cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The sock electrode array: a tool for determining global epicardial activation during unstable arrhythmias.

The conventional technique for mapping the sequence of epicardial activation uses a hand-held electrode moved over the heart to record from a number of epicardial sites one at a time, and requires 5–15 minutes to record from 50 or more sites distributed over the entire ventricular epicardium. This method is inadequate for arrhythmias that are transient or vary from beat to beat. To overcome these limitations the “sock electrode array,” a contour-fitting sock containing 26 or 52 electrodes, has been developed. The nylon mesh sock is pulled over the heart and permits simultaneous recording of potentials from electrodes distributed over the entire ventricular epicardium. The electro-grams are recorded and converted to digital form for computer generation of isochronous maps. Maps of the epicardial activation sequence derived from the sock electrode were compared to those obtained by the hand-held electrode in six normal dogs during sinus rhythm and ventricular pacing. The sequence of local activation times acquired by both methods showed similar areas of early and late activation and comparable isochronous maps. The hand-held electrode technique required 10–15 minutes for data acquisition and another 15–30 minutes for analysis. The sock electrode array allowed electrograms from 26 epicardial electrodes to be recorded simultaneously during one cardiac cycle and computer generated isochronous maps could be displayed within 10 minutes. This method allows rapid recording and analysis of epicardial electrical phenomena and should meet the time constraints imposed during the intraoperative study of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients.
LITERATURE‐BASED LANGUAGE ARTS PROGRAMS: PROMISES AND PROBLEMS

The contributions of children's literature to children's language development and to their increased cultural awareness are discussed in other articles in this issue. In this article, several types of literature‐based language arts programs are described, and some of the major issues related to implementing such programs are addressed. The most significant characteristics of successful programs are specified: those related to the classroom and the school, those related to the teacher and parent/caregiver, and those within the learner. Finally, some means of evaluating the success of literature‐based language arts programs are presented.
Tau Decays to 3h(π0)ν and 5h(π0)ν from CLEO

We present new measurements of the branching fractions B ( τ → 3 h ± ( π 0 ) ν τ ), together with recently published results for B ( τ → 5 h ± ( π 0 ) ν τ ). We compare these measurements with relations based upon isospin, CVC, and lattice gauge theoretical calculations.
Health care provider attitudes toward patients with acute vaso-occlusive crisis due to sickle cell disease: Development of a scale

Objective Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often perceive negative provider attitudes, which may affect the quality of patient–provider communication and care during vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). This study investigated the validity and reliability of a scale to measure provider attitudes toward patients with acute VOC.
Structure and function of serotonin G protein-coupled receptors

Serotonin receptors are prevalent throughout the nervous system and the periphery, and remain one of the most lucrative and promising drug discovery targets for disorders ranging from migraine headaches to neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. There are 14 distinct serotonin receptors, of which 13 are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are targets for approximately 40% of the approved medicines. Recent crystallographic and biochemical evidence has provided a converging understanding of the basic structure and functional mechanics of GPCR activation. Currently, two GPCR crystal structures exist for the serotonin family, the 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptor, with the antimigraine and valvulopathic drug ergotamine bound. The first serotonin crystal structures not only provide the first evidence of serotonin receptor topography but also provide mechanistic explanations into functional selectivity or biased agonism. This review will detail the findings of these crystal structures from a molecular and mutagenesis perspective for driving rational drug design for novel therapeutics incorporating biased signaling.
Pollen Ultrastructure in Anther Cultures of Nicotiana tabacum II. CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH EMBRYOGENESIS

In ultrathin sections of 7- and 8-d-old anther cultures of Nicotiana tabacum examined in the electron microscope, embryogenic pollen was distinguished by the presence of zones in the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell consisting of multivesiculate bodies resembling lysosomes. These zones increased with time, and in 12-d-old samples (in which divisions of the vegetative cell were about to commence), were almost devoid of contents. Ribosomes appeared to be virtually eliminated from the cell and many other organelles degraded; the few that remained, mainly plastids, were clustered around and in close contact with the vegetative nucleus. Plastid contents also declined with time, but mitochondrial structure changed little. It is concluded that the gametophytic cytoplasm is destroyed before the first sporophytic divisions of the vegetative cell. In the same sections, other structurally viable pollen which lacked lysigenous zones was characterized by dense vegetative cytoplasm containing numerous small vacuoles. Mitochondrial and plastid structure differed from that of the embryogenic grains, and in some instances lacked clear structural definition. Extensive stacks of rough e.r., which traversed the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell, were interpreted as assembly sites for excess gametophytic protein and RNA synthesised during the culture period.
Relationship of the MacAndrew Scale to Sensation Seeking

Findings of Baker, Beer, and Beer on use of the MacAndrew Scale in relating sensation seeking to alcoholism require comment. It is argued that the MacAndrew Scale does not provide interval level data below the cut-off score so correlations on such data should be point biserial.
Flow-level QoS for a dynamic load of rate adaptive sessions sharing a bottleneck link

We consider the flow-level quality of service (QoS) seen by a dynamic load of rate adaptive sessions sharing a bottleneck link based on fair share bandwidth allocation. This is of interest both in considering wired networks supporting rate adaptive multimedia sessions and wireless networks supporting voice with rate adaptation to realize graceful degradation during congested periods. Two QoS metrics are considered: the time-average instantaneous utility of the allocated bandwidth, and the time-average of transition penalties associated with the changes in allocation seen by a flow. We present a simple model for rate adaptation, where (heterogeneous) flows can vary their rates within (different) ranges, and present closed-form results for these perceived flow-level QoS metrics. We then prove asymptotic results for large capacity systems exhibiting the salient features of rate adaptation in a dynamic network. Finally, we provide a concrete example, showing how the QoS seen by sessions with different degrees of adaptivity would vary under a natural fair bandwidth allocation policy.
Transformer Voltages, Part I: Analysis of Voltages Listed in ANSI C57, C84, and C92 Standards

The voltages listed in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) C57 transformer standards are analyzed, tabular comparisons with those listed in the ANSI C84 and C92 preferred voltage standards are provided, and classifications for them as ``preferred,'' ``non-preferred,'' or ``non-standard'' are recommended. Observations are included pertinent to the pattern of the tabulations which are intended to contribute to improved standardization and coordination of ANSI Committees C57, C84, and C92. Information on International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) voltages is included in the Appendix for comparison. Finally, questions are raised in conclusion to stimulate constructive thought, and hopefully action, in the U.S. electrical industry to improve voltage standardization.
Oil Production by Electric Power

It is well known in the oil industry that no two oil wells are alike, therefore this article has been prepared to cover specific conditions affecting the application of electric power to the operation of producing wells, the selection of suitable electric equipment for this purpose, and the layout of electric power distribution systems in the oil fields.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone

Neoplasms of bone can arise from any of the cellular elements that constitute osseous tissues. Although tumors of vascular origin are not uncommon, the vast majority are benign. A rare malignant vascular tumor--epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone--classifically affects young males and produces osteolytic lesions involving the cortex and cancellous bone of the lower extremities. We present a case with these findings, as well as such unusual findings as cervical spine instability and lesions affecting no fewer than 45 different bones. We conclude that epithelioid hemangioendothelioma should be investigated by skeletal survey because (1) osteolytic lesions involving more that 50% of the cortex present a serious risk for pathologic fracture and (2) the natural history of multicentric epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is more indolent than its solitary counterparts.
Optimal kernels for time-frequency analysis

Current bilinear time-frequency representations apply a fixed kernel to smooth the Wigner distribution. However the choice of a fixed kernel limits the class ofsignals that can be analyzed effectively. This paper presents optimality criteria for the design of signal-dependeni kernels that suppress cross-components while passing as much auto-component energy as possible irrespective of the form of the signal. A fast algorithm for the optimal kernel solution makes the procedure competitive computationaily with fixed kernel methods. Examples demonstrate the superior performance of the optimal kernel for a frequency modulated signal.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Communist ideology and international affairs

logic of their own, even if initially fitting the theoretical assumptions. Doctrine is then "creatively" extended, new principles are extrapolated from the original set of assumptions, new generalizations crystallize, and, finally, the identity of the ideology emerges. Ideology is in effect the link between theory and action. It may be defined as an action program derived from certain doctrinal assumptions about the nature of reality and expressed through stated, not overly complex, assertions about the inadequacy of the past and present state of societal affairs. These assertions include
Design process for developing a liquid cooling garment hood

A liquid cooling garment (LCG) protects astronauts by providing cooling effects and preventing them from overheating. The objectives of this project were to improve fit and comfort of the original LCG hood of the MACS-Delphi garment and develop a new prototype. The project was conducted by researchers with different backgrounds: apparel design and physiology and psychology. A design process framework developed by LaBat and Sokolowski (1999) was used in order to help facilitate the process and aid in communication during the multi-disciplinary collaboration. Four crucial problems were identified: 1) the tubing layout that circulates water did not conform to the shape of the head and tubing distribution was not maximised; 2) a difficult stitching method was being used to attach tubing; 3) fabric sources were inconsistent; 4) the hood did not fit properly. Each problem was addressed, improvements implemented and a revised hood was developed. The hood was tested in an environmental chamber and demonstrated effective cooling. Revisions implemented for the LCG hood may be applied to revisions of the whole-body LCG. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The objectives of this project were to improve fit and comfort of the original LCG hood and develop a new prototype. The new prototype will increase safety of the astronauts by providing better heat extraction quality and improved fit and increased wearer comfort.
Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, spinors and the standard model

Abstract The quantization of the simplest supersymmetric quantum mechanical theory of a free fermion on a riemannian manifold requires the introduction of a complex structure on the tangent space. In 4 dimensions, the subgroup of the group of frame rotations that preserves the complex structure is SU(2) × U(1), and it is argued that this symmetry can be consistently interpreted to be an internal gauge symmetry for the analytically continued theory in Minkowski space. The states of the theory carry the quantum numbers of a generation of leptons in the Wienberg-Salam model. Examination of the geometry of spinors in four dimensions also provides a natural SU(3) symmetry and a very simple construction of a multiplet with the standard model quantum numbers.
Status of human germ cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells

Historically, the quality of life of infertile couples has been greatly diminished by the loss of opportunity to conceive. However, beginning with the advent of IVF in the late 1970s, novel clinical interventions have greatly changed the outlook for those with severe forms of infertility. Yet, in cases in which the quality and quantity of germ cells are most compromised, there are few options. In the present paper, the current status of germ cell development from stem cells is reviewed in light of potential utility for basic science and clinical applications.
Prediction of Icing Effects on the Dynamic Response of Light Airplanes

The accumulation of ice on an airplane in flight is one of the leading contributing factors to general aviation accidents. To date, only relatively sophisticated methods based on detailed empirical data and flight data exist for its analysis. This paper develops a methodology and simulation tool for preliminary safety and performance evaluations of airplane dynamic response and climb performance in icing conditions. The important aspect of dynamic response sensitivity to pilot control input with the autopilot disengaged is also highlighted. Using only basic mass properties, configuration, propulsion data, and known icing data from a similar configuration, icing effects are applied to the dynamics of a non-real-time, six degree-of-freedom simulation model of a different, but similar, light airplane. Besides evaluating various levels of icing severity, the paper addresses distributed icing which consists of wing alone, horizontal tail alone, and unequal distributions of combined wing and horizontal tail icing. Results presented in the paper for a series of simulated climb maneuvers with various levels and distributions of ice accretion show that the methodology captures the basic effects of ice accretion on pitch response and climb performance, and the sensitivity of the dynamic response to pilot control inputs.
The perception of time relations in auditory tempo discrimination

European starlings (Sturnuis vulgaris) were trained to discriminate between pulses of sound presented at rates (tempos), for different birds, of 4/sec and 8/sec or 8/sec and 16/sec in a two-alternative choice task. Once the discrimination was learned, psychometric functions and bisection points were determined for tempos between the standards. Then the starlings were transferred to a new discrimination, which either maintained or changed the relationship between response keys and tempo (relational or nonrelational transfer). The results showed that the starlings generated psychometric functions for tempo with properties much like those found for discrimination of single time intervals. Also, the starlings transferred the tempo discrimination faster under the relational than the nonrelational condition. In general, starlings-like human and other nonhuman animals-perceive temporal structures as invariant over proportional changes in the duration of structural elements.
The Fiddle Factor: Social Binding Functions of Distractions

An attempt is made to identify a typology of “fiddles”—informal and formal devices used by individuals and groups to facilitate communication and adhesion. Fiddling is defined as minor diversionary activity which is not directly related to the primary purpose of the person or group in communication. Identified and described on the personal level is the “fidget fiddle”; in interpersonal communication, the “conversational fiddle” and the “ritual fiddle”; in larger groups, the “orchestral fiddle” and the “task fiddle.” The “strategic fiddle,” applied to both interpersonal and group communication, is discussed. Briefly mentioned are the “catalytic fiddle” and the “status fiddle.” The typology of fiddles in communication behavior is presented as suggestive and exploratory. Relationships of the fiddle factor with education, communication research and psychoanalytic research are discussed.
Tail of death and resurrection

Estimating the proportion of rare species in particular habitats is a big issue for ecologists. Hence the intensity of debate over whether 'neutral theory' has predictive value for species abundances.
Rehabilitation professionals still do not communicate effectively about cognition.

Abstract Objective To examine current use of descriptive labels for levels of cognitive impairment and types of memory to explore whether rehabilitation disciplines are now communicating more effectively. Design Survey of rehabilitation professionals. Setting Hospital rehabilitation programs. Participants Respondents (N=130) representing 8 facilities in 5 states completed surveys. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Responses to survey questions about severity and types of memory impairment were examined with the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the impact of profession on ratings. Post hoc Mann-Whitney U test comparisons of the 2 professions with the most cognitive assessment experience, psychologists/neuropsychologists and speech-language pathologists, were conducted. Results Ratings of various deficit levels differed significantly by profession (mild: H =39.780, P H =43.309, P H =38.354, P U =103.000, P U =78.000, P U =109.000, P Conclusions A significant lack of consensus persists regarding the understanding of common cognitive terminology. This miscommunication affects cognitive impairment descriptors (eg, mild, moderate, severe) and categorization of types of memory. Only half of rehabilitation professionals appear aware of this discrepancy, suggesting that education is necessary to bring greater awareness of the potential for miscommunication.
What have we learned from CATIE about the pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia

The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health compared the effectiveness of four second-generation antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone), and one first-generation antipsychotic (perphenazine) in 1460 individuals with chronic schizophrenia. A hybrid of effectiveness and efficacy study design, the primary outcome was antipsychotic “effectiveness,” as measured by discontinuation of the assigned antipsychotic because of inadequate efficacy, inadequate tolerability, patient decision, or other reason. Most (64% to 82%) patients discontinued the phase-I antipsychotic before 18 months of treatment (approximately two-thirds subjects continued treatment with a different antipsychotic in phase 2). The five antipsychotics varied significantly in effectiveness, efficacy, and side-effect profiles. CATIE baseline results also find the general health of individuals with chronic schizophrenia to be poor, highlighting concerns about added risk from metabolic side effects of some antipsychotics. Analysis of comparative cost effectiveness, impact on cognition, rates of recovery, phase 2 results, and many other analyses are forthcoming, and the cumulative findings from the CATIE study will provide an evidence base for clinicians, health care administrators, patients and their families to make pharmacologic treatment choices.
Evolution of the upper mantle beneath southeast Australia: geochemical evidence from peridotite xenoliths in Mount Leura basanite

Major and trace element abundances and isotopic ratios (Sr and Nd) of nine spinel peridotite xenoliths from Mount Leura in southeast Australia show that the upper mantle beneath this volcanic center is compositionally and isotopically heterogeneous on the scale of kilometers or less. These xenoliths range from lherzolites overlap with MORB to harzburgites with relative light rare earth enrichment and Sr and Nd isotopic ratios similar to ocean island basalts. Eight of nine whole-rock xenoliths define elongated positive trends in Sr and Nd isochron plots. These trends reflect mixing of depleted and enriched components. Acid-leaching experiments show that the enriched component containing abundant light REE and Sr was incorporated mostly into clinopyroxene. In addition to clinopyroxene, another phase (probably amphibole and phlogopite) is required to account for incompatible element abundances and87Sr/86Sr ratios in harzburgites. Estimated equilibration temperatures correlate with bulk rock compositions suggesting that the upper mantle may be compositionally zoned, with the uppermost mantle dominated by harzburgites which have been extensively affected by enrichment processes. With increasing depth spinel lherzolites less affected by enrichment processes may be more abundant.
Cannabinoid 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptors discretely modulate evoked glutamate separately from spontaneous glutamate transmission

Action potentials trigger synaptic terminals to synchronously release vesicles, but some vesicles release spontaneously. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can modulate both of these processes. At cranial primary afferent terminals, the GPCR cannabinoid 1 (CB1) is often coexpressed with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel present on most afferents. Here we tested whether CB1 activation modulates synchronous, action potential-evoked (eEPSCs) and/or spontaneous (sEPSCs) EPSCs at solitary tract nucleus neurons. In rat horizontal brainstem slices, activation of solitary tract (ST) primary afferents generated ST-eEPSCs that were rapidly and reversibly inhibited from most afferents by activation of CB1 with arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA) or WIN 55,212-2 [R-(+)-(2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(4-morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl) methanone monomethanesulfonate]. The CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist AM251 [N-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-1-piperidinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide] blocked these responses. Despite profound depression of ST-eEPSCs during CB1 activation, sEPSCs in these same neurons were unaltered. Changes in temperature changed sEPSC frequency only from TRPV1+ afferents (i.e., thermal sEPSC responses only occurred in TRPV1+ afferents). CB1 activation failed to alter these thermal sEPSC responses. However, the endogenous arachidonate metabolite N-arachidonyldopamine (NADA) promiscuously activated both CB1 and TRPV1 receptors. NADA inhibited ST-eEPSCs while simultaneously increasing sEPSC frequency, and thermally triggered sEPSC increases in neurons with TRPV1+ afferents. We found no evidence for CB1/TRPV1 interactions suggesting independent regulation of two separate vesicle pools. Together, these data demonstrate that action potential-evoked synchronous glutamate release is modulated separately from TRPV1-mediated glutamate release despite coexistence in the same central terminations. This two-pool arrangement allows independent and opposite modulation of glutamate release by single lipid metabolites.
Morphologic alterations of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the basal forebrain of aged behaviorally characterized fisher 344 rats

We examined Fisher 344 female rats aged 6, 27, and 33 months old. Prior to sacrifice and morphometric analyses of forebrain cholinergic neurons all rats underwent behavioral characterization in a spatial learning task using the Morris water maze. Performance on the spatial task permitted subsequent grouping of the 27- and 33-month-old animals into impaired groups. Importantly, the percentage of animals that displayed spatial impairments increased sharply with advancing age. Quantitative assessment of the size and density of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) - positive neurons throughout the basal forebrain revealed a significant enlargement of forebrain cholinergic neurons within 27-month-old nonimpaired rats compared to 6-month-old rats and 27- and 33-month-old impaired animals. This increase in size was most noted in the medial septum and nucleus of the diagonal band. Significant decreases in the density of ChAT-positive neurons was observed only in the nucleus of the diagonal band of 27-month-old impaired rats compared to 6-month-old controls. Although the significance of enlarged forebrain cholinergic neurons is unclear, we discuss the possibility that within aged rodents neuronal swelling is an active event and represents an early manifestation of the aging process and may constitute a restorative and/or compensatory event in that these rats are relatively asymptomatic with respect to their behavioral deficits. In addition, we discuss in some detail various technical and life effect issues which may vary the outcome of investigations of aged rodents.
SU-C-218-03: Can Cardiac Output Be Measured from a Pulmonary CT Circulation Time Series?

Purpose: In order to determine the optimal prescan delay for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), pulmonary circulation time images can be acquired at the anatomical level of main pulmonary artery prior to the main CTPA. The purpose of this abstract is to demonstrate cardiac output can also be calculated from the preparatory CT series. Methods: The single slice pulmonary circulation time images were acquired on a GECT scanner once per second in cine mode during infusion (5 cc/sec) of contrast (a blend of 25 cc Omnipaque and 50 cc saline), followed by a 30 cc saline bolus. The single slice CT series, covering superior vena cava, pulmonary artery, ascending aorta (AA) and descending aorta (DA) as in Fig A, were imported into the in‐house software to obtain time series at both AA and DA, as well as the essential geometrical info needed for determining the volume of aortic arch. The time series at DA, which is the downstream measurement of AA, was assumed equivalent to the mathematically convoluted time series of AA with a certain delay function. Considering the fast nature of flow in the aorta, an exponential delay function with the delay time constant, i.e. (l/d)*exp(−t/d), was assumed (ref 1 for exponential dispersion in fast flow). The delay time constant, which is the average time span between the cross sections of AA and DA, was determined by the least square error fitting while comparing the measured DA time series to the varying degree of convoluted time series of AA. The volume of the aortic arch and delay time constant were then used to calculate the cardiac output. Results and Conclusion: The cardiac output values for two subjects were 4.97 and 3.63 L/min, which are in good agreement with the reference range of 1.9 to 11.6 L/min(ref 2).
Heat transfer analysis of stratified flow in rotating heat pipes with cylindrical and stepped walls

Abstract This paper deals with the flow behavior and the related heat transfer characteristics of stratified flow in axially rotating heat pipes with cylindrical and stepped wall configurations. Flow patterns are presented with existing experimental data of heat transfer in cylindrical and stepped wall rotating heat pipes. Theoretical and semi-empirical models for calculation of the condensation and evaporation heat transfer coefficients are developed. Key dimensionless numbers such as Froude, Galileo, G and ξ-number are identified. Existing experimental data from a rotating cylindrical heat pipe are analyzed and used for regression based on semi-empirical models. Good agreement between the predicted results and experimental data was obtained. Comparison between the present heat transfer models rotating cylindrical wall heat pipes and experimental data from a stepped wall heat pipe shows that the present models can be used to predict the condensation and evaporation heat transfer coefficients in a rotating stepped wall heat pipe.
Neonatal treatment with 6-OH-DA affects brain NE content but not behavior

Two groups of neonatal rats were administered 6-hydroxydopamine to study the effects of catecholamine depletion on adult behavior. At about 6 weeks of age, the animals began training on a simple brightness discrimination task. They were subsequently tested for activity and reactivity in a Hebb-Williams maze and trained in a two-way active avoidance task. After sacrifice, brain assays indicated a substantial reduction in norepinephrine, but not dopamine, level. There were no statistical differences between 6-OH-DA-treated and control animals in the acquisition or final performance of the discrimination problem, nor were there differences between the groups on mean activity or reactivity scores. Performance in an active avoidance task also did not differentiate between treated and control rats.
Effect of Antioxidants and Cooking on Stability of n‐3 Fatty Acids in Fortified Meat Products

This study was carried out to determine the effect of processing and cooking on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) stability and to determine the efficacy of antioxidants (ANTI) to minimize lipid oxidation in cooked n-3 PUFA-fortified meat products. An emulsion of n-3 PUFAs (25% algal oil) was incorporated into ground turkey, pork sausages, or restructured hams (500 mg n-3 PUFA/110 g meat) with or without an "antioxidant cocktail" containing citrate (0.5% w/w), erythorbate (1 g/kg product), and rosemary (0.2% w/w). Ground turkey and pork sausages were frozen 2 d, then cooked to 71 °C, and stored at 4 °C for 2 d. Cooked, restructured hams were sliced, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 °C, or frozen and thawed with subsequent storage at 4 °C. Treatments were CON (control), n-3 (n-3 PUFAs), CON + ANTI and n-3 + ANTI. Products were analyzed for color, lipid oxidation (TBARS and peroxide values), and n-3 PUFA profile. TBARS of n-3 PUFA-fortified treatments in ground turkey and pork sausages increased with storage (P 0.05). For restructured hams nitrite curing appeared to delay lipid oxidation such that antioxidant treatment effects were unobservable (P > 0.05). Overall recovery of n-3 PUFAs after heat processing was 69% to 85%, and there was no effect of storage on n-3 PUFA concentration in raw or cooked products (P > 0.05). Sensory scores for n-3 treated restructured hams were lower than controls (P < 0.05). Results suggested that cooking resulted in some losses of n-3 PUFAs in fortified meat products and that an "antioxidant cocktail" protected against lipid oxidation during subsequent storage in non-cured meat products.
Calcium channels coupled to glutamate release identified by omega-Aga-IVA

Presynaptic calcium channels are crucial elements of neuronal excitation-secretion coupling. In mammalian brain, they have been difficult to characterize because most presynaptic terminals are too small to probe with electrodes, and available pharmacological tools such as dihydropyridines and omega-conotoxin are largely ineffective. Subsecond measurements of synaptosomal glutamate release have now been used to assess presynaptic calcium channel activity in order to study the action of peptide toxins from the venom of the funnel web spider Agelenopsis aperta, which is known to inhibit dihydropyridine and omega-conotoxin-resistant neuronal calcium currents. A presynaptic calcium channel important in glutamate release is shown to be omega-Aga-IVA sensitive and omega-conotoxin resistant.
Marriage and Family Therapy Faculty Members' Balance of Work and Personal Life

A sense of imbalance is common among both professors and therapists, though few studies have been published examining the work and personal life balance of those who work in both professions simultaneously. Using in-depth telephone interviews, this study examined the work and personal life balance of 16 marriage and family therapy (MFT) faculty members. Results showed that six were satisfied with their balance, six were dissatisfied, and four were ‘‘middle of the road.’’ Men, older participants, and those who were in their career longer were more likely to report feeling satisfied with their balance. Internal indicators of their balance included family and workplace messages, health indicators, feelings of contentment, and congruence with personal values. Child and relationship status, tenure status, and gender issues also impacted their sense of balance. Specific balance enhancers and reducers were highlighted, and participants discussed coping strategies and recommendations for other MFT faculty members. Clinical, training, and career implications are discussed. Stress is responsible for some alarming statistics in many of the helping professions, and people in helping professions are prime candidates for job-related stress and its sequelae (Greenberg & Valletutti, 1980). Experts have found that these individuals often experience daily physical, mental, and emotional strain and tension, as well as some benefits from their work (Greenberg & Valletutti, 1980; Guy, 1987; Underwood, 1991; Wetchler & Piercy, 1986). Stress is one of many reasons why some people feel unbalanced in their lives, and achieving work and personal life balance is a growing concern for both men and women (Burke & Nelson, 1998). In addition, experts have pointed to the vast numbers of women who newly entered the workforce in the latter part of the 20th century as one factor that has caused work and personal life balance to become a greater issue for most families (Reed, Blunsdon, Blyton, & Dastmalchian, 2005). While women in many demographics have never not worked for wage, women from all racial, ethnic, age, social, religious, and cultural groups entered the work force during this time in unprecedented numbers due to both economic need and, later perhaps, for interpersonal well-being. Work and personal life balance has been defined as ‘‘an occupational stressor regarding issues of time, energy, goal accomplishment, and strain’’ (Fisher, 2001), and many theories exist
Damage model for metal–matrix composite under high intensity loading

Abstract A damage model for a composite structure under high intensity dynamic loading is presented. The model is based on a thermodynamic micromechanic approach, which is formulated using the conservation laws and the energy balance equations (the first and second laws of thermodynamics). A homogenization or averaging technique is implemented in the development to simplify the representation of the non-homogeneous material. The metal–matrix composite's inelastic response is modeled using elastic–plastic constitutive relations considering finite plastic strain and damage effect. The damage model is validated with experimental data available in the literatures, and it shows fairly good agreement. A parametric study demonstrating the characteristics of the damage model is also presented.
Elastic fibers in the duct system of the rat submandibular salivary gland.

The submandibular salivary gland originates from the floor of the mouth whose mucosa contains elastic fibers. Therefore, such fibers were sought in the duct system of the derivative organ. In adult rats, light microscopy has indeed revealed fine, circumferential, elastic fibers near the basement membrane of the duct epithelium. In the larger extralobular ducts, they were separated from several layers of longitudinal elastic fibers by a capillary-rich zone sparse in elastic fibers except for fine angular ones. More peripherally, larger angular-appearing fibers were frequently present near the submandibular parasympathetic ganglia in the duct wall. As duct diameter decreased, elastic fiber size and number diminished. Intralobularly, the smaller striated ducts, granular and intercalated ducts, and acini generally lacked such fibers. Electron microscopy of the extraglandular portion of the main duct revealed fibrils extending from both fibroblasts and elastic fibers that were close to the epithelium. Microfibrils coursed from them toward the lamina densa. Anchoring filaments joined the lamina densa to the basal plasma membrane of the epithelium. Elastic fibers also appeared to connect to both capillaries and collagen via finer intermediate structures. These associations might permit dynamic interactions of fibroblasts, fibers, smaller fibrillar components, vasa, and the duct epithelium. This interplay could occur during feeding and grooming when tongue protrusion and neck extension stretch the submandibular duct and the gland itself. As a result, the tensile forces engendered could modify cell geometry and the calibers of the larger ducts' lumens and intercellular spaces, thus affecting the flow and composition of salivary secretion.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
Segregant-induced cavitation of Sn/Cu reactive interface

Abstract A dense population of voids was found along the interface between Cu3Sn and Cu following prolonged aging. The voids appeared only on the Cu3Sn/Cu interface that had been covered by roughly monolayer of Bi segregant. Void formation was related to vacancy condensation after the segregant took up vacancy sinks.
The Arabidopsis RHD3 gene is required for cell wall biosynthesis and actin organization

The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) gene has previously been shown to be essential for normal cell expansion [H. Wang et al. (1997) Genes Dev 11:799-811]. In this report, we demonstrated that mutation of the RHD3 gene in the Arabidopsis fragile fiber 4 (fra4) mutant caused a dramatic reduction in the wall thickness of fibers, vessels, and pith cells in the inflorescence stems and, concomitantly, a decrease in the mechanical strength of stems. The reduced wall thickness in the fra4 mutant was accompanied by an alteration in cell wall composition. Consistent with the defective fiber and vessel wall phenotypes, the RHD3 gene exhibited a strong expression in developing fiber and xylem cells. We showed that the Arabidopsis genome contains two additional RHD3-like genes, one of which was expressed specifically in flowers. In addition, we found that mutation of the RHD3 gene caused an alteration in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton but no effects on cortical microtubules. Our findings suggest an essential role of RHD3 in cell wall biosynthesis and actin organization, both of which are known to be important for cell expansion.
Optical Absorption Edge of Compensated Germanium

The optical absorption of heavily doped and closely compensated Ge is calculated using a Halperin-Lax band-tail model and an ad hoc matrix element. The only adjustable parameter is an effective temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{ion}}$ for the contribution of the position correlations of the ions to the screening; ${T}_{\mathrm{ion}}$ is estimated to be about 7000 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The results are in reasonable agreement with experiment; direct transitions at $k=0$ make the dominant contribution to the edge.
A convex-like duality scheme for quasi-convex programs

This paper describes a symmetric duality relation for quasi-convex programs. We are able to strengthen previous results and to define necessary and sufficient conditions for the absence of duality gap. In the present scheme one can generate quasi-convex quasi-concave Lagrangians and discuss the correspondence between saddle points of the Lagrangians and the solutions to the dual and primal programs. The present scheme is very similar to Rockafellar's scheme for convex programs and in this sense it may be viewed as a unified approach. Several examples are also given.
A public school district's vending machine policy and changes over a 4-year period: Implementation of a national wellness policy

Summary Objectives The school environment has been the focus of many health initiatives over the years as a means to address the childhood obesity crisis. The availability of low-nutrient, high-calorie foods and beverages to students via vending machines further exacerbates the issue of childhood obesity. However, a healthy overhaul of vending machines may also affect revenue on which schools have come to depend. This article describes the experience of one school district in changing the school environment, and the resulting impact on food and beverage vending machines. Study design Observational study in Ann Arbor public schools. Methods The contents and locations of vending machines were identified in 2003 and surveyed repeatedly in 2007. Overall revenues were also documented during this time period. Results Changes were observed in the contents of both food and beverage vending machines. Revenue in the form of commissions to the contracted companies and the school district decreased. Conclusions Local and national wellness policy changes may have financial ramifications for school districts. In order to facilitate and sustain school environment change, all stakeholders, including teachers, administrators, students and healthcare providers, should collaborate and communicate on policy implementation, recognizing that change can have negative financial consequences as well as positive, healthier outcomes.
Age-associated decrease in muscle precursor cell differentiation

Muscle precursor cells (MPCs) are required for the regrowth, regeneration, and/or hypertrophy of skeletal muscle, which are deficient in sarcopenia. In the present investigation, we have addressed ...
A decentralized Gauss-Seidel approach for in-network sparse signal recovery

This paper addresses the problem of monitoring and discovering abnormalities in sensing fields with large-scale wireless sensor networks. By exploiting the sparsity of abnormalities, the signal recovery problem is expressed as an l-l regularized least squares formulation with nonnegative constraints. Furthermore, a decentralized Gauss-Seidel approach is proposed for in-network signal processing. Comparing with its centralized counterpart, the decentralized algorithm improves the robustness and scalability of a large-scale network. Parameter settings of the l-l regularized least squares formulation are studied via theoretical analysis and extensive simulations. An illustrative example of structural health monitoring demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized sparse signal recovery algorithm in practical applications.
Comparison of family health history to personal genomic screening for risk assessment of colon cancer

Background Family history-based risk assessment (FHRA) is a validated genetic tool for identifying those at moderate and high risks of disease. The latter usually result from gene mutations conferring high risks of disease. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have resulted in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) statistically associated with lowto moderate-level risks of diseases or traits. With increased access and decreasing price-point for SNP profile-based risk assessment for common diseases, such as colon cancer, health-professionals and consumers are questioning how this type of genetic risk assessment compares to the standard of FHRA. To date, there has been limited study of concordance for these two methods of disease-risk assessment.
DEDIX 87 — A Supervisory System for Design Diversity Experiments at UCLA

To establish a long-term research facility for further experimental investigations of design diversity as a means of achieving fault-tolerant systems, the DEDIX (DEsign Diversity experiment) system, a distributed supervisor and testbed for multi-version software, was designed and implemented by researchers at the UCLA Dependable Computing and Fault-Tolerant Systems Laboratory. DEDIX is available on the Olympus local network, which utilizes the Locus distributed operating system to operate a set of several VAX 11/750 computers at the UCLA Center for Experimental Computer Science. DEDIX is portable to any machine which runs a Unix operating system. The DEDIX system is described and its applications are discussed in this paper. A review of current research is also presented.
Tumor necrosis factor modulates Ca2+ currents in cultured sympathetic neurons.

The effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF) on calcium currents of cultured neurons from neonatal rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) was studied using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We found that rhTNF-treated SCG neurons exhibited increased calcium current density without significant alteration in the steady- state parameters of activation and availability. The fraction of the current sensitive to dihydropyridines and omega-conotoxin also remained unchanged. Recovery from slow inactivation of the current, but not recovery from fast inactivation, was prolonged in rhTNF-treated cells when compared to that of control cells. We conclude that immune peptides such as rhTNF can alter cellular functions of sympathetic neurons via modulating ionic conductances. However, these changes observed in calcium currents of SCG neurons cannot account for the effect of rhTNF on norepinephrine secretion observed in a previous study. It is proposed that rhTNF exerts an additional effect at a later event in the exocytotic process.
Adaptive multi-aspect target classification and detection with hidden Markov models

We consider target classification and detection based on backscattered observations measured from a sequence of target-sensor orientations. The multi-aspect scattered waves from a given target are modeled with a hidden Markov model (HMM). The targets are assumed concealed and the absolute target-sensor orientation is assumed unknown; therefore, it is possible to control only the angular displacements (change in orientation) between consecutive measurements. The performance of the HMM classifiers/detectors is influenced by the choice of the angular displacements, the optimization of which motivates the developed adaptive search strategies, based on entropy-driven optimality criteria. The search proceeds in a sequential fashion. Based on the previous observations and their associated angular displacements, one determines the optimal next displacement to perform an associated observation. The search strategies are detailed and example results presented on adaptive classification and detection of underwater targets.