cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of commodity and enterprise class flash devices

Five different flash-based storage devices were evaluated, two commodity SATA attached MLC ones and three enterprise PCIe attached SLC ones. Specifically, their peak bandwidth and IOPS capabilities were measured. The results show that the PCI attached devices have a significant performance advantage over the SATA ones, by a factor of between four and six in read and write bandwidth respectively, and by a factor of eight for random-read and a factor of 80 for random-write IOPS. The performance degradation that occurred when the drives were already partially filled with data was recorded. These measurements show that significant bandwidth degradation occurred for all the devices, whereas only one of the PCIe and one of the SATA drives showed any IOPS performance degradation. Across these tests no single device consistently out performs the others, therefore these results indicate that there is no one size fits all flash solution currently on the market and that devices should be evaluated carefully with I/O usage patterns as close as possible to the ones they are expected to encounter in a production environment.
Phonetic coding in dyslexics and normal readers, by Hall, Ewing, Tinzmann, and Wilson: A reply

Hall, Ewing, Tinzmann, and Wilson (1981) presented findings that are claimed to disconfirm the hypothesis that young children who are poor readers make less effective use of phonetic coding in short-term memory than do those who are good readers. The counterevidence they present does not stand up to scrutiny.
Early Blancan Mammals of the Beck Ranch Local Fauna of Texas

The Beck Ranch local fauna was recovered from 65 tons of sand and clay sediments from a quagmire in Scurry County, Texas. Of the 58 taxa identified, members of the genera Perognathus, Peromyscus, Nasua and Spilogale (?) are described as new species; Lasionycteris and Nasua are recorded from the Blancan age of North America for the first time; and the characters of Brachyopsigale dubius Hibbard are reassessed. The Beck Ranch local fauna is rich in small forms but larger mammals, other than Nannippus beckensis , are rare. The local fauna is thought to be younger than the Fox Canyon local fauna of Kansas, but slightly older than the Rexroad local fauna of Kansas, the Benson local fauna of Arizona, and the Blanco local fauna of Texas.
Humidifier Lung: An Outbreak in Office Workers

Symptoms consistent with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) occurred in 26 of 50 employees working in a localized area of a large factory. This area was served by a single heating-cooling unit utilizing a water humidification system. The illness consisted of flu-like symptoms with fever, chills, headache, cough, dyspnea. Most of the subjects affected demonstrated precipitating antibodies to a variety of organisms associated with HP, and inhalation challenge with water from the humidification system resulted in the reproduction of symptoms in one employee with a history suggestive of HP. Removal of the humidification system has resulted in a "cure" in that symptoms have not recurred during a one year followup period since the removal.
Evolving Concepts in the Cellular Control of Gastrointestinal Motility: Neurogastroenterology and Enteric Sciences

The enteric nervous system is an independent nervous system with a complexity comparable with the central nervous system. This complex system is integrated into several other complex systems, such as interstitial cells of Cajal networks and immune cells. The result of these interactions is effective coordination of motility, secretion, and blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of subsets of enteric nerves, of interstitial cells of Cajal, malfunction of smooth muscle, and alteration in immune cells have been identified as the basis of many motility disorders. The initial factors triggering these changes and how to intervene to prevent, halt, and reverse them needs to be understood.
A hyperoctahedral analogue of the free lie algebra

Abstract Using the combinatorial techniques developed by Barcelo and Bergeron, we construct a Bn-module, called L (n), related to the Orlik-Solomon algebra of the hyperoctahedral hyperplane complements lattice (os(Bn)) [10, 13]. The Bn-modules L (n) and os(Bn) are analogous to the modules for the symmetric group which occur in the context of the free Lie algebra and the partition lattice. In particular we show that the module L (n) is the transpose of the module os(Bn) tensored by a sign representation. As a by-product we show that the action of Bn on a natural basis of L (n) is block triangular. The blocks are indexed by the conjugacy classes of Bn and have dimension equal to the number of elements in such a class. We also compute the characters of this action restricted to each block.
SPECTROMETRY FOR SPIN AND SHAPE ISOMER IDENTIFICATION

Abstract Experimental approaches to the identification of candidate nuclear systems suitable for the two-step gamma-ray laser are presented. Precision gamma-ray energy determinations and the deduction of level parity based on gamma-ray angular distribution and linear polarization measurements are emphasized. An extended discussion of fission isomers is presented. Only one fission isomer 238 U f , is known to exhibit both gamma-ray and fission decay. Experiments to extend the systematics of fission isomers to lighter actinide nuclei are discussed.
Some Notes on Transformer Design

A method for determining the most economical proportions for transformers is suggested. The method takes into account the densities of flux and of current in addition to the dimensions taken into account in previous discussions of this problem. Various shapes of transformers are considered.
The role of quetiapine extended release in the treatment of bipolar depression

Bipolar disorder is a common, recurrent, and chronic condition associated with significant morbidity and reduced longevity mainly due to the depressive pole of the illness. Despite the great need for effective therapies, relatively few randomized controlled trials have been conducted and, to date, only two agents have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for treatment of bipolar depression (olanzapine/fluoxetine combination and quetiapine). Quetiapine is the first approved monotherapy for treatment of bipolar depression, and an extended-release (XR) form of quetiapine is now available. This once-daily, bioequivalent formulation represents a useful alternative for patients who cannot tolerate twice-daily, immediate-release (IR) quetiapine. Here, we summarize the evidence supporting the efficacy of quetiapine for treatment of bipolar depression, and also review the similarities and differences between the two formulations. Additional research on longer-term use of quetiapine XR is needed to establish the durability of therapeutic effects and tolerability over months or years of therapy, both alone and in combination with other mood stabilizers. Studies on the potential utility of lower doses of quetiapine XR and head-to-head studies to evaluate relative efficacy and cost-effectiveness also are needed.
Application of imaging tools to plant cell culture: Relationship between plant cell aggregation and flavonoid production

Image analysis tools were developed to measure biomass concentration, aggregate size and distribution, and pigmentation from anthocyanin-producing cell suspension cultures of ohelo (Vaccinium pahalae). The ex situ imaging system could image cell aggregates from 30 µm to 2 mm in diameter. The image analysis algorithm was based on extracted geometric features and morphological methods for biomass volume estimates, and hue, saturation, and intensity color characteristics for pigmentation estimates. Detailed information available from sampled cell culture images was validated by comparison to standard destructive manual measurements. Image analysis measurements revealed that pigment accumulation was negatively correlated with aggregate size. Although a substantial proportion of small aggregates remained colorless, the highly-pigmented small aggregates, 18 to 238 µm in breadth, contributed over 70% of the culture anthocyanin production (mg L−1), despite their minor contribution to the overall biomass. The relative frequency of pigmented aggregates was higher in large-size aggregate classes; however, the pigmented sectors were mostly confined to only the periphery of the aggregates. As a result, large aggregate classes had only a minor contribution to overall culture anthocyanin yield.
Soil Solarization and Biological Control for Managing Mesocriconema xenoplax and Short Life in a Newly Established Peach Orchard

Abstract The effects of soil solarization, with and without a Pseudomonas spp. cocktail or wheat rotation as alternatives to chemical control of Mesocriconema xenoplax, were investigated from 2004 to 2011. Preplant solarization and soil fumigation (67% methyl bromide + 33% chloropicrin mixture; henceforth, referred to as MBr) was initiated in 2004 in an orchard infested with M. xenoplax and a history of peach tree short life (PTSL). Plots consisted of nine treatments: (i) nonsolarized soil-alone, (ii) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail (nonsolar-bacteria), (iii) nonsolarized soil with wheat (nonsolar-wheat), (iv) nonsolarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (nonsolar-bacteria-wheat), (v) solarized soil-alone, (vi) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail solar-bacteria), (vii) solarized soil with wheat (solar-wheat), (viii) solarized soil with bacteria cocktail and wheat (solar-bacteria-wheat), and (ix) preplant MBr fumigation. Peach trees were planted into all plots in 2005. Nematode populations...
Prefusion structure of trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein determined by cryo-electron microscopy

The activation of trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) by its binding to the cell-surface receptor CD4 and co-receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4) represents the first of a series of events that lead to fusion between viral and target-cell membranes. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure, at subnanometer resolution (~6 A at 0.143 FSC), of the 'closed', prefusion state of trimeric HIV-1 Env complexed to the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC03. We show that three gp41 helices at the core of the trimer serve as an anchor around which the rest of Env is reorganized upon activation to the 'open' quaternary conformation. The architecture of trimeric HIV-1 Env in the prefusion state and in the activated intermediate state resembles the corresponding states of influenza hemagglutinin trimers, thus providing direct evidence for the similarity in entry mechanisms used by HIV-1, influenza and related enveloped viruses.
Dressings and Products in Pediatric Wound Care

Significance: The increasing complexity of medical and surgical care provided to pediatric patients has resulted in a population at significant risk for complications such as pressure ulcers, nonhealing surgical wounds, and moisture-associated skin damage. Wound care practices for neonatal and pediatric patients, including the choice of specific dressings or other wound care products, are currently based on a combination of provider experience and preference and a small number of published clinical guidelines based on expert opinion; rigorous evidence-based clinical guidelines for wound management in these populations is lacking. Recent Advances: Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of wound healing have contributed to an ever-increasing number of specialized wound care products, most of which are predominantly marketed to adult patients and that have not been evaluated for safety and efficacy in the neonatal and pediatric populations. This review aims to discuss the available data on the ...
Caspase 7 is a positional candidate gene for IDDM 17 in a Bedouin Arab family.

: The IDDM 17 locus was mapped to an 8-cM interval at chromosome 10q25.1 based on linkage in a large Bedouin Arab family with 19 affected relatives. Caspase 7 (CASP7), an apoptosis-related cysteine protease, is one of the few known genes in this region. CASP7 is involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Only 1 of the 18 SNPs in CASP7 (SNP144692) differed significantly in frequency in the haplotypes found in affected individuals compared to control Bedouin haplotypes. This same SNP showed evidence of association with diabetes in a subset of patients (DR3/DR4*0302) from HBDI families.
Environmental resistance of intermetallic compounds and composite materials

Abstract Intermetallic compounds and composites based on them are candidate materials for high temperature structural applications. However, both elevated temperature and ambient temperature resistance to the environment pose potential problems. For example, minor alloying elements have been shown to have a significant influence on the static and cyclic oxidation resistance. In addition, at ambient temperatures, virtually all of the alloys that have been examined show considerable susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. A brief overview of these phenomena is presented.
Reactivity of glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles in renal hypertension

Renal tissue from neonatal hamsters was grafted into the cheek pouch of adult hamsters. Renal hypertension was induced in 28 hamsters, and sham operation was performed in 27. When blood pressure became elevated in hypertensive hamsters (10 to 12 days), the renal microcirculation of both groups was evaluated by direct microscopy. Wall and luminal diameter and vascular responses to norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (AII) were determined on glomerular afferent and efferent arterioles and on the corresponding cheek pouch arterioles. In the hypertensive hamsters, the luminal diameter of the afferent arteriole increased, as did the wall/lumen ratio of the efferent arteriole. Although all vessels responded to direct application of NE and AII in both groups, the response of the afferent to AII and the response of the efferent to both NE and AII was greater in the hypertensive hamsters as compared to the sham-operated hamsters. These results indicate that during the development of renal hypertension structural alterations of glomerular vessels and the selective vascular responses to vasoactive agents would lead to an increased glomerular capillary pressure.
Localization from mere connectivity

It is often useful to know the geographic positions of nodes in a communications network, but adding GPS receivers or other sophisticated sensors to every node can be expensive. We present an algorithm that uses connectivity information who is within communications range of whom to derive the locations of the nodes in the network. The method can take advantage of additional information, such as estimated distances between neighbors or known positions for certain anchor nodes, if it is available. The algorithm is based on multidimensional scaling, a data analysis technique that takes O(n3) time for a network of n nodes. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that the algorithm is more robust to measurement error than previous proposals, especially when nodes are positioned relatively uniformly throughout the plane. Furthermore, it can achieve comparable results using many fewer anchor nodes than previous methods, and even yields relative coordinates when no anchor nodes are available.
A Behavioral System for Supervising Undergraduate Research.

Five of eight students in a systematic behavioral control course showed 20% better performance during the intervention phase.
Effect of Various Bacteria on Diacetyl Content and Flavor of Butter

Summary A modification of the Pien, Baisse, Martin method for diacetyl determination proved accurate, highly sensitive and rapid. A large number of bacterial cultures, including widely differing genera, proved capable of destroying diacetyl added to sterile skim milk. Several Pseudomonas species isolated from butter and creamery water supplies actively destroyed diacetyl in experimental butters. Commercial butters known to consistently carry large numbers of bacteria of this type showed a pronounced loss of diacetyl during keeping-quality tests. Preliminary trials on experimental butters indicated that Ps. putrefaciens reduced diacetyl to acetylmethylcarbinol and 2,3-butylene glycol. Results indicated that the factor responsible for inhibition of Pseudomonas species by butter starters in butter is Str. lactis or related bacteria. The specific factor is presumably acid produced by the inhibiting bacteria.
Severe Acinetobacter baumannii Sepsis Is Associated with Elevation of Pentraxin 3

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens associated with trauma-related wound and bloodstream infections. Although septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation have been reported following fulminant A. baumannii sepsis, little is known about the protective host immune response to this pathogen. In this study, we examined the role of PTX3, a soluble pattern recognition receptor with reported antimicrobial properties and stored within neutrophil granules. PTX3 production by murine J774a.1 macrophages was assessed following challenge with A. baumannii strains ATCC 19606 and clinical isolates (CI) 77, 78, 79, 80, and 86. Interestingly, only CI strains 79, 80, and 86 induced PTX3 synthesis in murine J774a.1 macrophages, with greatest production observed following CI 79 and 86 challenge. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were challenged intraperitoneally with CI 77 and 79 to assess the role of PTX3 in vivo. A. baumannii strain CI 79 exhibited significantly (P < 0.0005) increased mortality, with an approximate 50% lethal dose (LD50) of 105 CFU, while an equivalent dose of CI 77 exhibited no mortality. Plasma leukocyte chemokines (KC, MCP-1, and RANTES) and myeloperoxidase activity were also significantly elevated following challenge with CI 79, indicating neutrophil recruitment/activation associated with significant elevation in serum PTX3 levels. Furthermore, 10-fold-greater PTX3 levels were observed in mouse serum 12 h postchallenge, comparing CI 79 to CI 77 (1,561 ng/ml versus 145 ng/ml), with concomitant severe pathology (liver and spleen) and coagulopathy. Together, these results suggest that elevation of PTX3 is associated with fulminant disease during A. baumannii sepsis.
Technology transfer: The approach of a Dutch multinational

Abstract The process of technology transfer has been a major underlying cause of many crucial geopolitical issues. This paper treats the topic of technology transfer from multinational firms to developing countries as a managerial challenge and narrates how the pioneering initiative taken in 1961 by N.V. Philips has met that challenge. The main instrumentality employed by Philips is its Pilot Plant at Utrecht which, by all indications, has served both the multinational and the host nations in the developing world in a positive way for more than two decades.
Analysis of local conformation of membrane-bound and polycrystalline peptides by two-dimensional slow-spinning rotor-synchronized MAS exchange spectroscopy.

2D slow-spinning, rotor-synchronized MAS exchange spectroscopy (SSRS-MASE) was applied to study local secondary structure of three structurally different peptides, two of which were membrane-bound. Each peptide was 13C carbonyl labeled at two adjacent residues in the peptide backbone. In general, this methodology is attractive for membrane-bound peptides because of its lenient spinning, decoupling, and RF homogeneity requirements.
Principles of Impedance Matching in Photoconductive Antennas

The principles of impedance matching in photoconductive antennas in comparison with conventional antennas are described. Because of the optical nature of the input signal in photoconductive antennas and the dependence of photoconductor conductance on the optical pump power, the optimum photoconductor impedance is not necessarily determined by the complex conjugate of antenna impedance. Using the equivalent circuit model of photoconductive antennas, the photoconductor impedance optimization criteria are evaluated according to the photoconductive antenna structure and operational settings.
Rate parameters for adsorption of CO2 in beds of carbon particles

The use of activated carbon for separating CO/sub 2/ from other gases such as hydrogen sulfide is a potentially promising procedure. For evaluating a process of this type, analysts determined the adsorption equilibrium constant and intraparticle diffusivities for carbon dioxide using a typical activated carbon with a broad pore-size distribution. The data consisted of response measurements to pulses of carbon dioxide introduced into an isothermal bed of carbon particles. Measurements were made in the linear range of the adsorption isotherm so that the moments of the response peaks could be used to interpret the data. A major conclusion from analysis of the data was that mass transfer in the small micropores of the carbon particles could not be explained by a pore-volume mechanism.
A logic of implicit and explicit belief

As part of an on-going project to understand the foundations of Knowledge Representation, we are attempting to characterize a kind of belief that forms a more appropriate basis for Knowledge Representation systems than that captured by the usual possible-world formalizations begun by Hintikka. In this paper, we point out deficiencies in current semantic treatments of knowledge and belief (including recent syntactic approaches) and suggest a new analysis in the form of a logic that avoids these shortcomings and is also more viable computationally.
Adaptive parameter estimation for a class of delay equations with persistence of excitation

We consider the adaptive (on line) estimation of parameters for a class of delay or hereditary systems. A combined state and parameter estimator is constructed as an initial value problem in an appropriate Hilbert space. State convergence is established via a Lyapunov-like estimate. The finite dimensional notion of persistence of excitation is extended to systems with delays and is used to establish parameter convergence. Results of numerical studies involving a one dimensional, single delay equation are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. >
Self-renewal and cell lineage differentiation strategies in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells.

Introduction: Since the initial discoveries of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, many strategies have been developed to utilize the potential of these cells for translational research and disease modeling. The success of these aims and the development of future applications in this area will depend on the ability to generate high-quality and large numbers of differentiated cell types that genetically, epigenetically, and functionally mimic the cells found in the body.Areas covered: In this review, we highlight the current strategies used to maintain stem cell pluripotency (a measure of stem cell quality), as well as provide an overview of the various differentiation strategies being used to generate cells from all three germ lineages. We also discuss the particular considerations that must be addressed when utilizing these cells for translational therapy, and provide an example of a cell type currently used in clinical trials.Expert opinion: The major challenge in regenerative medicine a...
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase

Currently, a central question in biology is how signals from the cell surface modulate intracellular processes. In recent years phosphoinositides have been shown to play a key role in signal transduction. Two phosphoinositide pathways have been characterized, to date. In the canonical phosphoinositide turnover pathway, activation of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C results in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and the generation of two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. The 3-phosphoinositide pathway involves protein-tyrosine kinase-mediated recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, resulting in the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. The 3-phosphoinositides are not substrates of any known phospholipase C, are not components of the canonical phosphoinositide turnover pathway, and may themselves act as intracellular mediators. The 3-phosphoinositide pathway has been implicated in growth factor-dependent mitogenesis, membrane ruffling and glucose uptake. Furthermore the homology of the yeast vps34 with the mammalian phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase has suggested a role for this pathway in vesicular trafficking. In this review the different mechanisms employed by protein-tyrosine kinases to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and its involvement in the signaling cascade initiated by tyrosine phosphorylation, are examined.
Plasma Charging Damage On Ultra-thin Gate Oxides

Capacitor and threshold voltage and sub- threshold swing of MOSFET's with gate oxide thickness varying from 2.2 to 7.7 nm are analyzed to study the plasma charging damage by the metal etching process. Surprisingly, the ultrathin gate oxide has better immunity to plasma charging damage than the thicker oxide, thanks to the excellent tolerance of the thin gate oxide to tunneling current. This finding has very positive implications for the prospect of manufacturable scaling of gate oxide to very thin thickness.
Mesopelagic fishes and thermal fronts in the western Sargasso Sea

Analysis of 25 midwater trawl collections, disposed along the meridian 70°20′W from off Hispaniola to the Gulf Stream, showed a change in the mesopelagic fish fauna at about 27°N. The point of faunal change corresponded to a change in the temperature structure of the upper part of the water column, i.e., at a (the?) so-called “thermal front”, perhaps identical to the so-called “North Atlantic subtropical convergence”. Of 44 species occurring in four or more collections, 13 species were collected only to the north of the front and 1 species only to the south. By most criteria, north-of-the-front collections were larger than southern ones. This is in accord with the north-south difference in primary production noted by other workers which, in turn, seems atributable to the north-south difference in temperature structure. To the north the upper part of the water column is well stratified in summer only, while to the south it is well stratified at all seasons. Taken altogether, what is now known suggests that the thermal front logically divides the upper Sargasso Sea into northern and southern portions that differ in many ways.
Distributed Structures, Sequential Optimization, and Quantization for Detection

In the design of distributed quantization systems, one inevitably confronts two types of constraints - those imposed by a distributed system's structure and those imposed by how the distributed system is optimized. Structural constraints are inherent properties of any distributed quantization system and are normally summarized by functional relationships defining the inputs and outputs of their component quantizers. The use of suboptimal optimization methods are often necessitated by the computational complexity encountered in distributed problems. This correspondence briefly explores the impact and interplay of these two types of constraints in the context of distributed quantization for detection. We introduce two structures that exploit interquantizer communications and that represent extremes in terms of their structural constraints. We then develop a sequential optimization scheme that maximizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence, takes advantage of statistical dependencies in the distributed system's output variables, and leads to simple parameterizations of the component quantization rules. We present an illustrative example from which we draw insights into how these constraints influence the quantization boundaries and affect performance relative to lower and upper bounds.
Robust discrete matrix completion

Most existing matrix completion methods seek the matrix global structure in the real number domain and produce predictions that are inappropriate for applications retaining discrete structure, where an additional step is required to post-process prediction results with either heuristic threshold parameters or complicated mappings. Such an ad-hoc process is inefficient and impractical. In this paper, we propose a novel robust discrete matrix completion algorithm that produces the prediction from the collection of user specified discrete values by introducing a new discrete constraint to the matrix completion model. Our method achieves a high prediction accuracy, very close to the most optimal value of competitive methods with threshold values tuning. We solve the difficult integer programming problem via incorporating augmented Lagrangian method in an elegant way, which greatly accelerates the converge process of our method and provides the asymptotic convergence in theory. The proposed discrete matrix completion model is applied to solve three real-world applications, and all empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Idealized Mathematical Model for Pharmaceutical Powder “Micronization” Using Compressed Gas Antisolvent (Re-)Precipitation (GASP): Predicted Performance for the Model Ternary System: Phenanthrene/Toluene/CO2

We consider pharma-motivated processes in which compressed gas (here, CO2) is employed as an “anti-solvent” (AS), causing drug particle (re)precipitation from an injected presaturated organic solvent microdroplet assumed to be molecularly well-mixed at each instant. It is shown that conditions leading to appreciable homogeneous particle nucleation in this “expanded supersaturated liquid” environment can be sufficiently short-lived that they preclude appreciable particle growth because of encounters with solute molecules or other precipitate particles. This leads to relatively narrow predicted precipitated particle size distributions (PSDs), with a characteristic particle size determined by the typical critical nucleation size. Our mathematical techniques, which exploit the method of characteristics (MOC), make no presumption about PSD-shape and our numerical simulations employ realistic thermophysical properties for the previously studied model system: phenanthrene (surrogate “active pharmaceutical ingred...
Simulation of Attached and Separated Flows using Realizable Linear and Non-Linear Hybrid RANS-LES Models

Hybrid modeling approach, employing a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model in the near-wall region and large eddy simulation(LES) away from the wall is gaining popularity for the simulation of engineering flows as it reduces the computational expense of LES. However, there are a number of issues with the existing hybrid models which are yet to be resolved fully. To propose a possible solution, a unified RANS-LES model derived using stochastic analysis is investigated for the simulation of separated flows for the first time. Flow past a NACA 0012 airfoil over a wide range of angles of attack is chosen as the test case for the study. To provide a comparison with existing models, simulations were also performed using detached eddy simulation (DES). The results show that the unified and DES are able to predict pre-stall lift and drag accurately when the simulations were performed in three-dimensions. Post-stall lift and drag predictions from both the models were unsatisfactory. Further suggestions for improving the performance of the unified model are presented.
Penetration and Persistence of Systemic Insecticides in Seeds and Seedlings of Southern Pines

Effects of 5 organophosphate systemic insecticides on the germination of 5 species of southern pine seeds were investigated. Germination of seeds treated with Orthene®, (O,S-dimethyl N-acetyl phosphoramidothioate) dicrotophos, and dimethoate was relatively high in comparison with reduced germinations after treatment with Monitor® (O,S-dimethyl phosphoramidothioate) and phorate. Orthene produced the best results, with excellent penetration into seeds and high mortality of bioassay insects at low dosage rates and short treatment periods. Orthene was present in 4-week-old seedlings in quantities high enough to kill more than 60% of the pales weevil, Hylobius pales (Herbst), used as bioassay insects.
Erythrocyte association and interferon production by minute virus of mice.

SummaryMinute virus of mice was found to be closely associated with the erythrocyte fraction of the blood of infected mice, with peak viremia occurring on day 5 or 6 after intraperitoneal inoculation. The association with erythrocytes suggests a common mechanism of transplacental transport for the teratogenic Parvoviruses. In addition, MVM was found to be a relatively poor inducer of interferon and to be very sensitive to the inhibiting action of interferon.
Evaluation of the Retinoids with Cisplatin and Vincristine in Xenograft Models of Neuroblastoma

Retinoids have been studied for the treatment of children with neuroblastoma for >25 years. Posttransplant administration of isotretinoin is standard of care for children with high-risk neuroblastoma, whereas fenretinide remains investigational. Previous preclinical studies have evaluated the interaction of retinoids and cytotoxic agents with conflicting results. We evaluated the schedule-dependent interaction of the cytotoxic agents, vincristine and cisplatin, with the retinoids, isotretinoin and fenretinide, in xenograft models of neuroblastoma. Concomitant administration of isotretinoin or fenretinide with the cytotoxic agents did not result in any clear potentiation of cytotoxicity.
Biomimetic substrate control of cellular mechanotransduction

Extracellular mechanophysical signals from both static substrate cue and dynamic mechanical loading have strong potential to regulate cell functions. Most of the studies have adopted either static or dynamic cue and shown that each cue can regulate cell adhesion, spreading, migration, proliferation, lineage commitment, and differentiation. However, there is limited information on the integrative control of cell functions by the static and dynamic mechanophysical signals. For example, a majority of dynamic loading studies have tested mechanical stimulation of cells utilizing cultures on flat surfaces without any surface modification. While these approaches have provided significant information on cell mechanotransduction, obtained outcomes may not correctly recapitulate complex cellular mechanosensing milieus in vivo. Several pioneering studies documented cellular response to mechanical stimulations upon cultures with biomimetic substrate modifications. In this min-review, we will highlight key findings on the integrative role of substrate cue (topographic, geometric, etc.) and mechanical stimulation (stretch, fluid shear) in modulating cell function and fate. The integrative approaches, though not fully established yet, will help properly understand cell mechanotransduction under biomimetic mechanophysical environments. This may further lead to advanced functional tissue engineering and regenerative medicine protocols.
Identification of Pseudomonas pseudomallei

Eighty-seven strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei were studied by morphologic, biochemical, and serologic means. It was found that no one test or short series of tests, including biochemical reactions, microscopic features, colonial morphology, and antibiotic resistance, was sufficient to make the identification with certainty. The excellent specificity of the agglutination and fluorescent antibody reactions combined with the above listed tests best assures correct identification of P. pseudomallei . Observation of a chromatographic separation in litmus milk caused by the melioidosis organism is reported. Colonial dissociation in P. pseudomallei is reviewed and additional observations reported for this large series of cultures.
Design and dynamic capability analysis of a mr servo valve

Using the controllable characteristic of magnetorheological fluid, a new kind of servo valve- MR servo valve was designed. its structure characteristics and work principle were introduced. the mathematic model of the system composed by MR servo valve was modeled and theory analysis was also carried out. The analysis shows that the system controlled by MR servo valve is prone to achieve nicer dynamic characteristics such as quicker response, better stabilization, higher precision etc. then the traditional hydraulic control system. It can satisfy the requests of low power and low pressure situation.
Symbolic Emancipation in the Organization: A Case of Shifting Power

(1990). Symbolic Emancipation in the Organization: A Case of Shifting Power. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 13, Communication Yearbook 13, pp. 203-214.
High-power single-frequency operation of dyes from 376 to 524 nm pumped by a highpower UV argon-ion laser

Single-frequency operation of the dye1,2 polyphenyl 1 (PP1 ) in a ring laser is reported for the first time (Fig. 1), we believe, giving outputs tunable over the range from 376 to 409 nm with a peak output power of 170 mW at 395 nm. Recent improvements in argon-ion laser technology allowed for sustained operation of a large frame tube at increased discharge currents of up to 65 A (above the conventional 55-A limit), which considerably enhances the UV outputs from this laser.
Assessment of personnel accessibility in the X-1 facility

Hands-on maintenance activities outside the X-1 aluminum chamber may be allowed within a few hours following radiation (photoneutron) shots. Dose rates outside the chamber following moderate yield (200 MJ) shots are four orders of magnitude higher than those following radiation shots. In the mean time, dose rates following high yield (1000 MJ) shots are a factor of five higher than those following moderate yield shots. Hands-on maintenance is allowed outside the chamber and inside the water tank within 10 and 14 days following moderate and high yield shots, respectively. Access to the area outside the water filled tank is allowed after only a few hours following moderate and high yield shots.
On-road measurements of vehicle NO 2 /NO x emission ratios in Denver, Colorado, USA

Abstract Nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ) emitted by on-road combustion engines are important contributors to tropospheric ozone production. The NO x fraction emitted as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) is usually presumed to be small but can affect ozone production and distribution, and this fraction is generally not reported in emissions inventories. We have developed an accurate method for determination of this primary NO 2 emission and demonstrated it during measurement of on-road vehicle emission plumes from a mobile laboratory during July and August 2014 in the region between Denver and Greeley in Colorado. During a total of approximately 90 h of sampling from an instrumented mobile laboratory, we identified 1867 vehicle emission plumes, which were extracted using an algorithm that looks for rapid and large increases in measured NO x . We find a distribution of NO 2 /NO x emissions similar to a log-normal profile, with an average emission ratio of 0.053 ± 0.002 per sampled NO x plume. The average is not weighted by the total NO x emissions from sampled vehicles, which is not measured here, and so may not represent the NO 2 /NO x ratio of the total NO x emission if this ratio is a function of NO x itself. Although our current data set does not distinguish between different engine types (e.g., gasoline, light duty diesel and heavy duty diesel), the ratio is on the low end of recent reports of vehicle fleet NO 2 to NO x emission ratios in Europe.
Electrostatically Enhanced Phosphoric Acids: A Tool in Brønsted Acid Catalysis.

A novel type of phosphoric acid catalyst with enhanced reactivity is reported. These compounds possess one or two positively charged centers which electrostatically activate them. This is illustrated in several bond-forming transformations including Friedel–Crafts and Diels–Alder reactions as well as a ring-opening polymerization. Rate accelerations corresponding to orders of magnitude are observed.
Side Channel Communication over Wireless Traffic: A CTC Design: Poster Abstract

Recent studies on CTC (cross-technology communication) have demonstrated the possibility of building direct communication between heterogeneous wireless communication technologies, such as WiFi and ZigBee. However, current solutions suffer from significant spectrum usage or limited throughput. To address the issues, this paper presents Transparent Cross-technology Communication (TCTC), a novel CTC technique that establishes a side channel by exploiting today's abundant wireless traffic. The key idea of TCTC is to embed messages in the timings of on-going legacy traffic (e.g., HTTP packets in WiFi), with small and bounded impact on upper-layer applications. Feasibility and effectiveness of our design has been validated via test-bed implementations and experiments on bidirectional communication between WiFi and ZigBee platforms.
Improvements in Neck and Arm Pain Following an Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify improvements in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Short Form-12 (SF-12) Mental (MCS) and Physical (PCS) Composite scores following an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA ACDF is evaluated with patient-reported outcomes. However, the extent to which these outcomes improve following ACDF remains poorly defined. METHODS A surgical registry of patients who underwent primary, one- or two-level ACDF during 2013 to 2015 was reviewed. Comparisons of VAS neck and arm, NDI, and SF-12 MCS and PCS scores were performed using paired t tests from preoperative to each postoperative time point. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to estimate the reduction in neck and arm pain over the first postoperative year. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with predominant neck (pNP) or arm (pAP) pain, as well as for one- versus two-level ACDF. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were identified. VAS neck and arm, NDI, and SF-12 PCS improved from preoperative scores at all postoperative time points (P < 0.05 for each). Across the first postoperative year, patients reported a 2.7-point (44.2%) reduction in neck and a 3.1-point (54.0%) reduction in arm pain (P < 0.05 for each). Sixty-one patients with pNP and 28 patients with pAP reported reductions in neck and arm pain over the first 6 months and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively (P < 0.05 for each). Patients who underwent one-level ACDFs experienced a 47.2% reduction in neck pain and 55.1% reduction in arm pain over the first postoperative year (P < 0.05 for each), while those undergoing two-level ACDF experienced 39.7% and 49.2% for neck and arm, respectively (P < 0.05 for each). CONCLUSION This study suggests that patients experience significant improvements in neck and arm pain following ACDF regardless of presenting symptom. In addition, patients undergoing one-level ACDF report greater reductions in neck and arm pain than patients undergoing two-level fusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Incidence of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism (VTE): A Population-Based Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Active cancer without or with chemotherapy is associated with a 4- to 6.5-fold increased risk for VTE 1 . However, cancer-associated VTE incidence may be under- or overestimated by reports that linked cancer registry data to an anticoagulation clinic database or to hospital discharge diagnosis codes 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . Objective: To estimate the incidence of VTE in active cancer in a well-defined geographic population that includes the full spectrum of VTE events (including rapidly fatal events) occurring in the community. Methods: Using the longitudinal resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project and Mayo Clinic Tumor Registry, we identified all Olmsted County, MN residents with incident VTE by review of their complete medical records in the community 6 , and all residents with active cancer (by cancer site), over the 28-year period, 1973–2000. Using residents with active cancer within the three months prior or subsequent to incident VTE as the numerator, and all residents with active cancer as the denominator, we estimated the incidence of VTE in active cancer, both overall and for the subsets of pancreatic cancer, brain cancer and lymphoma. Results: Over 78,236 active-cancer person-years, 595 Olmsted County residents developed incident VTE. The overall active cancer-associated VTE incidence was 760 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 701, 824), about 6.5-fold higher than the general population 7 . Over 473, 983 and 4,258 pancreatic cancer, brain cancer and lymphoma person-years, respectively, 51, 18 and 46 residents developed incident VTE. The pancreatic cancer-, brain cancer- and lymphoma-associated VTE incidence rates were 10,784 (95% CI: 8029, 14,179), 1,831 (95% CI: 1085, 2,893) and 1,080 (95% CI: 791, 1,441) per 100,000, respectively. Overall, cancer-associated VTE incidence increased with age, and for all ages, men had a higher VTE rate than women. We observed a much higher pancreatic cancer-associated VTE incidence than previously reported. Conclusions: The incidence of VTE in individuals with active cancer (especially pancreatic cancer) is higher than the general population. The incidence of VTE in patients with pancreatic cancer is higher than previously estimated.
Evaluating Representations of Mental Health in Young Adult Fiction: The Case of Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower

This article examines representations of mental health in young adult (YA) litearature, taking up Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower (1999) as its case study. Paying attention to the affordances of the genre of “teen sick-lit,” I connect such YA literature to the broader field of narrative medicine and consider what can be gained from this relationship. After a careful analysis of Chbosky’s novel, I conclude with a set of criteria that serve as markers of YA texts that productively convey mental health experiences. Although my focus here is on mental illness representations, my criteria and textual analysis can be extended to narratives that focus on other illness and diseases, as well.