cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Device implantation complications during fellowship training: It is always the fellow’s fault, or is it?

In North America, the academic year for medical training begins on or about July 1, when there is a perceived decrease in the quality of health care, the so-called July phenomenon. The effect has been largely refuted across multiple surgical specialties in both single-center and single-specialty studies. However, there is the possibility of investigators not reporting adverse outcomes by new trainees at their institutions (publication bias), and there is inconsistency about whether the July phenomenon exists in broader clinical outcomes across the health care environment. Along with various methodological difficulties in capturing its effects on morbidity and mortality in its entirety, it is nearly impossible to systematically take into account more nuanced factors such as subclinical errors, near misses, and patient dissatisfaction that may arise from daily encounters with novice physicians. In this issue of HeartRhythm, Rahbar et al report on the relationships between fellow’s (in)experience and clinical outcomes in review of 488 patients undergoing initial dualchamber pacemaker (PM; n = 335) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT; n = 153) implantation at a single university-based teaching hospital. Cases were evaluated according to the implanting physician’s year(s) of experience with respect to procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and intraprocedural complications, including lead dislodgement, cardiac perforation, pneumothorax, hemorrhage, and death that were observed during patient’s hospital stay. Indications for the procedure were not reported. Device upgrade, generator replacement, single-chamber PM, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantations were not evaluated either. The authors note that the overall complication rate was 5%, and fellow experience was incrementally associated with decreased procedure time in both PM and CRT implantation and decreased fluoroscopy time in CRT implantation. Neither fellow nor attending experience was associated with inpatient complications.
Dynamic nonlinear probe utilizing traveling multiwave interaction

The aim of this study is to utilize the nonlinear action of two overlapping propagating waves to characterize parameters of rock samples that are sensitive to cracks and fluids at the intersection location. Our experimental technique utilizes a strong shear wave pump that changes (minutely) the elastic properties of the sample and a weaker longitudinal wave probe that senses those changes. The pump wave signal is directed perpendicular to the longitudinal wave and is slowly varying compared to that of the probe; we use a 500 kHz longitudinal probe wave and a 50 kHz shear wave pump. Particle velocities are measured on the surface of the sample with the laser vibrometer to calibrate their absolute values for estimation of the strain with the help of an elastic model. Measured changes in time modulation were fitted to a nonlinear Hooke's law. Nonlinear parameters for Berea sandstone were β = −542 and δ = −3 × 109. The nonresonant time modulation techniques described can quantify and identify regions of local nonlinearity.
SYNCHRONY-BREAKING PERIOD-DOUBLING BIFURCATIONS FOR THREE-CELL HOMOGENEOUS COUPLED MAPS

Network architecture can lead to robust synchrony in coupled maps and to codimension one bifurcations from synchronous fixed-points at which the associated Jacobian is nilpotent. We discuss the codimension one synchrony-breaking period-doubling bifurcations for three-cell coupled maps. Interesting phenomena occur for all these coupled maps — a branch of period-2 points with amplitude growing as |λ|⅙ for coupled networks of feed-forward type, as well as multiple (two) branches of period-2 points with amplitude growing as |λ|½ for coupled networks of feed-forward type. We also discuss how some results related to patterns of synchrony that are valid for coupled vector fields are also valid for coupled maps.
Foci and Foliations of Real Algebraic Curves

We discuss diverse results whose common thread is the notion of focus of an algebraic curve. In a unified setting, which combines elements of projective geometry, complex analysis and Riemann surface theory, we explain the roles of ordinary and singular foci in results on numerical ranges of matrices, quadrature domains, Schwarzian reflection, and other topics. We introduce the notion of canonical foliation of a real algebraic curve, which places foci into the context of continuous families of plane curves and provides a useful method of visualization of all relevant structures in a planar graphical image.
AN EXAMINATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENT ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS BY TYPE OF VENTURE

Learning what initially drives university students to be open to the thought of starting their own businesses has been of great interest to entrepreneurship researchers/educators. Past literature looks at a variety of important motivators that impact student intentions toward entrepreneurship but has tended to view entrepreneurial intentions as a homogeneous construct. This study uses Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to examine university students' intentions to start various types of ventures (small lifestyle, small high income and high growth). Results indicate that intentions to start small high income and high growth ventures share many commonalities and are significantly driven by behavioral beliefs and perceived behavioral control. Intentions to start small lifestyle ventures, on the other hand, are found to be independent from intentions to start either small, high income or high growth ventures and are not as well explained by the theory of planned behavior. Implications and ideas for future research and entrepreneurship education are discussed.
Studies of the kinetics and ionic requirements for the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 after fertilization of Arbacia punctulata eggs

Abstract Fertilization of the eggs of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata is followed by the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. The increase in phosphorylation starts at the same time that protein synthesis begins to increase, and leads to the appearance of mono-, di-, and triphosphorylated S6 derivatives. Essentially all the S6 is phosphorylated by first cleavage. This phosphorylation requires the occurrence of both the normal Ca2+ transient and the consequent Na+H+ exchange. Protein synthesis can be partially activated by an increase in intracellular pH brought about by weak bases, but this neither causes S6 phosphorylation, nor the inactivation of the specific S6 phosphatase present in unfertilized Arbacia eggs.
Identification of the rate determining step in aging of supported metals

Aging of supported metal catalysts may result from the diffusion of metal crystallites on the surface of the support and subsequent sintering of the colliding particles. In the present paper procedures to extract from experimental data information about the rate determining step of the process and its characteristics (diffusion coefficient, rate-of-merging constant) are suggested. The experimental methods discussed include electron microscopy, X-ray line broadening, small angle X-ray scattering, magnetic measurements and static chemisorption. The experimental methods provide some average values of the crystallite size which are sensitive to the form of the size distribution. Using for the size distribution theoretical results valid for diffusion or sintering control criteria are established which compared to experimental data allow a choice among various mechanisms.
A TEST OF J-SHIFTING FOR H + CO RECOMBINATION

Abstract We test the J-shifting approximation for H + CO recombination by comparing the recombination rate in the fall-off region against one obtained using accurate J- and K-dependent resonance energies. In applying the J-shifting approximation we consider rotation constants given at the HCO minimum and also at the HCO saddle point.
Lattice Boltzmann equation simulation of rectangular jet (AR=1.5) instability and axis-switching

Abstract We investigate the axis-switching and instability onset characteristics of a rectangular jet with aspect ratio (AR) of 1.5. Jet flow simulations of four different Reynolds numbers, 10 , 100 , 150 , and 200, are performed. Half-width of streamwise velocity along with velocity vector and streamwise vorticity on transverse planes at different downstream locations are examined. The simulation results show the following instability characteristics: (i) At relatively low Reynolds numbers (10 and 100), the jet flow is laminar and stable; (ii) At Re = 150 , the flow is still laminar and stable but axis-switching occurs with downstream distance; and (iii) At Re = 200 , the jet flow becomes unstable but the axis-switching is still seen roughly. Instability first originates near the jet orifice and then propagates down the stream.
Indicative bidding and a theory of two-stage auctions

Motivated by the practice of indicative bidding, which is commonly used in sales of complex and valuable assets, this paper develops a theory of two-stage auctions based on the assumption that learning valuation is costly. In various cases that characterize what can be learned in the due diligence stage, we show that no symmetric increasing equilibrium exists and hence efficient entry cannot be guaranteed under the current design of indicative bidding. However, by introducing auctions of entry rights with binding first-round bids, we show that efficient entry can be induced under certain conditions. We also show that optimal auctions are typically characterized by a limited number of final bidders, which justifies the general practice of conducting two-stage auctions in environments with costly entry.
Absolute sucrose incentive reduction: Frustration or demotlvation?

A group of eight male albino rats was given 20 double runway trials in which the first goal box contained 0.50 cc of a 16% sucrose solution; these Ss were then given 10 postshift trials in which GB1 reinforcement was reduced to zero. Two eight-S nonshifted control groups received 0.50 cc of sucrose or no reinforcement, respectively, throughout the two phases. Preshift second runway speeds varied inversely with amount of GB1 reinforcement. Upon reinforcement termination, the shifted group’s RW2 speeds increased, but did not exceed the performance of the always-nonreinforced control group. The results suggested a demotivation rather than a frustration interpretation.
Anomalous increase in nitric oxide synthase activity by certain nitric oxide-generating compounds in intact neuronal cells.

It has been shown that nitric oxide (NO) regulates NO synthase (NOS) activity through negative feedback in cytosolic enzyme preparations in various cell types. We compared the effects of the NO-generating compounds S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on NOS activity in intact neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells and in the cytosol obtained from the same cells. Enzyme activity was measured by the conversion of L-[ 3 H]arginine into L-[ 3 H]citrulline. At concentrations that elicit almost complete inhibition of NOS activity in cytosolic enzyme preparations of these cells, SIN-1 and SNP did not cause significant attenuation of enzyme activity measured at 45 min in intact cells. It is surprising that SIN-1 and SNP markedly stimulated L-[ 3 H]citrulline formation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner when cells were incubated with the compounds for >1.5 h. Neither inhibitory nor stimulatory effects of SNAP on NOS were observed in intact N1E-115 cells. This is in contrast to the inhibitory effects of SNAP in cytosolic preparations of the enzyme. The increased NOS activity by SIN-1 or SNP in intact cells was dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca 2+ , suggesting that it might be due to increased Ca 2+ influx. On the other hand, measurements of the activity of lactate dehydrogenase showed that there was no generalized increase in cell permeability in response to SIN-1 or SNP. There was no agreement in the rank order of potencies of these compounds in activating guanylate cyclase and in affecting NOS activity, both in broken-cell preparations and in intact cells. Thus, modulation of NOS activity by NO-releasing compounds is not dependent on cyclic GMP formation and might not be related in a simple fashion to NO generation. Alternatively, activation of guanylate cyclase and stimulation of NOS activity might require different redox species of NO. Our present findings might be of clinical relevance in relation to long-term use of NO-generating compounds as therapeutic agents.
Findings and accomplishments of ATSDR's Superfund-mandated Substance-Specific Applied Research Program.

Abstract Priority research needs determined by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) for the agencys top-ranked hazardous substances are being filled via regulatory mechanisms, private sector voluntarism, and university-based research. To date, 17 studies have been completed, 12 are ongoing, and 12 are currently planned. Under the direction of the Substance-Specific Applied Research Program (SSARP), ATSDR-supported research has filled research needs that significantly improved the information base available for making appropriate public health decisions. With the knowledge and understanding gained from this research, health professionals are better able to identify and interdict significant exposure and mitigate toxicity when exposure occurs. Thus, the SSARP has played, and continues to play, a vital role in contributing towards improving ATSDR's efforts to meet its mission and goals in environmental public health. In addition to addressing research needs of interest to ATSDR, findings from the program have contributed to the overall scientific knowledge about the effects of toxic substances in the environment.
A Spatial Stochastic Model for Virus Dynamics

We introduce a spatial stochastic model for virus dynamics. We show that if the death rate of infected cells increases too fast with the virus load the virus dies out. This is in sharp contrast with what happens in the (non-spatial deterministic) basic model for virus dynamics.
Conformational aspects of the antifibrillatory activity of procaine

The effects of procaine and four semi-rigid conformational analogs (compounds 1,2,3 and 4) were tested and compared on isolated rabbit atria. Procaine and the four analogs produced positive inotropic effects at all dose levels tested. The antifibrillatory activity of procaine and its analogs arranged in decreasing order of activity was compound 4 greater than 3 greater than 2 greater than 1 greater than procaine. The antifibrillatory activity of the compounds correlated to the distance between the ring nitrogen and the ester oxygen; that is, as the N-O distance increased the concentration required to reduce the following frequency decreased. However, the compound became more toxic as the N-O distance increased. Our data do not confirm the commonly regarded direct relationship between local anesthetic activity and antifibrillatory activity of procaine. Differences in activity displayed by the isomers of procaine could reflect differences in the ability of these analogs to bind to receptors responsible for the respective actions.
Low-lying quasinormal modes of topological AdS black holes and hydrodynamics

We analytically calculate the low-lying gravitational quasinormal modes of a topological AdS black hole of arbitrary dimension in the high temperature limit. We show that they are in agreement with corresponding results from the hydrodynamics of the gauge theory plasma on the boundary, as required by the AdS/CFT (anti-de Sitter/conformal field theories) correspondence. For some of these modes, we obtain a lifetime which is comparable to or longer than the longest lifetime of perturbations of spherical black holes. These modes might play a significant role in the late-time behavior of the gauge theory plasma.
Nearly symmetric and nearly baroclinic instabilities in the presence of diffusivity. Part 2. Mode structures and energetics

The structures and energetics of nearly symmetric modes and nearly baroclinic modes are analysed in detail to examine their instability mechanisms. It is shown that the nearly symmetric modes have their cross-band circulations slanted mainly between the along-band absolute-momentum surface and buoyancy surface of the basic state. Their growth is thus supported mainly by the symmetric-type energy conversion that transports energy from the basic-state along-band velocity and buoyancy to the perturbation along-band velocity and buoyancy, respectively, and then to the cross-band circulation. However, as the band orientations are tilted slightly away from the basic shear, the growth is also assisted by the baroclinic-type energy conversion that transports energy from the basic-state buoyancy to the perturbation buoyancy via the along-band advection and then to the cross-band circulation. When the band orientation is tilted to the warm (or cold) side of the basic shear, the baroclinic-type energy conversion smooths (or sharpens) the near-boundary structures and thus reduces (enhances) the effect of diffusive damping, especially near the non-slip boundaries. This explains why in the presence of diffusivity the symmetric instability yields to the nearly symmetric instability with the band orientation tilted slightly to the warm side of the basic shear. The nearly baroclinic modes transport warm air northward with rising motion and cold air southward with sinking motion, so their growth is supported mainly by the baroclinic-type energy conversion. Since the band orientations are not exactly perpendicular to the basic shear, the growth is also assisted by two additional energy conversions: (i) from the basic-state buoyancy through the cross-band horizontal advection to the perturbation buoyancy; and (ii) from the basic-state along-band velocity to the perturbation along-band velocity. When the band orientation is tilted, by nearly 90° or less, to the warm (or cold) side of the basic shear, the two additional energy conversions smooth (or sharpen) the near-boundary structures and thus reduce (enhance) the effect of diffusive damping, especially near the non-slip boundaries. This explains why the baroclinic instability yields to the warm-side tilted nearly baroclinic instability in the presence of diffusivity.
Side effects and pharmaceutical company bias: adverse event reporting in cancer supportive and palliative care trials.

Background: Over 10 years after their approval as cancer supportive and palliative care agents, erythropoietin and the bisphosphonates began to show unexpected, serious adverse events, which resulted in dramatic changes in how they were subsequently prescribed to cancer patients. Objective: The purpose of this opinion piece is to reexamine what happened. Methods: We relied on the published literature as well as the investigators' own experience and preliminary data. Conclusion: The importance of adverse event reporting in cancer supportive and palliative agents should go beyond that which is mandated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Funding agencies and practicing oncologists should remain vigilant for such adverse events during the testing of new agents and after their approval. They should be willing to report such events without delay.
The Nursing Shortage: What Is Your Role?

Nursing is multidimensional, interactive, interdiciplinary, and complex. Almost anything that can be said about nursing can be said another way. Some things worth being said and heard will not follow the norms of journal presentation. A forum accommodates the emerging voice, the new format, the innovative approach. Nursing Forum, in an effort to honor the independent voice in nursing, presents here the voice who elects to enter the dialogue, but who does so “in another way.”
Immunization of Pregnant Women with Influenza A/New Jersey/76 Virus Vaccine: Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity in Mother and Infant

The safety and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in pregnant women have not been adequately investigated. In this study, 56 women received inactivated influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. No significant immediate reactions or increased fetal complications were associated with administration of the vaccine. The antibody response of the pregnant women to the vaccine was similar to that of nonpregnant adults. Forty mother-infant pairs were available for antibody surveillance. At delivery, reciprocal antibody titers of greater than or equal to 20 were present in 11 (42%) newborn (cord) sera and 15 (58%) maternal sera. Three months later, sera from only three infants (12%) contained this level of antibody. At six months, the serum of only one infant contained this level of antibody. At six months, the serum of only one infant contained detectable antibodies. Levels of passively transferred antibodies from prior maternal infection with influenza A/Victoria/75 virus also declined rapidly following birth. It is possible that immunization of pregnant women can provide sufficient protection of the newborn infants by transfer of antibodies through the placenta if (1) a more potent influenza vaccine, possibly used with booster dosing, is administered, and (2) the women deliver just prior to or during the influenza season.
751 Defining normative contraction patterns in the second stage

5.7%, aOR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7-1.2). FSE alone was not associated with chorio (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 0.9-2.7) or EM (aOR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-1.7), but IUPC alone was associated with an increased risk of both (chorio aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.2, EM aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-2.9). Both FSE & IUPCdecreasedtheriskofCD(FSEaOR0.2,95%CI0.15-0.27,IUPC aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.5). CONCLUSION: The use of IUPC but not FSE results in an increased risk of febrile morbidity, but both are associated with a decrease in CD. Appropriate use of internal monitors may improve maternal outcomesthroughdecreasedcesarean;however,useofinternalmonitors should be selective given the increased risk of febrile morbidity.
Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriuria

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bacteriuria is a frequently encountered clinical condition, but its clinical impact is unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to define the epidemiology and outcomes for patients with CRKP bacteriuria. Patients with positive urine cultures for CRKP were classified as having asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) or symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI). Among 105 patients with CRKP bacteriuria, 80% (84/105 patients) and 20% (21/105 patients) had ASB and UTI, respectively. Older age (P = 0.002) and higher Charlson's comorbidity index scores (P = 0.001) were associated with ASB. The median duration of hospitalization prior to CRKP bacteriuria was significantly longer for patients with ASB versus UTI (8.5 versus 2 days; P = 0.05). In multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.69 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44 to 15.26]; P = 0.01), solid-organ transplantation (OR, 4.50 [95% CI, 1.39 to 14.52]; P = 0.01), and neurogenic bladder (OR, 18.62 [95% CI, 1.75 to 197.52]; P = 0.01) were independently associated with UTI. Ten percent (8/84) of the patients with ASB received antimicrobial therapy. The treatment success rate for patients with UTIs was 90% (19/21 patients), including all patients who received doxycycline (n = 9). The overall 30-day mortality rate was 6% (6/105 patients); the deaths were unrelated to CRKP infections. Secondary CRKP infections, including UTIs, were notably absent among patients with ASB who were followed for 90 days. In conclusion, identification of CRKP in the urine was most commonly associated with ASB and did not lead to subsequent infections or death among asymptomatic patients. Factors associated with UTIs included male sex, solid-organ transplantation, and neurogenic bladder. Doxycycline may be an effective therapy for CRKP UTIs.
Complex Interactions at the Helix–Helix Interface Stabilize the Glycophorin A Transmembrane Dimer

To explore the residue interactions in the glycophorin A dimerization motif, an alanine scan double mutant analysis at the helix–helix interface was carried out. These data reveal a combination of additive and coupled effects. The majority of the double mutants are found to be equally or slightly more stable than would be predicted by the sum of the energetic cost of the single-point mutants. The proximity of the mutated sites is not related to the presence of coupling between those sites. Previous studies reveal that a single face of the glycophorin A monomer contains a specific glycine-containing motif (GxxxG) that is thought to be a driving force for the association of transmembrane helices. Double mutant cycles suggest that the relationship of the GxxxG motif to the remainder of the helix–helix interface is complex. Sequences containing mutations that abolish the GxxxG motif retain an ability to dimerize, while a sequence containing a GxxxG motif appears unable to form dimers. The energetic effects of weakly coupled and additive double mutants can be explained by changes in van der Waals interactions at the dimer interface. These results emphasize the fact that the sequence context of the dimer interface modulates the strength of the glycophorin A GxxxG-mediated transmembrane dimerization reaction.
Theory of the kinetics of short range order

Abstract The theory of kinetics of short range order for an AB alloy containing vacancies of Kidin and Shtremel is criticized and an alternative set of equations of motion for the probabilities of atom-atom pairs and atom-vacancy pairs is proposed. Formulae are derived for the equilibrium probabilities which are consistent with the quasi-chemical theory and it is shown that the equilibrium state of atom-atom pairs implies the equilibrium state of atom-vacancy pairs. The integration of the equations of motion for the case of a quenching experiment in which the degree of short range order increases with time shows that the approach to equilibrium cannot be described by a simple exponential, in qualitative agreement with experiment. The study of the initial relaxation times gives also results in qualitative agreement with experiment. It is proposed that restrictive conditions that relate the equilibrium energy parameters to the energy of motion parameters should apply if the system is ever going to reach the state of thermodynamic equilibrium.
Editor's Column: Crisis

The editor takes a look at librarians helping during times of crisis, as well as the issue of social justice/responsibility within librarianship.
Noncanonical MicroRNAs and Endogenous siRNAs in Lytic Infection of Murine Gammaherpesvirus

MicroRNA (miRNA) and endogenous small interfering RNA (endo-siRNA) are two essential classes of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in eukaryotes. The class of miRNA is diverse and there exist noncanonical miRNAs that bypass the canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway. In order to identify noncanonical miRNAs and endo-siRNAs responding to virus infection and study their potential function, we sequenced small-RNA species from cells lytically infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68). In addition to three novel canonical miRNAs in mouse, two antisense miRNAs in virus and 25 novel noncanonical miRNAs, including miRNAs derived from transfer RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs and introns, in the host were identified. These noncanonical miRNAs exhibited features distinct from that of canonical miRNAs in lengths of hairpins, base pairings and first nucleotide preference. Many of the novel miRNAs are conserved in mammals. Besides several known murine endo-siRNAs detected by the sequencing profiling, a novel locus in the mouse genome was identified to produce endo-siRNAs. This novel endo-siRNA locus is comprised of two tandem inverted B4 short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). Unexpectedly, the SINE-derived endo-siRNAs were found in a variety of sequencing data and virus-infected cells. Moreover, a murine miRNA was up-regulated more than 35 fold in infected than in mock-treated cells. The putative targets of the viral and the up-regulated murine miRNAs were potentially involved in processes of gene transcription and protein phosphorylation, and localized to membranes, suggesting their potential role in manipulating the host basal immune system during lytic infection. Our results extended the number of noncanonical miRNAs in mammals and shed new light on their potential functions of lytic infection of MHV68.
Urological Symptoms in a Subset of Patients with Urological Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and a Polysymptomatic, Polysyndromic Pattern of Presentation

Purpose: We characterized urological symptoms in a subset of patients with urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome who have a high somatic symptom burden and a wide symptom distribution fitting a polysymptomatic, polysyndromic presentation pattern.Materials and Methods: A total of 81 patients with urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome enrolled in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases MAPP Research Network Study at Washington University in St. Louis and University of Alabama at Birmingham sites. They completed a symptom questionnaire to assess the somatic symptom burden and its distribution, and GUPI (Genitourinary Pain Index) to assess urological chronic pelvic pain syndrome symptoms, impact on quality of life and self-reported treatment seeking behaviors for urological chronic pelvic pain symptoms. The polysymptomatic, polysyndromic symptom pattern was defined by self-report of numerous painful and nonpainful somatic symptoms across many organ systems and by symptom categ...
The Role of Identity In International Students' Psychological Well-Being In the United States: A Model of Depression Level, Identity Gaps, Discrimination, and Acculturation

Abstract This study examines contributing factors to international students’ depression levels, focusing on the gaps between different aspects of identity. Two types of identity gaps, one between personal and enacted identities and the other between personal and relational identities, were selected for this study. The data were collected from 218 international students from various countries. A hypothesized path model was tested, which includes sequential relationships from acculturation level and perceived discrimination to the two types of identity gaps to depression level. The mediation effects of the two types of identity gaps between the two exogenous variables and depression level were tested. Also, the moderation effects of social support and social undermining were tested. Both acculturation level and perceived discrimination significantly predicted the two types of identity gaps. The personal–enacted identity gap significantly predicted depression level and mediated the effects of acculturation and perceived discrimination, but personal–relational identity gap exhibited neither effects. The only significant moderation effects were those of social undermining, which moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression level.
EFFECT OF GRAZING AND FAT SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION OF HOLSTEIN COWS

The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of feeding a soybean oil refining by-product (SORB), made up mainly of sodium salts of long-chain fatty acids,on reproductive performanceand productivity of 36 early lactation Holstein cows managed in a free-stall barn or on annual rye-ryegrass pasture. In this 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, cows consumed 0 or 0.5 kg/d of SORB as part of a total mixed ration for barn cows or as part of a grain supplement fed to cows on intensively, rotationally stocked pasture. Blood was sampled 3 times weekly and plasma was measured for progesterone to assess ovarian activity. Estrus activity was recorded using the HeatWatch estrus detection system. Although average 14-wk milk production (37.2 kg/d) was not different among treatments, barn cows had more persistent lactations than did grazing cows. Cows housed in the barn lost less body weight and returned to initial body weight sooner andhadlowermeanconcentrationsofplasmanonesterified fatty acids (464 vs. 261 mEq/L) than those managed on pasture. The milk fat of cows on pasture contained greater proportions of conjugated linoleic acid and linolenic acid but a corresponding 0.22 percentage unit decrease in milk fat concentration (3.39 vs. 3.16%). Cows managed on pasture had greater peak concentrations of plasma progesterone during the first estrous cycle. Cows managed on pasture and fed SORB had the greatest accumulation of plasma progesterone over the 14 wk of the study (SORB × housing interaction). These cows experienced the most mounts during their first estrus (9.3) and pregnancy rate was also greatest for this treatment (62.5%). Feeding SORB did not affect productionofmilk,fat,orprotein.Lossofbodycondition
Oxygen Isotope Evidence for Chemical Interaction of Kī lauea Historical Magmas with Basement Rocks

Kīlauea historical summit lavas have a wide range in matrix δ^(18)_OVSMOW values (4·9–5·6‰) with lower values in rocks erupted following a major summit collapse or eruptive hiatus. In contrast, δ^(18)O values for olivines in most of these lavas are nearly constant (5·1 ± 0·1‰). The disequilibrium between matrix and olivine δ^(18)O values in many samples indicates that the lower matrix values were acquired by the magma after olivine growth, probably just before or during eruption. Both Mauna Loa and Kīlauea basement rocks are the likely sources of the contamination, based on O, Pb and Sr isotope data. However, the extent of crustal contamination of Kīlauea historical magmas is probably minor (< 12%, depending on the assumed contaminant) and it is superimposed on a longer-term, cyclic geochemical variation that reflects source heterogeneity. Kīlauea's heterogeneous source, which is well represented by the historical summit lavas, probably has magma δ^(18)O values within the normal mid-ocean ridge basalt mantle range (5·4–5·8‰) based on the new olivine δ^(18)O values.
Training peer sexual health educators

Abstract Peer sexual health education programs are widespread on college campuses, but little research has assessed the effect of these programs on the peer educators. This study employed a repeated measures design to examine changes over the academic quarter in the knowledge, counseling self-efficacy, and sexual behavior of 70 college students enrolled in three different peer educator training programs. Skills necessary for effective sexual health counseling, including knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases and counseling self-efficacy, significantly increased from pre-test to post-test. There were no significant changes in risky sexual behavior, measured by the number of partners and nonuse of barrier methods during penetrative encounters. Participants in a student-taught training program, which prepares enrollees to work in an on-campus resource center, demonstrated the most improved knowledge and counseling self-efficacy. These results suggest that programs training peer educators may improve trai...
Expressive Remedies in Private Law

Private law remedies are clearly expressive. It is a separate question whether the expressive features of these remedies are part of the legal point of view. Several leading private law theorists have recently provided expressive accounts of private law remedies, and this perspective is now represented among both corrective justice and civil recourse theorists. This book chapter focuses on an important and insightful example: Stephen Smith’s recent account of court orders. On Smith’s view, a compensatory damages award communicates that the defendant has committed a wrong, and that the defendant’s wrong was a wrong done to the claimant.This chapter argues that this expressive theory of damages orders faces challenges under a transparency criterion. Under a moderate transparency criterion, we should be concerned to see whether a legal explanation is using recognizably legal concepts. Smith’s expressive account of compensatory damages, however, suggests counter-intuitive results once we translate damages orders into language that makes the expressive theory explicit. In addition, even if a moderate transparency criterion is met, it is not clear why mere declarations would not suffice in place of damages orders. Expressive accounts of criminal law punishments face a similar challenge. This is, however, a more difficult challenge as applied to compensatory damages orders.Although the arguments in this chapter focus on Smith’s account, the implications are broader. The challenges faced by Smith’s account are likely to arise in similar forms for other expressive theories of compensatory damages, especially if those accounts are concerned with the legal point of view.
BET HEDGING IN A GUILD OF DESERT ANNUALS

Evolutionary bet hedging encapsulates the counterintuitive idea that organisms evolve traits that reduce short-term reproductive success in favor of longer-term risk reduction. It has been widely investigated theoretically, and many putative examples have been cited including practical ones such as the dormancy involved in microbe and weed persistence. However, long-term data on demographic variation from the actual evolutionarily relevant environments have been unavailable to test for its mechanistic relationship to alleged bet hedging traits. I report an association between delayed germination (a bet hedging trait) and risk using a 22-year data set on demographic variation for 10 species of desert annual plants. Species with greater variation in reproductive success (per capita survival from germination to reproduction x per capita fecundity of survivors) were found to have lower average germination fractions. This provides a definitive test using realistic data on demographic variance that confirms the life history prediction for bet hedging. I also showed that the species with greater long-term demographic variation tended to be the ones with greater sensitivity of reproductive success to variation among years in growing-season precipitation.
Tomographic reconstruction using optoelectronic architecture

A novel approach for implementing tomographic reconstruction algorithms using optoelectronic CCD (charge coupled device) structures is described. The approach employs the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). The proposed method overcomes the problems of poor reconstruction results and implementation difficulties traditionally associated with ART. The optoelectronic approach described offers significant advantages over existing electronic methods both in terms of computational speed and quality of reconstruction. >
The Role of Marketing in Facilitating the Diffusion of Microcomputers and "The Information Society"

“The average American, by our estimate, is exposed to 61,556 words from the mass media each day ... That works out to just under 4,000 words per waking hour, about 60 words per waking minute per person per day. This represents a growth of 151 percent from 1960 to 1980”. (Neuman and de Sola Pool 1984, p. 5)
Analysis of error in reconstruction of two-dimensional signals from irregularly spaced samples

We consider the problem of estimating a band-limited two-dimensional (2-D) signal based on a finite set of irregularly spaced samples. We derive the minimum mean-squared error estimator of the form of a sum of weighted interpolating functions that are identical in shape but are centered at the irregularly spaced sample points, and show that this estimator is identical to the minimum energy band-limited interpolator that has been previously obtained by others. The relation between the mean-squared error and the set of irregularly spaced sampling points is studied using the minimax principle. The maximum of the mean-squared error over a class of signals is minimized by proper choice of the set of sampling points. Three criteria for evaluating the performance of the sampling point set are derived. From a candidate group of sets of irregularly spaced sampling points, these criteria may be used to select that point set which is optimal for recovery over a class of signals.
Physiology and Pharmacology of Biological Rhythms

Abstract edited by Peter H. Redfern and Bjorn Lemmer, Springer-Verlag, 1997. £218.50 (xxiv+668 pages) ISBN 3 540 61525 3
Lengthening of the achilles tendon in diabetic patients.

To The Editor: With regard to "Lengthening of the Achilles Tendon in Diabetic Patients Who Are at High Risk for Ulceration of the Foot," by D. G. Armstrong, S. Stacpoole-Shea, H. Nguyen, and L. B. Harkless (81-A: 535-538, April 1999), we have recognized an error that should …
Recruiting and Retaining Chinese Elders in a Longitudinal Study: Lessons Learned.

Purpose: This article describes strategies for recruiting and retaining Chinese elders in a longitudinal research study related to hypertension management. Design: Chinese participants were recruit...
Carcinogenesis, Benzo[a]pyrene Metabolism, and Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Lungs of Rats After Intratracheal 3-Methylcholanthrene

Induction of squamous cell carcinomas in F344 rats by the intratracheal instillation of carrier-free 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5] was dependent on the total dose and on the size of the crystals. With the use of MCA particles of about 1 micron in mean diameter in doses up to 25 mg, delivered as 5 doses of 5 mg each at 2-week intervals, no tumors were produced. With particles in the range of 10-300 microns, all rats receiving 25 mg developed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. At lower doses, the tumor incidence was dose-dependent. Metabolism of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene [CAS: 50-32-8] or [3H]MCA by microsomes from lungs and livers of treated rats was increased over that of controls and remained elevated for more than 6 weeks in the lung and 2 weeks in the liver. Repeated treatment of rats did not increase the levels of enzyme activity beyond that seen after a single treatment, nor did the increased activity persist longer than was seen after a single treatment. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were measured in primary cultures of lung cells and in peripheral and spleen lymphocytes from treated rats. Elevated frequencies of SCE were found in lung cells up to 6 weeks following a single treatment with MCA. Repeated treatment did not increase the frequency or increase the persistence of the SCE. No increase in exchange frequency was found in lymphocytes of any treated rats.
Informal Virtual Mentoring for Team Leaders and Members Emergence, Content, and Impact

The ProblemLeaders and members of virtual teams do not always have the opportunity to seek training and development to overcome the challenges of being culturally and geographically distant, nor the serendipitous exchanges afforded by proximity to work associates who might provide mentoring for personal or professional guidance. How then might organizations and human resource development (HRD) professionals foster relationships that are supportive in nature, considered critical for many outcomes associated with individual and leadership development and virtual team success?The SolutionDrawing on the theoretical perspective that communication is constitutive of social, psychological and organizational realities, a conceptual model was developed through an interpretive study. The model highlights how informal developmental relationships emerge, what type of communication constitutes these relationships, and the impact they have on leaders and members of virtual work teams.The StakeholdersThe results of this...
Method of PCB routing based on Ant Colony Optimization

In view of the application of Ant Colony Optimization in PCB routing, this paper proposes the improved program. It discovers the longest branch way in the closed cycle of Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, uses a total length of closed cycle minus this path to obtain the total length of the non-closed best route, and to storage optimization path, and uses the way of exploring line to com- plete the evolvement from the non-closed routing to the bifurcate. The experiment and the simulation result indicates this new algorithm has certain validity.
Use of Large-Group Patient Rounds to Characterize Pre-clerkship Medical Students’ Ability to Perform Three Entrustable Professional Activities

The pre-clerkship years of medical school focus on providing a foundation in the basic health sciences. Students then build on this foundation to perform clinical skills that include the American Association of Medical College’s entrustable professional activities (AAMC EPAs) targeted at day 1 of residency. A variety of educational experiences that link competencies with AAMC EPAs are needed. We used large-group physician-mentored patient rounds (PMPRs) to assess the development of three AAMC EPAs in pre-clerkship second year medical students. We focused on (1) prioritizing a differential diagnosis (AAMC EPA 2), (2) ordering diagnostic tests (AAMC EPA 3), and (3) prescribing treatments (AAMC EPA 4). We designed the PMPR described here to follow a COPD patient through history-taking, physical examination, ordering diagnostic tests, and prescription of treatments. The exercise was administered to 158 students during weekly half-hour sessions across 5 weeks. Student assignments focused on AAMC EPAs 2, 3, and 4. Student responses were collected, summarized, and shared back with critical physician appraisal of the “aggregate student thinking.” Students generally produced appropriate differential lists (AAMC EPA 2) but often exhibited naive approaches. Students also tended to order too many and inappropriate diagnostic tests. The physician guidance resulted in students ordering fewer and more appropriate diagnostic tests (AAMC EPA 3) as the exercise progressed. Students also developed generally appropriate treatment plans (AAMC EPA 4), but a few students prescribed potentially dangerous medications which became teaching points. Large-group PMPR is an effective method for assessment of pre-clerkship medical students’ ability to perform AAMC EPAs and provides a valuable opportunity to nurture the clinical skills that are foundational to those entrustable professional activities that should be achieved before day 1 of residency.
The United States’ Criminal Justice System Divided* : …On the Connection between the Exclusionary Rule and Preserving Civil Liberties

Page 03 Research Question Page 04 Background Page 05 Methodology Page 06 Literature Review Page 07 I. The Purpose of Law – Pgs. 07 – 11 II. Unequal Access to Law – Pgs. 11 – 16 III. The Influence of Presidential Politics on Crime Policy – Pgs. 16 – 18 IV. Paradigm Shift in Political Climate on the Supreme Court – Pgs. 18 – 22 A. The Transformation of the Exclusionary Rule – Pgs. 20 – 21 B. The Decline of the Exclusionary Rule – Pgs. 21 22 V. Reconsidering the Rule – Pgs. 22 – 24 A. Liability Rule (Tipton 2010) B. Integrity Rationale (Bilz 2011) C. Rule-of-Law Perspective (Sundby 2013) Bridging the Gap in Research – Pgs. 24 – 26 Conclusion Pages 27 – 33
Do Better Wages Reduce Crime

Recent research has called into question theoretical and empirical findings demonstrating a deterrent effect of punishment. Also challenged has been the view that improved employment opportunities help to reduce participation in illegitimate activities. This research note summarizes newly published econometric findings revealing that better wages and employment indeed do appear to reduce individual recidivism rates, at least in the major data set studied. The data are drawn from the Baltimore LIFE experiment. Maximumlikelihood methods are used to estimate the probability of recidivism one year after release from prison and the probability of avoiding rearrest or "survival" each month after release from prison. It is found that higher average weekly wages are associated with lower recidivism and higher survival rates. In contrast, no evidence is found to confirm a deterrent effect of punishment. [Complete documentation is published in S. L. Myers, Jr. "Estimating the Economic Model of Crime: Employment vs. Punishment Effects," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 95, February 1983, pp. 157-66.]