cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SLPMiner: an algorithm for finding frequent sequential patterns using length-decreasing support constraint

Over the years, a variety of algorithms for finding frequent sequential patterns in very large sequential databases have been developed. The key feature in most of these algorithms is that they use a constant support constraint to control the inherently exponential complexity of the problem. In general, patterns that contain only a few items will tend to be interesting if they have good support, whereas long patterns can still be interesting even if their support is relatively small. Ideally, we need an algorithm that finds all the frequent patterns whose support decreases as a function of their length. In this paper we present an algorithm called SLPMiner that finds all sequential patterns that satisfy a length-decreasing support constraint. Our experimental evaluation shows that SLPMiner achieves up to two orders of magnitude of speedup by effectively exploiting the length-decreasing support constraint, and that its runtime increases gradually as the average length of the sequences (and the discovered frequent patterns) increases.
The determinants of a culture of partying among managers in the hotel industry.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the apparent norm of partying that persists in the hotel industry despite evidence suggesting it can negatively affect both employees and organizations.Design/methodology/approach – Telephone surveys of 544 managers from 65 hotels were conducted. Multiple regression analyses and analyses of variance were performed to examine the extent to which differences in hotel organizational culture, hotel classification, hotel corporate organization, hotel size and manager age affect the extent to which employees spend time gathering and partying with their work colleagues outside work.Findings – The paper finds that in hotels with organizational culture oriented towards work and family balance, managers displayed less partying behavior. It also finds that such work and family culture may vary based on certain hotel corporate organizations, hotel location classifications, and hotel sizes, because partying behavior significantly varies based on such corporate, locatio...
A welfare economic analysis of labor market policies in the Harris–Todaro model

This paper presents a welfare economic analysis of the benefits of various labor market policies in the Harris–Todaro labor market model. The policies considered are a policy of modern sector job creation, which I call modern sector enlargement (MSENL); a policy of rural development, which I call traditional sector enrichment (TSENR); and a policy of wage limitation in the urban economy, which I call modern sector wage restraint (MSWR). First, I analyze the inequality effects of these policies. I then perform two welfare economic analyses, the first based on summary measures of labor market conditions (total labor earnings, unemployment, inequality of labor incomes, and poverty rates) and the second based on dominance analysis in the labor market, in both cases assuming that the costs are borne elsewhere. The results of the welfare analyses are compared, and it is shown that TSENR unambiguously increases welfare in the labor market using both approaches, the other policies yield ambiguous results, and no policy is unambiguously welfare-decreasing.
Regulation of Maternal mRNAs in Early Development

Most sexually reproducing metazoans are anisogamous, meaning that the two gametes that combine during fertilization differ greatly in size. By convention, the larger gametes are considered female and are called ova, while the smaller gametes are male and are called sperm. In most cases, both gametes contribute similarly to the chromosomal content of the new organism. In contrast, the maternal gamete contributes nearly all of the cytoplasm. This cytoplasmic contribution is crucial to patterning early development; it contains the maternal proteins and transcripts that guide the early steps of development prior to the activation of zygotic transcription. This review compares and contrasts early development in common laboratory model organisms in order to highlight the similarities and differences in the regulation of maternal factors. We will focus on the production and reversible silencing of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis, their asymmetric activation after fertilization, and their subsequent clearance at the midblastula transition. Where possible, insights from mechanistic studies are presented.
Quantifying Individual Potential Contributions of the Hybrid Sulfur Electrolyzer

The hybrid sulfur cycle has been investigated as a means to produce clean hydrogen efficiently on a large scale by first decomposing H 2 SO 4 to SO 2 , O 2 , and H 2 O and then electrochemically oxidizing S0 2 back to H 2 SO 4 with the cogeneration of H 2 . Thus far, it has been determined that the total cell potential for the hybrid sulfur electrolyzer is controlled mainly by water transport in the cell. Water is required at the anode to participate in the oxidation of SO 2 to H 2 SO 4 and to hydrate the membrane. In addition, water transport to the anode influences the concentration of the sulfuric acid produced. The resulting sulfuric acid concentration at the anode influences the equilibrium potential of and the reaction kinetics for SO 2 oxidation and the average conductivity of the membrane. A final contribution to the potential loss is the diffusion of SO 2 through the sulfuric acid to the catalyst site. Here, we extend our understanding of water transport to predict the individual contributions to the total cell potential.
Treatment of a Solitary Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Mass by CT-Guided Direct Intralesional Injection of Corticosteroid

A case is reported of 38-year-old woman with chest pain attributedto a left lung sarcoidosis mass. The mass failed to diminish andsymptoms failed to resolve with systemic corticosteroid therapy. CT-guided direct intralesional transthoracic injection of dexamethasoneresulted in resolution of the patient's symptoms and a dramaticreduction in the size of the mass within 2 months.
Biplots in biomedical research

The biplot is a graphical display of multivariate data. A number of examples from biomedical research illustrate its use. Biplots allow for inspection of data preliminary to formal analysis, and can follow an analysis by the graphical inspection of residuals. The simplicity and intuitive appeal of these displays is stressed. An appendix indicates their method of construction and the software for producing them.
An active self-steering array using self-oscillating mixers

A retrodirective array using self-oscillating mixers (SOMs) is presented. SOMs allow for easier implementation of larger two-dimensional arrays by eliminating the complex local-oscillator (LO) feed structure. A four-element linear retrodirective array using SOMs is demonstrated at a LO frequency of 8.87 GHz. Each element is successfully phased locked at the LO frequency while 33 dB of isolation between adjacent elements is measured at the RF frequency. The LO power generated by a single SOM element at the fundamental frequency is +3 dBm. Retrodirectivity is successfully observed for scattering angles of -30/spl deg/, 0/spl deg/, and +15/spl deg/.
Hemothorax in type I neurofibromatosis

We report a case of life-threatening hemothorax caused by rupture of a left thyrocervical trunk aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula in a patient with type I neurofibromatosis. This lesion was treated with endovascular coil embolization.
Candidate subglacial volcanoes in the south polar region of Mars: Morphology, morphometry, and eruption conditions

[1] A number of isolated mountains mapped in the south polar region of Mars are documented using Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) data. These mountains have average separation distances of ∼175 km, they are typically 30–40 km in diameter and 1000–1500 m high, and their bases fall near an elevation of ∼1200 m. A significant number of the population are located on or very close to a 660 km long line extending toward the south pole. The summits of a number of these mountains have unusual shapes: flat-topped, flat-topped with a cone, and large summit craters relative to the summit diameter. Sinuous channels are found in association with the margins of several of the mountains. Several modes of origin are considered for these mountains, including impact, tectonic, and volcanic. These mountains occur in intimate association with the Hesperian-aged Dorsa Argentea Formation, a unit containing features and structures interpreted to be related to a thick, areally extensive ice sheet. On the basis of these observations and analyses it is concluded that the most plausible origin for these mountains is volcanic and that they represent extrusion of lava from vents, many of which lay underneath an ice sheet. The unusual shape of many of the mountains is consistent with construction of a volcanic edifice underneath an ice sheet and melting of adjacent ice-rich material, sometimes forming drainage channels. The topography of these mountains suggests that the ice sheet averaged at least 1.4 km thick at the time of eruption. These features appear to be associated with Early Hesperian-aged ridged plains (Hr).
Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control

To investigate the neural mechanisms of food motivation in children and adolescents, and examine brain activation differences between healthy weight (HW) and obese participants. Ten HW children (ages 11–16; BMI 95%ile) matched for age, gender and years of education. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were conducted twice: when participants were hungry (pre-meal) and immediately after a standardized meal (post-meal). During the fMRI scans, the participants passively viewed blocked images of food, non-food (animals) and blurred baseline control. Both groups of children showed brain activation to food images in the limbic and paralimbic regions (PFC/OFC). The obese group showed significantly greater activation to food pictures in the PFC (pre-meal) and OFC (post-meal) than the HW group. In addition, the obese group showed less post-meal reduction of activation (vs pre-meal) in the PFC, limbic and the reward-processing regions, including the nucleus accumbens. Limbic and paralimbic activation in high food motivation states was noted in both groups of participants. However, obese children were hyper-responsive to food stimuli as compared with HW children. In addition, unlike HW children, brain activations in response to food stimuli in obese children failed to diminish significantly after eating. This study provides initial evidence that obesity, even among children, is associated with abnormalities in neural networks involved in food motivation, and that the origins of neural circuitry dysfunction associated with obesity may begin early in life.
Pre-analytic variables and phospho-specific antibodies: the Achilles heel of immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry is the most common method for companion diagnostic testing in breast cancer. The readings for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2 directly affect prescription of critical therapies. However, immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive to innumerable pre-analytic variables that result in loss of signal in these assays. Perhaps the most significant pre-analytic variable is cold ischemic time. The work of Pinhel and colleagues in the previous issue of Breast Cancer Research examines the effects of cold ischemic time and finds a chilling result. The authors show that while the classic markers may be only mildly affected, phospho-specific markers are highly sensitive to this artifact. As a result, it is likely that future companion diagnostic tests that include phospho-specific epitopes will be reliably done only in core needle biopsies that minimize ischemic time.
A deduced gene product from the Drosophila neurogenic locus, Enhancer of split, shows homology to mammalian G-protein β subunit

Abstract The correct segregation of neural from epidermal lineages in Drosophila embryogenesis depends on the activity of the six zygotic "neurogenic" genes. One of the neurogenic genes, Enhancer of split , is particularly noteworthy in its genetic interactions with Notch and Delta , which both appear to code for transmembrane proteins with homology to the epidermal growth factor. Transformation experiments have demonstrated the cloning of sequences necessary for Enhancer of split gene function. We report here that the gene product derived from DNA sequencing shows homology to the β subunit of mammalian G proteins and CDC4 , a yeast cell cycle gene. We demonstrate that expression of the transcripts relates to the developing central nervous system. These data suggest a mechanism of interaction between the gene products of Notch and Enhancer of split .
In defense of the role of a religiously informed bioethics.

In his article “In Defense of Irreligious Bioethics,” Timothy Murphy advocates for a vigorous irreligious outlook for bioethics (2012). His strong disagreement with work calling on bioethics to pay...
Observation of a C-1s core exciton in diamond.

A well-resolved core exciton at the bulk diamond C-$1s$ absorption edge has been observed using high-resolution partial-yield spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. The obtained excitonic binding energy, 0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015 eV, agrees well with a first-principles effective-mass approximation (EMA). This is in sharp contrast to other semiconductors (Si, Ge, and GaAs) where reported excitonic shifts far exceed EMA estimates. In light of these results, one must question whether previous measurements overestimate the core-hole interaction or if they indicate a breakdown of the EMA for core excitons.
Abstract C171: TriplatinNC, a nucleolar-targeting platinum agent. Heparan sulfate-mediated cell entry, localization, and apoptosis.

TriplatinNC, a “non-covalent” derivative of the phase II clinical drug BBR3464, exhibits a distinct mode of DNA binding mediated through “phosphate clamps”, which display structural analogy to the “polyarginine” (arginine fork) DNA/RNA recognition motif. TriplatinNC shows an improved pharmacokinetic profile and increased cellular accumulation compared to BBR3464. Furthering the “polyarginine” analogy, the cellular accumulation of TriplatinNC, unlike cisplatin or oxaliplatin, is dependent upon the presence of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), shown through comparison of platinum level accumulation in wild-type Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines to those lacking heparan sulfate (CHO-pgsD-677) or both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate (CHO-pgsA-745). The cellular localization of TriplatinNC and cisplatin was visualized in confocal microscopy experiments utilizing the fluorescently-tagged derivatives, TriplatinNC-NBD or cisplatin-NBD. TriplatinNC, but not cisplatin, shows distinct localization to the nucleolar region of human colon and ovarian carcinoma cell lines, HCT116 and A2780, respectively. It was hypothesized that this pattern of localization, combined with nucleic acid affinity, would allow TriplatinNC to disrupt rRNA synthesis, the primary function within the nucleolus. Using 32P-metabolic labeling to monitor the rate of pre-rRNA transcript formation after cellular treatment, it was observed that both 47S pre-RNA and processed rRNAs, 32S, 28S, and 18S levels decreased dramatically compared to the untreated control in a dose-dependent manner. While the localization and abundance of nucleolar proteins, RNA pol I and UBTF, were unaffected by treatments with TriplatinNC at early timepoints, levels of the clinical relevant proliferative marker Ki-67, decreased markedly within one hour post-treatment. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis, including reduction in cell size, membrane blebbing, and cytosolic vacuolization, become visible 10hrs after drug treatment. This apoptotic process is not dependent on p53, as western blot analysis showed cleavage of procaspases 8, 9, and 3, followed by Parp-1 in HCT116 p53+/+ and p53−/− cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C171.
Gestural beats: The rhythm hypothesis

Gestural beats are typically small up and down or back and forth flicks of one or both hands. It has been assumed by researchers hypothesizing about the interaction of beats and speech that beats coincide with verbal stress. Microanalysis shows that gestural beats are organized in rhythmic patterns and do not necessarily cooccur with stressed syllables as previously assumed. Tone group nuclei appear to function as gestational points for rhythmic groups, which supports the theory that thinking utilizes words as cognitive tools and provides evidence that in some cases entire tone units are formed in advance. Evidence of an interpersonal gestural rhythm is also presented.
Adult attention and interaction can increase moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity in young children

Evidence suggests that physical inactivity is prevalent among young children. To combat this, one recommendation for caregivers is to become actively involved in their child's physical activities. However, this general recommendation does not specify how or when a parent should become involved. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a functional analysis to identify a social consequence that would increase the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) exhibited by preschool-aged children, and then to compare the effects of that social consequence when it was provided contingent on MVPA and when provided independent of MVPA. The results of the functional analyses indicated that 3 of 7 children were most active when attention or interactive play was provided contingent on MVPA. Results of the intervention analysis suggested that caregivers of young children should provide attention or interactive play contingent on MVPA when those consequences are identified as reinforcers in a functional analysis.
Unsynchronized Cardioversion (Defibrillation)

Unsynchronized cardioversion or defibrillation is the delivery of a high-energy shock as soon as the button is pushed on defibrillator. This means it can be delivered anywhere in the cardiac cycle. By contrast, synchronized cardioversion (see Chap. 29) delivers a low-energy shock at the peak of the R wave in the cardiac (QRS) cycle.
Performance Characterization of Hypervisor-and Container-Based Virtualization for HPC on SR-IOV Enabled InfiniBand Clusters

Hypervisor (e.g. KVM) based virtualization has been used as a fundamental technology in cloud computing. However, it has the inherent performance overhead in the virtualized environments, more specifically, the virtualized I/O devices. To alleviate such overhead, PCI passthrough can be utilized to have exclusive access to I/O device. However, this way prevents the I/O device from sharing with multiple VMs. Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) technology has been introduced for high-performance interconnects such as InfiniBand to address such sharing issue while having ideal performance. On the other hand, with the advances in container-based virtualization (e.g. Docker), it is also possible to reduce the virtualization overhead by deploying containers instead of VMs so that the near-native performance can be obtained. In order to build high-performance HPC cloud, it is important to fully understand the performance characteristics of different virtualization solutions and virtualized I/O technologies on InfiniBand clusters. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation using IB verbs, MPI benchmarks and applications. We characterize the performance of hypervisor-and container-based virtualization with PCI passthrough and SR-IOV for HPC on InfiniBand clusters. Our evaluation results indicate that VM with PCI passthrough (VM-PT) outperforms VM with SR-IOV (VM-SR-IOV), while SR-IOV enables efficient resource sharing. Overall, the container-based solution can deliver better performance than the hypervisor-based solution. Compared with the native performance, container with PCI passthrough (Container-PT) only incurs up to 9% overhead on HPC applications.
MEASURING METABOLIC FUNCTION WITH PET: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of methodologic errors when PET is used for the quantitative measurement of regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglu). Methods: Performance of the analytic tests, which are the variables in the quantitative measurement of rCMRglu with PET, was evaluated. Results: For the scanner we evaluated, failure to perform daily calibration factor calculations was the single largest source of error. In addition, any variation in the accuracy or precision of patient plasma sample pipetting or plasma glucose level determinations, will result in corresponding changes in rCMRglu. Conclusions: Quantitative measurement of rCMRglu with PET requires close attention to laboratory skills, especially proper operation and maintenance of pipettes.
Soviet Rule under Lenin

On October 26 (November 8), 1917, the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets, with its Bolshevik majority, called for a Leninist version of peace without annexations and without indemnities, that is, not just a universal peace based on the prewar status quo, but the principle of the universal right to national self-determination for all politically subjugated peoples prior to the war. The actual resolution of the Second Congress read: In accordance with the sense of justice of democrats in general, and of the working classes in particular, the government [Soviet government] conceives the annexation or seizure of foreign lands to mean every incorporation of a small or weak nation into a large or powerful state without the precisely, clearly and voluntarily expressed consent and wish of that nation, irrespective of the time when such forcible incorporation took place, irrespective also of the degree of development or backwardness of the nation forcibly annexed to the given state, or forcibly retained within its borders, and irrespective, finally, of whether this nation is in Europe or in distant, overseas countries.
Extreme delta brush evolving into status epilepticus in a patient with anti-NMDA encephalitis

Extreme delta brush (EDB) is an EEG pattern unique to anti-NMDA encephalitis. It is correlated with seizures and status epilepticus in patients who have a prolonged course of illness. The etiology of the underlying association between EDB and seizures is not understood. We present a patient with anti-NMDA encephalitis who developed status epilepticus evolving from the high frequency activity of the extreme delta brush. This case demonstrates that EDB is not only a marker for a greater propensity for seizures but also directly implicated in seizure generation.
A modeling language generator for a discrete event simulation language in MATLAB

A discrete-event simulation language was implemented in MATLAB. The approach is similar to the process/command modeling paradigm utilized in GPSS and other languages that followed. The language is a MATLAB Script File (m-file) and can be part of a larger analysis package as a sub-function of an optimization/simulation system. The modeler builds the simulation through support functions provided in this system but must insert them in the proper locations of the MATLAB master function. To develop a proper model, it is necessary to understand the internal simulation structure using the switch/cases statement and where various aspects of the simulation structure are located. To simplify this process, a model generator has been developed which parses a model text file and produces the required MATLAB master simulation function. The model generator also reduces the magnitude of understanding of the implementation specifics of the MATLAB simulation language and makes proper model development easier.
An unusual relationship: the final encounter of Picasso and Matisse

Picasso and Matisse renewed their relationship in 1946 as the aging Matisse approached death. Picasso, ordinarily contemptuous of others and indifferent to their needs, revealed a markedly different attitude toward Matisse, whom he admired and whose affection and approbation he sought. The roots of Picasso's attitude are traced to his morbid concern about bodily deterioration and fear of death. Matisse, apparently serene in his confrontation with approaching death, represented an ideal to Picasso, a hoped-for remedy for anxiety, a confident paternal representation so unlike his father. Freud's view of death, poetically expressed in his paper, "On Transience," is a model for contrasting Picasso's "revolt . . . against mourning" with Matisse's sense of symbolic immortality.
12,000 Years Before Present: Domestication

Domestication of animals combines applied animal behavior, behavioral genetics, the principles of evolution, and experimentation through trial and error. Humans have applied the principles of these scientific approaches for millennia, only our expression of this as a science is relatively new.
BISCC: Efficient pre through post silicon validation of mixed-signal/RF systems using built in state consistency checking

High levels of integration in SoCs and SoPs is making pre as well as post-silicon validation of mixed-signal systems increasingly difficult due to: (a) lack of automated pre and postsilicon design checking algorithms and (b) lack of controllability and observability of internal circuit nodes in post-silicon. While digital scan chains provide observability of internal digital circuit states, analog scan chains suffer from signal integrity, bandwidth and circuit loading issues. In this paper, we propose a novel technique based on built-in state consistency checking that allows both pre as well as post-silicon validation of mixed-signal/RF systems without the need to rely on manually generated checks. The method is supported by a design-for-validation (DfV) methodology which systematically inserts a minimum amount of circuitry into mixed-signal systems for design bug detection and diagnosis purposes. The core idea is to apply two spectrally diverse stimuli to the circuit under test (CUT) in such a way that they result in the same circuit state (observed voltage/current values at internal or external circuit nodes). By comparing the resulting state values, design bugs are detected efficiently without the need for manually generated checks. No assumption is made about the nature of the detected bugs; the stimulus applied is steered towards those that are the most likely to detect design bugs. Test cases for both pre and post-silicon design bug detection and diagnosis prove the viability of the proposed BISCC approach.
The Role of Gas in Determining Image Quality and Resolution During In Situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Experiments

As gas-solid heterogeneous catalytic reactions are molecular in nature, a full mechanistic understanding of the process requires atomic scale characterization under realistic operating conditions. While atomic resolution imaging has become a routine in modern high-vacuum (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM), both image quality and resolution nominally degrade when reaction gases are introduced. In this work, we systematically assess the effects of different gases at various pressures on the quality and resolution of images obtained at room temperature in the annular dark field STEM imaging mode using a differentially pumped (DP) gas cell. This imaging mode is largely free from inelastic scattering effects induced by the presence of gases and retains good imaging properties over a wide range of gas mass/pressures. We demonstrate the application of the ESTEM with atomic resolution images of a complex oxide alkane oxidation catalyst MoVNbTeOx (M1) immersed in light and heavy gas environments.
Sentinels at the frontline: the role of intraepithelial lymphocytes in inflammatory bowel disease.

Intestinal mucosal immunity is tightly regulated to ensure effective host defense against invasive microorganisms while limiting the potential for aberrant damage. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an imbalance between effector and regulatory T cell populations results in an uncontrolled inflammatory response to commensal bacteria. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are perfectly positioned within the intestinal epithelium to provide the first line of mucosal defense against luminal microbes or rapidly respond to epithelial injury. This review will highlight how IELs promote protective intestinal immunity and discuss the evidence indicating that altered IEL responses contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Although the role of IELs in mucosal homeostasis has been largely underappreciated, many of the same factors that contribute to the dysregulation of host defense in IBD also adversely affect IELs. For example, IL-23 and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response can enhance IEL lytic activity toward enterocytes. Microbial dysbiosis or defective microbial recognition results in the loss of regulatory IELs, further amplifying these pro-inflammatory effects. Migration of T cells into or within the intraepithelial compartment has a profound effect on their differentiation or effector function demonstrating that IELs are exquisitely sensitive to changes in the local intestinal microenvironment. Enhanced mechanistic insight into the regulation of IEL survival, differentiation, and effector function may provide useful tools to modulate IEL surveillance or enhance IEL regulatory function. Elucidation of these processes may result in the development of novel therapeutics to reduce intestinal inflammation and reinforce the mucosal barrier in IBD.
Opening up the Echo Chamber: Teaching Cultural Competence in Contentious Times

In recent years, political discussion and social life are increasingly concentrating in face-to-face and online echo chambers composed of individuals with similar world views. This segmentation of civil society has stymied in-depth and respectful communication across ideological difference and in the process contributed to the divisiveness that characterizes political discourse across the globe. In this article, I examine how anthropological learning and teaching can help open up these echo chambers and promote cultural empathy and cross-ideological communication. My discussion focuses on three methodologies I use in my undergraduate-level Culture, Health and Healing course – weekly critical analyses on contemporary health issues, an in-class illness narrative exercise, and a term-long public service announcement project. For each, I describe the pedagogy, present examples of how the assignment or activity plays out in the classroom, and consider how these pedagogies work toward increasing cross-cultural/ideological understanding and communication. I argue that through unsettling students’ default frameworks for thinking, reflexive and emotionally engaged anthropological teaching and learning can play important roles in laying the epistemological, affective, and ethical foundations for future professionals and engaged community members in today’s contentious times.
Just-in-time information : To push or not to push

Today, there is a greater need for just-in-time information than ever before. Information systems have evolved from distributed and homogeneous to network-centric and heterogeneous. The number of users dependent on these information sources for personal, business, and mission critical needs has increased by orders of magnitude. Yet the way in which users have been accessing information has not undergone the paradigm shift needed for making the „just-in-time“ information happen. In this talk we differentiate between data-centric and user-centric approach to information access and management. We argue that the success of web-based information usage is grounded in use-rcentric view of the information where the user is the one to whom information should flow rather than the user approaching the information (as in the data-centric case). In order for this to happen, we propose that the push technology should be incorporated into all aspects of information management. Push technology is based on the reactive (or trigger) capability and has a well-grounded formalism for adapting it to network-centric architectures. We overview the state-of-the-art in reactive capability and elaborate on its potential for just-in-tine information management.
Photoconductive switching for high-power microwave generation

Photoconductive switching is a technology that is being increasingly applied to generation of high power microwaves. Two primary semiconductors used for these devices are silicon and gallium arsenide. Diamond is a promising future candidate material. This paper discusses the important material parameters and switching modes critical issues for microwave generation and future directions for this high power photoconductive switching technology.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Anthropoid Origins: Retrospective and Prospective

As discussed in the chapter on Evolving Perspectives on Anthropoidea (Ross and Kay, chapter 1, this volume), the research in this book revolves around hypotheses regarding: the phylogenetic relationships within Anthropoidea; the relationships of Anthropoidea to other living and fossil primates; and the functional and adaptive significance of the features characterizing the early branches of anthropoid evolution.
Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Cartographic Data and Software

Publisher Summary Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a computational model with appealing characteristics that may bring about intriguing mechanisms for sharing cartographic data and software. It makes it easy for individual computer users to participate in the Internet not only as an information consumer but also as a provider, with or without true identities, through either fast T1 or slower phone line connections, using PCs or Macs or UNIX workstations. The prospects of applying P2P to sharing cartographic data and software are encouraging. This chapter describes how a node-hub P2P system enables individual users to form a cartographic data network where cartographic data are packaged, published, registered, searched, and transported over the Internet. The hub maintains a dynamic catalog so that metadata are up-to-date and search results are more reliable and useful. The hub also controls user participation and enforces various levels of authentication to prevent abusive usages and violation of copyrights and licenses. The P2P system also enables cartographic software components to be published and shared among participants. It accomplishes this by implementing a Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) register on the hub, where metadata for the software components are stored, and by incorporating the search API on the node, where search functions are tailored to cartographic software components are provided. Fault tolerance and better security measures are the major areas for improvement.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Trends in Demographics, Interventions and Outcomes Among Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Registry Study

Introduction We aim to evaluate trends in patient characteristics, causes of hospitalization, procedure utilization, and outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Methods Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (NIS) were analyzed to identify all patients who had secondary diagnosis of HCM from 2007-2014. Results We identified 139,342 HCM admissions from 2007 to 2014 (mean age 66±16 years, 62% female and 75% Caucasian). There was no significant difference in nationwide trends in regard to the number of admissions. The most common reason for hospitalizations were: acute heart failure (47%), atrial fibrillation (16%), cerebrovascular accident (2%), syncope (1.5%) ventricular tachycardia (1%), and ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death (VF/SCD) (0.3%) ( Table 1 ). In regard to interventions, 659 (0.47%) patients underwent alcohol septal ablation, 4790 (3.44%) underwent septal myomectomy, 659 (0.47%) underwent ablation for atrial fibrillation, 99 (0.07%) underwent ventricular tachycardia ablation, 4931 (3.54%) underwent implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implantation, and 3823 (2.74%) underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) ( Table-2 ). Overall in-hospital mortality was 3%. There was a significant trend towards lower all-cause mortality from 2007 to 2014 (3.43% Vs 2.74% respectively; P trend Conclusion AHF is the most common reason for admission among HCM patients. While there is a trend towards lower mortality in recent years, HCM patients admitted for VF/SCD and CVA have the highest mortality. Despite female patients with HCM being more likely to be hospitalized, they are less likely to undergo interventions.
Lung cancer stigma and depression: Validation of the Lung Cancer Stigma Inventory.

Objective In an effort to provide further evidence for the validity of the Lung Cancer Stigma Inventory (LCSI), this paper examined group differences in lung cancer stigma for patients who report clinically significant depressive symptoms and established a suggested scoring benchmark to identify patients with clinically meaningful levels of lung cancer stigma. Methods Patients (N = 231) who were diagnosed with lung cancer and treated within the past 12 months at one of two National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated Cancer Centers located in the northeast and southern parts of the United States completed a single battery of questionnaires examining lung cancer stigma and depressed mood. Group differences, bivariate correlations, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted. Results Slightly more than a third of patients (35.9%) reported an elevated level of depression. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.44) between lung cancer stigma and depressive mood. The ROC curve analysis indicated an area under curve (AUC) of 0.71. A LCSI cutoff score of 37.5 yielded the optimal ratio of sensitivity (0.93) to specificity (0.70) for identifying patients with clinically meaningful lung cancer stigma. Conclusions Consistent with prior work, lung cancer stigma, as measured by the LCSI, was found to be moderately associated with depressed mood. Clinical investigators may use an LCSI total score above 37.5 (ie, greater than or equal to 38 on the LCSI scale of integer scores) as a clinical threshold for identifying patients who may be experiencing clinically meaningful stigma and may benefit from stigma-reducing interventions.
Clinical Parameters of Right Ventricular Dysfunction Predict Depressed RV Myofilament Function

Purpose Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) drives morbidity and mortality. Clinical hemodynamic parameters such as elevated right atrial pressure to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio (RAP/PCWP) and low pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) are widely used to identify patients with significant RVD. However, their correspondence to intrinsic RVD is unknown. We therefore tested whether RAP/PCWP or PAPi are associated with sarcomere and molecular dysfunction. Methods Human RV tissue was obtained from explanted hearts of HFrEF patients and controls, along with corresponding demographic/hemodynamic data. Skinned myocytes were isolated and affixed to a force-length transducer to assess RV myofilament force-calcium curves. Protein was extracted from tissue and immunoblotting performed. Results Myofilament maximal calcium-activated force (Fmax) generation was significantly diminished in HFrEF patients with RVD (HFrEF-RVD, defined as RA:PCWP > 0.54 and PAPi Conclusion RAP/PCWP and PAPi, used to identify clinical RVD, predict true intrinsic RV sarcomeric dysfunction in human HFrEF, and are associated with a distinct molecular signature. Further work will uncover the RV sarcomeric defects underlying diminished RV hemodynamic performance.
Medical outcomes of bromethalin rodenticide exposures reported to US poison centers after federal restriction of anticoagulants

Background: Exposures to bromethalin rodenticides have increased since restrictions were placed on long acting anticoagulant rodenticide (LAAR) registrations in 2008. Bromethalin works, in part, by uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Toxicity in humans is not well characterized and no antidote is available. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). The data set was derived from single substance bromethalin ingestions followed to a known medical outcome that were reported to US poison centers from 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2017. Results: There were 2674 bromethalin exposures in the NPDS database that met inclusion criteria. Of these exposures 2227 (83.28%) were pediatric, aged 16 days-12 years. Within this population, no effects were seen in 2143 (96.38%) of the exposures, 74 (3.32%) had minor effects, and 10 (0.45%) had moderate effects. No major clinical effects or deaths occurred in pediatric patients, although one patient with a major effect was of unknown age. Exposures in patients >12 years encompassed 391 patients aged 13-94 years. No effect was seen amongst 257 (65.73%) of the patients, 100 (25.58%) had minor effects, 23 (5.88%) had moderate effects, nine (2.30%) had major effects, and two (0.51%) patients died. Intentional ingestions among these patients accounted for one (0.25%) death and four (1.02%) major effects. Case details of the intentional ingestion death suggest the possibility of a miscoded long acting coagulant rodenticide. Conclusions: No major effects or deaths were seen in pediatric exposures. A majority of the possible bromethalin exposures involving adults reported to poison centers resulted in minor or no effects, though seizures, death and one questionable case of coagulopathy were documented. This dataset suffers from its retrospective nature, reliance on caller information, selection bias, information bias, and miscoding. It is possible that one or both deaths attributed to bromethalin exposure were not actually due to bromethalin.
Plural Belongings: Mothering Co-resident Children Post-migration in the USA

Immigrant mothers to the USA skillfully negotiate a sense of belonging that is local, global and in-between, as members of multiple spaces for themselves and their children. However, popular conceptions of migrant mothers paint them as traditionalists at best, expected to be grateful for their new ‘here’. This research is based on a small qualitative study of middle-class migrant mothers from multiple parts of the world living in North America. It exposes the differential impact of race and ethnicity on the mothers’ experiences, despite the relative socioeconomic privilege in the backgrounds and life trajectories of the women and their families. The mothers build flexible concepts of home that transcend single countries, raise children who have multiple homes and ideas of identity and strategize to confront prejudices and build ties to their new communities. By focusing on questions enmeshed with women’s mothering acts, we gain insights into notions of identity and belonging. As the mothers in this study negotiate the double transition into motherhood and into a new sociocultural experience, this article explores how they make intentional choices to negotiate, renegotiate and work around migration in ways that are reflective of their senses of self pre- and post-migration. In understanding migrant mothers’ experiences, we also see how policy makers may meet migrant’s needs and by extension, the needs of communities in a world shaped by internationalisms.
Complex patterns of dopamine‐related gene expression in the ventral tegmental area of male zebra finches relate to dyadic interactions with long‐term female partners

Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to multiple efferent targets are implicated in pair bonding, yet the role of the VTA in the maintenance of long-term pair bonds is not well characterized. Complex interactions between numerous neuromodulators modify activity in the VTA, suggesting that individual differences in patterns of gene expression in this region may explain individual differences in long-term social interactions in bonded pairs. To test this hypothesis we used RNA-seq to measure expression of over 8000 annotated genes in male zebra finches in established male-female pairs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified a gene module that contained numerous dopamine-related genes with TH found to be the most connected gene of the module. Genes in this module related to male agonistic behaviors as well as bonding-related behaviors produced by female partners. Unsupervised learning approaches identified two groups of males that differed with respect to expression of numerous genes. Enrichment analyses showed that many dopamine-related genes and modulators differed between these groups, including dopamine receptors, synthetic and degradative enzymes, the avian dopamine transporter and several GABA- and glutamate-related genes. Many of the bonding-related behaviors closely associated with VTA gene expression in the two male groups were produced by the male's partner, rather than the male himself. Collectively, results highlight numerous candidate genes in the VTA that can be explored in future studies and raise the possibility that the molecular/genetic organization of the VTA may be strongly shaped by a social partner and/or the strength of the pair bond.
Appropriate extent of surgery for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

The current literature lacks strong guidelines regarding surgical management of patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), who present with the clinical triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), bronchial asthma, and aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance. To further define the effectiveness of sinus surgery in treating AERD patients, this review article discusses current evidence regarding outcomes associated with more extensive surgery, the benefits of frontal sinus surgery on polyposis, and the role of Draf III intervention. Numerous studies suggest that Draf III frontal sinusotomy may be an efficacious early intervention due to increased neo-ostial patency and subsequent distribution of topical therapies. Future studies that further investigate the efficacy and safety of extensive surgery in AERD patients are warranted.