cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound feedback training increases trainee accuracy in vaginal assessment of fetal head position in labor.

Objective To evaluate the impact of an immediate ultrasound feedback intervention on trainee accuracy in vaginal-examination-based assessment of fetal head position. Methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary care center. Six third-year and six fourth-year residents in an obstetrics and gynecology residency training program were the study subjects. The third-year residents underwent a training intervention in which they assessed fetal head position by transvaginal digital examination and then received immediate feedback through ultrasound demonstration of the actual position. All examinations were performed in women with a singleton gestation ≥ 35 weeks and cervical dilation ≥ 8 cm, following rupture of membranes. The comparison groups were third-year residents before, during and after training and fourth-year residents who were not exposed to the training intervention. The primary outcome was the difference in accuracy of fetal-head-position assessment on vaginal examination by third-year residents before and after ultrasound feedback training. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with digital examination accuracy. Results Overall, 390 examinations were performed. The accuracy of fetal-head-position assessments of third-year residents was 55% (53/96) before training, 65% (74/114) during training and 70% (63/90) after training, while that of fourth-year residents who did not undergo training was 52% (47/90) (P = 0.04). Fourth-year residents who did not undergo ultrasound training demonstrated similar baseline accuracy to that of third-year residents pretraining (52% (47/90) vs 55% (53/96), P = 0.68), but had significantly lower accuracy than had the third-year residents post-training (52% (47/90) vs 70% (63/90); P = 0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed a positive association between ultrasound feedback training and the ability to assess accurately fetal head position. After adjusting for the variables included in the final model, examinations performed by third-year residents pretraining and those performed by fourth-year residents who did not undergo training were less likely to be accurate than those performed by third-year residents post-training (adjusted odds ratio, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.26-0.91) and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.22-0.80), respectively). Conclusion Immediate ultrasound feedback training increased trainee accuracy in vaginal assessment of fetal head position in labor. Its integration into obstetric training programs should be considered. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Traumatic retrobulbar hematoma: Case report of a new ultrasound finding and summary of the literature

Abstract Retrobulbar hematoma (RBH) is a rare vision threatening diagnosis. Left unchecked, RBH can cause orbital compartment syndrome and vision loss in as little as 60 min. Computed tomography (CT) is the current gold standard for diagnosing RBH, but can be delayed in the emergency department (ED) for many reasons. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has become commonplace in the ED and is found in most algorithms for diagnosing RBH, but until recently these algorithms did not offer common findings in RBH. We present a case of traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage diagnosed by exam findings and ultrasound demonstration of restricted ocular movement, resulting in rapid cantholysis by the ED physician and restoration of vision. We also review the literature on ultrasound findings of RBH.
Statistic evaluation of failure criteria in wellbore stability with temperature effects

Abstract Geothermal energy is increasingly recognized as a potential of replenishing fossil fuels and meeting decarbonization obligations. HP/HT drilling is also increasingly recognized as a tool to provide an adequate supply of oil/gas. In these two types of activity, the high temperature is the common challenge for drilling. Under high temperature, rocks usually behave differently compared to the ambient condition. Whether the popular failure criteria can be used to evaluate wellbore stability under geothermal conditions is a question which has not been answered yet. In this paper, the triaxial compression tests under different temperature for six types of rock (Strathbogie granite, Tak granite, Tournemire shale, Slate, Carthage marble, and Crab Orchard sandstone) have been used to evaluate six different failure criteria. Two methods have been implemented to obtain rock cohesion and internal friction angle, which are grid search algorithm and Mohr failure line method. Both methods show that Modified Lade is the failure criterion that provides the best performance in predicting rock failure under geothermal drilling. The grid search algorithm guarantees the best performance of the failure criteria, providing with the best-fit rock parameters. The more practical method of Mohr failure line can still generate engineering reasonable predictions if a safety factor of 1.1 is considered, but only the Modified Lade should be used. The thermal influence on rock parameters is also analyzed and the cohesion is found to be decreased with the improvement of temperature, whereas the internal friction angle does not have a consistent relationship with temperature. Overall, considering the considerable variance of depth (several kilometers) and temperature (several hundred degree Celsius) of geothermal and deep oil/gas resources, the Modified Lade has proven to be the best choice to perform wellbore stability analysis.
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the pelvis in a giant condyloma acuminatum : Use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection : Report of a case

A 60-year-old bisexual male was referred to our institution for management of an unresectable squamous-cell carcinoma of the pelvis arising in a giant condyloma acuminatum. He received neoadjuvant chemoradiation consisting of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C with concurrent external beam radiation, followed by posterior pelvic exenteration. The surgical specimen had no residual cancer. In situ hybridization was performed using a human papilloma virus omniprobe for human papilloma virus subtypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35. Two years after diagnosis the patient is doing well with no evidence of recurrent disease.
Milk in the city: profiles and development paths for urban dairy holders in Ethiopia

Demand for dairy products is growing fast in urban areas. Due to poorly developed rural infrastructure, urban dairy farms are pivotal in making milk available and affordable in towns and cities. Ye...
Brans-Dicke theory in Bondi-Sachs form: Asymptotically flat solutions, asymptotic symmetries, and gravitational-wave memory effects

Gravitational-wave memory effects are identified by their distinctive effects on families of freely falling observers: after a burst of waves pass by their locations, memory effects can cause lasting relative displacements of the observers. These effects are closely related to the infrared properties of gravity, including its asymptotic symmetries and conserved quantities. In this paper, we investigate the connection between memory effects, symmetries, and conserved quantities in Brans-Dicke theory. We compute the field equations in Bondi coordinates, and we define a set of boundary conditions that represent asymptotically flat solutions in this context. Next, we derive the asymptotic symmetry group of these spacetimes, and we find that it is the same as the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group in general relativity. Because there is an additional polarization of gravitational waves in Brans-Dicke theory, we compute the memory effects associated with this extra polarization (the so-called ``breathing'' mode). This breathing mode produces a uniform expansion (or contraction) of a ring of freely falling observers. After these breathing gravitational waves pass by the observers' locations, there are two additional memory effects that depend on their initial displacements and relative velocities. Neither of these additional memory effects seems to be related to asymptotic symmetries or conserved quantities; rather, they are determined by the properties of the nonradiative region before and after the bursts of the scalar field and the gravitational waves. We discuss the properties of these regions necessary to support nontrivial breathing-mode-type memory effects.
Number morphology in Panará

Abstract In this paper I present a description of number in Panara, with singular, dual and plural, and discuss the mass-count properties of Panara nouns. I also describe an until now unattested instance of omnivorous dual in Panara, where one dual morpheme can map to one or more arguments.
Throughput Optimization Based Joint Access Point Association and Transmission Time Allocation in WLANs

In this paper, the joint access point (AP) association and transmission time allocation problem in densely deployed multirate WLANs based on time sharing medium access control (MAC) is considered. In our study, the centralized coordinated joint AP association and transmission time allocation problem with heterogeneous station (STA) throughput demands is first formulated as an NP-hard single non-zero programming (SNZP) optimization problem with proportionally fair (PF) throughput based objective function. To solve the NP-hard SNZP problem, two novel algorithms, the SNZP relaxation (SNZPR) algorithm and the iterative SNZPR (iSNZPR) algorithm, are proposed. The property and complexity of the proposed algorithms are analyzed. In addition, for dynamic network scenarios where there are new STAs arriving at and trying to join the network, a distributed joint admission, AP association and transmission time allocation (DAAA) algorithm is proposed to determine whether to admit a new STA arriving at the network or not. The performance of the proposed algorithms is then investigated and compared with that of some existing algorithms based on numerical results.
Value of Rehabilitation Training for Children with Cerebral Palsy Diagnosed and Analyzed by Computed Tomography Imaging Information Features under Deep Learning.

To analyze the brain CT imaging data of children with cerebral palsy (CP), deep learning-based electronic computed tomography (CT) imaging information characteristics were used, thereby providing help for the rehabilitation analysis of children with CP and comorbid epilepsy. The brain CT imaging data of 73 children with CP were collected, who were outpatients or inpatients in our hospital. The images were randomly divided into two groups. One group was the artificial intelligence image group, and hybrid segmentation network (HSN) model was employed to analyze brain images to help the treatment. The other group was the control group, and original images were used to help diagnosis and treatment. The deep learning-based HSN was used to segment the CT image of the head of patients and was compared with other CNN methods. It was found that HSN had the highest Dice score (DSC) among all models. After treatment, six cases in the artificial intelligence image group returned to normal (20.7%), and the artificial intelligence image group was significantly higher than the control group (X2 = 335191, ). The cerebral hemodynamic changes were obviously different in the two groups of children before and after treatment. The VP of the cerebral artery in the child was (139.68 ± 15.66) cm/s after treatment, which was significantly faster than (131.84 ± 15.93) cm/s before treatment, . To sum up, the deep learning model can effectively segment the CP area, which can measure and assist the diagnosis of future clinical cases of children with CP. It can also improve medical efficiency and accurately identify the patient’s focus area, which had great application potential in helping to identify the rehabilitation training results of children with CP.
Digital Trends and the Global Library Community

ABSTRACTThis year's theme of International Open Access Week was Open for Collaboration, and centered on the political and legal gains open access communities have made worldwide. Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition has been the major organizer of Open Access week since its beginnings in 2007. The world-wide participation of so many different communities in this event, which was celebrated on every continent except Antarctica, shows that the issue of open access, which a few years ago was mainly a concern of the U.S. academic community, now has international backing and is shaping how scientific research will be disseminated in the future.
Moving Toward Responsive Mentorship

Mentoring outsiders into the academy, so that it is reinvigorated by increasingly diverse ideas and worldviews, calls for an open, responsive approach to students. Dr. Manne, Tori, and Vivian brought this type of mentorship to life. They did not view their students as objects of knowledge: the young women were not exemplars of “poor first-generation student of color” for them to study and observe.
Anatomy of Industry Resistance to Climate Change: A Familiar Litany

The industries that generate environmental risks in the United States have long been hostile to regulatory programs that increase their costs of operation and reduce their profits. While industry may have been unprepared for, and thus poorly organized to resist, the first wave of federal environmental legislation enacted during the “environmental decade” of the 1970s, it quickly marshaled its forces. Regulated or potentially regulated entities, their trade associations, and their lobbyists began a concerted effort to defeat, delay, and weaken environmental regulation. This book chapter describes the process by which regulatory opponents successfully relied on free market ideology to couch their opposition to health, safety, and environmental regulation in terms that would resonate with the American public in ways it never had before. They portrayed regulation as the product of overreaching, meddlesome, wrong-headed, and power hungry bureaucrats that would almost inevitably detract from rather than enhance social welfare. In doing so, regulatory opponents enabled politicians to justify their efforts to derail and weaken protective regulation in terms consistent with pursuit of the public interest, rather than as a quid pro quo for the support of narrow, self-interested elements of the regulatory community. The chapter also analyzes how industry and its political supporters have relied on a familiar litany of anti-regulatory arguments generated by conservative ideologues to throttle the efforts of those who support government initiatives to tackle climate change. Although the litany has been used most recently to combat climate change legislation and regulation, it consists of arguments that regulatory opponents have used repeatedly throughout the history of U.S. environmental protection efforts.
Angiopoietin 2 levels in serum and bronchial lavage fluids and their relationship with cancer stages in lung cancer patients

Background: Angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) has an important role in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, Ang-2 levels of serum and bronchioloalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) in patients with lung cancer were measured and correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters. Methods: Thirty-five cases newly diagnosed with lung cancer and 18 controls with non-cancerous lung diseases were included in the study. Tumor histology, staging, metastasis, tumor markers, biochemical and clinical parameters were all recorded. Results: Serum Ang-2 levels were significantly higher in the lung cancer group compared to the control (lung cancer median: 2.42 ng/mL [2.19–2.98], control 0.67 [0.31–1.10]; P < 0.001), whereas Ang-2 levels in BALF were lower in the lung cancer group compared to the control (lung cancer median 0.41 ng/mL [0.22–0.79], control 0.67 [0.46–1.03]; P = 0.02). In the cancer group, higher serum Ang-2 levels (r = 0.52, P < 0.001) were associated with the stage of cancer. No significant correlation was observed between BALF Ang-2 levels and non-small cell lung cancer stages and small-cell lung cancer advanced stage (P = 0.793, r = 0.07). Serum Ang-2 levels were significantly higher in distant metastasis (M1) versus no distant metastasis (M0) (M1: 2.57 ng/mL [2.38–2.87], M0: 2.22 [1.49–2.40], P = 0.01). No significant correlation was observed between BALF Ang-2 levels and M1 (r = 0.11, P = 0.53). Conclusions: Serum Ang-2 levels were significantly higher in lung cancer patients and positive correlations were observed between serum Ang-2, tumor stage, and metastasis.
HYBRID SPECIATION AND INDEPENDENT EVOLUTION IN LINEAGES OF ALPINE BUTTERFLIES

The power of hybridization between species to generate variation and fuel adaptation is poorly understood despite long-standing interest. There is, however, increasing evidence that hybridization often generates biodiversity, including via hybrid speciation. We tested the hypothesis of hybrid speciation in butterflies occupying extreme, high-altitude habitats in four mountain ranges in western North America with an explicit, probabilistic model, and genome-wide DNA sequence data. Using this approach, in concert with ecological experiments and observations and morphological data, we document three lineages of hybrid origin. These lineages have different genome admixture proportions and distinctive trait combinations that suggest unique and independent evolutionary histories.
Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate

Some of the earliest unequivocal signs of climate change have been the warming of the air and ocean, thawing of land and melting of ice in the Arctic. But recent studies are showing that the tropics are also changing. Several lines of evidence show that over the past few decades the tropical belt has expanded. This expansion has potentially important implications for subtropical societies and may lead to profound changes in the global climate system. Most importantly, poleward movement of large-scale atmospheric circulation systems, such as jet streams and storm tracks, could result in shifts in precipitation patterns affecting natural ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources. The implications of the expansion for stratospheric circulation and the distribution of ozone in the atmosphere are as yet poorly understood. The observed recent rate of expansion is greater than climate model projections of expansion over the twenty-first century, which suggests that there is still much to be learned about this aspect of global climate change. The tropical belt has been widening over past decades — as estimated from a number of independent lines of evidence — shifting the dry subtropical climate zones polewards around the world.
Eligibility for hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for primary systemic amyloidosis is a favorable prognostic factor for survival.

PURPOSE: Based on the success of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) for multiple myeloma, HSCT is being used to treat patients with primary systemic amyloidosis (AL). This article addresses the extent to which eligibility to undergo HSCT is a favorable prognostic feature and explores prognostic factors within the subset of eligible patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The Mayo Clinic amyloid database was queried for all patients with AL seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1983 through 1997 who would have been eligible for peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation. Inclusion criteria included biopsy-proven amyloid, symptomatic disease, absence of a clinical diagnosis of multiple myeloma, age ≤ 70 years, cardiac interventricular septal thickness ≤ 15 mm, cardiac ejection fraction more than 55%, serum creatinine ≤ 2 mg/dL, and direct bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL. RESULTS: Median age was 56 years (range, 25 to 70) with 79 (34%) older than 60 years. One hundred patients had early cardiac involvement; 41, hepatic inv...
CloudSat and the EOS constellation

CloudSat is a multi-satellite satellite experiment designed to utilize the opportunity provided by the EOS constellation to deliver, as-directly as possible, information relevant for assessing the way cloud processes are parameterized in global weather prediction and climate models. In this way, CloudSat will provide a means for the critical evaluation of model prediction of clouds. The prime source of this information is to be extracted from vertical profiles of radar reflectivity obtained with the CloudSat 94 GHz nadir pointing radar. When this information is augmented by other measurements of the constellation, a rich data source for studying clouds, precipitation and the interaction of cloud processes with aerosol can be expected. There remain a number of key challenges for optimally extracting the important information from the suite of constellation measurements. Included in these challenges is the need both to understand the disparate nature of the information content contained in multi-sensor data and develop a retrieval framework that optimizes this information content.
Response speed changes in an Estes' paired-associate “miniature” experiment

Summary Adult S s ( N = 20) were given 2 reinforced paired-associate trials, R 1 , and R 2 , and four nonreinforced test trials T 1–4 in a subject-paced sequence: R 1 , T 1 , T 2 , R 2 , T 3 , T 4 . Response probabilities conformed to expectations from Estes' all-or-none model, but response speeds showed strong continuity effects. Speeds of correctly recalled items increased markedly after both reinforced and nonreinforced trials. Speeds of incorrectly recalled items were lower and unchanging. Previously unrecalled items were recalled faster on test trials if they were correct than incorrect. The data were viewed as consistent with the notion that S can store correct paired-associate information on reinforced trials, then use this information as a source of subjective reinforcement even if it is not available for elicitation of correct responses.
Ovarian Disorder in the Domestic Turkey

Abstract One should not be surprised at irregularities in nature for there are innumerable opportunities for their appearance. The occurrence of abnormalities sometimes provides the answer to unknown processes or provides additional information on normal physiology. The author has found a “natural” irregularity which occurred two times at wide intervals of time and at considerable distances apart. At the Clemson College Poultry Farm, a Broad Breasted Bronze hen laid 1 or 2 eggs in the trapnest and then stopped. The hen was removed from the group and sacrificed. Upon examination it was found that the ova were much enlarged (Figure 1). In 1939 while the author was working at the Kentucky Experiment Station there was a Bronze turkey hen which, according to trapnest records, laid very few eggs. When this hen was killed for market at the end of the experiment she had an ovarian condition similar to the one being …
ORDER REDUCTION OF PARAMETRICALLY EXCITED NONLINEAR SYSTEMS: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS

The basic problem of order reduction of nonlinear systems with time periodic coefficients is considered in state space and in direct second order (structural) form. In state space order reduction methods, the equations of motion are expressed as a set of first order equations and transformed using the Lyapunov–Floquet (L–F) transformation such that the linear parts of new set of equations are time invariant. At this stage, four order reduction methodologies, namely linear, nonlinear projection via singular perturbation, post-processing approach and invariant manifold technique, are suggested. The invariant manifold technique yields a unique ‘reducibility condition’ that provides the conditions under which an accurate nonlinear order reduction is possible. Unlike perturbation or averaging type approaches, the parametric excitation term is not assumed to be small. An alternate approach of deriving reduced order models in direct second order form is also presented. Here the system is converted into an equivalent second order nonlinear system with time invariant linear system matrices and periodically modulated nonlinearities via the L–F and other canonical transformations. Then a master-slave separation of degrees of freedom is used and a nonlinear relation between the slave coordinates and the master coordinates is constructed. This method yields the same ‘reducibility conditions’ obtained by invariant manifold approach in state space. Some examples are given to show potential applications to real problems using above mentioned methodologies. Order reduction possibilities and results for various cases including ‘parametric’, ‘internal’, ‘true internal’ and ‘true combination resonances’ are discussed. A generalization of these ideas to periodic-quasiperiodic systems is included and demonstrated by means of an example.
Ecological Approaches to Organizational Consultation and Systems Change in Educational Settings

This article presents the conceptual foundations and specific features of an ecologically oriented model of school-based organizational consultation. We begin by providing an overview of ecological theory. This is followed by a brief description of a model of school-based organizational consultation with a special focus on the ecological elements of the approach. Next, several trends in educational service delivery (i.e., high-stakes educational assessment, Response to Intervention, Positive Behavior Supports, school climate, and social justice) that require substantial systemic changes are discussed. These trends highlight the need for effective ecological approaches to organizational consultation. We present recommendations regarding how an ecologically oriented model of school-based consultation might be used to facilitate systemic change efforts in relation to the educational trends discussed.
Differential phase interferometry with the Keck telescopes

We summarize the implementation of the Differential Phase (DP) mode at the Keck Interferometer. Multicolor phase measurements are potentially a powerful astrophysical probe -- and can allow direct detection of Roaster-type exoplanets from the ground. The Keck Interferometer will measure differential phases between H-K, and K-L bands to levels of 3 mrad or better. At JPL, we are engaged in development and testing of instrumentation that will enable these extremely sensitive measurements. First on-sky observations are expected to start in middle 2005. In this article we describe DP and other related techniques, provide an outline of the instrument and present results from preliminary laboratory experiments.
Spectral analysis of Brownian motion with jump boundary

Consider a family of probability measures, indexed by ∂D, on a bounded open region D C R a with a smooth boundary. For any starting point inside D, we run a standard d-dimensional Brownian motion in R d until it first exits D, at which time it jumps to a point inside the domain D according to the jump measure at the exit point and starts a new Brownian motion. The same evolution is repeated independently each time the process reaches the boundary. We study the exponential rate at which the transition distribution of the process converges to its invariant measure, in terms of the spectral gap of the generator. In particular, we prove two conjectures of I. Ben-Ari and R. Pinsky for an interval (see J. Funct. Anal. 251 (2007), 122-140, and preprint (2007)) by studying when a combination of the sine and cosine transforms of probability measures on an interval has only real zeros.
Hemodynamic and Visual Function Effects of Oral Nifedipine in Patients with Normal-tension Glaucoma

Purpose To investigate ocular hemodynamic and visual function changes in patients with normal-tension glaucoma after treatment with a calcium channel blocker (nifedipine). Methods In 21 patients with normal-tension glaucoma, color Doppler imaging of the ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arteries was carried out after a 4-week washout of prior drug treatment and again after 6 months of treatment with nifedipine (30 mg per day). Visual field sensitivity, spatial contrast sensitivity, and intraocular pressure were also recorded. Results Three subjects experienced intolerable side effects from the drug and were removed from the study. In two other patients, visual function was substantially reduced after 4 months of treatment; nifedipine was discontinued. In the remaining 16 subjects, mean intraocular pressure, retrobulbar hemodynamics, visual field mean sensitivity, and contrast sensitivity at 3, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd), respectively, were unchanged after nifedipine treatment. Contrast sensitivity at 6 cpd, however, improved after drug treatment ( P = .004). Individuals with the greatest improvements in contrast sensitivity at 6 cpd showed the largest increases in ophthalmic arterial peak systolic velocity ( r = .57; P = .02) and end-diastolic velocity ( r = .65; P = .001). Conclusion Nifedipine fails to provide uniform visual function or retrobulbar hemodynamic responses in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Those patients who do show improved visual function also show improved indices of retrobulbar perfusion.
A new technique for the repair of large pericardial defects in patients with pentalogy of Cantrell

Thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation usually associated with anterior diaphragmatic and pericardial defects, a short or bifid sternum, and intracardiac defects. Several techniques have been attempted for the correction of this anomaly. We report a patient with a large pericardial defect that was repaired with remnants of the omphalocele sac. The method is simple and effective, and should be considered as an alternative for the management of this disease.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Soluble, Highly Branched Organo-Silicon−Nitride Polymer

A highly soluble organopolysilazane was generated from the reaction of CySiCl3 with Li3N in diglyme. On the basis of light scattering, elemental analysis, NMR spectra, and solubility data, this polymer is believed to be highly branched with a molecular weight of approximately 26 000 Da. The polymer is characterized by excellent solubility in all organic solvents, a highly economical method of synthesis, a hyperbranched topology, and potential applicability to a wide range of R group modification. The use of lithium nitride has allowed the generation of highly branched structures without the need to further treat the polymer with insolubilizing cross-linking agents.
Rheological Behavior of Soya Oil-Water Emulsions: Dependence upon Oil Concentration

Stress-strain measurements have been performed in the linear region for soya oil-water emulsions stabilized with xanthan gum for various oil concentrations and for xanthan gum solutions for various xanthan gum concentrations. The big increase observed in the shear modulus for the emulsions (as compared to the solutions) is primarily due to the interaction between xanthan gum molecules and emulsion droplets. The results obtained are in broad agreement with the existing theories for concentrated dispersions and tend to show that the interdroplet interaction is similar to that expected for ‘soft’ deformabe spheres. The results for xanthan gum solutions can be explained if the xanthan gum solutions are not true solutions, but some form of dispersions.
RFID localization algorithms and applications—a review

Object localization based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has promising potentials. By combining localization with its identification capability, existing applications can be enhanced and new applications can be developed for this technology. This paper starts with an overview introducing the available technologies for localization with a focus on radio frequency based technologies. The existing and potential applications of RFID localization in various industries are then summarized. Moreover, RFID localization algorithms are reviewed, which can be categorized into multilateration, Bayesian inference, nearest-neighbor, proximity, and kernel-based learning methods. Also, we present a localization case study using passive RFID technology, and it shows that objects can be successfully localized using either multilateration or Bayesian inference methods. The survey also discusses the challenges and future research on RFID localization.
Neurocognition in Early-Onset Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorders

Objective We examined the neuropsychological functioning of youth enrolled in the NIMH funded trial, Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS). We compared the baseline neuropsychological functioning of youth with schizophrenia (SZ, n=79) to those with schizoaffective disorder (SA, n=40), and examined the relationship of different variables of illness severity and adaptive behavior to neuropsychological functioning. Method Participants ranged in age from 8 to 19 years. Diagnostic status was confirmed via structured interview over multiple time points. Domains of neuropsychological functioning included fine-motor, attention, working memory, problem-solving efficiency, inhibitory control, and social cognition. Other variables included intelligence (IQ), academic achievement skills, adaptive behavior, and different measures of illness severity. Results The two groups did not differ on IQ or on any of the neuropsychological domains. The SZ group performed significantly lower in spelling. A high proportion of individuals in both groups reflected significant intellectual and academic achievement skill deficits. Significant correlations were found between the neurocognitive domains and both illness severity and adaptive behavior variables. Conclusions There were few differences between the SZ and SA groups on IQ, achievement, or neuropsychological functioning; however, both groups showed significantly high rates of deficits in IQ and basic academic skills. Correlations of the neurocognitive functions with illness severity and adaptive behavior were small to moderate in magnitude. These findings continue to implicate the importance of neurocognitive functioning as a key area of vulnerability in the study of youth with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Developmental changes in interrelationships of visible language codes, oral language codes, and reading or spelling

Abstract Structural equation modeling (EQS, Bentler 1985) was used to analyze covariance structures incorporating a visible language factor underlying memory for a word and memory for a letter in a word, an oral language factor underlying access to phonemic and semantic codes, and a reading or spelling factor underlying letterby-letter and whole word presentation on tasks dependent on both visible and oral language codes. Competing theoretical models, one with the visible-oral language covariance set to zero and the other with this covariance freely estimated, were evaluated for two reading tasks (lexical decision or naming) and one spelling task (written reproduction) at the beginning (2nd month) and end (8th month) of first grade ( N = 42). At the beginning of first grade, allowing a covariance between the visible and oral language factors improved the fit, but at the end of first grade it did not. When the covariance between the visible language and oral language factors was set to zero at the end of first grade, the direct effect of the visible language factor was significant for only the naming task. Results provide evidence for (a) developmental differentiation of the visible language and oral language systems as children gained in reading skill, and (b) the importance at the end of first grade of the visible language factor in prelexical but not postlexical processes.
MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS FOR MAGNETIC TAPE UNDULATORS

The prospect of magnetic tape undulators (MTU) for free electron lasers (FEL) appears to be particularly attractive due to the inherent flexibility of the recording process. Using a scaled-up recording system, it should be possible to produce variable parameter undulators merely by varying the magnitude or frequency of the recording field. The in situ modification of an existing MTU can also be envisaged. In this paper, the optimum MTU parameters are evaluated and the merits of existing magnetic media for MTU applications discussed.
New focus for the international standards on auditing

Abstract The increase in the number of security filings for cross-border financing over the last decade has placed new emphasis on the use of international accounting and auditing standards. This article discusses some of the major changes that have occurred over the last several years in the development of international auditing standards and the effect on the auditor performing audits in accordance with these standards for national or for cross-border financing purposes.
Quenched Imperfections and the Electrical Resistivity of Aluminum at Low Temperatures

The electrical resistivity of a high-purity aluminum specimen, having different concentrations of "quenched-in" lattice defects, is reported for the temperature region 1-20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. For small and different concentrations of structural impurities, the resistivity follows Matthiessen's rule. The exponential constant, $n$, in the equation, $\ensuremath{\rho}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{i}+A{T}^{n}$, is equal to 2.7 for the sample in a well-annealed state. This number increases slightly with an in crease in defect concentration.
Testing stage effects in an ethnically diverse sample.

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has been extensively validated in representative samples of adult smokers. Stage effects, i.e., the patterned relationships between Stage of Change (SOC) and other TTM variables, have been reported in a variety of samples. This study describes reliability data for the TTM variables and tests the stage effects with an ethnically diverse sample of 296 parents with young children. On the basis of theory and previous empirical evidence from a general population, it is possible to make quantitative predications about the magnitude of the expected effect sizes for the Decisional Balance, Situational Temptations, and Processes of Change subscales. For each variable, both a test of significance and a comparison with the expected effect sizes is reported. Results indicated significant stage differences for 8 of the 11 TTM subscales, and all quantitative predictions were confirmed. This study supports the use of TTM measures in an ethnically diverse sample.
Transition Edge YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) Microbolometers for Infrared Staring Arrays

A potentially important application of high-temperature superconducting microbolometers is infrared staring arrays. In many such staring arrays, sensitivity is more important than speed of response. Thus, it is desirable to design low-thermal-mass pixels that are thermally isolated from the substrate. To this end, Johnson, et al. at Honeywell have fabricated meander lines of YBa_2Cu_3O_7(-x) (YBCO) sandwiched between layers of Si_3N_4 (SN). The silicon was etched out from under each YBCO meander line to form low-thermal-mass, thermally isolated microbolometers. These devices showed responsivities up to 60 kV/W with a 16 micro-A bias, and a noise equivalent power of 9x10^(-13) W/Hz^(1/2) at 7 Hz with a 5 micro-A bias (neglecting contact noise)...
International human trafficking: An agenda-building analysis of the US and British press

Many consider international human trafficking, or the transportation of children and adults across national borders for forced labor and services, 21st-century slavery. Academics, lawmakers and international bodies have developed a rich body of literature around trafficking in recent years, while documentarians, screenwriters and artists have placed it squarely in popular discourse. But little is known about how the press translates that knowledge to a lay audience. This study sets out to explore that question, asking how the world’s elite press framed trafficking and with whose or what agenda. The findings offer strong evidence for the US government’s role in framing the issue in the press largely as a sexual phenomenon.
Novel polyisobutylene stars. XXIII. Thermal, mechanical, and processing characteristics of poly(phenylene ether)/polydivinylbenzene(polyisobutylene-b-polystyrene)37 blends†

The objective of these investigations was to increase the use temperature of novel star-block polymers consisting of a crosslinked polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) core from which radiate multiple poly(isobutylene-b-polystyrene) (PIB-b-PSt) arms, abbreviated by PDVB(PIB-b-PSt)n. We achieved this objective by blending star-blocks with poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) that is miscible with PSt. Thus, various PPO/PDVB(PIB-b-PSt)n blends were prepared, and their thermal, mechanical, and processing properties were investigated. The hard-phase glass-transition temperature of the blends could be controlled by the amount (wt %) of PPO. The blends displayed superior retention of tensile strengths at high temperatures as compared to star blocks. The melt viscosities of blends with low weight percentages of PPO were lower than those of star blocks. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2866–2872, 2002
The Socio-Cultural Context of Organizational Behavior

(2002). The Socio-Cultural Context of Organizational Behavior. Administration in Social Work: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 71-88.
Abstract 4679: Betulinic acid inhibits deubiquitinases to increase the degradation of pro-survival proteins and enhance prostate cancer-specific apoptosis

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome (UPS) pathway is a valid anti-cancer target but the alternative strategy to increase activity in order to degrade pro-survival proteins is much less developed. Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring small molecule with multiple mechanisms for increasing apoptosis in cancer cells, making it an attractive anti-prostate cancer agent. There is evidence that BA can activate the UPS pathway to degrade multiple pro-survival proteins such as androgen receptor (AR), but the mechanism is not clear. Our western blot data in prostate cancer (PC) cells indicates that 10 μM BA decreases the levels of multiple pro-survival proteins including AR, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases. Inhibition of the UPS pathway with 1 μM MG132 blocks the BA-mediated decrease of AR and AKT proteins and lowers cell death, suggesting a dependence on the UPS pathway. In TRAMP transgenic mice, BA treatment (10 mg/kg) inhibits tumor growth, increases apoptosis, decreases angiogenesis and proliferation, and lowers AR and cyclin D1 protein levels (immunohistochemistry) without toxic side effects to normal tissues. However, BA does not increase UPS activity (Proteasome-Glo Chymotrypsin-like Cell-Based Assay; Promega) in LNCaP PC cells suggesting an alternative mechanism for increasing protein degradation. BA-mediated inhibition of deubiquitinase (DUB) activity, as determined by DUB-Glo Protease Assay (Promega) and DUB labeling with HA-ubiquitin vinyl sulfone, results in the accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated (Ub) proteins that are recognized by the UPS pathway and degraded. The cyclin D1 T286A mutant that cannot be degraded by the UPS pathway is resistant to BA-mediated degradation. In non-cancer BJ fibroblast, however, BA does not inhibit DUB activity nor increases total poly-Ub proteins and this is associated with no effect on cell death. Our data suggests that BA-mediated inhibition of DUBs and induction of apoptotic cell death specifically in PC but not in non-cancer cells will provide an effective non-toxic and clinically selective agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4679. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4679
Comparison of two methods for simulation of hard X-ray nanofocusing by elliptical mirrors

Wave-optical calculations are essential for predicting the X-ray focusing performance of precisely figured elliptical mirrors. The complex wavefield in the vicinity of the focal plane of a mirror with RMS height error in the nanometer range compared to the best-fit ellipse has been calculated using two methods. A pupil function method that treats the surface topography of a mirror as an aberration to a perfect ellipse was used to obtain the reflected amplitude and phase around the focal point downstream. The results were compared with direct propagation of waves from a point source, and it was found that both methods were in good agreement. Each approach provides advantages that are useful in designing mirrors to achieve diffraction limited focusing.
Concentration-dependent, temperature-dependent non-Newtonian viscosity of lung surfactant dispersions.

Abstract The bulk shear viscosities of aqueous dispersions of lavaged calf lung surfactant (LS) and its chloroform:methanol extract (CLSE) were measured as a function of concentration, shear rate and temperature. At 10-mg phospholipid per milliliter, dispersions of LS and vortexed CLSE in 0.15 M NaCl (saline) had low viscosities near 1 cp over a range of shear rates from 225 to 1125 s−1. Lung surfactant viscosity increased with phospholipid concentration and became strongly non-Newtonian with higher values at low shear rates. At 37°C and 40 mg/ml, LS and vortexed CLSE in saline had viscosities of 38 and 34 cp (77 s−1) and 12 and 7 cp (770 s−1), respectively. Viscosity values for LS and CLSE were dependent on temperature and, at fixed shear, were lower at 23°C than at 37 or 10°C. Hysteresis was also present in viscosity measurements depending on whether shear rate was successively increased or decreased during study. Addition of 5 mM Ca2+ at 37°C markedly reduced CLSE viscosity at all shear rates and decreased LS viscosity at low shear rates. Dispersion by sonication rather than vortexing increased the viscosity of CLSE at fixed shear, while synthetic phospholipids dispersed by either method had low, relatively Newtonian viscosities. The complex viscous behavior of dispersions of LS and CLSE in saline results from their heterogeneous aggregated microstructure of phospholipids and apoproteins. Viscosity is influenced not only by the aggregate surface area under shear, but also by phospholipid–apoprotein interactions and aggregate structure/deformability. Similar complexities likely affect the viscosities of biologically-derived exogenous surfactant preparations administered to patients in clinical surfactant therapy.
Gender, Context, and Television Advertising: A Comprehensive Analysis of 2000 and 2002 House Races

Are men and women portrayed differently in campaigns? Much scholarship and commentary expects that this is so, yet previous studies provide ambiguous evidence on the extent of gender difference.The...
Feasibility of Knots to Reduce the Maximum Dynamic Arresting Load in Rope Systems

Impact loads to the human body due to falls from height can be mitigated by well-designed and characterized fall protection systems. While energy absorption methods using rope deformation and/or accessory components have previously been evaluated, the ability for simple knots tied in the system to alter impact loads has not been studied in detail. We quantify the effectiveness of various common knots to reduce dynamic loads in typical fall scenarios for which the systems are designed, and interpret this change in the context of rope strength reduction due to the knot. Knots are shown to significantly (45–60 %) reduce the quasistatic strength of rope when compared to a manufactured sewn-eye (40 %). A single exception to this outcome is with the quadruple overhand on a bite (30–35 %). Knots significantly reduce the maximum arresting load due to a dynamic impact event when compared to ropes without knots, providing significantly more energy absorption than the sewn-eye alone. In nearly all rope/knot combinations, the ratio of maximum arrest load (MAL) to breaking strength was lower with the knotted ropes when compared to the sewn-eye terminations. In particular, the quadruple overhand on a bite tied in the Technora–Technora rope resulted in MALs that were only 33 % of the minimum breaking strength (MBS). Ropes with sewn-eye terminations resulted in MALs that were 80 % of the MBS. From the scenarios investigated, the quadruple overhand on a bite provides a favorable reduction in arrest loads with the smallest associated loss of strength.