cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR IN THE RAT AS A FUNCTION OF MATERNAL EMOTIONALITY

Current interest in the effects of early experiences on behavior has prompted this note reporting differences in emotionality in rats as a function of differences in emotionality of their mothers. Method.-Ss were the 31 offspring from the litters of the three most emotional, and the 25 offspring from the litters of the three least emotional, of 11 Long-Evans primiparous females. These were control animals of a different smdy in which emotionality had been tested in an open field and avoidance training given prior to mating. Cross-fostering occurred wichin the original population such that, for those animals abstracted for the present analysis, there was one litter from a low-emotional female that was raised by a high-emotional mother and two litters from high-emotional females that were raised by lowemotional mothers. The remaining litters were raised by their original mothers. Animals were weaned at 21 days, housed in groups, and fed ad libitum. A single l-min. trial in an open field was given ac approximately 38 days of age and again at approximately 136 days. As a measure of "cirnidity," time required for animals to emerge from their home cages was also recorded at these times. Resu1tr.-An analysis of variance was applied to the data on squares transversed in the open field. The cross-fostered and non-cross-fostered offspring were combined within the high-and low-emotion groups since inspection of the means of these subgroups (both male and female) gave no evidence that this manipulation differentially affected open-field behavior. Females were significantly more active than males (F = 6.86, df = 11104, p < .05). The
Unprecedented loss of stereochemical integrity at a neighboring quaternary carbon during oxidation of a highly substituted cyclohexanol

Abstract Whereas the oxidation of alcohol 3 with various types of reagents leads cleanly to ketone 5 , the epimeric alcohol 4 under identical circumstances experiences competitive desymmetrization to provide mixtures of 5 and 6 .
Wave-CISK in the Tropics

Abstract CISK (Conditional Instability of the Second Kind) is examined for internal waves where low-level convergence is due to the inviscid wave fields rather than to Ekman pumping. It is found that CISK-induced waves must give rise to mean cumulus activity (since there are no negative clouds), and it is suggested that this mean activity plays an important role in the finite-amplitude equilibration of the system. The most unstable CISK waves will be associated with very short vertical wavelengths [O(3 km)] in order to maximize (in some crude sense) subcloud convergence. Thus, the vertical scale is largely determined by the height of cloud base. The vertical scale, in turn, determines the dispersive relations between horizontal and temporal scales. It is found that there exists a wave-CISK mode which is independent of longitude, and hence independent of the mean zonal flow. Because of this independence, the period of this oscillation should form a prominent line in tropical spectra. This period turns out ...
Tilt angular correlation and tilt sensing techniques with a laser guide star

The two techniques for sensing full aperture tilt with a laser guide star (LGS) are described. The first technique exploits a full aperture beam transmitting through the main optical train. The two auxiliary telescopes, which are separated from the transmitter in transverse directions, are used to measure a laser beacon image motion. The contribution of the down propagation path to the tilt that is measured with an auxiliary telescope is eliminated by averaging LGS image over a laser beacon angular extent. Such averaging requires FOV of the receiver which greatly exceeds the tilt angular correlation scale. A second method exploits a small aperture beam transmitted from behind a portion of a primary mirror of the main telescope. A laser beacon image motion is measured simultaneously with the main and auxiliary telescopes. A full aperture tilt is determined by subtracting the tilt measured with the main telescope from that measured with an auxiliary one. This method does not require transmitting laser irradiance through the main optical train, and it might be used for the mesospheric sodium layer. A scheme for measuring uncontrolled motion of the main telescope is also considered.
Tunichromes and metal ion accumulation in tunicate blood cells

Abstract 1. 1. Metal analyses have been performed on the tunicates Ascidia nigra (accumulates V(III)), Ciona intestinalis (accumulates V(IV)) and Molgula manhattensis (accumulates Fe(II)). 2. 2. Negligible amounts of Cr, Ni, Mn, Ti and Cu were detected in blood cells, but Cu occurs at significant levels in the bodies of all species. Al was found in the blood of M. manhattensis . 3. 3. A green chromogen (tunichrome) was found in blood cells of all species. A. nigra possesses vanadium and tunichrome in approx equimolar concentrations. 4. 4. Tunichromes from C. intestinalis and M. manhattensis have absorption peaks at 270 nm; M. manhattensis tunichrome also has a peak at 340 nm. Both, like A. nigra tunichrome, can reduce Fe(III) and V(V).
An exegesis of two theories of compensation development: sequential decision theory and information integration theory

Abstract Previous studies on the development of problem-solving skills in compensation tasks suggest that sequential decision theory more accurately describes the earlier phases of development than information integration theory. Compared to information integration theory, sequential decision theory appears to provide a more valid representation of children's and adults' processing of simpler compensation problems. On more developmentally advanced compensation problems, adults appear to use a variety of strategies. Information integration is capable of describing many of these patterns accurately. However, detailed analyses of performances by children and adults indicate that processing compensation problems by algebraic integration is the exception, rather than the general rule.
Leptin Affects System A Amino Acid Transport Activity in the Human Placenta : Evidence for STAT3 Dependent Mechanisms

Abstract Background Amino acids are important nutrients during fetal development, and the activity of placental amino acid transporters is crucial in the regulation of fetal growth. Leptin, an adipocyte- and placenta-derived hormone, has been proposed to act as a peripheral signal in reproduction in humans. Leptin is elevated during pregnancy and elevated further in pathologic pregnancies such as preeclampsia. However, the role of leptin in placental function has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that leptin plays a role in the regulation of placental amino acid transport by activation of the JAK–STAT pathway. Methods Placental amino acid transport, specifically system A transport was studied in placental villous fragments using the amino acid analog, methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). Specific inhibitors of the JAK–STAT signal transduction pathway were used to further elucidate their role in leptin-mediated effects on amino acid transport activity. Western blotting was performed to identify STAT3 phosphorylation as a measure of leptin receptor activation. Results Leptin significantly increased system A amino acid transporter activity by 22–42% after 1 h of incubation. Leptin activated JAK–STAT signaling pathway as evidenced by STAT3 phosphorylation, and inhibition of STAT3 or JAK2 resulted in 36–45% reduction in system A amino acid transporter activity. Furthermore, blocking endogenously produced leptin also decreased system A transport by 45% comparable to STAT3 inhibition. Conclusions These data demonstrate that leptin stimulates system A by JAK–STAT dependent pathway in placental villous fragments. Our findings support the autocrine/paracrine role of leptin in regulating amino acid transport in the human placenta.
Mechanism design for a multicommodity flow game in service network alliances

We study a collaborative multicommodity flow game where individual players own capacity on the edges of the network and share this capacity to deliver commodities. We present membership mechanisms, by adopting a rationality based approach using notions from game theory and inverse optimization, to allocate benefits among the players in such a game.
Layers of looking

The films that I make are part documentary, part film essay, part visual poem. They are created out of a series of up to 30 drawings that are animated. The process from research to completion takes about 2 years, and at the end of it there is a film and a number of drawings that can be exhibited. This paper emerges out of the realisation that in the different stages of making a drawing and a film—from planning a drawing and seeking an image as a starting point through to the finished film being projected onto a screen in a gallery—I am looking at the image in different ways. There is a close-up kind of looking when I am drawing and a reflective kind of looking when I step back to take stock. There is a way of looking at darks and lights as they are built up that is different from the way of looking at the lines crossing the edges of the grid being used to transfer an image to the drawing paper. Seeing the drawings on the wall of my studio is different from seeing the same drawings in a museum setting.
Embedded RF Circuit Diagnostic Technique with Multi-Tone Dither Scheme

This paper provides development of an RF circuit software tool that automatically generates diagnostic programs for device interface boards. The diagnostic tool utilizes novel techniques to differentiate faulty RF circuits embedded in printed circuit boards. We present RF circuit diagnostic techniques using power sensors and multi-tone dither testing, which we integrated into the diagnostic software tool that we developed. The diagnostic tool provides user-transparent pseudocodes with high fault coverage and significantly decreases time to market.
Neurosurgery: Functional regeneration after laser axotomy

Understanding how nerves regenerate is an important step towards developing treatments for human neurological disease, but investigation has so far been limited to complex organisms (mouse and zebrafish) in the absence of precision techniques for severing axons (axotomy). Here we use femtosecond laser surgery for axotomy in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans and show that these axons functionally regenerate after the operation. Application of this precise surgical technique should enable nerve regeneration to be studied in vivo in its most evolutionarily simple form.
Atmospheric spectra from a multiplex Fabry-Perot interferometer

Remote sensing of major and minor constituents in the earth's atmosphere is of great importance to the study of climate and global change. Because much of remote sensing involves placing instrumentation in environments that are not easily accessible, such as balloons, spacecraft, or remote field stations, it is usually necessary that the instrumentation be compact, lightweight, and rugged. This paper describes the development of a new type of remote sensing instrument we have chosen to call the multiplex Fabry-Perot interferometer (MFPI). We present atmospheric spectra obtained with our working prototype instrument. The MFPI is a Fabry-Perot interferometer for which the etalon plate separation is changed over a large optical distance during a measurement. When the resulting interferogram is Fourier transformed the multiple reflections within the etalon cavity produce a spectrum analogous to that which would be produced by an array of Michelson interferometers. However, for high spectral resolution measurements the scan distance required by the MFPI is much less than for the comparable Michelson. The MFPI will be ideal for remote sensing applications where weight, size, and mechanical reliability are primary considerations.
Mass spectrometer systems and products. A directory of manufacturers and suppliers

A directory has been compiled of companiesw which supply mass spectrometers, components and services.
Reliability of communication flow in R&D organizations

Much attention has been given to the communication process in R&D organizations since the concept of a technological gatekeeper was proposed. By viewing the R&D organization as an information processing and generating system, the role communication network structure plays in determining R&D performance can be isolated and studied. Findings from empirical research are reviewed, providing a framework in which to examine and assess the communication patterns present in an R&D organization. A methodology is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of an organizational communication network with particular reference to project management. The proposed method permits the assessment of contemplated management actions intended to improve organizational communication.
What is Television Trying to Make Children Swallow?: Content Analysis of the Nutrition Information in Prime-time Advertisements

Abstracts The purpose of this study was to identify, content analyze, and describe the nutrition-related information (NRI) in commercials aired during the top-rated, prime-time network shows viewed heavily by the age 2- to 11-year-old category. A total of 17.5 hours of programs were videotaped during fall 1998.The NRI in the commercials was content analyzed by two researchers using the instrument developed for this study. Nearly one-quarter of the sampled programming (258 minutes) was used for commercial time. Of the 700 commercials shown, 67% were advertisements for goods and services, 32% were promotions for upcoming television programs, and 1% was public service announcements. One-third of the commercials contained NRI in the form of references that were verbal, written, visual and/or that showed people eating. NRI was most common in advertisements for products and services and was present in all product categories (e.g., electronics, automotive, financial services, foods and beverages). Approximately half of the NRI in food and beverage advertisements (N = 108) was misleading or inaccurate.The most frequently used claim to promote foods and beverages was taste; nutrition promotional claims were used much less often.Television must be recognized as a major source of nutrition (mis)information. An awareness of the NRI on television can help nutrition educators aid clients in making food choices more in line with current recommendations. This study's findings also point to the need to develop consumer education programs that equip individuals of all ages with the skills needed to assess the validity of nutrition information presented via television. In addition, it is clear that nutrition educators need to advocate for more advertisements for healthful foods and work with advertisers to help them send positive, accurate nutrition messages.
Whole Language, Critical Literacy and Accountability

(1992). Whole Language, Critical Literacy and Accountability. Journal of College Reading and Learning: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 29-39.
Unnatural Amino Acid Mutagenesis For Site-specific Incorporation Of Keto And Azido Functionalities Into Functional G Protein-coupled Receptors

The insertion of unnatural amino acids into proteins using amber stop codon suppression has shown promise as a technique for probing protein structures. To investigate applications to studies of G protein-coupled receptors, we have developed methods that allow incorporation of each of three tyrosine analogues -- p-acetyl-phenylalanine (Acp), p-benzoyl-phenylalanine (Bzp) (Ye, Kohrer et al. 2008), and p-azido-phenylalanine (Azp) - into GPCRs site-specifically at high yields in mammalian cell culture. The unique keto and azido functionalities allow specific attachment of tags and fluorophores into GPCRs by hydrazone and Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation respectively under physiological conditions. Together with cysteine-specific labeling methods, our technique will make it possible to introduce pairs of fluorophores in a general way. This is a prerequisite for single molecule fluorescent resonance energy transfer (smFRET) studies, which will yield receptor dynamic information not readily available by other experimental methods.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Work Roles, Management and Perceived Well-being for Married Women within Family Businesses

The study uses the National Family Business Survey and is grounded in the systemic Sustainable Family Business Model. It investigated the relationship between management activity of married women within family businesses and perceived well-being controlling for work roles, family context, personal and financial resources. Statistical analyses indicated that successfully achieving the most important family goal was positively related to management activity. Low-income women performed more management than did those with other income levels. Successfully achieving family goals, having lower education, less competition between family and business resources, no family cash flow problems, and higher management activity contributed to positive perceived well-being. Well-being increased at a decreasing rate as income increased.
Haptics for scientific visualization

The use of haptics in scientific visualization has barely begun, yet it already shows great promise. While haptics may be useful for pure visualization tasks, its true power comes from its ability to allow the user to simultaneously push on and be pushed by the computer. This allows direct and immediate control and sensing of parameters in a simulation.
Obesity Does Not Alter the Pharmacokinetics of Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated) in Severe Sepsis

BACKGROUND:Drotrecogin alfa (activated) [DrotAA] is approved for the reduction of mortality in adults with severe sepsis (sepsis with acute organ dysfunction) and high risk of death. Patients whose actual body weight was >135 kg were excluded from the Phase III PROWESS trial.OBJECTIVE:To compare exposure to DrotAA in patients with severe sepsis weighing >135 kg with those weighing ⩽135 kg in an open-label, Phase IV trial, and quantify the elimination half-life (t1/2) of DrotAA in these patients.METHODS:PROWESS inclusion/exclusion criteria were used, except that patients >135 kg were enrolled. Blood samples were collected for steady-state plasma concentration (Css) analysis of activated protein C once each day and for t1/2 analysis after infusion. Weight-normalized clearance (Clp) and t1/2 estimates for DrotAA were calculated and compared between weight groups.RESULTS:Patient weight range was 59–227 kg. There were 32 patients ⩽135 kg and 20 patients >135 kg enrolled. Median Clp was 0.45 L/h/kg (interquarti...
Sources of plant-derived carbon and stability of organic matter in soil: implications for global change

Alterations in forest productivity and changes in the relative proportion of above- and belowground biomass may have nonlinear effects on soil organic matter (SOM) storage. To study the influence of plant litter inputs on SOM accumulation, the Detritus Input Removal and Transfer (DIRT) Experiment continuously alters above- and belowground plant inputs to soil by a combination of trenching, screening, and litter addition. Here, we used biogeochemical indicators [i.e., cupric oxide extractable lignin-derived phenols and suberin/cutin-derived substituted fatty acids (SFA)] to identify the dominant sources of plant biopolymers in SOM and various measures [i.e., soil density fractionation, laboratory incubation, and radiocarbon-based mean residence time (MRT)] to assess the stability of SOM in two contrasting forests within the DIRT Experiment: an aggrading deciduous forest and an old-growth coniferous forest. In the deciduous forest, removal of both above- and belowground inputs increased the total amount of SFA over threefold compared with the control, and shifted the SFA signature towards a root-dominated source. Concurrently, light fraction MRT increased by 101 years and C mineralization during incubation decreased compared with the control. Together, these data suggest that root-derived aliphatic compounds are a source of SOM with greater relative stability than leaf inputs at this site. In the coniferous forest, roots were an important source of soil lignin-derived phenols but needle-derived, rather than root-derived, aliphatic compounds were preferentially preserved in soil. Fresh wood additions elevated the amount of soil C recovered as light fraction material but also elevated mineralization during incubation compared with other DIRT treatments, suggesting that not all of the added soil C is directly stabilized. Aboveground needle litter additions, which are more N-rich than wood debris, resulted in accelerated mineralization of previously stored soil carbon. In summary, our work demonstrates that the dominant plant sources of SOM differed substantially between forest types. Furthermore, inputs to and losses from soil C pools likely will not be altered uniformly by changes in litter input rates.
Special Fault Tolerant properties of FFT-based transform domain Adaptive Filters

Transform domain fault tolerant adaptive filters (FTAFs) rely on inherent learning capabilities of the adaptive process to compensate for transient (soft) or permanent (hard) errors in the hardware implementation. In this paper it is shown that an FFT-based transform domain FTAF operating on real valued signals can provide a considerable degree of fault tolerance without introducing redundant hardware. When the filter operates on real valued signals the added complexity of complex arithmetic provides additional fault tolerant capabilities that may be useful for adaptive filters implemented in highly scaled nano-technology circuits where soft and hard errors are of increasing concern.
Effects of Zebra and Quagga Mussel (Dreissena spp.) Invasion on the Feeding Habits of Sternotherus odoratus (Stinkpot) on Presque Isle, Northwestern Pennsylvania

We investigated diet and its relationship to trophic morphology in Ster- notherus odoratus (Stinkpot) in northwestern Pennsylvania on Presque Isle, Lake Erie. Three taxa were most prevalent in fecal samples: invasive Eurasian mussels, small snails, and trichopteran larvae. No sexual difference in diet was apparent, although males had relatively wider heads than females. Signifi cant positive correla- tion of proportion of sample volume composed of mussels with width of the head and alveolar surfaces was accompanied by nonsignifi cant negative correlation of proportion composed of snails with both variables. The results thus suggest a shift in molluscan prey preference with increasing size of the trophic apparatus. Total consumption of mollusks was high relative to most other reports of Stinkpot diet. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the Stinkpot is the second turtle species found to prey heavily upon invasive mussels and thereby participate in transferring production from the pelagic zone to the littoral zone.
Design of through-the-earth mine communication system using helical antennas

The helical antenna can be used in through-the-earth mine communications systems. Properly designed the field reaching the receiver above the ground is sufficient for maintaining communication with the underground transmitter.
Drawing Random Samples in Cross'Cultural Studies: A Suggested Method1

A simple method for drawing a random sample, which must be used to meet the assumptions of inferential statistical tests utilized in cross-cultural studies, is to take a list of the cultural universe and select the sample from it by some random procedure. A problem inherent in this method is that no one has defined the unit, culture, in such a way as to make this practicable. A grid method for drawing random samples is suggested as an alternative that effectively avoids this problem. The advantages and disadvantages of this grid method in comparison with other sampling methods are also discussed. Although the grid method does not produce a completely random sample of cultures, as defined, it seems to conform more closely than other methods now in use to this ideal.
Fracture behavior of degraded polyethylene thin films for solar thermal applications

Abstract Thin polymer films and tubes are under consideration as materials for use in roof top mounted solar thermal collectors. When polymer components are exposed to chlorinated water or UV light, degradation can lead to diminished mechanical performance and premature failure from rupture. In this paper, fracture toughness and crack growth of degraded polyethylene (MDPE) are investigated. Thin film PE samples (0.3 mm thick) are degraded through exposure to 80 °C chlorinated water (8 ppm chlorine) for up to 45 days. The extent of degradation is quantified by carbonyl index, a nondestructive measure of the chemical byproduct of degradation, such that a high carbonyl index indicates significant degradation. Single edge notched specimens are prepared from the degraded samples and mode I fracture tests are performed. In one set of tests, samples are loaded at a constant rate and the fracture toughness of the film samples is evaluated by the essential work method. In another set of tests, samples are loaded under a constant load and the crack growth rate is measured. The data can be used to inform design of polymeric components for solar applications. For designs that use thin films, the fracture toughness can be used to obtain a conservative estimate of the critical stress . Hence, an appropriate film thickness can be selected to ensure that stresses do not exceed the design stress value during the lifetime of the component. For designs that use tubes, the rate of crack growth can be used to estimate the time to rupture. Tube thickness can be selected to extend the lifetime.
Tabular method for determining root distribution of delta-operator formulated real polynomials

A tabular method for the investigation of real polynomial root distribution with respect to the circle /spl verbar/c+1//spl Delta//spl verbar/=1//spl Delta/ in the complex plane is presented. Such a procedure is useful in stability considerations of /spl delta/-operator formulated discrete-time systems with sampling time /spl Delta/, in particular, when the characteristic polynomial contains literal coefficients. We show that, direct verification of stability may be preferable over techniques that utilize transformations when the sampling frequency is fast relative to the system bandwidth. In addition, as sampling frequency increases, the relationship with the well known Routh-Hurwitz table becomes apparent. >
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a technique to prevent screw loosening

Abstract Statement of problem. Abutment screw loosening of single and multiple fixed partial dentures attached to external hexagonal implants is commonly encountered. Purpose. A technique that has been reported to prevent abutment screw loosening was tested with cyclic loading to determine its effectiveness. Material and Methods. A sample using identical components and test protocol, with the abutment screw tightened to 20 Ncm, was used as control. Results. On the basis of the data obtained, the recommended technique does not increase resistance to screw loosening. The control sample sustained a mean number of cycles to screw loosening of more than twice that of the technique evaluated. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:430-2.)
Effect of compensatory acceleration training in combination with accommodating resistance on upper body strength in collegiate athletes

Purpose To determine the impact of inclusion of a band or chain compensatory acceleration training (CAT), in a 5-week training phase, on maximal upper body strength during a 14-week off-season strength and conditioning program for collegiate male athletes.
III Validity Review of Performance Measures

A structured process for evaluating the validity of performance measures is essential if the rates generated by these measures are to be relied upon for large-scale programmes to improve clinical care. In this evaluation process a panel of objective clinicians who were not involved in developing the performance measures examines the criteria, coding instructions, and coding form. The panel's job is to determine the degree to which a sample of patient records containing treatment elements that have been flagged for nonconformance to certain criteria are truly nonconformant. Modifi-cation of the performance measure according to the recommendations of the panel provides an important means of reducing measurement error by eliminating obvious sources of false positive findings. This article describes the procedures followed and the materials used to validate the performance measures developed for the project to Develop and Evaluate Methods for Promoting Ambulatory Care Quality (DEMPAQ), a research project contracted by the Health Care Financing Administration of the United States government [1–3]. DEMPAQ is described in Fig. 1. In the DEMPAQ project, record review is conducted by entering data directly from patient ambulatory records into a computer system. Instructions for abstracting the data are displayed on the computer monitor.
The Direct Estimation of Near-Bottom Turbulent Fluxes in the Presence of Energetic Wave Motions

Abstract Velocities produced by energetic waves can contaminate direct covariance estimates of near-bottom turbulent shear stress and turbulent heat flux. A new adaptive filtering technique is introduced to minimize the contribution of wave-induced motions to measured covariances. The technique requires the use of two sensors separated in space and assumes that the spatial coherence scale of the waves is much longer than the spatial coherence scale of the turbulence. The proposed technique is applied to an extensive set of data collected in the bottom boundary layer of the New England shelf. Results from the oceanic test demonstrate that the technique succeeds at removing surface-wave contamination from shear stress and heat flux estimates using pairs of sensors separated in the vertical dimension by a distance of approximately 5 times the height of the lower sensor, even during the close passage of hurricanes. However, the technique fails at removing contamination caused by internal motions that occur oc...
'The Truth Should Live from Age to Age': Child Ciphers in Richard III and Elizabethan Civic Pageantry

While recent scholarship on Shakespeare’s Richard III has greatly increased our understanding of the historicity and representation of the famous princes in the tower, it has also created the unfortunate habit of reducing all the play’s children to simple tragic spectacles—infant victims that appall the audience and aver the ‘unnaturalness’ of Richard’s challenge to Tudor power. Yet children in Richard III do far more than simply die. The play’s children facilitate a staging of serious questions about legitimacy, natural affection and sovereign power. This article argues that the juxtaposition of children and the sovereign figured prominently in Elizabethan pageantry, in courtly rhetoric and on the stage. Such juxtaposition provided a metaphorical reminder to the sovereign to fulfill the role of a good parent and treat their subjects with tender, familial affections. Furthermore, because these children could be understood as ciphers —the carriers of implanted narratives for which they stood in a forced metonymy—they became representatives of repressed narratives or taboo claims that refused to mold themselves to the contours of power. In Richard III , which bombastically confronted its audience with the spectre of unnatural sovereignty, children became loaded symbols of legitimacy tasked with speaking truth to power and, by their deaths, demonstrating that the truth ‘should live from age to age.’
Exploring late Paleoindian and early Archaic unfluted lanceolate point classification in the Southern Plains

During the late Paleoindian and early Archaic periods, the Southern Plains witnessed a diversification in unfluted lanceolate point styles. The classification of these points into distinct and mean...
Application of Suzuki–Miyaura and Buchwald–Hartwig Cross‐coupling Reactions to the Preparation of Substituted 1,2,4‐Benzotriazine 1‐Oxides Related to the Antitumor Agent Tirapazamine

Many 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxides display the ability to selectively kill the oxygen-poor cells found in solid tumors. As a result, there is a desire for synthetic routes that afford access to substituted 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1-oxides that can be used as direct precursors in the synthesis of 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxides. Here we describe the use of Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions for the construction of various 1,2,4-benzotriazine 1-oxide analogs bearing substituents at the 3-, 6-, and 7-positions.
Imaging of traumatic and non-traumatic emergencies – one approach

Selection and design of the most appropriate imaging studies during an emergency involving pregnant and/or potentially pregnant female has been the topic of numerous recent articles. While radiation dose must be limited to the necessary amount, a cautious application must never be so severe as to compromise the ability to make the correct diagnosis. No one approach suits all facilities or all circumstances. All approaches need to be institution specific, and may be country or continent dependent. In this article we review our approach to this scenario.
γ-Al2O3 Thin Films Catalyst Model Support Preparation on β-NiAl(110) Alloy

Low temperature oxidation of NiAl(110) alloy has been studied with surface characterization methods and cross-section TEM. Our work demonstrated thin and high quality single crystal γ-Al 2 O 3 (111) films have grown heteroepitaxially on NiAl(110) alloy. The orientation relationship of metal/oxide is NiAl(1 1 0) || γ-A1 2 O 3 ( 111 )and NiAl(211)∥γ-Al 2 O 3 (311) with very slight lattice mismatch. Al cation outward diffusion dominates during this low temperature oxidation confirmed by EELS mapping along interface.
Electron microscope studies of the absorption of lipids

Abstract The pathway of absorption of ethyl esters of a fraction (fraction 7) of a molecular distillate of oxidized cod liver oil has been traced by electron microscopy. The observations are consonant with the concept that the fatty acids, glycerol and monoglycerides are absorbed across the cell membrane and are resynthesized within the endoplasmic reticulum into triglycerides. No evidence of pinocytosis of lipid droplets was observed at the cell surfaces. The epithelial cell appears to be capable of segregating relatively unsaturated from relatively saturated fatty acids and to elaborate the two in the form of electron dense or electron lucent chylomicrons. Liver cells share this ability to segregate unsaturated from saturated lipids. These experiments demonstrate the importance of ingested lipid, specifically oxidized lipid, in the development of disease. It is suggested that a noxious agent is carried across the cell and into the blood stream by the absorptive process, with ultimate severe damage to cell membranes and to blood platelets, ending in pregnant animals in a lethal episode of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
You say you want a revolution

I argue that Dixon et al. fail to maintain a careful distinction between the negative evaluation definition of “prejudice” and the implications of this definition for correcting the social ills that prejudice engenders. I also argue that they adduce little evidence to suggest that if prejudice were diminished, commensurate reductions in discrimination would not follow.
Assessment of the Performance Potential of Advanced Subsonic Transport Concepts for NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project

NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project has matured technologies to enable simultaneous reductions in fuel burn, noise, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions for future subsonic commercial transport aircraft. The fuel burn reduction target was a 50% reduction in block fuel burn (relative to a 2005 best-in-class baseline aircraft), utilizing technologies with an estimated Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 4-6 by 2020. Progress towards this fuel burn reduction target was measured through the conceptual design and analysis of advanced subsonic commercial transport concepts spanning vehicle size classes from regional jet (98 passengers) to very large twin aisle size (400 passengers). Both conventional tube-and-wing (T+W) concepts and unconventional (over-wing-nacelle (OWN), hybrid wing body (HWB), mid-fuselage nacelle (MFN)) concepts were developed. A set of propulsion and airframe technologies were defined and integrated onto these advanced concepts which were then sized to meet the baseline mission requirements. Block fuel burn performance was then estimated, resulting in reductions relative to the 2005 best-in-class baseline performance ranging from 39% to 49%. The advanced single-aisle and large twin aisle T+W concepts had reductions of 43% and 41%, respectively, relative to the 737-800 and 777-200LR aircraft. The single-aisle OWN concept and the large twin aisle class HWB concept had reductions of 45% and 47%, respectively. In addition to their estimated fuel burn reduction performance, these unconventional concepts have the potential to provide significant noise reductions due, in part, to engine shielding provided by the airframe. Finally, all of the advanced concepts also have the potential for significant NOx emissions reductions due to the use of advanced combustor technology. Noise and NOx emissions reduction estimates were also generated for these concepts as part of the ERA project.
Predictors of 30-Day Hospital Readmission After Posterior Cervical Fusion in 3401 Patients.

Retrospective cohort study. To determine readmission rates and predictors of readmission following posterior cervical fusion (PCF). PCFs are common spinal operations for a variety of spinal disorders including cervical myelopathy, unstable fractures, cervical deformity and tumors. Data elaborating on risk factors for 30 day readmission are limited. Data were collected from the 2006 to 2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Predictors of 30 day readmission comprising patient demographics, comorbidities, operative features and postoperative complications were identified through logistic multivariable regression. 3401 patients met study criteria. Rate of 30 day readmission was 6.20%. Multilevel fusion was performed in 69.16% of patients. Postoperative infection was the most reason, accounting for 17.06% of all readmissions. Age >70 years (OR 1.61, p = 0.012), renal failure requiring dialysis (OR 3.69, p = 0.011), anemia (OR 1.57, p = 0.006), multilevel fusion (OR 1.61, p = 0.012), surgical site infections (OR 20.4, p < 0.001) wound dehiscence (OR 19.08, p < 0.001), postoperative pneumonia (OR 2.75, p = 0.01), pulmonary embolism (OR 15.39, p < 0.001), and progressing renal insufficiency (OR 10.13, p = 0.061) were significant predictors of hospital readmission. The identified predictors of readmission following PCF can improve patient counseling, identification of high risk patients, and guide changes in healthcare delivery pathways. Patients with modifiable risk factors such as anemia and kidney failure may benefit from preoperative optimization. Additionally, postoperative complications represent a key target for intervention. Level of evidence: 3
2.01-Ga Kennedy dike swarm, southeastern Wyoming Record of a rifted margin along the southern Wyoming province

The Kennedy dike swarm of the central and northern Laramie Mountains is the most extensive Precambrian dike swarm of the Wyoming province. The dikes occupy from 15 to 20% of a 100-km-wide exposure of Archean basement, and include diabasic, plagioclase-phyric, and peridotitic rock types. U-Pb zircon and baddeleyite data indicate that dikes were intruded at 2010 Ma. The dikes were deformed locally and metamorphic zircon replaced igneous baddeleyite to varying degrees during the collisional Medicine Bow orogeny that affected the southern margin of the Wyoming province between 1780 and 1760 Ma. The geochemical compositions of the dike swarm exhibit a continuum with considerable overlap between diabase, plagioclase porphyry, and peridotite. Medium-grained rocks along the margins of peridotite are the best estimate of parental, mantle-derived magma compositions. The variations in major element compositions are the result of magmatic differentiation and crystal accumulation. Minor amounts of assimilation of felsic Archean crust, identified from Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions, have significantly affected the abundances of some trace elements including the rare earth elements. The Kennedy dike swarm records Paleoproterozoic rifting of the southern Wyoming province. Identification of the rifted continental block rests in part on the recognition of a coeval dike swarm. The only well-dated dikes of similar age are the Lac de Gras dike swarm of the Slave craton. A tectonic reconstruction juxtaposing the southeastern Wyoming province with the northern Slave province is proposed.
The Importance of Mathematics as a Prerequisite to Introductory Financial Accounting

ABSTRACTMathematics has long served as a prerequisite to introductory financial accounting in the 4-year college business curriculum. However, 2-year colleges have been slower to adopt math as a prerequisite. Its usefulness in relation to achieving successful completion of accounting has not been demonstrated at either a 2-year or 4-year college. Using data from students who enrolled in introductory financial accounting at a 2-year college over a 13-year period, the research reported here consists of the generation of a logistical regression model to ascertain the role of mathematics in relation to improving the odds of success in introductory financial accounting. The results indicate that successful completion of introductory financial accounting improves when high school GPA (grade point average), collegiate maturity, as well as combined prerequisites of math and English are taken into consideration.
Advances in the Understanding of Renal Proximal Tubular Na+/K+ ATPase Regulation by Parathyroid Hormone and Dopamine

Na+/K+ ATPase activity is highly regulated in the renal proximal tubules by several hormones including PTH and dopamine. Both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and dopamine decrease Na+/K+ ATPase activity and expression by similar yet distinct signaling mechanisms. The role of PTH in regulation of Na+/K+ ATPase in renal proximal tubules is not very well studied. In contrast, dopamine regulation of Na+/K+ ATPase is extensively studied. This chapter focuses on the differential regulation of Na+/K+ ATPase by PTH and dopamine in renal proximal tubule cells.
Viral hepatitis complicating the Dubin-Johnson syndrome.

A young black woman with the Dubin-Johnson syndrome developed acute Australia antigen-positive viral hepatitis. Histological studies have reaffirmed the previously described disappearance of the Dubin-Johnson pigment from her liver in the convalescent phase of the hepatitis. Prolonged Bromsulphalein studies at this time have demonstrated the persistence of the hepatic excretory defect for organic anions. This confirms the supposition that the pigment in the livers of patients with the Dubin-Johnson syndrome is the result of the excretory defect rather than its cause.
Printer security and forensics

Several methods exist for printer identification from a printed document. We have developed a system that performs printer identification using intrinsic signatures of the printers. Because an intrinsic signature is tied directly to the electromechanical properties of the printer, it is difficult to forge or remove. These signatures are shown to be robust against several attacks models. In addition we have developed methods for embedding information into a text document using extrinsic signatures. Using these techniques we have been able to embed over 12kbits of information imperceptibly into a page of 12-point text.
Inverting for Maritime Environments Using Proper Orthogonal Bases From Sparsely Sampled Electromagnetic Propagation Data

Predicting in situ maritime electromagnetic (EM) propagation conditions is of great importance to radar operations within the marine atmospheric boundary layer. To characterize the EM propagation conditions, at a specific location in time and space, the current research constructs (offline) a library of sparsely sampled EM coverage data, expressed as proper orthogonal modes, so as to enable the solution of an inverse problem for the current EM propagation conditions (online). The online inversion is effected within a context that exploits an implied differential geometric structure associated with the manifold containing the proper orthogonal mode library entries.
Rare event simulation for Markov random fields with application to grain growth in crystals

Stochastic models of images are very useful for applications such as segmentation, deblurring, and reconstruction. Sometimes it is important to be able to simulate, or draw samples from, a stochastic image model. For example, simulation can be used as an optimization tool for segmenting, deblurring, or reconstructing an image. Also, simulation of images that characterize a system can be helpful in understanding the system, by allowing virtual exploration of models of the system instead of expensive and time-intensive physical experimentation. There are of course many Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for drawing samples from the ubiquitous Markov random field (MRF) image model. However, these methods draw sample images that represent typical cases of the model. To sample images that occur with low probability, which represent rare events, a prohibitive number of Monte Carlo samples would need to be drawn using traditional MCMC. In this paper, we turn to large deviations theory and importance sampling to propose a rare-event simulation method for MRFs. We then use an impactful problem from materials science to demonstrate the application of our method. More specifically, we look at the phenomenon of abnormal grain growth in polycrystalline materials. With our proposed method, we consistently generate images containing abnormal grain growth, though this is a very challenging problem for standard Monte Carlo simulation methods. Importantly, our method can be used to simulate rare events in a broad class of imaging applications, namely those that use an MRF model.
Helper T-lymphocyte count: TRAx CD4 test kit versus conventional flow cytometry

Background We evaluated a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for measuring helper T-lymphocyte count. Methods Data from 111 human immunodeficiency virus-infected injection drug users in a cohort study were analyzed by flow cytometry and independent duplicate runs of the TRAx enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The mean helper T-cell counts were 470, 480, and 506 per microliter by flow cytometry and TRAx runs 1 and 2, respectively. The correlation coefficients for TRAx runs 1 and 2 with the flow cytometry results as the dependent variable were .93 and .91, respectively. A cross-tabulation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay helper T-lymphocyte counts with flow cytometry counts showed agreement of 71% and 76% when the flow count was between 201 and 500, and 88% and 90% when it was greater than 500 cells per microliter. In those samples with 200 or fewer helper T cells, agreement was 73% and 41% for each TRAx run. Conclusions The TRAx enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system is an acceptable method for measuring helper T-lymphocyte count, but should be recalibrated for better performance at helper T-cell counts below 200 per microliter.