cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of high-level injection behavior in double heterojunction bipolar transistors

The combination of velocity saturation, and a valence band offset at the base-collector junction reduces the performance of double heterojunction bipolar transistors at high injection levels because of the formation of a retarding potential barrier. This barrier causes saturation of the transconductance, early onset of high level injection in the base, and a rapid decrease of f/sub T/ for J/sub C/>J/sub K/. An analytical model is developed for computation of the barrier height and the I-V characteristics. The results are in good agreement with computer simulation. >
The Constructed Explanation: Interpreting Election Results in the 1984 Presidential Race

As a means of popular control over government, elections are a blunt instrument: powerful but not very articulate. The ballot gives voters the chance to select candidates, but not to explain why th...
On the conformation of bilirubin ditaurate

The first optically active taurine conjugate of a bilirubin was prepared by reaction of taurine sodium salt with the mixed anhydride formed from reaction of (βS,β′S)-dimethylmesobilirubin-XIIIα with isobutyl chloroformate. Analysis of the circular dichroism spectra of the conjugate in water and chloroform indicate a conformational preference for the (M)-helical ridge-tile conformation, thus providing the first spectroscopic evidence on the conformation of ditaurobilirubins.
Coalescent processes when the distribution of offspring number among individuals is highly skewed.

We report a complex set of scaling relationships between mutation and reproduction in a simple model of a population. These follow from a consideration of patterns of genetic diversity in a sample of DNA sequences. Five different possible limit processes, each with a different scaled mutation parameter, can be used to describe genetic diversity in a large population. Only one of these corresponds to the usual population genetic model, and the others make drastically different predictions about genetic diversity. The complexity arises because individuals can potentially have very many offspring. To the extent that this occurs in a given species, our results imply that inferences from genetic data made under the usual assumptions are likely to be wrong. Our results also uncover a fundamental difference between populations in which generations are overlapping and those in which generations are discrete. We choose one of the five limit processes that appears to be appropriate for some marine organisms and use a sample of genetic data from a population of Pacific oysters to infer the parameters of the model. The data suggest the presence of rare reproduction events in which ∼8% of the population is replaced by the offspring of a single individual.
A novel method to calculate looming cue for threat of collision

Visual looming is related to an increased projected size of an object on a viewer's retina as the relative distance between the viewer and the object decreases. Psychologists have reported about subjects avoiding collision using this information by reacting defensively. In this paper we present a quantitative approach to visual looming and describe a novel method to measure this visual cue using visual fixation and studying the relative change in irradiance in the image. This visual cue can be used in the sense of a threat of collision for autonomous obstacle avoidance.
Cold-acclimation induced changes in freezing tolerance and translatable RNA content in Citrus grandis and Poncirus trifoliata

Cold-acclimation-induced changes in freezing tolerance and translatable RNA content were compared in seedlings of a relatively cold sensitive citrus species, Citrus grandis L. Osb. cv. Thong Dee (pummelo), and the cold-hardy citrus relative, Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. cv. Pomeroy (trifoliate orange). Cold acclimation of pummelo (10 days at 15°C followed by 4 weeks at 10°/5°C, day/night) resulted in a decrease in LT50 from −6 to −8°C, while in trifoliate orange (acclimated for 7 weeks at 5°C), the LT50 decreased from −9 to −18°C. Qualitative changes in the in vitro translation profile, revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, were observed following cold acclimation in both species. An mRNA for a large polypeptide (ca 160 kDa) was detected following cold acclimation of trifoliate orange. A similar change was not observed in pummelo following cold acclimation.
Hermanitos Comanchitos: Indo-Hispano Rituals of Captivity and Redemption

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Enrique Lamadrid Year: 2003 Pages: 264 Publisher: University of New Mexico Press ISBN: 0-8263-2878-4 Prices: $45.00 US
Fumarate Hydratase Deficiency in Monozygotic Twins

Monozygotic twins with fumarate hydratase deficiency presenting with profound hypotonia and developmental delay are reported. This rare organic aciduria has been previously described in random case reports, although, to our knowledge, these are the first reported monozygotic twins and gene testing revealed a novel mutation in both. During their course, one of the twins also developed acute pancreatitis, which has not been previously described in association with this particular organic aciduria.
Effects of Neuro-Developmental Treatment and Orthoses on Knee Flexion During Gait: A Single-Subject Design

The interactive effects of neuro-developmental treatment and inhibitive ankle-height orthoses on gait were examined via a single-subject research design. Knee flexion during gait at initial contact, mid-stance, heel-off, and mid-swing were measured in a 2-year-old girl with diplegia by use of a goniometer and freeze-frame videography. During the treatment and treatment/orthoses phases, a decrease in excessive knee flexion was noted. Changes in trend over time were greater in the 3-week treatment phase than in the 3-week treatment/orthoses phase. Changes in level at the initiation of the treatment/orthoses phase were greater than in the treatment phase. The described neuro-developmental treatment activities were conducted correctly 92% of the time according to an independent observer. The interrater reliability of goniometric data measured by videography was .93 using intraclass correlation coefficients. The results of this study suggest that both methods of treatment can be used to decrease excessive knee flexion during gait in a child with diplegia.
Towards a Political Elaboration of Human Rights Beyond the Nation-State: A Critical Note on Habermas

In this paper I address an inconsistency between the national and supranational articulations of Jurgen Habermas’s theory of right. In Between Facts and Norms, Habermas departs from Kant’s transcendental framework to elaborate a political grounding of rights that rests on the co-originality of human rights and popular sovereignty. In this view, human rights are basic legal rights that result from the politically autonomous elaboration of the abstract right to equal individual liberties. Human rights become concrete, enforceable, and fairly distributed rights only via democratic processes of self-legislation. In Habermas, this becoming concrete of rights confines their realization within the boundaries of discrete political communities that interpret them in light of particular national histories. This creates a tension between the universal aspiration of human rights and their local conditions of realization; a tension that returns to haunt Habermas’s cosmopolitan proposal. In particular, his project of a constitutionalization of international law entails the idea of a global regime of human rights without popular sovereignty. This not only undermines the tenets put forward in Between Facts and Norms, but also precludes the possibility of an intercultural dialogue on human rights capable of addressing the common charge of ethnocentrism. I argue that this tension stems from Habermas’s commitment to a nationally bounded notion of the demos. In response, I show how some of Habermas’s own insights actually loosen this commitment, and outline the idea of a global demos capable of restoring the co-originality thesis at the supranational level.
Model for Aging and Cognitive Decline

A population of neurons in the cerebral cortex of humans and other mammals organize themselves into vertical microcolumns perpendicular to the pial surface. Anatomical changes to these microcolumns have been correlated with neurological diseases and normal aging, and in particular in area 46 of the rhesus monkey brain the strength of microcolumns was shown to decrease with age. We have previously developed a model to simulate aging brains by constructing a microcolumnar network of neurons and allowing the neurons to undergo Brownian motion while being constrained by a harmonic force that weakens as a function of age. Now, we expand on this model by constructing and simulating the generated neural networks. By generating a young neural network from strong restorative forces, one can create an initial distant dependent connectivity. Then, we age these networks and presume that connectivity between neurons either weakens or severs as a function of neural displacement from initial neuronal positions. We aim to show that older networks are unable to efficiently shift between different firing regimes, providing a potential mechanism for loss of information processing in relation to microcolumnar structure.
The Relationship of the Fruiting of the Cotton Plant and Overwintered Boll Weevils to the F1 Generation

Studies at College Station, Texas, in 1960-64 on the population dynamics of the boll weevil in an isolated plot showed that generation rates of increase varied from 2- to 40-fold. Differences seemed attributable to the magnitude of the overwintered generation. The larger populations of overwintered weevils limited square production, thereby limiting oviposition sites. Consequently, proportionately fewer F1 resulted than from small overwintered populations. Peak F1 emergence was associated with the peak blooming period of the cotton in the plot.
On political responsibility in post-revolutionary times: Kant and Constant's debate on lying:

In “On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy,” Kant holds the seemingly untenable position that lying is always prohibited, even if the lie is addressed to a murderer in an attempt to save the ...
Clinical and Pathologic Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis and Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.

Background: The treatment for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is controversial because PTMC is often found incidentally and its prognosis is very good. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the main predictors of recurrence and survival. This retrospective study aimed to identify clinical and pathologic factors that increase the risk of metastasis or recurrence, in order to isolate clinically unfavorable PTMCs to help guide therapy. Methods: Clinical and pathologic data were collected from 273 patients diagnosed with PTMC at The University of Chicago Medical Center between 2000 and 2011. Data points included age, sex, race/ethnicity, tumor size, multifocality, thyroiditis, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), surgical margins, preoperative clinical suspicion of cancer, central/lateral lymph nodes removed and lymph nodes with metastatic carcinoma, treatment, local recurrence, distant recurrence, and survival. Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed that age <45 years (odds ratio [...
Religion and Politics in an East Anglian Port City: The Case of Ipswich

The chaos and corruption of Nottingham were closely imitated in Ipswich. A handbill printed in the autumn of 1832 alleged that a bid for election cost candidates and their patrons between £10,000 and £12,000,1 and although unrest was not as severe as in Nottingham, this was probably due mainly to Ipswich’s smaller population. Nevertheless, the borough had had a long history of tumultuous election contests in the century before 1832,2 and a letter to the Ipswich Journal in December of that year bemoaned the fact that ‘[i]n the last fourteen years, five contests have taken place; and under such circumstances!’3 The next 15 years would be no kinder: between December 1832 and July 1847, there were a total of nine elections in Ipswich, and every one was contested.
Acoustic scattering by a sphere in the time domain

Abstract A sound pulse is scattered by a sphere leading to an initial–boundary value problem for the wave equation. A method for solving this problem is developed using integral representations involving Legendre polynomials in a similarity variable and Volterra integral equations. The method is compared and contrasted with the classical method, which uses Laplace transforms in time combined with separation of variables in spherical polar coordinates.
The Biblioteca Berenson at Villa I Tatti

Although it began as the personal library of one of the most influential art historians and connoisseurs of the last century, the Biblioteca Berenson now has a broad interdisciplinary scope that goes far beyond art and art history. As the library of Harvard University’s Center for Italian Renaissance Studies since the 1960s, it has become a major resource for research into all aspects of the society, culture and thought of Italy between about 1200 and 1650. Nonetheless the Berenson Library offers rich and often unique resources for art historical research, both on the Renaissance and on the 20th century.
Treatment of Advanced Malignant Uterine Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor with mTOR Inhibitors: Single-institution Experience and Review of the Literature.

Uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal tumors. Many have malignant behavior, and no successful treatment strategy has been established. Identification of mutations in the tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1) and TSC2 genes producing constitutive activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway presents an opportunity for targeted therapy. Patients with advanced malignant uterine PEComa treated with mTOR inhibitors were identified and records were retrospectively reviewed for treatment response based on radiographic assessment. Three patients with advanced uterine PEComas underwent debulking surgery followed by mTOR inhibitor therapy; two had a complete response to therapy and disease in one patient progressed. Conclusion: Given the absence of effective therapies for malignant uterine PEComas, targeting the mTOR pathway is a logical strategy to pursue given the known pathobiology involving the Tuberous Sclerosis complex. Treatment of malignant uterine PEComas with mTOR inhibitors was effective in two out of three patients after surgical resection, with durable response.
NCR1 Expression Identifies Canine Natural Killer Cell Subsets with Phenotypic Similarity to Human Natural Killer Cells

Canines spontaneously develop many cancers similar to humans - including osteosarcoma, leukemia, and lymphoma - offering the opportunity to study immune therapies in a genetically heterogeneous and immunocompetent environment. However, a lack of antibodies recognizing canine NK cell markers has resulted in suboptimal characterization and unknown purity of NK cell products, hindering the development of canine models of NK cell adoptive immunotherapy. To this end, we generated a novel antibody to canine NCR1 (NKp46), the putative species-wide marker of NK cells, enabling purification of NK cells for further characterization. We demonstrate that CD3-/NKp46+ cells in healthy and osteosarcoma-bearing canines have phenotypic similarity to human CD3-/NKp46+ NK cells, expressing mRNA for CD16 and the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30, NKp44, and NKp80. Functionally, we demonstrate with the calcein release assay that canine CD3-/NKp46+ cells kill canine tumor cell lines without prior sensitization and secrete IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, and GM-CSF as measured by Luminex. Like human NK cells, CD3-/NKp46+ cells expand rapidly on feeder cells expressing 4-1BBL and membrane-bound IL-21 (median= 20,283-fold in 21 days). Further, we identify a minor Null population (CD3-/CD21-/CD14-/NKp46-) with reduced cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma cells, but similar cytokine secretion as CD3-/NKp46+ cells. Null cells in canines and humans have reduced expression of NKG2D, NKp44, and CD16 compared to NKp46+ NK cells, and can be induced to express NKp46 with further expansion on feeder cells. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized canine NK cells, including an NKp46- subset of canine and human NK cells, using a novel anti-canine NKp46 antibody, and report robust ex vivo expansion of canine NK cells sufficient for adoptive immunotherapy.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Ion Pairing in N,N-Diaryl Dihydrophenazine Photoredox Catalysts for Efficient Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Photoexcited intramolecular charge transfer (CT) states in N,N-diaryl dihydrophenazine photoredox catalysts are accessed through catalyst design and investigated through combined experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These CT states are reminiscent of the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states of ruthenium and iridium polypyridyl complexes. For cases where the polar CT state is the lowest energy excited state, we observe its population through significant solvatochromic shifts in emission wavelength across the visible spectrum by varying solvent polarity. We propose the importance of accessing CT states for photoredox catalysis of atom transfer radical polymerization lies in their ability to minimize fluorescence while enhancing electron transfer rates between the photoexcited photoredox catalyst and the substrate. Additionally, solvent polarity influences the deactivation pathway, greatly affecting the strength of ion pairing between the oxidized photocatalyst and ...
Development of an enhanced underwater navigation capability for military combat divers

Military combat divers conduct underwater navigation missions in conditions with extremely poor visibility. Critical to the success of these missions is accurate underwater navigation, as well as staying within closed circuit oxygen rebreather depth limits. Unfortunately, handheld or tactical board mounted compasses, depth gauges, and chronometers can become virtually useless in the zero visibility environment. This has been an ongoing and serious limitation to military combat diving operations.
De Novo and Acquired Resistance to Antitumor Alkylating Agents

Delineating mechanisms that mediate de novo and acquired resistance to alkylating agents could potentially lead to novel targets for improving the efficacy of this important class of anticancer drugs. De novo resistance is likely to contribute to minimal residual disease and the subsequent emergence of a more permanent form of drug resistance referred to as acquired drug resistance. The tumor microenvironment represents a rich source of both soluble factors and components of extracellular matrixes, both of which can favor cell survival following drug exposure. Experimental evidence suggests signals that originate from the tumor microenvironment are likely to contribute to de novo resistance and thereby facilitate the emergence of acquired resistance. DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, drug metabolism, transporters, and alterations in the apoptotic machinery represent potential mechanisms of resistance to alkylating agents. The role of these pathways in conferring acquired and de novo resistance will be discussed in detail this chapter.
Atraumatic Spine Distraction Induces Metabolic Distress in Spinal Motor Neurons

Corrective forces during spine deformity surgery, including distraction, impart significant stresses to the spinal cord that may result in permanent injury. Intraoperative neuromonitoring is commonly used by surgeons to recognize possible damage to the spinal cord in cases of evident traumatic or vascular damage to the spinal cord. However, mild insult to the spinal cord that does not result in obvious trauma or electrophysiological changes present a major clinical challenge as the mechanisms of this type of spinal cord injury (SCI) remain largely unknown, and thus preventive strategies are lacking. We used a sustained bidirectional spinal distraction animal model to determine the role of stretch-induced hypoxia in mild SCI. Direct measurement of intraparenchymal oxygen revealed an immediate decrease in partial pressure (47.08 ± 5.79% pO2) distal to the injury site following a 5-mm distraction. This hypoxic insult induced mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by an acute increase (216%) in protein oxidation 30 min post-injury, as well as a 37% decrease in perikaryal size and a 42% decrease in nuclear area (pyknosis) in ventral motor neurons at the injury site. These results indicate that hypoxic events during mild spine distraction may lead to cellular metabolic impairments and permanent functional deficits. The development of strategies targeting the prevention of hypoxic injury during spine distraction may be useful in protecting the cellular metabolic damage that may occur during spine surgery in the absence of overt mechanical or vascular SCI.
Designing hypermedia applications

We describe a step-by-step methodology for the design and construction of hypermedia applications and illustrate our approach using a small application. The Relationship Management Design (RMD) methodology begins with a data model of the application domain and proceeds through the design of the hypertext network, user interface and run-time dynamics finally concluding with the construction and testing of the target hypermedia system. Our ultimate objective is to use the RMD approach as the basis for the construction of computerized tools to support the design and development of hypermedia applications. >
Nonoperative Management of Chest Wall Deformities

This chapter focuses on the nonoperative management of pectus carinatum (PC), a broad classification of anterior chest wall deformities characterized by convex protrusion of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilages. The authors present an overview of key clinical correlates of the deformity and the evolution of nonoperative approaches to management. They also provide a detailed description of the protocol at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center for the most commonly seen type of PC, chondrogladiolar deformity, and relate the outcomes achieved nonoperatively over a 17-year period.
Learning Effects of Perturbation to Postural Control in Diabetics with Neuropathy

The loss of sensation in the feet due to diabetic peripheral neuropathy can affect the capability of postural control. People with postural deficits seem to be more at risk of falls or slips, and consequently, of fractures. The objective of this study was to scrutinize if there was a learning effect of repeated perturbations on postural control using two groups, diabetics with neuropathy and diabetics without neuropathy. Results found that diabetics with neuropathy had a better learning effect than diabetics without neuropathy for the posterior direction of perturbation during the perturbation period. However, during the recovery period after the perturbation, diabetics without neuropathy had a better learning effect than diabetics with neuropathy for the anterior direction of perturbation. This result may imply that repeated training of perturbation would help diabetics with neuropathy to be more experienced with unexpected loss of balance due to a perturbation and to control the disrupted posture before reaching to a fall.
Chronic nicotine differentially alters spontaneous recovery of contextual fear in male and female mice

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating disorder with symptoms such as flashbacks, hyperarousal, and avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event. Exposure therapy, which attempts to extinguish fear responses, is a commonly used treatment for PTSD but relapse following successful exposure therapy is a frequent problem. In rodents, spontaneous recovery (SR), where extinguished fear responses resurface following extinction treatment, is used as a model of fear relapse. Previous studies from our lab showed that chronic nicotine impaired fear extinction and acute nicotine enhanced SR of contextual fear in adult male mice. In addition, we showed that acute nicotine's effects were specific to SR as acute nicotine did not affect recall of contextual fear conditioning in the absence of extinction. However, effects of chronic nicotine administration on SR are not known. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated if chronic nicotine administration altered SR or recall of contextual fear in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. Our results showed that chronic nicotine significantly enhanced SR in female mice and significantly decreased SR in males. Chronic nicotine had no effect on recall of contextual fear in males or females. Female sham mice also had significantly less baseline SR than male sham mice. Overall, these results demonstrate sex differences in SR of fear memories and that chronic nicotine modulates these effects on SR but nicotine does not alter recall of contextual fear.
A Power Waveform Classification Method for Adaptive Synchrophasor Estimation

This paper designed a novel multiresolution analysis method and input waveform classification scheme. The proposed techniques serve as preprocessing procedures of input waveforms in order to facilitate synchrophasor estimation. Simple, scalable and time-shifted “pseudowavelets” (PWs) are employed to repeatedly calculate the correlation coefficients between the proposed PWs and input power waveforms. By scrutinizing the correlation factors with respect to frequency and time, the proposed method is capable of revealing the temporal trajectories of frequency and amplitude features of input waveforms. Such features are then leveraged to classify input waveform types. The result of such waveform classification can be applied to perform accurate synchrophasor estimation. Contrary to traditional approaches, where a single algorithm is designed to compute synchrophasor accurately for all input signal types, in this paper, a framework is proposed which enables adaptive switching of synchrophasor algorithms, so that the most suitable algorithm can be used for the identified waveform. The efficacy and efficiency of proposed methods are validated with standardized phasor measurement unit testing waveforms and simulated power system waveforms. The results prove that the PW-based waveform classification method is capable of distinguishing between power system dynamic waveforms.
Baseline Characteristics of the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study—A Contemporary Prediabetes Cohort

Objective: Describe baseline characteristics of the NIH/ADA-supported D2d study, the first diabetes prevention trial in the U.S. to apply current ADA diagnostic glycemia criteria. Research Design and Methods: Multicenter (22 sites), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, primary prevention trial testing efficacy of oral daily 4000 IU cholecalciferol (D 3 ) compared to placebo on incident diabetes in adults at high risk. Eligible participants met at least 2-of-3 2010 ADA glycemic criteria for prediabetes: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 100-125 mg/dL, 2-hour glucose post-75g oral glucose load (2hPG) 140-199 mg/dL, and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7-6.4%. Results: 2423 participants (45% women, 33% non-white) were randomized. Mean (±SD) age was 59 (±9.9) years, and BMI was 32 (±4.5) kg/m 2 . Thirty-five percent met 3 prediabetes criteria, 49% met FPG/HbA1c criteria only, 9.5% met 2hPG/FPG criteria only, and 6.3% met 2hPG/HbA1c criteria only. Black participants had higher HbA1c and lower FPG concentration than white, Asian, and other races (P Conclusions: D2d will establish the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation for diabetes prevention and inform on the natural history of prediabetes per contemporary ADA criteria. Disclosure E. LeBlanc: None. R.E. Pratley: Other Relationship; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eisai Inc., GlaxoSmithKline plc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Pfizer Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc.. B. Dawson-Hughes: None. M.A. Staten: None. P.R. Sheehan: None. M.R. Lewis: None. A.L. Peters: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Bigfoot Biomedical. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Insulin Algorithms, JDRF, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Livongo Health. Research Support; Self; MannKind Corporation. Other Relationship; Self; Medscape. Advisory Panel; Self; Merck & Co., Inc.. Research Support; Self; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Omada Health, Inc., Optum Rx, Inc., Sanofi. Research Support; Self; T1D Exchange. Advisory Panel; Self; The Endocrine Society. Research Support; Self; The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. Advisory Panel; Spouse/Partner; Johnson & Johnson Diabetes Institute, LLC.. S.H. Kim: None. R. Chatterjee: None. V. Aroda: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., AstraZeneca, Calibra Medical, Eisai Inc., Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Theracos, Inc.. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Merck & Co., Inc.. Other Relationship; Self; American Diabetes Association. Consultant; Self; ADOCIA. C. Chadha: None. A. Pittas: None.
Massless Representations of the Poincaré Group and Conformal Invariance

Larry Biedenham is a great teacher. One of the things that I have learned from him is the importance of intelligent notation, another is the concept of tensor operators1.
Experimental study on the τ± decay matrix element☆

Abstract In a wire spark-chamber experiment the squared matrix element | M | 2 has been measured for the processes τ ± (K ± → π ± π ± π ∓ ). Our previous results showed no significant difference between τ + and τ − . The final results, based on ∼1.5 million τ ± decays, are expressed in the form | M | 2 ∝ 1 + aY + bX 2 + cY 2 + …, where X and Y are the Dalitz variables. The data are adequately fitted by a quadratic expansion where a = 0.2752 ± 0.0033; b = −0.038 ± 0.009; c = 0.025 ± 0.010. Results are also given for τ + and τ − separately. Finally we have determined the difference between the Q values of τ + and τ − to be: Q + − Q − = −60±55 keV.
Analysis and Modeling of Evolutionary Dynamics with the Response Structure/Environmental Structure Approach

This paper illustrates a recently introduced way of visualizing, thinking about, analyzing, and modeling evolutionary and ecological processes. Maps of responses of various phenotypes can be made and then can be used to examine both evolutionary dynamics and the results emergent from the operation of these processes. Perhaps even more important than its considerable analytical power and versatility, this approach has highly useful heuristic characteristics which provide for clear and simple visualization of complex and important biological processes. The following introductory comments will be useful.
Robust Neuroimaging-Based Classification Techniques Of Autistic Vs. Typically Developing Brain

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by social deficits, impaired communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior (Americ an Psychiatry Association 2000). Various neuropathological studies of autism have revealed abnormalities in several brain regions. Increased head size was the first observed characteristic in children with a utism. According to the published studies, different anatomical structures of the brain have been identified as being involved in the abnormal neuro-development associated with autism. Classical neuropathological studies as well as MRI structural findings are consistent with respect to some brain structure s, while observations with respect to other structures have differed among studies. This lack of consistency may be due to the sample size as well as to the failure to account for significant confounding fact ors (e.g., age, sex, IQ, handedness, etc). However, there is an increasing agreement from structural imaging studies on the abnormal anatomy of the white matter (WM) in autistic brains. In addition, the deficits in the size of t he corpus callosum
Abstract 1128: Exosomal ID3 is pro-metastatic through guiding NRF1-induced breast cancer stem cells across the blood-brain-barrier

Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and inhibitor of differentiation protein 3 (ID3) are transcription regulating proteins. Recently we have uncovered a novel oncogenic function of NRF1 in breast cancer development and progression. In this study, we tested the postulate that exposure to PCB153 contributes in ID3 over-expressing endothelial stem cells (EndSCs) chaperoning and guiding of mesenchymal NRF1 breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) across the blood-brain barrier. BCSCs/EndSCs were subjected to functional gain/loss of ID3 and/or NRF1 to test if PCB153 [1ng/ml] exposure produces NRF/ID3 signals regulating lineage specific BCSCs organ entry. First, we tested whether NRF1 promotes transmigration of breast cancer using a 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB) model consisting of breast tumor initiating cells (BTICs) or MDAMB231 cells, brain endothelial cell layer, and astrocytes. NRF1 overexpression increased the propensity for BTICs and mesenchymal enriched MDAMB231 BCSCs to adhere to brain endothelial cells and migrate across a human BBB model. Increased adhesion of NRF1+ BCSCs with ID3+ EndSCs was detected. ID3 EndSCs promoted the transmigration of BCSCs through the BBB. We found differential effects by endocrine disruptors, namely PCB153 and PCB77. The treatment with PCB153 showed increased growth of NRF1+ BCSCs tumor spheroids. PCB153 also induced the tumor cell adhesion to microvascular endothelium and transendothelial migration of BCSCs. The exosomal ID3 released from endothelial cells helped the mesenchymal NRF1+ BCSCs to cross through blood brain barriers. Xenograft experiments showed that ID3+ brain EndSCs not only supported the growth of estrogen treated NRF1+ BCSC tumorospheroids, but guided them to the brain in zebrafish. These findings show for the first time a key role for ID3 and NRF1 by which specific circulatory EndSCs accompany a particular sub-type of BCSCs to distant metastatic sites where they most likely facilitate the seeding, survival, and proliferation of BCSCs. This knowledge is important for pre-clinical testing of NRF1/ID3 modifying agents that prevent the spread of breast cancer to the brain. This work was, in part, supported by a VA MERIT Review (VA BX001463) grant to DR. Citation Format: Jayanta K. Das, Mayur Doke, Alok Deoraj, Quentin Felty, Deodutta Roy. Exosomal ID3 is pro-metastatic through guiding NRF1-induced breast cancer stem cells across the blood-brain-barrier [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1128.
Influence of Subwavelength Grating Asymmetry on Long-Wavelength Infrared Transmittance Filters

Subwavelength dielectric gratings provide a means of narrowband spectral filtering by coupling to quasi-guided leaky modes, providing a high reflectivity background and narrowband transmittance via Fano resonance behavior. Geometrically asymmetric two-step gratings enable normal incidence filtering by accessing symmetry-protected leaky modes. The impact of asymmetry on leaky mode coupling and optical filter response are studied via simulation and described by the Fano resonance theory. The influence of asymmetry introduced by grating step height and angular cone of incidence are verified experimentally in silicon/air gratings in the long-wavelength infrared (8–14 μ m).
Emergence, Equilibrium, and Agent-Based Modeling: Updating James Buchanan’s Democratic Political Economy

Nicholas Vriend (2002) asked whether F.A. Hayek was an “ace,” and answered affirmatively. By “ace,” Vriend meant someone who worked with agent-based modeling. To be sure, Hayek could not have worked with agent-based models because that platform did not exist when Hayek was developing his ideas about the distribution and use of knowledge in society. All the same, Vriend explained convincingly that Hayek could have made good use of the agent-based platform had it been available in the 1930s. To similar effect, we argue in this paper that James Buchanan could have made good use of agent-based modeling to carry forward his ideas about the value of taking an emergent approach to the explanation of economic processes.
Young People, Hip-Hop, and the Making of a “Grammar for Unpolitics” in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

This article investigates youth political subjectivity and subject formation in the context of postsocialist transition and projects of post-conflict peace-building in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegov...
Emissive Organic Exciplexes in Water.

Unlike numerous known examples of exciplexes (products of charge formation reactions), we reported recently that cationic exciplexes (products of charge shift reactions) can be formed with N-methylisoquinolinium as an excited acceptor and alkyl benzene donors. We have now synthesized five intramolecular analogues (isoquinolinium linked by a trimethylene tether to alkyl benzenes) that proved to be well suited to demonstrating that emissive exciplexes can be formed in water from purely organic components. Three conformers (anti, gauche, and folded) leading to electron transfer were identified using a combination of absorption spectroscopy, fluorometry, and time-correlated single photon counting. The hydrophobicity of the donor moiety was found to enhance the formation of the folded conformer, which leads directly to exciplex formation. Electronic coupling matrix elements between ground, charge-transfer, and locally excited states were determined from correlations between radiative rate constants and average...
Structural Color due to Interference of Totally Internally Reflected Light in Bi-Phase Droplets

We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally structural color due to interference of light undergoing total internal reflection along concave interfaces, particularly within tunable bi-phase droplets allowing for adjustable and responsive coloration.
Interval analysis of blood filtration efficacy in novel device for autotransfusion in postpartum hemorrhage

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), the leading cause of maternal mortality, is particularly problematic in low resource settings where access to safe blood supplies and definitive medical treatment is limited. We describe the continued development of an autotransfusion device designed to treat PPH by collection, filtration and infusion of maternal blood. Previous study has demonstrated that the device effectively moves blood through a filtration apparatus and removes up to 97% of aerobic bacteria but had poor anaerobic bacteria reduction. In this study, we investigate the filtration efficacy of the device using configurations comprised of three different leukocyte depletion filter designs: the Pall Leukoguard RS leukocyte reduction filter (PLRF), the Haemonetics BPF4™ (BPF4) leukocyte reduction filter, and the Haemonetics SCRC Leukotrap® (SCRC) filter. All configurations performed well with reductions ranging from 49 to 98%. Configurations containing 2 Haemonetics SCRC Leukotrap®filters (configuration 5 and 6) consistently reduced anaerobic bacteria by at least 73%. These results indicate that utilising a combination of SCRC and PLRF filters confers a high level of microbial filtration with improved removal of anaerobic organisms.
Differentiating hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke using spectral contrast optical coherence tomography angiography

Traditional methods of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) only visualize blood vessels where flow speeds are above a minimum velocity. Here we show that spectral contrast OCTA within the visible-light spectral range can visualize vessels with no flow.
Flight Object Sharing Capability Using Blockchain

This paper describes a concept and a prototype for sharing flight information using blockchain technology. Providing all stakeholders access to complete, consistent, and up-to-date information abou...
Revisiting the Resolution of Chiari Malformation in Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: A Case of Posterior Cranial Vault Reconstruction in Secondary Pan-Suture Synostosis.

Background While commonly seen in syndromic craniosynostosis, the incidence of Chiari malformation (CM) in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis has been reported at 5% and there is a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology and management of CM in this patient population. Case Description We present a 5-year-old male patient who underwent a sagittal craniosynostosis repair at the age of 5 months and returned at the age of 5 years with daily headaches associated with behavioral changes. He was found to have pan-synostoses and radiographic evidence of increased intracranial pressure, including a Chiari malformation. Neurologic and genetic workup was unremarkable. A cranial vault reconstruction was performed, and subsequent imaging demonstrated resolution of previously noted Chiari malformation. Conclusions In our case, we provided a unique window into the underlying pathophysiology for CM in patients with concurrent nonsyndromic craniosynostosis that we hope will add to the current foundation of literature supporting the intricate relation between cranial vault compliance and Chiari malformation or hindbrain herniation. Furthermore, we provide insight into the management of acquired CM and support isolated cranial vault reconstruction in those who do not appear to have symptomatic suboccipital compression.
Plasma electrolysis of cellulose in polar aprotic solvents for production of levoglucosenone

In this study, we demonstrated the use of plasma electrolysis as a low-energy, efficient method of producing biobased chemicals from cellulose. We used high-voltage alternative current electricity as the plasma source in polar aprotic solvents to achieve complete liquefaction of cellulose without the use of external heating. A levoglucosenone yield of 43% was obtained after 15 min of conversion in γ-valerolactone using a voltage of 6 kV and frequency of 6 kHz, and a 38% yield was obtained within 3 min in sulfolane using a voltage of 4 kV (or 40% after treating for 7 min with the voltage of 3.5 kV). Compared to conventional liquefaction in the same solvents, plasma electrolysis could produce much greater LGO yields using significantly less energy. In this study, the plasma electrolysis of cellulose in γ-valerolactone was able to increase the levoglucosenone yield by 154% while using only 28% of the energy consumed during conventional thermal-based conversion of cellulose in the same solvent for producing its maximum yield of 17%. When the same conversions were performed in sulfolane, a 28% higher levoglucosenone yield was produced while requiring only 3% of the energy consumed during the respective thermal-based conversion of cellulose to obtain its maximum yield of 31.2%. The study also revealed that the plasma electrolysis of cellulose proceeds through novel radical-based mechanisms involving in situ-generated hydrogen radicals, by which cellulose depolymerizes and dehydrates much more efficiently than it does during conventional liquefaction. During the plasma electrolysis process, cellulose conversion was significantly enhanced by synergistic effects between Joule heating and plasma chemistry.
Liver Transplantation for Neuroendocrine Metastases

Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) metastasis localized to the liver is an accepted indication for liver transplantation as such tumors have a low biological aggressiveness in terms of malignancy and are slow growing. Moreover, the long-term results are comparable with and in some cases even better than those of transplantations performed for primary liver cancer. However, compared with nonmalignant conditions, neuroendocrine liver metastasis (NELM) may result in an inferior outcome of transplantation. In the face of the scarcity of donated organs and recent improved results of non-surgical treatment for NELM, controversy over patient selection and timing for liver transplantation continues. In this review, we provide an overview of the diagnostic workup and selection criteria of patients with NELM being considered for liver transplantation. Thereafter, we provide a critical analysis of the reported outcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation.
Re-envisioning Psychoanalytic Content in Social Work Education

While psychoanalysis played an important role in social work practice and education as far back as the 1920’s, the period from the 1960s through the 1990s led to its diminishing presence. We believ...
Mechanistic-empirical analysis of asphalt pavement fatigue cracking under vehicular dynamic loads

Abstract Vehicle-pavement interaction causes dynamic loads and accelerate pavement deterioration. The study provides a methodology to consider dynamic loads in mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design and analysis. The dynamic load coefficients were found increasing as pavement roughness increased or axle loads decreased. The impulse response method was adopted to calculate tensile strains of asphalt layer under random loads. The relative ratios of fatigue life due to dynamic loads were calculated and fitted as a function of axle type, load magnitude, and international roughness index (IRI). The accumulative fatigue damage ratio between dynamic and static loads was proposed for M-E pavement analysis.
Opioid Prescribing Mediating State Policy Intervention Effects on Drug Overdose Mortality

Abstract The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 70 630 drug overdose deaths for 2019 in the United States, 70.5% of which were opioid-related. Preliminary estimates now warn that drug overdose deaths likely surpassed 86 000 during 2020. Despite a 57.4% decrease in opioid prescribing since a peak in 2012, the opioid death rate has increased 105.8% through 2019, as the share of those deaths involving fentanyl increased from 16.4% to 72.9%. This letter seeks to determine whether the opioid prescribing and mortality paradox is robust to accepted methods of causal policy analysis and if prescribing rates mediate the effects of policy interventions on overdose deaths. Using loge-loge ordinary least squares with three different specifications as sensitivity analyses for all 50 states and Washington, DC for the period 2001-2019, the elasticities from the regressions with all control variables report operational prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) reduce prescribing rates 8.7%, while mandatory PDMPs increase death rates from opioids 16.6%, heroin and fentanyl 19.0%, cocaine 17.3% and all drugs 10.5%. There is also weak evidence that recreational marijuana laws reduce prescribing, increases in prescribing increase pain reliever deaths, pill mill laws increase cocaine deaths, and medical marijuana laws increase total overdose deaths, with demographic variables suggesting states with more male, less non-Hispanic white, and older citizens experience more overdoses. Weak mediation effects were observed for pain reliever, cocaine, and illicit opioid deaths, while broad reductions in prescribing have failed to reduce opioid overdoses.