cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of pinealectomy on the annual cycle of golden-mantled ground squirrels, Spermophilus lateralis

Pinealectomies and radical sham pinealectomies were performed on adult golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) approximately one month prior to the beginning of the normal winter hibernation season. The cyclic components of the overwintering period and subsequent active season (the rhythms of homeothermy-heterothermy, body mass and testicular function) of the first year were not disrupted in either of the operated groups as compared with the intact animals. In the second year, the initiation of the hibernatory period occurred as usual in all intact, pinealectomized, and sham operated animals, but the pinealectomized group failed to show the progressive increase in the length of heterothermic bouts that was characteristic of the intact and sham-pinealectomized squirrels. The loss of body mass also was accelerated in the pinealectomized squirrels with respect to the intact and sham groups and appeared to be associated with terminal arousal which occurred approximately six weeks earlier in the second year after pinealectomy. Additionally, male squirrels showed a correspondingly early onset of testicular development as compared to the intact and sham operated males.
Chaste tree extract in women's health: a critical review.

The history of botanical medicine is universal, having been used by all cultures and all peoples across the span of time. Fossil rec ords date the human use of medicinal plants to at least the Middle Paleolithic Age some 60,000 years ago, demonstrating the resourceful nature of our ancestors, who used their ingenuity to discover and effectively use plant medicines. Over the centuries, botanical medicine gave birth to the modern sciences of botany, pharmacy, perfumery, and chemistry. With all of the advancements in modern medicine and science, it would be easy to dismiss herbal medicine as quaint: a discipline spoken of only in the past tense. However, in many parts of the world, including modern China, India, and many countries in South America and Africa, it remains a primary source of medicine. And in the West, botanical medicine is a growing part of a movement known as “complementary and alternative medicine (CAM),” which loosely translates as a collection of practices and approaches that fall principally outside those taught in conventional medical training centers. Women are the largest consumers of health care, and this extends to their utilization of CAM. The 2002 National Health Interview Survey, which included more than 17,000 women, found that women utilized CAM more than men; 69% reported using CAM within the previous 12 months. Higher levels of CAM use were associated with increased education, higher income, and a lower health status. In general, women between 50 and 59 years of age composed the subgroup with the highest rates of use (1). Researchers have attempted to uncover the reasons why women turn to CAM in general and to botanical medicine in partic u lar. A recent study in the United Kingdom found that the desire to have personal control over their health was the strongest motive for women to use herbal medicine. Secondarily was their dissatisfaction with conventional treatment and its disregard for a holistic approach, as well as concerns about the side effects of medications (2). As a health practitioner for more than 25 years, this author has gained signifi cant knowledge in the use of botanical medicines in women’s health. There are signifi cant challenges facing the clinician when attempting to recommend botanical medicines, particularly when it comes to the research and the marketplace. This chapter is not intended to be an
Bolt force to flatten warped flanges.

Bolt load necessary to flatten flange of pipe connector to achieve positive gasket compression for leakage prevention
DNA-Binding and Physical Studies of Pt(4′-NR2-trpy)CN+ Systems (trpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-Terpyridine)

This paper focuses on DNA-binding interactions exhibited by Pt(dma-T)CN+, where dma-T denotes 4′-dimethylamino-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine, and includes complementary studies of the corresponding pyrr-T complex, where pyrr-T denotes 4′-(N-pyrrolidinyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine. The chromophores are useful for understanding the interesting and rather intricate DNA-binding interactions exhibited by these and related systems. One reason is that the terpyridine ligands employed provide intense visible absorption and enhanced photoluminescence signals. Incorporating cyanide as a coligand further aids analysis by suppressing covalent binding. Physical methods utilized include X-ray crystallography for structures of the individual inorganic complexes. Viscometry as well as spectral studies of the absorbance, emission, and circular dichroism (CD) yield information about interactions with a variety of DNA hosts. Although there is no sign of covalent binding under the conditions used, most hosts exhibit two phases of up...
Adenosine attenuates in vivo myocardial stunning with minimal effects on cardiac energetics.

Adenosine has been shown to modulate myocardial intermediary metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adenosine-mediated attenuation of in vivo myocardial stunning is associated with improved myocardial phosphorylation potential. Adult, open chest pigs were subjected to 10 minutes of regional myocardial ischemia and 90 minutes reperfusion. Regional ventricular function was assessed by measuring systolic wall thickening. Myocardial phosphorylation potential was estimated from the tissue (CrP/CrxPi) ratio determined in rapid-frozen tissue biopsy samples from normal and stunned myocardium. Control pigs were compared to animals treated prior to ischemia with intracoronary adenosine (50 μg/kg/min). Postischemic regional systolic wall thickening in adenosine treated pigs was significantly improved (40±3% of preischemic values) compared to control untreated pigs (26±3%). Myocardial stunning was associated with decreased ATP levels, but neither the total creatine pool (CrP+Cr) nor the (CrP/CrxPi) ratio was reduced. Adenosine pretreatment was associated with decreased Pi and Cr contents resulting in improved postischemic (CrP/CrxPi) ratio in the stunned bed compared to controls, but this effect occurred only after postischemic function had attained maximal improvement. These results suggest that adenosine attenuation of in vivo myocardial stunning is independent of elevated myocardial phosphorylation potential.
The cyclopean (stereoscopic) barber pole illusion

Across two experiments, this study found that the barber pole illusion (i.e. grating pattern appearing to move in the direction of the long axis of a rectangular aperture) is perceived with stereoscopic (cyclopean) motion. The grating and aperture comprising the barber pole display were created from binocular disparity differences embedded in a dynamic random-dot stereogram or from luminance differences. In Experiment 1, observers viewed a square-wave grating moving through a rectangular aperture of 2:1 or 4:1 aspect ratio and indicated whether the grating appeared to move in a direction perpendicular to its orientation or in the direction of the long axis of the aperture. For both stereoscopic and luminance stimuli equally, the grating appeared to move in the direction of the aperture (i.e. the barber pole illusion) more often with the larger aspect ratio than with the smaller aspect ratio. The condition for which a stereoscopic grating moved through a luminance rectangular aperture was also examined: the grating appeared to move in the direction of the aperture (inter-attribute barber pole illusion). In Experiment 2, observers viewed a square-wave grating moving through a rectangular aperture of 3:1 aspect ratio whose sides were indented in order to change the local direction of motion of the line terminators. For both stereoscopic and luminance stimuli, the grating appeared to move more frequently in a direction perpendicular to its orientation with the indented aperture (i.e. the illusion was diminished). Thus, local velocity signals from moving stereoscopic line terminators play a role in the production of the barber pole illusion similar to that of luminance motion signals. This suggests that the generation and propagation of motion signals at cyclopean levels of vision play a part in the representation of coherently-moving rigid surfaces.
Enhancing the perceived health of HIV seropositive men.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between hope, social support, uncertainty in illness, and spirituality and their effect on the perceived health of HIV seropositive men. A prospective design was used to test a causal model on a sample of 125 HIV seropositive men recruited from urban HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics. A goodness of fit index of .90 and a comparative fit index of .79 indicated minimal fit of the theorized model with the data. Findings revealed significant, positive paths from hope to perceived health and from spirituality to hope. Significant negative paths were found between social support and uncertainty in illness and uncertainty in illness and hope. The level of hope may play an important role in enhancing health of HIV seropositive men.
Fieldable Fourier transform spectrometer

The infrared sensors group at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is focused on the science and technology of remote and in-situ chemical sensors for detecting proliferation and countering terrorism. To support these vital missions, PNNL is developing frequency-modulation techniques for remote probing over long optical paths by means of differential-absorption light detecting and ranging (LIDAR). This technique can easily monitor large areas, or volumes, that could only be accomplished with a large network of point sensors. Recently, PNNL began development of a rugged frequency-modulation differential-abosrption LIDAR (FM-DIAL) system to conduct field experiments. To provide environmentla protection for the system and facilitate field deployments and operations, a large, well insulated, temperature controlled trailer was specified and acquired. The trailer was outfitted with a shock-mounted optical bench, an electronics rack, a liquid nitrogen Dewar, and a power generator. A computer-controlled gimbal-mounted mirror was added to allow the telescope beam to be accurately pointed in both the vertical and horizontal plane. This turned out to be the most complicated addition, and is described in detail. This paper provides an overview of the FM-DIAL system and illustrates innovative solutions developed to overcome several alignment and stability issues encountered in the field.
Consolidative Involved-Node Proton Therapy for Stage IA-IIIB Mediastinal Hodgkin Lymphoma: Preliminary Dosimetric Outcomes From a Phase II Study

Purpose To compare the dose reduction to organs at risk (OARs) with proton therapy (PT) versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) enrolled on a Phase II study of involved-node radiotherapy (INRT). Methods and Materials Between June 2009 and October 2010, 10 patients were enrolled on a University of Florida institutional review board–approved protocol for de novo "classical" Stage IA-IIIB HL with mediastinal (bulky or nonbulky) involvement after chemotherapy. INRT was planned per European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer guidelines. Three separate optimized plans were developed for each patient: 3D-CRT, IMRT, and PT. The primary end point was a 50% reduction in the body V4 with PT compared with 3D-CRT or IMRT. Results The median relative reduction with PT in the primary end point, body V4, was 51% compared with 3D-CRT ( p = 0.0098) and 59% compared with IMRT ( p = 0.0020), thus all patients were offered treatment with PT. PT provided the lowest mean dose to the heart, lungs, and breasts for all 10 patients compared with either 3D-CRT or IMRT. The median difference in the OAR mean dose reduction with PT compared with 3D-CRT were 10.4 Gy/CGE for heart; 5.5 Gy/CGE for lung; 0.9 Gy/CGE for breast; 8.3 Gy/CGE for esophagus; and 4.1 Gy/CGE for thyroid. The median differences for mean OAR dose reduction for PT compared with IMRT were 4.3 Gy/CGE for heart, 3.1 Gy/CGE for lung, 1.4 Gy/CGE for breast, 2.8 Gy/CGE for esophagus, and 2.7 Gy/CGE for thyroid. Conclusions All 10 patients benefitted from dose reductions to OARs with PT compared with either 3D-CRT or IMRT. It is anticipated that these reductions in dose to OAR will translate into lower rates of late complications, but long-term follow-up on this Phase II INRT study is needed.
Errata to "Electric field-based surface integral constraints for Helmholtz decompositions of the current on a conductor" [Sep 13 4632-4640]

In the above paper (ibid., vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 4632-4640, Sep. 2013), Fig. 14 appeared inaccurately. The correct version is presented here. The IEEE regrets this error.
Multiple material marching cubes algorithm

The accurate reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) boundary surfaces from two-dimensional (2D) medical images is a crucial procedure in most applications of computational biomedical engineering. This paper addresses an innovative system that efficiently reconstructs accurate, multiple-material, 3D surface meshes from 2D medical images. It is based on an enhanced marching cubes algorithm, the multi-material marching cubes algorithm (M3C), which extracts boundary surfaces between different materials within one sweep of the image stack in an integrated manner. The continuity and integrity of the surfaces are ensured with this robust algorithm. Surface adjustment algorithms were also revised to adapt to the multiple-material nature of the system. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The BRAHMS experiment at RHIC

Abstract The physics goals for the BRAHMS (Broad RAnge Hadron Magnetic Spectrometers) Experiment at RHIC are presented. The proposed detector layout and experimental methods are discussed in some detail to show how the goals will be achieved in this small experiment.
A new mouse T-cell receptor alpha chain variable region family.

Sequence analysis of the rearranged T-cell receptor a chain gene segments from an influenza reactive T-cell clone T2.5-5 and a hemin chloride reactive T-cell hybrid SJL-HE-1.1 have revealed a previously undescribedV α gene family. We have designated this familyV α15. Southern hybridization analysis has indicated that this family most probably contains only two members, and that these are conserved in each of six mouse strains representing three previously describedV α haplotypes:V α a ,V α b , andV α c .
Water-in-oil emulsions that improve the storage and delivery of the biolarvacide Lagenidium giganteum

Lagenidium giganteum is an effective biological control agent for mosquitoes with limited use due to poor survival and contamination during storage. Invert (water-in-oil) emulsions using crop oils were investigated for formulating L. giganteum mycelium for improved shelf life and delivery. Cells formulated in a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion were just as effective against larvae as those formulated in aqueous suspension. Cells formulated in the W/O emulsion and cell suspension settled during storage and formed clumps, which significantly reduced the efficacy of formulations. Hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were added to the W/O emulsion formulation for oil thickening. The addition of silica significantly reduced cell sedimentation and improved storage; thickened W/O emulsions with an initial cell density of 3900 CFU/mg applied at 0.5 mg/cm2 were greater than 95% effective at infecting mosquitoes after 12 weeks of storage at room temperature. Cell density reduction during storage was represented using first-order kinetics. Surface treatment of silica nanoparticles and oil refinement both had a significant effect on the first-order rate constant; as the hydrophobicity of the silica increased and level of oil refinement decreased, the rate constant increased. The percentage of water in the W/O emulsion and type of refined crop oil had no significant effect on the first-order rate constant. Cells formulated in the thickened W/O emulsion were less likely to settle when applied to water compared to cells in aqueous suspension, suggesting better cell distribution in an aqueous environment could be achieved when cells are applied in a W/O emulsion.
Laterality, torque and personality

Evidence accumulating from a variety of methological approaches suggests that unusual laterality is often a concomitant feature of emotional pathology. In the present study both torque and a multifaceted measure of laterality were examined with respect to personality variables measured by the 16 PF in a normal population. Interestingly, a pattern of emotionality for subjects with a more confused laterality was revealed in a normal population which is notably similar to reported aberrant personality factors and laterality in more pathological groups. The existence of a cohesive continuum of emotional expression in relation to confused laterality is suggested. In addition, both torque and the multifactored measure of laterality are critiqued as research measures and for their clinical potential.
A comparison of direct endoscopic necrosectomy with transmural endoscopic drainage for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis

Background Endoscopic therapy of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) via direct intracavitary debridement is described. Objective To compare direct endoscopic necrosectomy with conventional transmural endoscopic drainage for the treatment of WOPN. Design Retrospective, comparative study. Setting Academic tertiary-care center. Patients Patients referred to Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, since April 1998 for endoscopic drainage of WOPN. Interventions Each patient underwent standard endoscopic drainage that consisted of transmural cavity puncture, dilation of the fistula tract, and placement of a large-bore stent(s). Patients were classified into the direct endoscopic necrosectomy group if, during any of their procedures, adjunctive direct endoscopic necrosectomy was performed; all others were in the standard drainage group. Main Outcome Measurements Success was defined as resolution of the necrotic cavity without the need for operative or percutaneous intervention. Results Forty-five patients were identified who met study criteria: 25 underwent direct endoscopic necrosectomy, and 20 underwent standard endoscopic drainage. There were no differences in baseline patient or cavity characteristics. Successful resolution was accomplished in 88% who underwent direct endoscopic necrosectomy versus 45% who received standard drainage ( P P Limitations Retrospective, referral bias, single center. Conclusions Direct endoscopic necrosectomy achieves higher rates of resolution, without a concomitant change in the number of endoscopic procedures, complication rate, or time to resolution compared with standard endoscopic drainage for WOPN. The need for fewer postprocedural inpatient hospital days and a decrease in the rate of cavity recurrence are also likely benefits of this technique.
Calculation of elasticity and high pressure instabilities in corundum and stishovite with the Potential Induced Breathing Model

Direct calculation of elasticity in the Potential Induced Breathing (PIB) model is developed. This allows calculation of elastic constants and acoustic velocities of oxides and silicates without any experimental data other than the values of fundamental constants, such as Planck's constant. The PIB model allows for spherical charge relaxation in response to the long-range electrostatic potential. This feature is not present in any other lattice dynamical model, and leads to many-body forces that break the Cauchy conditions for centrosymmetric crystals (i.e. C44=C12) without the introduction of explicit angle bending forces. The elastic properties are calculated here for corundum and stishovite. High pressure elastic instabilities are found for both corundum (α-Al2O3) and stishovite (SiO2). Softening of C44 for corundum is calculated to begin at approximately 120 GPa. This may require reconsideration of the ruby fluorescence pressure scale and recent ultra-high pressure diamond cell experiments. The high pressure instability in stishovite leads to a low pressure dependence for the aggregate shear wave velocity.
Differential effects of planktonic and biofilm MRSA on human fibroblasts.

Bacteria colonizing chronic wounds often exist as biofilms, yet their role in chronic wound pathogenesis remains unclear. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms induce apoptosis in dermal keratinocytes, and given that chronic wound biofilms also colonize dermal tissue, it is important to investigate the effects of bacterial biofilms on dermal fibroblasts. The effects of a predominant wound pathogen, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, on normal, human, dermal fibroblasts were examined in vitro. Cell-culture medium was conditioned with equivalent numbers of either planktonic or biofilm methicillin-resistant S. aureus and then fed to fibroblast cultures. Fibroblast response was evaluated using scratch, viability, and apoptosis assays. The results suggested that fibroblasts experience the same fate when exposed to the soluble products of either planktonic or biofilm methicillin-resistant S. aureus, namely limited migration followed by death. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays demonstrated that fibroblast production of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases were differentially affected by planktonic and biofilm-conditioned medium. Planktonic-conditioned medium induced more interleukin-6, interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, heparin-bound epidermal growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and metalloproteinase-3 production in fibroblasts than the biofilm-conditioned medium. Biofilm-conditioned medium induced more tumor necrosis factor-α production in fibroblasts compared with planktonic-conditioned medium, and suppressed metalloproteinase-3 production compared with controls.
The fundamental singularity in a shallow ocean with an elastic seabed

In this paper, the problem of constructing the acoustic pressure field excited by a time-harmonic point source in a shallow ocean over an elastic seabed is considered. This is a transmission boundary value problem for a system of prtial differential equations. Two different expansions for the propagating solutions are derived. The first expansion is obtained by using Hankel transformation. We symbolically compute the Hankel transform of the propagating solution and then perform inversion using Mittag-Leffler decomposition and other spectral analysis techniques. The second expansion is normal mode expansion. We find an appropriate inner product in a suitable function space, which permits us to compute the generalized Fourier coefficients. Numerical computations are presented to verify the orthogonality of the set of eigenfunctions with rewpect to this inner product, and to verify the equivalence of the two expansions.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging, White Matter Lesions, the Corpus Callosum, and Gait in the Elderly

Background and Purpose— Gait impairment is common in the elderly, especially those with stroke and white matter hyperintensities on conventional brain MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is more se...
A neurodynamical model of context-dependent category learning

The abstraction of patterns from data and the formation of categories is a hallmark of human cognitive ability. As such, it has been studied from many different perspectives by researchers, and these studies have led to several explanatory models. In this paper, we consider the inference of categorical representations for the purpose of producing task-specific responses. Task-relevant responses require a knowledge repertoire that is organized to allow efficient access to useful information. We present a neurodynamical system that infers functionally coherent categories from semantic inputs (or concepts) presented sequentially in different contexts, and encodes them as attractors in a two-dimensional topological feature space. The resulting category representations can then act as pointers in a larger system for semantic cognition. The system allows controlled hierarchical organization and functional segregation of the inferred categories.
Natural weathering mechanisms of almandine garnet

The weathering of almandine garnet in the oxidized, vadose zone of saprolite near Otto, North Carolina, begins at grain boundaries and along fractures traversing the garnet grains. Radially oriented fibrous intergrowths of gibbsite and goethite form layers of uniform thickness, which grow by centripetal replacement as weathering proceeds. The contact between the garnet surface and the layer of weathering products is sharp and smooth, and garnet corners are rounded. Large, well-defined etch pits are absent on the underlying garnet surface. These observations suggest that diffusion (transport) of reactants and/or products through the gibbsite-goethite layer is the rate-limiting step in the weathering of almandine garnet in the oxidizing environment of the saprolite. In soils overlying the saprolite, garnet surfaces are directly exposed to weathering solutions without the intervening surface layer. Such “unprotected” grains in soils (and stream sediments) exhibit numerous large, well-developed etch pits. Surface-reaction control, rather than transport control, prevails during weathering of almandine garnet in the absence of protective surface layers of weathering products. Biochemical or biological processes in the soil apparently prevent the gibbsite-goethite layer from forming or persisting. Soil solutions can therefore react directly with the garnet surface, rather than requiring reactants or products to diffuse through the gibbsite-goethite coating as in the saprolite. The mechanism, and rate-limiting step, of almandine garnet weathering is apparently strongly dependent on the chemical environment in which weathering occurs.
Children's information seeking in coping with daily-life problems: An investigation of fifth- and sixth-grade students

Abstract Researchers have increasingly paid attention to the personal and emotional growth of youth. However, little research has examined how exactly young people use or seek information for their personal development and growth. The primary goal of this study, therefore, was to explore the students' use of “information seeking” to cope with their day-to-day personal stressors and problems. The sample consisted of 641 children in fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms from an urban public elementary school in Taiwan. Data were collected through semistructured, open-ended surveys. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to analyze the data. This study found that in coping with daily-life problems, nearly two-thirds of the participating children would seek information; that sixth graders were more likely to do so; and that gender did not make information seeking more (or less) probable in this coping context. Findings also revealed some major reasons for children's information seeking in this coping context, for example, to solve problems, to escape, and to find a transition. Finally, five major different information seeking behaviors related to coping emerged from the findings: information seeking for problem solving, information seeking to escape, information seeking for a transition, information seeking to change mood, and information avoidance, which can be used as a platform to develop an explanatory and possibly predictive framework for future studies.
Conveying Multiple, Complex Themes and Classes for Natural Resource Assessments

Abstract Two methods were used to convey the spatial association between a classified forested landscape, the distribution of a hurricane impact, and the subsequent recovery of the habitat from the storm. The first method used a constant hue matrix with varying intensity to visually represent combinations of impact and recovery magnitudes. The second combined two colors of constant hue to represent the impact and recovery succession. Maps produced using either method generally simulated known impact and recovery spatial distributions. In the constant hue representation with varying intensity, the combination of impact and recovery could not be uniquely represented in all cases and the relationship was confused between the map and legend color. In the two color representation, however, a definite link existed between the map and legend color and the impact and recovery magnitudes. A drawback to this approach over the constant hue approach was that a separate map had to be used to represent each forest type...
Does Free Primary Education Narrow Gender Differences in Schooling? Evidence from Kenya

We identify the impact of the 2003 Kenyan Free Primary Education (FPE) programme on gender imbalances in the number of students graduating from primary school and achievement on the primary school exit examination. Our identification strategy exploits temporal and spatial variations in the pre-programme dropout rates between districts in a difference-in-differences strategy. We find that the programme boosted primary school completion rates of both boys and girls, but had a larger effect for boys, thereby increasing the gender gap in graduation. Additionally, the programme led to a widening of the achievement gap in government schools. Overall, FPE increased educational access, but did not close gender gaps, suggesting that complementary programmes that specifically target girls may be necessary to reduce these gaps. Copyright 2012 , Oxford University Press.
Four wave mixing (FWM) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based coherent image storage in hot atomic vapors

We demonstrate storage of images carried by optical pulses in hot vapors using a combination of FWM and EIT and show that the images retrieved are robust to diffusion.
A THEORY OF TASTE STIMULATION

The treatment in this paper of available quantitative data on the response of taste receptors to sodium salt stimulation clearly indicates that the ions of the chemical stimulus are loosely bound to some substance of the taste receptor. This can be thought of as an initial reaction which ultimately leads to stimulation of the receptor and an eventual depolarization of the associated sensory neuron. The speed of the total reaction suggests that the receptor substance is located on or near the surface of the receptor. The recently proposed (7) enzymatic reactions for chemoreceptors do not appear plausible for sodium salt stimulation of the taste receptors of the rat.
Swarming on Random Graphs

We consider a compromise model in one dimension in which pairs of agents interact through first-order dynamics that involve both attraction and repulsion. In the case of all-to-all coupling of agents, this system has a lowest energy state in which half of the agents agree upon one value and the other half agree upon a different value. The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of this compromise model when the interaction between the N agents occurs according to an Erdős-Renyi random graph \(\mathcal{G}(N,p)\). We study the effect of changing p on the stability of the compromised state, and derive both rigorous and asymptotic results suggesting that the stability is preserved for probabilities greater than \(p_{c}=O(\frac{\log N}{N})\). In other words, relatively few interactions are needed to preserve stability of the state. The results rely on basic probability arguments and the theory of eigenvalues of random matrices.
Digital control of three-phase series converter for DFIG wind turbine low voltage ride-through solution

This paper introduces a new solution for Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) to stay connected to the grid during short circuit condition. The main idea is to increase the stator voltage to a level that creates the required flux to keep the rotor side converter current below its transient rating. To accomplish this goal, a series compensator is added to inject voltage, during the short circuit, in series to the stator side line. Digital deadbeat controller is designed, implemented, and applied to a three-phase series converter. The proposed controller adjusts the series converter voltage with four sampling periods. Since the turbine and converter stay connected, the synchronization of operation remains established during and after the fault and normal operation can be resumed immediately after the fault is cleared. Simulation and experimental results are presented, which show the feasibility of the proposed controller for this topology.
A rivalry in the making? The Euro and international monetary power

ABSTRACT Over the past few years, the dollar has been trading at historically low values against the Euro. Does the current trend indicate that the Euro is poised to challenge the long global supremacy of the American greenback? And how might currency rivalry reflect and shape the broader balance of power between the United States and the EU? The approach to the general relationship between power and currency is discussed, the determinants and characteristics of a key currency assessed, and the advantages and disadvantages that accrue to a key currency nation briefly reviewed. The current, and likely future, state of play in the global usage of the dollar, the Euro, and other major currencies are sketched out, stressing the interaction of material factors and the role of ideas and social processes in determining key currency status. On balance, the essay concludes that the Euro has many of the underlying economic factors that would make it a peer competitor to the dollar, but that the necessary political ...
Standard practices for computerized clinical decision support in community hospitals: a national survey

Objective Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) with clinical decision support (CDS) can help hospitals improve care. Little is known about what CDS is presently in use and how it is managed, however, especially in community hospitals. This study sought to address this knowledge gap by identifying standard practices related to CDS in US community hospitals with mature CPOE systems. Materials and Methods Representatives of 34 community hospitals, each of which had over 5 years experience with CPOE, were interviewed to identify standard practices related to CDS. Data were analyzed with a mix of descriptive statistics and qualitative approaches to the identification of patterns, themes and trends. Results This broad sample of community hospitals had robust levels of CDS despite their small size and the independent nature of many of their physician staff members. The hospitals uniformly used medication alerts and order sets, had sophisticated governance procedures for CDS, and employed staff to customize CDS. Discussion The level of customization needed for most CDS before implementation was greater than expected. Customization requires skilled individuals who represent an emerging manpower need at this type of hospital. Conclusion These results bode well for robust diffusion of CDS to similar hospitals in the process of adopting CDS and suggest that national policies to promote CDS use may be successful.
The Role of Latent Heat Release in the Evolution of a Weak Extratropical Cyclone

Abstract A study of the sensitivity of a weak winter extratropical cyclone to latent heat release (LHR) is presented using 48-h simulations of the cyclone's evolution derived from three versions of the LFM model: a MOIST simulation in which full model physics was employed, a DRY simulation in which all latent heating was removed, and a DOUBLE MOIST simulation in which the effect of latent heating on the temperature field was doubled. Results indicate that a deepening cyclone occurs in the DOUBLE MOIST simulation, a near steady-state cyclone in the MOIST simulation, and a filling cyclone in the DRY simulation. Thus, for this case the presence and intensity of LHR is of critical importance to this cyclone's intensification. In addition, using height tendency diagnoses, it is concluded that for this case in the lower troposphere the dominant LHR influence is direct, through the explicit diabatic heating forcing in the height tendency equation. In contrast, in the middle and upper troposphere this direct LHR ...
Spin dynamics of the quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnet CoCl{sub 2}{center_dot}2D{sub 2}O

We present inelastic neutron scattering experiments of the magnetic excitation spectra of ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}\ensuremath{\cdot}2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}.$ We find that the excitation energies are well described by the predictions of linear spin-wave theory for a system of weakly coupled ferromagnetic Ising chains. We use the calculated spin-wave intensities to test the (predicted) existence of magnetic Bloch oscillations in this system. We show that these magnetic Bloch oscillations cannot be observed in ${\mathrm{CoCl}}_{2}\ensuremath{\cdot}2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}.$
Finite element analysis of composite bridge deck joints

In this study a finite element model of a 4”-thick low-profile FRP bridge deck (Prodeck 4) made of E-glass fiber and vinyl ester resin, having a fiber volume fraction of approximately 50% and weighing about 10 lb/ft2, is developed using the software ANSYS. The analysis also incorporates various joint systems such as an adhesively-connected joint, mechanically riveted joint and a combined riveted and bonded joint. These joint models are subjected to compressive and bending loads to evaluate results such as strain profiles across the joint sections. The obtained results are compared with previous experimental results. A good correlation is found to exist between the finite element and experimental results of Prodeck 4. This analysis also proves the apparent increase in Young’s modulus of thin adhesive films.
Clarett's Run into Court No Sure Score

This editorial looks at the potential for an NFL player to challenge the league's age/education requirement. The editorial was written before the NFL age/education requirement was directly written into the league collective bargaining agreement, as well as before the NFL put forward to argument that the age/education requirement was implicitly part of the collective bargaining agreement.
Beating heart disease with engineering. A meeting organized by the Royal Academy of Engineering and held at the Royal Society of Medicine, London, on Thursday 7 May 1998.

Some years ago it became apparent that a focus was needed for the wide range of high quality biomedical engineering activity in the United Kingdom. As a result, in 1993 the Joint UK Focus for Biomedical Engineering was established under the auspices of the Royal Academy of Engineering. Membership includes both professional and governmental bodies involved in biomedical engineering, with its aims being to raise the general awareness of biomedical engineering issues. To help achieve its aims, the Focus organizes conferences on what it considers to be key issues in the field, the latest of which was entitled, 'Beating heart disease with engineering'.
Photoneutron cross sections for 13 C

The photoneutron cross sections for $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ have been measured from near threshold to over 40 MeV using monoenergetic photons from positron in-flight annihilation. Several sharp features below the giant resonance were distinguished. The results both for this "pygmy-resonance" region and for the giant resonance near 24 MeV differ markedly from previously reported measurements and provide a much better quantitative comparison with recent theoretical calculations of the photoneutron reaction in $^{13}\mathrm{C}$. Comparison of the measured total photoneutron cross section with recent data on the ground-state photoreaction and with average photoneutron energies provides evidence for the isospin splitting of the giant resonance for this nucleus.
The infection process and nodule initiation in theFrankia-Ceanothus root nodule symbiosis: A structural and histochemical study

Root nodules are induced in actinorhizal plants by the nitrogen-fixing actinomyceteFrankia. Nodules may be initiated by root hair infection or by intercellular penetration. InCeanothus spp. (Rhamnaceae),Frankia colonized the host root tissue by intercellular infection, in spite of the occurrence of root hairs in the infected region. The intercellular infection pathway was characterized by an extensive darkly-staining matrix which filled prominent intercellular spaces of the root cortex, gradually decreasing through a transition zone into the nodule cortex. At the ultrastructural level, most of the matrix was composed of fibrillar electron dense material. Holes or spaces occurred in the electron dense matrix, often in conjunction with apparent loosening of wall layers. Secondary cell division was observed within the root cortical cells embedded in the intercellular matrix. Unusually high levels of pectic compounds and proteins were identified histochemically in the matrix.
NASA Student Programs and Senior Capstone Design Experience

A significant way to attract engineering students, especially aerospace and mechanical engineering majors, to space issues is to implement exciting NASA student programs into the senior-year capstone design experience. Three years ago the University of Tennessee’s Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department offered two new projects, named “Microgravity” and “Lunar Rover Vehicle”, as senior capstone design projects. Both require participation, on a competitive basis, in two corresponding NASA programs: “The Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program” and “The Great Moonbuggy Race”. Three years of experience have demonstrated that both programs are very suitable in offering senior students unique opportunities to improve their analytical abilities, develop design skills, gain experience in working in multi-disciplinary teams, solve cutting-edge engineering problems, and familiarize themselves with space issues and technical problems.© 2005 ASME
Cloud Collars and Sleeve Bands: Commercial Embroidery and the Fashionable Accessory in Mid-to-Late Qing China

AbstractThis paper explores how the growth of commercialized textile production entwined with fashionable consumption to stimulate new styles in Chinese women’s dress during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Focusing on the development of Suzhou’s embroidery industry, the paper demonstrates the shift towards the embroidered accessory during this period and discusses how production systems delineated the possibilities of fashionable dress. Combining analysis of embroidered objects with vernacular and commercial texts detailing the growth of this industry, the paper considers the impact of commercialization not only upon styles of dress, but also upon the women who wore and produced these fashionable accessories, and in so doing, connected to contemporary cultural trends.
Design scheme of large-capacity fixed DC de-icing device for AC transmission lines

A large-capacity fixed DC de-icing device is designed and developed and it can de-ice for 500 kV AC transmission lines.According to the current parameters of AC transmission lines,some of its important aspects are introduced:main circuit design,basic structure and parameters,control and protection design,overvoltage and insulation coordination.Its wide operating range leads to its complex structure:two parallel operating 6-pulse converters,Y / △ connection commutating transformer,small-capacity three-phase three-winding Y / △ / △ connection transformer for low load de-icing,AC and DC filters.
Electrogastrographic study on children with diabetes mellitus

Objective To explore the electro-gastro-graphic changes on children with DM. Methods Electrogastrography (EGEG-5D2 system) was undertaken in 50 DM cases (23 boys, 27 girls) and 25 cases (13 boys, 12 girls). The age of patients in DM group was from 7 to 18 years old. The course of DM before electro-gastric test was 20 days to 7 years. 17(34.0%) had digestive symptoms. The age, height, weight and BMI of patients in the control group were all in normal range. 15 min test was continued before and after meal. Meal’s effect on electro-gastric activity was analyzed based on the changes of gastric frequency and amplitude of gastric electric activity’s waves which recorded with EGG after food. Results The waves’ mean value of width after meals in the two groups who had long DM history or whose blood glucose was under controlled were the same as in normal group. The waves' mean value after meals in DM group was higher than that of before meal which had no difference whether patients had digestive symptoms or not. In contrast to high mean frequency in normal group after meal, it was slower than that before meal, especially at the position of sinus ventriculi. The mean frequency after meals in patients who had digestive symptoms and pationts whose blood glucose had been under controlled had shown no faster but even slower. Conclusions Some children with DM have abnormal electro-gastric changes.
Dating Fill Deposits and Pithouses in the Mimbres Area Through Two Ceramic Seriation Techniques: An Example from the Lake Roberts Vista Site

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the results of analysis conducted on Mimbres ceramics from the Lake Roberts Vista site, LA 71877, Gila National Forest, New Mexico. Two related Mimbres pottery seriation techniques, one broad-scale and the other fine-scale, were used to date pithouse fill deposits in the absence of radiometric dates. The study found that the two seriation techniques were useful for placing fill deposits and pit structures into period and phase categories, and that the fine-scale seriation apparently delineated smaller units of time within these broader categories. The benefits and potential problems of such an approach to dating archaeological fill deposits are discussed. I suggest that the microseriation technique is useful because it provides a way to date pit structures when chronometric dates are not available and delineates possible clusters of contemporaneously occupied structures at pithouse villages.