cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in weight of potatoes in consumer packs during marketing

A study was initiated in 1963 to determine the weight loss of Michigan potatoes, in 10 lb and 25 lb consumer packs, during a marketing period of approximately 12 days. The study evaluated weight changes of potatoes harvested in August, September, and potatoes taken from farm storages. Lots were weighed at the grading point, warehouse, and for a period of 10 days afer arrival at each of the retail stores and controlled storages.
An Experimental Study of Phase Noise in CMOS Phase-Locked Loops Considering Different Noise Sources

The loop model of a second order phase-locked loop (PLL) is presented. The effects of different building blocks on the phase noise performance of PLLs are analyzed. Input reference clock, voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and the frequency divider are the dominant noise sources in a PLL system. PLL phase noise prediction by the graphical treatment is introduced. Different types of VCOs are fabricated in 0.5mum CMOS process to investigate the open loop VCO noise. PLLs with different VCOs are also fabricated to study the effect of VCO noise, input reference noise and the divider noise on the noise performance of the whole PLL system. Experimental results closely follow the predicted performance.
Low frequency hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere: Explorer XII☆

Abstract Low frequency hydromagnetic waves are studied in the magnetosphere by using the Explorer XII magnetometer observations. A method is developed to separate transverse Alfven and magnetosonie waves from the satellite results. Several waves of 10 gamma amplitude and 100–200 second period are found. The transverse waves are circularly and elliptically polarized. Evidence of transverse waves originating in the magnetosphere and propagated to the surface of the Earth is found. A model is presented to explain the generation of such waves in the magnetosphere. This study of the hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere covers 7 to 10 Earth radii in radial distance and 75 degrees from the Sun-Earth line toward morning side in longitudinal extent, close to the geomagnetic equator. Polarizations of transverse waves have dependence on local time. It is found that the polarization directions are opposite in sense about 1045 and not 1200 hours local time. Direct evidence for such an asymmetry, suspected from several ground observations, is found for the first time in the magnetosphere.
Numerical solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation for mixing layers

Abstract The problem of linear spatial instability of viscous flows in bounded and unbounded mixing layers is investigated numerically. Spectral and Galerkin methods with expansions in Chebyshev polynomials are used to solve the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. Critical values of the Reynolds number at which the instability arises first in the mixing layers are calculated as a function of the velocity (ratio between the difference and the sum of the velocities of the two parallel flow streams). New modes of instability are determined and the effects of the solid boundaries on the instability processes are also studied.
Accuracy and reproducibility of clinically acquired two-dimensional echocardiographic mass measurements.

Left ventricular mass (LVM) measurements made by the truncated ellipsoid algorithm from clinical two-dimensional echocardiograms (2DE) were compared to autopsy weights in 37 patients. All six 2DE instruments were calibrated with an ultrasound phantom to standardize LVM measurements. Measurements were made by an experienced echocardiographer (LVME) and by an echocardiographer (LVMN) newly trained in LVM measurement from clinical 2DE tapes of patients with LV weights later confirmed at autopsy. LVME (r = 0.91, SEE ± 41 gm) were more accurate than LVMN for all 2DE, but LVMN equalled LVME in accuracy for technically good 2DE. Interobserver variability was 36 gm, or 17% of LVM for all 2DE, and fell to 27 gm, or 12% of LVM for technically good 2DE. Segmental wall motion abnormalities and time from 2DE to death did not influence measurement accuracy significantly. LVM measurements by the 2DE truncated ellipsoid formula are accurate and reproducible in patients with normal and abnormal hearts.
A decision theory paradigm for evaluating identifier mapping and filtering methods using data integration

In bioinformatics, we pre-process raw data into a format ready for answering medical and biological questions. A key step in processing is labeling the measured features with the identities of the molecules purportedly assayed: “molecular identification” (MI). Biological meaning comes from identifying these molecular measurements correctly with actual molecular species. But MI can be incorrect. Identifier filtering (IDF) selects features with more trusted MI, leaving a smaller, but more correct dataset. Identifier mapping (IDM) is needed when an analyst is combining two high-throughput (HT) measurement platforms on the same samples. IDM produces ID pairs, one ID from each platform, where the mapping declares that the two analytes are associated through a causal path, direct or indirect (example: pairing an ID for an mRNA species with an ID for a protein species that is its putative translation). Many competing solutions for IDF and IDM exist. Analysts need a rigorous method for evaluating and comparing all these choices. We describe a paradigm for critically evaluating and comparing IDF and IDM methods, guided by data on biological samples. The requirements are: a large set of biological samples, measurements on those samples from at least two high-throughput platforms, a model family connecting features from the platforms, and an association measure. From these ingredients, one fits a mixture model coupled to a decision framework. We demonstrate this evaluation paradigm in three settings: comparing performance of several bioinformatics resources for IDM between transcripts and proteins, comparing several published microarray probeset IDF methods and their combinations, and selecting optimal quality thresholds for tandem mass spectrometry spectral events. The paradigm outlined here provides a data-grounded approach for evaluating the quality not just of IDM and IDF, but of any pre-processing step or pipeline. The results will help researchers to semantically integrate or filter data optimally, and help bioinformatics database curators to track changes in quality over time and even to troubleshoot causes of MI errors.
AN ELEMENTARY INVARIANT OF KNOTS

We indicate how certain invariants can be computed for polygonal knots with few edges. This leads to conclusions regarding the minimal number of edges required to represent certain knots.
Automatic oscillation detection and characterization in closed-loop systems

Abstract It is well known that oscillations are a major cause for inferior product quality and productivity losses. Understanding the nature and the phenomena that underlie the oscillations is the first step in mitigating their effect on plant performance. Industrial reality is that multiple oscillations are generally present in the data due to several underlying sources. Detection of oscillations and identification of their time periods are difficult due to the presence of noise in data that might lead to spurious peaks in the power spectrum of the process output. This problem of oscillation detection has received much attention in the literature in recent years. In this paper, an oscillation detection approach that is based on processing of the intrinsic modes that are identified by the sieving process of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is proposed. The advantages of the proposed method are: (i) ability to detect the presence of single/multiple oscillations and identify their time periods, (ii) ability to provide the amplitude of oscillations, (iii) robustness to noise, (iv) capability to handle nonstationary trends and, (v) ability to provide information about dominant and weak oscillatory modes in the process data. Simulation studies demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach to noise and its ability to characterize multiple oscillations in the process output. Results obtained from this approach on various industrial case studies are promising and seem to indicate that the proposed technique can be readily implemented in industrial environment.
A spectroelectrochemical study of chemisorption of ethyl xanthate on gold

Abstract The species formed by the anodic oxidation of ethyl xanthate at gold electrodes has been investigated using an ex situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique to distinguish between chemisorbed ethyl xanthate and diethyl dixanthogen. Chemisorption of xanthate was found to commence about 0.15 V below the potential at which dixanthogen deposits and to reach a fractional surface coverage of about 0.2 at the reversible value of the xanthate/dixanthogen couple. The coverage increased in parallel with the anodic current arising from dixanthogen deposition. The significance of these findings on the mechanism of the flotation of gold with ethyl xanthate as collector is discussed.
Alterations in collagen and mineral nanostructure observed in osteoporosis and pharmaceutical treatments using simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering.

The influence of the macroscale material properties of bone on its mechanical competence has been extensively investigated, but less is known about possible contributions from bone’s nanoscale material properties. These nanoscale properties, particularly the collagen network and the size and shape of hydroxyapatite mineral crystals, may be affected by aging, mechanical loading, and diseases including osteoporosis. Here, changes to the collagen and mineral properties of cortical bone induced by osteoporosis and subsequent pharmaceutical treatments were investigated by simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) microbeam mapping. Adult rats (6 months old) were ovariectomized and treated with alendronate, parathyroid hormone, or sodium fluoride, and compared to untreated ovariectomized and age-matched controls. Scattering data from tibial cortical bone showed that osteoporosis increased collagen alignment in existing intracortical bone, while this effect was mitigated in the alendronate and sodium fluoride groups though by different mechanisms. Further, mineral crystal lengths in newly formed cortical bone were smaller in animals with osteoporosis, but existing cortical bone was not altered. Subsequent treatment with alendronate mitigated changes in crystal lengths. Together, these results suggest that osteoporosis may alter the collagen alignment and mineral geometry in bone formed before and after the onset of this disease, and that osteoporosis treatments may differentially rescue these changes.
Linking plant growth responses across topographic gradients in tallgrass prairie

Aboveground biomass in grasslands varies according to landscape gradients in resource availability and seasonal patterns of growth. Using a transect spanning a topographic gradient in annually burned ungrazed tallgrass prairie, we measured changes in the height of four abundant C4 grass species, LAI, biomass, and cumulative carbon flux using two closely located eddy flux towers. We hypothesized that seasonal patterns of plant growth would be similar across the gradient, but the magnitude of growth and biomass accumulation would vary by topographic position, reflecting spatial differences in microclimate, slope, elevation, and soil depth. Thus, identifying and measuring local growth responses according to topographic variability should significantly improve landscape predictions of aboveground biomass. For most of the growth variables measured, classifying topography into four positions best captured the inherent spatial variability. Biomass produced, seasonal LAI and species height increased from the upland and break positions to the slope and lowland. Similarly, cumulative carbon flux in 2008 was greater in lowland versus upland tower locations (difference of 64 g m−2 by DOY 272). Differences in growth by topographic position reflected increased production of flowering culms by Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans in lowland. Varying growth responses by these species may be a significant driver of biomass and carbon flux differences by topographic position, at least for wet years. Using a digital elevation model to classify the watershed into topographic positions, we performed a geographically weighted regression to predict landscape biomass. The minimum and maximum predictions of aboveground biomass for this watershed had a large range (86–393 t per 40.4 ha), illustrating the drastic spatial variability in growth within this annually-burned grassland.
MN OXIDE CONCENTRATION AS EVIDENCE OF A PATHWAY FOR INFILTRATION OF CRUDE OIL INTO A SHALLOW AQUIFER, WEST TEXAS

In November 1991, landowners near Abilene, Texas, found crude oil in their water well. Subsequent drilling (four cores and 30 borings) defined a plume of crude oil (∼300 bbl) floating on shallow, perched groundwater. Data suggest that the oil came from a near-surface leak associated with oil-production activities. Crude oil is present in a thin (0.5 ft), silty sand layer 17.7–19 ft below the surface. Because of water level fluctuation, traces of oil also occur along fractures as deep as 35 ft in two cores collected within the crude-oil plume. The presence of manganese (Mn) oxide coatings along fracture surfaces might prove to be a record of the path of oil as it infiltrated the subsurface. Mn oxide minerals are concentrated along fracture surfaces to depths of 20 ft in two cores located nearest the suspected crude-oil source. Changes in redox conditions and increased microbial activity associated with the crude oil probably caused dissolution, followed by reprecipitation and concentration of Mn oxides. Other effects of crude-oil degradation include high unsaturated zone methane concentrations in a halo around the oil plume. Methane was measured in boreholes at concentrations mainly between 5–50% but locally as high as 98% at depths of 8–10 ft. The methane is most likely a result of both volatilization and biodegradation of the crude oil. Coincident with the methane plume are zones of high carbon dioxide (as much as 10%) and low oxygen (as little as 1.9%) content.
Measurement of the effective sensitive volume of FAMOS cells of an ultraviolet erasable programmable read-only memory

A method is described for measuring the sensitive volume of the oxide which makes up the collection region for erasure surrounding the floating gate of the FAMOS cell of a UVPROM using the data acquired from the output of the pins of the device. A direct measurement of the dose required to erase the Floating gate Avalanche injected metal oxide silicon (FAMOS) cell yields a measurement of the volume of oxide which collects the charge. Another method using target theory to determine the sensitive volume of the device is also presented with good agreement between the methods. The sensitive volume depends on the LET of the radiation. The ramifications for microdosimetry and cell failure are discussed as well as for the long term use aspects of nonvolatile memories.
On the synthesis of pure (meth)acrylate esters and their corresponding homopolymers

Etude de l'origine de la gelification observee dans la polymerisation radicalaire de (meth)acrylates d'alcoxycarbonylmethyle prepares selon la methode de Schotten Baumann a partir de chlorure de (meth)acryloyle et de l'alcool correspondant. La gelification est due a une impurete, l'anhydride (meth)acrylique. Evaluation d'autres methodes de preparation des monomeres
Parametric Models of Linguistic Count Data

It is well known that occurrence counts of words in documents are often modeled poorly by standard distributions like the binomial or Poisson. Observed counts vary more than simple models predict, prompting the use of overdispersed models like Gamma-Poisson or Beta-binomial mixtures as robust alternatives. Another deficiency of standard models is due to the fact that most words never occur in a given document, resulting in large amounts of zero counts. We propose using zero-inflated models for dealing with this, and evaluate competing models on a Naive Bayes text classification task. Simple zero-inflated models can account for practically relevant variation, and can be easier to work with than overdispersed models.
Optimal classifiers with minimum expected error within a Bayesian framework-Part I: Discrete and Gaussian models

In recent years, biomedicine has faced a flood of difficult small-sample phenotype discrimination problems. A host of classification rules have been proposed to discriminate types of pathology, stages of disease and other diagnoses. Typically, these classification rules are heuristic algorithms, with very little understood about their performance. To give a concrete mathematical structure to the problem, recent work has utilized a Bayesian modeling framework based on an uncertainty class of feature-label distributions to both optimize and analyze error estimator performance. The current study uses the same Bayesian framework to also optimize classifier design. This completes a Bayesian theory of classification, where both the classifier error and the estimate of the error may be optimized and studied probabilistically within the model framework. This paper, the first of a two-part study, derives optimal classifiers in discrete and Gaussian models, demonstrates their superior performance over popular classifiers within the assumed model, and applies the method to real genomic data. The second part of the study discusses properties of these optimal Bayesian classifiers.
Feedback Synapse to Cone and Light Adaptation

Light adaptation (LA) allows cone vision to remain functional between twilight and the brightest time of day even though, at anyone time, their intensity-response (I-R) characteristic is limited to 3 log units of the stimulating light. One mechanism underlying LA, was localized in the outer segment of an isolated cone (1,2). We found that by adding annular illumination, an I-R characteristic of a cone can be shifted along the intensity domain. Neural network involving feedback synapse from horizontal cells to cones is involved to be in register with ambient light level of the periphery. An equivalent electrical circuit with three different transmembrane channels leakage, photocurrent and feedback was used to model static behavior of a cone. SPICE simulation showed that interactions between feedback synapse and the light sensitive conductance in the outer segment can shift the IR curves along the intensity domain, provided that phototransduction mechanism is not saturated during maximally hyperpolarized light response.
A Decision Tree for Tuberculosis Contact Investigation

The University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Alabama Department of Public Health recently developed a logistic regression model showing those variables that are most likely to predict a positive tuberculin skin test in contacts of tuberculosis cases. However, translating such a model into field application requires a stepwise approach. This article describes a decision tree developed to assist public health workers in determining which contacts are most likely to have a positive tuberculin skin test. The Classification and Regression Tree analysis was performed on 292 consecutive cases and their 2,941 contacts seen by the Alabama Department of Public Health from January 1, 1998, to October 15, 1998. Several decision trees were developed and were then tested using prospectively collected data from 366 new tuberculosis cases and their 3,162 contacts from October 15, 1998, to April 30, 2000. Testing showed the trees to have sensitivities of 87-94%, specificities of 22-28%, and false-negative rates between 7 and 10%. The use of the decision trees would decrease the number of contacts investigated by 17-25% while maintaining a false-negative rate that was close to that of the presumed background rate of latent tuberculosis infection in the state of Alabama.
Changing Majority and Minority Positions within a Group Versus an Aggregate

The study examined reactions to stable and reversed majority and minority positions within a group or an aggregate of individuals. In support of the hypothesized asymmetrical reactions to changes within a group, it was found that change away from the majority position within a group decreased attraction and expectations for beneficial interactions with others, whereas change toward the majority position did not increase them. Change away from the majority position also increased appreciation for differences in opinions and perceptions of others’ mutual conformity within a group. As expected, preference for the majority position was weaker in an aggregate than in a group; in addition, there was no significant difference in the measured reactions to changes away and toward the majority position within an aggregate. Implications of changes for the functioning of social groups are discussed.
Technology and At-Risk Young Readers and Their Classrooms.

This study examined the ways in which 18 first-grade teachers and their students in 11 high-risk urban schools began to use literacy-focused technology. The goal of the study was to observe the technology in use by the students, to observe the classroom dynamics and teachers’ instructional choices centered around technology use, to look at student learning, and to investigate student and teacher perceptions and beliefs as they began to use technology for literacy. Analyses of classroom and pupil observational data and of student performance data indicated positive effects of the literacy technology on classroom instruction and student literacy achievement. Further, interviews of students and teachers confirmed that the literacy technology was perceived as engaging and effective by both groups of stakeholders. The study also generated implications for further research and practice in schools struggling to make change.
Progression of mycosis of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) after arterial occlusion in a horse with contralateral temporohyoid osteoarthropathy

Case Description—A 6-year-old Appaloosa mare was examined because of inappetance, difficulty eating, and swelling and mucopurulent discharge in the right eye. Clinical Findings—Results of a CBC and serum bio-chemical analysis revealed no important findings. Ophthalmologic examination revealed scarring and ulcer-ation of the superficial layers of the cornea. Endoscopic examination of the upper portion of the respiratory tract and auditory tube diverticula (guttural pouches) revealed abnormal thickness of the right stylohyoid bone and a plaque suggestive of mycotic growth on the left internal carotid artery. Radiographic examination revealed right-sided otitis media. Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy in the right guttural pouch and mycosis in the left guttural pouch were diagnosed. Treatment and Outcome—Ceratohyoidectomy of the right stylohyoid bone was performed, and the left internal carotid artery was occluded via placement of stainless steel spring embolization coils. The mare regained the ability to eat wi...
Characterizing man-made and natural modifications of microbial diversity and activity in coastal ecosystems

The impacts of growing coastal pollution and habitat alteration accompanying human encroachment are of great concern at the microbial level, where much of the ocean's primary production and biogeochemical cycling takes place. Coastal ecosystems are also under the influence of natural perturbations such as major storms and flooding. Distinguishing the impacts of natural and human stressors is essential for understanding environmentally-induced change in microbial diversity and function. The objective of this paper is to discuss the applications and merits of recently developed molecular, ecophysiological and analytical indicators and their utility in examining anthropogenic and climatic impacts on the structure and function of coastal microbial communities. The nitrogen-limited Neuse River Estuary and Pamlico Sound, North Carolina are used as examples of ecosystems experiencing both anthropogenic (i.e., accelerating eutrophication) and climatic stress (increasing frequencies of tropical storms and hurricanes). Additional examples are derived from a coastal monitoring site (LEO) on the Atlantic coast of New Jersey and Galveston Bay, on the Gulf of Mexico. In order to assess structure, function, and trophic state of these and other coastal ecosystems, molecular (DNA and RNA-based) characterizations of the microbial taxa involved in carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient transformations can be combined with diagnostic pigment-based indicators of primary producer groups. Application of these methods can reveal process-level microbial community responses to environmental variability over a range of scales. Experimental approaches combined with strategic monitoring utilizing these methods will facilitate: (a) understanding organismal and community responses to environmental change, and (b) synthesizing these responses in the context of ecosystem models that integrate physical, chemical and biotic variability with environmental controls.
Magnetic reconnection: three-dimensional aspects and onset in the magnetotail

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma transport mechanism in space and laboratory plasmas. In recent years, much progress has been made in the understanding of the fundamentals of the reconnection process, including basic laws governing magnetic reconnection in three dimensions, the physical mechanisms providing the electric field in the dissipation region, and the onset of magnetic reconnection in the magnetotaiI of the Earth. This paper summarizes this progress and uses numerical simulations to illustrate the theoretical results in the framework of a solar and a magnetospheric example of magnetic reconnection.
The Temporal Transcendence of the Teacher as Other.

AbstractOver the last decades, education has shifted more clearly to a learner-centered understanding, including particularly constructivism, leaving little room conceptually for a substantive role for the teacher. This article develops a Levinasian framework for understanding the teacher as other. It begins by exploring the spatial metaphors of Levinas’s idea of the teacher as transcendent but shifts to Levinas’s idea of time as instants (durations) that come to the ego as a gift from the future. The article employs these temporal metaphors to understand better the transcendence of the teacher.
Conscious Augmentation of Creative State Enhances "Real" Creativity in Open-Ended Analogical Reasoning.

Humans have an impressive ability to augment their creative state (i.e., to consciously try and succeed at thinking more creatively). Though this “thinking cap” phenomenon is commonly experienced, the range of its potential has not been fully explored by creativity research, which has often focused instead on creativity as a trait. A key question concerns the extent to which conscious augmentation of state creativity can improve creative reasoning. Although artistic creativity is also of great interest, it is creative reasoning that frequently leads to innovative advances in science and industry. Here, we studied state creativity in analogical reasoning, a form of relational reasoning that spans the conceptual divide between intelligence and creativity and is a core mechanism for creative innovation. Participants performed a novel Analogy Finding Task paradigm in which they sought valid analogical connections in a matrix of word-pairs. An explicit creativity cue elicited formation of substantially more creative analogical connections (measured via latent semantic analysis). Critically, the increase in creative analogy formation was not due to a generally more liberal criterion for analogy formation (that is, it appeared to reflect “real” creativity rather than divergence at the expense of appropriateness). The use of an online sample provided evidence that state creativity augmentation can be successfully elicited by remote cuing in an online environment. Analysis of an intelligence measure provided preliminary indication that the influential “threshold hypothesis,” which has been proposed to characterize the relationship between intelligence and trait creativity, may be extensible to the new domain of state creativity.
Ultrafast Optical Waveform Characterization and Generation Using a Four-Wave Mixing Time Lens on a Silicon Chip

We demonstrate two temporal imaging systems using a four-wave-mixing-based time lens. High-speed performance monitoring using a temporal magnification system and high-speed NRZ packet generation using a temporal compression system are demonstrated.
Training Student Air Traffic Controllers to Trust Automation

Abstract The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will implement new automation tools to allow controllers to effectively manage the projected increase in air travel over the next decade. In order for the implementation of NextGen tools to be successful, it is important that air traffic controllers (ATCos) develop appropriate levels of trust in these automated tools. The present study investigated whether students could be trained to trust automation in a NextGen environment, and whether their trust in automation would affect their air traffic management performance. We also examined if personality traits influence the student's likelihood to trust automation. We found an early benefit in terms of efficiency in air traffic management for students who were trained to trust automation. We also found that people with high emotional stability reported higher levels of trust in automation.
The Neural Basis of Color Binding to an Attended Object

A key prediction of object-based models of attention is that paying attention to one feature of an object results in the preferential selection of the entire object, including its features that are task irrelevant. Using event-related brain potentials, we investigated the timing of the selection of a task-irrelevant color feature while subjects discriminated object shapes. The selection of the task-irrelevant color belonging to the attended shape occurred approximately 50 ms after the sensory encoding of color was initiated in ventral, extrastriate visual cortex (area V4/V8). The neural generators of this attention-related facilitation of the irrelevant color feature were localized to the same color-selective cortical region. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that selection of an object on the basis of its overall form or shape leads to enhanced processing of the object's irrelevant features in their feature-specific modules, suggesting a general mechanism for binding separate features into unified perceptual objects.
Study of eNOS gene G894T polymorphism in CHD patients of multi-ethnic group of Xingjiang

Objective:To study the relation of coronary heart diserse and polymorphism of gene of eNOS gene in multi-ethnic group in Xingjiang.Methods:The eNOS gene related topolymorphism of G894T were detected by polymerized chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) in 87 case of CHD patients of Hasake nationality and 70 healthy subjects,73case of CHD patients of Mongolian nationality and 87 healthy subjects,79case of CHD patients of Han nationality and 91 healthy subjects,84case of CHD patients of Uyger and 82 healthy subjects.Results:The patients with CHD of four nationality as compared to those of healthy subjects show that no significant difference in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies in Han and Mongolian nationality patients with CHD(P0.05),there have significant difference in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies in Uyger and Hasake nationality patients with CHD(P0.05).Conclusion:It is concluded that the allele frequencies of G894T of eNOS gene are not correlated with CHD patients in Han and Mongolian nationality,the allele frequencies of G894T of eNOS gene are correlated with CHD patients in Uyger and Hasake nationality.
A cross-sectional survey on AIDS knowledge,attitude and practice among rural migrant construction workers in a city in Jiangxi

Objective To identify the knowledge,attitude and practice( KAP) about AIDS among rural migrant construction workers in a city in Jiangxi,in order to provide a scientific theory basis for AIDS prevention and control. Methods A total of 475 male migrant workers were selected from 3 construction enterprises using stratified cluster sampling method and interviewed by questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were utilized for the data analysis. Results The awareness rate of AIDS-related questions among migrant construction workers was 58. 32%. Migrant workers who were older or at lower educational level showed lower rate. The differences were statistically significant( age: χ2= 30. 892,P 0. 001; educational level: χ2 = 25. 301,P 0. 001). 71. 79% of the migrant workers were willing to provide more help to AIDS patients. However,only 17. 26% believed that those patients who were infected with HIV virus through sex or drugs should be sympathized. The main risk behavior of migrant workers should be sharing razors with other co-workers( 41.47%). The behaviors of selling blood,owning more than one sexual partner,happening commercial sex,having sex with casual partner in recent one year accounted for 3. 58%,18. 11%,11. 37% and 9. 89%,respectively. Conclusion Rural migrant construction workers in the city were lack of knowledge about AIDS non-transmission approaches. The attitude towards AIDS patients and HIV-infected people should be improved. HIV-related risk behaviors existed among those workers.
The hemodynamic effect of dopamine in children.

Although dopamine is a useful therapeutic agent to augment cardiac function in adults, there is little information about the hemodynamic effects of dopamine in children. To delineate the hemodynamic effects of dopamine in children, we infused two doses of dopamine (2 and 7.75 μg/kg/min) into 10 children during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. We measured heart rate, systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, right atrial, and pulmonary capillary blood pressure, and cardiac output. During infusion of 7.75 μg/kg/min of dopamine, cardiac index increased from 3.9 to 5.4 L/min/m2, stroke volume increased from 43 to 57 ml/stroke and systemic vascular resistance declined from 1,697 to 1,165 dynes-cm-5-sec-m2. These indices also were changed significantly from control during infusion of 2 μg/kg/min of dopamine. The ratio of mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure to mean systemic arterial blood pressure in one patient with pulmonary vascular obstructive disease increased from 0.73 to 1.15, and ventricular bigeminy occurred during infusion of 7.75 μg/kg/min of dopamine. Dopamine is a potentially useful inotropic agent in children, but the use of dopamine may be contraindicated in patients with elevated and fixed vascular resistance.
Tissue sources of protein kinase activities in human seminal fluid: Studies of normal, oligozoospermic, and vasectomized men

Protein kinase activities in seminal fluids of normo-, hypo-, and Oligozoospermic and vasectomized men were measured using lysine-rich histones and partially dephosphorylated phosvitin as acceptor substrates. There was a significant relationship of histone kinase but not phosvitin kinase activities with the number of spermatozoa originally present in the semen. Histone kinase and phosvitin kinase activities were diminished 88% and 62%, respectively, in vasectomy seminal fluid. The sex accessory gland sources of seminal fluid protein kinase activities not associated with spermatozoa were examined in split ejaculates of vasectomized men. Histone kinase activity was greater in the first fractions, suggesting that the prostate is its predominant contributor; whereas the distribution of phosvitin kinase activity did not indicate any preferential accessory gland source of this enzyme.
Survey of Robotics in Industrial Engineering Education

Due to the steady increase in the utilization of industrial robots in the 1980’s, additional qualified industrial engineers will be needed to install the robots, and to interface them with other automated equipment. In response to the increase in the utilization of robots, a growing number of universities with industrial engineering (IE) departments are revising their programs to include courses, instructional laboratories, and research facilities in robotics.
Abstract 137: Conditional Knockout of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 in Renal Collecting Ducts Promotes Sodium Retention in Mice

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite formed by phosphorylation of sphingosine. We have recently shown that renal medullary infusion of S1P agonist increases sodium excretion possibly through inhibition of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity via S1P receptor 1 (S1P1), which is prominently localized in the collecting ducts. The present study was to test the hypothesis that the S1P1 in collecting duct plays a pivotal role in the regulation of renal sodium handling. We generated conditional knocked-out (CKO) mice with collecting duct-specific ablation of S1P1 using loxP-Cre system. Functionally, urinary sodium excretion in S1P1 CKO mice was significantly decreased by about 60% compared with that in control mice after acute IV sodium loading (0.84±0.16 vs. 2.22±0.62 μmole/min/g kwt). Moreover, the pressure natriuresis was severely impaired in S1P1 CKO mice compared with that in the control mice (4.32±1.04 vs. 8.73±0.19 μmole/min/g kwt). Furthermore, chronic high salt-induced sodium retention was remarkably enhanced in S1P1 CKO mice comparing to the control animals (5.27±0.39 vs. 2.38±1.04 mmole/24h/100g bw). Our results suggested that S1P1 in collecting duct plays an important role in the regulation of renal sodium excretion and that deficiency of S1P1 in collecting duct impairs renal sodium handling and promotes sodium retention. Modulation of S1P1 function in the renal medulla could be a therapeutic approach for salt-sensitive hypertension.
Comprehensive Head and Neck Exam

An exam of the head and neck region is essential for every patient that we encounter as dentists. When done in a systematic and efficient way, it should only take a few minutes of time. The key to performing this exam is noting asymmetries and determining if pathology is involved.
Creep Crack Growth Behavior of Alloys 617 and 800H in Air and Impure Helium Environments at High Temperatures

The environmental degradation of intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) materials in impure helium has been identified as an area with major ramifications on the design of very high-temperature reactors (VHTR). It has been reported that in some helium environments, non-ductile failure is a significant failure mode for Alloy 617 with long-term elevated-temperature service. Non-ductile failure of intermediate exchangers can result in catastrophic consequences; unfortunately, the knowledge of creep crack initiation and creep crack growth (CCG) in candidate alloys is limited. Current codes and code cases for the candidate alloys do not provide specific guidelines for effects of impure helium on the high-temperature behavior. The work reported here explores creep crack growth characterization of Alloy 617 and Alloy 800H at elevated temperatures in air and in impure helium environments, providing information on the reliability of these alloys in VHTR for long-term service. Alloy 617 was found to exhibit superior CCG resistance compared to Alloy 800H. For Alloy 617 tested at 973 K (700 °C), a notable increase in the resistance to crack growth was measured in air compared to that measured in the helium environment; CCG results for Alloy 800H suggest that air and helium environments produce similar behavior. Testing of grain boundary-engineered (GBE) Alloy 617 samples revealed that, although the technique produces superior mechanical properties in many respects, the GBE samples exhibited inferior resistance to creep crack growth compared to the other Alloy 617 samples tested under similar conditions. Grain size is noted as a confounding factor in creep crack growth resistance.
An Alpha-1A Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Prevents Acute Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy in Male Mice

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors mediate adaptive effects in the heart and cardiac myocytes, and a myocyte survival pathway involving the alpha-1A receptor subtype and ERK activation exists in vitro. However, data in vivo are limited. Here we tested A61603 (N-[5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methanesulfonamide), a selective imidazoline agonist for the alpha-1A. A61603 was the most potent alpha-1-agonist in activating ERK in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. A61603 activated ERK in adult mouse ventricular myocytes and protected the cells from death caused by the anthracycline doxorubicin. A low dose of A61603 (10 ng/kg/d) activated ERK in the mouse heart in vivo, but did not change blood pressure. In male mice, concurrent subcutaneous A61603 infusion at 10 ng/kg/d for 7 days after a single intraperitoneal dose of doxorubicin (25 mg/kg) increased survival, improved cardiac function, heart rate, and cardiac output by echocardiography, and reduced cardiac cell necrosis and apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. All protective effects were lost in alpha-1A-knockout mice. In female mice, doxorubicin at doses higher than in males (35-40 mg/kg) caused less cardiac toxicity than in males. We conclude that the alpha-1A-selective agonist A61603, via the alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, prevents doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in male mice, supporting the theory that alpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonists have potential as novel heart failure therapies.
Understanding LI-RADS, Its Relationship to AASLD and OPTN, and the Challenges of Its Adoption

Imaging-based diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is incorporated in many clinical guidelines on the management of HCC. However, there is variability in the diagnostic criteria for HCC and lack of precise definitions for imaging characteristics. With the intent of standardization and maintaining compatibility with the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) was developed as a system for standardizing the performance, interpretation, and reporting of CT and MRI in patients at high risk of HCC. It precisely defines the terms and imaging features used in the diagnostic algorithm with the aid of a lexicon and illustrative atlas. While it is a comprehensive system, the challenges to its adoption are not trivial and can be controversial. A better understanding of the purpose and the limitation of the system can help in building consensus within and across disciplines. In this paper, we describe LI-RADS and its relationship to AASLD and OPTN guidelines. The LR-5 category is essentially equivalent to OPTN class 5 with few minor exceptions. LR-5 has been expanded to also encompass the AASLD definition of HCC. LR-4, LR-3, and LR-2 allow for more granular classification of indeterminate lesions. We highlight the advantages of the system and try to address the challenges that may impede or delay its adoption. We also review the emerging literature on its validation emphasizing that since LR-5 is designed to be specific, many HCCs will not meet LR-5 criteria and most of them will be LR-4.
POSTER: Location Privacy Using Homomorphic Encryption

Users’ location data has become important contextual information that is used by many popular geosocial applications (such as Facebook) to notify users when a friend is within specified vicinity, to recommend like-minded users who are within a given geographic proximity, or to deliver targeted ads.
Wedding Reality TV Bites Black: Subordinating Ethnic Weddings in the South African Black Culture:

Black South Africans generally celebrate two types of weddings, one white and the second ‘traditional.’ This article uses the political economy theory and draws from multimodal critical discourse a...
Foreign antigen-independent memory-phenotype CD4 + T cells: a new player in innate immunity?

Foreign antigen-independent memory-phenotype CD4 + T cells: a new player in innate immunity?
Appendix E: Memorandum to the Lawyers of Soghomon Tehlirian

The documents reproduced in my book, Documents officiels concernant les massacres armeniens (Paris, 1920), were in the possession of Naim Bey, who had been the Secretary of the Sub-Directorate for Deportees in Aleppo. The Sub-Directorate—whose central leadership was located in Constantinople, and which had as director-general a young member of the Committee of Union and Progress by the name of Shukri Bey—was responsible for carrying out all of the orders and measures concerning the Armenian deportees, as Aleppo was the central point from which these deportees were led toward the deserts of Syria and Mesopotamia.
Radioisotopic assay of vitamin B12 in tissues

The present study delineates the application of the radioisotopic competitive-inhibition assay for the measurement of vitamin B12 in tissues. The extraction of endogenous B12 from tissues was shown to be simple and complete. Proportional dilution studies suggest that tissue factors do not interfere with the assay. Although some variability exists when multiple areas of an organ are sampled, the differences between B12 levels in tissues obtained from normal individuals and B12-deprived individuals are so wide that individual intra-organ variability is trivial, As this tissue B12 assay is similar to the widely utilized radioisotopic assays for serum B12, it is applicable for routine use.
Glucose-Induced Transcriptional Hysteresis: Role in Obesity, Metabolic Memory, Diabetes, and Aging

During differentiation transient, inducers produce permanent changes in gene expression. A similar phenomenon, transcriptional hysteresis, produced by transient or prolonged exposure to glucose, leads to cumulative, persistent, and largely irreversible effects on glucose-regulated gene expression, and may drive key aspects of metabolic memory, obesity, diabetes, and aging, and explain the protective effects of dietary restriction during aging. The most relevant effects of glucose-induced transcriptional hysteresis are the persistent effects of elevated glucose on genes that control glucose metabolism itself. A key observation is that, as with the lac operon, glucose induces genes that promote glycolysis and inhibits gene expression of alternative metabolic pathways including the pentose pathway, beta oxidation, and the TCA cycle. A similar pattern of metabolic gene expression is observed during aging, suggesting that cumulative exposure to glucose during aging produces this metabolic shift. Conversely, dietary restriction, which increases lifespan and delays age-related impairments, produces the opposite metabolic profile, leading to a shift away from glycolysis and toward the use of alternative substrates, including lipid and ketone metabolisms. The effect of glucose on gene expression leads to a positive feedback loop that leads to metastable persistent expression of genes that promote glycolysis and inhibit alternative pathways, a phenomenon first observed in the regulation of the lac operon. On the other hand, this pattern of gene expression can also be inhibited by activation of peroxisome proliferator activating receptor transcription factors that promote beta oxidation and inhibit metabolism of glucose-derived carbon bonds in the TCA cycle. Several pathological consequences may arise from glucose-induced transcriptional hysteresis. First, elevated glucose induces glycolytic genes in pancreatic beta cells, which induces a semi-stable persistent increase in insulin secretion, which could drive obesity and insulin resistance, and also due to glucose toxicity could eventually lead to beta-cell decompensation and diabetes. Diabetic complications persist even after complete normalization of glucose, a phenomenon known as metabolic memory. This too can be explained by persistent bistable expression of glucose-induced glycolytic genes.