cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nomen novum for Protechinus Lavocat, 1961 (Mammalia, Erinaceidae), a junior homonym of the valid name Protechinus Noetling, 1897 (Echinoidea, Arbacioida)

Noetling (1897: 14) named the echinoid genus Protechinus from the Maastrichtian of Pakistan. Lambert (1898: 126) replaced the name Protechinus with a new name, Noetlingia, because Austin (1860: 446) had previously used the name Protoechinus for a different echinoid from the Carboniferous of Ireland. However, Noetlingia Lambert, 1898 is itself preoccupied by Noetlingia Hall & Clark, 1893, a brachiopod, and was accordingly replaced by Noetlingaster Vredenburg, 1911. Since then, Noetlingaster has been in general use for this genus (e.g., Mortensen 1940, Smith 1995). Apparently unaware of Noetling’s name, Lavocat (1961) described an erinaceid insectivore from the Miocene of Beni Mellal, Morocco, as the new genus and species Protechinus salis. The genus has rarely been referred to in the literature, and McKenna & Bell (1997) listed it as a synonym of Amphechinus Aymard, 1850. However, Benammi (2006) and Butler (2010) still recognized it as a distinct genus. The current version of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Anonymous 1999) stipulates that a oneletter difference is sufficient to prevent homonymy between two genus-group names (Art. 56.2); thus, Protechinus Noetling, 1897 is not a junior homonym of Protoechinus Austin, 1860, and potentially an available name. Prevailing usage may be preserved if the senior synonym or homonym has not been used as a valid name since 1899, among other conditions (Art. 23.9), but Protechinus Noetling, 1897 was used by Noetling (1903). Thus, Protechinus Noetling, 1897 is valid and a senior objective synonym of Noetlingia Lambert, 1898 and Noetlingaster Vredenburg, 1911. Four species are currently recognized in the genus (Smith & Jeffery 2000): Protechinus complicatus Noetling, 1897, the type species by original monotypy; Protechinus emiratescus (Ali, 1989); Protechinus sphericus (Ali, 1992); and Protechinus monotuberculatus (Smith, in Smith & Jeffery, 2000). In addition, Protechinus Lavocat, 1961 is an unavailable junior homonym of Protechinus Noetling, 1897. I therefore propose the name Mellalechinus nom. nov. as a replacement name for Protechinus Lavocat, 1961. The type by original monotypy under Protechinus Lavocat, 1961, and only described species is Mellalechinus salis (Lavocat, 1961), originally Protechinus salis. The new name combines the toponym of the fossil site where the genus was first found, Beni Mellal, with the Ancient Greek term ἐχῖνος (echinos). This word was used for both hedgehogs and sea urchins (Liddell et al. 1940), and has been adopted as a standard element of modern generic names in both groups, leading to the homonymy noted here.
THE CLUTTER INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY FAR SIDE-LOBES

The generation of far side lobe echoes for offset parabolic antenna is analysed in this article,and the experiments have proved the existence of far side lobe echoes.It is concluded that an offset feed parabolic antenna has the advantage in side lobe suppression over central feed parabolic antenna.An offset antenna won't generate far side lobe echoes when scanning in low elevation angles,but when the angles turn high,it will.In the application of Doppler radar,controlling the rotation speed of antenna is helpful in eliminating the effect of far side lobes.
Genetically Engineered (Chimeric) Antibodies

The diversity, specificity, and biologic activity of antibodies make them potentially ideal reagents in the clinic and the laboratory, but conventional antibodies do not always fill the bill. Naturally occurring antibodies are heterogeneous, and human hybridoma antibodies are hard to produce. Genetic engineering techniques offer antibodies with just the properties desired.
Early Androgen Ablation for Stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) Prostate Cancer: Prognostic Variables and Outcome

AbstractTo elucidate the outcome for patients with stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) prostate cancer we reviewed 179 patients with lymphadenectomy proved pelvic nodal metastases who underwent immediate androgen ablation as the only initial treatment. With a median followup of 43 months, the 5 and 8-year actuarial rates of freedom from disease progression were 55% and 25%, respectively, and the median interval to disease progression was 67 months. The 5 and 8-year survival rates were 85% and 57%, respectively. Median survival after disease progression was 36 months. Local and distant disease progression was equally important. At 5 and 8 years the incidence of local progression was 32% and 51%, respectively, while metastatic rates at the same intervals were 22% and 44%, respectively. Multivariate regression revealed that tumor grade and transurethral resection in preoperative stage C disease correlated with disease progression. Pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were not predictive of outcome. The fa...
A Lean Analysis to Automate the Draw Operations at a Tube Manufacturing Company

The objective of this research is to conduct a lean analysis of the Draw Cell operations at a manufacturer that fabricates stainless steel tubes and to implement Lean concepts for automation. Videotaping operations, interviewing operators, and studying the engineered layout of the operation were carried out to understand the existing operations. Industrial engineering knowledge of Lean, 8 wastes, Kaizen, Single Minute Exchange of Die, and Value Stream Map were applied to improve the setup of workstations and material handling procedures. These principles helped make the current draw cell to operate more effectively and economically without major renovations.
The Young Kanemaru (1918–1958): Early Life and Career in Yamanashi Prefecture

Kanemaru was a legacy child, born into a family that conferred wealth and privilege. Kanemaru’s arranged marriage to Reiko Misawa in 1942 linked his fortunes to one of Yamanashi’s more powerful families. Kanemaru escaped the ravages of World War II to become a successful businessman. Yamanashi prefecture in the postwar era (1945–1958), like Japan as a whole, became the venue for a political contest between a divided but assertive Left and conservatives of various persuasions. Following in the family business tradition, Kanemaru increased his involvement in local politics in the early 1958, becoming an effective fundraiser. Key patrons like Tadahiko Natori and Hisatada Hirose bankrolled his successful campaign for national office in 1958 as a member of the Sato group of the Liberal Democratic Party.
Assessment of Diagnosed Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain Conditions by Predoctoral Dental Students: A Pilot Study

Temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain (TMD/OFP) conditions are challenging to diagnose for predoctoral dental students due to the multifactorial etiology, complexity, and controversial issues surrounding these conditions. The aim of this study was to determine if patients in the clinic of one U.S. dental school reported existing signs and symptoms of TMD/OFP, whether the dental students diagnosed the condition based on the reported signs and symptoms, and if the condition was then treated. The study was based on a retrospective analysis of electronic health record data over a three-year period. The results showed that, during the study period, 21,352 patients were treated by student providers. Of those patients, 5.33% reported signs or symptoms associated with TMD/OFP; 5.99% received a TMD/OFP diagnosis; and 0.26% received at least one form of TMD/OFP treatment that had either a diagnosis or signs/symptoms of TMD/OFP. In addition, a small percentage (0.24%) of patients with no documented diagnosis received some sort of TMD/OFP-related treatment. A randomly selected sample of 90 patient charts found that no diagnoses of TMD/OFP were recorded in any of them. The results suggested that students had only marginally diagnosed the problems. Training for students including comprehensive didactic courses and clinical experiences to gain knowledge, context, and skill may be required to ensure they reach the required level of competence and prepare them to face the diagnostic challenges of TMD/OFP after graduation.
Aortic stiffening precedes onset of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction.

Identifying which patients with diastolic dysfunction will progress to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging. The goal of this study is to determine whether increased vascular stiffness as identified on 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) serves as a biomarker for the development of HFpEF in patients with diastolic dysfunction. The study design is a matched retrospective case–control study. Subjects with diastolic dysfunction were divided into two groups based on whether they had a clinical diagnosis of HFpEF. The two groups were matched based on age, gender, race and body surface area, resulting in 77 matched pairs (n = 154). Data from the first TTE that documented diastolic dysfunction prior to the development of HFpEF was extracted along with baseline demographic and clinical data. Indices of vascular stiffness were measured and compared. A sub-group analysis was performed to compare diabetic subjects in Group 1 (n = 43) to those in Group 2 (n = 21). Group 1 had significantly decreased aortic distensibility as measured on the initial TTE when compared to Group 2 (1.9 ± 1.0 vs. 2.8 ± 1.8 cm2dyne−110−3, p = 0.01). In the diabetic subset, Group 1 had significantly less aortic strain (6.9 ± 3.3 vs. 9.7 ± 5.6%, p = 0.02) and aortic distensibility (1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 3.5 ± 2.6 cm2dyne−110−3, p = 0.02) compared to Group 2. Other indices of vascular stiffness did not differ significantly between groups. This study demonstrates that increased proximal aortic stiffness is associated with the development of HFpEF in patients with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction. Larger prospective studies are needed to further investigate this relationship.
Global phase diagram and quantum spin liquids in a spin- 1 2 triangular antiferromagnet

We study the spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice with the nearest-neighbor ${J}_{1}g0$, the next-nearest-neighobr ${J}_{2}g0$ Heisenberg interactions, and the additional scalar chiral interaction ${J}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}({\stackrel{P\vec}{S}}_{i}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\stackrel{P\vec}{S}}_{j})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{P\vec}{S}}_{k}$ for the three spins in all the triangles using large-scale density matrix renormalization group calculation on cylinder geometry. With increasing ${J}_{2}$ (${J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\le}0.3$) and ${J}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}$ (${J}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\le}1.0$) interactions, we establish a quantum phase diagram with the magnetically ordered ${120}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, stripe, and noncoplanar tetrahedral phase. In between these magnetic order phases, we find a chiral spin liquid (CSL) phase, which is identified as a $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/2$ bosonic fractional quantum Hall state with possible spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking. By switching on the chiral interaction, we find that the previously identified spin liquid in the ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}$ triangular model ($0.08\ensuremath{\lesssim}{J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.15$) shows a phase transition to the CSL phase at very small ${J}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}$. We also compute the spin triplet gap in both spin liquid phases, and our finite-size results suggest a large gap in the odd topological sector but a small or vanishing gap in the even sector. We discuss the implications of our results on the nature of the spin liquid phases.
Pathobiology of the 129:Stat1 -/- mouse model of human age-related ER-positive breast cancer with an immune infiltrate-excluded phenotype.

Stat1 gene-targeted knockout mice (129S6/SvEvTac-Stat1 tm1Rds) develop estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), luminal-type mammary carcinomas at an advanced age. There is evidence for both host environment as well as tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms to initiate tumorigenesis in this model. In this report, we summarize details of the systemic and mammary pathology at preneoplastic and tumor-bearing time points. In addition, we investigate tumor progression in the 129:Stat1 −/− host compared with wild-type 129/SvEv, and we describe the immune cell reaction to the tumors. Mice housed and treated according to National Institutes of Health guidelines and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee-approved methods were evaluated by histopathology, and their tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry with computer-assisted quantitative image analysis. Tumor cell culture and conditioned media from cell culture were used to perform macrophage (RAW264.7) cell migration assays, including the 129:Stat1 −/−-derived SSM2 cells as well as control Met1 and NDL tumor cells and EpH4 normal cells. Tumorigenesis in 129:Stat1 −/− originates from a population of FoxA1+ large oval pale cells that initially appear and accumulate along the mammary ducts in segments or regions of the gland prior to giving rise to mammary intraepithelial neoplasias. Progression to invasive carcinoma is accompanied by a marked local stromal and immune cell response composed predominantly of T cells and macrophages. In conditioned media experiments, cells derived from 129:Stat1 −/− tumors secrete both chemoattractant and chemoinhibitory factors, with greater attraction in the extracellular vesicular fraction and inhibition in the soluble fraction. The result appears to be recruitment of the immune reaction to the periphery of the tumor, with exclusion of immune cell infiltration into the tumor. 129:Stat1 −/− is a unique model for studying the critical origins and risk reduction strategies in age-related ER+ breast cancer. In addition, it can be used in preclinical trials of hormonal and targeted therapies as well as immunotherapies.
In the Twinkling of an Eye

This paper takes on the challenge of reconciling two seemingly contradictory claims: posthumous sanctification requires a process and takes place in a moment. We argue that, even if time is required, it need not be a great deal of time. Much change can happen quickly; indeed, an elaborate process need not take much time. If time were to become objectively slower, or the person’s impediments to clear thinking and deliberation were removed and time subjectively seems to slow from the perspective of the agent transforming, an elaborate process is consistent with a short interval. In such ways we articulate a story according to which the interval of a sanctification model of Purgatory is possibly very short, and the two aforementioned desiderata can both be satisfied.
Experimental Evaluation of Microbial Metal Uptake by Individual Components of a Microbial Biosorption System

Some microorganisms have the capacity to concentrate metal ions. Besides binding metal ions to cell walls, it is also possible that chemical complexation occurs between metal ions and extracellular enzymes. Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate metal uptake by cells and extracellular material. Dialysis studies demonstrated that extracellular material possesses a greater capacity of binding metals when binding is considered on the basis of chemical oxygen demand (COD).
Die Pathophysiologie des Verbrennungstraumas

Der Artikel gibt einen Uberblick uber die lokale und daraus entstehende systemische pathophysiologische Reaktion des Korpers auf eine grosflachige thermische Schadigung. Aus den immunologischen Vorgangen auf zellularer Ebene wird die Entstehung des systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) und der sich daraus entwickelnden Sepsis im Rahmen des Verbrennungstraumas bei schwerbrandverletzten Patienten dargelegt. Ebenfalls werden die zwei derzeitigen Theorien (Two Hit Modell, Modell der posttraumatischen Immunsuppression) der Entstehung des Multiorganversagens diskutiert. Abschliesend werden die pathophysiologischen Antworten der einzelnen lebenswichtigen Organsysteme auf das schwere Verbrennungstrauma einschlieslich der derzeitigen modernen Therapiemoglichkeiten erlautert, wobei hierbei besonders auf das intraabdominelle Kompartmentsyndrom eingegangen wird.
The Westernization of China and Japan

Almost simultaneously there have appeared two very good books dealing with China and Japan during their periods of transition, that is, during the last 300 years, and in particular during the last seven decades. They are The Invasion of China by the Western World, by E. R. Hughes (Macmillan), and Japan in Transition, by Emil Lederer and Emy Lederer-Seidler (Yale University Press). Both are excellent books, yet how different they are, and what fundamentally different stories they tell of the cultural changes in the two Oriental countries now at war!
Assessment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and osteopontin in a healthy pediatric population.

Biomarkers are routinely used for noninvasive identification or monitoring of disease processes in clinical practice, as well as surrogate end points for drug development. There is a significant la...
The Clinical Competency Committee in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology—Perspectives From Program Directors Around the United States

The clinical competency committee offers a fellowship program a structured approach to assess the clinical performance of each trainee in a comprehensive fashion This special article examines the structure and function of this important committee in detail. Furthermore, the strategies for the optimal functioning of this committee are also discussed as a way to enhance the overall quality of the fellowship program.
Multipath Mitigation Using Weight Suppression for Equalization in Indoor Positioning Systems

Multipath is the dominant source of error in indoor positioning systems, since the reception of multipath can significantly distort the shape of the correlation function used for time-delay estimation. When a band-limited signal is used, the range resolution is often insufficient to decompose the overlapped received signals. This paper presents a multipath mitigation algorithm for ATSC DTV signal-based positioning systems. The algorithm combines sample interpolation with a multipath signal delay estimator based on an equalizer which periodically suppresses a specified number of the lowest-magnitude equalizer weights. The goal of the new equalizer is to more accurately predict the channel response. MATLAB simulations were carried out to demonstrate the proposed method and was confirmed with field-test data. The proposed approach can reduce the range estimation resolution by 60% compared to the Fourier limit.
Autonomous Visual Assistance for Robot Operations Using a Tethered UAV

This paper develops an autonomous tethered aerial visual assistant for robot operations in unstructured or confined environments. Robotic tele-operation in remote environments is difficult due to the lack of sufficient situational awareness, mostly caused by stationary and limited field-of-view and lack of depth perception from the robot’s onboard camera. The emerging state of the practice is to use two robots, a primary and a secondary that acts as a visual assistant to overcome the perceptual limitations of the onboard sensors by providing an external viewpoint. However, problems exist when using a tele-operated visual assistant: extra manpower, manually chosen suboptimal viewpoint, and extra teamwork demand between primary and secondary operators. In this work, we use an autonomous tethered aerial visual assistant to replace the secondary robot and operator, reducing the human-robot ratio from 2:2 to 1:2. This visual assistant is able to autonomously navigate through unstructured or confined spaces in a risk-aware manner, while continuously maintaining good viewpoint quality to increase the primary operator’s situational awareness. With the proposed co-robots team, tele-operation missions in nuclear operations, bomb squad, disaster robots, and other domains with novel tasks or highly occluded environments could benefit from reduced manpower and teamwork demand, along with improved visual assistance quality based on trustworthy risk-aware motion in cluttered environments.
Effect of signal processing strategy and stimulation type on speech and auditory perception in adult cochlear implant users.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of signal processing strategy on speech understanding and auditory function for adult cochlear implant (CI) users with a focus ...
Structural studies coupling X-ray diffraction and high-energy X-ray scattering in the UO2(2+)-HBr(aq) system.

The structural chemistry of uranium(VI) in concentrated aqueous hydrobromic acid solutions was investigated using both single crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray scattering (HEXS) to reveal the structure of the uranium(VI) complexes in solution prior to crystallization. The crystal structures of a series of uranyl tetrabromide salts are reported, including Cs2UO2Br4, Rb2UO2Br4·2H2O, K2UO2Br4·2H2O, and (NH4)2UO2Br4·2H2O, as well as a molecular dimer of uranium(VI), (UO2)2(OH)2Br2(H2O)4. Limited correspondence exists between the structures observed in the solid state and those in solution. Quantitative analysis of the HEXS data show an average U–Br coordination number of 1.9(2) in solution, in contrast to the U–Br coordination number of 4 in the solid salts.
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: A Clinical Review

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a red scaly eruption characterized by the association of palmoplantar keratoderma, follicular plugging, and erythematous perifollicular papules which may progress to plaques or erythroderma (White, 2003). Most cases are sporadic and acquired but a familial form may exist which is transmitted by an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive
cAST: Capillary-Based Platform for Real-Time Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as one of the greatest emerging threats to public health. Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) microorganisms affect nearly 2 million people a year in the United Sta...
EMMPRIN/CD147 plays a detrimental role in clinical and experimental ischemic stroke.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease, often resulting in death or permanent neurological deficits. EMMPRIN/CD147 is a plasma membrane protein that induces the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which contribute to secondary damage after stroke by disrupting the blood brain barrier (BBB) and facilitating peripheral leukocyte infiltration into the brain. Results: CD147 surface expression increased significantly after stroke on infiltrating leukocytes, astrocytes and endothelial cells, but not on resident microglia. Inhibition of CD147 reduced MMP levels, decreased ischemic damage, and improved functional, cognitive and histological outcomes after experimental ischemic stroke in both young and aged mice. In stroke patients, high levels of serum CD147 24 hours after stroke predicted poor functional outcome at 12 months. Brain CD147 levels were correlated with MMP-9 and secondary hemorrhage in post-mortem samples from stroke patients. Conclusions: Acute inhibition of CD147 decreases levels of MMP-9, limits tissue loss, and improves long-term cognitive outcomes following experimental stroke in aged mice. High serum CD147 correlates with poor outcomes in stroke patients. This study identifies CD147 as a novel, clinically relevant target in ischemic stroke.
Making Meat, Better: The Metaphors of Plant-Based and Cell-Based Meat Innovation

A variety of advocates argue that industrialized animal food production creates major problems related to the global food supply, climate change, animal suffering, and diet-related public health ma...
Transient uterine hypercontractility causes oxidative stress in the fetal brain and sex-dependent mitochondrial and behavioral abnormalities in adolescent male rat offspring

The neurodevelopmental impact of transient ischemic-hypoxemic insult during labor is poorly understood. Here, using an oxytocin-induced uterine hypercontractility paradigm, we confirm transient uteroplacental compromise, increased oxidative stress in the fetal brain, and enduring social behavioral impairment in male offspring with persistent upregulation of mitochondrial proteins in the anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings, therefore, indicate persistent mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible mechanistic link between intrauterine asphyxia and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Differential expression of genes influenced by changing salinity using RNA arbitrarily primed PCR in the archaeal halophile Haloferax volcanii.

Extreme halophiles belonging to the domain Archaea require a minimum of ~10% NaCl for growth. Many of these obligate halophiles will continue to grow even as NaCl concentrations approach saturation. The haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii is a model organism in which to study the effects of changes in medium salinity on gene expression, as this organism grows over a wide range of NaCl concentrations, between 12% and 23%, with little effect on growth rate. An RNA arbitrarily primed PCR (RAP-PCR) approach has been applied to identify those genes that are differentially expressed in response to changing salinity. Differences in gene expression can be detected using this methodology, as each sample generates its own unique RNA fingerprint for each growth condition examined. RNA was prepared from H. volcanii cultures grown with two different NaCl concentrations in the medium, RAP-PCR was performed, and seven differentially expressed transcripts were identified. These fragments were cloned, sequenced, and subjected to transcript analysis to confirm their regulation. One of the sequences identified in this study displays homology to the eukaryotic Ser/Thr protein kinase Ire1p, a sensor of protein unfolding in yeast and mammalian cells. Evidence for serine phosphorylation in H. volcanii is also presented.
Can Foot Anthropometry Predict Vertical Jump Performance

Hawley, VS, Gurchiek, RD, and van Werkhoven, H. Can foot anthropometry predict vertical jump performance? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Vertical jumping is an important element of many sporting activities, and whether anthropometric adaptations can predict jumping performance is of interest. Few studies have specifically considered anthropometric measures of the foot and its link to performance. Furthermore, previous studies have mainly focused on a male subject pool, and whether relationships are consistent across sexes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between common anthropometric measures, as well as specific foot measures, and jump performance in men and women. Anthropometric measures of 21 men (age: 22.0 ± 1.5 years; stature: 181.4 ± 6.3 cm; body mass: 85.6 ± 9.4 kg) and 21 women (age: 21.2 ± 1.8 years; stature: 166.1 ± 7.5 cm; body mass: 61.4 ± 11.4 kg) were taken before performing 3 maximal countermovement jumps (CMJs). Correlational analysis was used to determine relationships between anthropometric measures and CMJ height (a priori significance set at p≤ 0.05, effect size: small >0.1; medium >0.3; large >0.5). There was no significant correlation between anthropometric variables and CMJ height for men, whereas for women, mass (r = -0.585, p = 0.005, large effect), foot length (r = -0.533, p = 0.013, large effect), and toe length (r = -0.604, p = 0.004, large effect) showed significant negative correlations with CMJ height. The unexpected result that smaller feet and toes predicted higher jumps for women warrants further investigation. Furthermore, these results highlight the need to incorporate diverse subject pools, and a need for caution when generalizing across sexes.
Code Blue Events in the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary Care Children's Hospital.

OBJECTIVE The authors aim to compare all code blue events, regardless of the need for chest compressions, in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) versus the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We hypothesize that code events in the two units differ, reflecting different disease processes. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective analysis of 107 code events using the code narrator, which is an electronic medical record of real-time code documentation, from April 2018 to March 2019. Events were divided into two groups, NICU and PICU. Neonatal resuscitation program algorithm was used for NICU events and a pediatric advanced life-support algorithm was used for PICU events. Events and outcomes were compared using univariate analysis. The Mann-Whitney test and linear regressions were done to compare the total code duration, time from the start of code to airway insertion, and time from airway insertion to end of code event. RESULTS In the PICU, there were almost four times more code blue events per month and more likely to involve patients with seizures and no chronic condition. NICU events more often involved ventilated patients and those under 2 months of age. The median code duration for NICU events was 2.5 times shorter than for PICU events (11.5 vs. 29 minutes), even when adjusted for patient characteristics. Survival to discharge was not different in the two groups. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that NICU code events as compared with PICU code events are more likely to be driven by airway problems, involve patients <2 months of age, and resolve quickly once airway is taken care of. This supports the use of a ventilation-focused neonatal resuscitation program for patients in the NICU. KEY POINTS · Code blue events are four times more common in PICU.. · NICU code events are 2.5 times shorter in duration compared with PICU events.. · NICU code events are more likely to be attributed to a problem with an airway..
Learning Leadership from Donald Trump: What Not to Do

Donald Trump has served as President of the United States for more than two years. His performance in office has provided many valuable lessons about leadership, especially about what not to do. This paper offers a partial list of leadership principles one can deduce from observing his leadership style. In addition, actual Trump quotations are provided.
Mitochondrial calcium exchange in physiology and disease.

The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disr...
Role of atomic layer deposited solid lubricants in the sliding wear reduction of carbon–carbon composites at room and higher temperatures

Abstract High frequency reciprocating sliding wear behavior and mechanisms were investigated at 25, 150 and 400 °C for solid lubricant oxide coated carbon–carbon composites (CCC). Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was employed to infiltrate a trilayer nanolaminate coating of ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2 into the porous CCC. The ALD coatings exhibited excellent conformality and pore-filling down to ~55 μm into the CCC, which cannot be achieved by other coating techniques. Compared to uncoated CCC, ALD infiltration resulted in a 64% improvement in the wear rate to 1.5×10−6 mm3/N·m at 25 °C, while a 31% improvement was determined during 150 °C sliding. Conversely, higher temperature sliding at 400 °C resulted in increasing wear rates by an order of magnitude due to combined oxidation of the steel counterface and exposed CCC. Cross-sectional focused ion beam-transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM) studies of the worn surfaces were performed to elucidate the solid lubrication mechanisms. It was determined that a highly deformed composite surface tribolayer of nanolaminate coating and amorphous C was responsible for improved sliding wear compared to the uncoated CCC that just exhibited an amorphous C tribolayer. Inside the deformed composite tribolayer, a high density of near surface ZnO (0002) basal plane sliding/shear-induced stacking faults was observed in comparison to unworn ALD nanolaminates. Activating subsurface basal stacking faults in ALD ZnO promotes intrafilm shear/slip and hence improves wear resistance. The slip of partial dislocations results from a dislocation glide process along the ZnO (0002) basal planes. Thus, ALD ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2 nanolaminate coatings are potential candidates for providing wear reduction from low to intermediate temperatures in moving mechanical assembles, such as CCC bushings that experience fretting-type wear.
Targeted Prevention of Antisocial Behavior in Children

The onset of aggression and conduct problems during the early childhood years paves the way for the development of a pattern of serious antisocial behavior, including violence, substance abuse, and criminal offending during adolescence and young adulthood (Hinshaw & Lee, 2003). This developmental progression, however, is not inevitable. Indeed, the relative balance between risk and protective factors experienced along this pathway appears to determine whether these aggressive children ultimately experience deviant or healthy outcomes (Tolan, Guerra, & Kendall, 1995). Risk factors for antisocial behavior emerge across multiple levels. Child risk factors typically pertain to individual characteristics such as difficult temperament, deficient emotional regulation, learning delays, and deficiencies or distortions in social information processing. Parental risk factors include depression, substance abuse, negative attributions, and unrealistic expectations. Familial risk factors center on economic hardship, social isolation, and marital discord. These factors become manifest in coercive
Supernovae and the Interstellar Medium

The nature of the supernova event is still poorly understood. A variety of models has been proposed and the interpretation of the observations remains ambiguous. About all that is certain is that in the supernova event much of the matter is ejected at speeds of typically 10 000 km sec−1 and that about 1049 erg of visible light is emitted. The amount of matter ejected and the bolometric correction to be applied to the optical radiation are very uncertain. The discovery of a pulsar in two supernova remnants (Crab Nebula and Vela X) suggests that frequently a neutron star or other condensed object results following the outburst.
Improving the Process of Pain Care in Nursing Homes: A Literature Synthesis

Regulatory agencies, researchers, and clinicians have identified improving pain assessment and management in nursing homes as a high priority, but there is no consensus regarding the best strategies to change pain management practices in nursing homes. The goal of this article is to present a synthesis of published literature of process-level pain management improvement projects in nursing homes and identify and describe the role and necessary skills of various clinicians and nursing leaders in successful interventions. This literature synthesis is limited to research in nursing homes. Reports of research or reports of evaluation of quality improvement programs and descriptions of process interventions that targeted pain assessment and management were reviewed. Studies that focused primarily on the efficacy of pain treatment (e.g., analgesic trials or nonpharmacological therapies) were excluded. Of the original 472 articles, 53 were kept for a full text review. Of these, 10 were included in the final synthesis. Findings from this synthesis suggest that pain management practices may improve with the adoption of systematic implementation models, clinical decision-making algorithms, an interdisciplinary approach, continuous evaluation of outcomes, and use of on-site resource consultants. Clinician leaders in nursing homes require adept pain assessment and management skills and working knowledge of organizational change practices, including quality improvement processes, team building, collaborative decision-making, and assessing and solving system-level problems.
Online Phase-Adaptive Data Layout Selection

Good data layouts improve cache and TLB performance of object-oriented software, but unfortunately, selecting an optimal data layout a priori is NP-hard. This paper introduces layout auditing, a technique that selects the best among a set of layouts online (while the program is running). Layout auditing randomly applies different layouts over time and observes their performance. As it becomes confident about which layout performs best, it selects that layout with higher probability. But if a phase shift causes a different layout to perform better, layout auditing learns the new best layout. We implemented our technique in a product Java virtual machine, using copying generational garbage collection to produce different layouts, and tested it on 20 long-running benchmarks and 4 hardware platforms. Given any combination of benchmark and platform, layout auditing consistently performs close to the best layout for that combination, without requiring offline training.
Lattice dynamics and hyperfine interactions of the intercalation compounds: NbS2·Sn and

Abstract The vibrational anisotropy of tin in the two intercalation compounds NbS 2 ·Sn 1 3 and NbS2·Sn has been studied over the temperature range 78 ≤ T ≤ 320 and 4.2 ≤ T ≤ 320°K, respectively, using 119Sn 23.4 Kev gamma resonance spectroscopy. As in the case of the Tantalum homologue, NbS 2 ·Sn 1 3 shows a single resonance maximum indicating a cubic symmetry charge distribution around Sn. The effective Mossbauer (lattice) temperature is 197 ± 5°K. The gamma resonance spectrum of NbS2·Sn shows a doublet with a quadrupole hyperfine interaction of 0.954 mm sec−1 at 78°K. The intensity ratio of this doublet is temperature dependent and has been analyzed in terms of the Golldanskii-Karyagin Effect to yield a value for 〈x2|〉 − 〈x2⊥〉 = −1.3 × 1018 cm2 at 3000°K. The effective Mossbauer (lattice) temperature for the 1 : 1 compound is 159 ± 5°K calculated from the high temperature limiting slope of the recoil-free fraction temperature dependence. The origin of the isomer shift differences between the TaS2 and NbS2 intercalation compounds of tin is discussed.
PTZ Camera Scheduling for Selected Area Coverage in Visual Sensor Networks

Visual sensor networks (VSNs) can track multiple pedestrians and capture high-quality videos of the monitored area. Therefore, VSNs is ideal for providing good broadcast service. In sports broadcasting, a basic requirement for broadcasters is to report the significant events as quickly as possible when they take place. To meet this requirement, we propose the Camera Scheduling for selected area coverage problem (CamS). Considering that Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) camera sensor has the flexibility of configuring its angle of view in both horizontal and vertical dimensions, we apply PTZ camera sensors to solve CamS. A polynomial time optimal algorithm that schedules PTZ camera sensors elegantly is devised for CamS. We set many realistic application scenarios in simulation and thoroughly study how our algorithm's performance is affected by different environmental parameters, including angle velocity, the number of camera sensors and the number of sub-areas.
Lebed's magic angle effects in (TMTSF)2PF6.

Lebed predicted striking effects in both the metallic and field-induced spin-density-wave (FISDW) states of quasi-one-dimensional conductors when the orientation of the magnetic field causes commensurate electron motion in the least-conducting plane. We have observed sharp cusplike dips in the normal-state magnetoresistance of (TMTSF${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$ suggesting a giant resonance at the commensurate angles. On entering the FISDW state some of the dips become peaks, others fade, and fractional states appear. Magic angle effects are also prominent in the phase boundary of the FISDW state and in the Hall resistance.
2.2 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of β-galactosidase in complex with a cell-permeant inhibitor

Cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is rapidly emerging as a powerful tool for protein structure determination at high resolution. Here we report the structure of a complex between Escherichia coli β-galactosidase and the cell-permeant inhibitor phenylethyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (PETG), determined by cryo-EM at an average resolution of ~2.2 angstroms (A). Besides the PETG ligand, we identified densities in the map for ~800 water molecules and for magnesium and sodium ions. Although it is likely that continued advances in detector technology may further enhance resolution, our findings demonstrate that preparation of specimens of adequate quality and intrinsic protein flexibility, rather than imaging or image-processing technologies, now represent the major bottlenecks to routinely achieving resolutions close to 2 A using single-particle cryo-EM.
Completeness of solutions of Bethe's equations

We consider the Bethe equations for the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg quantum spin chain with periodic boundary conditions. We formulate a conjecture for the number of solutions with pairwise distinct roots of these equations, in terms of numbers of so-called singular (or exceptional) solutions. Using homotopy continuation methods, we find all such solutions of the Bethe equations for chains of length up to 14. The numbers of these solutions are in perfect agreement with the conjecture. We also discuss an indirect method of finding solutions of the Bethe equations by solving the Baxter T-Q equation. We briefly comment on implications for thermodynamical computations based on the string hypothesis.
Local spatial frequency analysis of image texture

Real-world scenes contain many interacting phenomena that lead to complex images which are difficult to interpret automatically. Some effects are best described in the spatial domain, while others are more naturally expressed in frequency. In order to resolve this dichotomy, the authors present the combined space/frequency representation which, for each point in an image, shows the spatial frequencies at that point. This representation is useful for developing theories about many important vision phenomena, leading to deeper understanding and better algorithms. The authors show how the representation can be used for the shape from texture problem and to analyze aliasing simply and naturally. The space/frequency representation should be a key aid in untangling the complex interaction of phenomena in images, allowing automatic understanding of real-world scenes. >
Recurrent hydrothorax and surgical diaphragmatic repair: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

Background Pleural effusions may result from intra-abdominal processes and sometimes present with dramatic clinical consequences. We present 2 cases of recurrent hydrothorax requiring surgical repair of diaphragmatic defects and describe when surgery may be the best treatment modality. Patient 1 : A 63-year-old man with end-stage renal disease requiring peritoneal dialysis presented with dyspnea on exertion that progressed to cardiac arrest. He was found to have a tension hydrothorax that was initially stabilized with thoracentesis and tube thoracostomy. He eventually underwent surgical repair of fenestrations with complete resolution of his effusion. PATIENT 2:: A 52-year-old man with recurrent hydrothorax in the context of hepatitis C cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma following radiofrequency ablation to his liver had recurrent admissions with dyspnea and a large pleural effusion. When medical therapy failed, he underwent surgical repair of a large diaphragmatic defect. Conclusions Hydrothorax related to peritoneal dialysis or cirrhosis may cause life-threatening scenarios in which medical management may stabilize the patient. Ultimately, surgical corrections of diaphragmatic defects may be necessary for definitive management in selected patients. Although these scenarios are rare, clinicians should be aware of these possibilities as early collaboration between medical and surgical services is essential for optimal patient care.
Diagnostic testing and treatment choices in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Background:Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma is a rare intraocular malignancy often seen in the context of central nervous system lymphoma. This review updates the current approaches to the management of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.Methods:A review of current literature on the management of primary
A technique for the insertion of Holter ventriculoatrial shunt for infantile hydrocephalus.

A technique for the insertion of the Holter ventriculo-atrial shunt for the treatment of infantile hydrocephalus and the pre- and postoperative management of such patients is described. The technique has been applied to 330 hydrocephalic children with minimal operative mortality and with a greatly reduced incidence of morbidity over previous methods. Simplification of the original method is considered an important factor in the satisfactory results. The technique can be carried out in a general hospital without special equipment and by a surgeon with paediatric surgical experience but without special neurosurgical training.
Synthesis and characterization of sterically hindered diarylsilanes containing 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl and 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituents. X-ray crystal structure of bis[2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethylphenyl)]fluorosilane

Abstract Sterically hindered diarylsilanes have been prepared by two synthetic routes. Dimesitylsilane, Mes2SiH2 (1), (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) was synthesized by reaction of mesityl magnesium bromide with HSiCl3 followed by reduction with LiAlH4, or by reaction of mesityl magnesium bromide with (TfO)2SiH2. The mixed diaryl system, MesPhSiH2 (2), was prepared by reaction of (TfO)PhSiH2, with one equivalent of MesMgBr. Diarylsilanes containing the 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent, RF, were prepared by reaction of HSiCl3 with 2 equivalents of RFLi to give (RF)2SiHF (3) through a Cl/F halogen exchange. Reduction of 3 with LiAlH4 afforded (RF)2SiH2 (4) which can also be prepared from RFLi and (TfO)2SiH2. All compounds have been characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, mass spectrometry and chemical analyses. An X-ray crystallographic study of 3 shows that the immediate geometry about silicon is approximately tetrahedral with a CSiC angle of 115.8(1)°. There are unusual intramolecular interactions in 3 with four short Si…F contacts with the ortho-CF3 substituents on the aromatic ring which results in an overall tetracapped tetrahedral geometry about silicon. Crystal data for 3 are as follows: monoclinic, P21/c, with a = 9.827(2) A , b = 15.938(3) A , c = 13.239(3) A , V = 2072.6(8) A 3 , Z = 4, and R = 0.0492 (Rw = 0.0535). The short intramolecular Si…F contacts are observed in solution for both 3 and 4 by 29Si NMR spectroscopy.
Analysis of the common polysaccharide antigens from the cell envelope of Clostridium perfringens type A

Abstract The major, common antigen of Clostridium perfringens type A, isolated and purified independently from three selected strains (Hobbs 5, Hobbs 9, and Hobbs 10), is composed of equimolar amounts of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -mannose (ManNAc) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -glucose (GlcNAc). The purified antigen gave a strong immunoprecipitin line by double immunodiffusion in gel. Smith degradation of the major, common antigen caused decomposition of all of the GlcNAc, without concomitant loss in ManNAc, or a perceptible change in serological activity. Therefore, the serological activity of the major, common antigen depended solely on the presence of ManNAc. Data obtained by the 13 C-n.m.r.-spectral analysis of the Smith-degradation product revealed that it was a linear-backbone polysaccharide analogous to a Rhodotorula glutinis mannan, but composed of pairs of 2-acetamido-2-deoxymannopyranosyl residues alternately linked β-(1→3) and β-(1→4). The one-bond, carbon-hydrogen coupling-constant of 162 Hz for both anomeric centers was consistent with the proposed β-linkages. A similar, 13 C-n.m.r.-spectral analysis of the native, common antigen indicated that the GlcNAc residues were randomly connected to three of the four hydroxyl groups not already involved in linking the ManNAc backbone, the 4-hydroxyl group being the exception. A second, serologically inactive, polysaccharide composed of rhamnose, GalNAc, and galactose was identified, but not obtained in homogeneous state. The rhamnosyl residues were probably situated as nonreducing antennae, as they were quantitatively removed by Smith degradation without concomitant decomposition of the polymeric structure of the remaining residues.