta by age 8 years (3.0; 95% CI 2.3–3.9). CP prevalence in these two migration strata was similar by sex and race/ethnicity. CP birth prevalence of 8-year-olds in Atlanta in 2000 was 2.0 (95% CI 1.6–2.5) per 1000 live births in 1992. Interpretation The authors found no evidence to support the hypothesis that differential in-migration explained higher period than birth prevalence of CP in Atlanta. Comparability of CP prevalence across geographic areas will be enhanced if future studies report both period and birth prevalence.
Nonmetropolitan Residential Segregation Revisited

Nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) residential segregation in 1990 and change in the preceding decade have received insufficient attention. A set of empirical hypotheses are derived and assessed using nonmetro and metropolitan (metro) counties in Texas. Places in nonmetro counties were more segregated than places in metro counties in 1990 as in 1980. Substantial declines in segregation occurred in both nonmetro and metro places but were largest in growing places in nonmetro counties. An analysis controlling for other determinants of segregation supports the premise that population change was a major determinant of 1980–1990 change in segregation. Implications for nonmetro areas in the 1990s are discussed.
Wittgenstein and the Dream Hypothesis

The paper deals with Wittgenstein’s treatment of radical skepticism. He holds from his earliest work to his last that skepticism is senseless and therefore no rebuttal, such as G.E. Moore offered, is necessary.
Effect of Choline upon Experimental Canine Arteriosclerosis

Studies have been made of the effect of excess dietary choline upon the arteriosclerosis produced in dogs by a regimen of cholesterol and thiouracil feeding. The choline-fed animals did not differ significantly from the control animals with respect to serum lipid levels, degree of lipid infiltration of their livers or severity of arteriosclerotic involvement.
Synthesis of 3D Model of a Magnetic Field-Influenced Body from a Single Image

A method for recovery of a 3D model of a planet-sized cloud-like structure that is in motion and deforming but approximately governed by magnetic field properties is described. The method allows recovery of the model from a single intensity image in which the structure?s silhouette can be observed. The method exploits envelope theory and a magnetic field model. Given one intensity image and the segmented silhouette in the image, the method proceeds without human intervention to produce the 3D model. In addition to allowing 3D model synthesis, the method?s capability to yield a very compact description offers further utility. Application of the method to real-world data is also demonstrated.
STUDIES DIRECTED TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF NAKADOMARIN A.

The application of a Pummerer-initiated tandem reaction cascade leads to the highly stereoselective formation of the tetracyclic core of nakadomarin A.
An exploration of nurse practitioner care to homebound frail elders.

Purpose: To identify and classify care activities of nurse practitioners (NPs) providing primary care for frail homebound elders and to describe NPs’ perceptions of the outcomes of their care activities. Data sources: Three focus groups were held with 24 NPs with at least 1-year experience in caring for frail homebound elders to elicit NPs’ descriptions of their practice. In addition, individual interviews with 10 NPs and participant observation of 2 NPs visiting elders in their homes validated the data. The total sample size was 36 NPs. Field notes and audiotapes were transcribed for analysis and coded using Brykczynski’s existing domains and competencies of NP practice. Conclusions: Most of the care activities of NPs providing primary care to frail elders in their home involve management of patient health and illness, case management, and the teaching–coaching function. The NP informants believe that they prevent medication errors, falls, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and even death. They reported that they improve their patients’ quality of life and help to provide a peaceful death when death is imminent. Implications for research: Further refinement of the proposed model is needed in order to examine the effectiveness of NP care on clinically relevant patient outcomes.
Christian R. H. Raetz 1947–2011

The research community lost one of its finest members when Chris Raetz succumbed to cancer in August. Through his research and training of more than 30 students and 40 postdoctoral fellows, Chris made an indelible and lasting mark on many in the lipid biochemistry community both personally and professionally.
Sodium MRI: Methods and applications

Sodium NMR spectroscopy and MRI have become popular in recent years through the increased availability of high-field MRI scanners, advanced scanner hardware and improved methodology. Sodium MRI is being evaluated for stroke and tumor detection, for breast cancer studies, and for the assessment of osteoarthritis and muscle and kidney functions, to name just a few. In this article, we aim to present an up-to-date review of the theoretical background, the methodology, the challenges, limitations, and current and potential new applications of sodium MRI.
Temperature-sensitive mechanism regulating diapause in Heliothis zea

Abstract Pupal diapause in Heliothis zea is regulated by a temperature-sensitive mechanism which prevents ecdysone production despite the release of prothoracicotropic hormone. To determine how this mechanism functioned, donor prothoracic glands were implanted into prothoracic gland-ablated hosts to test their ability to produce ecdysone in a diapause-sustaining temperature of 19°C. Results of these experiments ruled out the possibility that ecdysis production was regulated by the nervous system or by a mechanism intrinsic to the prothoracic glands, and suggested that a humoral factor was required for diapause termination. Haemolymph injection experiments supported this humoral factor hypothesis, i.e. haemolymph from non-diapausing donor pupae terminated diapause in hosts maintained at 19°C, whereas haemolymph from diapausing donor pupae had no such effect. These findings indicate that the temperature-sensitive mechanism regulating H. zea diapause functions by controlling the availability of a humoral factor necessary for ecdysone production by the prothoracic glands.
Neuroplasticity Failure in Alzheimer's Disease: Bridging the Gap between Plaques and Tangles

Supported in part by an Alzheimer's Disease Center grant AG13854 from the National Institute on Aging and grant NS20285 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
A direct method for the numerical solution ofy″=f(x,y)

A direct method has been obtained for the numerical solution ofy″=f(x,y). Stability and error analysis of this method are studied and compared with the classical Runge-Kutta method and Runge-Kutta-Nystrom method. Computational examples are also presented.
Expected data quality from the upcoming OMPS/LP mission

ABSTRACT The performance of the OMPS/LP retrieval algorithm is assessed by conducting a series of numerical experiments and evaluating the quality of the primary (ozone profile ) and secondary products (aerosol profiles, NO 2 , cloud height, surface reflectance) as well as height registration under a set of realistic atmospheric conditions selected randomly. The study considers a number of orbits corresponding to Winter/Summer solstice and Spring/Autumn Equinox. It is shown that the quality of the OMPS/LP retrieval products (accuracy, precision, vertical resolution, height regist ration) varies along the orbit, as the single scattering angle transitions from backscatte r to forward scatter and zenith angles vary from sunrise to sunset. Instrument effects (straylight, gain consolidation, inst rument noise) are also investig ated. It is shown that ozone profiles can be retrieved with an accuracy of 5% or better from the tropopause up to 50 km, a precision of about 3-5% from 18 to 50 km, and a vertical resolution of 1.5-2 km. Stratospheric aerosol extinction profile can be retrieved with an accuracy/precision of about 30%. The scene-based tangent height registration algorithm is shown to yield height information with an RMS error of 250-300m. Keywords: Remote sensing, limb scatter, atmospheric ozone vertical distribution
Hemodynamic Patterns in Two Models of End-to-Side Vascular Graft Anastomoses: Effects of Pulsatility, Flow Division, Reynolds Number, and Hood Length

Flow behavior in models of end-to-side vascular graft anastomoses was studied under steady and pulsatile flow conditions. Models were constructed to simulate geometries employed in experimental studies on intimal thickening in a canine model. Reynolds numbers, division of flow in the outflow tracts and the pulsatile waveform employed were taken from measurements obtained in the canine model. Flows in the scaled-up, transparent models were visualized with white, neutrally buoyant particles which were photographed under laser illumination and also recorded on video tape under bright incandescent light. Strong, three-dimensional helical patterns which formed in the anastomotic junction were prominent features of the flow fields. Regions of low wall shear, oscillatory wall shear and long particle residence time were identified from the flow visualization experiments. Comparisons with the limited qualitative data available on intimal thickening in vascular graft anastomoses suggest a relation between localization of vascular intimal thickening and those surfaces experiencing low shear and long particle residence time.
Large Area Electronics, Applications and Requirements

Large area, matrix addressed, pixel arrays are used for active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD) and more recently are being introduced for medical X-ray imaging devices. These arrays and their applications for computer displays and medical imaging are summarized. The arrays are steadily increasing in size, with the largest being >40 cm on a side, and have as many as 5 to 10 million pixels. The need for accurate control of gray scale information in both LCDs and image sensors is a further challenge to the array design and fabrication technology. The performance of the arrays depends on the properties of the thin film transistors (TFT) and sensors in the pixels. The paper outlines the requirements demanded by the different applications, it terms of size, pixel count, addressing speed, and noise etc. These requirements influence the choice of the device materials and design, with particular emphasis on TFT properties such as mobility, leakage current and parasitic capacitance, and influence the choice of laser re-crystallized silicon or amorphous silicon devices. The integration of drive, readout and control electronics on the array substrate is a further opportunity for high performance laser recrystallized TFTs.
Identification of expression patterns associated with hemorrhage and resuscitation: integrated approach to data analysis.

Background: Although transcriptional profiling is a well-established technique, its application to systematic studying of various biological phenomena is still limited because of problems with high-volume data analysis and interpretation. This research project's objective was to create a comprehensive summary of changes in gene expression after hemorrhagic shock (HS), reliant and impartial of multiple variables, such as resuscitation treatments, organ analyzed, and time after impact. Methods: Rat model of severe (40% total blood loss) HS was employed. Hemorrhagic shock was treated with 6 different resuscitation strategies: (1) racemic lactated Ringer's (DL-LR); (2) 1.-Iactated Ringer's (L-LR); (3) ketone Ringer's (KR); (4) pyruvate Ringer's (PR); (5) 6% hetastarch (Hex); (6) 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS). Nonresuscitated and nonhemorrhaged rats served as controls. Ketone and pyruvate Ringer solutions were identical to the lactated Ringer's solution except for equimolar substitution of lactate with β-hydroxybutyrate and sodium pyruvate, respectively. Total RNA from liver, lung, and spleen was isolated immediately (0 hour) and 24 hour postresuscitation. Each organ, time point and treatment was profiled using individual cDNA array (1,200 genes), to produce 183 separate data files. Methods of analysis included one-way and unbalanced factorial ANOVA, Sokal-Michener average linkage clustering and contextual mapping. Results: Unresuscitated HS produced the highest number (56) of upregulated expressions in spleen and lungs. HEX and HTS affected mostly pulmonary genes (22 and 9). Fourteen genes changed in response to combination of all three factors: treatment, organ, and time. Eighteen genes were identified as treatment-specific. Fifteen genes adjusted expression 24 hour post-treatment. The largest number of genes with altered expression (168) responded differently in all three organs. In this study 15 gene clusters were pin-pointed. Contextual mapping identified novel and confirmed known pathways contributing to hemorrhage/resuscitation. Conclusions: We have reliably identified genes and pathways that are affected by HS and are responsive to resuscitation. Gene expression in various organs is affected differentially by HS, which can be further modulated by the choice of resuscitation strategy.
Examining the relationship between psychotropic medication use and testing positive for chlamydia and gonorrhea among detained adolescents

Abstract Objective We examined whether psychotropic medication (PTM) use was related to testing positive for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea among detained adolescents. Methods A convenience sample of 550 detained adolescents ages 14–18 years were recruited from eight youth detention centers in Georgia. Using A-CASI technology, data was collected on demographic factors, use of PTM, and sexual risk behaviors. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea diagnoses were assessed by laboratory testing. Results Thirteen percent (13.1%) of adolescents not using PTMs tested positive for STIs compared to only 4.9% of those reporting PTM use. PTM users had a 62% smaller odds ratio for testing positive for Chlamydia or Gonorrhea. Conclusion Findings suggest that use of psychotropic medication, if deemed useful by detained youth, may be a protective factor against engaging in behaviors which may culminate in contracting some STDs. The practice implications are discussed within the context of these findings.
Acute scrotal swelling in Henoch-Schönlein syndrome.

Abstract A review of the literature regarding scrotal swelling in Henoch-Schonlein purpura is compared with our own experience at the Mayo Clinic over the previous ten years. Of 59 boys seen with Henoch-Schonlein purpura, 9 were noted to have scrotal swelling, and in 4 the presentation was of sufficient severity to suggest torsion. Two of these 4 were managed conservatively, and spontaneous recovery resulted. Surgical exploration of the scrotum in the other 2 revealed evidence of vasculitis in both and the possibility of torsion of appendix epididymis in 1. In patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura and scrotal pain and swelling, a conservative approach with cautious observation appears justified.
Axillary shoot proliferation and growth of Populus deltoides shoot cultures.

Shoot cultures of four genotypes of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. were established from adventitious shoots regenerated from internodal stem explants. Stable shoot cultures for all four genotypes were maintained in a continuous culture regime for over one year. The stable shoot cultures were used as explants to investigate the effects of zeatin concentration and genotype on axillary shoot production and growth. The concentration of zeatin significantly affected the production of axillary shoots, with 1.0 mgL−1 zeatin producing the greatest number of shoots (31.0 shoots per culture vessel) while 0.25 mgL−1 zeatin produced the greatest growth (5.9 mg per axillary shoot) when measured by dry weight accumulation per shoot. Genotypic differences were significant in the production and growth of axillary shoots.
Mechanistic origins of bombardier beetle (Brachinini) explosion-induced defensive spray pulsation

Bombardier beetles (Brachinini) use a rapid series of discrete explosions inside their pygidial gland reaction chambers to produce a hot, pulsed, quinone-based defensive spray. The mechanism of brachinines' spray pulsation was explored using anatomical studies and direct observation of explosions inside living beetles using synchrotron x-ray imaging. Quantification of the dynamics of vapor inside the reaction chamber indicates that spray pulsation is controlled by specialized, contiguous cuticular structures located at the junction between the reservoir (reactant) and reaction chambers. Kinematics models suggest passive mediation of spray pulsation by mechanical feedback from the explosion, causing displacement of these structures.
Phase Transitions in a Methyl-Terminated Monolayer Self-Assembled on Au{111}

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the behavior of CH3(CH2)12S chain molecules self-assembled on a Au{111} surface. The temperature dependence of the packing of the chains to form the monolayer has been investigated. The self-assembled monolayer is found to undergo at least two phase transitions. The first transition is a change in tilt direction from nearest neighbor to next-nearest neighbor below room temperature. At temperatures higher than room temperature, there is a transition from the next-nearest neighbor tilt to an orientationally disordered state. The Au−S interface region exhibits characteristics similar to those of two-dimensional melting prior to completion of the second phase transition.
Agreement between weight bearing and non-weight bearing joint position replication tasks at the knee and hip

Abstract Peak joint angles assumed during the stance phase of running may indicate a runner's ability to sense limb position in space. Joint position sense can be assessed through weight bearing and non-weight bearing tasks. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if weight bearing and non-weight bearing knee and hip joint replication tasks elicited similar joint position sense test results. Absolute replication error was measured during sagittal plane knee and frontal plane hip conditions on 23 healthy runners. Three-dimensional kinematics was recorded during running. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) determined agreement between the two measures of joint position sense. Pearson's correlation coefficients measured the relationship between hip and knee absolute error and peak joint angles during running. Despite similar mean absolute error, ICCs indicated low agreement between weight bearing and non-weight bearing conditions at each joint. The results indicate the tests are not interch...
Asymptotic expansions for efficient and accurate numerical evaluation of integral transforms

Analyses of practical engineering problems often require the repeated evaluation of semi-infinite integral transforms whereby a single variable is changed incrementally through a large range of values. Common examples include time-history analyses of dynamical systems, and fatigue analyses of solid bodies. In such situations, any savings in the time required to evaluate the integral once could amount to substantial savings in the time required to perform the overall analysis. Usually these integrals are evaluated numerically from zero to some number that is deemed sufficiently large to capture most of the value of the integral: the larger the value, the more accurate the integration. An alternative approach is presented herein which enhances both the efficiency and accuracy of evaluating such integrals by approximating the tail of the integrand by its first-order asymptotic expansion. The method is presented in the context of determining the static stresses within the two-layered elastic half-plane subjected to normal and tangential Hertzian contact tractions. With the aid of Fourier transforms, analytic expressions are derived for the displacement, strain and stress functions in the frequency domain. Detailed stress distributions beneath the contact patch are computed using the proposed method.
Contemporary carbon-14 in lemongrass oil

Liquid scintillation counting ofp- cymene, derived from lemongrass oil, has provided information on the world-wide increase in C14 since 1954. By June 1959, the activity in the tropospheric atmosphere and in the rapidly equilibrating biosphere is measured to have increased by 26·8 per cent in the northern hemisphere and 19·7 per cent in the southern hemisphere. The shape of the relationship between activity and time is essentially linear, with two sections of quite different slope.
Multicomponent vapor deposition polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) in an axisymmetric vacuum reactor

An axisymmetric, multicomponent initiated chemical vapor deposition (i-CVD) apparatus was designed to study the vapor-phase growth of glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. Preheated monomer (methyl methacrylate) and initiator (t-butyl peroxide) vapors were metered into a pressure-controlled reaction chamber. Inside the chamber, gases pass through a high-temperature hot-zone where primary free radicals are formed. The gas mixture then condenses and polymerizes on a back-cooled target substrate. Key reactor operating parameters were systematically varied to understand film growth kinetics. These include the hot-zone temperature, reactor base-pressure, substrate temperature, and the monomer/initiator molar feed ratio. Polymer deposition requires good thermal contact between feed gases and the hot-zone. Packed with glass beads, the hot-zone reactor resulted in more efficient initiation and film growth. Experiments also show that polymer deposition rate is limited by thermal initiation of primary free radicals, transport of primary free radicals to the target substrate, and by monomer adsorption. Size exclusion chromatography of deposited polymers is used to relate molecular weight to the monomer-to-initiator feed ratio. The addition of a third vapor component, 1-butanol, was also found to affect polymer molecular weight.
Identification of the trypsin-reactive site of the Bowman-Birk soybean inhibitor.

Abstract Succinylation of the 5 lysine residues of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor abolished its antitryptic activity without affecting its ability to inhibit chymotrypsin. Guanidination of the 5 lysine residues and modification of 1 of the 2 arginine residues, however, had no effect on either activity. Guanidination of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor-trypsin complex followed by dissociation of the complex revealed that one of the lysine residues of Bowman-Birk inhibitor had been protected from modification while in the complex. This particular lysine residue was identified as lysine-17 by isolation and characterization of two fragments from trypsin-modified Bowman-Birk inhibitor which had been reduced and alkylated. From end-group analysis of the trypsin-modified Bowman-Birk inhibitor and of the two fragments isolated therefrom, a limited sequence of amino acids in the immediate vicinity of the trypsin-sensitive bond of Bowman-Birk inhibitor was derived. This sequence was found to bear a striking degree of homology to the proposed antitrypsin site of the lima bean inhibitor.
EFFECTS OF STARVATION IN INFANCY ON SUBSEQUENT LEARNING ABILITIES

Pyloric stenosis (PS) involves a period of starvation in infancy which is not related to poverty, and is easily correctable. Learning abilities of 50 subjects 4-14 years of age, who had PS were studied and compared to a) 44 of their siblings and b) 50 controls matched for age, sex, and parental education. Verbal skills, auditory and visual memory, spatial relations, visuo-motor coordination and achievement in reading and arithmetic were measured. Social and emotional adjustment was assessed by parent interviews, and teachers' checklists. Height, weight and head circ. were measured. Comparison was made of the three subject groups and between subjects who had varying degrees of starvation at different periods in infancy. PS causing a reduction of up to 10% of the expected body weight of the infant was not found to affect any of the measured abilities. Larger weight deficits, indicating a greater degree of malnutrition, were found to be associated (p .05) with lower abilities in tasks of fine visuo-motor coordination and auditory sequential memory. Hence a temporary period of undernutrition in early infancy can affect subsequent learning ability.
A mathematical analysis of aging influences on enzyme deactivation/activation kinetics. Examples of the influence of regional brain development and drugs in rats.

Abstract A series-type enzyme deactivation/activation model involving active enzyme states is utilized to theoretically quantify the influence of regional brain development and drugs on enzyme activity levels in rats. Continuous hexachlorobenzene administration with, or without, phenobarbitone pretreatment has different effects on the deactivation/activation kinetics of porphyrinogen carboxylase, δ-aminolaevulinate synthase and δ-aminolaevulinate dehydratase. The deactivation/activation kinetics exhibited by pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase during the development of the medulla oblongata, mid-brain, striatum, and hypothalamus sections exhibit similarities as well as discrepancies. These are identified and made more quantitative.
Transport of energy in muscle: the phosphorylcreatine shuttle

In order to explain the insulin-like effect of exercise, it was proposed in 1951 that contracting muscle fibers liberate creatine, which acts to produce an acceptor effect--later called respiratory control--on the muscle mitochondria. The development of this notion paralleled the controversy between biochemists and physiologists over the delivery of energy for muscle contraction. With the demonstration of functional compartmentation of creatine kinase on the mitochondrion, it became clear that the actual form of energy transport in the muscle fiber is phosphorylcreatine. The finding of an isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase attached to the M-line region of the myofibril revealed the peripheral receptor for the mitochondrially generated phosphorylcreatine. This established a molecular basis for a phosphorylcreatine-creatine shuttle for energy transport in heart and skeletal muscle and provided an explanation for the inability to demonstrate experimentally a direct relation between muscle activity and the concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate.
Dr. Johnson eats his words: figuring the incorporating body of English print culture

L'ouvrage de Samuel Johnson, «Dictionary of the English Language», est un des textes les plus importants produits au 18 e siecle avec la volonte de stabiliser l'anglais standard. L'A. analyse les rapports que ce texte entretient avec la langue orale. Il examine en particulier l'imagerie de la bouche et de la consommation des mots que Johnson utilisait pour representer une production linguistique liberee et pour tenter de controler cette production
Isolated word recognition in the Sigma cognitive architecture

Abstract Symbolic architectures are effective at complex cognitive reasoning, but typically are incapable of important forms of sub-cognitive processing – such as perception – without distinct modules connected to them via low-bandwidth interfaces. Neural architectures, in contrast, may be quite effective at the latter, but typically struggle with the former. Sigma has been designed to leverage the state-of-the-art hybrid (discrete + continuous) mixed (symbolic + probabilistic) capability of graphical models to provide in a uniform non-modular fashion effective forms of, and integration across, both cognitive and sub-cognitive behavior. Here it is shown that Sigma is not only capable of performing a simple variant of speech recognition via the same knowledge structures and reasoning algorithm used for cognitive processing, but also of leveraging its existing knowledge templates and learning algorithm to acquire automatically most of the structures and parameters needed for this recognition activity.
Influence of Smectite Hydration and Swelling on Atrazine Sorption Behavior

Smectites, clay minerals commonly found in soils and sediments, vary widely in their ability to adsorb organic chemicals. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of surface charge density and properties of exchangeable cations in controlling the affinity of smectites for organic molecules. In this study, we induced hysteresis in the crystalline swelling of smectites to test the hypothesis that the extent of crystalline swelling (or interlayer hydration status) has a large influence on the ability of smectites to adsorb atrazine from aqueous systems. Air-dried K-saturated Panther Creek (PC) smectite swelled less (d(001) = 1.38 nm) than never-dried K−PC (d(001) = 1.7 nm) when rehydrated in 20 mM KCl. Correspondingly, the air-dried-rehydrated K−PC had an order of magnitude greater affinity for atrazine relative to the never-dried K−PC. Both air-dried-rehydrated and never-dried Ca−PC expanded to ap proximately 2.0 nm in 10 mM CaCl2 and both samples had similar affinities for atrazine that were slightl...
Validity of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for younger children

ABSTRACT Objective Little is known about the validity of the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young children. Moreover, the results of the DSM-IV field trials raised concerns that inclusion of the new predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD in DSM-IV might increase the likelihood of the diagnosis being given to active but unimpaired preschool and primary school children. Method The validity of DSM-IV criteria for each subtype of ADHD was evaluated in 126 children, aged 4 through 6 years, and 126 matched comparison children. Probands and controls were classified by using structured diagnostic interviews of the parent and a DSM-IV checklist completed by the teacher. Results Children who met DSM-IV criteria for each subtype of ADHD according to parent and teacher reports differed consistently from controls on a wide range of measures of social and academic impairment, even when other types of psychopathology and other potential confounds were controlled. Conclusions When diagnosed by means of a structured diagnostic protocol, all three DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD are valid for 4– through 6–year-old children in the sense of identifying children with lower mean scores on measures of adaptive functioning that are independently associated with ADHD. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1998, 37(7):695–702.
Reversal by L-cysteine of the growth inhibitory and glutathione-depleting effects of N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide

Summary N-Methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide, which can induce differentiation in selected malignant cell lines, are known to increase doubling times, inhibit clonigenicity in agar, and to effect responses against particular human colon carcinomas in vivo. At concentrations which inhibit growth and clonigenicity, N-methylformamide (170 mM) and N,N-dimethylformamide (103 mM) deplete total intracellular glutathione levels of DLD-1 Clone A human colon carcinoma cells in a dose and time dependent manner. In the presence of 0.5 mM 1-cysteine, both the growth and glutathione levels of polar-solvent treated DLD-1 Clone A cells are restored. 1-Cysteine also reverses the inhibition of clonigenicity mediated by NMF. The mechanism of action of N-methylformamide and N,N-dimethylformamide against this cell line, at least in vitro, is therefore related to its effects on cysteine/glutathione metabolism. Furthermore, this evidence suggests that glutathione plays a key role in regulating the growth of these cells.
IVC filter tilt and asymmetry: comparison of the over-the-wire stainless-steel and titanium Greenfield IVC filters.

Purpose A comparison of tilting, caval coverage, asymmetry, and insertion problems with the over-the-wire stainless-steel and titanium versions of the Greenfield filter. Materials and Methods The study compared 104 stainless-steel and 141 titanium Greenfield inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertions. The angle the sheath and deployed filter made relative to the cava, as well as filter strut distribution, were determined from spot films. The proportionate caval coverage was computed from the cavogram (anteroposterior projection). Mean filter tilts, subgrouped by insertion site, and caval coverage were compared with the Student t test, whereas strut patterns were analyzed with a contingency table. Results The filter caval and sheath caval angles correlated. The filter caval angles varied with insertion site, but were lowest with a right jugular approach. Caval coverage was identical with both designs. The stainless-steel version resulted in a more uniform distribution of struts in comparison with the titanium version. The incidence of insertion problems was not significantly different between the filter types. Conclusions While IVC filter tilting was not improved with the newer design, the pattern of struts was more uniformly symmetric with the stainless-steel device. The right jugular insertion site was associated with the lowest filter caval angles and the most symmetric pattern of struts.
Target residue mass and charge distributions in relativistic heavy ion reactions

Calculations of the mass and charge distributions for the heavy target residues from relativistic heavy ion reactions are carried out for the reaction of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ with $^{238}\mathrm{U}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$, Ag, and Cu and compared with experimental data. The primary product distributions are calculated using the abrasion-ablation model. Nuclear charge distributions are calculated using either a stochastic model or a model based upon the zero-point oscillations of the giant dipole resonance. Standard statistical deexcitation calculations are used to calculate secondary product distributions. The results show that some of the principal features of the residue mass and charge distributions can be accounted for with the simple assumptions of the abrasion-ablation model and the assumption that product charge distributions are due to the sudden nature of the interaction and the zero-point oscillations of the giant dipole resonance.
Composite system reliability analysis using particle swarm optimization

This paper presents a new approach to composite system reliability analysis. This approach is based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is used as an intelligent method for scanning the state space. This paper adapts traditional binary PSO to bi-objective binary PSO using load curtailment and state probability as the two objectives to better control the particle dynamics. Another novel feature of this method is that while it utilizes information from failure states to estimate loss of load indices, it also uses information from acceptable states that are encountered to accelerate the convergence of the estimate. The method is demonstrated on the modified IEEE Reliability Test System. It is also shown to compare very favorably with Monte Carlo Simulation.
The influence of thyroxine on oxidative phosphorylation and related reactions

Studies on the influence of thyroxine on oxidative phosphorylation and associated reactions in submitochondrial particles have revealed several new thyroxine effects. The rate of the ATP-32P exchange reaction was reduced by thyroxine and this inhibition was doubled by adding the thyroxine to the incubation medium after the particles rather than before. The increased inhibition of the exchange reaction was associated with a reduction in P/O ratios and a loss of the stimulatory effect of thyroxine on substrate oxidation. The improvement in P/O ratios in the presence of thyroxine reported earlier has now been shown to be largely due to an inhibition of the ATPase activity of the particles. The previously reported stimulation of substrate oxidation by thyroxine has been shown to be more pronounced at lower particle concentrations. At 12° this stimulatory effect was masked by the slow rate of the terminal phosphate-transferring reactions unless phosphorylation was uncoupled by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Thyroxine also increased the absorbancy of the submitochondrial particle suspensions, but this effect appeared to be unrelated to any of the other thyroxine effects. These data suggest that inhibition of the terminal phosphate-transferring reactions by thyroxine and some of its analogues may be responsible for the reduction in phosphorylation efficiency by these compounds. Depending upon the type of preparation used and on the incubation condition these inhibitory effects may mask the stimulation of substrate oxidation.
Electron microscopic observations on the cell-free nature of glomerular basement membrane after treatment of isolated renal glomeruli with trichloroacetic acid.

Abstract Sixty per cent trichloracetic acid ( w w ) at 25 °C is effective in dissolving the cells and cellular membranes of isolated canine renal glomeruli, leaving a somewhat altered basement membrane.
Evoked potentials recorded from scalp and spinous processes during spinal column surgery

Abstract Peroneal nerve evoked potentials were simultaneously recorded from scalp and from wire electrodes inserted into lumbar and thoracic spinous processes at multiple levels during surgery for correction of spinal column curvature in 43 patients. Spinal potentials progressively increased in latency rostrally. Over cauda equina and rostral spinal cord initially positive triphasic potentials were recorded. Over caudal spinal cord the response consisted of initial positive-negative diphasic potentials that merged with broad large negative and positive potentials. At rapid rates of stimulation, the initial diphasic component was stable but the subsequent potentials significantly diminished in amplitude. This suggests that the diphasic component reflects presynaptic activity arising in the intramedullary continuations of dorsal root fibers and that the subsequent components reflect largely postsynaptic activity. Scalp recordings at restricted bandpass (30–3000 c/sec) revealed well defined positive and negative potentials with mean peak latencies of 25.9 and 29.9 msec (P V -N 1 ). The amplitudes and latencies of P V -N 1 remained relatively stable throughout general anesthesia with halogenated agents which suggests that this component may be a reliable monitor of conduction within spinal cord afferent pathways during spinal surgery. Data are presented which suggest that selective filtering may help to distinguish faster frequency, synchronous axonal events from slower frequency, asynchronous axonal or synaptic events.
Structure and reactivity of surface vanadium oxide species on oxide supports

Abstract Supported vanadium oxide catalysts, containing surface vanadia species on oxide supports, are extensively employed as catalysts for many hydrocarbon oxidation reactions. This paper discusses the current fundamental information available about the structure and reactivity of surface vanadia species on oxide supports: monolayer surface coverage, stability of the surface vanadia monolayer, oxidation state of the surface vanadia species, molecular structures of the surface vanadia species (as a function of environment and catalyst composition), acidity of the surface vanadia species and reactivity of the surface vanadia species. Comparison of the molecular structure and reactivity information provides new fundamental insights into the catalytic properties of surface vanadia species during hydrocarbon oxidation reactions: (1) the role of terminal VO, bridging VOV and bridging VO-support bonds, (2) the number of surface vanadia sites required, (3) the influence of metal oxide additives, (4) the influence of surface acidic and basic sites, (5) the influence of preparation methods and (6) the influence of the specific oxide support phase. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of supported vanadia catalysts, compared to other supported metal oxide catalysts, for hydrocarbon oxidation reactions are also discussed.
A method for determination of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves at constant temperature, pH, and PCO2.

Abstract A method for direct determination of hemoglobin oxygen saturation at predetermined values for pH, PCO2 , PO2, and temperature is described, and its applicability to studies of the oxygen dissociation curve for whole blood under various controlled conditions is discussed and illustrated.
Friend spleen focus-forming virus glycoprotein gp55 interacts with the erythropoietin receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum and affects receptor metabolism.

Abstract The Friend spleen focus-forming virus envelope glycoprotein, gp55, binds to the murine erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) and triggers growth activation in the absence of EPO. Interleukin 3-dependent lymphoid cell lines that have been stably transfected with the EPO-R cDNA grow in the presence of EPO or interleukin 3. In these cells, the EPO-R is synthesized as a minor 62-kDa unglycosylated form and a major 64-kDa form carrying one high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharide. A fraction of the 64-kDa form is processed to a 66-kDa species with complex-type sugars. Very little of the EPO-R is expressed on the cell surface and all three forms of EPO-R are degraded rapidly. Cells transfected with both EPO-R and gp55 cDNAs grow in the absence of EPO. Most of the EPO-R associated with gp55 is endoglycosidase H-sensitive, suggesting that the interactions between these proteins occur in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the endoglycosidase H-sensitive EPO-R is more stable than in the absence of gp55, a result suggesting that interaction of gp55 with the EPO-R causes it to remain within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is possible that gp55 EPO-R complexes within this compartment send a growth-promoting signal to the cell.
An Analysis of Lymph Node DNA for Possible Bacterial Agents of Cat-Scratch Disease

Recent investigations have implicated Afipia felis and Rochalimaea henselae as possible agents of cat-scratch disease (CSD). We studied lymph nodes with necrotizing granulomas characteristic of CSD for A. felis and R. henselae DNA so that the relationship of these organisms to lymph nodes with necrotizing granulomas of unknown etiology might be better defined. We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsies with necrotizing granulomas suggestive of CSD from 28 children obtained over the last 10 years. None had identifiable bacteria, fungi, or acid-fast organisms on routine staining. Pleomorphic bacillary structures consistent with the CSD bacillus were seen with the Steiner stain in 17 cases. We performed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the extracted lymph node DNA with DNA primers for these organisms after demonstrating the presence of amplifiable DNA with c-K-Ras primers. R. henselae was identified in two samples. A. felis DNA was found in just one specimen. These putative CSD bacteria are infrequently associated with necrotizing granulomas using standard PCR techniques. It is possible that some of the patients did not have clinical CSD. The preservation of DNA or numbers of bacteria in the extracted sections may be inadequate for demonstration by DNA amplification methods. These bacilli may be responsible for a small proportion of these characteristic lesions of unknown etiology, or the typical CSD histology, including the presence of pleomorphic bacillary structures, may be nonspecific.
Herbicide tolerance and weed control strategies for Lesquerella production

Abstract Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats, has the potential of being an economical, water-efficient source of hydroxy fatty acid that is useful in the production of specialty lubricants, plastics, coatings, and cosmetics. Lesquerella's slow initial growth habit makes it noncompetitive with most weed species. This is especially true during the spring when the more aggressive summer weeds begin to appear. Because the cost of hand-weeding is commercially prohibitive, the primary subject of this study was to develop effective weed control strategies for Lesquerella , including herbicide tolerance, efficacy, and application techniques. Three years of herbicide tolerance studies in the field and greenhouse have identified preplant incorporated (PPI), postemergence (POST), and layby (LAY) herbicides to which Lesquerella is tolerant (less than 15% damage, with 100% damage meaning complete kill). Because Lesquerella is a new crop, which also could be a potential weed, it was also necessary to note several herbicides to which it has no tolerance. Herbicides that appear to be excellent candidates for registration include, PPI: trifluralin, benefin, and ethalfluralin; POST: oxyfluorfen, fluazifop, clopyralid, and sethoxydim; LAY: pendimethalin and DCPA. Rates and timing of application are very important for some materials. Materials that are potential, but less likely, herbicide candidates include, PPI: pendimethalin; PRE: napropamide and pronamide; POST: pronamide and dicamba.
The Prove-Them-Wrong Syndrome: Voices from Unheard African-American Males in Engineering Disciplines:

Using the grounded theory approach as a conceptual framework, this study sought to explore the phenomenon of persistence. More specifically, the purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions...
Diprenorphine, an antagonist of opioid analgesia, elicits a positive affective state in rats

A dose of diprenorphine, which produces no analgesia, antagonizes the analgesia of other opioids, and facilitates pressing for brain stimulation in rats, was shown to establish a conditioned place preference. This finding provides further support for the conclusion that opioid analgesia and the positive reinforcing characteristics of opioids are separable.