cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toric soft contact lens fit in a postoperative LASIK keratoectasia patient with high and irregular astigmatism.

Abstract Background Keratoectasia is a rare but well-known complication after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Patients with this condition can have high and irregular astigmatism. When the treatment of the high astigmatic correction cannot be accomplished surgically or when the keratoectasia patient rejects surgical enhancement, optical correction with devices such as soft or rigid gas-permeable contact lenses may be pursued. In fact, toric soft contact lenses are a good first option for fitting postoperative keratoectasia patients. Case report A 58-year-old white male presented for an examination with a complaint of decreased distance vision in the right eye (OD) after having traditional LASIK for myopia with astigmatism in both eyes (OU) in 1999 and limbal relaxing incision enhancement OD in 2003. Refraction showed high mixed astigmatism OD (+1.75 -5.75×075). Slit lamp examination found irregularity of the cornea, evidenced by an inferior cone with pigmented Fleischer ring OD. Video keratometry had keratometry readings of 43.50 at 160, 39.87 at 070, elevated shape measure (0.40), elevated corneal irregularity measure (3.96), an inferior cone on the elevation map, and asymmetric bowtie with elongation inferonasally on the axial map, which confirmed the diagnosis of postoperative keratoectasia. Because new surgical treatments at that time for corneal ectasia were in their infancy and not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the patient opted for a trial toric soft contact lens fitting, which improved his corrected distance visual acuity to 20/25. Conclusion This case report confirms that toric soft contact lenses are a good first choice in fitting patients with high and irregular astigmatism from postoperative LASIK corneal ectasia. It also confirms that excellent vision and comfort with toric soft contact lenses is possible in these patients.
Characteristics of participants in a gestational carrier program.

Genetic parents and gestational carriers in our gestational carrier program were evaluated by psychodiagnostic interview and by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Interview—2 (MMPI-2), a widely used objective psychological test, to identify psychopathology and describe personality characteristics. Overall, participants exhibited no overt psychopathology. Personality differences were found between gestational carriers and genetic mothers and genetic fathers and mothers. Clinical interviews revealed that gestational carriers tended to be the dominant partner in the relationship, were motivated by a wish to help an infertile couple, enjoyed being pregnant, showed narcissistic needs, and expressed a wish for secondary financial gain. The majority of gestational carriers stated that they had considered becoming a traditional surrogate but felt they could not surrender a child that was genetically theirs. These results indicate that there is not any predisposing psychopathology which attracts participants to the gestational carrier program.
Nucleation of crystallization of polyester by catalyst remnants—a review

The antimony catalyst content of poly(ethylene terephthalate) has an appreciable effect on the tendency of the polymer to crystallize upon cooling from the melt. Nucleation density increases significantly as antimony catalyst concentration increases. The crystallization tendency of the polymer at a given molecular weight correlates strongly with both the antimony content and the diethylene glycol comonomer content. The behavioral patterns of nucleation by catalyst remnants are similar in polyester prepared from terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate. The antimony catalyst is deposited in the polyester matrix in a form suitable to nucleate quiescent crystallization. The differences in tendency to crystallize that correlate with catalyst and diethylene glycol comonomer content are reflected in the crystallinity of injection molded samples.
Designing a Library Information Literacy Program Using Threshold Concepts, Student Learning Theory, and Millennial Research in the Development of Information Literacy Sessions

This article will discuss Ferrum College's approach toward developing and delivering varied one-shot information literacy instruction sessions based on knowledge of millennial students’ information retrieval practices and on literature regarding threshold concepts and teaching and learning theories. Identifying threshold information literacy concepts helped the library to develop session specific learning outcomes to meet the needs of their students. Moreover, knowledge of learning theory and millennial learning preferences aided in developing lesson plans and activities that encouraged student mastery of these concepts. Ultimately, this approach contributed to a more comprehensive information literacy program that could be scaffolded over multiple instruction visits.
Naturalistic inquiry: Future research directions for the classroom teacher

(1985). Naturalistic inquiry: Future research directions for the classroom teacher. The Teacher Educator: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 28-32.
Phospholipid oxidation in emulsions.

The autoxidation of purified phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl choline (PC), extracted from egg and soybean lipids, was followed by oxygen uptake measurements in emulsified systems. All emulsified phospholipid fractions had comparable activation energies. Measurement by various physico-chemical tests was made of specific changes in the phospholipid molecule during autoxidation. PE oxidized more rapidly and absorbed more oxygen than PC. Higher 2-thiobarbituric acid test and diene and triene conjugation absorbance values were observed for PE than for PC. Of the two major polyunsaturated fatty acids in egg phospholipids, arachidonic acid disappeared at a more rapid rate during oxidation while the concentration of linoleic acid decreased to a level that was relatively constant. Although typical unsaturated fatty acid oxidation appeared to occur in all phospholipid fractions, oxidation in aqueous emulsions was only partly a function of fatty acid composition. The nitrogen moieties, ethanolamine and choline influenced the induction period for the oxidation of PE and PC respectively.
Noise Analysis and Performance Comparison of Low Current Measurement Systems for Biomedical Applications

In this paper, we report on the noise analysis of low current measurement systems for biomedical applications and their fundamental limits. We analyzed resistive feedback, capacitive feedback and current amplifier circuits for low current measurement systems. Detailed noise analysis for different biomedical applications are presented and matched with measurement data using a 0.5-μm fabrication process. Based on the theoretical analysis and the corresponding measurement results, the capacitive feedback system provides better noise performance for the measurement of low current than the others. The capacitive feedback circuit is capable of measuring 750 fA RMS at a 10 kHz sampling rate, whereas the resistive feedback provides 4 pA and the current conveyor provides 600 pA at the same bandwidth. This paper provides design guidelines to maximize the performance of low current measuring system for biomedical instrumentation and to provide the best performance available with CMOS technologies.
Full Coherent Control on Nanoscale

We consider theory and experimental data on coherent control of nanoscale energy localization in nanosystems. Two new ideas will be presented: (i) Spatio-temporal control in combination with adiabatic energy concentration and (ii) Time-reversal coherent control.
A new technique for the calculation of real-time path integrals and applications to electron transport

Abstract A new numerical method for treating the real-time properties of interacting quantum mechanical systems is described. The electronic density matrix for a coupled electron-phonon system is calculated by Monte Carlo sampling over electronic trajectories. Sampling techniques are presented which can handle the oscillatory nature of the kernel. The method is demonstrated by the results of calculations on two model systems.
Religious aspects of coping with stress among adolescents from families with alcohol problems

The main focus of this research concerned disparities between two groups of adolescents from alcoholic and non-alcoholic families regarding religious coping strategies. Theoretical assumptions, being the basis of this research, refer to Pargament's conception of religion as an integral part of the process of coping with stress. The following hypotheses were stated: adolescents from alcoholic families more often use religious coping strategies, and individuals engaged in religious activity, compared to those not engaged, more often choose positive religious coping strategies. The research was conducted using a sample of 228 individuals, aged 17–19 years. All subjects declared Roman Catholic denomination. The survey was used to distinguish between the main groups. To evaluate religious coping strategies, the Polish version of the RCOPE was used. The results showed that adolescents from alcoholic families, compared to non-alcoholic families, more often perceived their situation as the Act of the Devil. They ...
Perturbation Theory of Scattering Amplitudes at High Energies

The asymptotic behavior of Feynman-Dyson graphs for elastic scattering at high energies is studied by means of the Mellin transform. The leading terms of a set of graphs involving three-particle intermediate states are summed. Under certain conditions the asymptotic behavior of the sum is found to contain a factor (lns)/sup -3/2/. This is incompatible with Regge behavior, but is consistent instead with a cut in the complex angular momentum plane. (auth)
Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling in Human Dendritic Cells is Enhanced by ICOS Ligand and Modulated by the Crohn’s Disease ICOSLG Risk Allele

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulated intestinal immune homeostasis and cytokine secretion. Multiple loci are associated with IBD, but a functional explanation is missing for most. Here we found that pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced cytokine secretion was diminished in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) from rs7282490 ICOSLG GG risk carriers. Homotypic interactions between the costimulatory molecule ICOS and the ICOS ligand on MDDCs amplified nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)-initiated cytokine secretion. This amplification required arginine residues in the ICOSL cytoplasmic tail that recruited the adaptor protein RACK1 and the kinases PKC and JNK leading to PKC, MAPK, and NF-κB activation. MDDC from rs7282490 GG risk-carriers had reduced ICOSL expression and PRR-initiated signaling and this loss-of-function ICOSLG risk allele associated with an ileal Crohn's disease phenotype, similar to polymorphisms in NOD2. Taken together, ICOSL amplifies PRR-initiated outcomes, which might contribute to immune homeostasis.
Depth profiling of hydrogen in crystalline silicon using elastic recoil detection analysis

Abstract Accurate depth profiling of hydrogen in crystalline silicon (c-Si) from reflection elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) can be performed using a method that converts the channel difference between surface and bulk signals directly to depth. The method relies on Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) to unambiguously determine the depth of a buried marker coincident with a hydrogen distribution in each of several silicon calibration standards. A conversion from ERDA channels to depth is extracted from the relationship between the depth to the marker and the channel difference between surface and bulk hydrogen centroids in forward recoil spectra acquired simultaneously. Applying this conversion to ERDA of hydrogen-implanted c-Si taken under the same conditions as those of the silicon calibration standards results in accurate, quantitative depth profiling. A comparison of techniques shows that this method offers distinct advantages over depth profiling by computer simulation of ERDA spectra.
Children's auditory lexical decisions: a limited processing capacity account of language impairment.

Twenty-three school-age children with language impairments (LI) and 46 typically achieving children participated in 2 auditory lexical decision tasks. Effects of phonological opacity (i.e., stress ...
Do humans show a “species-typical” group size?: Age, sex, and environmental differences in the size and composition of naturally-occurring casual groups

Abstract The size, age,and sex composition of 2277 casual groups from eight shopping malls and two sidewalk shopping areas, and 1086 groups from other public environments, were recorded and analyzed to reveal age, sex, and environmental components of human grouping tendencies. Groups containing grade school or teenage children were significantly larger than groups of other ages. Adult females were found in larger groups than males; although females readily formed groups with either sex, adult males formed few groups containing one or two other males. Group size showed a significant, inverse correlation with social distances between first, second, and third nearest neighboring group members in a photo sample, but group size showed no correlation with social distances between strangers. These results are interpreted in the light of an ethological hypothesis that contemporary grouping patterns had their origins in adaptive, inborn aggregative tendencies that were later incorporated into the repertoire of nonverbal human behaviors.
Strategies for Covalent Attachment of Doxorubicin to Poly(PEG-Lys), a New Water-Soluble Poly(ether urethane

Poly(PEG-Lys) is a new, water soluble poly(ether urethane) that has shown promise as an injectable drug carrier. To evaluate the possible use of this drug carrier in chemotherapy, three different approaches for the covalent attachment of doxorubicin to the pendent carboxylic acid groups of poly(PEG- Lys) were developed. In one approach, the pendent carboxylic acid groups of poly(PEG-Lys) were converted to N-hydroxysuccinimide active esters, which spontaneously formed hydrolytically stable amide bonds upon reaction with the amino group located on the daunosamine ring of doxorubicin. The amount of amide-bound doxorubicin was about 7.3 mg/100 mg of conjugate. In a second approach, the degradable hydrazone linkage was formed by reaction of the polymeric hydrazide derivative of poly(PEG-Lys), designated as poly(PEG-Lys hydrazide), with the 13-keto group of doxorubicin. After purification, the amount of carrier-bound doxorubicin was 13.5 mg/100 mg of conjugate. In the third approach, the conjugation of doxorubi...
AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE MODIFICATION OF BEAN LEAVES AS A RESULT OF TREATMENT WITH 2,4‐D

ONE OF THE most obvious effects of the use of 2,4-D on plants is the formation of grotesque leaves. Little information is available concerning the exteriial or internal characters of leaves that have been injured in this manner. Beal (1944) illustrated the external effects on trifoliolate leaves that had developed on bean plants after treatment with different concentrations of growth substances applied in combination with lanolin or carbowax. More recently, Burton (1947) has demonstrated the formative effects of certain substituted chlorophenoxy compounds on bean leaves. It was believed, however, from observations made in preliminary trials that variation in leaf modification likoe those obtained by Barton and Beal might be caused by using the same amount of the same chemical on plants of slightly different size at the time of treatment. For this reason a study of leaves of the bean plant, Phaseolus vulgaris, var Red Kidney, was made. The development of unusual leaves on the bean became visible only after the first week following treatment, when the young leaves that were in the bud at time of treatment expanded. Partially or fully expanded leaves that were outside the bud at time of treatment were not visibly altered. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT.-Twenty-four plants were grown from seed for 10 days. Groups of three closely similar plants were selected, each with terminal bud lengths respectively 5-7 mm., 8-10 mm., and 10-12 mm. The measurements were made from the base of the stipules at the base of the bud to the tip. At the later stages, when the first trifoliolate leaf had expanded more fully, the measurement was made from the base of the stipule at the base of the first trifoliolate leaf to the tip of the central leaflet of this leaf. When there was curvature in this leaf, the measurement was made in the same manner ignoring the curvature. Bud size, therefore refers to the length of the oldest leaf of the "bud." On the day following the first selection when the buds had increased in length, another group of three was selected with a terminal-bud length of from 15-17 mm. One day later a fifth group was selected in which the terminal leaflet of the lowest leaf had expanded to 35 mm. in length. Plants from each group were treated on the day of selection by injection from a hypodermic needle into the midrib
Metastatic gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma to the extraocular muscles.

Abstract Objective To present one definitive and one probable case of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma metastases to the extraocular muscles. Design Two observational case reports. Methods Two interventional case reports with clinical pathologic correlation and review of the literature. Vanderbilt University Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this report. Main outcome measures We analyzed the presenting symptoms, visual acuity, motility, and external examination. Results Computed tomography showed nodular enlargement of an isolated rectus muscle. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma in one case. The orbital neoplasm contained signet ring cells, classically seen in gastrointestinal malignancy. Conclusions Metastasis from gastrointestinal carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with diplopia or visual loss, particularly with a recent history of gastrointestinal malignancy.
On Quantitative Relationships Between Drug-Like Compound Lipophilicity and Plasma Free Fraction in Monkey and Human

ABSTRACT: Drug interactions with plasma proteins influence their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We aimed to test whether a strong quantitative relationship exists between plasma free fraction ( f P ) and lipophilicity for low molecular weight nonacidic drug-like compounds. We measured the n -octanol-buffer distribution coefficients at pH 7.4 ( m log D ) of 18 diverse radiotracers ( c log D with two software packages. The f P values for monkeys and humans were determined by ultrafiltration and transformed into m log D pr/pl values representing the log 10 of the within phase partition of the radiotracers between plasma proteins and remaining plasma. m log D pr/pl correlated strongly with m log D for human ( m log D pr/pl = 0.733 m log D −0.780, r 2 = 0.74) and monkey ( m log D pr/pl = 0.780 m log D −1.15, r 2 = 0.83), but less strongly with c log D . These relationships were significantly different between species ( P = 0.006). Removal of eight fluorinated compounds from the datasets raised r 2 to 0.81 and 0.91 for humans and monkeys, respectively. For the tested compounds, we conclude that n -octanol-buffer (pH 7.4) distribution strongly models that between plasma proteins and remaining plasma and moreover that m log D accounts for over 74% of compound m log D pr/pl and is a strong determinant of f P .
Pazopanib and depot octreotide in advanced, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours: a multicentre, single-group, phase 2 study

Summary Background Treatment options for advanced, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) remain scarce. Pazopanib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule, multitargeted kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3. We did a study of the efficacy of pazopanib with depot octreotide in patients with advanced NETs. Methods We did a parallel cohort study of patients with metastatic or locally advanced grade 1–2 carcinoid tumours or pancreatic NETs, by use of a single-group, two-stage design. Patients received pazopanib 800 mg orally once per day and octreotide at their preprotocol dosage. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an objective response, as assessed by investigators, by intention-to-treat analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00454363, and was completed in March, 2014. Findings Between April 12, 2007, and July 2, 2009, we enrolled 52 patients, including 32 individuals with pancreatic NETs and 20 individuals with carcinoid tumours. Seven (21·9%, 95% CI 11·0–38·8) of 32 patients with pancreatic NETs achieved an objective response. We detected no responses in the first stage of the cohort with carcinoid tumours, and we terminated accrual at 20 patients. Toxic effects included one patient with grade 4 hypertriglyceridaemia and one with grade 4 thrombosis, with the most common grade three events being aminotransferase increases and neutropenia, each of which happened in 3 patients. In all 52 patients, the most frequently observed toxic effects were fatigue (39 [75%]), nausea (33 [63%]), diarrhoea (33 [63%]), and hypertension (28 [54%]). Interpretation Treatment with pazopanib is associated with tumour response for patients with pancreatic NETs, but not for carcinoid tumours; a randomised controlled phase 3 study to assess pazopanib in advanced pancreatic NETs is warranted. Funding US National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
Alexander HamiltonAS Market Based Debt Reduction Plan

In 1790, Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, initiated a program to refund the U.S. debt. Debt that had sold at 75% discount two years earlier would be refunded at par into new funded debt of the new federal government. All foreign indebtedness would be repaid. I present evidence that Hamilton's actual refunding policy did not differ in nature from that envisioned under the recent Brady plan. I will show that the bond package for which the old debt exchanged had a market value well below par. Thus, a large part of the face value of the debt was effectively written off. I compare the Hamilton restructuring package to the recent Mexican restructuring package to find points of similarity to the Brady plan.
Comparison of LY264826-gentamidn with vancomycin-gentamicin against enterococci from blood cultures

The combination of the new glycopeptide LY264826 and gentamicin was compared with the combination of vancomycin and gentamicin against 30 strains of enterococci, comprising 20 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, five strains of Enterococcus faecium and five strains of Enterococcus avium, isolated from blood cultures. LY264826 plus gentamicin was synergic against E. faecalis and E. faecium, but not against E. avium.
Binding of N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) β1–6-branched Oligosaccharide Acceptors to β4-Galactosyltransferase I Reveals a New Ligand Binding Mode

N-Acetyllactosamine is the most prevalent disaccharide moiety in the glycans on the surface of mammalian cells and often found as repeat units in the linear and branched polylactosamines, known as i- and I-antigen, respectively. The β1–4-galactosyltransferase-I (β4Gal-T1) enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of the N-acetyllactosamine moiety. To understand its oligosaccharide acceptor specificity, we have previously investigated the binding of tri- and pentasaccharides of N-glycan with a GlcNAc at their nonreducing end and found that the extended sugar moiety in these acceptor substrates binds to the crevice present at the acceptor substrate binding site of the β4Gal-T1 molecule. Here we report seven crystal structures of β4Gal-T1 in complex with an oligosaccharide acceptor with a nonreducing end GlcNAc that has a β1–6-glycosidic link and that are analogous to either N-glycan or i/I-antigen. In the crystal structure of the complex of β4Gal-T1 with I-antigen analog pentasaccharide, the β1–6-branched GlcNAc moiety is bound to the sugar acceptor binding site of the β4Gal-T1 molecule in a way similar to the crystal structures described previously; however, the extended linear tetrasaccharide moiety does not interact with the previously found extended sugar binding site on the β4Gal-T1 molecule. Instead, it interacts with the different hydrophobic surface of the protein molecule formed by the residues Tyr-276, Trp-310, and Phe-356. Results from the present and previous studies suggest that β4Gal-T1 molecule has two different oligosaccharide binding regions for the binding of the extended oligosaccharide moiety of the acceptor substrate.
Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products

Surveys of cosmetic raw materials and finished products for the presence of the carcinogen 1,4-dioxane have been conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration since 1979. Analytical methods are described for the determination of 1,4-dioxane in ethoxylated cosmetic raw materials and cosmetic finished products. 1,4-Dioxane was isolated by azeotropic atmospheric distillation and determined by gas chromatography using n-butanol as an internal standard. A solid-phase extraction procedure based on a previously published method for the determination of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic finished products was also used. 1,4-Dioxane was found in ethoxylated raw materials at levels up to 1410 ppm, and at levels up to 279 ppm in cosmetic finished products. Levels of 1,4-dioxane in excess of 85 ppm in children's shampoos indicate that continued monitoring of raw materials and finished products is warranted.
Morning-after pill as a nonprescription medication: Benefits and concerns

On August 24, 2006, the Food and Drug Administration approved the nonprescription sale of the morning-after pill, commercially known as Plan B, to women 18 years of age or older. Girls 17 years and younger will still need a prescription to purchase the pill. The morning-after pill will be sold only
Conservation of Na vs. K by the rat cortical collecting duct

Regulation of transport by principal cells of the distal nephron contributes to maintenance of Na+ and K+ homeostasis. To assess which of these ions is given a higher priority by these cells, we in...
Applications of superconductors in electric utility systems

Superconductors hold a level of attractiveness for electric utility applications because they can carry large electrical current densities with no or with very small electric power dissipation. Achievable current densities are large enough that it is possible, using superconductors, to produce magnetic flux densities higher than those required to saturate iron. This holds out the prospect for improving the energy conversion density and efficiency of electric machines, transformers and electric power transmission lines. In addition entirely new applications for superconductors have been invented in the past few decades, including magnetic energy storage (SMES) and fault current limiters. This paper gives a brief survey of developments leading to demonstrations of some of these applications.
A new laminate material for high performance PCBs: liquid crystal polymer copper clad films

We have all heard that the primary drivers that are moving the electronics industry can be summarized in three words: faster, smaller, lighter. Many laminate materials have been developed in the history of the electronics industry and each has been designed to provide designers, fabricators and OEMs with interconnects that would satisfy this paradigm. However, as densities increase the demands placed on laminate materials are beginning to approach the limits of some of these materials. To meet manufacturer's needs, new materials must be continually developed to meet the demands of the electronics industry. This paper discusses a newly developed material consisting of a high performance liquid crystal polymer (LCP) laminated to copper foil. LCPs offer a balance of properties unmatched by other engineering or high performance resins. Some of the advantages offered by the LCP copper clad film include: low dielectric constant; very low moisture absorption; laser hole formation; processing similar to standard FR-4 materials; and chemical resistance. Also, this paper discusses the evaluation of multilayer PCB fabricated with liquid crystal polymer copper clad film. The evaluation included peel strength, solder float testing, moisture absorption and moisture and insulation resistance testing. The result of this work was the production of a functional PCMCIA card.
The Effect of Disinfection on Viability and Function of Baboon Red Blood Cells

Methods that have been optimized for disinfection of red blood cells before transfusion must be evaluated for their effect on red blood cell viability and function in vitro and in vivo. This study evaluates (1) in vitro effects of Panavirocide treatment and benzoporphyrin (BPD) photosensitization on baboon and human red blood cell parameters and (2) in vivo effects of five disinfectant treatments on 24 h posttransfusion survival and cell lifetimes for baboon red blood cells. The in vitro studies showed that both disinfection methods resulted in a significant reduction in red blood cell potassium, suggesting that intracellular potassium is a sensitive measure of red cell injury during disinfection. The in vivo studies demonstrated significant reductions in the 24 h posttransfusion survival of baboon red blood cells and reductions in cell lifespan treated with a Panavirocide solution, BPD photosensitization and 15 mM nonactivated sodium chlorite. No effects were seen with 250 ppm formaldehyde, aluminum phthalocyanine photosensitization or activated sodium chlorite. These in vivo data showing effects of disinfection treatments support the use of baboons in studying disinfection procedures of autologous red blood cells before attempting studies in humans.
Decreased Plasma Retinol, α-Tocopherol, and Zinc Concentration During the Periparturient Period: Effect of Milk Fever

Retinol (vitamin A), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), and Zn are micronutrients essential for health and performance. We determined the effects of parturition, lactation, and periparturient Ca status on plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and Zn in 18 Jersey cows during the 2 wk before and after parturition. Six cows developed clinical milk fever. Prepartum plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and Zn decreased progressively in all animals. A nadir was reached at 1 d postpartum when concentrations declined to 38, 47, and 67%, respectively, of prepartal baseline concentrations. Plasma Zn returned to baseline concentrations within 3 d of calving, and plasma alpha-tocopherol returned toward baseline about 10 d after calving. Plasma retinol remained below baseline concentrations throughout the first 2 wk of lactation. The decline in plasma Zn observed at calving was more severe in cows with milk fever (parturient paresis) than in cows without milk fever. The decrease in plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol observed at parturition was similar in cows with or without milk fever. These data document an acute decline in plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and Zn in the immediate periparturient period and indicate that the decline in plasma Zn is more severe in cows with milk fever.
Clinical Experience of Arsenic Trioxide in Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has unique clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular features and is one of the most potentially curable human malignancies. The current standard treatment given to patients with newly diagnosed APL con-sists of all-trans retinoic acid and anthracycline-based cytotoxic chemotherapy, which is highly effective for remission induction. However, despite the potential for cure with existing treatments, approximately 20%-30% of patients relapse and require salvage therapy. Reports of the safety and efficacy of arsenic trioxide from centers in China led to a pivotal trial of this agent in the United States for patients with relapsed APL. In an initial pilot study, 11 of 12 patients experienced a complete response, and a subsequent multicenter trial confirmed the efficacy and safety of arsenic trioxide for remission induction in this patient population. Additional trials are under way to evaluate the use of this agent alone or as part of a chemotherapy regimen for consolidation and maintenance of patients with APL. The Oncologist 2001;6(suppl 2):11-16
Ionic Liquid‐Nanoparticle Hybrid Electrolytes and their Application in Secondary Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Ionic liquid-tethered nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes comprised of silica nanoparticles densely grafted with imidazolium-based ionic liquid chains are shown to retard lithium dendrite growth in rechargeable batteries with metallic lithium anodes. The electrolytes are demonstrated in full cell studies using both high-energy Li/MoS{sub 2} and high-power Li/TiO{sub 2} secondary batteries. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature-Dependent Parental Investment in the Giant Waterbug Belostoma flumineum (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)

We examined the effects of ambient temperature on the brooding behavior of male waterbugs, Belostoma flumineum Say. Male waterbugs are more likely to prematurely terminate care for small egg-pads than for larger egg-pads. Because embryogenesis and breeding season are both associated with ambient temperature, males in warmer environments may respond differently than those in cooler conditions. We studied the effects of temperature on male parental behavior by housing groups of completely and partially egg-encumbered males under different thermal regimes. Completely encumbered males rarely discarded egg-pads, regardless of ambient temperature. Partially encumbered males housed under warm ambient temperatures, however, were significantly more likely to discard the eggs than those housed under cooler conditions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cool ambient temperatures at the end of the breeding season elicit a terminal investment strategy.
Effects of Pelleting Whole Cottonseed on Plasma Gossypol, Rumen Metabolites, and Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pelleted whole cottonseed (PCS) on plasma gossypol concentrations, rumen parameters, and milk yield and composition when replacing whole fuzzy cottonseed (WCS) in the diets of lactating dairy cows. The study was conducted in a switchback design using four pens of cows, with two pens per treatment in each experimental period. In each 42d period, one primiparous and one multiparous pen were assigned to one of the two treatment diets; treatments were switched at the end of the first 42-d period. Treatments included WCS or PCS. Both groups received a total mixed ration composed of alfalfa hay, corn silage, cottonseed as WCS or PCS, soybean meal, soybean hulls, molasses, mineral and vitamin mixture, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium salts of palm oil. Pelleting of cotton
Tunnel Closure for Nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb Functions

A closed-form analysis for elastic-plastic response of a cylindrical tunnel in rock under axisymmetric loading at infinity shows the effect of yielding according to a nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb-type function in which the angle of internal friction decreases with increasing mean normal stress. Explicit expressions for stresses and deformation are obtained by approximating the nonlinear function by a series of straight line segments. Comparisons of tunnel closures calculated with nonlinear functions with those from single straight line approximations show that tunnel closure is sensitive to plastic behavior nearest the tunnel. This means that the low-stress part of the yield function, where nonlinearity is usually greatest, should be modeled as accurately as possible.
Pyrosequencing for Bacterial Identification

Sanger sequencing, first introduced in molecular laboratories 30 years ago, has been a useful tool in determining a vast array of DNA sequences. Over the years, modifications to the original technique have been made, solidifying Sanger sequencing as an efficient and robust technology. More recently, pyrosequencing has been developed as another technique for DNA sequencing. Pyrosequencing is a process of sequencing by synthesis which uses a substrate driven enzymatic reaction to detect sequential incorporation of nucleotides. Compared to traditional Sanger sequencing, this method provides a shorter sequence to analyze, offering faster turnaround times. There are many applications for pyrosequencing including sequence analysis, and SNP and CpG methylation detection and quantification. Here the sequence analysis application is used as an illustration of how pyrosequencing can be an effective approach for microbial identification.
Exploring Family-Oriented Markers of Adulthood Political and Personal Variations Among Emerging Adults

Previous studies have demonstrated a propensity for many emerging adults to minimize traditional indicators of adulthood, such as marriage and parenting. Beliefs about marriage and family are often...
Mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors: a looming obstacle for long-term antiretroviral therapy?

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors suppress HIV replication by blocking reverse transcriptase, an RNAdependent DNA polymerase. These drugs can also affect cellular and mitochondrial DNA polymerases. Mitochondrial DNA polymerase g is particularly sensitive to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and the majority of adverse effects caused by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are most likely caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. This article reviews the recent clinical implications of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced mitochondrial toxicity and discusses options for management. Curr Opin Infect Dis 13:5‐11.
Mechanical studies of hydrogel encapsulated membranes

We have encapsulated lipid bilayer membranes within a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate hydrogel (PEG-DMA). These hydrogel encapsulated membranes (HEMs) are significantly longer-lived and more mechanically stable than traditional lipid membranes. Over 50 attempts, HEMs usually remained intact for over 48 hours, and some lasted up to 5 days. The electrical characteristics of the HEMs were consistently stable over this period of time. The approximate thickness of the HEM was measured to be 4.7±0.5 nm (n=25), consistent with a lipid bilayer. The resistance of the HEM remained over 10 GΩ over the period of electrical measurement. Simultaneous electrical and optical measurements showed that HEMs have unusual mechanical stability, whereas free-standing lipid membranes are typically susceptible to mechanical perturbation. The HEMs could withstand much greater applied pressures than unsupported membranes. In situ electrical and optical monitoring of the HEMs showed that the gel made intimate contact with the membrane, suggesting that direct mechanical support of the bilayer is the mechanism of membrane stabilization. Single channels of alpha-hemolysin, were incorporated into HEMs and continuously measured for over 4 days. Finally, combination of the HEM with an automated membrane microfluidic formation process is proposed as a prototype platform for high throughput drug screening or small molecule sensing.
Migration, Urbanization and Health

Rural-to-urban migration is a significant driver of urbanization in the developing world. The motivations for rural-to-urban migration typically include economic and educational opportunities, but migrants – most of whom are young adults – may also move for personal reasons. Leaving the family home affords increased autonomy and anonymity, especially amidst the more permissive social norms in the city versus the village. The relationship between rural-to-urban migration and health involves three key mechanisms. First, the health status of migrants may differ from that of their non-migrant counterparts at origin before they move. Indeed, a healthy migrant phenomenon has been empirically shown. Second, rural-to-urban migration may affect physical and mental health status, because migrants are exposed to new risks and benefits in urban destinations. Finally, health status may determine which migrants stay at destination and which return to origin: less healthy migrants may be more likely to return. This selection mechanism has been called “salmon bias” in the literature, but we label it “Midnight Train” effect due to the apt description in the song’s lyrics about a musician who moved from his native Georgia to Los Angeles to become a “superstar, but he didn’t get far” and decides to “go back to the life he once knew.” Differentiating these three mechanisms presents formidable methodological challenges for studying the impact of migration on health. A longitudinal research design makes it possible to ascertain selection effects of rural-to-urban migration and return migration, and also to observe changes in health status that occur from pre- to post-migration.
What Predicts Children’s Fixed and Growth Intelligence Mind-Sets? Not Their Parents’ Views of Intelligence but Their Parents’ Views of Failure

Children’s intelligence mind-sets (i.e., their beliefs about whether intelligence is fixed or malleable) robustly influence their motivation and learning. Yet, surprisingly, research has not linked parents’ intelligence mind-sets to their children’s. We tested the hypothesis that a different belief of parents—their failure mind-sets—may be more visible to children and therefore more prominent in shaping their beliefs. In Study 1, we found that parents can view failure as debilitating or enhancing, and that these failure mind-sets predict parenting practices and, in turn, children’s intelligence mind-sets. Study 2 probed more deeply into how parents display failure mind-sets. In Study 3a, we found that children can indeed accurately perceive their parents’ failure mind-sets but not their parents’ intelligence mind-sets. Study 3b showed that children’s perceptions of their parents’ failure mind-sets also predicted their own intelligence mind-sets. Finally, Study 4 showed a causal effect of parents’ failure ...
Application of Cranial Transparent Detection in Early Diagnosis of Purulent Meningitis with Subdural Effusion of Children and Laws of Meridians Reaction Points

Objective:To explore cranial transmittance detection in children with purulent meningitis complicated with subdural effusion in application of early diagnosis of.Methods:the hospital in 2011 1to August 42cases of cranial transmittance detection diagnosis for neonatal brain children were analyzed,of which31 cases were male,11 female;gestational age 37 weeks in 8 cases,37 weeks in 34 cases;13 cases of cesarean section,vaginal delivery in 29 cases.Children disease time number 4D 3 cases,7d4~18,8 ~2 14d cases,15 to28d in 19 cases.Light detection result of cranial CSF in 42 patients with the appearance of a clear,slightly miscible or turbid,accompanied by jaundice,pale yellow,WBC(20~100)×106/ L19 cases,(100-1000)×106/ L20 cases,1000×106/ L 3 cases,N60%~70%13cases,70%~80% in 17 cases,9 cases of 80%,L 85% in 3 cases.Conclusion:intracranial light detection in children with purulent meningitis complicated with subdural effusion early diagnosis has better application effect.
Synchrotron Radiation Study of Inclusion in Natural Diamond

The inclusions in natural diamond are studied by synchrotron radiation white light topography and fluorescent analysis.The experimental results show that,there are several defects such as much tiny inclusion and a large number of dislocation.Some of the inclusions have been studied,and the characteristic vectors of the dislocation from the inclusions have been determined.
Separation of human protein C from components of transgenic milk using immobilized metal affinity chromatography.

Human Protein C (PC) is an important Vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant and antithrombotic in the human bloodstream. Deficiency in any of the Vitamin K-dependent proteins will disturb hemostasis (Bruley, 1990). A deficiency of PC may cause unnecessary, dangerous blood clots to occur in various parts of the body. A common location of a blood clot due to PC deficiency is in a deep vein in the leg, thereby congesting the blood flow within the vein of the leg. The blood may reach the heart via an alternate route if a particular vein has a clot. However, the congestion will eventually do its damage by disturbing the overall blood flow, similar to how a traffic jam disturbs the overall flow of traffic, despite the fact that alternate routes are available. Due to a lack of oxygen and nutrient transport to the tissue surrounding the clot, the tissue could die, potentially resulting in the amputation of the leg, or even death in some cases (Seligsohn, 1987). It is also possible that blood clots due to PC deficiency could occur in other parts of the body. A blood clot in the brain may deprive it of necessary oxygen, possibly resulting in major brain damage, if not death. A blood clot near the heart may lead to a heart attack, which will most probably result in death.
Isolation and identification of an EV71-B5subtype virus

Objective To study the whole genome sequence analysis and the homology for the first isolation of EV71genotype B5(XMCDC-5535)in southern China.Methods Phylogenetic relationships in the 5'UTR region and the VP1gene indicated that the XMCDC-5535was closely related to EV71-B5.To study the complete genome sequence,the homology with the other subtypes of EV71and evolutionary relationships with other EV71-B5strains.Results Following culture,the complete genome sequence(7325bp,GenBank access number JN964686)was successfully amplified,which had 96.3%~97.3% homology to that of sub-genotype B5and was higher than other sub-genotypes(A:76%;B1~B4: 84.1%~91.8%;C1~C5:75.1%~78.5%).Conclusions EV71genotype B5was first isolation in southern China and the epidemic surveillance should be strengthen in the future.
Fix Me Up: Repairing Access-Control Bugs in Web Applications

Access-control policies in Web applications ensure that only authorized users can perform security-sensitive operations. These policies usually check user credentials before executing actions such as writing to the database or navigating to privileged pages. Typically, every Web application uses its own, hand-crafted program logic to enforce access control. Within a single application, this logic can vary between different user roles, e.g., administrator or regular user. Unfortunately, developers forget to include proper access-control checks, a lot. This paper presents the design and implementation of FIXMEUP, a static analysis and transformation tool that finds access-control errors of omission and produces candidate repairs. FIXMEUP starts with a high-level specification that indicates the conditional statement of a correct access-control check and automatically computes an interprocedural access-control template (ACT), which includes all program statements involved in this instance of accesscontrol logic. The ACT serves as both a low-level policy specification and a program transformation template. FIXMEUP uses the ACT to find faulty access-control logic that misses some or all of these statements, inserts only the missing statements, and ensures that unintended dependences did not change the meaning of the access-control policy. FIXMEUP then presents the transformed program to the developer, who decides whether to accept the proposed repair. Our evaluation on ten real-world PHP applications shows that FIXMEUP is capable of finding subtle accesscontrol bugs and performing semantically correct repairs.