cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal transport across carbon nanotubes connected by molecular linkers

Abstract Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics is applied to investigate thermal transport across two CNTs connected longitudinally by molecular linkers, which is a basic building-block for CNT network structures. We show the effect of different numbers, monomer types, and lengths of molecular linkers on the interfacial thermal conductance between CNTs and molecular linkers. We also analyze the density of vibrational normal modes to further understand the interfacial thermal conductance between different molecular linkers and CNTs. For most of the molecular linker type we simulated, the interfacial thermal conductance decreases with the increasing chain length. We find that aromatic-backbone structures are better than aliphatic-backbone structures to obtain higher interfacial thermal conductance with CNTs. Incorporating double bonds, oxygen atoms and amide groups into polymer chains shifts or redistributes of the density of vibrational normal modes, which in turn tunes the interfacial thermal conductance of molecular linker with CNTs. These results provide guidance for choosing molecular linkers to build up large-scale CNT-based network structures with tunable thermal properties.
Dislocation generation in GaN heteroepitaxy

In this work. we study the microstructural evolution. with particular emphasis on threading dislocation (TD) generation. in the two-step metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of GaN on sapphire. The MOCVD growths were carried out at atmospheric pressure in a horizontal two-flow reactor. Nominally, 200 A thick nucleation layers (NL) were deposited at temperatures in the range 525-600 C followed by high temperature (HT) growth at 1060 1080 C. Throughout the different stages of growth. the microstructure was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two growth conditions were closely studied: brief pre-growth ammonia exposure of the sapphire ('Matcrial A') and extensive pre-growth ammonia exposure of the sapphire ('Material B'). The as-grown Material B NL has a ∼ 25 A hexagonal GaN wetting layer followed by predominantly (1 I 1) oriented cubic GaN. After HT exposure. Material B NL predominantly transforms to hexagonal GaN and has TDs. These TDs propagate into the HT GaN and lead to a TD density of 2 x 10 10 after I μm of HT growth. Material A NLs, before and after HT exposure. have rough morphologies and a high-degree-of-stacking disorder (predominantly (1 I 1) oriented cubic GaN). On Material A NLs, The HT GaN grows by a coarse island mechanism in which the GaN laterally overgrows the NL without generating TDs. Stacking disorder and misorientation between the HT hexagonal GaN and the N L islands is accommodated either by Shockley or Frank partial dislocations or local strain. The majority of TDs are subsequently generated at the coalescence of the HT islands.
Mesoporous silicon nanotechnology for cancer application

Despite the significant breakthroughs in tumor detection, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, there remains a significant need for the development of innovative approaches to decrease cancer morbidity and mortality. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary approach associated with physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, and engineering, offering unprecedented opportunities to improve the current medical and clinical practice. In this article, we present the development of multistage nanovector approach for a synergistic targeting and delivery of therapeutic agents, providing disruptive technology to overcome the biological barriers that impede efficient drug delivery. We further present an integrated multifunctional nanoproteomics platformcombined with mass spectrometry for the screening and discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring. These two nanotechnology platforms together will provide potential for development of an effective personalized medicine.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BIFASICULAR BLOCK (RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK PLUS LEFT POSTERIOR FASCICULAR BLOCK) IN ADULTS <40 YEARS OLD

A bifascicular block involving the right bundle branch (RBBB) and left posterior fascicle (LPFB) is a rare ECG abnormality thought to imply significant disease of the cardiac conduction system. We sought to retrospectively establish a cohort with this ECG abnormality and evaluate for progression of
Prediction of DISC substance abuse and dependency for ethnically diverse adolescents

Abstract Purpose: This study examines the validity of selected items from the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-Adolescent (SASSI-A) version in predicting Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC version 2.3) Substance abuse and dependency (SA/D) for Native Hawaiian (i.e., indigenous people of the Hawaiian Islands) and non-Hawaiian adolescents (youth without any Native Hawaiian indigenous ancestry). Methods: 542 students were randomly selected from the larger sample to participate in the DISC administration. Demographic information, SASSI-A scores, and DISC diagnoses were obtained for each student. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed in the prediction of DISC SA/D. Results: SASSI-A Factor 1, consisting of three items measuring substance use, was found to have the best utility, accounting for 18.1% of the variance, in predicting DISC SA/D. Implications: These results support selected SASSI-A items in screening for SA/D for Native Hawaiian and non-Hawaiian adolescents in Hawaii as compared to other community-based screening instruments for other populations.
ROLE OF DOUBLE-QUANTUM TRANSITIONS IN MASERS

A generalized treatment of a three-level maser as an example of double- irradiation experiments is based on a previous analysis of multiple-quantum transitions in nuclear magnetic resonance. The emphasis in the present treatment, as distinct from other expositions of the same problem, is on the role of the double-quantum transitions. In particular, conditions are found in which the maser operation is mainly governed by the doublequantum process and does not require a true "pumping" stage. Such a case is realizable in practice but its technical applicability is questionable. A study of the behavior of various transitions in this example is instructive for understanding the general role of the double-quantum transitions in double-resonance experiments. (auth)
Two-photon-excited fluorescence measurements of OH concentration in a hydrogen-oxygen flame

Two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPF) has been used to determine the OH concentration profile in an atmospheric-pressure hydrogen–oxygen flame. Individual rovibronic transitions within the A2Σ+−X2Π (0,0) system of OH were identified by comparing calculated wavelengths to emission spectra obtained by laser excitation from 604 to 638 nm. Relative OH concentrations were determined by individually exciting the O1(5), O2(5), and P2(5) transitions and monitoring the resulting fluorescence with a filtered photomultiplier and a gated integrator system. The expected quadratic dependence of the fluorescence signal on laser power was verified indicating the probable lack of photochemical effects. The OH profile determined by the TPF method was found to be in good agreement with that determined by absorption spectroscopy. The estimated OH detection limit using TPF is ∼1014 molecules/cm3 at atmospheric pressure.
Comparative Metabolism of Calcium and Strontium in Lactation

Summary The comparative metabolism of calcium and strontium in the lactating and nonlactating goat was studied, using double tracer methods. At steady state, calcium was preferentially secreted into milk by a factor of about 11 over strontium in its passage from diet to milk. With corollary data from nonlactating animals, it was found that the largest amount of discrimination took place in the gastrointestinal absorption of these alkaline earths, calcium being absorbed from three to four times that of strontium. The over-all discrimination of 0.09 between milk and diet resulted primarily from the following discrimination factors: absorption, 0.24; urinary excretion, 0.60; transfer from plasma to milk, 0.61. Under steady state conditions, the relative Sr*/Ca* ratios were diet = 1, plasma = 0.23, skeleton = 0.23, milk = 0.09, and urine = 4.0. These values indicate that there is no differential movement of calcium and strontium between blood and bone, and that strontium is preferentially excreted in the urinary process.
First-order topography over blind thrusts.

The first-order shape of a mountain range over a blind thrust fault is controlled by the competition between the geometry of the underlying thrust fault and local base levels that flank the emerging range. We use an elastic half-space model to show that the surface displacements caused by slip across a blind thrust are sensitive to the geometry and depth of the fault, as well as to its growth history. Accumulation of this displacement field over time creates a tectonic topography; in the absence of erosion, this is the same as the topography of the resulting range. Erosion modifies this tectonic topography by creating local relief on both flanks of the range and forcing divergence between the tectonic and topographic divides. Importantly, erosion is modulated by the relative base levels on either side of the range. We show that in many cases the position of the topographic divide is predicted by relative base level through a simple geometric ratio, such that the average slope of both range flanks is the same. Importantly, attributes of the topography on one flank of an emerging range depend on what happens to base level on the opposite flank. The role of relative base levels in determining the first-order range shape illustrates the importance of regional-scale events (e.g., sediment supply to piggyback basins or the evolution of a regional fluvial network) in the development of mountainous topography in a complex fold-and-thrust belt system.
On an optimal algorithm for channel assignment in cellular networks

A cellular network is often modelled as a graph and the channel assignment problem is formulated as a coloring problem of the graph. Sen et al. (1998) introduced the notion of cellular graphs that models the hexagonal cell structure of a cellular network. Assuming a k-band buffering system where the interference does not extend beyond k cells away from the call originating cell, we provided two different formulations of the channel assignment problem: distance-k chromatic number problem and k-band chromatic bandwidth problem. The channel assignment algorithms presented in Sen et al. were non-optimal. In this paper we provide: (i) a new algorithm for the distance-k chromatic number problem that is optimal and (ii) a near optimal algorithm for the 2-band chromatic bandwidth problem that has a performance bound of 4/3. The complexity of the algorithms is O(p), where p is the number of cells.
Intervertebral discs from spinal nondeformity and deformity patients have different mechanical and matrix properties.

Abstract Background context It is well-established that disc mechanical properties degrade with degeneration. However, prior studies utilized cadaveric tissues from donors with undefined back pain history. Disc degeneration may present with pain at the affected motion segment, or it may be present in the absence of back pain. The mechanical properties and matrix quantity of discs removed and diagnosed for degeneration with patient chronic pain may be distinct from those with other diagnoses, such as spinal deformity. Purpose To test the hypothesis that discs from nondeformity segments have inferior mechanical properties than deformity discs owing to differences in matrix quality. Study design/setting In vitro study comparing the mechanical and matrix properties of discs from surgery patients with spinal nondeformity and deformity. Methods We analyzed nucleus and annulus samples (8–11 specimens per group) from surgical discectomy patients as part of a fusion or disc replacement procedure. Tissues were divided into two cohorts: nondeformity and deformity. Dynamic indentation tests were used to determine energy dissipation, indentation modulus, and viscoelasticity. Tissue hydration at a physiologic pressure was assessed by equilibrium dialysis. Proteoglycan, collagen, and collagen cross-link content were quantified. Matrix structure was assessed by histology. Results We observed that energy dissipation was significantly higher in the nondeformity nucleus than in the deformity nucleus. Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that annulus swelling was significantly lower in the nondeformity group. Consistent with this, we observed that the nondeformity annulus had lower proteoglycan and higher collagen contents. Conclusions Our data suggest that discs from nondeformity discs have subtle differences in mechanical properties compared with deformity discs. These differences were partially explained by matrix biochemical composition for the annulus, but not for the nucleus. The results of this study suggest that compromised matrix quality and diminished mechanical properties are features that potentially accompany discs of patients undergoing segmental fusion or disc replacement for disc degeneration and chronic back pain. These features have previously been implicated in pain via instability or reduced motion segment stiffness.
Measuring sociosexuality across people and nations: Revisiting the strengths and weaknesses of cross-cultural sex research

My response to the commentaries highlights three main points. First, the Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI) has demonstrated adequate reliability and validity across dozens of studies, and it deserves its reputation as a useful measure of basic human mating strategies. Second, the sampling limitations of the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP) do not negate the conclusion that sex differences in sociosexuality are likely universal across cultures. Third, the ISDP results support several theories of human sexuality, although some are based on faulty assumptions that render them less viable than others.
Association between hepatocyte nuclear factor 6 (HNF-6) and FoxA2 DNA binding domains stimulates FoxA2 transcriptional activity but inhibits HNF-6 DNA binding.

In previous studies we used transgenic mice or recombinant adenovirus infection to increase hepatic expression of forkhead box A2 (FoxA2, previously called hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β [HNF-3β]), which caused diminished hepatocyte glycogen levels and reduced expression of glucose homeostasis genes. Because this diminished expression of FoxA2 target genes was associated with reduced levels of the Cut-Homeodomain HNF-6 transcription factor, we conducted the present study to determine whether there is a functional interaction between HNF-6 and FoxA2. Human hepatoma (HepG2) cotransfection assays demonstrated that HNF-6 synergistically stimulated FoxA2 but not FoxA1 or FoxA3 transcriptional activity, and protein-binding assays showed that this protein interaction required the HNF-6 Cut-Homeodomain and FoxA2 winged-helix DNA binding domains. Furthermore, we show that the HNF-6 Cut-Homeodomain sequences were sufficient to synergistically stimulate FoxA2 transcriptional activation by recruiting the p300/CBP coactivator proteins. This was supported by the fact that FoxA2 transcriptional synergy with HNF-6 was dependent on retention of the HNF-6 Cut domain LXXLL sequence, which mediated recruitment of the p300/CBP proteins. Moreover, cotransfection and DNA binding assays demonstrated that increased FoxA2 levels caused a decrease in HNF-6 transcriptional activation of the glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2) promoter by interfering with the binding of HNF-6 to its target DNA sequence. These data suggest that at a FoxA-specific site, HNF-6 serves as a coactivator protein to enhance FoxA2 transcription, whereas at an HNF-6-specific site, FoxA2 represses HNF-6 transcription by inhibiting HNF-6 DNA binding activity. This is the first reported example of a liver-enriched transcription factor (HNF-6) functioning as a coactivator protein to potentiate the transcriptional activity of another liver factor, FoxA2.
Determination of unstable singularities in parallel robots with N arms

Parallel mechanisms frequently possess an unstable type of singularity that has no counterpart in serial mechanisms. When the mechanism is at or near this type of singularity, it loses the ability to counteract external forces in certain directions. The determination of unstable singular configurations in parallel robots is challenging, and in the past, has been tackled by exhaustive numerical searches of the mechanism workspace using an accurate analytical model of the mechanism kinematics. This paper considers the singularity-determination problem from a geometric perspective for n-legged spatial parallel mechanisms. By using the constraints on the passive joint velocities, a necessary condition for an unstable singularity is derived.
Lateralization of Emotional or Behavioral Responses in Intact and Hemisphere-Damaged Humans and Rats

Current literature on the relationship of brain lateralization to emotion deals with such diverse topics as the recognition of facial expressions, neuropsychological variables in manic-depressive illness, animal evidence of lateralization, and changes in EEG patterns during human orgasm. These diverse phenomena are frequently treated as though they were different manifestations of some unitary phenomenon—“emotion” or “affectivity.” In this chapter we shall propose that these diverse topics can best be integrated by seeing the expression of emotion as a multicomponent process with different experiments testing various parts of this process.
Preferences for the selection of unique tRNA primers revealed from analysis of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Background: All human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) uses a host tRNALys,3 as the primer for reverse transcription. The tRNALys,3 is bound to a region on the HIV-1 genome, the primer-binding site (PBS), that is complementary to the 18 terminal nucleotides of tRNA Lys,3 . How HIV-1 selects the tRNA from the intracellular milieu is unresolved. Results: HIV-1 tRNA primer selection has been investigated using viruses in which the primerbinding site (PBS) and a sequence within U5 were altered so as to be complementary to tRNAMet, tRNA Pro or tRNA Ile . Analysis of the replication of these viruses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) revealed preferences for the selection of certain tRNAs. HIV-1 with the PBS altered to be complementary to tRNAMet, with and without the additional mutation in U5 to be complementary to the anticodon of tRNAMet, stably maintains the PBS complementary to tRNA Met following extended in vitro culture in PBMC. In contrast, viruses with either the PBS or PBS and U5 mutated to be complementary to tRNA Ile were unstable during in vitro replication in PBMC and reverted to utilize tRNALys,3. Viruses with the PBS altered to be complementary to tRNAPro replicated in PBMC but reverted to use tRNALys,3; viruses with mutations in both the U5 and PBS complementary to tRNA Pro maintained this PBS, yet replicated poorly in PBMC. Conclusion: The results of these studies demonstrate that HIV-1 has preferences for selection of certain tRNAs for high-level replication in PBMC.
Effects of early monocular eyelid suture upon development of relay cell classes in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into visual cortex of four normal cats and five cats raised with monocular lid suture, and retro- grade labelling was assessed in cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. In all but one of the sutured cats (noted below) focal injections were carefully limited to area 17 or 18 and analysis of labelling focused on laminae A and Al. The effects of deprivation were indistinguishable whether lamina A or A1 was deprived, and in all cases, the nondeprived laminae had labelling essentially identical to that seen in normal cats. After area 17 injections (bilateral in one normal cat and unilateral in 3 deprived cats), roughly 77% of the cells in nondeprived laminae were labelled and they were mostly small to medium in size. Deprived laminae, when com- pared to nondeprived laminae, had two abnormalities: (1) cells, both labelled and unlabelled, were smaller; and (2) roughly 11% fewer cells (i.e., 66%) were labelled, and this represents a small but statistically significant difference for each cat. After area 18 injections (bilateral in one normal cat plus unilateral in 3 other normal and 3 deprived cats), roughly 15% of the cells in nondeprived laminae were labelled, and they tended to be large in size. Deprived laminae, when compared to nondeprived laminae, had three abnormalities: (1) only 56% of the cells were labelled, and these tended to be quite faintly labelled; (2) the volume occupied by labelled cells was small; and (3) both labelled and unlabelled cells were reduced in size. Finally, large bilateral injections were made throughout occipitotemporal cortex in one lid sutured cat in an effort to label completely the terminal zones of cells in the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN), a division of the lateral geniculate nucleus; this cat also had a prior in- traocular injection of tritiated proline to provide through subsequent auto- radiography a delineation of deprived and nondeprived portions of MIN. Rough- ly 78% of the cells in nondeprived portions of MIN were labelled in this cat. In the deprived portions, only about 51% of the cells were labelled, and these tended to be faintly labelled. Also, labelled cells were smaller, and unlabelled cells were larger in deprived than they were in nondeprived portions. Since prior studies have shown that, within the A laminae, X-cells project ex- clusively to area 17 whereas the Y-cell population projects to areas 17 and 18, these data are taken as further support of the conclusion that geniculate Y- cells are more seriously affected by the early deprivation than are geniculate X- cells. That is, these data are consistent with the suggestion that a similar popu- lation of Y-cells in deprived laminae (roughly 10% of the overall cell total) fail to transport HRP from area 17 or area 18 injections. This can be extended to the MIN, which seems to be comprised nearly exclusively of Y-cells. However, these conclusions must be considered tentative, since interpretation of HRP data can be difficult as evidenced by discrepancies in the literature.
The effect of a conductive half-space on the transient electromagnetic response of a three-dimensional body

The transient electromagnetic (TEM) response of a three‐dimensional (3-D) prism in a conductive half‐space is not always approximated well by three‐dimensional free‐space or two‐dimensional (2-D) conductive host models. The 3-D conductive host model is characterized by a complex interaction between inductive and current channeling effects. We numerically computed 3-D TEM responses using a time‐domain integral‐equation solution. Models consist of a vertical or horizontal prismatic conductor in conductive half‐space, energized by a rapid linear turn‐off of current in a rectangular loop. Current channeling, characterized by currents that flow through the body, is produced by charges which accumulate on the surface of the 3-D body and results in response profiles that can be much different in amplitude and shape than the corresponding response for the same body in free space, even after subtracting the half‐space response. Responses characterized by inductive (vortex) currents circulating within the body are ...
Adaptive structured eigenvector methods

An adaptive eigenstructure method for angle-of-arrival estimation is presented. This method consists of applying subspace iteration to a special structured basis of the signal or noise subspace. At each iteration, the method eliminates the spurious zeros associated with the degeneracy of the noise subspace and provides estimates of the zeros containing the desired angle-of-arrival information. Thus, it is well-suited for tracking nonstationary sources. The method is the adaptive version of the reduced MUSIC block processing method. >
An Acculturation Scale for Mexican-American Children.

Summary A description of an acculturation scale for Mexican-American children is presented. The instrument, to be completed by someone who knows the child well “e.g., teacher, counselor” is a 10-item Likert-type scale which requires the rater to respond on a one-to-five scale. Data are presented that support the reliability and validity of the scale. Factor analysis results are in agreement with the hypothesis that variables such as peer associations, ethnic identification, and language preference, usage, and proficiency are involved in measuring acculturation levels.
Growth of “pure” cervical epithelium in vitro

Abstract A method is described through which “pure” cultures of normal or neoplastic cervical epithelium can be grown in vitro and transferred for one or more generations after monolayer growth is obtained.
Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis in Microorganisms

Some microorganisms produce hydrocarbons that are similar to fuels on which industrial societies currently depend. This has given hope that renewable microbial biofuels may offer a viable alternative to fuels derived from dwindling petroleum reserves. In this chapter, a survey of microbial hydrocarbons that may provide useful future fuel sources is presented. These range from methane to compounds containing more than 100 carbons. In an effort to maximize output and tailor product profiles through bioengineering, some of the cellular biosynthetic pathways that produce hydrocarbons have begun to be studied. In particular, work on long-chain olefin, straight chain alkane, and alpha olefin biosynthesis will be summarized.
Unsuccessful Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty: Identification of Remedial Causes

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a new innovative technique that directly reduces the extent of coronary artery stenosis, enhances myocardial blood flow, and relieves anginal symptoms and myocardial ischemia [1, 2]. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) also relieves angina pectoris by increasing coronary blood flow. Distinct potential advantages of PTCA compared to CABG are the nonoperative nature of the procedure, with attendant reduction in patient morbidity and possibly mortality, and a reduction of cost to the health care system. One relative disadvantage of PTCA, compared to CABG, is that a successful angioplasty cannot be prospectively assured in any given patient. In fact, data from 1000 patients voluntarily entered into the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry indicate that only 62% of attempts are successful. Enhanced success could potentially result if specific reasons for failure were identified and then scrutinized to determine if correctable factors are present. With this objective in mind, we have reviewed the details of 23 consecutive unsuccessful angioplasty attempts taken from a total group of 50 patients who underwent the procedure.
Nonstationary and Seasonal Time Series Models

In this chapter we shall examine the problem of finding an appropriate model for a given set of observations {x 1 ,..., x n } that are not necessarily generated by a stationary time series. If the data (a) exhibit no apparent deviations from stationarity and (b) have a rapidly decreasing autocovariance function, we attempt to fit an ARMA model to the mean-corrected data using the techniques developed in Chapter 5. Otherwise we look first for a transformation of the data that generates a new series with the properties (a) and (b). This can frequently be achieved by differencing, leading us to consider the class of ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) models, defined in Section 6.1. We have in fact already encountered ARIMA processes. The model fitted in Example 5.1.1 to the Dow-Jones Utilities Index was obtained by fitting an AR model to the differenced data, thereby effectively fitting an ARIMA model to the original series. In Section 6.1 we shall give a more systematic account of such models.
Psychotic disorder associated with isoniazid

We evaluated a patient who developed a psychotic disorder after 4 months of isoniazid prophylaxis for a positive tuberculosis tine test. His symptoms resolved within 2 weeks of discontinuing the isoniazid. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of psychotic symptoms with the use of this agent.
Sofosbuvir-based treatment is safe and effective in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and end stage renal disease: a case series.

Background & Aims Interferon and ribavirin-free regimens to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with end stage renal disease are not approved and represent an area of unmet clinical need. We report our experience on the safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir/simeprevir and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir therapy in patients on haemodialysis. Methods Patients with chronic HCV infection on haemodialysis were included in this study. Patients were started on either sofosbuvir/simeprevir or sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Routine clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline and during treatment. The primary outcome was sustained virological response at week 12 (SVR12). Results Eight patients with mean age 56.8 ± 20 years were included in this study. Seven were treatment naive and one was a priori null responder to interferon-based therapy. Four patients were started on sofosbuvir/simeprevir and four on sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for 12 weeks. Therapy was well tolerated overall with nausea/vomiting, pruritus, headache and a 2 g/dl drop in haemoglobin developing in one patient each. No patient discontinued therapy because of side effects. Comparison of labs at baseline and nadir levels during treatment revealed no significant change in haemoglobin (10.8 ± 2.4 g/dl vs 10.3 ± 1.6 g/dl), platelet count (198 ± 164 k/μl vs 184.5 ± 162/μl) and bilirubin (0.3 ± 0.4 mg/dl vs 0.25 ± 0.15 mg/dl). Eight of eight patients had undetectable HCV RNA at the end of treatment. One patient was lost to follow up and the remaining seven achieved SVR12. Conclusion Full dose sofosbuvir/simeprevir or sofosbuvir/ledipasvir therapy for HCV-infected patients with end stage renal disease was well tolerated with no discontinuation owing to side effects and no significant adverse events.
Building Fire Risk Analysis

Building Fire Risk Analysis provides insight into how to enhance the design, construction and management of our built environment. Fire safety, as a concept, branches into all manner of fields. It can affect a building’s design & appearance, its capital and ongoing costs, its day-to-day functionality and above all the community or business it serves – in the event of a fire. Understanding risk is fundamental for consultants, approval organizations, Fire Brigades, insurers and regulators. Fire risk is embedded within codes and guidance – where decisions have been made about what is reasonable and practicable for buildings based on their size and use. This chapter explores what risk is and how it may be understood for future decision making throughout the fire safety industry. Risk herein is defined as the possibility of an unwanted outcome in an uncertain situation. Three key factors are: loss or harm of something; the event(s) that causes loss; and, the likelihood it will occur. The unwanted outcome generally affects life safety, property, business continuity, heritage, the environment, or a combination of these. The reality of our built environment, both now and in the future, is that unwanted outcomes are subject to a variety of active, passive and managerial systems which all contribute to improving safety and reducing risk. Risk assessment allows these systems to be fairly understood and the best decisions made to address the needs required.
Learning Linear Spatial-Numeric Associations Improves Accuracy of Memory for Numbers.

Memory for numbers improves with age and experience. One potential source of improvement is a logarithmic-to-linear shift in children’s representations of magnitude. To test this, Kindergartners and second graders estimated the location of numbers on number lines and recalled numbers presented in vignettes (Study 1). Accuracy at number-line estimation predicted memory accuracy on a numerical recall task after controlling for the effect of age and ability to approximately order magnitudes (mapper status). To test more directly whether linear numeric magnitude representations caused improvements in memory, half of children were given feedback on their number-line estimates (Study 2). As expected, learning linear representations was again linked to memory for numerical information even after controlling for age and mapper status. These results suggest that linear representations of numerical magnitude may be a causal factor in development of numeric recall accuracy.
Analysis of the fire protection design of the ancient buildings Mantangwei

In view of the ancient buildings Mantangwei of the building characteristics and fire hazards,to follow based on the ancient buildings to retain the original style is conducive to early detection and to facilitate the principles of self-help,in accordance with the performance-based fire protection design ideas,propose the establishment of fire hydrant system and the automatic alarm system and a rational distribution fire extinguishers fire protection design of the Mantangwei.
Service Outcomes Following Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse During Forensic Interviews: An Exploratory Study

Few children disclose sexual abuse and participate in a formal investigation. Furthermore not all children that disclose abuse during a forensic interview receive services to address trauma or safety. Despite the importance of such outcomes little is known about which factors may influence when children will receive services. Through content analysis of 139 case records findings indicate that a child's race/ethnicity abuse-related factors and level of family support are all significant in predicting service and placement outcomes in child protection cases. Implications for social work practice include the need for ongoing engagement in culturally sensitive strengths-based practice with families
‘What Was It All About, Alan?’

‘What was it all about?’ is the first and last question every historian asks of his or her subject. That the subject might be A. J. P. Taylor makes no difference. Critics read his work and posed the question, usually in terms of ‘Will it stand?’ or ‘Will he last?’ The answers have varied. The critics have been either enthusiastic or dubious, torn between approving or condemning writing, the content of which, seemed to bounce between being substantial, trivial, correct, error-laden, serious, and frivolous. Taylor knew the criticism as well as the approval that his work generated among colleagues and critics, and he made a point of denying that he cared what they thought. Or, perhaps, the fact that he made a point of denying indicated that he cared very much. With Taylor, one could never be sure, and that was part of the problem in trying to answer the question, ‘Will he last?’
Women at Risk/Women in Action

The United Nations Forward-Looking Strategies (1985) highlight the fact that there are populations of women whose vulnerabilities are compounded by particular characteristics of age, socio-economic condition, political pressures, minority status, geography, circumstances, and combinations of these factors. Many of the issues have been discussed in earlier chapters to greater and lesser degrees, but all deserve special attention because of their seriousness. The problems vary widely from country to country, as do the diverse groups of women involved. While strategies will need to be shaped to fit these multiplicities, all require fundamental changes in the economic situation of women which produces deprivation, and all require upgrading women’s low status which accounts for their extreme vulnerability to poverty. Emergency assistance measures should be taken at the individual and group level. At the same time, broader efforts should be directed towards the reallocation of resources and decision-making power, and towards the elimination of inequality and injustice.
Androids Armed With Poisoned Chocolate Squares: Ideal Nim and Its Relatives

SummaryWe describe two new combinatorial games. The first, Ideal Nim, both generalizes the well-known game Nim and its relative Chomp, and provides a recreational perspective on some important ideas of commutative algebra; for instance, the fact that the game is guaranteed to end is equivalent to Dickson's lemma, a well-known fact of commutative algebra. This relationship leads to a game-based proof of Dickson's lemma. The second game, Grobner Nim, is really a variant of Ideal Nim that illustrates Buchberger's algorithm to compute a Grobner basis. We conclude by describing the relationship between Grobner Nim and polynomial rings.
Promotoras and the Semantic Gap Between Latino Community Health Researchers and Latino Communities.

Promotoras are identified as a unique group of community health workers adept at reducing health disparities. This qualitative study was conducted to better understand perceptions of the term promo...
Phylogeny of Cell-mediated Immunity

This chapter presents phylogeny of cell-mediated immunity. Having cell-mediated immunity negates the simultaneous appearance of immunoglobulins and specificity, and suggests that cell-mediated immunity is older phylogenetically than is the ability to synthesize antibody. It seems appropriate to mention several points emphasizing the need to study immunity in primitive ability of a phagocytic cell. Distinguishing self from non-self is a basic and critical phenomenon necessary for survival. Rothenberg postulates that phagocytosis of self-tissues is regulated by a self-marker based upon protein-carbohydrate complementarity. An effective study of primitive animals can provide excellent models for solving basic problems of immunity peculiar to mammals. Primitive responses emphasize the universality of immunity as a process no less significant to an animal's survival than are any other vital functions.
Mucosal Immunity to Reovirus Infection

The immune systems of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tracts are the first lines of defense against viral pathogens that infect via the host’s mucosal surfaces. Antigen-specific anti-viral mucosal immunity includes both humoral and cellular components which consist of virus-specific IgA (and to a lesser extent IgM and IgG), T helper (Th), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). An understanding of viral pathogenesis and immunity at mucosal surfaces is important when considering approaches to developing protective and efficacious vaccines and delivery systems for gene therapy. However, the tedious nature of isolating immune cells from mucosal tissues and the lack of animal models for many viral diseases presents unique challenges to viral immunologists.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Asian American Families of Children With Developmental Disabilities

Parents of children with developmental disabilities usually experience stress, grief, and isolation. Asian American parents may experience higher stress and other difficulties due to their cultural...
Aggressiveness of Colletotrichum sublineola strains from Sorghum bicolor and S. Halepense to sweet sorghum variety sugar drip, and their impact on yield

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has been grown in the southeastern United States for more than 150 years on a relatively limited scale, primarily for forage and for the production of table syrup. However, interest in the crop has increased recently due to its potential as a feedstock for biofuels. Colletotrichum sublineola is the causal agent of anthracnose on cultivated sorghum and on the wild sorghum relative Johnsongrass (S. halepense). Anthracnose is an important disease of grain sorghum worldwide, but little is known about its impact on sweet sorghum in the U.S. The aggressiveness of four C. sublineola isolates collected from sweet and grain sorghum and from Johnsongrass at various locations across Kentucky was measured as disease incidence and severity on the susceptible heirloom sweet sorghum inbred Sugar Drip in inoculated field trials. The isolate from sweet sorghum was the most aggressive, while the two Johnsongrass isolates caused only minimal disease symptoms. Disease incidences of up to 99%, and severities of up to 16.7% of leaf area affected, had no negative effect on the yield of biomass, grain, juice, or Brix. Removal of sorghum seed heads increased Brix in the stalks and leaves, but did not affect susceptibility to anthracnose. The same group of fungal isolates was evaluated for aggressiveness in greenhouse assays on juvenile plants, and in the laboratory on seedlings and detached leaf sheaths. These protocols will be useful for prescreening sorghum germplasm for new sources of resistance or for characterizing the aggressiveness of new fungal isolates.
Reduction Potentials of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Accessory Iron–Sulfur Clusters Provide Insights into the Energetics of Proton Reduction Catalysis

An [FeFe]-hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum, CpI, is a model system for biological H2 activation. In addition to the catalytic H-cluster, CpI contains four accessory iron–sulfur [FeS] clusters in a branched series that transfer electrons to and from the active site. In this work, potentiometric titrations have been employed in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at defined electrochemical potentials to gain insights into the role of the accessory clusters in catalysis. EPR spectra collected over a range of potentials were deconvoluted into individual components attributable to the accessory [FeS] clusters and the active site H-cluster, and reduction potentials for each cluster were determined. The data suggest a large degree of magnetic coupling between the clusters. The distal [4Fe-4S] cluster is shown to have a lower reduction potential (∼ < –450 mV) than the other clusters, and molecular docking experiments indicate that the physiological electron donor, ferredox...
Design of MAW spiral antennas for direction-of-arrival sensing using the cramér-rao bound

This work describes new design guidelines for modulated arm width (MAW) spiral antennas for optimal dual-polarized direction-of-arrival (DOA) sensing. These guidelines lead to an improved field of view over conventional designs. Using a four-arm MAW spiral with a modulation ratio of 1.6 and an expansion factor of 1.8, a four-degree field of view of ±29° in elevation and 360° in azimuth is obtained over a 3.6:1 bandwidth.
Diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy report of a 21-year retrospective study.

Abstract PURPOSE: To review the experience of diagnostic pars plana vitrectomies (PPV). METHODS: The authors reviewed 405 consecutive diagnostic PPV's performed between November 1973 and October 1994. RESULTS: Diagnostic vitrectomy was performed in 215 (53%) of 405 eyes for suspected endophthalmitis. Of those 215 cases, acute inflammation was confirmed in 62 (28.8%), 60 (27.9%) had microbial organisms present and 36 (16.7%) were culture-positive. Microbial organisms were observed microscopically in 31 (20%) of 156 patients suspected of postoperative endophthalmitis. Of those 31 cases, 23 (74%) were gram-positive, eleven (37%) of 30 eyes had organisms associated with glaucoma filtering procedures and 20 (16%) of 126 eyes had organisms with non-filtering procedures. The pooled percentage of eyes that developed postoperative endophthalmitis as a complication during the period July 1990 thru June 1994 is 5 (0.046%) out of a heterogeneous group of 10,898 cases operated on at the Wilmer Eye Institute for cataract, glaucoma, corneal transplant, pars plana vitrectomy and retinal detachment. Bacteria were identified microscopically in 6 (18%) of 34 post-traumatic cases. Microbial organisms were identified in 23 (92%) of 25 cases with an endogenous infection. Patients with endogenous infections had the most fungal infections, and the majority were in males. Neoplasms were diagnosed in 58 (14%) of the 405 cases. The most common neoplasm was ocular lymphoma 42 (72%), 69% of which were in females. Only 42 (48.3%) of 87 patients clinically suspected of having ocular lymphoma, actually had ocular lymphoma. Those negative for lymphoma were significantly older (67.4 +/- 10 years) compared to those with lymphoma (60.4 +/- 14 years) (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic PPV has proved to be valuable in confirming and establishing various clinical diagnoses.
A variable-volume cavity electromagnetic near-field simulator

A variable-volume cavity system capable of simulating complex electromagnetic fields by the simultaneous excitation of two independent cavity modes has been built and tested. As the physical dimensions of the cavity dictate the operating frequency ofthe device, in order to operate over a band of frequencies, its physical configuration must be mechanically adjustable. A novel mechanical design allows the cavity to be adjustable in size over a wide extreme. The cavity is formed by four movable walls, a stationary back wall, and a sixth wall, called a plunger, which is cut to size and whose location determines the length of the cavity. A structural framework supports the plates. The four movable walls allow the cross section of the cavity to be changed. They are positioned by the utilization of linear bearings, rack and pinion gears, shafting, and a chain-and- sprocket adjusting system. The plunger is attached to an all-thread bolt that is mounted between two pillow blocks. Although there are no inherent size limitations to the mechanical design, a prototype system has been built in which the cavity cross section can be adjusted from maximum dimensions of 609.6 mm x 609.6 mm to minimum dimensions of 152.4 mm x 152.4 mm, while the length is adjustable from 1219 mm to 304.8 mm. This cavity system is of sufficient size to irradiate a variety of biological objects, such as mice, cell samples, bacteria, and other microorganisms, as well as phantom scale models.