cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RFA plus lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin: in search of the optimal approach to cure intermediate-size hepatocellular carcinoma.

When heated during a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure to ≥40°C, lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin (LTLD) produces high drug concentration in the surrounding margins of the ablation zone. The hypothesis that the RFA + LTLD combination can effectively treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated in the HEAT study: adding LTLD did not improve the efficacy of normal practice RFA. However, among the 285 patients with a solitary lesion who received at least 45-min RFA dwell time, the hazard ratio for overall survival was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41–0.96; p = 0.04). The OPTIMA study is currently ongoing to test the hypothesis that adding LTLD to a standardized RFA lasting ≥45 min increases survival compared with standardized RFA alone.
Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer

Recent success of immunotherapy strategies such as immune checkpoint blockade in several malignancies has established the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Cancers use multiple mechanisms to co-opt the host-tumor immune interactions, leading to immune evasion. Our understanding of the host-tumor interactions has evolved over the past few years and led to various promising new therapeutic strategies. This article will focus on the basic principles of immunotherapy, novel pathways/agents, and combinatorial immunotherapies.
Abstract SY04-01: The in vivo gain-of-function activities of mutant p53

The p53 tumor suppressor is the most often altered gene in human cancers with missense mutations in the DNA binding domain accounting for approximately 70% of alterations. Mutant p53 proteins have gain-of-function activates that contribute to more aggressive tumors with increased metastatic properties. Mechanisms by which mutant p53 exerts its gain of function will be discussed. In addition, I will discuss the generation of a novel mouse model that allows Cre-mediated expression of mutant p53 in specific cell types leaving the surrounding stroma and immune system wild type for p53 as occurs in human somatic tumors. Citation Format: Guillermina Lozano. The in vivo gain-of-function activities of mutant p53. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr SY04-01.
Persönliche und soziale Merkmale Heroinsüchtiger

Der Heroinsuchtige wird oft als ein Individuum beschrieben, das Eigenschaften besitzt, die in unserer Gesellschaft als hochst unerwunscht gelten. Er wird als jemand betrachtet, der aus einem Milieu stammt, das durch eine schwere Familienpathologie gekennzeichnet ist, die eine schlechte Beziehung zu den Eltern, Verwaisung und zerruttete Familien („broken homes“) einschliest; er gilt als eine Person, die sich auf der niedrigsten soziookonomischen Ebene unserer Gesellschaft bewegt, und die oft einer Minderheitengruppe angehort und einen durftigen beruflichen Werdegang aufweist; als jemand, der relativ wenige brauchbare Fahigkeiten und einen niedrigen Bildungsgrad besitzt.
Caregiver Compliance With Safe Sleep Guidelines

Abstract The objective of the study is to determine whether infant caregivers are complying with current safe sleep recommendations based on the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. This is a literature review utilizing four databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase. Numerous barriers prevent some infant caregivers from complying with current safe sleep recommendations. Formal intervention and education programs are effective in increasing safe sleep compliance. Not all caregivers are following back to sleep guidelines. Gaps in caregiver knowledge regarding safe sleep need to be addressed and further research should be conducted with emphasis on education.
The Impact of Comparative Product Ingredient Information

Marketers spend heavily to create unique brand images for products that have nearly identical ingredients. This study investigates the extent of cunsumer awareness of quality differences for these ...
Mechanisms of peptide sex pheromone regulation of conjugation in Enterococcus faecalis

In many gram positive bacteria, horizontal transfer and virulence are regulated by peptide-mediated cell-cell signaling. The heptapeptide cCF10 (C) activates conjugative transfer of the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pCF10, whereas the iCF10 (I) peptide inhibits transfer. Both peptides bind to the same domain of the master transcription regulator PrgX, a repressor of transcription of the prgQ operon encoding conjugation genes. We show that repression of prgQ by PrgX tetramers requires formation of a pCF10 DNA loop where each of two PrgX DNA-binding sites is occupied by a dimer. I binding to PrgX enhances prgQ repression, while C binding has the opposite effect. Previous models suggested that differential effects of these two peptides on the PrgX oligomerization state accounted for their distinct functions. Our new results demonstrate that both peptides have similar, high-binding affinity for PrgX, and that both peptides actually promote formation of PrgX tetramers with higher DNA-binding affinity than Apo-PrgX. We propose that differences in repression ability of PrgX/peptide complexes result from subtle differences in the structures of DNA-bound PrgX/peptide complexes. Changes in the induction state of a donor cell likely results from replacement of one type of DNA-bound peptide/PrgX tetramer with the other.
Spatial planning for a green economy: national-level hydrologic ecosystem services priority areas for Gabon.

Rapidly developing countries contain both the bulk of intact natural areas and biodiversity, and the greatest untapped natural resource stocks, placing them at the forefront of "green" economic development opportunities. However, most lack scientific tools to create development plans that account for biodiversity and ecosystem services, diminishing the real potential to be sustainable. Existing methods focus on biodiversity and carbon priority areas across large geographies (e.g., countries, states/provinces), leaving out essential services associated with water supplies, among others. These hydrologic ecosystem services (HES) are especially absent from methods applied at large geographies and in data-limited contexts. Here, we present a novel, spatially explicit, and relatively simple methodology to identify countrywide HES priority areas. We applied our methodology to the Gabonese Republic, a country undergoing a major economic transformation under a governmental commitment to balance conservation and development goals. We present the first national-scale maps of HES priority areas across Gabon for erosion control, nutrient retention, and groundwater recharge. Priority sub-watersheds covered 44% of the country's extent. Only 3% of the country was identified as a priority area for all HES simultaneously, highlighting the need to conserve different areas for each different hydrologic service. While spatial tradeoffs occur amongst HES, we identified synergies with two other conservation values, given that 66% of HES priority areas intersect regions of above average area-weighted (by sub-watersheds) total forest carbon stocks and 38% intersect with terrestrial national parks. Considering implications for development, we identified HES priority areas overlapping current or proposed major roads, forestry concessions, and active mining concessions, highlighting the need for proactive planning for avoidance areas and compensatory offsets to mitigate potential conflicts. Collectively, our results provide insight into strategies to protect HES as part of Gabon's development strategy, while providing a replicable methodology for application to new scales, geographies, and policy contexts.
Updates in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery for General Surgeons.

Significant improvement and development have occurred in minimally invasive cardiac surgery over the past 20 years. Although most studies have consistently demonstrated equivalent or improved outcomes compared with conventional cardiac surgery, with significantly shorter recovery times, adoption continues to be limited. In addition, cost data have been inconsistent. Further ongoing trials are needed to help determine the exact roles for these innovative procedures.
Use of a novel, electronic health record-centered, interprofessional ICU rounding simulation to understand latent safety issues

Objectives:The electronic health record is a primary source of information for all professional groups participating in ICU rounds. We previously demonstrated that, individually, all professional groups involved in rounds have significant blind spots in recognition of patient safety issues in the el
Microboxes: high performance NFV with customizable, asynchronous TCP stacks and dynamic subscriptions

Existing network service chaining frameworks are based on a "packet-centric" model where each NF in a chain is given every packet for processing. This approach becomes both inefficient and inconvenient for more complex network functions that operate at higher levels of the protocol stack. We propose Microboxes, a novel service chaining abstraction designed to support transport- and application-layer middle-boxes, or even end-system like services. Simply including a TCP stack in an NFV platform is insufficient because there is a wide spectrum of middlebox types-from NFs requiring only simple TCP bytestream reconstruction to full endpoint termination. By exposing a publish/subscribe-based API for NFs to access packets or protocol events as needed, Microboxes eliminates redundant processing across a chain and enables a modular design. Our implementation on a DPDK-based NFV framework can double throughput by consolidating stack operations and provide a 51% throughput gain by customizing TCP processing to the appropriate level.
Advanced Bonding/Joining Techniques

This chapter covers six major bonding and joining techniques including adhesive bonding techniques, lead-free soldering processes, silver–indium bonding processes for high temperature applications, solid-state bonding technology, silver flip-chip interconnect technology, and 10 μm sliver flip-chip joints made by 250 °C solid-state bonding processes.
Multi-Agent Distributed Service Restoration Scheme for Distribution Systems with Embedded Microgrids

This paper presents a multi-agent system (MAS) approach for automated service restoration for futuristic distribution systems with distributed energy resources (with/without microgrid forming capabilities). The proposed algorithm provides an architecture for interchangeable agent roles which is more robust and reliable compared to other approaches with rigid agent roles. The restoration algorithm is greedy (loosely based on distributed Prim's algorithm) to form the largest possible online sections. This helps improving system stability and makes it less susceptible to changing load/demand in the system by aggregation. The performance is demonstrated for a 33–bus distribution system with and without DERs. It is seen that algorithm always results in maximum possible loads be connected.
Leading After-Action Reviews among Emergency Responder Teams: how Perceptions of Leader Behaviors Relate to Proximal and Distal Outcomes

Safety concerns are a critical issue for individuals and teams in high reliability organizations (HROs). As HROs with positive safety climates often have fewer accidents and injuries, understanding which approaches can improve safety climate is paramount. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how leaders’ behavior in after-action reviews (AARs) relates to AAR quality, perceptions of team safety climate, and perceptions of organizational safety climate. We used a sample (N = 89) of firefighters to test the mediation model. Results indicated that AAR leader behaviors focusing on consideration and learning promote positive perceptions of team and organizational safety climate through AAR meeting quality.
Patients With Unilateral Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Have Asymmetrical Hip Muscle Cross-Sectional Area and Compensatory Muscle Changes Associated With Preoperative Pain Level.

Purpose To compare the symptomatic hip muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in patients with unilateral femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with the asymptomatic-side hip muscle CSA and to determine whether correlations exist between the hip muscle CSA and preoperative pain level, preoperative symptom duration, and postoperative function. Methods We performed a retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging data of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy from January 2012 through June 2015 for the treatment of unilateral FAIS and who had a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. A picture archiving and communication system workstation with an embedded region-of-interest tool was used to measure the muscle CSA of both the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides in FAIS patients. One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic hip muscle CSAs. Spearman rank correlations were used to determine relations between the symptomatic-side hip muscle CSA and preoperative pain level, preoperative symptom duration, and multiple validated patient-reported outcomes to quantify the level of function. Results A total of 50 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 34.22 ± 14.12 years, and 64% were women. Specific muscles of the symptomatic hip displaying significantly decreased CSAs compared with the asymptomatic hip included the gluteus maximus (P = .007), gluteus minimus (P = .022), and rectus femoris (P = .028). The tensor fascia lata (ρ = 0.358; P = .011), pectineus (ρ = 0.369, P = .008), adductor longus (ρ = 0.286, P = .044), and obturator externus (ρ = 0.339, P = .016) showed a moderate positive correlation with preoperative pain level on a visual analog scale in unilateral FAIS patients. No associations were found between the symptomatic-side hip muscle CSA in patients with unilateral FAIS and symptom duration or patient-reported function. Conclusions Patients with unilateral FAIS have a significantly decreased muscle CSA in the symptomatic hip compared with the asymptomatic hip. The symptomatic-side hip muscle CSA was correlated with the preoperative pain level on a visual analog scale. The association between the muscle CSA and preoperative pain level may represent a compensatory change in muscle function around the hip joint in patients with unilateral FAIS. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Cache Design for Yield-per-Area Maximization: Switchable Spare Columns with Disabling (SSC-Disable)

Modern SRAMs have high failure rates due to defects and variations, especially during low-voltage operation in low power modes. At high failure rates, a direct application of spare rows and columns approaches incurs high overheads. Since a recent paper [1] says that error correcting codes (ECCs) are the only cost-effective approach under high failure rates, we analyzed the strengths of ECC. This showed that, at high overheads, ECC provides one key advantage: the ability to correct failures in cells in different locations in different rows. To find a low overhead solution, we turn to the Divided Wordline/Bitline (DWL+DBL) [2] approach, a spares-based approach designed to provide exactly this capability. Since DWL+DBL also has high overheads, we develop our ideas for simplifying ECC as well as DWL+DBL and derive our new approach called Switchable Spare Columns (SSC), where a spare column can replace failing cells in different locations in different rows at lower overheads. To further reduce overheads, we propose SSC-Disable, which combines SSC with cache block disabling [3]. We then develop a method to find globally efficient cache designs with SSC or SSC-Disable. This method maximizes yield-per-area (YPA) under user-specified constraints on delay and power overheads. We show that the proposed SSC-Disable approach significantly improves yield compared to state-of-the-art ECC-based approaches.
What is Energy

Energy is behind and within all things that move or that are capable of motion. It alone causes work and change to take place. It is essential for biological existence, for the atmosphere’s warmth which embraces us, for the light by which we see, and for the power by which we move. In fact, even matter itself can be viewed as a form of stored energy.
Reversible hydrogel dynamics by physical–chemical crosslink photoswitching using a supramolecular macrocycle template

Cucurbit[8]uril catalyzes reversible photodimerization of polymer-appended guests, transitioning hydrogel crosslinking from physical to chemical networks. The process of photodimerization is partially reversible, yielding materials with hybrid emergent properties, and which can also be patterned. Accordingly, hydrogels with externally controlled network dynamics are demonstrated.
RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS: USEFUL ELECTRONIC NANOCOMPOSITE STRUCTURES

Abstract The paper will discuss the current status of understanding of the ferroelectric relaxors which are a sub group of the larger family of ferroelectrics with diffuse phase transitions. In the lead magnesium niobate (PMN) and lead scandium tantalate (PST) systems limited B site cation ordering appears to break the long range translational symmetry giving rise to the glass like behavior associated with the freeze out of polar fluctuations. In PMN and PST of major interest is the extent to which the spin glass models can describe the full range of elasto dielectric properties. In the lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) family the symmetry breaking phenomenon is not so clear and new work on the break up of conventional ferroelectricity in the lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) system will be discussed. A wide range of tungsten bronze family materials also exhibit relaxor ferroelectric behavior with unusual freezing behavior and switching capability. In practical application the use of relaxor compositions in capacitor and electrostrictive actuator systems will be highlighted. New used in surface deformable mirrors and in a tilt mirror corrector for the Hubble Space Telescope will be presented.
Community Development Finance and Economic Justice

This chapter reflects on the history of community economic development, community development financial institutions, and their relationship with law and legal scholarship. It describes the robust use of complex legal and financial tools in community development practice today and presents Maine-based Coastal Enterprises Inc. (CEI) as a window into the evolution of the field over the last four decades. Part II traces the wider history and context of community development finance and of the dramatic expansion in tax credit financing. Part III explores the implications of this trend for sustainability and local accountability, underscoring the distinction between community organizing and community development and some distancing of community development from its activist origins. Part IV mines connections between community development practice and the legal academy, from the proliferation of law school transactional clinics to an emergent body of applied scholarship that impacts policy and strategy in community economic development.
Microstructural control of an Al–W aluminum matrix composite during direct laser metal deposition

Abstract This study focuses on the evolution of a design strategy for aluminum matrix composites (AMC) in additive manufacturing, using a mixture of 82 wt % Al and 18 wt % W (82Al–18W). Direct laser metal deposition was used to fabricate and assess the 82Al–18W AMC using three different scanning speeds (12, 6, and 1.5 mm/s). This AMC was examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microhardness measurements. The hardness of the AMC increased by 50% compared to pure aluminum. The AMC showed remarkable densification during processing with uniform distribution of fine intermetallic phases and undissolved W reinforcement in the Al matrix. A notably fine microstructure was observed within the solidified melt pool, developing phases of supersaturated solid solutions of primary α-Al FCC elongated cellular/doublon microstructure in the near edge of the melt pool, and fine cellular/doublon structure in the top of the solidified melt pool. The formation mechanism of the intermetallic (Al12W, Al4W, Al5W) phases during rapid solidification from the melt, and the fine eutectic structure evolving at the outer solid-liquid boundaries of the intercellular/doublon structure that is due to the presence of Ni, and Fe impurities in W is well documented. This communication reports the influence of cooling rate on the solidification structures, stable, and metastable phases observed in the 82Al–18W AMC system activating future alloy design by LMD processing.
Conceptions of Love Across Cultures

Chapter 2 illuminates the diversity of cultural conceptions of love. Despite cross-cultural universality of love, as an all-embracing concept, its specific interpretation differs from culture to culture. These cultural differences definitely reflect on people’s experience and expression of love. The chapter attempts to integrate methodological approaches to the constructions of the concept of love from sociology, psychology, anthropology, and linguistics. Different types of definitions of love and cross-cultural reality of love experience are reviewed. The chapter also emphasizes the role of cultural parameters in culturally diverse conceptions of love and cross-cultural differences in love expressions.
PKC (Protein Kinase C)-δ Modulates AT (Antithrombin) Signaling in Vascular Endothelial Cells.

Objective: Native and latent conformers of AT (antithrombin) induce anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic signaling activities, respectively, in vascular endothelial cells by unknown mechanisms. Synd-...
Influencing factors of expected indwelling tube rate of pediatric peripherally inserted central catheter

目的 研究分析小儿经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管预期带管率的影响因素，为临床治疗及护理提供相关参考。 方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究。选取2013年10月至2015年3月收住本院的血液肿瘤、先心病及重症肺炎患儿200例为对照组，2015年4月至2016年11月收住的罹患上述疾病的患儿180例为试验组，两组患儿入院期间均采取经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管。对对照组患儿影响预期带管率的因素进行分析，提出针对性的改善措施，并将上述措施应用于试验组患儿，两组患儿预期拔管率差异比较。 结果 对照组预期拔管162例81.0%，其中体外导管破损拔管52.6%（20/38）、意外脱管34.2%（13/38）是影响预期带管率的主要因素。试验组预期拔管175例97.2%，其中因体外导管破损拔管60.0%（3/5），意外脱管20.0%（1/5），感染拔管20.0%（1/5）。对照组影响预期拔管事件发生率高于试验组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗期间试验组并发症发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 影响小儿经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管预期带管率的主要因素为体外导管破损和意外脱管，通过调整导管置入深度和体外导管摆放位置有助于提高预期带管率，并减少置管相关并发症。
Anti-fat attitudes and dietary restraint within mother-daughter dyads: an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis

This study examined the association between anti-fat attitudes (fear of fat, dislike of fat, willpower) and dietary restraint within the mother–daughter relationship. Mother–adolescent daughter dyads (Npairs = 100) were recruited from a Midwestern community to participate in a study together. They completed self-report measures of anti-fat attitudes and eating behavior. Data were analyzed with an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Significant actor effects for mothers include fear of fat (b = 0.270, B = 0.319, p < 0.05) and willpower (b = 0.228, B = 0.280, p < 0.05) predicting her own dietary restraint. For daughters, fear of fat (b = 0.554, B = 0.612, p < 0.05) and dislike (b = 0.202, B = 0.214, p < 0.05) predict her own dietary restraint. Regarding partner effects, mothers’ fear of fat was related to daughters’ dietary restraint (b = 0.126, B = 0.138, p < 0.05), and daughters’ dislike was related to mothers’ restraint (b = 0.257, B = 0.294, p < 0.05). Regarding dyad-level interaction effects, mother and daughter fear of fat interacted to predict daughter dietary restraint (b = 0.184, B = 0.201, p < 0.05), such that when both mother and daughter fear of fat is high, daughters appear to engage in more dietary restraint. Given the role of mothers’ fear of fat in daughter eating behavior, parent-focused or parent-involved interventions may improve family culture around weight and eating, contributing to better adolescent outcomes. V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Fossil evidence from South America for the diversification of Cunoniaceae by the earliest Palaeocene.

Background and aims Cunoniaceae are woody plants with a distribution that suggests a complex history of Gondwanan vicariance, long-distance dispersal, diversification and extinction. Only four out of ~27 genera in Cunoniaceae are native to South America today, but the discovery of extinct species from Argentine Patagonia is providing new information about the history of this family in South America. Methods We describe fossil flowers collected from early Danian (early Palaeocene, ~64 Mya) deposits of the Salamanca Formation. We compare them with similar flowers from extant and extinct species using published literature and herbarium specimens. We used simultaneous analysis of morphology and available chloroplast DNA sequences (trnL-F, rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA) to determine the probable relationship of these fossils to living Cunoniaceae and the co-occurring fossil species Lacinipetalum spectabilum. Key results Cunoniantha bicarpellata gen. et sp. nov. is the second species of Cunoniaceae to be recognized among the flowers preserved in the Salamanca Formation. Cunoniantha flowers are pentamerous and complete, the anthers contain in situ pollen, and the gynoecium is bicarpellate and syncarpous with two free styles. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Cunoniantha belongs to crown-group Cunoniaceae among the core Cunoniaceae clade, although it does not have obvious affinity with any tribe. Lacinipetalum spectabilum, also from the Salamanca Formation, belongs to the Cunoniaceae crown group as well, but close to tribe Schizomerieae. Conclusions Our findings highlight the importance of West Gondwana in the evolution of Cunoniaceae during the early Palaeogene. The co-occurrence of C. bicarpellata and L. spectabilum, belonging to different clades within Cunoniaceae, indicates that the diversification of crown-group Cunoniaceae was under way by 64 Mya.
The intervening role of anxiety symptoms in associations between Self-Regulation and prosocial behaviors in U.S. Latino/a college students

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the intervening role of anxiety symptoms in relations between self-regulation and multiple forms of prosocial behaviors in U.S. Latino/a college students. Participants The sample is based on data from a cross-sectional study on college students' health and adjustment. Participants were 249 (62% women; M age =20 years; 86% U.S. born) college students who self-identified as Latino/a. Methods College students self-reported on their self-regulation, anxiety symptoms, and types and targets of prosocial behaviors using online surveys. Path analyses were conducted to test direct and indirect associations among the study variables. Results Self-regulation was directly and indirectly associated with several types of prosocial behaviors via anxiety symptoms. The hypothesized associations also differed by the target of helping. Conclusions Our findings underscore a strengths-based view of the coping and mental health resources that predict positive well-being among U.S. Latino/a college students.
Towards a Comprehensive Understanding and Accurate Evaluation of Societal Biases in Pre-Trained Transformers

The ease of access to pre-trained transformers has enabled developers to leverage large-scale language models to build exciting applications for their users. While such pre-trained models offer convenient starting points for researchers and developers, there is little consideration for the societal biases captured within these model risking perpetuation of racial, gender, and other harmful biases when these models are deployed at scale. In this paper, we investigate gender and racial bias across ubiquitous pre-trained language models, including GPT-2, XLNet, BERT, RoBERTa, ALBERT and DistilBERT. We evaluate bias within pre-trained transformers using three metrics: WEAT, sequence likelihood, and pronoun ranking. We conclude with an experiment demonstrating the ineffectiveness of word-embedding techniques, such as WEAT, signaling the need for more robust bias testing in transformers.
Heat Transfer in Separated Flows

Results of an experimental heat-transfer investigation in regions of separated flow are presented and compared with the theoretical analysis of NACA T N 3792. The average heat transfer for both laminar and turbulent separated boundary layers was found to be from 35 to 50 per cent less than that for equivalent attached boundary layers. The overall scope of the measurements included Mach Numbers from 0.3 to 4.0 and Reynolds Numbers from 1C to 4 X 10. The results for laminar boundary layers agree well with the analysis of T N 3792. The results for turbulent boundary layers, however, disagree considerably. Results of velocity and temperature surveys in the separated turbulent boundary layer are presented and partially explain the discrepancy between the experiments and analysis. The maximum local heat-transfer rates were found to occur in the reattachment region of the separated boundary layers investigated. The effect of transition on heat transfer in the separated laminar boundary layers is described and data showing effects of Mach Number and wall temperature on the transition Reynolds Number of separated laminar flows are also included.
Nuevas vacilaciones sobre el barroco

1) La obra restante es la creacion de un sentido de lo hispanico no ligado a una ideologia de represion y explotaci6n. Se apela al mas alla de una comunidad que los seres humanos s6lo pueden crear rebelandose contra las circunstancias que los esclavizan; tal vez por esta raz6n la escritura latinoamericana lieva la fuerte influencia de G6ngora, ya que comparte con las Soledades la funci6n de buscar una cultura y una sociedad posibles partiendo de la mutilacion que el imperialismo ha infligido en sus pueblos.
Network Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease via MRI Based Shape Diffeomorphometry and High-Field Atlasing.

This paper examines MRI analysis of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in a network of structures within the medial temporal lobe using diffeomorphometry methods coupled with high-field atlasing in which the entorhinal cortex is partitioned into nine subareas. The morphometry markers for three groups of subjects (controls, preclinical AD and symptomatic AD) are indexed to template coordinates measured with respect to these nine subareas. The location and timing of changes are examined within the subareas as it pertains to the classic Braak and Braak staging by comparing the three groups. We demonstrate that the earliest preclinical changes in the population occur in the lateral most sulcal extent in the entorhinal cortex (alluded to as trans entorhinal cortex by Braak and Braak), and then proceeds medially which is consistent with the Braak and Braak staging. We use high field 11T atlasing to demonstrate that the network changes are occurring at the junctures of the substructures in this medial temporal lobe network. Temporal progression of the disease through the network is also examined via changepoint analysis demonstrating earliest changes in entorhinal cortex. The differential expression of rate of atrophy with progression signaling the changepoint time across the network is demonstrated to be signaling in the intermediate caudal subarea of the entorhinal cortex, which has been noted to be proximal to the hippocampus. This coupled to the findings of the nearby basolateral involvement in amygdala demonstrates the selectivity of neurodegeneration in early AD.
Programmable Pattern-Formation and Scale-Independence

This paper presents a programming language for pattern-formation on a surface of locally-interacting, identically-programmed agents, by combining local organization primitives from developmental biology with combination rules from geometry. The approach is significantly different from current approaches to the design of self-organizing systems: the desired global shape is specified using an abstract geometry-based language, and the agent program is directly compiled from the global specification. Using this approach any 2D Euclidean construction can be formed from local-interactions of the agents. The resulting process is extremely reliable in the face of random agent distributions and varying agent numbers. In addition the process is scale-independent, which implies that the pattern scales as the number of agents increases, with no modification of the agent program. The pattern also scales asymmetrically to produce related patterns, such as D’Arcy Thompson’s famous transformations.
Collisional Stellar Dynamics in General Relativity: An Overview

Recently, Israel and Kandrup (1984; Kandrup 1984 a,b,c,d) have formulated a new, manifestly covariant approach to non-equilibrium statistical mechanics in classical general relativity. The object here is to indicate how that formalism may be used to construct a theory of ‘collisional’ stellar dynamics, valid for a collection of point mass stars in the limit that incoherent radiative effects may be neglected.
Electromechanical nonlinearity of ferroelectric ceramics and 90 degrees domain wall motions

By using an optical interferometer and other more conventional methods, the responses of piezoelectric and dielectric coefficients of lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramics to AC electric fields have been directly investigated. The experimental results demonstrate the importance of electromechanical nonlinearities present in the ferroelectric ceramics. A phenomenological theory, based on a model of G Arlt et al. (1987), has been extended to describe the extrinsic contribution to piezoelectric, elastic, and dielectric coefficients. This can be attributed to both the linear and nonlinear vibrations of 90 degrees domain walls in tetragonally distorted ferroelectric ceramics. The proposed theory shows qualitative agreement with the experimental results. >
Partitioning and Assignment of Distributed Object Applications Incorporating Object Replication and Caching

Partitioning of distributed object applications, and task assignment for classical distributed systems, addresses a fundamental problem in client-server and n-tier systems: determining the machine (from high-end servers to tier-0 devices) on which each object should be placed and executed for best overall performance of the application. Traditionally, techniques for automated partitioning have employed a graph-based model of the application being partitioned. In order to remain realistic and effective, these techniques must be extended to incorporate notions of object replication, caching, and synchronization protocols for maintaining consistency.
Monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens of a pathogenic Mycoplasma hominis strain.

Abstract Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against an arthritogenic strain of Mycoplasma hominis isolated from the joint aspirates of a patient with chronic septic arthritis. Immunoblots of polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresed proteins before and after surface proteolysis showed that the predominant antigenic determinants were on surface-exposed polypeptides. These polypeptides have extensive hydrophobic characteristics, as demonstrated by Triton X-114 phase partitioning. The electrophoresed proteins from cells grown in medium containing [14C]palmitate were blotted onto nitrocellulose which was both reacted with the MAbs and exposed to X-ray film. Superimposable bands on both the immunoblots and the exposed film suggested that the proteins might be acylated. The MAbs were further tested for reactivity with 16 other strains of M. hominis isolated from patients with septic arthritis (1 strain), septicemia (10 strains), or nongonococcal urethritis (1 strain); from the cervix (1 strain), rectum (1 strain), or surgical wound (1 strain) of patients; and from a contaminated cell culture. No single protein was consistently recognized from strain to strain, although a 94-kDa protein from 16 of the 17 strains tested was bound by at least one of the MAbs. The apparent antigenic heterogeneity among strains of M. hominis, including those isolated from the same tissue source and/or from patients with the same type of clinical disease, might be misleading in that all strains express epitopes associated with a discrete number of proteins to which one, two, or all three MAbs bind. The expression of the epitopes on multiple proteins from the same or different strains may reflect a mechanism for generating antigenic diversity.
Prospective comparison of parent and adolescent report of health-related quality of life in adolescent solid organ transplant recipients.

This 18-month prospective investigation sought to examine changes in HRQOL over time for adolescent solid organ transplant recipients. Additionally, this study examined the relationship between adolescent and parent report of HRQOL and compared parent report of HRQOL to published normative data. Forty-eight adolescent-parent dyads completed the CHQ, a measure of HRQOL, at two time periods. Parent and adolescent reports of HRQOL were stable over time. ICCs between parent and adolescent reports were significant and moderate across most domains of HRQOL, with the exception of family cohesion, physical functioning, and bodily pain. However, mean differences indicated that parents perceived significantly worse self-esteem and general health perceptions compared to their adolescents. Compared to normative data, parents reported significantly lower HRQOL across several domains, including adolescents physical functioning and the emotional impact of their adolescents condition on themselves. How- ever, parents also reported higher levels of family cohesion. Results indicate that assessment of HRQOL for transplant recipients should include multiple reporters and that HRQOL as reported by adolescents and parents is generally stable over time without intervention. Further research is needed to understand factors related to differential HRQOL outcomes.
Identification of hospitalizations for intentional self-harm when E-codes are incompletely recorded

CONTEXT: Suicidal behavior has gained attention as an adverse outcome of prescription drug use. Hospitalizations for intentional self-harm, including suicide, can be identified in administrative claims databases using external cause of injury codes (E-codes). However, rates of E-code completeness in US government and commercial claims databases are low due to issues with hospital billing software. OBJECTIVE: To develop an algorithm to identify intentional self-harm hospitalizations using recorded injury and psychiatric diagnosis codes in the absence of E-code reporting. METHODS: We sampled hospitalizations with an injury diagnosis (ICD-9 800-995) from two databases with high rates of E-coding completeness: 1999-2001 British Columbia, Canada data and the 2004 US Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Our gold standard for intentional self-harm was a diagnosis of E950-E958. We constructed algorithms to identify these hospitalizations using information on type of injury and presence of specific psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS: The algorithm that identified intentional self-harm hospitalizations with high sensitivity and specificity was a diagnosis of poisoning, toxic effects, open wound to elbow, wrist, or forearm, or asphyxiation; plus a diagnosis of depression, mania, personality disorder, psychotic disorder, or adjustment reaction. This had a sensitivity of 63%, specificity of 99% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 86% in the Canadian database. Values in the US data were 74, 98, and 73%. PPV was highest (80%) in patients under 25 and lowest those over 65 (44%). CONCLUSIONS : The proposed algorithm may be useful for researchers attempting to study intentional self-harm in claims databases with incomplete E-code reporting, especially among younger populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Anticancer Drug Therapy in the Older Cancer Patient: Pharmacology and Polypharmacy

Older patients currently are the largest group of oncology patients and their numbers will continue to expand. There has been minimal participation of older patients in clinical trials. This has resulted in a lack of data to make high-level evidence-based decisions with regard to chemotherapy. There has now been a number of clinical trials which have given information with regard to age-related changes and the spectrum of toxicity that occurs with older patients. There is also an expanding literature on organ dysfunction. The overall data seem to indicate that there are a very few age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy. The small changes that are present have not been clinically significant. It seems that the pattern of toxicity is more reflective of patient selection (functional status, performance status), comorbidity, and drug scheduling. The large number of drugs with significant renal excretion requires careful evaluation of renal function. Future clinical trial design needs to be adapted to older patients. Therefore, drugs, which will be primarily used by older patients, should be studied in older patients. These studies should involve pharmacokinetics, and oral therapies should include measurements of compliance. Phase II trials of new agents should consider prospectively dividing groups of patients by age (i.e., or=75 years). Phase I trials should consider accruing older patients. The studies can be performed in the older group by using progressive degrees of functional impairment and increasing comorbidity as a surrogate for dose limiting toxicity. Functional independence as a clinical benefit of cancer treatment in older individuals should be considered as an endpoint. Overall survival may not be an appropriate endpoint in clinical trials in the oldest group. Clinical trials should consider studying long-term functional and medical consequences of cancer treatment in long-term older cancer survivors. Journal editors should encourage the inclusion of age-related analyses in the reporting of clinical trials to provide meaningful information for clinicians caring for older patients. Ideally, the clinical trial design should prospectively incorporate age analysis to maximize clinical benefit of data generated. A careful assessment of medication used in older patients needs to be part of routine evaluation to minimize the adverse effects of polypharmacy.
Bayesian Techniques to Quantify Parameter and Model Uncertainty for a Macro-Fiber Composite Model

Abstract Piezoceramic-based Macro-Fiber Composites (MFCs) are cost-competitive and highly efficient actuators/sensors that are currently being considered for aerospace, aeronautic, automotive, and industrial applications. Due to the constituent lead zirconate titanate (PZT) material, MFCs exhibit constitutive nonlinearities and hysteresis that must be characterized in models to achieve their full capability. A modeling framework for a flexible structure with MFC actuators operating in hysteretic regimes was recently introduced to quantify a range of rate-dependent hysteretic behavior (Hu et al., 2013). In that work, the homogenized energy model (HEM) for ferroelectric hysteresis was combined with Euler-Bernoulli theory to construct a dynamic MFC model. The HEM facilitates efficient implementation, which is important for quantitative model comparisons with data and real-time model-based control. A Bayesian framework was employed to quantify the uncertainty that model and measurement errors imbue upon parameters. It was revealed that some of the model parameters are highly correlated. In this paper, we will use the newly introduced framework to investigate the uncertainty of the model response. The parameter uncertainty will be propagated through the model using a sampling method to quantify the uncertainty associated with model predictions for various operating regimes. Response uncertainties quantified in this manner can be subsequently incorporated in control techniques such as sliding mode designs to improve stabilization and tracking capabilities of robust control algorithms.
Quantum vortex microscope for observing two-dimensional vortex dynamics in bose-einstein condensates

We have demonstrated in-situ detection of two-dimensional vortex distributions in a single-component Bose-Einstein condensate. We discuss development of the next generation quantum vortex microscope and implications for observations of superfluid dynamics.
Determining the specificity of protein–DNA interactions

Proteins, such as many transcription factors, that bind to specific DNA sequences are essential for the proper regulation of gene expression. Identifying the specific sequences that each factor binds can help to elucidate regulatory networks within cells and how genetic variation can cause disruption of normal gene expression, which is often associated with disease. Traditional methods for determining the specificity of DNA-binding proteins are slow and laborious, but several new high-throughput methods can provide comprehensive binding information much more rapidly. Combined with in vivo determinations of transcription factor binding locations, this information provides more detailed views of the regulatory circuitry of cells and the effects of variation on gene expression.
Transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis: Sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging

The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients who undergo transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis is not known. We prospectively evaluated 24 patients with known HCC who underwent MRI and subsequent transplantation within 60 days (mean, 20 days). Using a phased-array coil at 1.5T, breath-hold turbo STIR and T2-weighted MR images were performed. Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI was performed using a two- or three-dimensional gradient echo pulse sequence with images obtained in the hepatic arterial, portal venous, and equilibrium phases. The prospective interpretation of the MR study was directly compared with thin-section pathology evaluation of the explanted livers. All 24 patients had at least one HCC, and MR diagnosed tumor in 21 (88%) of these patients. On a lesion-by-lesion basis, MRI depicted 39 of 118 HCC for an overall sensitivity of 33%. MRI detected five (100%) of five lesions >5 cm, 20 (100%) of 20 lesions >2 cm but not exceeding 5 cm, 11 (52%) of 21 lesions between 1 and 2 cm, and three (4%) of 72 lesions <1 cm. Of the nine patients with carcinomatosis (innumerable lesions less than 1 cm), MR detected three lesions in one patient. Of the 15 dysplastic nodules found at pathology, MRI depicted a single 1.8-cm high-grade lesion, for a sensitivity of 7%. In conclusion, MRI is sensitive for the detection of HCC measuring at least 2 cm in diameter but is insensitive for the diagnosis of small HCC (<2 cm) and carcinomatosis.
Auditory registration without learning

In 3 studies, the authors explore how repeated exposure to a spoken word affects memory for perceptual attributes associated with the word (such as a talker's voice or a word's plurality). Subjects heard a list of words; particular words were repeated differing numbers of times. At test, subjects estimated the frequency of each word, with instructions to give frequency judgments of "zero" to words with changed attributes. The experiments demonstrate that memory for perceptual attributes improves very little after the first few repetitions, although word memory continues to improve. The experiments extend the registration without learning effect (D. L. Hintzman, T. Curran, & B. Oppy, 1992) to auditory words, to complex attributes (voice), and to conditions of low and high stimulus variability (two or many voices).