cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rheological properties of blueberry puree for processing applications

Abstract Rheological properties of purees made from small fruits like blueberries are important for application in handling and thermal processing where their physical and/or chemical attributes can be altered. Flow of purees made from highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was investigated in the 10–1000 s−1 shear rate range with the objective of determining the influence of temperature and solids content on the rheological properties. The rheological behavior was well described by the three-parameter Sisko model. The activation energy of flow ( E a ) calculated with respect to apparent viscosity at 100 s−1 increased from 11.4 to 17.1 kJ/mol for puree with 10% and 25% total soluble solids, respectively. When evaluated in terms of consistency coefficient, the activation energy varied between 10.7 and 21.7 kJ/mol within the same range of solid contents. For the conditions investigated, a mathematical model that is suitable for describing the influence of temperature and dissolved solids on the apparent viscosity of blueberry puree was obtained. The rheological behavior of 10–20 Brix blueberry puree was well predicted ( R 2 = 0.99 ). Further investigation is needed to improve the model to cover a wider Brix range.
The Growth and Transformation of American Ego Psychology

The roots of ego psychology trace back to Sigmund Freud's The Ego and the Id (1923) and "Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety" (1926), works followed by two additional fundaments, Anna Freud's The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936) and Heinz Hartmann's Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation (1939). It was brought to full flowering in post-World War II America by Hartmann and his many collaborators, and for over two decades it maintained a monolithic hegemony over American psychoanalysis. Within this framework the conceptions of the psychoanalytic psychotherapies evolved as specific modifications of psychoanalytic technique directed to the clinical needs of the spectrum of patients not amenable to psychoanalysis proper. This American consensus on the ego psychology paradigm and its array of technical implementations fragmented several decades ago, with the rise in America of Kohut's self psychology, geared to the narcissistic disorders, and with the importation from Britain of neo-Kleinian and object-relational perspectives, all coinciding with the rapid growth of the varieties of relational psychoanalysis, with its shift in focus to the two-person, interactive, and co-constructed transference-countertransference matrix. Implications of this intermingled theoretical pluralism (as contrasted with the unity of the once dominant ego psychology paradigm) for the evolution of the American ego psychology are spelled out.
A Pan-oramic view: insights into hominoid evolution through the chimpanzee genome

The draft sequence of the second primate genome, of the common chimpanzee Pan troglodytes, is now complete. Together with its sibling species the bonobo Pan paniscus, chimpanzees are our closest living relatives and the availability of their genome sequence provides countless opportunities for evolutionary studies. Determining the mechanisms and identifying the evolutionary forces that have shaped the genomes of Homo and Pan will be challenging, because they will depend on the identification of relevant genetic changes against a vast background of neutral differences. Linking differences between the genomes to phenotypic consequences in both species and their respective evolutionary trajectories will require the collaboration of researchers from diverse fields, ranging from genomics to behavioral sciences. Interpreting these genomic comparisons will depend crucially on expanding the chimpanzee phenotype data set and on the availability of high-quality tissue samples.
Breaking of conformal invariance and electromagnetic field generation in the Universe.

It is shown that the breaking of conformal invariance in quantum electrodynamics due to the trace anomaly results in the generation of long-wave electromagnetic fields during the inflationary stage of the evolution of the Universe. If the coefficient of the logarithmic charge renormalization is large (due to a large number of charged particles species), these primordial electromagnetic fields can be strong enough to create the observed galactic magnetic fields.
Interannual Variation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation during Austral Summer

Interannual variability of the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO), the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in the Tropics, is investigated during the extended austral summer season November‐March, which is when the MJO is most prominent. Indexes of the level of MJO activity are developed using outgoing longwave radiation and zonal wind analyses at 850 mb for 1974‐98. Based on these indexes, interannual variations in the level of MJO activity are found to be primarily associated with changes in the number of discrete MJO events each year and with changes in the intensity of intraseasonal convection across the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, where the MJO is normally prominent. An eastward shift of MJO activity east of the date line does occur during
Imperfect Replacement of Native Species by Non-Native Species as Pollinators of Endemic Hawaiian Plants

Native plant species that have lost their mutualist partners may require non-native pollinators or seed dispersers to maintain reproduction. When natives are highly specialized, however, it appears doubtful that introduced generalists will partner effectively with them. We used visitation observations and pollination treatments (experimental manipulations of pollen transfer) to examine relationships between the introduced, generalist Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus )a nd 3e ndemic Hawaiian plant species (Clermontia parvi- flora, C. montis-loa ,a ndC. hawaiiensis). These plants are characterized by curved, tubular flowers, apparently adapted for pollination by curve-billed Hawaiian honeycreepers. Z. japonicus were responsible for over 80% of visits to flowers of the small-flowered C. parviflora and the midsize-flowered C. montis-loa. Z. japonicus-visited flowers set significantly more seed than did bagged flowers. Z. japonicus also demonstrated the potential to act as an occasional Clermontia seed disperser, although ground-based frugivory by non-native mammals likely dominates seed dispersal. The large-flowered C. hawaiiensis received no visitation by any birds during obser- vations. Unmanipulated and bagged C. hawaiiensis flowers set similar numbers of seeds. Direct examination of Z. japonicus and Clermontia morphologies suggests a mismatch between Z. japonicus bill morphology and C. hawaiiensis flower morphology. In combination, our results suggest that Z. japonicus has established an effective pollination relationship with C.parviflora and C.montis-loa and that the large flowers of C.hawaiiensis preclude effective visitation by Z. japonicus.
Quality Requirements of Soft Red Winter Wheat for Making Northern-Style Chinese Steamed Bread

Flours of 19 soft red winter (SRW) wheat varieties having protein contents of 6.6–9.9% were used to determine the suitability of SRW wheat for making northern-style Chinese steamed bread (CSB) and the influences of flour characteristics on the quality attributes of CSB. Fourteen varieties produced CSB of acceptable to good quality with a total score greater than 70. Both protein content and dough strength-related parameters, including sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDSS) volume, wet and dry gluten contents, and midline peak time (MPT), were significantly associated with the quality attributes of CSB. The rapid viscosity analyzer setback value exhibited significant negative correlations with specific volume, smoothness, crumb structure, and total score of CSB. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that 89% of variability in total scores of CSB could be predicted from SDSS volume, wet gluten content, and MPT. Contributions of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits 7*+8 and 5+10 to flour ch...
Paclobutrazol Concentration and Substrate Moisture Status Impact Efficacy of Liner Dips for Size Control of Three Bedding Plants

26%, and 11% smaller than the untreated controls, respectively. Petunia plants dipped in a 8 mgL –1 paclobutrazol solution with substrate moisture status of 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 50%, or 20% of container capacity were 11%, 8%, 25%, 30%, 41%, or 42% smaller than the untreated control, respectively (30 s dip duration, open-wall
Dynamic Behavior of Systems Under Computer Control

The subject of this book, as reflected in its title, is the control of thermal and mechanical systems. The controller to be used is of the computer type, and the overall objective is to learn the characteristics of computer controllers in order to apply them properly to these systems. The objective of Chapters 16 and 17 is to study the interface of the computer control and the thermal and mechanical system.
Cosyntropin-Stimulated Serum Free Cortisol in Healthy, Adrenally Insufficient, and Mildly Cirrhotic Populations

Context: Serum free cortisol (SFF) responses to cosyntropin simulation test (CST) may more accurately assess adrenal function than total cortisol (TF). Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of SFF responses during a 250-μg CST. Design: We recruited healthy volunteers (HV; n = 27), patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency (n = 19 and n = 24, respectively), and subjects with Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis (CH; n = 15). Each received 250 μg cosyntropin with measurement of ACTH and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) at time 0 and TF and SFF at 0, 30, and 60 minutes. Salivary cortisol was measured at all time points in CH subjects. Results: Peak SFF and TF were significantly higher in HVs vs both AI groups (P < .05). Peak SFF and TF (6.8 μg/dL vs 2.2 μg/dL; [188 nmol/L vs 62 nmol/L]; P < .01) were significantly higher in the secondary adrenal insufficiency vs primary adrenal insufficiency patients. The optimal peak SFF criterion to identify adrenal insuf...
On the positivity, monotonicity, and stability of a semi-adaptive LOD method for solving three-dimensional degenerate Kawarada equations

Abstract This paper concerns the numerical solution of three-dimensional degenerate Kawarada equations. These partial differential equations possess highly nonlinear source terms, and exhibit strong quenching singularities which pose severe challenges to the design and analysis of highly reliable schemes. Arbitrary fixed nonuniform spatial grids, which are not necessarily symmetric, are considered throughout this study. The numerical solution is advanced through a semi-adaptive Local One-Dimensional (LOD) integrator. The temporal adaptation is achieved via a suitable arc-length monitoring mechanism. Criteria for preserving the positivity and monotonicity are investigated and acquired. The numerical stability of the splitting method is proven in the von Neumann sense under the spectral norm. Extended stability expectations are proposed and investigated.
RAPID DECLINE IN LUNG FUNCTION AND INCIDENT HEART FAILURE: THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES STUDY

Abnormal lung function is associated with a heightened risk of heart failure (HF). Whether changes in lung function over time are associated with incident HF is not known. Among 10,868 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who were free of HF, we identified participants with
The Trouble with Voters and Those Who Try to Fix Them

The trouble with voters is that they lack information. When asked basic questions about policy and politics, few answer correctly. Many people are alarmed by this fact. They worry that such ignorance threatens their communities and nations. Some people are so concerned about the trouble with voters that they want to do something about it. They want to "fix" ignorant citizens. “Fixing” means providing citizens with information that increases their competence at important political tasks. Fixers come from many walks of life. They include policy advocates, moral leaders, experts on science and medicine, and scholars who study civic competence. All of them want to help citizens make better decisions.There is a trouble with fixers as well. They too lack information. Some are misinformed about how citizens think and learn. Others are mistaken about what kinds of information affects competence. These errors prevent fixers from achieving their objectives and undermine potentially valuable attempts to help the public.This book is about how to fix "fixers" and improve citizen competence as a result. To this end, I integrate many lessons from science and practice. I use these lessons identify common errors and to show fixers how to design more effective educational strategies.This book can fixers of all kinds better understand, measure, and deliver information that can help voters and improve many valuable civic competences.(This presentation features material from a book manuscript.)
Interference by Herbicidal Inhibitors of Electron Transport with Phosphorylation and Permeability Properties of Chloroplast Membranes

Many herbicides inhibit chloroplast electron transport by interfering with a proteinaceous component of the Qв complex located in the appressed granal membrane. Certain of these herbicides, designated inhibitory uncouplers, also interfere with photophosphorylation and affect other chloroplast-mediated responses, some of which involve components located in the nonappressed granal membrane. The inhibitory uncouplers can be divided into dinoseb (phenolic) types which contain dissociable protons and dicryl (acylanilide) types which are nonionic. The dinoseb types can function as protonophores and shuttle protons across the thylakoid membrane at low concentrations and can alter the integrity of semipermeable membranes at higher concentrations. However, the dicryl types only alter the integrity of the membranes. The inhibitory uncouplers, but not the DCMU-types of electron transport inhibitors: stimulated electron trans- port from DPIPH₂ to methyl viologen; inhibited valifiomycin-induced swelling of intact chloroplasts; increased the permeability of the chloroplast envelope to K⁺ in the absence of an ionophore; prevented energization of the thylakoid membrane by PS I; and increased the permeability of phosphatidyl choline liposomes to protons. Chlorination response patterns obtained with isomers of N-phenyl-2-methylpentanamides in the above reactions, in general, were similar for interference with the Qв complex, i.e., in all assays, dichlorination in the 3,4 or 3,5 positions was associated with maximum inhibitory potency, whereas substitution in an ortho position decreased inhibitory activity. With a series of 1-alkyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)ureas, maximum inhibition of electron transport was obtained with the butyl derivative, whereas maximum responses for uncoupling and membrane disturbances were obtained with the hexyl or octyl derivatives. Some of the interferences produced by inhibitory uncouplers may result from interactions with the lipoidal components of chloroplast membranes.
Recognition Versus Regulation

The United States was founded generally on a repugnance for and rebellion against excessive governmental interference in the lives and livelihoods of private citizens. Today, the American commitment to individual liberty remains essentially unchanged. The US government has little or no concern for the health, education, and welfare of its citizens. Health care, higher education, and legal justice are merely commodities in America. The US government and the multinational corporations, which increasingly control these, are exclusively concerned with extracting as much income as possible in the form of overt and covert taxation from the lower and middle classes, short of bankrupting too many of them in a single year and thus fomenting economic instability or political discontent. The default state of American private affairs, and arguably its primal state, is, therefore, non-regulatory. The cutting edge of professional philosophical practice is counseling and this is the focus of the primary initiative toward legislative recognition.
Asynchronous video interviews in the hospitality industry: Considerations for virtual employee selection

Abstract Hospitality organizations utilize a variety of selection tools to hire the best candidates. Traditionally, hospitality recruiters have relied on face-to-face interviews for choosing the most qualified candidates to represent the firm. While real-time Internet-based interviewing platforms are increasingly utilized among hospitality organizations, a cutting edge technology-based interviewing phenomenon has emerged: the use of asynchronous video interviews (AVIs). In order to conduct this modality of interviews, employers send text-based questions electronically and the candidate records his or her responses using a webcam via various proprietary software platforms. Following the promise of reduced costs and increased efficiencies, many organizations have adopted this modality of interviews; however, little research has been conducted regarding their effectiveness among both providers and users. Additionally, the appropriateness and alignment of AVI in the hospitality industry for the use of selecting service representatives should be investigated. In light of this, the present research examines the literature on interviewing modalities, predictive validity of selection tools, and electronic Human Resources and presents several propositions as well as an agenda for future research. Furthermore, the present research presents a conceptual model for AVI using the literature on electronic Human Resources as a backdrop.
Linking Ecology and Epidemiology to Understand Predictors of Multi-Host Responses to an Emerging Pathogen, the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus

Variation in host responses to pathogens can have cascading effects on populations and communities when some individuals or groups of individuals display disproportionate vulnerability to infection or differ in their competence to transmit infection. The fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been detected in almost 700 different amphibian species and is implicated in numerous global amphibian population declines. Identifying key hosts in the amphibian-Bd system–those who are at greatest risk or who pose the greatest risk for others–is challenging due in part to many extrinsic environmental factors driving spatiotemporal Bd distribution and context-dependent host responses to Bd in the wild. One way to improve predictive risk models and generate testable mechanistic hypotheses about vulnerability is to complement what we know about the spatial epidemiology of Bd with data collected through comparative experimental studies. We used standardized pathogen challenges to quantify amphibian survival and infection trajectories across 20 post-metamorphic North American species raised from eggs. We then incorporated trait-based models to investigate the predictive power of phylogenetic history, habitat use, and ecological and life history traits in explaining responses to Bd. True frogs (Ranidae) displayed the lowest infection intensities, whereas toads (Bufonidae) generally displayed the greatest levels of mortality after Bd exposure. Affiliation with ephemeral aquatic habitat and breadth of habitat use were strong predictors of vulnerability to and intensity of infection and several other traits including body size, lifespan, age at sexual maturity, and geographic range also appeared in top models explaining host responses to Bd. Several of the species examined are highly understudied with respect to Bd such that this study represents the first experimental susceptibility data. Combining insights gained from experimental studies with observations of landscape-level disease prevalence may help explain current and predict future pathogen dynamics in the Bd system.
Pulsed Laser Deposition of Epitaxial ZnSxSe1-x Thin Films for Waveguiding Applications in Mid-IR Active Multilayered Structures

Chromium doped II-VI semiconductors (such as ZnSe and ZnS) feature broad mid-IR emission in the 2-3 μm spectral range due to intershell transitions of the Cr2+ ions. These materials show much promise for development of a tunable, electrically-pumped, mid-IR laser source. For integration into a mid-IR active multilayered structure, the ternary alloy ZnSxSe1-x is an attractive waveguiding material due to its lattice-matching ability and lower index of refraction with respect to the Cr2+:ZnSe active material. Epitaxial growth of each layer is desired to achieve the electronic and optical properties necessary for successful integration into a lasing device, so a study was conducted on the effects of sulfur content and growth temperature on the crystal quality of the resulting thin films. Several films of ZnSxSe1-x were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using a 248 nm KrF excimer laser source at varying growth temperatures and with various compositional parameters onto (100) GaAs substrates. The samples were analyzed via x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x-rays (EDX) to investigate the crystal quality and elemental content of the films for device integration. Film-substrate epitaxy was achieved and upper bounds to the defect density were calculated for several regimes of compositional parameter and growth temperature. From all samples produced, the lowest defect density of 2.2 x 1010 cm-2 was observed for the x=0.06 film grown at 450°C, while the lowest lattice mismatch between the substrate and epilayer of 0.059% was observed for the x=0.02 film grown at 450°C.
Effect of Morphine Dose Size on the Conditioned Reinforcing Potency of Stimuli Paired with Morphine

After an initial operant level period, 22 rats were given non-contingent pairing of a buzzer with intravenous injections of morphine solution in doses of 0.0032 mg/kg, 0.032 mg/kg, and 0.32 mg/kg. The buzzer plus a saline infusion were then presented contingently on bar-pressing behavior. The results of this test indicated that buzzer plus saline infusion had acquired secondary reinforcing properties, the magnitude of which increased with increasing dosage of morphine. The results may be attributed to conditioned positive reinforcement, since no physical dependence was evident. The present findings also suggest that a stimulus can become a secondary reinforcer without being a discriminative stimulus for an operant.
Health and Self-Regulation among School-Age Children Experiencing Family Homelessness

Children in homeless families have high levels of adversity and are at risk for behavior problems and chronic health conditions, however little is known about the relationship between cognitive-emotional self-regulation and health among school-aged homeless children. Children (n = 86; mean age 10.5) living in shelters were assessed for health, family stress/adversity, emotional-behavioral regulation, nonverbal intellectual abilities, and executive function. Vision problems were the most prevalent health condition, followed by chronic respiratory conditions. Cumulative risk, child executive function, and self-regulation problems in children were uniquely related to child physical health. Homeless children experience problems with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral regulation as well as physical health, occurring in a context of high psychosocial risk. Several aspects of children's self-regulation predict physical health in 9- to 11-year-old homeless children. Health promotion efforts in homeless families should address individual differences in children's self-regulation as a resilience factor.
Improving quercetin dissolution and bioaccessibility with reduced crystallite sizes through media milling technique

Abstract Quercetin (QC) is a common bioflavonoid with low water solubility, which limits its oral bioavailability and in vivo beneficial functions. To enhance QC bioaccessibility, QC nanoparticles were produced using the media milling technology. Hydrophobically modified starch (HMS) was added with the ratio of 1:1 to QC as a stabilizer to prevent the agglomeration of QC particles. The QC nanodispersions were either spray-dried or freeze-dried after media milling process. Physicochemical characteristics of dried QC powders were measured through dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dissolution test and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The detailed crystallite structures were carefully analyzed. The TNO dynamic gastro-intestinal model-1 (TIM-1) was utilized to study the in vitro QC bioaccessibility by simulation of the digestive processes in the upper GI tract. This study suggests that media milling technique combined with spray/freeze-drying treatment is an efficient processing method for the development of crystalline nutraceuticals-based functional food products with reduced crystallite sizes and enhanced metastable equilibrium solubility, dissolution and bioaccessibility.
What is the Trend in Dance Education

(1948). What is the Trend in Dance Education? The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 472-514.
Real-time control of bulk ultrasound thermal ablation using echo decorrelation imaging feedback

In this study, the feasibility of controlling bulk ultrasound (US) thermal ablation using echo decorrelation imaging feedback was assessed in ex vivo bovine liver. US exposures (5–5.4 MHz, 8.2–8.5 s/cycle, 70–73% duty, 31–41 W/cm2 spatial-peak, temporal-peak intensity) and echo decorrelation imaging were performed by a linear image-ablate array. Preliminary experiments (N=86) were carried out to optimize a control region of interest (ROI) and determine the ablation control threshold. In controlled trials (N=13), 9 sonication cycles at 31.5 W/cm2 were followed by up to 9 cycles at 35.3 W/cm2, with treatments ending when the average cumulative echo decorrelation within the ROI exceeded the selected threshold. Controlled trials were compared with uncontrolled trials employing 9 (N=10) or 18 (N=10) cycles of the same sonication sequence. Resulting lesion dimensions and areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) were statistically compared. The control threshold was selected as −1.576 (log 10 -scaled decorrelation per ms), and was exceeded in 10 of the 13 controlled trials. Successfully controlled trials showed significantly greater average lesion area (3.66 cm2) and depth (14.7 mm) than 9-cycle (2.14 cm2, p=3×10−4; 8.3 mm, p=2×10−4) uncontrolled trials, less treatment time (113.1 s) than 18-cycle (147.6 s, p=2×10−5) uncontrolled trials, and greater prediction capability (AUC=0.858) than the combined 20 uncontrolled trials (AUC=0.628). These results indicate that echo decorrelation imaging is an effective approach to bulk US ablation control.
Characterization of Three Zebrafish Genes Related to Hox-7

Transcriptional regulators are thought to be involved in the mechanisms that generate body organization during vertebrate embryogenesis. Homeobox-containing genes (Hox genes) may serve this function since they are expressed in specific regions of the vertebrate embryo. A mouse Hox gene, Hox-7, was recently isolated that shows a unique pattern of expression compared to the previously described vertebrate Hox genes1,2. Hox-7 is expressed in the cephalic neural crest and its mesectodermal derivatives in the branchial arch region. Hox-7 transcripts are also detected in the distal region of mouse limb buds and, later, in the mesenchymal interdigital region1,2.
Information acquisition in diagnosis

We argue that the question selection processes used in the existing AI in Medicine programs are inadequate. We trace these inadequacies to their use of purely surface level models of disease and to the lack of planning in sequencing their inquiries. We then describe the information gathering component of ABEL (a program for Acid-Base and Electrolyte disturbances) with emphasis on its use of a causal model of a patient's illness in guiding its diagnostic inquiries.
DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY OF THE ACOUSTIC NONLINEAR PARAMETER

When two collinear acoustic beams with different frequencies are launched into a reactive nonlinear medium, waves at the difference frequency will be generated. This phenomenon has recently been put in use for tomographically imaging the acoustic non-linear parameter in biological specimens. However, in presently-researched reconstruction methods, the acoustic energy is assumed to travel in straight-line paths. In this paper, we describe an approach to take diffraction into account. The algorithmic formulation relies on the use of two simultaneous governing wave equations for the primary and difference-frequency waves. Approximations are introduced to make the reconstruction problem solvable. Results of computer simulations are also presented.
Do stronger measures of genomic connectedness enhance prediction accuracies across management units

Genetic connectedness assesses the extent to which estimated breeding values can be fairly compared across management units. Ranking of individuals across units based on best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is reliable when there is a sufficient level of connectedness due to a better disentangling of genetic signal from noise. Connectedness arises from genetic relationships among individuals. Although a recent study showed that genomic relatedness strengthens the estimates of connectedness across management units compared with that of pedigree, the relationship between connectedness measures and prediction accuracies only has been explored to a limited extent. In this study, we examined whether increased measures of connectedness led to higher prediction accuracies evaluated by a cross-validation (CV) based on computer simulations. We applied prediction error variance of the difference, coefficient of determination (CD), and BLUP-type prediction models to data simulated under various scenarios. We found that a greater extent of connectedness enhanced accuracy of whole-genome prediction. The impact of genomics was more marked when large numbers of markers were used to infer connectedness and evaluate prediction accuracy. Connectedness across units increased with the proportion of connecting individuals and this increase was associated with improved accuracy of prediction. The use of genomic information resulted in increased estimates of connectedness and improved prediction accuracies compared with those of pedigree-based models when there were enough markers to capture variation due to QTL signals.
Characteristics, associations, and outcomes of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Retrospective data over a period of 13 years from a university hospital.

e19563Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare life threatening disorder characterized by exaggerated immune response leading to multi-organ damage. Despite increasing recogni...
Listening for Intersectionality: How Disabled Persons’ Organisations Have Improved Recognition of Difference in Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme

Intersectionality is widely debated as a methodological problem. This detracts attention from the substantive sites of social injustice mapped by intersectionality scholarship. It also misrecognises the inroads made by civil society organisations that have mobilised for attention to intersectionality in policymaking and service delivery. This chapter analyses the extent to which claims for recognition of intersectionality made by Disabled Persons Organisations (DPOs) are heard in disability policy and related policy fields. Social justice listening is offered as a methodology for policy research and analysis that addresses some of the challenges identified with applying intersectionality in practice. It finds that ongoing engagement between government and Disabled Peoples Organisations strengthens recognition of intersectionality.
Response to Kullmann on methods of socio-spatial analysis in urban design

While Kullmann (2018) and I are both speaking the language of landscape architecture, our points of reference and perspectives on the contemporary discourse of ‘urbanism’ are somewhat different. Fo...
Concepts in Splenic Surgery

Although the decision to perform splenectomy for hematologic disease is generally made by the treating hematologist, the surgeon must be conversant with the hematologic disorders to ensure that the patient: (1) has been preoperatively immunized with pneumococcal, meningococcal, and (when indicated) Hemophilus vaccine; (2) is hematologically optimized for surgery; and (3) is fit for conventional open splenectomy, as laparoscopic splenectomy may require prompt conversion to control hemorrhage.
Organometallic derivatives of the transition elements

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of a series of bis(arene)chromium(0) complexes have been investigated. Simple first order spectra are obtained in most cases, for which chemical shift assignments are reported. A significant reduction in J(HH)-values, relative to the free ligand, are observed for the complexed arenes; HH coupling is limited to adjacent hydrogen atoms. In fluorobenzene complexes, HF coupling is so diminished as not to be observed in the majority of our spectra. Meta disubstituted arenes, in which the substituents are not identical, yield two diastereomeric bis(arene)chromium(0) complexes from the metal atom synthesis which can be distinguished on the basis of their PMR spectra.
Research on Sedimentary Facies of the Upper Triassic Xiangxi Formation in Tongjiang Area of the North of Central Sichuan

Xiangxi formation of the upper Triassic in Sichuan basin is one of main reservoir bed for natural gas in this basin.The exploration situation is gratifying in recent years.According to the study of depositional environments of this formation,combining with the characters of formation and petrology,we think that the sedimentary facies of this formation is the depositional association of the humid fan facies,river facies and lacustrine facies.Material sources are moved into the lake by alluvial fans and rivers.Gravelly bars,sandy and gravelly bars,sandy bars,shore lakes,shoals of shallow lake fans, bars and onshore sands,mud terraces,and marsh microfacies are developed;moreover,by the classification and character of the sedimentary facies,subfacies and microfacies of each related epoch in the investigation area,we sum the sedimentary environment and characters of development and evolution of facies in this area up as a aggregative model of the humid alluvial fan-braided river and meander-lacustrine environment evolution.
“Learning Our Way Through”: Critical Professional Development for Social Justice in Teacher Education

While research indicates that critical professional development (CPD) can function as an alternative to dominant forms of top-down, anti-dialogical professional learning in K-12 settings, there is ...
‘Is global warming affecting the weather?’ Evidence for increased attribution beliefs among coastal versus inland US residents

Increasingly, researchers studying public beliefs about global warming have turned to the question of whether individuals have begun to perceive changes to their local climate conditions and to wha...
Priming and Propagating Anti-tumor Immunity: Focal Hypofractionated Radiation for in Situ Vaccination and Systemic Targeted Radionuclide Theranostics for Immunomodulation of Tumor Microenvironments

Recent preclinical and clinical studies have elucidated mechanisms whereby radiation therapy influences the anti-tumor immune response. Immunogenic cell death and phenotypic changes in tumor cells surviving radiation may underlie this effect and contribute to the capacity of radiation to elicit an in situ tumor vaccine effect. In situ vaccination is a therapeutic strategy that seeks to convert a patient's own tumor into a source of enhanced antigen recognition for the purpose of augmenting a systemic anti-tumor immune response. Capitalizing on the in situ vaccine effect of radiation, several groups have demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical models by combining radiation with immune checkpoint blockade. Local delivery of immune adjuvants and/or immune stimulatory cytokines via direct injection into the radiated tumor microenvironment may further increase the in situ vaccine capacity of radiation therapy. However, recent studies suggest that in some contexts this effect is antagonized by the presence of distant untreated sites of disease that may dampen the systemic immune response generated by in situ vaccination through a phenomenon termed concomitant immune tolerance. Concomitant immune tolerance may be overcome by delivering radiation to all sites of metastatic disease, however this is often not possible to safely achieve using external beam radiation therapy without considerable risk of lymphopenia that would negate the immune effects of in situ vaccination. For patients with widespread metastatic disease, alternative strategies may include systemic treatment with targeted radionuclide therapies alone or in combination with an external beam radiation therapy-based in situ vaccine approach.
Model Projection: Theory and Applications to Fair Machine Learning

We study the problem of finding the element within a convex set of conditional distributions with the smallest f-divergence to a reference distribution. Motivated by applications in machine learning, we refer to this problem as model projection since any probabilistic classification model can be viewed as a conditional distribution. We provide conditions under which the existence and uniqueness of the optimal model can be guaranteed and establish strong duality results. Strong duality, in turn, allows the model projection problem to be reduced to a tractable finite-dimensional optimization. Our application of interest is fair machine learning: the model projection formulation can be directly used to design fair models according to different group fairness metrics. Moreover, this information-theoretic formulation generalizes existing approaches within the fair machine learning literature. We give explicit formulas for the optimal fair model and a systematic procedure for computing it.
Art Historical Research In Ghana: Reflections On The State And Direction Of Scholarship

This essay is my reflections on the history and present state of the art-historical scholarship about Ghanaian art, both indigenous and contemporary. While it highlights the significant milestones ...
Effectiveness of Continuous High-Frequency Oscillation Therapy for Lung Recruitment in Pediatric Critical Care Patients

Background: Continuous high-frequency oscillation therapy (CHFO) delivers rapid sub-tidal-volume bursts of gas during spontaneous and assisted ventilation, increasing mean airway pressure, dilating distal airways, and facilitating airway clearance. Use of CHFO has demonstrated improved radiologic findings following one day of therapy. We sought to identify whether CHFO is effective in intubated patients with documented atelectasis. We hypothesize CHFO use is associated with decreased atelectasis and ventilation parameters. Methods: A respective analysis of intubated patients from the cardiac or pediatric intensive care units receiving CHFO between January 2015 and February 2018. Differences determined by χ2 analyses expressed as (n, %) for categorical data and Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test for continuous variables presented as Median [interquartile range]. Chest x-rays were graded using a scale from -1 (worsening), 0 (unchanged), and 1 (improved atelectasis). Overall and unit specific rates of improvement were compared using radiographic reports prior to, first, and second-day post CHFO therapy. Deterioration was combined with no change group then evaluated for improvement following 1 then 2 days of CHFO. Results: One hundred four patients were included in the study. Cardiac intensive care patients were, younger, had higher incidence of surgery, inhaled nitric oxide, higher set respiratory rates, and lower saturations (Table 1). Ninety patients (86%) had chest radiographs categorized as worsening or unchanged prior to CHFO therapy. The cohort had a 46.1% (41/89; P
Tobias Pontara, Andrei Tarkovsky’s Sounding Cinema: Music and Meaning from Solaris to The Sacrifice

Tobias Pontara, Andrei Tarkovsky’s Sounding Cinema: Music and Meaning from Solaris to The SacrificeAbingdon, UK. Routledge, 2020. [206pp. ISBN: 9780367277291. $124.00 (hardback)]. Musical examples, photos, bibliography, index.
Physical Activity Among Predominantly White Middle-Aged and Older US Adults During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Results From a National Longitudinal Survey

Background: The first COVID-19 case in the US was diagnosed late January 2020. In the subsequent months, cases grew exponentially. By March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19) was a global pandemic and the US declared a national emergency. To mitigate transmission, federal guidelines were established for social and physical distancing. These events disrupted daily routines of individuals around the world, including Americans. The impact of the pandemic on PA patterns of Americans is largely unknown, especially among those at greater risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess levels of PA over time during the pandemic among US adults aged >50 years. Methods: Data were collected as part of a web-based, longitudinal, 3-wave study examining health and well-being among adults aged > 50. PA data were collected at Waves 2 and 3 using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). At Wave 2 (conducted mid-May to early June, 2020), participants completed the IPAQ-SF twice, once in reference to a typical 7-day period before the pandemic, and again in reference to the past 7 days. At Wave 3 (conducted mid-June to early July 2020), participants completed the IPAQ-SF once, with reference to the past 7 days. Potential predictors of PA change were collected using items from previously established surveys and included demographic characteristics, pre-pandemic PA levels, perceived COVID-19 threat, self-rated general health, and number of chronic disease conditions. Results: Respondents (N = 589) had a mean age of 63 ± 7.39 years and were mostly female (88%) and non-Hispanic White (96%). Mean MET-min/week across the three time-referents were 2,904 (pre-pandemic), 1,682 (Wave 2 past 7-days), and 2,001 (Wave 3 past 7-days), with PA declining between the first and second time referents (d = -0.45, p 50 years until the risk of contracting COVID-19 subsides. In the post-pandemic era, PA programming will be imperative to address pandemic-associated declines in PA.
Police Officers’ Attitudes Toward Mental Health and Crisis Intervention: Understanding Preparedness to Respond to Community Members in Crisis

The lack of robust mental health programs throughout the USA has resulted in police frequently being responsible for responding to calls about people with mental illness who are in crisis. Working with people with mental illness as offenders or as individuals needing emergency assistance is a regular part of the job for many in law enforcement, yet specialized training is not a regular part of most academy or in-service training curricula. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs consist of a 40-h training for police and mental health personnel. The programs teach officers about mental illness, its causes and symptoms, and focuses on de-escalation tactics and use of available community resources as alternatives to criminal justice outcomes for calls. The current study explores officers’ feelings of preparedness to work with community members with mental illness and their levels of endorsement of mental health stigma. Researchers surveyed police from nine different local departments in southern New Jersey. Half of the surveyed officers completed CIT training, allowing for comparisons between officers who were trained and those who were not. Results indicate that the CIT-trained officers were more likely to endorse different types of mental health stigma than non-trained officers, but those who were CIT-trained reported feeling better prepared for calls involving people with mental illness.
Valuation Using Hedonic Pricing Models

Buildings can be compared to a bundle of goods sold in a market, where each of the building characteristics combined equate to the expected overall transaction value. By collecting data on many different buildings a regression analysis can be used to determine the correlation (relationship) of each characteristic to the transaction price —e.g. physical characteristics and other external influencing elements that may add or subtract from the building value. Each of these correlations can be measured to determine a degree of confidence (i.e. significance) and then subsequently be used to build a hedonic pricing model. Hedonic pricing models can be useful to determine the intrinsic value of each attribute, as well as to predict transaction prices. This can be particularly useful when traditional discounted cash flow models fall short because of the absence of a market, when no comparable buildings exist, and for nonincome generating buildings.
Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on recurrence, survival, and quality of life in stage II colon cancer patients: a 24-month follow-up

The purpose of this cohort study was to investigate the association of adjuvant chemotherapy with quality of life (QoL), survival, and recurrence over the 24 months following diagnosis in stage II colon cancer patients. Overall, 453 patients were recruited from North Carolina from 2009 to 2011 and interviewed with a closed-ended survey detailing quality of life, health behaviors, treatment, and cancer recurrence at three times points: diagnosis, 12-, and 24-months post-diagnosis; mortality was obtained via the National Death Index. In sum, 265 patients received chemotherapy. Receipt of chemotherapy exhibited an inverse association with total Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment (FACT)-General (P < 0.01), FACT-Colorectal (P < 0.01), physical (P < 0.01), emotional (P = 0.02), and functional (P < 0.01) well-being; the inverse association between receiving chemotherapy and emotional well-being persisted for Caucasians but not African Americans (P interaction = 0.049). Those who received chemotherapy demonstrated significantly higher odds of cancer recurrence (odds ratio (OR) 2.74; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 6.35) and all-cause mortality (OR: 1.95; 95 % CI: 1.05, 3.62). In this study, stage II colon cancer patients who received chemotherapy treatment were more likely to have poor QoL, recurrence, and all-cause mortality after 24 months compared to those who did not receive chemotherapy. Future research focusing on subtypes of chemotherapy treatment, as well as a longer follow-up period, is needed.
Environmental federalism : a panacea or Pandora's box for developing countries?

This paper provides new empirical evidence to the debate on the optimal locus of power over environmental policymaking in developing countries. The authors develop a simple lobby group model with mobile capital. The model predicts that a decentralized institutional structure leads to weaker environmental policy due to more intensive lobbying by capital owners and workers. They test this prediction using novel cross-sectional developing country data. The results are consistent with the prediction of the model, in particular for air pollution policies. The authors also find that the effect of decentralization declines with a greater degree of trade openness. They believe this is the first developing country evidence on the environmental policy effects of federalism.