cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of subject‐generated and experimentersupplied code words on the phonetic mnemonic system

The hypothesis tested proposed that subjects using the phonetic mnemonic system who were supplied code words by the experimenter would recall more numbers than either subjects generating their own code words or a control group. In Experiment 1,36 undergraduate subjects serving in a 3 × (3) mixed-factorial design confirmed the hypothesis, but the possibility existed that the superiority of the experimenter-supplied group was attributable to the failure of the subject-generated group to devise a complete set of code words. In Experiment 2 a new group of 12 self-generated subjects was tested with a modified procedure designed to maximize number of correct code words. However, the experimenter-supplied group recalled significantly more numbers than this group, too. In Experiment 3 the possibility was tested that the superiority of the experimenter-supplied subjects was an artifact based on insufficient training in the phonetic method of subjects creating code words. Accordingly, all 28 subjects received extended training before recall of a subject-generated group was tested against that of an experimenter-supplied group in a 2 × (2) factorial design. Once again the experimentersupplied group recalled significantly more numbers, confirming the hypothesis. These results represent an exception to the general finding that subject-generated mnemonics are superior to those supplied by the experimenter. The data suggest that the relative efficacy of the two sources interacts with the difficulty of the mnemonic.
A VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING STRUCTURE, TUNABLE OVER A WIDE FREQUENCY RANGE USING MINIMAL ACTUATION

This paper introduces a novel vibration energy harvesting structure with a resonance frequency that is tunable over a large range using a simple compact mechanical adjustment that alters the structural stiffness. The frequency tuning requires minimal actuation that can be “turned off” while maintaining the new resonance frequency. Testing shows that the natural frequency can be adjusted from 32 Hz to 85 Hz. The structure is coupled with an electromagnetic transducer to generate power. Test results at varying excitation frequencies and amplitudes demonstrate tunable power generation over a very wide bandwidth. In addition to frequency tunability, the structure is a nonlinear softening spring, which provides the added benefit of a passively wider bandwidth for specific ranges of the design parameters.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Natural recharge and localization of fresh ground water in Kuwait

Abstract Fresh ground water (200 parts per million total dissolved solids and upwards) occurs in portions of Pleistocene sandstone aquifers beneath basins and wadis in north Kuwait where the mean rainfall is about five inches per year. The fresh water is surrounded and underlain by brackish water (> 4000 ppm TDS). Drilling and testing show that fresh water saturation is restricted to wadis and basin areas; in Rawdatain basin it attains a maximum thickness of about 110 feet and a lateral extent of about seven miles. The fresh ground water represents recharge localized, during infrequent, torrential rain storms, in areas of concentrated runoff where sediments in the vadose zone are moderately permeable and depth to the water table is generally less than a hundred feet. Concentration of runoff appears to be the primary control in the localization of recharge. The fresh water percolates downward to the ground-water reservoir following rare storms, then flows in the direction of hydraulic gradient and gradually becomes brackish. Theoretical delineation of the recharge area and ground-water flow pattern in Rawdatain was confirmed by tritium and C14 dating of the water. Brackish ground-water conditions prevail from water table downward in areas where rainfall infiltrates essentially where it falls, permeability of sediments in the vadose zone is low, or the water table is several hundred feet below land surface. In these areas, rainfall is retained and lost within the soil zone or becomes mineralized during deep percolation.
Imperial Bedlam: Institutions of Madness in Colonial Southwest Nigeria

Imperial Bedlam: Institutions of Madness in Colonial Southwest Nigeria. Jonathan Sadowsky. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. vii. 169 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
A secure biometric authentication scheme based on robust hashing

In this paper, we propose a secure biometric based authentication scheme which fundamentally relies on the use of a robust hash function. The robust hash function is a one-way transformation tailored specifically for each user based on their biometrics. The function is designed as a sum of properly weighted and shifted Gaussian functions to ensure the security and privacy of biometric data. We discuss various design issues such as scalability, collision-freeness and security. We also provide test results obtained by applying the proposed scheme to ORL face database by designating the biometrics as singular values of face images.
Regulation of interleukin 2-dependent growth responses by glycosylphosphatidylinositol molecules.

Abstract The molecular mechanism of signal transduction through the interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor remains an enigma. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipids were investigated as one component of this process. IL-2 stimulated the rapid (30 sec) loss of greater than 50% of GPI in the IL-2-dependent T-cell line CTLL-2. Half-maximal GPI loss was detected at 40 pM IL-2, coincident with the EC50 (20 pM) for IL-2-induced proliferation of this cell line. This effect was specifically inhibited by antibodies that bind either IL-2 or the IL-2 receptor. The loss of GPI was mirrored by the accumulation of both polar inositolphosphoglycan (IPG) and diacylglycerol lipid fragments within cells. Increases in lipids were initially restricted to myristoyl diacylglycerol but were followed by the accumulation of myristoyl phosphatidic acid. These results are indicative of IL-2-dependent hydrolysis of GPI in T cells. The biological relevance of this hydrolysis was demonstrated by synergism of purified IPG with IL-2 in T-cell proliferation responses. The inclusion of IPG (0.1 microM) in determinations of IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 growth shifted the EC50 from 20 to 7 pM IL-2. IPG had no effect on either the number or affinity of IL-2 receptors; therefore, half-maximal CTLL-2 proliferation was obtained at less than 10% IL-2 receptor occupancy. These results demonstrate that GPI lipids are an important component of the biological response to IL-2.
Through the agents' minds: Cognitive mediators of social action

Thesis: Macro-level social phenomena are implemented through the (social) actions and minds of the individuals. Without an explicit theory of the agents' minds that founds, agents' behavior we cannot understand macro-level social phenomena, and in particular how they work. AntiThesis: Mind is not enough: the theory of individual (social) mind and action is not enough to explain several macro-level social phenomena. First, there are pre-cognitive, objective social structures that constrain the actions of the agents; second, there are emergent, unaware or non-contractual forms of cooperation, organisation, and intelligence. Synthesis: The real challenge is how to reconcile, cognition with emergence, intention and deliberation with unknown or unplanned social functions and “social order”. Both objective structures and unplanned self-organising complex forms of social order and social function emerge from the interactions of agents and from their individual mental states; both these structures and self-organising systems feedback on agents' behaviors through the agents' individual minds.
Characterization of the TCL-1 transgenic mouse as a preclinical drug development tool for human chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Drug development in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been limited by lack of a suitable animal model to adequately assess pharmacologic properties relevant to clinical application. A recently described TCL-1 transgenic mouse develops a chronic B-cell CD5+ leukemia that might be useful for such studies. Following confirmation of the natural history of this leukemia in the transgenic mice, we demonstrated that the transformed murine lymphocytes express relevant therapeutic targets (Bcl-2, Mcl-1, AKT, PDK1, and DNMT1), wild-type p53 status, and in vitro sensitivity to therapeutic agents relevant to the treatment of human CLL. We then demonstrated the in vivo clinical activity of low-dose fludarabine in transgenic TCL-1 mice with active leukemia. These studies demonstrated both early reduction in blood-lymphocyte count and spleen size and prolongation of survival (P = .046) compared with control mice. Similar to human CLL, an emergence of resistance was noted with fludarabine treatment in vivo. Overall, these studies suggest that the TCL-1 transgenic leukemia mouse model has similar clinical and therapeutic response properties to human CLL and may therefore serve as a useful in vivo tool to screen new drugs for subsequent development in CLL.
An Investigation of Stimulus Pairing and Listener Training to Establish Emergent Intraverbals in Children with Autism

We examined two methods to facilitate the emergence of untaught intraverbal responses to children with autism. Listener behavior training (LT) involved reinforcement of a selection-based response following presentation of an array of pictures on an iPad® and an auditory instruction describing a characteristic of the picture. Stimulus pairing (SP) involved presentation of one picture in isolation on the iPad® and an auditory instruction describing a characteristic of the picture. Participants were not required to emit an overt vocal response during SP. Results indicate both procedures were effective at producing some untaught intraverbal responses, but a transfer of stimulus control procedure was required for two of the three participants to meet mastery criterion. Results are discussed in terms of necessary prerequisite skills for each procedure, and the requirement of an overt or echoic response to help facilitate the emergence of intraverbals.
Peers' Perceptions of Negro and White Occupational Preferences

The hypothesis that elementary school children would cast their peers in occupational roles in a class play that would be congruent with the peers' previously expressed vocational preferences was supported for boys (N = 106), but not for girls (N = 97). Boys expressing a preference for either professional or masculine, aggressively oriented occupations were nominated for similar occupational roles in a class play by a significant number of their male and female peers. However, girls who expressed a preference for nursing or teaching were not cast in these roles by a significant number of either their male or female peers. Negro boys expressing a preference for professional occupations were cast in these roles by their peers with significantly greater frequency than were white boys. There were no significant race differences in the other occupational categories of the class play.
Effects of ductile laminate thickness, volume fraction, and orientation on fatigue-crack propagation in Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites

Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) has been studied in a new class of materials termed metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites (Ti-Al3Ti). Due to ease of fabrication and control over layer makeup, these MIL composites can be tailored to optimize the constituent properties for structural and higher performance aerospace applications. Effects of ductile reinforcement (titanium alloy) type, thickness, and volume fraction were systematically investigated in both arrester and divider orientations. Stress intensity (Kmax) values as large as 40 MPa√m were observed in the higher crack growth regime, indicating that the fracture toughness of the MIL composites is comparable to common structural metals. In both divider and arrester orientations, the overall fatigue crack growth rate showed an improvement with increasing Ti volume fraction and with increasing Ti thickness (at constant ductile-phase volume fraction). It is noted that the fatigue resistance of monolithic Al3Ti was improved by an order of magnitude by incorporating just 20 vol pct ductile Ti. In the divider orientation, toughening is obtained through plastically stretching the intact ductile Ti ligaments that bridge the crack wake, thus reducing the crack driving force. By virtue of its morphology, the arrester orientation provides toughening by trapping the crack front entirely at the metallic-intermetallic interfaces, thus requiring the crack to renucleate at each interface. Results are compared with specific crack growth rates of conventional monolithic alloys and other composite systems such as TiNb/γ-TiAl and Nb/Nb3Al. Owing to their low density (∼3.8 g/cc), Ti-Al MIL composites exhibited specific crack growth rates (da/dN vs ΔK/ρ) on par with tougher, but relatively denser, ductile metals such as Ti alloys and high-strength steels.
Effects of irradiation on development of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease in genetically resistant mice.

Abstract Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD), a model for multiple sclerosis, is a chronic T cell-mediated disease. Development of clinical symptoms in susceptible mouse strains generally correlates with TMEV-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. These responses, minimal or absent in resistant mouse strains, have been proposed as the pathogenic basis for the central nervous system inflammation and demyelination characterizing the disease. We demonstrate here that normally resistant (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F1 hybrid mice develop clinical symptoms and DTH responses against TMEV after low doses of γ-irradiation. Parental C57BL/6 animals remain resistant after similar pretreatment. Thus low-dose irradiation elicits a "latent" susceptibility to TMEV-IDD in some, but not all, resistant mice. Adoptively transferred spleen cells from syngeneic, unirradiated donors reconfer resistance on irradiated, infected B6D2F1 hybrids and reduce DTH responsiveness against TMEV, suggesting a protective role for a radiation-sensitive splenic population(s). The closely related C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 strains differ with respect to intrinsic and latent susceptibility.
PS2-07: Institutional Review Board Review of Inter-institutional Research Conducted in the HMO Research Network

Background/Aims The member institutions of the HMORN have long been concerned about their ability to conduct multi-site research in a timely and efficient manner. Frequently in the past, investigators in multi-site studies have felt constrained by the requirement of submitting proposed research to multiple IRBs. In June 2008, the HMORN Governing Board approved a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that streamlined this submission process for data-only studies (Version 1), and in September 2010, the SOP was revised (Version 2) to permit the inclusion of all HMORN multi- site research except clinical trials. Version 3 of the SOP was approved by the Governing Board in July 2011. IRB Administrators and Directors from around the HMORN meet regularly to discuss strategies for harmonizing review as well as establishing a Network-wide IRB Authorization Agreement for the conduct of HMORN multi-site research. In addition, the section on IRB in the HMORN Collaboratory submission provides a roadmap for future activities.
The response of transplants of cultured fetal mouse ovaries in kidneys of ovariectomized adult mice

Whole ovaries from 16-day fetal mice were cultured for 6 to 20 days and then transplanted to the kidneys of ovariectomized adult mice where they remained for one to four weeks. After three weeks in the host's kidneys, many follicles developed within the transplants and became vesiculated. Many of the oocytes within these follicles had formed the first metaphase spindle of meiosis and several had completed the first polar body. Host mice bearing transplants that contained vesiculated follicles showed uterine stimulation and keratinization of their vaginae. However, ovaries that had been in culture for more than ten days before transplantation showed a limited response to the gonadotropins and never matured sufficiently to stimulate the host's reproductive tract. No ovulations occurred in any of the transplants.
Illustrating the cognitive consequences of object-oriented systems development

Abstract The purported “naturalness” of object-oriented (OO) approaches refers to the assertion that an alignment exists among the innate cognitive activities of system designers and the characteristics of OO system development approaches. That is, designers can think about the objects that make up the system in the same way they think about objects in the world. This fit of cognitive activities and OO characteristics appeals to many system developers. Contrary to the claim of naturalness, many students and practitioners report difficulties learning and using OO techniques. To understand why OO approaches seem to be difficult to learn and use, we illustrate the consistency of common characteristics of OO techniques and the cognitive activities of systems designers. A group of graduate students identified 148 beliefs, facts, and ideas pertaining to OO complexity. Researchers classified each item in terms of the abstraction, communication, problem-orientation, and shared behavior characteristics common to OO approaches. Then classified each item in terms of the problem understanding, problem decomposition, and design solution cognitive activities. The consistency of the two classifications confirms that claims are supported by usage. However, it seems that methodology and project management are part of the task of developing information systems (ISs) that are not adequately addressed by OO approaches.
Simulations of Membranes and Other Interfacial Systems Using P21 and Pc Periodic Boundary Conditions

We demonstrate the ease and utility of simulating heterogeneous interfacial systems with P2(1) and Pc periodic boundary conditions which allow, for example, lipids in a membrane to switch leaflets. In preliminary tests, P2(1) was shown to yield equivalent results to P1 in simulations of bulk water, a water/vacuum interface, and pure DPPC bilayers with an equal number of lipids per leaflet; equivalence of Pc and P1 was also demonstrated for the former two systems. P2(1) was further tested in simulations involving the spreading of an octane film on water, and equilibration of a DPPC bilayer from an initial condition containing different numbers of lipids in the two leaflets. Lastly, a simulation in P2(1) of a DOPC/melittin membrane showed significant passage of lipids to the melittin-containing leaflet from the initial distribution, and lends insight into the condensation of lipids by melittin.
Progesterone: Effects on investigatory preferences, aggression, and olfaction in orchidectomized, testosterone-treated mice

Effects of testosterone alone and in combination with progesterone on investigatory preferences, fighting, and olfaction in castrated male CD-1 mice were assessed. Testosterone stimulated both preferences for intact male mice and aggression, while progesterone reduced attention to intact male mice and reduced aggression. Accessory sex tissue weights and olfactory ability were unaffected by progesterone treatment. The possibility of a centrally located antagonism of testosterone by progesterone exclusive of the olfactory system is discussed.
Intermittent use of nitrates increases bone mineral density: the study of osteoporotic fractures.

Nitric oxide slows bone remodeling and bone loss in animals. Because nitroglycerin and other nitrates increase nitric oxide levels, we hypothesized that nitrate use may be associated with greater bone mineral density (BMD) and decreased risk of fracture in humans. Further, intermittent nitrate use may be associated with greater benefits than daily nitrate use, which results in tachyphylaxis. We tested this hypothesis using data from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. We prospectively studied 6201 elderly women of whom 317 took nitrates on a daily basis and 74 used them intermittently. We measured BMD at the hip and the heel and adjusted all comparisons for multiple potential confounders. We found that women taking daily nitrates had slightly greater hip BMD (difference, 1.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–4.1%) but the same heel BMD (difference, 0%; 95% CI −2.6–2.6%) as nonusers. By contrast, women using nitrates intermittently had substantially greater hip (difference, 2.6%; 95% CI, 0.4–6.8%) and heel BMD (difference, 5.3%; 95% CI, 2.6–11%) than nonusers. This study suggests that the intermittent administration of nitrates may enhance BMD.
Lessons of the Street Code Policy Implications for Reducing Violent Victimization Among Disadvantaged Citizens

Elijah Anderson argued that adoption of the street code should reduce victimization risk for individuals who have to navigate disadvantaged, high-crime neighborhoods. In a recent article, Stewart, Schreck, and Simons (2006) examined whether adopting the street code decreased violent victimization, as Anderson suggested. Stewart et al. found no support for the idea that adopting the street code reduces victimization. Instead, they found that individuals who adopt the street code have higher levels of victimization. In addition, the results highlighted that the street code is related to both violent offending and violent victimization. In this article, the authors focus on the policy implications of Anderson's “code of the street” thesis, violent victimization, and offending. They argue that improving police—citizen interactions may be a starting point for restoring legitimacy in the police and criminal justice system, which may in turn reduce violence in street code—dominated areas.
Nonparametric additive model-assisted estimation for survey data

An additive model-assisted nonparametric method is investigated to estimate the finite population totals of massive survey data with the aid of auxiliary information. A class of estimators is proposed to improve the precision of the well known Horvitz-Thompson estimators by combining the spline and local polynomial smoothing methods. These estimators are calibrated, asymptotically design-unbiased, consistent, normal and robust in the sense of asymptotically attaining the Godambe-Joshi lower bound to the anticipated variance. A consistent model selection procedure is further developed to select the significant auxiliary variables. The proposed method is sufficiently fast to analyze large survey data of high dimension within seconds. The performance of the proposed method is assessed empirically via simulation studies.
On a weakly secure regenerating code construction for minimum storage regime

Weakly secure storage codes aim to hide information about individual files as well as small groups of files from an eavesdropper that has access to a limited number of storage nodes. Such codes are a practical alternative to traditional information-theoretic schemes that hide information about the entire set of files from the eavesdropper. The weakly secure codes do not use random keys, and as a result, provide a higher storage capacity compared to the traditional approach. In this paper, we focus on the design of weakly secure regenerating codes. In particular, we present an explicit construction of a coset coding based outer code to augment a Product-Matrix (PM) regenerating code (proposed by Rashmi et al.) operating at the minimum storage regime. The proposed outer code weakly secures the PM regenerating code against an eavesdropper that can observe any single storage node. More specifically, the outer code hides information about the groups of files whose size is roughly two times more than what can be achieved using only the PM code. Moreover, the proposed scheme requires a small finite field size and can be easily implemented in practical settings.
Drug‐induced hair colour changes

Drug-induced hair colour changes are not a common adverse effect from medications. A wide variety of drugs have been implicated in causing hair colour changes but very few have data to support a true relationship. Of the drugs reported, chloroquine and cancer chemotherapeutic agents have the best evidence to support an association. Other drugs, such as p-aminobenzoic acid, calcium pantothenate, anthralin, chinoform, mephenesin, minoxidil, propofol, valproic acid, and verapamil await confirmatory data. Drug-induced causes should be considered in any patient with unexplained hair colour changes.
Glomerular and medullary architecture in the kidney of Anna's Hummingbird.

Hummingbirds have rates of water turnover that are among the highest of any bird, consuming up to five times their body mass in nectar each day. To determine if the processing of these extraordinary volumes of water is associated with structural specializations in the kidney, we examined the renal morphology of Anna's hummingbird (Calypte anna) using scanning electron microscopy of vascular and tubular casts. The glomerular tufts are simple, containing a single, unbranched capillary that is spiraled or folded back on itself only one or two times. There is no evidence that nectarivory in this species is associated with a relative increase in the size of the glomeruli. The medullary cones are small, containing only a few loops of Henle and collecting ducts. The vasa recta form a complex network of branching and anastomosing capillaries. In this nectarivore, the structures necessary to produce urine that is hyperosmotic to plasma are poorly developed or absent, which is consistent with urine osmolalities that are uniformly low. J. Morphol. 240:95-100, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The fine structure of two types of stellate cells in the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat.

Abstract The stellate cells in the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat were studied with the electron microscope. Although only one type of stellate cell has been identified at the light-microscopic level, two types can be recognized in electron micrographs. Both can be distinguished from the bushy cells that are also present in the anterior division, since they lack the nuclear cap of granular endoplasmic reticulum characteristic of the bushy cells. The somas of the type I stellate cells receive very few synaptic contacts, but the number of synaptic terminals increases markedly along the proximal dendrites. In contrast, both the soma and proximal dendrites of the type II stellate cells receive numerous synaptic contacts. Both neuronal types receive synaptic endings that contain large, spherical vesicles and that disappear after cochlear ablation. Both types of stellate cells are also contacted by synaptic terminals with small vesicles similar to those that contact bushy cells. In addition, the type II stellate cells receive a type of synaptic ending unlike those previously described. This is a relatively large terminal, containing large, flattened or disk-shaped vesicles, and forming slightly asymmetric synaptic complexes with the postsynaptic cell. These terminals as well as those with small synaptic vesicles survive cochlear ablation. The sources of the non-cochlear terminals are not known. The results indicate that the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat contains at least three types of large neurons, each of which receives synaptic input from the cochlea as well as from other sources. The organization of the synaptic endings on the surface of each type is different. Since distinctive arrangements of cochlear and non-cochlear synaptic terminals could result in different response patterns to acoustic stimuli, each of these neuronal types may correspond to a different type of single unit, defined physiologically.
Enhancing optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency by using plasmonic photoconductive emitters

We show that using plasmonic contact electrodes significantly enhances the quantum efficiency of ultrafast photoconductors and demonstrate 50-times higher optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies from a plasmonic photoconductive terahertz emitter in comparison with a conventional photoconductive emitter.
Epidermal reinnervation after intracutaneous axotomy in man

Two distinct patterns of reinnervation occur after injury to the cutaneous nerves: regenerative growth of the injured nerve and "collateral sprouting" of neighboring intact nerves. We describe two complementary models of regrowth of transected small sensory fibers in human skin. The "incision" model uses a circular incision that transects the subepidermal plexus, resulting in Wallerian degeneration of the nerve fibers that enter the incised cylinder, leaving a defined zone of denervated dermis and epidermis. The "excision" model utilizes an identical incision, followed by removal of the incised cylinder of skin, leaving a denervated area in which Schwann cells are absent. In the incision model, the earliest reinervation of denervated epidermis occurred by collateral sprouting from the terminals of epidermal axons from just outside the incision line. These axon terminals extended horizontally across the incision line and through the superficial layers of the epidermis, beneath the stratum corneum. By 13 days, numerous regenerating axons appeared in the deeper dermis derived from transected axons. These regenerating axons grew toward and ultimately into the epidermis, so that epidermal axonal density had normalized by 30-75 days. The invasion of these axons was associated with regression of the horizontally growing collateral sprouts. In the excision model, new fibers arose by terminal elongation of the epidermal axons outside the incision line, as in the incision model, and especially by collateral branching of epidermal fibers at the incision margins. These collaterals reached the epidermal surface of the basal lamina at the dermal-epidermal junction and then grew slowly toward the center of the denervated circle. In contrast to the incision model, however, complete reinnervation was not achieved even after 23 months. These models can be used to study reinnervation of denervated skin in man in different injury models and have relevance for exploring the stimuli for axonal growth and remodeling.
OXYGEN-TRANSFER REACTIONS OF METHYLRHENIUM OXIDES

Methylrhenium dioxide, CH3ReO2 (or MDO), is produced from methylrhenium trioxide, CH3ReO3 (or MTO), and hypophosphorous acid in acidic aqueous medium. Its mechanism is discussed in light of MTO's coordination ability and the inverse kinetic isotope effect (kie): H2P(O)OH, k = 0.028 L mol-1 s-1; D2P(O)OH, k = 0.039 L mol-1 s-1. The Re(V) complex, MDO, reduces perchlorate and other inorganic oxoanions (XOn-, where X = Cl, Br, or I and n = 4 or 3). The rate is controlled by the first oxygen abstraction from perchlorate to give chlorate, with a second-order rate constant at pH 0 and 25 °C of 7.3 L mol-1 s-1. Organic oxygen-donors such as sulfoxides and pyridine N-oxides oxidize MDO to MTO as do metal oxo complexes: VO2+(aq), VO2+(aq), HOMoO2+(aq), and MnO4-. The reaction between V2+(aq) with MTO and the reduction of VO2+ with MDO made it possible to determine the free energy for MDO/MTO. Oxygen-atom transfer from oxygen-donors to MDO involves nucleophilic attack of X−O on the electrophilic Re(V) center of M...
Phase I Evaluation of Intravenous Ascorbic Acid in Combination with Gemcitabine and Erlotinib in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer

Background: Preclinical data support further investigation of ascorbic acid in pancreatic cancer. There are currently insufficient safety data in human subjects, particularly when ascorbic acid is combined with chemotherapy. Methods and Findings: 14 subjects with metastatic stage IV pancreatic cancer were recruited to receive an eight week cycle of intravenous ascorbic acid (three infusions per week), using a dose escalation design, along with standard treatment of gemcitabine and erlotinib. Of 14 recruited subjects enrolled, nine completed the study (three in each dosage tier). There were fifteen non-serious adverse events and eight serious adverse events, all likely related to progression of disease or treatment with gemcitabine or erlotinib. Applying RECIST 1.0 criteria, seven of the nine subjects had stable disease while the other two had progressive disease. Conclusions: These initial safety data do not reveal increased toxicity with the addition of ascorbic acid to gemcitabine and erlotinib in pancreatic cancer patients. This, combined with the observed response to treatment, suggests the need for a phase II study of longer duration. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00954525
Possible effect of hyperthermal electrons on the charging of mesospheric dust

Abstract It is generally assumed that negatively charged icy dust particles in the mesosphere are charged by the collection of thermal plasma particles. However, there are some indications that there may be a population of hyperthermal electrons in the D-region under auroral activity under certain conditions (e.g. Margot-Chaker and McNamara, Planetary and Space Science 32, 391, 1984). In this brief communication, we speculate on the effect of a hyperthermal distribution of electrons on dust charging, and how this might affect prevailing turbulence scattering theory for polar summer mesophere echoes.
Visioplasticity analysis of 2024 aluminum alloy extrusions

Abstract Visioplasticity studies were conducted on axisymmetric extrusions of 2024 aluminum alloy extruded in the temperature range of 300–537°C. Two types of flow pattern occurred: (a) the usual type consisting of a single maximum in the transverse grid lines located at the extrusion axis; and (b) an uncommon wavy-type with two maxima located symmetrically about the axis. The occurrence of the latter pattern was accentuated as the temperature was lowered or the extrusion speed increased. Good agreement was obtained between computed and experimental positions of the transverse grid lines for both types of flow pattern using flow function analysis. The width of the deformation zone in the double maximum pattern was reduced compared with the single maximum pattern; it moved downstream at the die entrance and upstream at the exit. Derived values of the shear strain and principal strain suggest that the double maximum pattern observed here is determined more by material behavior than by lubrication conditions.
Synthesis and metal ion complexation properties of a novel polyethyleneimine N-methylhydroxamic acid water soluble polymer

A major goal of our research program is to develop water soluble chelating polymers for the selective separation of trivalent cations such as iron(III) and tetravalent actinide ions such as Th(IV) or Pu(IV) from aqueous, radioactive waste streams. As part of this effort, we have synthesized a new water soluble polyethyleneimine polymer that incorporates N-methylhydroxamic acid chelating groups. Both the synthesis of this chelating polymer, PEI-NMH, and its ability to achieve selective separation of target metal ions using ultrafiltration will be discussed. It is interesting to note that the PEI-NMH polymer selectively binds iron(III) over thorium(IV) at pH 1 in contrast to its primary hydroxamate analog PEI-H. The binding properties of these polymers have been evaluated using both potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods. A comparison of the binding properties of PEI-NMH and PEI-H reveals the importance of the nature of the ligand in the complexation process.
Demonstration of a stage‐specific expression of the zfy protein in fetal mouse testis using anti‐peptide antibodies

The zinc finger Y (Zfy) gene is located on the Y chromosome of all placental mammals. Although it is phylogenetically conserved and is expressed in mouse fetal testis, it is not the sex determining Y (Tdy) gene. To address the possible function of the Zfy gene in mice, the distribution of Zfy protein in fetal mice was investigated by immunocytochemical staining using several specific antisera against synthetic peptides of the mouse Zfy protein. Analysis of various fetal tissues at different embryonic stages demonstrated a specific staining only in fetal testis. In particular, reactive protein was initially observed in male fetal gonads at day 11.5 postcoitum (p.c.). The immuno-staining intensified in fetal testes at day 12 and 12.5 p.c., decreased drastically in those at day 13 and 14 p.c. and became undetectable in those at day 15 p.c. and beyond. The reactive molecules were distributed mostly within the seminiferous tubules of the embryonic testis. The present observations confirm the previous findings with RT-PCR analysis and indicate that Zfy or Zfy-like protein is expressed in stage-specific manner during early testis differentiation. Its location in the seminiferous tubules suggests a possible role in early germ cell development. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Selective Oxidation of Thioether Mustard (HD) Analogs bytert-Butylhydroperoxide Catalyzed by H5PV2Mo10O40Supported on Porous Carbon Materials

Abstract The polyoxometalate H 5 PV 2 Mo 10 O 40 (1) supported on porous carbons forms selective and recoverable heterogeneous catalysts for the rapid room temperature oxidation of thioether mustard (HD) analogs. Both selectivities (95 to 99% for sulfoxide) and rates (∼20%) vary with the carbon support at parity of all other parameters. A 99% selectivity for the sulfoxide product, even at 75% conversion of the thioether substrate, is seen for the most selective system, 10 wt% 1 on Rohm and Haas Ambersorb (1/Ambersorb). Washing for 125 h in the solvent for catalysis, toluene, results in no significant loss in catalytic activity and a recovery and reusability study at high turnover also indicates that the catalysts are very stable. The polyoxometalate/carbon catalysts can be reactivated between uses by heating to ∼80°C. The oxidation of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) to THTO by tert -butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) catalyzed by 1/Ambersorb is first order in substrate and oxidant and proportional to the concentration of active sites on the 1/Ambersorb. The activation parameters for the process are Δ H ‡ = 11.4 ± 0.05 kcal/mol and Δ S ‡ = − 38.8 ± 0.22 cal/K mol.
Perceptions of PACS

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) represent an enormously expensive technological innovation which has the potential to alter the way in which radiology is practiced. In a 1985 survey of radiologists and radiology administrators, over a quarter of those individu1s expected to have some component of an operational PACS system by 1986. The survey respondants perceived advantages including fast access to files, multiple user simultaneous access to films, and possibly secondary benefits in accuracy in diagnosis and improved communications. Progress in widespread PACS implementation has considerably lagged the rate anticipated in the 1985 study. In order to evaluate the current expectations of PACS and contrast them to the earlier enthusiasm we have undertaken this study of the current perceptions of PACS among both radiologists and clinicians.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Asymptotic Theory for Estimating Beta‐Pricing Models Using Cross‐Sectional Regression

Without the assumption of conditional homoskedasticity, a general asymptotic distribution theory for the two-stage cross-sectional regression method shows that the standard errors produced by the Fama–MacBeth procedure do not necessarily overstate the precision of the risk premium estimates. When factors are misspecified, estimators for risk premiums can be biased, and the t-value of a premium may converge to infinity in probability even when the true premium is zero. However, when a beta-pricing model is misspecified, the t-values for firm characteristics generally converge to infinity in probability, which supports the use of firm characteristics in cross-sectional regressions for detecting model misspecification.
Adaptive self-organized maps based on bidirectional approximate reasoning and its applications to information filtering

Similarity measuring is one substantial part in self-organizing maps (SOM) for its direct influence on the mapping results. The common used similarity measuring method - Euclidean distance cannot always express the exact similarity. In this paper, a novel adaptive self-organized maps based on bidirectional approximate reasoning (ASOMBAR) is proposed to improve the competitive and cooperative process based on the similarity measuring. Unlike the SOM, the proposed ASOMBAR employs the novel fuzzy similarity distance and fuzzy matching criterion to replace the Euclidean distance and original matching criterion, respectively. The fuzzy similarity distance describes the similarity relation more precisely than the Euclidean distance does. The fuzzy matching criterion pays more attention on the large weighted elements and less emphasis on the small weighted elements. Moreover, the new compatible topological neighborhood is also modified basing on the new fuzzy similarity distance and fuzzy matching criterion. Since the ASOMBAR network is self-organizing, the weights of the networks change adaptively according to the input changes. Compared with the well-known growing neural gas (GNG) and SOM, ASOMBAR (when @l>=0.5) converges quicker to a smaller distortion error. An information filtering example is used to show the effectiveness of ASOMBAR.
Lower bound estimate for droplet size in two-phase dispersed flow

A theoretical post-dryout heat transfer model is developed based on one-dimensional two-phase dispersed flow and is applied to calculate the wall temperatures in the post-CHF regime. The model is also applied to reason the existence of a lower bound for average droplet diameter in two-phase dispersed flow. Results obtained using data by Bennett, et al. show lower droplet sizes than the experimentally measured values.
Systematic growth of Mordell-Weil groups of abelian varieties in towers of number fields

Let A be an abelian variety over the number field K. One knows, by the Mordell-Weil Theorem, that the Mordell-Weil group A(K) of K-rational points of A is finitely generated. Unfortunately, one knows little more than that; in particular, one can rarely find conceptual means for exhibiting points of infinite order in A(K). A few years ago, however, Kurchanov [Ku 1] and Mazur [-M2] succeeded in doing just that, when (1) A is an elliptic curve over Q, admitting a surjective map Xo(N )--, A, where Xo(N ) is the modular curve corresponding to the group
Genesis of Tornadoes Associated with Hurricanes

The climatological history of hurricane-tornadoes is brought up to date through 1982. Most of the tornadoes either form near the center of the hurricane, from the outer edge of the eyewall outward, or in an area between north and east-southeast of the hurricane center. The blackbody temperatures of the cloud tops which were analyzed for several hurricane-tornadoes that formed in the years 1974, 1975, and 1979, did not furnish strong precursor signals of tornado formation, but followed one of two patterns: either the temperatures were very low, or the tornado formed in areas of strong temperature gradients. Tornadoes with tropical cyclones most frequently occur at 1200-1800 LST, and although most are relatively weak, they can reach the F3 intensity level. Most form in association with the outer rainbands of the hurricane.
Estimation of Prothrombin Times of Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis) and Umbrella Cockatoos (Cacatua alba)

Abstract The determination of prothrombin time (PT) has been standardized for domestic chickens; however, validated tests of coagulation are lacking for nondomestic avian species, limiting the investigation of acquired hemostatic disorders in these species. The purpose of this study was to validate the PT assay for chickens in our laboratory using both fresh and frozen plasma and to apply the assay to psittacine bird plasma to establish reference intervals for PT of Hispaniolan parrots (Amazona ventralis) and umbrella cockatoos (Cacatua alba). We used avian tissue thromboplastin, prepared from brain tissue of 2-week-old chickens, for determining all PT values. The reference intervals for PT of chickens (n = 6) were 7.5–10.6 and 7.0–11.1 seconds for fresh and frozen plasma, respectively. The reference intervals for PT of Hispaniolan parrots (n = 6) were 7.5–13.4 and 9.0–11.3 seconds for fresh and frozen plasma, respectively. The reference intervals for PT of cockatoos (n = 14) differed significantly (P < ....
Sexualizing Governance and Medicalizing Identities: The Emergence of `State-Centered' LGBT Health Politics in the United States:

In recent years, `state-centered' LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered) health advocacy has emerged as a distinctive form of health activism in the United States. These advocates seek the inclusion of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgendered persons as subjects and objects of biomedical research. Much of their attention has focused on changing the policies, practices, and priorities of agencies of the US Department of Health and Human Services, including the National Institutes of Health. This emphasis has developed out of the convergence of two trajectories: the histories of specific activist movements that show an increasing willingness to engage directly with the state; and the adoption by the state of a `policy paradigm' for including `special populations' within the concerns of federal health agencies. The impact of state-centered LGBT health advocacy can be traced in a number of specific domains. However, the partial successes of these efforts raise troubling questions about the me...
QuikSCAT Satellite Comparisons with Nearshore Buoy Wind Data off the U.S. West Coast

Abstract To determine the accuracy of nearshore winds from the QuikSCAT satellite, winds from three satellite datasets (scientifically processed swath, gridded near-real-time, and gridded science datasets) were compared to those from 12 nearshore and 3 offshore U.S. West Coast buoys. Satellite observations from August 1999 to December 2000 that were within 25 km and 30 min of each buoy were used. Comparisons showed that satellite–buoy wind differences near shore were larger than those offshore. Editing the satellite data by discarding observations recorded in rain and those recorded in light winds improved the accuracy of all three datasets. After removing rain-flagged data and wind speeds less than 3 m s−1, root-mean-squared differences (satellite minus buoy) for swath data, the best of the three datasets, were 1.4 m s−1 and 37° based on 5741 nearshore comparisons. By removing winds less than 6 m s−1, these differences were reduced to 1.3 m s−1 and 26°. At the three offshore buoys, the root-mean-squared ...
Psychopatholgy and Perception of Physiques

It has been shown that physiques can be stereotyped according to social concepts and that the stereotyping was affected by variables such a s age, sex, manifest anxiety, group affiliation, and psychodynamics (Kiker & Miller, 1967; Miller, et al., 1968; Miller & Stewart, 1968; Miller, 1969; Sleet, 1968; Stewart, et al., 1970). These findings suggest that gross personality differences, defined by differential psychopathological classific&ion on the MMPI, may also be reflected in the stereotyping process in judging physiques. Within-diagnosticgroup variability was chosen for the dependent variable since it is known to be sensitive to anxiety (Miller, et al., 1968) and sex differences (Stewart, et al., 1970).