cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROGRESSIVE INJURY CURRENT WITH METASTATIC TUMOR OF THE HEART; CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Abstract The case of a patient with metastatic tumor of the heart who demonstrated progressive and prolonged S-T segment elevation with other electrocardiographic changes suggestive of myocardial infarction is reported. The infrequency of this finding in cases of tumors of the heart is mentioned, and other clinical conditions in which S-T segment deviation occur are discussed. Attention is called to the association of necrosis with electrocardiographic changes characteristic of myocardial infarction.
Synaptic Transmission: Intercellular Signaling

Within the central nervous system, inter-neuronal signaling largely involves the activity-dependent secretion of neural signaling molecules which produce electrophysiological, biochemical or transcriptional changes in target cells. In many, but not all, cases, these chemical messengers are released and have their effects within synapses, which are anatomically specialized appositions between neurons. Synaptic signaling involves the complex biochemical mechanisms involved the synthesis, sequestration, release and inactivation of the chemical signal by the releasing neuron and the response to that signal through its effects on a receptor protein expressed by the target neuron. In this chapter, we identify a set of chemical signaling molecules that have been identified as synaptic messengers, and we describe the mechanisms underlying their genesis, use and disposition. Critical points for modulation of these processes are discussed. In addition, recently discovered molecules that participate in inter-cellular signaling but which defy conventional rules governing synaptic transmission are described. Keywords: amine transmitters; synaptic release; glutamate; dopamine; neuropeptides; purines
Carbon dioxide retention and oxygen desaturation during gastrointestinal endoscopy

Abstract Background: Pulse oximetry measures arterial oxygen saturation (Spo 2 ), not hypoventilation, which is directly reflected by increases in carbon dioxide tension. Methods: In the present study, transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (Ptcco 2 ) and Spo 2 were measured during 101 endoscopic procedures selected for long duration or comorbid illnesses, and relationships between hypercapnia and hypoxemia were evaluated. Nasal oxygen was administered only for sustained desaturation (Spo 2 Results: Mean peak increase in Ptcco 2 was significantly higher in patients requiring oxygen for sustained desaturation (16.3 mm Hg; range, 4–52) than in patients breathing room air who had transient or no desaturation (10.2 mm Hg [range, 3–19] and 5.1 mm Hg [range, 0–15]). If nasal oxygen corrected desaturation, even transient recurrence of desaturation indicated worsening CO 2 retention, which preceded respiratory arrest in one patient. Independent predictors of hypercapnia were fentanyl and midazolam doses, oxygen requirement, and dementia. Conclusions: Severe hypoventilation may occur during endoscopy, undetected by clinical observation or pulse oximetry, but only in sedated patients who require supplemental oxygen to maintain Spo 2 above 90%. After oxygen supplementation corrects desaturation, recurrence of desaturation implies severe hypoventilation and warrants limitation of further sedation.
Three dimensional stacking with diamond sheet heat extraction for subnanosecond machine design

Devices are becoming available whose inherent switching speeds are approaching only a few picoseconds. CMOS FET devices with 0.12 micron channel length have exhibited f/sub T/ values of 89 GHz. SiGe HBTs have been demonstrated with an f/sub T/ of 117 GHz. InP/InGaAs/AlGaAs HBT's have exhibited an f/sub T/ of 200 GHz, with minimum feature sizes that are above one micron. InGaAs/AlGaAs MESFET's with 0.05 micron channel lengths have exhibited f/sub T/ values of 350 GHz. Clearly even faster devices are possible, and some have even begun to appear in viable fabrication lines where prospects for interesting levels of integration are being realized. For such technologies subnanosecond machine cycles seem possible. However, for conventional 2D chip or wafer fabrication some of the distances between key components on these substrates can be too long for subnanosecond operation. This may be true even for ideal transmission line interconnections that exhibit "speed of light" propagation speeds and extremely wide bandwidths. At this point the last resort is to shorten these interconnections by rearranging the components in 3D structures, implying either die or wafer stacking. This paper explores some of the requirements for subnanosecond machine design, and practical schemes to accomplish this with discussion on how to distribute the power supply current and dissipate the heat generated. These schemes use the full array of WSI, WSHP and MCM technologies plus some new techniques for 3D vertical stacking.
Laser guided adaptive optics for high-resolution astronomy

Summary form only given. Adaptive optics remove distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence by making corrections to the incoming wave front using one or more bright points of light in the area being observed as references. The use of multi-conjugate adaptive optics with multiple reference points can provide three-dimensional imaging of the regional turbulence. The required reference points can be artificial light sources created by shooting multiple lasers at the sky to excite mesospheric sodium atoms located 90 kilometers above the ground. Laser systems for adaptive optics need to be precisely tuned to the sodium D/sub 2/ transition (589 nm) and are unusually powerful (7-24 W) for lasers at this wavelength. The current state-of-the-art laser guide star (LGS) systems consist of either complex sum-frequency generation lasers or multiple-laser-pumped dye lasers based on the technology developed for the AVLIS Program at LLNL.
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptomycetes II. Isolation and Enzymatic Synthesis of Trehalose

A number of streptomycetes were examined for their ability to synthesize trehalose phosphate as well as for the presence of alpha,alpha-trehalose. In each case, an enzyme system was demonstrated which catalyzed the transfer of glucose from guanosine diphosphate-glucose to glucose-6-phosphate to form trehalose phosphate. Thus, this group of organisms appears to synthesize trehalose phosphate by a different mechanism from that described in insects, yeast, and fungi. In addition, trehalose was isolated from each of these organisms. In several of these cases, crystallization of the sugar and determination of the physical properties showed that the sugar was alpha,alpha-trehalose.
REV3, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene whose function is required for induced mutagenesis, is predicted to encode a nonessential DNA polymerase.

Abstract We have cloned the REV3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by complementation of the rev3 defect in UV-induced mutagenesis. The nucleotide sequence of this gene encodes a predicted protein of Mr 172,956 showing significant sequence similarity to Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase and to other members of a class of DNA polymerases including human DNA polymerase alpha and yeast DNA polymerase I. REV3 protein shows less sequence identity, and presumably a more distant evolutionary relationship, to the latter two enzymes than they do to each other. Haploids carrying a complete deletion of REV3 are viable. We suggest that induced mutagenesis in S. cerevisiae depends on a specialized DNA polymerase that is not required for other replicative processes. REV3 is located 2.8 centimorgans from CDC60, on chromosome XVI.
Severely dysregulated disposal of postprandial triacylglycerols exacerbates hypertriacylglycerolemia in HIV lipodystrophy syndrome

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of hypertriacylglycerolemia, a characteristic feature of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (HLS), is incompletely understood. One mechanism is accelerated lipolysis in the fasted state, but the severity of the hypertriacylglycerolemia suggests that additional underlying abnormalities may exist in the disposal of dietary fat. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate abnormalities in dietary fat disposal in the pathogenesis of hypertriacylglycerolemia in HLS. DESIGN We studied 6 nondiabetic men with HLS and 6 men without HIV matched for age and body mass index as control subjects for 8 h after consumption of an isocaloric meal containing 2 g labeled [(13)C(3)]tripalmitin. Chylomicron-triacylglycerol disposal was estimated from labeled [(13)C(1)]palmitate in the plasma chylomicron fraction, and [(13)C(1)]palmitate oxidation was estimated from the (13)CO(2) enrichment in the breath and CO(2) production, over 8 h after the meal. RESULTS HLS patients had significantly elevated concentrations of fasting plasma triacylglycerols in both chylomicron (x + SE: 100.3 +/- 49.5 compared with 29.2 +/- 2.2 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and VLDL (82.4 +/- 39.0 compared with 10.8 +/- 2.8 mg/dL; P < 0.01) fractions. Chylomicron-triacylglycerol-derived [(13)C(1)]palmitate disposal was markedly lower in the HLS patients (3.09 +/- 0.41 compared with 6.42 +/- 0.18 mmol [(13)C(1)]palmitate/8 h; P < 0.001) in the 8-h postmeal period. Further, HLS patients had lowered storage of chylomicron-triacylglycerols (0.74 +/- 0.38 compared with 5.05 +/- 0.16 mmol; P < 0.0001) and elevated plasma [(13)C(1)]palmitate concentrations (2.01 +/- 0.27 compared with 1.18 +/- 0.16 mmol; P < 0.05) 8 h after the meal. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HLS have key defects that markedly impair postprandial disposal and storage of chylomicron-triacylglycerols. These defects contribute significantly to hypertriacylglycerolemia in HLS.
Redemption of the formalism of segmented linearity: multiscaling of non-equilibrium and non-homogeneity applied to fatigue crack growth

At the risk of being presumptuous, the influence of non-equilibrium and non-homogeneity (NENH) is the key to explain the conundrums of today's physics and mechanics on the basis of the NENH Mechanics of Multiscaling (NNMM). Corrective measures have been used to correct errors caused by the neglect of NENH and multiscaling. The separate conservation of mass and energy is a case in point. The inclusion of NENH leads to the simultaneous conservation of mass and energy as a product. The revised conservation law depends on the degree of system inhomogeneity. The aforementioned vouches the credibility for applying NNMM to resolve the impasse of the misinterpreted fatigue crack growth (FCG) data using monoscale concepts. The new paradigm is fundamental to contrast the difference between deterministic and non-deterministic. The phenomena of turbulence and instability in general are determinable when the thresholds are related to the appropriate physical mechanism at the temporal–spatial scale. The correct experiments depend on identifying the role with which NNMM plays in the physical phenomenon. The same applies to FCG. To reiterate, the aim is not to develop new theories but rather to offer corrective measures by including NENH and multiscaling to show that the understanding of FCG is no less challenging than some of the conundrums of physics and mechanics of today.
Phage display selection of peptides possessing aldolase activity

Peptides catalyzing retro-aldol reactions were selected from a phage display peptide library using 1,3-diketones designed for the covalent selection of an enamine-based reaction mechanism.
Indirect comorbidity in childhood and adolescence

Objective: Comorbidity between psychiatric disorders is common, but pairwise associations between two disorders may be explained by the presence of other diagnoses that are associated with both disorders or “indirect” comorbidity. Method: Comorbidities of common childhood psychiatric disorders were tested in three community samples of children ages 6 to 17 (8931 observations of 2965 subjects). Psychiatric disorder status in all three samples was assessed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. Indirect comorbidity was defined as A-B associations that decreased from significance to nonsignificance after adjusting for other disorders. Results: All tested childhood psychiatric disorders were positively associated in bivariate analyses. After adjusting for comorbidities, many ssociations involving a behavioral disorder and an emotional disorder were attenuated suggesting indirect comorbidity. Generalized anxiety and depressive disorders displayed a very high level of overlap (adjusted OR=37.9). All analyses were rerun with depressive disorders grouped with generalized anxiety disorder in a single “distress disorders” category. In these revised models, all associations between and emotional disorder and a behavior disorder met our criteria for indirect comorbidity except for the association of oppositional defiant disorder with distress disorders (OR=11.3). Follow-up analyses suggested that the indirect associations were primarily accounted for by oppositional defiant disorder and the distress disorder category. There was little evidence of either sex differences or differences by developmental period Conclusions: After accounting for the overlap between depressive disorders with generalized anxiety disorder, direct comorbidity between emotional and behavioral disorders was uncommon. When there was evidence of indirect comorbidity, ODD and distress disorders were the key intermediary diagnoses accounting for the apparent associations.
The Occurrence and Immunology of Peptidylarginine Deiminase and Its Preparation from Bovine Epidermis by an Improved Method

Peptidylarginine deiminase activity has been found in some tissues from at least one representative of each vertebrate class, suggesting that the ocurrence of the enzyme throughout the vertebrates is widespread. Using a three-step procedure including affinity chromatography on arginine agarose, a greatly improved purification of bovine epidermal peptidylarginine deiminase is presented. The purified enzyme preparation contains a 70–75 kD band and several minor components when examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. A polyclonal antibody raised to the enzyme of bovine brain cross-reacts with human and newborn rat epidermis by indirect immunofluorescence. This cross-reactivity is markedly diminished by absorption of the antibody to the purified brain enzyme.
Effect of Estrogen on the Mechanical Properties of Prepubertal Rabbit ACL

Recent research suggests that estradiol affects the material properties of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). Here we experimentally determine the cross-sectional area and tensile properties of ACLs from the groups of prepubertal rabbits: untreated control (C ), estrogen treated (E ) and estrogen and epidermal growth factor treated (E+EGF). Estradiol decreased the ultimate tensile strength and toughness of the ACL. Addition of EGF decreased the modulus of elasticity.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
An update on the pharmacotherapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction.

Introduction: The lower urinary tract (LUT) stores and evacuates urine. It is controlled by autonomic, somatic and sensory innervation. Pharmacotherapy has been developed to optimize neural control of the LUT in pathologic states.Areas covered: The bladder can be overactive or underactive. For overactive bladder, medications targeting various receptors include i) antimuscarinics, ii) mixed-action drugs, iii) β-adrenergic receptor agonists and iv) other medications. There is no effective pharmacotherapy for underactive bladder, although medications have been used with limited success, including i) muscarinic receptor agonists, ii) anticholinesterase inhibitors and iii) α-adrenergic receptor antagonists. At the level of the outlet, there can be decreased resistance resulting in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or increased resistance resulting in bladder outflow obstruction (BOO). The classes of medications for SUI include i) α-adrenergic receptor agonists, ii) β-adrenergic receptor agonists and iii) antid...
The Role of Intermetallics in Electromigration in Solder Pumps for Lead Free Solder Structure and Its Solder Pad Combination

It is attempted to quantify the role of intermetallics for the electromigration in flip chip solder interconnects (C4). Intermetallics are formed at the interface of solder and metallic pad where they serve as metallic bonding agent. For the transition to the Pb-free solder interconnects, electromigration is one of the prime reliability concerns. It is observed that some flip chip solder interconnect fails earlier than the estimated time to failure. It is explained by the effect of intermetallics formed by solder and different matching pad metallurgies. This paper quantifies the role of the intermetallics in the time to failure for a system. A series of experiments are being conducted to determine the current exponent and activation energies of the Black’s equation for different solder and pad metallurgy combinations. Two test structures are proposed. The first test structure was made to study the role of the intermetallics and the second structure was made to characterize the pure solder’s electromigration.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A Single Interior Design Professional Association: The Time Is Now

The authors of this Perspective argue that ASID and IIDA should go beyond “collaboration” and move forward expediently to create a single organization in order to preserve and advance the profession of interior design. I encourage you to read the Perspective and submit your thoughts on the topic to the Letters section of the next issue of the Journal of Interior Design. Of particular interest to the authors are thoughts about the Interior Design Educators Council and how fi ts with the concept of a single professional organization.
On Lattice Consensus Methods

We investigate the consensus problem for classifications of three types: partitions, dendrograms, and n-trees For partitions or dendrograms, lattice polynomials define natural consensus functions We extend these lattice methods to n-trees, introducing a general class of consensus functions that includes the intersection consensus functions in current use These lattice consensus methods have a number of desirable mathematical properties We prove that they all satisfy the Pareto Axiom For each of the three classification types, we determine which lattice consensus functions satisfy the Betweenness Axiom
Spinels as petrogenetic indicators: Activity-composition relations at low pressures

Provisional activity-composition relations have been developed for spinels in the system FeO-MgO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-Cr2O3-TiO2. These relations are based on a “Temkin” type model for the configurational entropy combined with a third-degree Taylor's series expansion to describe the excess Gibbs energy of mixing that is the result of describing spinels in terms of a set of “fictive” ordered and inverse spinel components. The coefficients of this expansion have been identified as (1) reciprocal Mg-Fe exchange terms, (2) binary asymmetric Margules parameters, and (3) Margules and Bragg-Williams type terms which make explicit provision for mixing of Fe and Mg on two sites in ulvospinel. Provisional values have been assigned to these terms for the temperature range 900–1,250°C based on inferred and experimentally determined spinel miscibility gaps, Fe-Mg olivine-spinel exchange data reported in the literature, and 40 experimental determinations of Fe-Mg partitioning between olivines and spinels in basanitic to uganditic silicate liquids between 1,092 and 1,300°C ( $$f_{O_2 } $$ ∼QFM).
Age as a factor in Australid mentality.

The article reviews briefly work done previously in the Central and Kimberley regions of the Australian interior. Investigations since 1962 had the initial purpose of comparing recent data with those obtained in 1929 and the secondary aim of attempting to demonstrate the effect of age on Maze performance. Difficulties met with in carrying out this program are outlined. What evidence is available indicates a comparative early decline in the mean scores, beginning in the age decade 41 to 50 yr. This was apparent in the work reported by Porteus and Gregor in 1963, by Porteus and David in 1966, and in the present study. These investigations agree in showing that the tempo of the deficiency increases in the next decade (51 to 60 yr. of age), followed by a drastic loss in still older Ss. It appears that among Australids resistance to the inroads of advancing age is less than among more civilized peoples and that this may be an important factor in the matter of inventiveness and technological advance. If these t...
Rapid p53 sequence analysis in primary lung cancer using an oligonucleotide probe array

The p53 gene was sequenced in 100 primary human lung cancers by using direct dideoxynucleotide cycle sequencing and compared with sequence analysis by using the p53 GeneChip assay. Differences in sequence analysis between the two techniques were further evaluated to determine the accuracy and limitations of each method. p53 mutations were either detected by using both techniques or, if only detected by one technique, were confirmed by using mutation-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Dideoxynucleotide sequencing of the conserved regions of the p53 gene (exons 5–9) detected 76% of the mutations within this region of the gene. The GeneChip p53 assay detected 81% of all (exons 2–11) mutations, including 80% of the mutations within the conserved regions of the gene. The GeneChip assay detected 46 of 52 missense mutations (88%), but 0 of 5 frameshift mutations. The specificity of direct sequencing and of the p53 GeneChip assay at detecting p53 mutations were 100% and 98%, respectively. The GeneChip p53 assay is a rapid and reasonably accurate approach for detecting p53 mutations; however, neither direct sequencing nor the p53 GeneChip are infallible at p53 mutation detection.
Statistical analysis of dyadic stationary processes

In this paper we consider a multiple dyadic stationary process with the Walsh spectral density matrix fθ(λ), where θ is an unknown parameter vector. We define a quasi-maximum likelihood estimator % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xHapdbiqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabeiUdyaaja% aaaa!377D!\[{\rm{\hat \theta }}\] of θ, and give the asymptotic distribution of % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-qqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xHapdbiqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabeiUdyaaja% aaaa!377D!\[{\rm{\hat \theta }}\] under appropriate conditions. Then we propose an information criterion which determines the order of the model, and show that this criterion gives a consistent order estimate. As for a finite order dyadic autoregressive model, we propose a simpler order determination criterion, and discuss its asymptotic properties in detail. This criterion gives a strong consistent order estimate. In Section 5 we discuss testing whether an unknown parameter θ satisfies a linear restriction. Then we give the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio criterion under the null hypothesis.
One-bit principal subspace estimation

This paper proposes a simple sensing and estimation framework, called one-bit sketching, to faithfully recover the principal subspace of a data stream or dataset from a set of one-bit measurements collected at distributed sensors. Each bit indicates the comparison outcome between energy projections of the local sample covariance matrix over a pair of random directions. By leveraging low-dimensional structures, the top eigenvectors of a properly designed surrogate matrix is shown to recover the principal subspace as soon as the number of bit measurements exceeds certain threshold. The sample complexity to obtain reliable comparison outcomes is also obtained. We further develop a low-complexity algorithm to estimate the principal subspace in an online fashion when the bits arrive sequentially at the fusion center. Numerical examples on line spectrum estimation are provided to validate the proposed approach.
Regulation of the Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein in a Sucrose Model of Lysosomal Storage

Lysosomal biogenesis is a complex process requiring the coordinated expression and colocalization of numerous soluble and membrane proteins. In storage disorders, lysosomal biogenesis is regulated at least partially at, or prior to, the level of mRNA. We have used the sucrosome storage model to determine the sites of regulation of LAMP-1, a major constituent of the lysosomal membrane. A six- to eightfold increase in the level of LAMP-1 mRNA and protein was observed in response to sucrose storage. The half-life of LAMP-1 mRNA was not significantly different in cells grown in the absence or presence of sucrose, implying that the increase observed in mRNA levels reflects an increase in the rate of transcription. The sixfold increase in mRNA did not translate into an increase in LAMP-1 synthesis, indicating an overall decrease in the translational yield in sucrosome cells. The elevation of LAMP-1 protein levels in storage cells was due in large part to a threefold increase in the half-life of the protein. These results are discussed in view of the current understanding of lysosomal biogenesis and how this process is altered during storage.
DEPOSITION OF METALLIC and SEMICONDUCTING LAYERS ONTO BILAYER LIPID MEMBRANES

In this paper the phenomenon of inorganic substances deposited onto the bilayer lipid membrane is described. Metallic copper and semiconducting compounds such as CuS, FeS, CdS and also AgBr were deposited onto the bilayer lipid membrane. The cyclic voltammetry technique was used for determining electrochemical and photoelectrical properties of coated membranes. Considerable increase of stability and drastic changes of membrane properties were observed. Also investigated were the photoelectrical properties of bilayer lipid membrane with dispersed CdSe or AgBr particles in the absence and presence of pigments.
Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates

Two eye fields have been identified in the frontal lobes of primates: one is situated dorsomedially within the frontal cortex and will be referred to as the eye field within the dorsomedial frontal cortex (DMFC); the other resides dorsolaterally within the frontal cortex and is commonly referred to as the frontal eye field (FEF). This review documents the similarities and differences between these eye fields. Although the DMFC and FEF are both active during the execution of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements, the FEF is more dedicated to these functions. Lesions of DMFC minimally affect the production of most types of saccadic eye movements and have no effect on the execution of smooth pursuit eye movements. In contrast, lesions of the FEF produce deficits in generating saccades to briefly presented targets, in the production of saccades to two or more sequentially presented targets, in the selection of simultaneously presented targets, and in the execution of smooth pursuit eye movements. For the most part, these deficits are prevalent in both monkeys and humans. Single-unit recording experiments have shown that the DMFC contains neurons that mediate both limb and eye movements, whereas the FEF seems to be involved in the execution of eye movements only. Imaging experiments conducted on humans have corroborated these findings. A feature that distinguishes the DMFC from the FEF is that the DMFC contains a somatotopic map with eyes represented rostrally and hindlimbs represented caudally; the FEF has no such topography. Furthermore, experiments have revealed that the DMFC tends to contain a craniotopic (i.e., head-centered) code for the execution of saccadic eye movements, whereas the FEF contains a retinotopic (i.e., eye-centered) code for the elicitation of saccades. Imaging and unit recording data suggest that the DMFC is more involved in the learning of new tasks than is the FEF. Also with continued training on behavioural tasks the responsivity of the DMFC tends to drop. Accordingly, the DMFC is more involved in learning operations whereas the FEF is more specialized for the execution of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements.
Facilitation of tachistoscopic performance by stimulation of midbrain tegmental points in the monkey.

Abstract This paper describes the effects of electrically stimulating several regions of the brain on the responses of monkeys to briefly presented visual cues. It is demonstrated that mild stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation and central gray matter increases the efficiency of the performance, as manifested by an improvement in accuracy and a reduction of reaction time. These results are attributed to a descent of tachistoscopic recognition threshold produced by tegmental influences on the visual system and a concomitant facilitation of integrative processes leading to the motor response. The possible mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed in the light of prevalent concepts about the functional significance of brain stem reticular activity.
CALMODULIN IN SKELETAL MUSCLE

The central role of Ca2+ in the regulation of muscular activity is well documented. At the level of the contractile proteins the dominant effect of Ca2+ is attributable to the Ca2+-bindingprotein, troponin C. This protein in the presence of Ca2+ elicits conformational changes which allow cross-bridge cycling and hence contraction. Another Ca2+-binding protein, similar in its physical properties to troponin C, has also been discovered and this is calmodulin. The latter differs from troponin C in that it is involved in the regulation of a wide range of enzymatic reactions and it appears to be a ubiquitous regulatory protein. In skeletal muscle, as in all other eukaryotic cells, the number of calmodulin-dependent systems is too large to be considered and only two enzymes have been selected. These are myosin light chain kinase and phosphory lose kinase. The activities of both are intimately related to the contractile mechanism and for this reason their actions could be important to meat quality.
A low-energy ion beam from alkali heavy-ion reaction products

Abstract We have tested and developed an ion beam apparatus for transporting alkali atoms made in heavy-ion reactions. Stopped recoils diffuse out of a hot thick target, are surface ionized, and extracted into a low-energy ion beam with efficiencies of approximately 20%. The ions are then neutralized for injection into a magneto-optic trap.
Shape reconstruction from far-field patterns in a stratified ocean environment

Research has been directed toward the goal of identifying objects in a stratified ocean-elastic sediment environment. An elastic object, (called inclusion) is located in the ocean. The mathematical procedure is based on the physical idea of scattering one or more 'plane waves' off the unidentified inclusion and then trying to identify the shape of the inclusion from its far- field pattern. Based on a reciprocal identity for the acoustic-elastic waves in the stratified medium, a relation between the acoustic waves in the far-field and the shapes of the inclusion has been developed. This relation is used to obtain an approximate algorithm to reconstruct the shape of the inclusion.
Systematic study of the six cysteines of the E1 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli: none is essential for activity.

Variants of the Escherichia coli 1-lip pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (1-lip PDHc) with the C259N and C259S substitutions in the putative thiamin diphosphate-(ThDP-) binding motif of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component (E1, EC 1.2.4.1) were characterized. Single substitutions were made at the five remaining cysteines of the E1 component, creating the C120A, C575A, C610A, C654A, and C770S variants to test the hypothesis that the activity loss that accompanies exposure of the enzyme to fluoropyruvate, bromopyruvate, and 2-oxo-3-butynoic acid is the result of the modification of approximately one cysteine residue per E1 monomer. Surprisingly, all single cysteine E1 variants could be reconstituted with E2−E3 subcomplex and showed PDHc activity ranging from 74% to 96% that of the parental enzyme. The specific activities of C259N and C259S variants of 1-lip PDHc were 58% and 27% relative to that of the parental 1-lip PDHc. All five single cysteine E1 variants, along with the C259N and C259S variant...
RIBOFLAVIN‐PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF A VARIETY OF LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS

Oxidation of several lignin model compounds with alkylated paraphenolic groups by photosensitizing riboflavin (RF). rose bengal (RB) and methylene blue (MB) was examined. Photosensitizing RF cleaved l–(3‘-4’-diethoxyphenyl)-1.3 dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane (I). 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-(3-guaiacyl ether (II) and l-(4‘-ethoxy-3’-methoxyphenyI)-1,3 dihydroxypropane (IV) at their respective Cα-Cβ bonds. Riboflavin also oxidized 3.4-diethoxy-benzaldehyde (VI) to the corresponding acid, and hydroxylated the conjugated olefin l-(4‘-ethoxy-3’-methoxyphenyl)1.2 propene (III) to yield the initial product IV. In contrast, MB and RB hydroxylated III but had no effect on I, II, IV or VI under identical conditions. This suggested RF effected transformations via a hydrogen radical abstraction (Type I) rather than a 1O2 mediated reaction. To confirm this, the effects of deuterium oxide (D:0) and oxygen pressure on the photosensitizing dye reactions were examined. The effect of D20 on tryptophan (Trp) oxidation and hydroxylation of III by MB and RB was significant, indicating involvement of 1O2. D2O had no significant effect on cleavage of the diarylpropane (I) and the olefin (III) by RF, indicating these reactions did not proceed by a Type II mechanism. While O2 pressure effect on Trp oxidation by MB was insignificant, it had a large negative effect on cleavage of I by RF. These results, coupled with the relatively slow oxidation rate of Trp by RF. indicate that photosensitizing RF produces 1O2 inefficiently and is not effecting oxidation of these lignin model compounds via a Type II mechanism.
Cerebrovascular complications of mechanical circulatory assist devices

Abstract Chronic heart failure syndrome is reaching a significant magnitude. Due to limitations in the available treatment options, mechanical circulatory assist devices are assuming a bigger role in the management of this difficult group of patients. Cerebrovascular events certainly appear to complicate the course of treatment using this evolving technology. Some of the events are due to patient-related factors, but some are related to the device and its interaction with the living organism. Differences in the incidence of these complications among the available devices provide the hope that better understanding of the causes followed by design modifications will lessen the occurrence of cerebrovascular events with this form of therapy.
Miscibility in lipid−protein monolayers

Abstract Lipid—protein monolayers of various lipids mixed with either β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, or β-casein were transferred from the air-water interface to mica substrates and examined by electron microscopy. Phospholipids and triglycerides which gave condensed films at the air—water interface did not mix with proteins in monolayers as shown by electron micrographs of the transferred films. Heterogeneous films were observed with as little as 5 mole (residue) percent phosphatidic acid or tristearin in the mixed films, suggesting little, if any, solubility of condensed lipids in protein before the onset of phase separation. Homogeneous lipid—protein films were observed when the mixed monolayers were prepared from phospholipids or triglycerides that exhibit expanded behavior at the air—water interface. Fatty acids did not always follow this behavior pattern. Stearic acid, which forms a condensed film at the air—water interface, did not separate from the protein in a mixed film until the lipid content exceeded 10–15 mole (residue) percent. Nervonic acid, which exhibits condensed behavior at high pressure and room temperature, also did not separate from protein in mixed films under these conditions. Film balance experiments suggest that lipid—protein interactions may be hindering segregation of nervonic acid from proteins in monolayers.
Controlled Orientation of Block Copolymers on Defect‐Free Faceted Surfaces

The effect of a faceted surface geometry on controlling the direction of well-defined line patterns of block copolymer (BCP) microdomains over macroscopic areas is reported. Facets with asymmetric base angles can control the direction of BCP microdomains oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the facets depending on BCP film thickness.
Radioactivity standards for environmental monitoring. II

Abstract The current environmental-monitoring-standards efforts of the low-level-radioactivity laboratory in the Radioactivity Group of the National Bureau of Standards are described. The calibration efforts include traceability programs, natural-matrix Standard Reference Materials, alpha-particle-emitting standards, and international radioactivity intercomparisons. New radiometrology efforts under development include a prototype radon-222 in water standard, γ-ray emission-rate measurement techniques in the 60-keV region, and atom-counting techniques for radioactivity measurements.
Proximal diaphyseal fractures of the fifth metatarsal —treatment of the fractures and their complications in athletes

Twenty-one patients (age range, 15 to 26; 18 patients 15 to 20 years old) had proximal diaphyseal fractures of the fifth metatarsal. Clinical records and radiographs for all patients were available for review. Patient treatment had been individualized and included several methods, including rest, plaster immobilization, and bone grafting. Twenty of the 21 patients were boys or men participating in athletics. Nine of the 21 fractures and 8 of the reinjuries were sustained while playing basketball. Healing required a minimum of 3 months (with bone graft) and some fractures were not radiographically healed at 20 months, although the patients were clinically asymptomatic. The fracture of the proximal shaft of the fifth metatarsal, particularly the 1.5-cm segment distal to the tuberosity, is a troublesome injury in the active athlete. The clinical course does not appear to be influenced by the usual initial conservative treatment modalities, although many of these fractures will heal if the athlete is willing to restrict activities for a prolonged period of time. In this series, bone grafting with a tibial corticocancellous graft after thorough curettage of sclerotic bone obliterating the medullary canal was the most effective treatment modality for delayed union.
Conviction Odds in Chicago Homicide Cases: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter?

This study investigates disparity as it exists in the conviction of Latino, African American, and White offenders in Chicago homicide cases. The study participants were adults who had been identified by the Chicago Police Department as suspects in homicide incidents for the years 1990 through 1995. Information about the offender, victim, homicide incident, and adjudication of the homicide case in court was collected from police and court records. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine the odds of conviction for Latino, African American, and White homicide offenders at the adjudication decision point of criminal case processing. Results indicated that in Chicago homicide cases, when deciding guilt or no guilt for Class M Felony murder, neither race nor ethnicity mattered; what did matter the most was the offender–victim relationship, the number of charges filed against the offender, and the mode of conviction. This study continues the important tradition in racial and ethnic disparity studies o...
Effects of word frequency and modality on sentence comprehension impairments in people with aphasia.

Purpose It is well known that people with aphasia have sentence comprehension impairments. The present study investigated whether lexical factors contribute to sentence comprehension impairments in...
Endothelium-derived microparticles induce dendritic cell apoptosis

INTRODUCTION: Critically ill patients have impaired ability to resist infection. Elevated plasma levels of endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs) have been strongly correlated with critical illness (e.g. sepsis, sickle cell disease, and acute lung injury). Previously we have shown EMP-induced endothelial dysfunction affecting NO production, permeability, and inflammation. We hypothesize that EMPs inhibit survival and maturation of dendritic cells (DC), which are critical for effective immunity.
Targeting undergraduate students for surveys: Lessons from the Academic Pathways Of People Learning Engineering Survey (APPLES)

The academic pathways of people learning engineering survey (APPLES) was deployed in April 2007 targeting cross-sectional populations from four American universities. The goal of APPLES is to validate earlier findings from the academic pathways study on factors that correlate with persistence in engineering. There is minimal literature detailing the practical process and methodology for engineering education researchers to undertake thorough, statistically-sound survey research, particularly as it relates to reaching specific student groups within the undergraduate engineering population. We outline the APPLES development methodology, and specifically the lessons learned in deploying a multi-site, medium-scale survey. This paper details our process for constructing the sampling plan and the resulting design for the APPLE survey, and addresses issues relating to working with campus liaisons, subject recruitment and deployment. Finally, we share preliminary response rates and feedback from respondents to inform a model for conducting survey design and research for engineering education researchers.
Who Is at Risk for Prolonged Seizures

This article reviews how long seizures last and how frequently seizures are prolonged, risk factors for prolonged seizures, and a conceptual framework that links them. These data are derived from studies of patients with a first unprovoked seizure, studies of children with febrile seizures, studies of population-based and community-based cohorts with newly diagnosed epilepsy and patients with refractory epilepsy, and treatment trials. Prolonged seizures that exceed 5 to 10 minutes are relatively common, and the key factor in the identification of those at risk is a history of a prior prolonged seizure. A subgroup of patients with seizures is predisposed to prolonged although not necessarily frequent seizures, which are associated with increased morbidity, increased emergency department visits, and a decreased quality of life. This article also addresses criteria used to justify treatment of a seizure once it has continued longer than 5 minutes and the rationale for such treatment.
The Fine Structure of HE as a Test of the Spin Interactions of Two Electrons

A tentative expression for the quantum Hamiltonian of two electrons has been set up in a previous paper. The equation is discussed again. It is shown that the last term in it is subject to doubt. The Hamiltonian is tested by applying it to the calculation of the fine structure of the He $2^{3}P$ level. It is found that the above mentioned term in ${e}^{4}$ is in contradiction with experiment. Removing the term from the equation one is left essentially with Heisenberg's old Hamiltonian. The spin interaction in it is shown to agree well with experiment. The calculation has been applied also to ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$.The essential improvements on previous work are: (1) an increase in the precision of the unperturbed eigenfunctions; (2) a determination from experimental data of a constant $D$ which depends directly on spin---spin interactions (see Eq. (1) below) and which can be calculated with fair accuracy. Comparing the theoretical and empirical values of $D$ a clearer test of the magnitude of spin---spin interactions can be obtained than by calculating the relative positions of the three components of the triplet. The reason for this is that the relative positions of the lines depend also on another constant $C$ which is a difference of two approximately equal numbers and is more difficult to calculate accurately.
Deductions about Supportive Induction

Although a great deal is understood rela tive to the concerns of beginning teachers, little is known of programs that effectively assist new staff members dur ing the crucial induction period. The authors propose a set of goals for teacher induction programs, with par ticular emphasis on the outcomes of re flection and self-assessrment.
Princes Shall Come out of Egypt: A Theological Comparison of Marcus Garvey and Reverend Albert B. Cleage Jr.

Marcus Garvey left substantial documentation regarding his beliefs about the nature of God, humanity, and salvation and the role of religion, positioning him as a theologian of considerable merit. ...
Murine monoclonal antibody LAM2 defines cell membrane determinant with preferential expression on human lung small‐cell carcinoma and squamous‐cell carcinomas

Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated against a human undifferentiated lung carcinoma cell line. The hybridoma designated LAM2 produced an IgM kappa MAb with reactivity to the cell membrane. Indirect immunofluorescence staining and radioimmunoassay showed LAM2 antibody to react preferentially with lung small-cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines and squamous-cell carcinoma (SQC) cell lines. LAM2 antibody also stained primary cultures of normal bronchial epithelial cells, but was unreactive with human erythrocytes and nucleated marrow cells. Indirect immunofluorescent staining with LAM2 antibody was performed on frozen sections of human tumor tissues and normal tissues. LAM2 antibody stained all 8 SCC carcinomas, 4 of 5 SQC of the lung and head and neck region, and 2 or 4 lung large-cell carcinomas. No staining was seen on lung adenocarcinomas, breast carcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, renal cell carcinomas, colon carcinomas, or mesotheliomas. Staining was present on sections of normal bronchus, but not on normal lung parenchyma, liver, kidney, adrenal or skin. While LAM2 antibody was highly reactive with all SCC examined, its antigenic determinant was not expressed in other cell lines and tumors of presumed neuroectodermal origin, including neuroblastoma, melanoma, and bronchial carcinoid. Radioimmunoprecipitation showed the antigen defined by LAM2 antibody to have two major bands of approximate molecular weights of 45,000 and 125,000. The selective reactivity of LAM2 antibody with SCC and SQC, but not with most other tumor tissues and normal tissues, makes it a good candidate for use in clinical diagnosis and possibly serotherapy.