cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self Love and Christian Ethics: Right self love

An adequate account of right self love must begin with an analysis of the self who is to love herself because the moral life is not simply a matter of doing good, but of being and becoming good. Chapter Three argued that as the person takes up her self-relation she responds to God's offer of the divine self. Self love can be rightly or wrongly enacted. Right self love, then, designates the morally proper form of self-relation. This chapter (1) explores the relation of self love and love for God; (2) argues that right self love is only actualized and assessed socially and historically, and, accordingly, explores the relation between self love and love for neighbor, and between self love and social justice; (3) and argues that self love is actualized and assessed in one's concrete acts and relations, such that right self love consists in the moral good of embodied integrity. This chapter continues reading Rahner and Tillich hermeneutically. By thinking with them we arrive at two insights into moral goodness. First, we see how the very structure of the person's experience of herself, mediated through what is other, arises in her asking about herself: the person comes to herself by understanding herself in relation to her world and to others. The mediated character of self-relation offsets solipsism and subjectivism, because the self's relation to itself can only be evaluated morally in terms of her acting in the world, and, specifically, in her relations with others.
Correlation of Term Count and Document Frequency for Google N-Grams

For bounded datasets such as the TREC Web Track (WT10g) the computation of term frequency (TF) and inverse document frequency (IDF) is not difficult. However, when the corpus is the entire web, direct IDF calculation is impossible and values must instead be estimated. Most available datasets provide values for term count (TC) meaning the number of times a certain term occurs in the entire corpus. Intuitively this value is different from document frequency (DF) , the number of documents (e.g., web pages) a certain term occurs in. We investigate the relationship between TC and DF values of terms occurring in the Web as Corpus (WaC) and also the similarity between TC values obtained from the WaC and the Google N-gram dataset. A strong correlation between the two would gives us confidence in using the Google N-grams to estimate accurate IDF values which for example is the foundation to generate well performing lexical signatures based on the TF-IDF scheme. Our results show a very strong correlation between TC and DF within the WaC with Spearman's ρ *** 0.8 (p ≤ 2.2×10*** 16) and a high similarity between TC values from the WaC and the Google N-grams.
Behavioral dynamics of visually-guided heading alignment in pedestrian following

The collective behavior of human crowds is thought to emerge from the local interactions between individual pedestrians, such as the coordination of walking speed and direction (heading). This coordination is guided by visual information about the motion of one's neighbors. A critical interaction assumed by many models of collective behavior is the alignment of heading with neighbors. Using a behavioral dynamics framework, we simulated experimental data on pairs of pedestrians to formulate a dynamical model of heading alignment. On each trial, a "follower" either walked behind or beside a "leader" for 20m, while the leader made two unpredictable turns. The initial distance and position, turn sequence, magnitude, and timing varied. Head trajectories were recorded with a 16-camera motion capture system. RESULTS show that the follower's heading direction was closely coordinated with that of the leader (mean cross-correlation r = 0.92, mean delay between pedestrians = 984 ms for behind; r = 0.93, delay = 219 ms for side-by-side). We tested four models against this data to characterize the follower's change in heading during alignment, using a least-squares criterion. In the simplest model, the follower's angular acceleration is proportional to the sine of the heading difference (mean r = 0.72, gain k = 0.81 for behind; r = 0.70, k = 0.69 for side-by-side); additional terms did not improve fit. An alternative model that incorporates the mean time delays yielded similar gains (mean r = 0.71, k = 1.17 for behind; r = 0.71, k = 1.21 for side-by-side), thus generalizing across different leader-follower positions. The results show heading alignment is controlled by nulling the difference in heading with a neighbor. This provides a cognitively-grounded model of heading alignment that may be generalized to larger-scale crowd dynamics. We are currently investigating the optical variables that control these interactions. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015. Language: en
“Unitarianism, Universalism, and Unitarian Universalism”

Unitarian Universalism is a liberal religious tradition with denominational roots in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and theological roots stretching back to the Radical Reformation and the patristic period. Originally two traditions of liberal Christianity, its current non-creedal form includes Christian, Buddhist, Jewish, pagan, mystical, process, and humanist spiritualities.
Intra-frame deblurring by leveraging inter-frame camera motion

Camera motion introduces motion blur, degrading the quality of video. A video deblurring method is proposed based on two observations: (i) camera motion within capture of each individual frame leads to motion blur; (ii) camera motion between frames yields inter-frame mis-alignment that can be exploited for blur removal. The proposed method effectively leverages the information distributed across multiple video frames due to camera motion, jointly estimating the motion between consecutive frames and blur within each frame. This joint analysis is crucial for achieving effective restoration by leveraging temporal information. Extensive experiments are carried out on synthetic data as well as real-world blurry videos. Comparisons with several state-of-the-art methods verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Monochorionic diamniotic twin gestations discordant for markedly enlarged nuchal translucency

Objective To assess karyotypes and outcomes of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies discordant for markedly enlarged nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester. Method Brigham and Women's Hospital's ultrasound database was queried to identify all MCDA gestations in which one twin had NT ≥ 3.5 mm and the co-twin had normal NT. Cytogenetic results, ultrasound findings, and pregnancy outcomes were reviewed. Results Of 162 MCDA twin pairs, 11 were discordant for NT ≥ 3.5. Chromosomal abnormalities were present in three cases: one twin pair was concordant for trisomy 18; one pair discordant for mosaic trisomy 2; and one pair discordant for confined placental mosaicism (CPM) (high frequency tetraploidy). Adverse outcomes for twins with euploid or unknown karyotypes included twin reverse arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence, growth discordance, and esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. Conclusion Postfertilization nondisjunction leading to mosaicism in one fetus, discordant phenotypes yet concordant karyotypes, and discordance for CPM were documented phenomena, supporting karyotyping of both twins. In this case series, discordant NT was a marker for chromosome abnormalities, as well as for complications specific to monochorionic gestations, including TRAP sequence, amniotic fluid discordance, and structural anomalies. Nonetheless, normal fetal anatomy and karyotype were the most common outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On decoupling and stabilization of linear systems

This paper presents an algorithm for simultaneous decoupling and stabilization of linear dynamic systems. In those cases where instability is associated with the unobservable part of the decoupled system one may have to use a dynamic compensator to preserve decoupling. In such cases the algorithm yields compensators of lowest possible order.
Solving Pathogen Sudoku

When pathogenic organisms infect humans, they express a multitude of proteins, and similarly, host cells express numerous proteins that can either restrict or collaborate with the pathogen. Thus, in order to block only the protein (or proteins) required for virulence, one would need to know the
Susceptibility of Camellia to Phytophthora ramorum

Camellia is a known host of Phytophthora ramorum, the "sudden oak death" pathogen. During 2003-2004, the organism was shipped from California throughout the U.S. on infected nursery stock, leading to a nationwide effort to recover the infected plants. This paper describes the symptoms on Camellia and the relative susceptibility of nine species and four hybrids. Camellias varied widely in susceptibility, with Camellia x ‘Roni gaki’ showing the worst overall symptoms, while some other cultivars showed little or none. Obvious symptoms include leaf lesions and stem blight; defoliation, while more difficult to observe, was also characteristic in camellias. The pathogen persisted in diseased plants, notably in stem tissue, for at least a month as demonstrated by isolation. One month after inoculation, roots remained asymptomatic, but the pathogen could be recovered from washed or surface-sterilized root pieces. These results will aid the ongoing national survey for P. ramorum at nurseries and forests.
Work Schedule and Task Factors in Upper-Extremity Fatigue:

We tested the combined effects of work schedule and task factors on upper-extremity fatigue in the laboratory during 8-h and 12-h shift schedules. Participants performed a simulated manual assembly task at three repetition rates and three torque loads and self-adjusted their work cycle duration to maintain fatigue at moderate levels. Work cycle durations decreased with increases in both load level and repetition rate. Fatigue was observed more quickly with increasing time on shifts and during night shifts compared with day shifts. Work schedule effects were most apparent at lighter workloads, with minimal differences at higher workloads. The highest fatigue levels were observed during 12-h night shifts, with similar levels reached by the end of both the week of 8-h night shifts and the week of 12-h day shifts. Overall durations were 20%-30% shorter than in previous short-term studies, which was likely a result of the more realistic work schedules used in this study. Results from this study could be applied to the design of work-rest schedules for manual tasks involving the upper extremities.
Obfuscatory obscanturism: Making workload traces of commercially-sensitive systems safe to release

Cloud providers such as Google are interested in fostering research on the daunting technical challenges they face in supporting planetary-scale distributed systems, but no academic organizations have similar scale systems on which to experiment. Fortunately, good research can still be done using traces of real-life production workloads, but there are risks in releasing such data, including inadvertently disclosing confidential or proprietary information, as happened with the Netflix Prize data. This paper discusses these risks, and our approach to them, which we call systematic obfuscation. It protects proprietary and personal data while leaving it possible to answer interesting research questions. We explain and motivate some of the risks and concerns and propose how they can best be mitigated, using as an example our recent publication of a month-long trace of a production system workload on a 11k-machine cluster.
Outcome Three Years After Motor Stroke

There are few well-designed descriptive studies that focus exclusively on the long-term outcomes of patients after motor stroke. This study reports mortality rates and describes the psychological and functional outcomes 3 years after motor stroke. A description of the variables during acute care and at 3 months that best explain function 3 years after motor stroke is also provided. Home visits were made to 30 patients and another 19 were interviewed by phone. The four instruments used to measure the outcomes were the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (COGNISTAT), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™). Eleven of the 60 patients contacted had died by the 3-year follow up. The main outcome measures were 3-month FIM of 117.07 (± 12.53) and 3-year outcomes for CES-D (6.70 [± 7.29]), COGNISTAT (69.67 [± 15.62]), MMSE (27.53 [± 2.74]), and FIM (114.57 [± 19.00]). A number of multiple regression models were examined; in the best model, the FIM at 3 months accounted for 46% of the variance in function 3 years following the stroke. It is important for rehabilitation nurses to know that the mortality rate was low, psychological outcome was improved, and function was stable 3 years after a motor stroke. Every 45 seconds someone has a stroke, and approximately 90% of stroke survivors are left with some residual deficit (American Heart Association, 2008). One particular subtype of stroke, pure motor stroke, is characterized by a hemiparesis or hemiplegia, which
Ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessile scyphozoan, Haliclystus octoradiatus (Cnidaria: Stauromedusae).

An ultrastructural study of the ovary of the sessible jellyfish, Haliclystus octoradiatus, indicates that it is fundamentally different from that of other scyphozoans and is the most structurally complex within the class. Oocytes develop within a series of spherical, sac-like ovarian follicles consisting of an enlarged intercellular space between two layers of subumbrellar gastrodermis. Developing oocytes are largely restricted to a thin germinal epithelium at the periphery of each follicle and gradually migrate toward the lumen as they mature. Individual oocytes are surrounded by early germ cells and follicle-like accessory cells of presumed somatic origin. Similar folliclelike cells have not been described in the Cnidaria previously. Vitellogenesis appears to involve the combined activity of the Golgi complex and associated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ovarian morphology may be helpful in deciphering phylogeneitc relationships within the Cnidaria. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Blood Compatibility of Cetyl Alcohol/Polysorbate-Based Nanoparticles

Pegylated and nonpegylated cetyl alcohol/polysorbate nanoparticles (E78 NPs) are being tested as drug carriers for specific tumor and brain targeting. Because these nanoparticle formulations are designed for systemic administration, it is important to test the compatibility of these lipid-based NPs with blood and blood cells. The hemocompatibility of E78 NPs was evaluated with a particular focus on hemolytic activity, platelet function, and blood coagulation. Human red blood cell lysis was determined by measuring hemoglobin release. Activation and aggregation of human platelets were determined using flow cytometry and aggregometry, respectively. Finally, the whole blood clotting time was measured using human blood. E78 NPs did not cause in vitro red blood cell lysis at concentrations up to 1 mg/mL. In addition, under conditions tested, E78 and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated E78 NPs (PEG-E78 NPs) did not activate platelets. In fact, both NP formulations very rapidly inhibited agonist-induced platelet activation and aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, E78 NPs significantly prolonged in vitro whole blood clotting time at a concentration of 500 μg/mL or greater. It was concluded that PEG-coated and nonpegylated E78 NPs have potential blood compatibility at clinically relevant doses. Based on the calculated nanoparticle-to-platelet ratio, the concentration at which E78 NPs could potentially affect platelet function in vivo was approximately 1 mg/mL.
Rigorous convex underestimators for general twice-differentiable problems

In order to generate valid convex lower bounding problems for nonconvex twice-differentiable optimization problems, a method that is based on second-order information of general twice-differentiable functions is presented. Using interval Hessian matrices, valid lower bounds on the eigenvalues of such functions are obtained and used in constructing convex underestimators. By solving several nonlinear example problems, it is shown that the lower bounds are sufficiently tight to ensure satisfactory convergence of the αBB, a branch and bound algorithm which relies on this underestimation procedure [3].
The effects of mating system on male mate choice in a coral reef fish

We show how mate limitation appears to be critical in determining whether or not males exercise mate choice among available females. Thalassoma bifasciatum is a Caribbean reef fish with two distinct mating patterns: group-spawning and pair-spawning. In both mating systems, female fecundity is variable and size dependent, and female availability is high. However, sperm competition among group-spawning males apparently limits the number of effective matings in which a male may engage, whereas territorial pair-spawning males have little or no such limitation. Group-spawning males should be discriminating in their choice of mates and our data confirm this: there is strong evidence for assortative mating in group-spawns, with more large males joining in mating groups around large females. In contrast, pair-spawning males show no indication of mate preferences, and spawn with all females who arrive at their territories.
Controlled plasmon resonance properties of hollow gold nanosphere aggregates.

Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) ranging from 29.9 nm/8.5 nm (outer diameter/shell thickness) to 51.5 nm/4.5 nm and having aspect ratios spanning 3.5−11.7 were employed to investigate the ability to tailor charge oscillations of HGN aggregates by systematic variation of particle aspect ratio, interparticle gap, and nanosphere inner surface spatial separation. Altering these properties in aggregated HGNs led to control over the interparticle plasmon resonance. Thiol-mediated aggregation was accomplished using either ethanedithiol or cysteine, resulting in dimeric structures in which monomer subunits were spatially separated by <3 A and 1.2 ± 0.7 nm, respectively. Particle dimensions and separation distances were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Experimental absorption spectra obtained for high-aspect ratio nanospheres dimerized using ethanedithiol exhibited an obvious blue shift of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) relative to that observed for the native, monomeric HGN. This spectral differe...
Enhanced ultrafine coal dewatering using flocculation filtration processes

Abstract Ultrafine coal (−150 μm) can be effectively cleaned using advanced separation techniques such as column flotation, however, dewatering it to below 20 percent moisture level using the conventional dewatering techniques is difficult. A comparative flocculation filtration study was performed for enhancing dewatering of ultrafine coal using vacuum, hyperbaric, and centrifugal filters. The cationic and anionic flocculants were added into the slurry individually or in combinations. Vacuum filtration results showed that use of flocculants increased filtration rate by several times and/or substantially reduced cake moisture. Combined use of anionic and cationic flocculants showed further improvement. Addition of flocculants significantly increased filtration rate of hyperbaric filtration and reduced cake moisture in centrifugal filtration. Anionic flocculant was more effective in enhancing fine coal dewatering than cationic flocculant in vacuum filtration while cationic flocculant was more effective in high shear centrifugal filtration. A new approach on using flocculants in vacuum filtration is proposed for enhanced fine coal dewatering.
The Effects of a Sound-Field Amplification System on Managerial Time in Middle School Physical Education Settings

Purpose The focus of this research effort was to examine the effect of a sound-field amplification system on managerial time in the beginning of class in a physical education setting. Method A mult...
An M/G/1 type vacation queuing model with exceptional service for certain customers

Abstract A queuing model is considered in which the management adopts a policy whereby the service counter will open if and only if at least a prescribed number, R + 1, of customers are available in each busy period. The additional waiting time for the first R customers causes the system to provide them with exceptional service composed of two stages. The other customers receive a possibly different service. All service times are assumed to follow general distributions, and customers arrive into the system according to a Poisson process where the parameter depends upon the class of states the system is in. Under these assumptions, partial generating functions for classes of state probabilities are derived, and expressions for the expected queue length, busy period, and waiting time are obtained. Further results are obtained in the special case where service times follow hyperexponential distributions.
A transistor push-pull amplifier without transformer

A push-pull transistor amplifier has been developed using a matched pair in the output stage, with a minimum number of components and requiring no transformers.
A fundamental study of polymer melt devolatilization: III More experiments on foam-enhanced DV

A systematic, experimental study was conducted on the elementary process of devolatilization (DV) of volatile contaminants from polymer melts. Emphasis was placed on foam-enhanced DV from rolling melt pools, which are present in rotating machinery. All experiments were conducted in a specially designed apparatus at room temperature using poly(dimethyl siloxane) to simulate the melt, and methyl chloride together with several chlorofluorocarbons as the contaminants. The special apparatus was devoid of the flow complexities present in industrial equipment and permitted independent control of all pertinent operating parameters. Physical properties and process parameters examined include feed composition and vapor pressure of contaminant, applied vacuum level, rotational speed of the pool, viscosity of the melt, and the effect of air entrainment.
Can the Sodium-Calcium Exchanger Initiate or Suppress Calcium Sparks in Cardiac Myocytes?

Positive feedback of Calcium (Ca)-induced Ca release is the mechanism of Ca spark formation in cardiac myocytes. To initiate this process, a certain amount of Ca in the cleft space is necessary. When the membrane potential becomes higher during excitation-contraction coupling, Ca can enter through both Ca current (ICaL) and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and may activate ryanodine receptors to initiate a Ca spark. On the other hand, at the resting membrane potential (Vm ∼–80 mV), NCX removes Ca from the cell (forward mode). If Ca released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is quickly removed via forward mode NCX before Ca-induced Ca release starts, the Ca release becomes nonspark Ca leak. This would also be influenced by the cleft/noncleft distribution of NCX, which is unknown. Using a physiologically detailed mathematical model of subcellular Ca cycling, we analyze how NCX strength and distribution alter Ca spark formation. During excitation-contraction coupling, most Ca sparks are induced by ICaL with very few due to NCX current. At the resting membrane potential if most NCX is localized to the cleft, spontaneous Ca sparks are significantly reduced.
On the compilation of a leading index for the US economy

The shortcomings of the current method of compilation of the leading index of the US economy is first discussed. It is found that the current method does not take into consideration the differences of the leading structures among the selected component series, from which the leading index is composed. As a result, false turing signals may occur. In this study, a new estimation technique is first presented for the estimation of the lead structure of each of the component series. An alternate method of compilation is then proposed. One novel point of this compilation is that the weight distribution assigned to the component series includes their time-delayed terms (lag-terms).
Evaluation of the cardiolipin biosynthetic pathway and its interactions in the diabetic heart.

Abstract Aims We have previously reported alterations in cardiolipin content and inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) proteomic make-up specifically in interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) in the type 1 diabetic heart; however, the mechanism underlying this alteration is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine how the cardiolipin biosynthetic pathway and cardiolipin–IMM protein interactions are impacted by type 1 diabetes mellitus. Main methods Male FVB mice were made diabetic by multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections and sacrificed five weeks post-diabetic onset. Messenger RNA was measured and cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations were isolated. Further mitochondrial functional experimentation included evaluating the protein expression of the enzymes directly responsible for cardiolipin biosynthesis, as well as ATP synthase activity. Interactions between cardiolipin and ATP synthase subunits were also examined. Key findings Western blot analysis revealed a significant decrease in cardiolipin synthase (CRLS) protein content in diabetic IFM, with a concomitant decrease in its activity. ATP synthase activity was also significantly decreased. We identified two novel direct interactions between two subunits of the ATP synthase F0 complex (ATP5F1 and ATP5H), both of which were significantly decreased in diabetic IFM. Significance Overall, these results indicate that type 1 diabetes mellitus negatively impacts the cardiolipin biosynthetic pathway specifically at CRLS, contributing to decreased cardiolipin content and loss of interactions with key ATP synthase F0 complex constituents in the IFM.
Cooperativity in RNA-Protein Interactions: Global Analysis of RNA Binding Specificity

The control and function of RNA are governed by the specificity of RNA binding proteins. Here, we describe a method for global unbiased analysis of RNA-protein interactions that uses in vitro selection, high-throughput sequencing, and sequence-specificity landscapes. The method yields affinities for a vast array of RNAs in a single experiment, including both low- and high-affinity sites. It is reproducible and accurate. Using this approach,we analyzed members of the PUF (Pumilio and FBF) family of eukaryotic mRNA regulators. Our data identify effects of a specific protein partner on PUF-RNA interactions, reveal subsets of target sites not previously detected, and demonstrate that designer PUF proteins can precisely alter specificity. The approach described here is, in principle, broadly applicable for analysis of any molecule that binds RNA, including proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules.
Structural Integration: Origins and Development

Structural Integration (SI) is a system of manual therapy and sensorimotor education that purports to improve human biomechanical functioning as a whole rather than to treat particular symptoms. This article briefly reviews its origin and development; the theory, clinical methods, and scientific research have been summarized elsewhere.1 The content presented here was drawn from the existing literature, the author's training experience with the method's originator, and consultation with other senior SI practitioners.
Conversational Replies of Children with Specific Language Impairment

Conversational replies were examined in two groups of children with comparable vocabularies and speech limited to single-word utterances: children with specific language impairment, ages 2:10 to 3:...
Experimental investigation for wideband perforated dielectric resonator antenna

A wideband perforated dielectric resonator antenna (PDRA) is presented. The effective permittivity of the dielectric resonator is altered by drilling holes into a circular ring lattice inside the DRA. The PDRA is equivalent of having an annular ring with lower permittivity outside the cylindrical disk, resulting in enhanced impedance bandwidth. The measured bandwidth of a prototype PDRA with relative permittivity 10.2 is 26.7% (S11<−10 dB).
Choroid plexus carcinoma: Report of a case with lmmunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations

A choroid plexus carcinoma from the lateral ventricle of a ten-month-old boy was examined by light and electron microscopy. The neoplasm exhibited papillary and solid areas, invasion of adjacent brain, cytologic anaplasia, and necrosis. Intra- and extracellular PAS positive droplets were present, but no pigment was observed. No glial fibrillary acidic protein was detected within neoplastic cells. Ultrastructural examination revealed irregular nuclei with large nucleoli and occasional intranuclear filamentous rods. Cytoplasmic organelles included a moderate number of free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, and microtubules. In some areas, numerous mitochondria filled the cytoplasm. Surface specializations included zonulae adherentes, microvilli, and clusters of cilia with a 9 + 0 microtubular pattern. Clusters of basal bodies with prominent basal feet and striated rootlets were present within the cytoplasm. Normal choroid plexus from this patient also had 9 + 0 cilia. In contrast, choroid plexus papillomas from two other infants had cilia with a 9 + 2 pattern. These observations demonstrate that both differentiated and anaplastic choroid plexus neoplasms have the potential to form cilia, and that the microtubular structure of such cilia may deviate from the usual 9 + 2 pattern.
Social Networks Derived from Affiliations and Friendships, Multi-Informant and Self-Reports: Stability, Concordance, Placement of Aggressive and Unpopular Children, and Centrality.

This study compares three variations in how researchers construct middle childhood social networks: (1) with friendships or affiliations as a relational tie; (2) with children providing self reports of relationships, or in addition, multi-informant reports of relationships in which they are not involved; and (3) whether network computation is correlational or distance-based. The sample was 357 fourth- and fifth-grade students in 17 classrooms. The strongest differences were between self-reported friendship and affiliative networks. Results showed that compared with affiliations, friendship networks had smaller groups, more isolates, and lower fall-to-spring stability. Agreement in social placement between friendship and affiliative networks was generally average, but poor for unpopular and aggressive children. Multi-informant affiliative networks were most robust in their positioning of aggressive children. Multi-informant centrality was uniquely uncorrelated with aggression. Network computation differences were not substantial. Discussion focuses on recommendations for research and the educational promise of network technology.
Enclaves on Edge: Strategy and Tactics in Immigrant Business Spaces of Johannesburg

Amidst the recurrence of xenophobic attacks across South Africa, immigration researchers have examined the nexus among immigrant business practices, xenophobic discourses, and specific contexts of inclusion and exclusion in South African cities. Recent migration literature has highlighted differentiation within immigrant business communities while also turning attention to the spatialities of immigrant businesses. Building on this research, we examine multiple fields of economic and political power at work in inner-city immigrant business areas of Johannesburg as capitalist business and economies of scale have begun to replace bootstrap entrepreneurship in certain areas. We employ Bourdieu’s conception of fields of power and de Certeau’s distinction between strategies of the powerful and tactics of the subordinate to examine immigrant economic practices at multiple levels within and between the business communities. Based on interviews and extensive site observation in inner-city Johannesburg, our study examines the broad strategies of immigrant groups, such as enclave formation and immigrant insertion in niche markets. We highlight how overlapping interests within and beyond immigrant groups create specific realms within the ambit of broad strategies—realms that informal workers, both foreign and local, navigate and appropriate.
Metal Isotope Effect on Metal-Ligand Vibrations. IX. Far Infrared Spectra of Octahedral Nickel Halide Complexes of Pyridine and γ-Picoline

The far infrared spectra of Ni(pyridine) 4X2 and Ni(γ-picoline) 4X2 (X = Cl, Br and I) have been measured. The Ni-X and Ni-N stretching bands have been assigned based on isotopic shifts due to the 58Ni-62Ni, pyridine-pyridine-d5, and Cl-37Cl substitutions.
The Chemistry of High-Speed Electrolytic Facsimile Recording

A brief survey is made of the various electrolytic recording processes which have found use in facsimile. The requirements and conditions necessary for recording at higher speeds are discussed, with emphasis on the mechanism which has produced the most promising high-speed recording processes. Three general types of azo-color reactions which have proved most satisfactory at the higher recording speeds are described.
Fast and efficient processor allocation algorithm for torus-based chip multiprocessors

Processor Allocator (PA) is a crucial factor in modern Chip MultiProcessors (CMPs). A modern CMP uses Network on Chip (NoC) as communication technique between cores. Thus, the topology of the implemented NoC has also significant impact on the CMP's performance. A good processor allocation technique needs to be fast and ensure the highest possible system utilization. In this paper, we propose a processor allocation technique for such an efficient and fast PA. The PA is driven by a Bit Map Allocation for Torus (BMAT) algorithm, which is a technique designed for k-ary 2-cube topology. The proposed BMAT scheme is presented and described along with a new Busy List Allocation for Torus (BLAT), Sorting Allocation for Torus (SAT) and Stack Based Allocation for Torus (SBAT) algorithms. The presented techniques are compared with previously known important schemes for k-ary 2-mesh topology. The research ideas have been verified using experiments that have also been described in the paper. The presented simulation results reveal that the proposed processor allocation algorithm for k-ary 2-cube, as a technique for PA, achieves better allocation time than all other existing algorithms while the CMP with such a PA is characterized by very high system utilization.
Twin boundaries, impurities, and anisotropy in YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals

Abstract The role of twin boundaries and impurities in the superconducting properties of twinned and detwinned single crystals of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ is studied via magnetically modulated microwave absorption (MAMMA) and SQUID magnetometry. Twin boundaries do not affect the T c (91.5 K) or the width of the superconducting transition of high quality gold-doped samples. In contrast, a twinned crystal containing additional impurities exhibits a lower T c (88 K), a larger transition width, and a secondary transition ( T c = 86 K) due most likely to the segregation of impurities at the twin boundaries. A 10–15% anisotropy in the value of d T c /d H is observed in the a-b plane of the detwinned crystal.
Hydrophobic free energy, micelle formation and the association of proteins with amphiphiles

Abstract Experimental data for a variety of processes, all involving the removal of a hydrocarbon chain from contact with water, have been used to calculate the free energy changes associated with such processes. The results show remarkable regularity, especially in the influence of the length of the hydrocarbon chain. In the binding of such molecules to proteins, however, this regularity extends to only short hydrocarbon chains, clearly indicating a limited size for the hydrophobic combining region. In serum albumin, the binding of fatty acids and other amphiphiles is, moreover, not a purely hydrophobic reaction and a sizable contribution to the free energy of association arises from specific affinity for the hydrophilic head groups. A conclusion of general applicability is that proteins possessing binding sites for hydrophobic substances compete for such substances with aggregates such as micelles, bilayers or biological membranes, and that specific interactions, probably involving lipid head groups, are a likely prerequisite for association of a protein with a biological membrane.
Applications of minimally invasive cardiac output monitors

Because of the increasing age of the population, critical care and emergency medicine physicians have seen an increased number of critically ill patients over the last decade. Moreover, the trend of hospital closures in the United States t imposes a burden of increased efficiency. Hence, the identification of devices that facilitate accurate but rapid assessments of hemodynamic parameters without the added burden of invasiveness becomes tantamount. The purpose of this review is to understand the applications and limitations of these new technologies.
Patient care in North Carolina nursing homes.

Abstract Select aspects of patient care in 38 North Carolina proprietary nursing homes have been studied by questionnaires, interviews, observations and limited patient evaluations. Nursing home patients were elderly and predominately female. Many were mentally impaired, and all had chronic degenerative physical disorders. Continence, ambulation, and self-care ability tended to correlate with mental status. Many patients were long-term residents, but in some homes there was a fairly high annual turnover. Patients were usually seen by physicians at least once monthly; but in a few nursing homes, patients were not seen medically unless new symptoms developed. Medications, especially sedatives, tranquilizers, laxatives, and vitamins were used liberally. In some homes, nursing personnel were permitted considerable latitude in the administration of drugs. Patient records in the nursing homes varied in quality, but were often quite limited. Dental care was exceptional. Skilled nursing care procedures were less frequently rendered than personal care and supervision. Rehabilitative nursing practices were infrequent. Considerable staff time was devoted to feeding, bathing and dressing the patients, changing linens of the incontinent, caring for decubitus ulcers, giving enemas and medications. A sample of patients were evaluated for the potential benefit from simple rehabilitation. It appeared that many could quite easily relearn to take care of themselves, especially if severe mental incapacity were not present. To compare the quality of selected aspects of patient care, the nursing homes were ranked for items concerned with general patient care, rehabilitative patient care and patient activity performance. Quality of care was inconsistent. Most homes ranked high on some items but low on others. Suggestions for improving the quality of patient care in nursing homes are offered. These included intensified education of nursing home personnel, more extensive use of consultation services, using actual costs of services rather than fixed per diem as a basis for reimbursement and reserving some beds for shorter-stay convalescent patients.
Macrophage recruitment and epithelial repair following hair cell injury in the mouse utricle

The sensory organs of the inner ear possess resident populations of macrophages, but the function of those cells is poorly understood. In many tissues, macrophages participate in the removal of cellular debris after injury and can also promote tissue repair. The present study examined injury-evoked macrophage activity in the mouse utricle. Experiments used transgenic mice in which the gene for the human diphtheria toxin receptor (huDTR) was inserted under regulation of the Pou4f3 promoter. Hair cells in such mice can be selectively lesioned by systemic treatment with diphtheria toxin (DT). In order to visualize macrophages, Pou4f3-huDTR mice were crossed with a second transgenic line, in which one or both copies of the gene for the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 were replaced with a gene for GFP. Such mice expressed GFP in all macrophages, and mice that were CX3CR1(GFP/GFP) lacked the necessary receptor for fractalkine signaling. Treatment with DT resulted in the death of ∼70% of utricular hair cells within 7 days, which was accompanied by increased numbers of macrophages within the utricular sensory epithelium. Many of these macrophages appeared to be actively engulfing hair cell debris, indicating that macrophages participate in the process of 'corpse removal' in the mammalian vestibular organs. However, we observed no apparent differences in injury-evoked macrophage numbers in the utricles of CX3CR1(+/GFP) mice vs. CX3CR1(GFP/GFP) mice, suggesting that fractalkine signaling is not necessary for macrophage recruitment in these sensory organs. Finally, we found that repair of sensory epithelia at short times after DT-induced hair cell lesions was mediated by relatively thin cables of F-actin. After 56 days recovery, however, all cell-cell junctions were characterized by very thick actin cables.
Values and the conditions of global communication

This article examines the role of values in the shaping of futures from the perspective of global communication. It argues that the prospects for a democratic world society depend on the creation o...
A high-order photon Monte Carlo method for radiative transfer in direct numerical simulation

A high-order photon Monte Carlo method is developed to solve the radiative transfer equation. The statistical and discretization errors of the computed radiative heat flux and radiation source term are isolated and quantified. Up to sixth-order spatial accuracy is demonstrated for the radiative heat flux, and up to fourth-order accuracy for the radiation source term. This demonstrates the compatibility of the method with high-fidelity direct numerical simulation (DNS) for chemically reacting flows. The method is applied to address radiative heat transfer in a one-dimensional laminar premixed flame and a statistically one-dimensional turbulent premixed flame. Modifications of the flame structure with radiation are noted in both cases, and the effects of turbulence/radiation interactions on the local reaction zone structure are revealed for the turbulent flame. Computational issues in using a photon Monte Carlo method for DNS of turbulent reacting flows are discussed.
Facio-oculo-acoustico-renal (FOAR) syndrome: Case report and review

We report on an 11-year-old boy with distinct facial anomalies, iris coloboma, iris hypoplasia, cataract, high myopia, retinal detachment, moderate sensorineural hearing loss, and proteinuria. He appears to have the facio-oculo-acoustico-renal (FOAR) syndrome, a rare familial disorder reported only 4 times previously. In contrast to the other patients, he has normal intellect.
Lithium-niobate-silicon surface-wave convoluter

A large figure of merit M has been measured for a lithiumniobate-silicon acoustic-surface-wave convoluter. A theoretical expression for M is presented, which is in good agreement with the measured value.
CHANGES IN RESIDENT NEONATAL ETHICAL ATTITUDES ASSOCIATED WITH PEDIATRIC TRAINING

We previously demonstrated that Pediatric level 3 residents (PL3's) expressed attitudes of greater reluctance to resuscitate certain high risk infants than did Pediatric level 1 residents (PL1's) tested on the first day of training. We have followed our original group of PL1's at yearly intervals throughout residency training. Cumulative Guttman scaling procedures were employed to construct an attitude scale to measure the willingness of residents to resuscitate infants in a variety of clinical circumstances. A dynamic model of attitude change was tested using correlation and regression procedures. Residents demonstrated significantly increasing reluctance to resuscitate high risk infants over the first year of training compared to the first day of training (p<0.01), and again over the second year compared to the attitudes expressed at the end of the first year (p<0.01). This reluctance to resuscitate infants was accentuated by marriage (p<.005), but not by age, gender, or religious preference. There were no significant changes during the third year. These longitudinally acquired data support our original cross-sectional data demonstrating an association of Pediatric training and attitudes concerning neonatal resuscitation. These attitude changes are greatest during the first 2 years of training and may be accentuated by other personal factors.
The development of a measure to assess putative mechanisms of change in the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

1325 PARIS, J., ZELKOWITZ, P., GUZDER, J., JOSEPH, S., & FELDMAN, R. (1999). Neuropsychological factors associated with borderline pathology in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 38:770–774. PIPER, W.B., HASSAN, F.A.A., JOYCE, A.S., & MCCALLUM, M. (1991). Transference interpretations, therapeutic alliance, and outcome in short-term individual psychotherapy. Archives of General Psychiatry 48:946–953. WESTEN, D., NOVOTNY, C.M., & THOMPSON-BRENNER, H. (2004). The empirical status of empirically supported psychotherapies: Assumptions, findings, and reporting in controlled clinical trials. Psychological Bulletin 130:631–663. ——— & SHEDLER, J. (1999). Revising and assessing Axis II: II. Toward an empirically based and clinically useful classification of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 156:273–285.
Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM4 hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle

The contractile state of vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated by small changes in membrane potential that gate voltage-dependent calcium channels. The melastatin transient receptor potential (...
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for isolated adrenal metastasis.

Use of laparoscopy for isolated adrenal metastases is controversial. The aims of this study were to characterize patients with isolated adrenal metastases; compare operative characteristics of the laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) versus open adrenalectomy (OA) approach; and compare long-term oncological and surgical outcomes. Our adrenal resection database (1995–2006) identified 63 OA and 31 LA cases done for isolated adrenal metastases. Subset analysis was performed for all patients from isolated lung metastases (n = 39) and for all tumors smaller than 4.5 cm (n = 49). Overall, local recurrence was 17%, median survival 30 months and 5-year estimated survival 31%. The only independent predictor of survival for all (n = 94) was adrenal tumor size less than 4.5 cm (P = 0.01). When comparing LA with OA, no differences in local recurrence, margin status, disease-free interval or overall survival were observed for the entire group, or for patients with metastases only from lung cancer (n = 39) or for those with tumors smaller than 4.5 cm (n = 49). LA provided significantly shorter operative time (175 vs 208 min, P = 0.04), lower estimated blood loss (EBL) (106 vs 749 cc, P < 0.0001), shorter length of hospital stay (2.8 vs 8.0 days, P < 0.0001) and fewer total complications (P < 0.0001). LA is equivalent to OA in terms of margin status, local recurrence, disease-free interval and overall survival. LA for metastatic adrenal lesions is safe, with equivalent long-term oncological outcomes providing the additional benefits of a minimally invasive technique. LA can be recommended as an appropriate initial approach for isolated adrenal metastases.
Onlay ventral hernia repairs using porcine non-cross-linked dermal biologic mesh.

Introduction Ventral hernias are common and repair with mesh has been shown to reduce recurrence. However, synthetic mesh is associated with a risk of infection. Biologic mesh is an alternative that may be less susceptible to infection. Typically, the sublay position is preferred for mesh placement but this technique takes longer and has not been shown to have a lower recurrence rate than an onlay mesh. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of complex ventral hernia repair using a porcine non-cross-linked biologic mesh onlay.