cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rheology and viscosity scaling of the polyelectrolyte xanthan gum

The viscosity as a function of concentration for xanthan gum in both salt-free solution and in 50 mM NaCl is measured and compared with a scaling theory for polyelectrolytes. In general, the zero shear rate viscosity and the degree of shear thinning increase with polymer concentration. In addition, shear thinning was observed in the dilute regime in both solvents. In salt-free solution, four concentration regimes of viscosity scaling and three associated critical concentrations were observed (c* ≈ 70 ppm, c e ≈ 400 ppm, and c D ≈ 2000 ppm). In salt solution, only three concentration regimes and two critical concentrations were observed (c* ≈ 200 ppm and c e ≈ 800 ppm). In the presence of salt, the polymer chain structure collapses and occupies much less space resulting in higher values of the critical concentrations. The observed viscosity-concentration scaling is in very good agreement with theory in the semidilute unentangled and semidilute entangled regimes in both salt-free and 50 mM NaCl solution.
The Voldemort of Imperial History: Rethinking Empire and US History

Frederick Jackson Turner (1861–1932), the American historian known for devising the “Frontier Thesis,” said that the United States was “an empire” and that expansion was the driving force of the nation's history (Colley 2006:373). Despite this assertion by so prominent an American intellectual, Colley points out that US imperialism is generally still only seen to operate in a very “narrow” sense, namely “in terms of overseas activities” (Colley 2006:373). One consequence of this historical myopia is that the nation, at least until the late nineteenth-century conflict with Spain, seems to have escaped association with empire. This paper examines how and why this is the case. It does so by focusing upon a method of expansion often overlooked when examining US history, namely that the nation attained a great deal of its territory not just by warfare but also through purchase or lease. Thus, this work suggests that the United States' association with empire is far more profound than many acknowledge. In doing so, it also draws attention to an understudied colonial process that has profound implications for Westphalian conceptions of sovereignty, empire, and international order.
Weakly Elliptic Systems with Obstacle Constraints III. Complex Eigenvalues and Singular Systems

Using traditional methods, especially that of eigenfunction expansions combined with the penalty method, sharp conditions are given for the existence of solutions to general weakly elliptic linear N×N second order systems subjected to obstacle type constraints. The result applies to systems with defining coefficient matrices A and B having complex eigenvalues as well as to the case of singular systems—a situation not well treated in the literature. These conditions are placed on the matrix pencil Aλ−B. The effectiveness of the result is then tested on some examples, first in control theory and then for the systems that arise in Part II of this series (D. R. Adams, 2000, J. Geom. Anal.10, 375–412).
Experimental testing of an off-road instrumented tire on soft soil

Abstract This study enhances the understanding of pneumatic tire–soft soil interaction through experimental work designed to investigate the effect of individual and combinations of tire/soil parameters on the tire/soil behavior. Its outcomes provide significant information to tire manufacturers, to users (for operating conditions selection), and to researchers (for modeling parameters and validation data). To support the development of the Hybrid Soft Soil Tire Model (HSSTM), funded by the Automotive Research Center (ARC), experimental work has been performed on the Terramechanics Rig at AVDL. Although separate publications detail the HSSTM, a short description of the model and its capabilities is also included here. The rig provides a well-controlled environment and ensures repeatable testing conditions. A wireless sensory system that measures tire deflection has been developed and employed for accurate estimation of wheel sinkage. The data collected indicated that, by increasing the soil compaction or the normal load, or by decreasing the inflation pressure results in a higher normalized drawbar pull. The combined effect of increase in soil compaction and decrease in inflation pressure yields an even higher normalized drawbar pull. The sinkage increased dramatically with the slip ratio, growing to values 3–4 times larger at high slip versus lower slip ratios.
Regulation of Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor MITF Protein Levels by Association with the Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme hUBC9

The basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLH/ZIP) microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) regulates transcription of genes encoding enzymes essential for melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelial cells. To determine how MITF activity is regulated, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins expressed by human melanoma cells that interact with MITF. The majority of clones that showed positive interaction with a 158-amino-acid region of MITF containing the bHLH/ZIP domain (aa 168-325) encoded the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme hUBC9. The association of MITF with hUBC9 was further confirmed by an in vitro GST pull-down assay. Although hUBC9 is known to interact preferentially with SENTRIN/SUMO1, in vitro transcription/translation analysis demonstrated greater association of MITF with ubiquitin than with SENTRIN. Importantly, cotransfection of MITF and hUBC9 expression vectors resulted in MITF protein degradation. MITF protein was stabilized by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, indicating the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in MITF degradation. Serine 73, which is located in a region rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine (PEST), regulates MITF protein stability, since a serine to alanine mutation prevented hUBC9-mediated MITF (S73A) degradation. Furthermore, we identified lysine 201 as a potential ubiquitination site. A lysine to arginine mutation abolished MITF (K201R) degradation by hUBC9 in vivo. Our experiments indicate that by targeting MITF for proteasome degradation, hUBC9 is a critical regulator of melanocyte differentiation.
A technique to measure afterpulse probabilities in InGaAs SPADs at nanosecond time scales with sub-picoCoulomb avalanche charge

We adapt a previously-demonstrated gating technique for InGaAs SPADs to enable double-bias-pulse measurements of afterpulsing at nanosecond time scales with gate durations down to 500 ps. We present preliminary results for afterpulse probabilities below 10 ns, time scales comparable to those in the self-differencing technique, and show that afterpulse probabilities low enough to support reliable counting above 100 MHz can be observed.
An agent-based Web service workflow model for inter-enterprise collaboration

Abstract The service-orientated computing paradigm is transforming traditional workflow management from a close and centralized control system into a worldwide dynamic business process. A complete workflow serving inter-enterprise collaboration should include both internal processes and ad hoc external processes. This paper presents an agent-based workflow model to address this challenge. In the proposed model, agent-based technology provides the workflow coordination at both inter- and intra-enterprise levels while Web service-based technology provides infrastructures for messaging, service description and workflow enactment. A proof-of-concept prototype system simulating the order entry, partner search and selection, and contracting in a virtual enterprise creation scenario is implemented to demonstrate the dynamic workflow definition and execution for inter-enterprise collaboration.
Sidama Agro-Pastoralism and Ethnobiological Classification of its Primary Plant, Enset (Ensete ventricosum)

Quinlan, MB; Quinlan, RJ and Dira, SJ. (2014). Sidama Agro-Pastoralism and Ethnobiological Classification of its Primary Plant, Enset (Ensete ventricosum). Ethnobiology Letters 5:116-125. DOI: 10.14237/ebl.5.2014.222.
Differential nipple attachment by the neonatal rat

By 12 hours of life, rat pups attach faster to females similar in lactational age to their own mothers than to females whose lactational ages differ. This attachment pattern correlates with morphological and possible olfactory differences in the nipples of the test mothers, demonstrating the existence of a synchrony between the mother rat and her young during the early postnatal hours. By 10 days of age the pup's deprivational status and its day-night cycle influence its attachment pattern to the different test mothers.
The Missing Dynamic: Corporations, Individuals and Contracts

There are two opposing views on the nature of corporations in contemporary debates on corporate social responsibility. Opponents of corporate personhood hold that a corporation is nothing but a group of individuals coming together to achieve certain goals. On the other hand, the advocates of corporate personhood believe that corporations are persons in their own right existing over and above the individuals who comprise them. They talk of corporate decision-making structures that help translate individual decisions and actions into corporate decisions and actions. Importantly both the advocates and the opponents of corporate personhood rely on a contractual model of corporate–social interaction to explain corporate social responsibilty. However, this contractual model misses crucial aspects of the relationship between corporations and societies. Economic history reveals that the relationship between corporations and societies is essentially dynamic and heterogeneous and so extremely difficult to characterise in terms of a contract. The economic and the political aspects of this relationship are so finely intertwined with each other and it is impossible to extricate the one from the other. We need to be more conscious of the actual nature of corporate–social interaction in order to deal more comprehensively with issues of corporate social responsibility.
Magnetization on Vicinal Ferromagnetic Surfaces

Using Ising model Monte Carlo simulations, we show a strong dependence of surface magnetization on surface miscut angle. For ferromagnetic surfaces, when surface spin exchange coupling is larger than that of the bulk, the surface magnetic ordering temperature decreases, toward the bulk Curie temperature, with increasing miscut angle; when surface spin exchange coupling is smaller than that of the bulk, a crossover behavior occurs: at low temperature, the surface magnetization decreases with increasing miscut angle; at high temperature, the reverse is true.
OLIVEROS VIRUS : A NOVEL ARENAVIRUS FROM ARGENTINA

Abstract During the past few decades several newly recognized rodent-borne arenaviruses have been shown to be associated with severe hemorrhagic fever cases in South America. Changes in ecology and farming practices throughout the region have increased the concern over the potential public health threat posed by such emerging virus diseases. Oliveros (OLV) virus is a recently discovered arenavirus of the rodent Bolomys obscurus in Argentina. Genetic analysis of the small genomic RNA segment, which encodes the nucleocapsid protein and the envelope glycoproteins, shows that Oliveros is a novel, phylogenetically distinct member of the Arenaviridae family which differs in nucleotide sequence from the previously characterized members by approximately 35% or more. Despite this level of diversity, OLV virus possesses the same ambisense genome structure and many overall RNA and protein features in common with other arenaviruses. These data represent an important first step in the development of specific immunological and PCR diagnostic reagents to allow assessment of the prevalence and disease potential of this virus.
The impact of floc size on respiration inhibition by soluble toxicants—a comparative investigation

Activated sludge facilities are susceptible to upset by shock loads of toxic compounds. We hypothesized that floc size plays an important role in determining the sensitivity of mixed liquor to shock by cadmium and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). To test this hypothesis, heterotrophic respiration inhibition experiments were conducted using mixed liquor from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) and full-scale activated sludge (FSAS) facility with gravity settling secondary clarifiers that were operated under similar process conditions. MBR mixed liquor flocs were both 41% smaller and 2 and 1.25 times more sensitive to equivalent soluble cadmium and DNP concentrations, respectively, compared to FSAS mixed liquor flocs. Similarly, FSAS mixed liquor that had been sheared (resulting in a smaller average floc diameter) was 1.5 times more sensitive to soluble cadmium than non-sheared FSAS mixed liquor. These results suggest that activated sludge process conditions that create smaller floc particles, such as the use of membranes for liquid-solid separation, are more susceptible to upset events caused by shock loads of cadmium and DNP. The particle size distribution (PSD) and average floc diameter of a mixed liquor suspension should be measured and reported when stating the inhibition concentration of a specific toxicant.
Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of a Digital Version of the Visual Analog Scale for Measuring Pain Intensity

cumferential measurements taken at the wrist and mid-aspect of proximal phalanx of each digit, grip strength (starting at five weeks), hand size (figure-of-eight method), active finger flexion and extension, and evaluation for signs of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Circumferential measurements are adjusted using measurements of the contralateral side. Significant differences between outcomes in the glove and control groups are tested using Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Results: Treatment groups were statistically similar with respect to gender, age, pain, and fracture classification at baseline. Two weeks postoperatively, pain, functionality, and flexibility were similar between the two groups; however, subjects in the glove group exhibited significantly less edema compared to controls, as evidenced by smaller adjusted hand size and circumferential measurements. Five weeks post-operatively, subjects in the glove group reported significantly less pain than controls (glove: mean5 1.3, SD5 1.2; control: mean 5 3.6, SD 5 2.2; p 5 0.0008). DASH scores of glove subjects were lower than controls, indicating greater functionality (glove: mean 5 36.9, SD5 21.2; control: mean5 51.2, SD 5 21.2; p 5 0.05). Furthermore, a significantly larger proportion of patients in the glove grouphad regained full flexion, compared to controls (13 gloves versus 8 controls, p 5 0.02). Glove subjects continued to experience less swelling compared to controls. Among controls, four patients have been diagnosed with post-traumatic CTS and three with CRPS, compared to one glove subject. Conclusion: Glove subjects experience less edema throughout the immobilization period, compared to controls. While no statistically significant differences were observed two weeks post-operatively, subjects who wore a compression glove reported less pain, improved functionality, and demonstrated greater flexibility than controls at five weeks. Preliminary results suggest that glove patients may have lower incidence of CTS and CRPS than patients who do not wear a compression glove.
High-temperature creep of Mt. Burnet Dunite

Abstract A series of creep experiments were performed on Mt. Burnet Dunite, including stress relaxation and the incremental (stepped) variation of temperature and stress on a single sample. The steady-state flow behavior is given by the equation: e s = 1.9 · 10 10 [sinh( σ 3.50 )] 3.00 ± 0.20 exp(− Q RT ) where es is the steady-state strain rate in sec−1, and σ is the uniaxial compressive stress in kbar. Q is 93.8 ± 2.8 kcal/mole for dunite deformed in a hydrous environment, and Q is about 126 kcal/mole for dunite deformed in an anhydrous environment. The other coefficients in the above equation appear to be insensitive to sample water content, based on limited data. Water thus seems to affect the strain rate primarily through its effect on the activation energy. The activation energy and stress exponent appear to be about the same in transient creep as in steady-state creep. Ductile faulting, characterized by narrow to wide shear zones and gradual stress drops, is prevalent in the samples. This phenomenon may be similar to that occurring in deep-focus earthquakes.
Cortical connections of striate and extrastriate visual areas in tree shrews

The ipsilateral and contralateral cortical connections of visual cortex of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) were investigated by placing restricted injections of fluorochrome tracers, wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase, or biotinylated dextran amine into area 17 (V1), area 18 (V2), or the adjoining temporal dorsal area (TD). As previously reported, V1 was characterized by a widespread, patchy pattern of intrinsic connections; ipsilateral connections with V2, TD, and to a lesser extent, other areas of the temporal cortex; and contralateral connections with V1, V2, and TD. A surface-view of the myelin pattern in V1 revealed a patchwork of light and dark module-like regions. The ipsilateral connections with V2 and TD were roughly topographic, whereas heterotopic locations in V1 were callosally connected. Injections in V2 labeled as much as one third of V2 in a patchy pattern, and portions of ipsilateral V1 and TD in roughly topographic patterns. In addition, connections with several other visual areas in the temporal lobe were revealed. Contralaterally, most of the label was in V2, with some in V1 and TD. Injections in TD demonstrated connections within the region, and with adjoining portions of the temporal cortex, V2, and V1. There were sparse connections with an oval of densely myelinated cortex, which we have termed the temporal inferior area (TI). Callosal connections were concentrated in TD, but also included V2. The results provide further evidence for modular organizations within V1 and V2, and reveal for the first time the complete patterns of cortical connections of V2 and TD. The results are consistent with the proposal that at least three visual areas, the temporal anterior area, TA, the temporal dorsal area, TD, and the temporal posterior area, TP, exist along the rostrolateral border of V2 in tree shrews; suggest visual involvement of at least three other areas, the temporal inferior area, TI, the temporal anterior lateral area, and the temporal posterior inferior area located more ventrally in the temporal cortex; and fortify the conclusion that TD is the likely homologue of the middle temporal visual area of primates. Because tree shrews are considered close relatives of primates, the evidence for several visual areas along the border of V2 is more compatible with theories that propose a series of visual areas along V2 in primates, rather than a single visual area, V3.
Effect of chlorine on redox and adsorption characteristics of Mo/Si:Ti catalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

Abstract A series of 10%Mo/Si:Ti = 1:1 catalysts modified with chlorine (Cl/Mo = 0.1–2.0) were studied with regard to their activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. The effect of chlorine on the redox and adsorption characteristics and, in turn, on the catalytic performance has been investigated. From X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction and electron spin resonance experiments, it was seen that the addition of chlorine could optimize the redox characteristics of surface molybdena species, i.e. depress the reduction potential of Mo6+, resulting in increased selectivity for ethylene. Temperature-programmed desorption following ethane adsorption showed an increased ease of ethylene desorption from the surface. TPRxn DRIFTS experiments after ethane adsorption, which pointed to a stronger interaction of ethane with the catalyst and increased surface olefinic species suggest that chlorine cannot only affect the further reaction of ethylene over MoOx catalysts, but also change the interaction of the catalyst with ethane, altering ethane activation steps.
Phonon spectroscopy. I. Spectral distribution of a phonon pulse

A vibronic-sideband spectrometer has been developed capable of resolving the spectral, spatial, and temporal evolution of a phonon distribution propagating in a solid. As a first application of the spectrometer, a determination has been achieved of the spectral distribution of a phonon pulse which has been generated by Joule heating in a metal film and which has crossed an interface between the film and a crystalline solid. The spectral distribution observed at low electrical input power agrees with existing theory, but the agreement becomes progressively worse as the input power exceeds 12 W/${\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$. In order to account for the experimental results an empirical frequency-dependent filtering action is defined, which hinders the transport into the crystal of phonons with frequencies above 1 THz. It is shown that a more complete treatment of the phonon transport would have to assay the effects in the heater film of umklapp processes, of the breakdown of the deformation-potential model of electron-phonon coupling, of phonon decay, and the effect of the frequency dependence of interface mismatch. The phonon spectrometer has a wider applicability than demonstrated in this paper and in the paper immediately following. The main characteristics, and limitations, of the spectrometer are discussed in some detail.
Organizational learning: a critical component to new product development

Investigates the functional relationship between organizational learning and the new product development process. The two major learning styles studied included Duetero and Non‐Duetero. After surveying key employees involved in new product development from 212 diversified businesses, the results showed that businesses employing Duetero learning were more: knowledgeable about the factors that drive successful and failed products; inclined to establish business goals and employ balanced measures when benchmarking new product performance. All of which suggests that organizational learning does impact new product performance, and should be considered a critical component to the NPD process.
An Exploratory Study of Organizing Structures for Post-Implementation ERP

How to organize for post-implementation support of an ERP system is a key issue for research and practice. Specifically, what happens to subject matter experts (SME), who are invaluable contributors to the success of ERP installations? Their knowledge of business practices and system processes are critical to configuring enterprise systems. Once the system is installed, should they become permanent members of an ERP team, resulting in a more centralized post-implementation support organization? Or, should they be returned to their functional roles, but still assist in enhancements, thereby forming a decentralized or hybrid post-implementation support organization?We frame these issues as a question of organizational structure, i.e. whether to centralize a functional support organization or to employ a distributed model with subject matter experts working on future ERP efforts from their roles in the various functional departments supported by the systems. In accordance with contingency theory, such choices should align with an organization's goals and measures of success. This research reports on the findings from survey research with 65 organizations concerning their post-implementation support decisions and prioritization of their goals and measures of success. The findings and questions for future research are discussed.
Efficient STFT approximation using a quantization and differencing method

A class of algorithms for efficiently computing approximations to the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of any given signal is introduced. These algorithms may be classified in accordance with the number of quantization levels they use to represent the values in each short-time frame of the input signal. The structure and properties of these algorithms are illustrated through a specific case which uses a three-level quantization in each frame. Results obtained by applying an implementation of the three-level algorithm to musical and speech signals are also presented. The resulting approximations conform to the theoretical expectations of a 9-dB SNR in the STFT approximations. However, these approximations are found to require an order-of-magnitude-less computation than fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithms for the exact STFT. >
Choosing for Others as Continuing a Life Story: The Problem of Personal Identity Revisited

Philosophically, the most interesting objection to the reliance on advance directives to guide treatment decisions for formerly competent patients is the argument from the loss of personal identity. Starting with a psychological continuity theory of personal identity, the argument concludes that the very conditions that bring an advance directive into play may destroy the conditions necessary for personal identity, and so undercut the authority of the directive. In this article, I concede that if the purpose of a theory of personal identity is to provide an answer to the question What is it for a person to persist over time?, then reflection on personal identity poses a potentially serious threat to the moral authority of advance directives. However, as Marya Schechtman observes, questions about how a single person persists through change are not what most of us are interested in when we think about who a person is. Rather, we are interested in what it means to say that a particular set of actions, experiences, and characteristics is that of a given person rather than someone else.
Commentary about the Terrorist Acts of September 11, 2001 Posttraumatic Reactions and Related Social and Policy Issues

Like many people in the United States and internationally, the author was profoundly affected by the terrorist attacks on September 11th and the massive deaths in New York City, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania. The unprecedented numbers of innocents murdered and the massive media coverage combined to form an extraordinarily indelible imprint on hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The objectives of this commentary are to identify (a) the range of normal and expectable reactions to the acts that have been and are being experienced by millions of Americans--and especially those who were distant from the trauma sites, and (b) the relationship between people's personal reactions to the acts and several related social and national policy issues and choices Americans are facing. The author offers this from his perspectives as a proud third-generation Syrian American, Vietnam veteran, social worker, and someone with a long-standing involvement in the field of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Does Studying Economics Inhibit Cooperation

F rom the perspective of many economists, motives other than self-interest are peripheral to the main thrust of human endeavor, and we indulge them at our peril. In Gordon Tullock's (1976) words (as quoted by Mansbridge, 1990, p. 12), "the average human being is about 95 percent selfish in the narrow sense of the term." In this paper we investigate whether exposure to the self-interest model commonly used in economics alters the extent to which people behave in self-interested ways. The paper is organized into two parts. In the first, we report the results of several empirical studies-some our own, some by others -that suggest economists behave in more self-interested ways. By itself, this evidence does not demonstrate that exposure to the self-interest model causes more self-interested behavior, since it may be that economists were simply more self-interested to begin with, and this difference was one reason they chose to study economics. In the second part of the paper, we present preliminary evidence that exposure to the self-interest model does in fact encourage self-interested behavior.
Synthesis and vascular actions of an arachidonic acid ethylene-diamino-triethyl-ester (AA-EDTA) derivative.

Abstract An ethylene-diamino-triethyl-ester derivative of arachidonic acid (AA-EDTA) was newly synthetized and tested for its coronary vasoactivity in isolated perfused cat coronary arteries. This arachidonic acid analog exerted a coronary vasodilator effect and significantly antagonized the coronary vasoconstrictor effect of LTD 4 . The constrictor response to the thromboxane analog carbocyclic thromboxane A 2 was unaffected by AA-EDTA. These properties of AA-EDTA may be useful in counteracting the vasoconstrictor influence of leukotrienes in situations such as coronary artery vasospasm.
On the dynamics of plastic circular plates

The paper is concerned with the dynamics of a thin circular plate made of a plastic-rigid material that obeys the yield condition ofTresca and the associated flow rule. The basic equations are established in the case of rotational symmetry, and their complete solution is given for a simply supported plate subjected to a uniformly distributed load which is brought on suddenly and, after a certain time interval, removed suddenly.
Shared territories: An element of culturally sensitive practice

Culturally sensitive practice is expected of all professionals whether working domestically or internationally. This essay explores concepts relative to such practice, specifically discussing ‘shared
Margins for Error and Sensitivity: What Nozick Might Have Said

Timothy Williamson has provided damaging counterexamples to Robert Nozick’s sensitivity principle. The examples are based on Williamson’s anti-luminosity arguments, and they show how knowledge requires a margin for error that appears to be incompatible with sensitivity. I explain how Nozick can rescue sensitivity from Williamson’s counterexamples by appeal to a specific conception of the methods by which an agent forms a belief. I also defend the proposed conception of methods against Williamson’s criticisms.
Preventing Youth Incarceration through Reading Remediation: Issues and Solutions.

The majority of court-involved youths have experienced academic failure, school exclusion, and dropout. Researchers have identified factors that increase a youth's risk for court involvement and incarceration. The risk factors include individual, family, community, peer, and school factors. Researchers actually have identified specific school-based policies and practices that may exacerbate the risks for delinquent behavior and incarceration among youths. For example, many incarcerated youths have failed to learn to read. The fact that youths who have deficits in reading are disproportionately represented in correctional institutions suggests that the juvenile justice system has become the default system for many youths who have reading problems. This article describes factors that put youths at risk for incarceration, discusses factors that protect youths from delinquency and incarceration, examines the specific protective factor of reading remediation, and offers recommendations to school-based personne...
On Maxwell models in viscoelasticity that are more computable

Maxwell models for the flow of viscoelastic fluids are not usually computable unless the dimensionless relaxation time is small. Problems with numerical instabilities arise. A new approach is presented that alleviates this problem. In this new approach, a viscous term is added which has the effect of regularizing the model. By an appeal to the kinetic theory of gases and turbulence, it is shown that this addition can be formally justified. The regularization comes from changing the constitutive equation type from purely hyperbolic to a mix that is largely parabolic and makes the model more computable. This can also alleviate the problem with specifying boundary conditions. The prospects for future research in viscoelastic fluids are thoroughly discussed.
SU‐E‐J‐72: Shift Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) Based Image Stitching for Panoramic Cone Beam CT (CBCT)

Purpose: Panoramic CBCT is a novel imaging technique that stitches together projection images from multiple views to increase the imaging volume to as large as practically needed using half (200 degree gantry rotation) scans only. In this study, we investigated a SIFT‐based method to improve the accuracy of image stitching for panoramic CBCT. Methods: Panoramic CBCT data were acquired for a torso phantom using two half scans: (A) the detector at the center position and (B) the detector shifted 148mm toward the right side of the phantom. For each projection image of scan A, a corresponding projection image of the same gantry angle was interpolated for scan B using images of two neighboring gantry angles. The SIFT method was applied to extract ‘matching’ feature points in the overlapping region of the projection images of the same gantry angle from each scan. The rigid (translation and rotation) transform matrix derived from this analysis was then used to stitch together the two projection images for CBCT reconstruction using the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) method. Three overlapping (5‐cm, 3‐cm and 2‐cm) sizes were used for the SIFT analysis to determine the optimal imaging parameters. Results: The CBCT reconstructions using the SIFT stitching method showed significant artifact reduction compared with the direct stitching method. The success rate of matching (less than 0.5 degrees rotation and 2 pixels horizontal/vertical shifts) was close to 100% for 5‐cm overlapping and gradually reduced as the overlapping size decreased. The minimum overlapping size we could reliably apply our method was 2 cm (93.8% success rate) below which significant operator involvement was required to determine the applicable rigid transform parameters. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the SIFT stitching method for panoramic CBCT reconstruction. We are currently improving the registration technique to further reduce the required overlapping size. This work was partially supported by a DOD grant DOD W81XWH1010862
Structural analysis of templates and RNA polymerase III transcripts of Alu family sequences interspersed among the human β-like globin genes

Abstract Cloned DNA fragments from the human β-like globin genomic region can be transcribed in vitro by RNA polymerase III. We have investigated the structure of two templates and their transcripts by DNA sequencing, size fractionation of ribonuclease T1 generated oligonucleotides, and ribonuclease H digestion of RNA: DNA duplexes. The data indicate that repetitive DNA sequences, members of the Alu family of interspersed 300 bp reiterated DNA, are imbedded in both templates. The RNAs transcribed from them are composed of an entire Alu family sequence at their 5′ ends linked to 3′ ends of non-repetitive sequence.
Is management education beneficial to society

This paper examines whether or not US‐style management education is beneficial to society and presents a review of recent events, which suggest that management education must be improved. Two principal approaches to management education and resulting practice are presented and framed differently to better reflect and comprehend societal impacts. They are termed high waste and low waste, where waste is defined as activities and behaviors that do not add value and can be eliminated. High waste management practice, or conventional management, is what the majority business schools teach. Low waste management practice, rooted in the principles and practices of the Toyota Management System, is much less common in business school education. Proposes three improvements to management education that will deliver greater benefits to society while simultaneously promoting the interests of business.
Temperature and field dependence of the RF surface resistance of high T/sub c/ materials

The RF behavior of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ is being evaluated for its potential as a material used to make microwave cavities for particle accelerators. Single crystals and thin films are under study at 1.5 and 6 GHz. The best results have been obtained using the crystals of Schneemeyer et al. (1989), which show a residual resistance below 5*10/sup -4/ Omega at 6 GHz at 77 K. This is substantially below the resistance of 77 K copper. The resistance of these crystals at the superconducting transition drops more than two orders of magnitude within a few degrees of T/sub c/. The sharpness of this drop is comparable to that of niobium. It is believed that these crystals are still far from ideal and that their properties deteriorate with time, but they are of much higher quality than the other forms of YBCO studied. Progress is being made towards producing thin films with useful RF properties. Compared with films of a year ago the sharpness of the superconducting transition has increased substantially although the residual losses are still high. The measurement techniques used are now sensitive to as little as 20 mm/sup 2/ of material with a resistance of 20 mu Omega . >
Voltage contrast test structure for measurement of mask misalignment

A new test structure for measuring mask misalignment for critical levels like contact to gate is described. Alignment requirements have become very challenging because of the extremely small dimensions of current state-of-the-art CMOS devices. The method for measuring contact to gate alignment involves using a SEM to scan an array of contacts each with a different amount of overlap with a grounded gate. The voltage contrast signal indicates which contacts are touching the gate. The data for an example wafer are compared to optical alignment data. Addition work necessary to more thoroughly compare the accuracy of the two techniques is described.
Media images of war

Photographic images of war have been used to accentuate and lend authority to war reporting since the early 20th century, with depictions in 1930s picture magazines of the Spanish Civil War prompting unprecedented expectations for frontline visual coverage. By the 1960s, Vietnam War coverage came to be associated with personal, independent and uncensored reporting and image making, seen as a journalistic ideal by some, and an obstacle to successful government conduct of the war by others. This article considers the idealized ‘myth’ of Vietnam War coverage and how it has influenced print and television photojournalism of American conflicts, skewing expectations of wartime media performance and fostering a consistent pattern of US Government/media collaboration. Upon analysis, pictorial coverage of US wars by the American media not only fails to live up to the myth of Vietnam but tends to be compliant and nationalist. It fails to reflect popular ideals of independent and critical photojournalism, or even th...
The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape

The article presents a review of the book “The Politics of U.S. International Trade: Protection, Expansion and Escape,” by Stephanie Ann Lenway.
A Geovisual Analytic Approach to Understanding Geo-Social Relationships in the International Trade Network

The world has become a complex set of geo-social systems interconnected by networks, including transportation networks, telecommunications, and the internet. Understanding the interactions between spatial and social relationships within such geo-social systems is a challenge. This research aims to address this challenge through the framework of geovisual analytics. We present the GeoSocialApp which implements traditional network analysis methods in the context of explicitly spatial and social representations. We then apply it to an exploration of international trade networks in terms of the complex interactions between spatial and social relationships. This exploration using the GeoSocialApp helps us develop a two-part hypothesis: international trade network clusters with structural equivalence are strongly ‘balkanized’ (fragmented) according to the geography of trading partners, and the geographical distance weighted by population within each network cluster has a positive relationship with the development level of countries. In addition to demonstrating the potential of visual analytics to provide insight concerning complex geo-social relationships at a global scale, the research also addresses the challenge of validating insights derived through interactive geovisual analytics. We develop two indicators to quantify the observed patterns, and then use a Monte-Carlo approach to support the hypothesis developed above.
Gender-associated expression of tumor markers and a small gene set in breast carcinoma

Breast carcinomas in both genders share pathological features, although differences in incidence, prognosis and survival are reported. Expression of 33 genes was investigated in male and female breast carcinomas in association with ER, PR, HER-2/neu and EGF-receptor. Among 98 male breast cancers, 82 were ER+ and 78 were PR+. ER and PR protein levels were greater in males compared to females, although no differences were observed in ESR1 and PGR expression. A difference was observed in binding affinities of PR but not ER between genders. No differences were observed in HER-2/neu, EGFR protein, or patient age. Expression of NAT1, TBC1D9, IL6ST, RABEP1, PLK1 and LRBA was elevated in carcinomas of males compared to those of females, in which ER status appeared to be related to expression. Over-expression of protein products of these genes represents novel molecular targets for development of gender-specific therapeutics and companion diagnostics.
Emergence of Chemical Biology Approaches to the RNAi/miRNA Pathway

RNA interference (RNAi) is a well-conserved mechanism that uses small noncoding RNAs to silence gene expression posttranscriptionally. Gene regulation by RNAi is now recognized as one of the major regulatory pathways in eukaryotic cells. Although the main components of the RNAi/miRNA pathway have been identified, the molecular mechanisms regulating the activity of the RNAi/miRNA pathway have only begun to emerge within the last couple of years. Recently, high-throughput reporter assays to monitor the activity of the RNAi/miRNA pathway have been developed and used for proof-of-concept pilot screens. Both inhibitors and activators of the RNAi/miRNA pathway have been found. Although still in its infancy, a chemical biology approach using high-throughput chemical screens should open up a new avenue for dissecting the RNAi/miRNA pathway, as well as developing novel RNAi- or miRNA-based therapeutic interventions.
Lest Congress Forgets: A Fellow's Walk and Institutional Partisanship in Contemporary Representational Politics

Perhaps the most underappreciated dimension in public response to the post- Bush v. Gore controversies involving state election administration and Supreme Court jurisprudence involving the right to vote has been the central role of Congress in enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment.
The Great Recession and Consumer Demand for Alcohol: A Dynamic Panel-Data Analysis of U.S. Households

For those looking to design policies that mitigate the deleterious consequences of alcohol abuse, understanding how consumer demand for alcohol responds to changes in the local economic conditions is of great importance. We use high-frequency purchase data from a large panel of U.S. households between 2004 and 2011 to examine how alcohol demand changes over the business cycle in a dynamic panel-data estimation framework. We find strong evidence that demand for packaged alcohol is procyclical. Changes in the state-level unemployment rate and personal per capita income between the most recent business cycle peak and trough imply a 6.5% decrease in the demand for packaged alcohol (ethanol by volume). The results also show that the decline in alcohol expenditures is primarily due to a decrease in quantity rather than an overall decrease in the price per ounce of ethanol purchased. Moreover, we improve on the related literature methodologically by accounting for consumption dynamics, as long-run demand for alcohol may differ from short-run demand because of habit formation in the quantity and type of alcohol consumed. Our results also indicate that failing to account for consumption dynamics will tend to understate the long-run association between macroeconomic conditions and alcohol demand.
The Frobenius-Schur indicator of Tambara-Yamagami categories

In this thesis, we investigate the higher Frobenius-Schur indicator introduced by Ng and Schauenburg and prove that it is a strong enough invariant to distinguish between any two Tambara-Yamagami fusion categories. Our method of proof is based on computation of the Frobenius-Schur indicators as Gauss sums for certain quadratic forms on finite abelian groups and relies on the classification of quadratic forms on finite abelian groups due to Wall. As a corollary to our work, we show that the state-sum invariants of 3-manifolds associated with Tambara-Yamagami categories determine the category as long as we restrict to TambaraYamagami categories defined coming from groups G whose order is not a power of 2. Turaev and Vainerman proved this result under the assumption that G has odd order and they conjectured that a similar result should hold for all Tambara-Yamagami categories. Their proof used the state-sum invariant of Lens spaces Lk,1. We provide an example showing that the state-sum invariants of Lens spaces is not enough to distinguish all Tambara-Yamagami categories.
Characteristics of aluminum 6061-T6 deformed to large plastic strains by machining

Abstract A study has been made of characteristics of precipitation treatable aluminum alloys (6061-T6) deformed to large plastic strains, by analyzing chips created by plane strain (2-D) machining. By varying the geometry of the tool, different levels of strain were imposed in the chip in a single pass of machining. The microstructure of the chips was found to be composed of relatively equi-axed grains with mean size in the range of 70–100 nm. The evolution of the microstructure across the deformation zone has been tracked. The chip micro-hardness values were found to be somewhat greater than that reported for Al 6061-T6 deformed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP).
Distribution of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in Mouse Brain

Abstract: Seventy-one regions of mouse brain, and many subdivisions of some of these, were analyzed for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. The samples were dissected from lyophilized frozen sections. Since the average sample weighed only 25 ng (20 × 75 × 75 μ3), regions as small as the locus ceruleus could be analyzed. Activities in gray areas ranged 40-fold from a high in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra to a low in the deep cerebellar nuclei. The activity in fiber tracts also vaned about 40-fold, and on a lipid-free dry weight basis was similar to the activity in the gray matter where the fibers originated. The rank order for gray regions was basal ganglia, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, most of the diencephalic nuclei, nuclei of the pons, cerebellum, and nuclei of the medulla.
Sports and Performing Arts Medicine: 4. Events Coverage

Objective This self-directed learning module highlights medical coverage of sports events and artistic performances. It is part of the study guide on sports and performing arts medicine in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Using a case vignette format, this article specifically focuses on performance anxiety, exercise-associated collapse, exercise-induced asthma, transient quadriparesis, stingers/burners and anterior glenohumeral joint dislocations. The goal of this article is to improve the learner's ability to formulate and implement an appropriate evaluation and treatment algorithm for certain conditions associated with sports and performing arts events.