cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated stress response activation by sleep fragmentation during late gestation in mice leads to emergence of adverse metabolic phenotype in offspring.

Abstract Background Late gestational sleep fragmentation (SF) is highly prevalent particularly in obese women, and induces metabolic dysfunction in adult offspring mice. SF induces activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), which might be involved in metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that adult offspring of double mutant mice (DM) involving the critical ISR genes CHOP and GADD34 would be protected from developing obesity and insulin resistance following SF. Methods Time-pregnant CHOP/GADD34 DM and wild type (WT) mice were randomly assigned to sleep control (SC) or SF conditions during the last 5 days of gestation. At 24-weeks of age, body weight, fat mass, and HOMA-IR were assessed in the offspring. Tregs lymphocytes, Lyc6c high , M1 and M2 macrophages were examined in visceral white adipose tissues (vWAT) using flow cytometry. The effects of plasma exosomes on adipocyte cell line proliferation, differentiation and insulin sensitivity were also evaluated. Results SF-WT male showed significant increases in body weight, vWAT mass and HOMA-IR compared to SC-WT mice, while SF had no effect in SF-DM mice. Inflammatory macrophages (Ly-6c high ) and the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages were increased while FoxP3 + Tregs counts were decreased in SF-WT but not in SF-DM mice. Exosomes from SF-WT, but not from the SF-DM offspring increased pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and decreased in vitro adipocyte insulin sensitivity. Conclusion Activation of the ISR during late gestation, as induced by late gestational SF, appears to underlie some of the transgenerational modifications in metabolic genes ultimately contributing to a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adult offspring.
Using the Electronic Medical Record to Reduce Unnecessary Ordering of Coagulation Studies for Patients with Chest Pain.

Objectives: Our goal was to reduce ordering of coagulation studies in the emergency department (ED) that have no added value for patients presenting with chest pain. We hypothesized this could be achieved via implementation of a stopgap measure in the electronic medical record (EMR). Methods: A pre and post quasi-experimental study design was used to evaluate the impact of an EMR-based intervention on coagulation study ordering for patients with chest pain. A simple interactive prompt was incorporated into the EMR of our ED that required clinicians to indicate whether patients were on anticoagulation therapy prior to completion of orders for coagulation studies. Coagulation order frequency was measured before and after intervention via detailed review of randomly sampled encounters during two-month periods before and after intervention. Existing orders were classified as clinically indicated or non-value added. Order frequencies were calculated as percentages and differences between groups were assessed by chi-square analysis. Results: Pre-intervention, 73.8% (76/103) of patients with chest pain had coagulation studies ordered, of which 67.1% (51/76) were non-value added. Post-intervention, 38.5% (40/104) of patients with chest pain had coagulation studies ordered, of which 60% (24/40) were non-value added. There was an absolute reduction of 35.3% (95% CI: 22.7%, 48.0%) in the total ordering of coagulation studies and 26.4% (95% CI: 13.8%, 39.0%) in non-value added order placement. Conclusion: Simple EMR-based interactive prompts can serve as effective deterrents to indiscriminate ordering of diagnostic studies.
The role of dapsone in refractory idiopathic granulomatous mastitis

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign inflammatory breast disease. A definite etiology of IGM is still unknown. IGM classically presents as an unilateral, painful breast mass in women who are 30-40 years of age. Consensus treatment guidelines do not exist for the management of IGM. In this case report, we present a patient with IGM who was refractory to Prednisone and started on Dapsone as an alternative treatment. This case report highlights the use of Dapsone and the need for further research of IGM treatment modalities.
Kriminalomsorgen: A Look at the World's Most Humane Prison System in Norway

Kriminalomsorgen, Norway’s corrections system, is described as the world’s most humane prison system. Kriminalomsorgen focuses on rehabilitation and reintegration as the primary purposes of prison, and implements these policies through the Principle of Normality, which mandates that life in prison should be as similar to life outside of prison as possible. Norwegians believe that prison’s sole punishment should be the loss of liberty, and that offenders continue to be entitled to all other rights and services that every other citizen receives. Bastoy Prison and Halden Prison stand out as two of Norway’s most famous prisons, renowned for their lavish amenities and services.Comparing the Norwegian prison system with the American prison system reveals stark differences. The Norwegian system is far more expensive, with the cost per prisoner three times higher than it is in the American system. However, the Norwegian system appears to do a much better job of reducing recidivism than the American system. Indeed, the rate of American recidivism is up to three times higher than the rate of Norwegian recidivism.Kriminalomsorgen is an impressive system that does many things well, but implementing a similar system in the United States would prove difficult. Firstly, Norway is a much different country than the United States, as Norway is a small, homogenous country with a low prison population while the United States is a large, heterogeneous country with a massive prison population. Thus, a system that succeeds in Norway might not necessarily succeed in the United States. Secondly, Kriminalomsorgen is expensive, so implementing it in the United States would create a heavy financial burden. Finally, American emphasis on punishment and retribution clashes with the rehabilitative ideals underpinning Kriminalomsorgen.
Evaluating the Accessibility of the Job Search and Interview Process for People who are Blind and Visually Impaired

There is a 70% unemployment rate for people who are blind and visually impaired in the United States. In order to discover if the accessibility of the job search and interview process plays a role in the unemployment of this population, we interviewed people who are blind and visually impaired about their recent experiences regarding the job search and interview process. We discovered that there are many accessibility issues that can impact success in obtaining a job, including the inaccessibility of job applications, pre- and post-interview tests, and accommodations during the interview. We also found that often the employee onboarding, the process which helps new hires acclimate to a new environment, can be inaccessible to people with visual impairments. Based on these interviews, we developed new guidelines for employers.
Influence of Scale on Biomass Growth and Nutrient Removal in an Algal–Bacterial Leachate Treatment System

Data collected from experiments conducted at a flask scale are regularly used as input data for life cycle assessments and techno-economic analyses for predicting the potential productivities of large scale commercial facilities. This study measures and compares nitrogen removal and biomass growth rates in treatment systems that utilize an algae-bacteria consortium to remediate landfill leachate at three scales: small (0.25L), mid (100L) and large (1000L). The mid- and large-scale vessels were run for 52 consecutive weeks as semi-batch reactors under variable environmental conditions. The small-scale experiments were conducted in flasks as batch experiments under controlled environmental conditions. Kolomogov-Smirnov statistical tests, which compare the distributions of entire data sets, were used to determine if the ammonia removal, total nitrogen removal, and biomass growth rates at each scale were statistically different. Results from the Kolmogov-Smirnov comparison indicate that there is a significant...
Determination of the Heat Capacities of Gun Propellants by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The specific heat of gun propellants is an important physical parameter, since the burning rate of such materials depends, in part, on the thermal diffusivity of the unaltered solid. In order to support combustion modeling work, the specific heat vs temperature of a typical double-base propellant and four grades of cellulose nitrate were measured with a commercial differential scanning calorimeter, since measured specific heats were unavailable for these materials. The specific heat of the four military grade cellulose nitrates was measured from 298 to 390K. Over this temperature range, the specific heat of each grade may be represented as follows: Grade B, C¯p= (0.0184 + 0.764⊝) cal/g-K; Grade C (Type I), C¯p= (0.0201 + 0.786⊝) cal/g-K; Grade C (Type II), C¯p= (0.0241 + 0.791⊝) cal/g-K; and Grade D (Pyroxylin), C¯p= (0.0256 + 0.817⊝) cal/g-K, where ⊝ = T/1000K. The specific heat of X14 propellant was measured over the temperature interval of 283 to 343K. The specific heat of X14 can also be represented by the same two-term equation as the cellulose nitrates. For X14 the specific heat is C¯p= (0.118 + 0.066⊝), cal/g-K with ⊝ = 1000/T.
The Changing U.S. Immigration Policy on the Nexus of Security and Economy: Extending Visa-Waiver Program and Advocacy-Coalition Framework

ABSTRACTBy examining the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) in the case of the U.S. Visa Waiver Program (VWP), this article suggests that a dynamic foreign policy change on immigration issues is a ...
Needed: A Reform of America’s 20th Century Education System to Enter the 21st Century Global STEM Economy

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) occupations have powered the American economy for many years. As technology continues to develop and be used in all aspects of life, American citizens will need to be educated in a way that equips them to meet employer needs for the remainder of the 21st century and beyond. Despite America’s past leadership in STEM achievements, American students can no longer compete with their global peers in STEM during their K-12 education. Too many American school systems still hold the 20th century belief that students have deficits which can be fixed by providing more resources. American students do not need to be fixed to fit into the existing American education system; the existing American education system needs to be fixed to provide American students with opportunities to succeed. Many studies support the American education system taking a holistic approach that provides students with engaging and rigorous curricula, integrated and project based learning opportunities, teachers that are well trained and supported to teach integrated STEM curriculum, increased parental involvement opportunities and expectations, opportunities for students to develop interest and self-efficacy in STEM subjects and careers, and interactions with role models.
Structural Study of MgO Barrier Layer in Magnetic Devices for Computing

Pairwise computing problems can harness the dipolar interaction between the nanomagnets in which the output of the problem is translated into the relaxed magnetization of them. A nanomagnet can relax at any of the ground states based on the problem mapping: single domain state with strong dipolar interaction, and vortex domain state with no or minimal interaction. Magnetic tunnel junctions are used as the computing elements in this architecture to ease the problem of reading these states electrically, where dipolar interaction is only permitted between the free layers. These states are characterized by the magnetoresistance (TMR) of the cells which greatly depends on the crystallinity of the barrier layer, MgO. Therefore, a variation in the crystallinity of MgO layer has a significant impact on the accuracy of detecting the cells. In this work, we investigated the effect of crystallinity of MgO on TMR ratio due to the different proportion of Argon and Oxygen at different pressure during reactive sputtering. The effect of different annealing temperature was also investigated. We performed EDAX, XRR, XRD, TEM cross-section analysis of the thin films to make sure of the composition and phase of the material sputtered.
Lymphoid Follicle Morphology and Components

Unlike other organs, lymphoid follicles are not native to the skin. Therefore, many dermatopathologists may not be very familiar with these complex structures. The presence of lymphoid follicles in a skin biopsy is a pathologic finding and may occur in both benign and malignant infiltrates. The main compartments and their cellular components are reviewed.
Cardiac response to participation in Little League baseball competition as determined by telemetry.

Abstract Ten Little League baseball players whose ages ranged between 9–12 years served as subjects. Their heart rate response to Little League game competition was determined by telemetry. The data indicated high heart rates for “at bat” conditions with slight elevations for fielding. Other responses were rather average. Great fluctuation within and among subjects was noted. The data also indicate that the amount of exercise involved in 1½ to 2 hours of playing baseball is minimal.
Relationship between inorganic ion distribution, resting membrane potential and the ΔG' of ATP hydrolysis: a new paradigm.

Cell membrane potential and inorganic ion distributions are currently viewed from a kinetic electric paradigm, which ignores thermodynamics. The resting membrane potential is viewed as a diffusion ...
Becoming Clinically Grounded Teacher Educators: Inquiry Communities in Clinical Teacher Preparation:

Calls for the renewal of teacher preparation through clinical practice have left many novice teacher educators to learn on the job. This article reports on the research of two such novices, studyin...
Frontotemporal Dementia: Neuropathology, Genetics, Neuroimaging, and Treatments

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a group of clinical syndromes, including behavioral variant FTD, nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia, semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, FTD motor neuron disease, progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome, and corticobasal syndrome. Early on in its course, FTD is commonly seen in psychiatric clinics. In this article the authors review the neuroimaging, pathology, genetics, and therapeutic interventions for FTD spectrum disorders.
Characterization of Microstructure in Additively Manufactured 316L using Automated Serial Sectioning

Abstract A review is presented of recent advancements in characterization and automation and how this has led to a new generation of automated serial-sectioning facilities, which has allowed for the analysis of larger 3D datasets with thousands of objects of interest at high resolution. A case study is presented in which the Robotic Serial Sectioning System for 3D (RS3D) is used to analyze the correlation of the initialization of new grain orientations and defects within additively manufactured 316L steel. Finally, we provide a brief discussion of new technologies including new microscopy methods, machine learning, and sparse sampling that could potentially reduce the effort and cost of collecting and analyzing 3D microstructural data in the near future.
Projectile Point Size and Projectile Aerodynamics: An Exploratory Study

Although often treated as complete cultural entities, projectile points are only the partial remnants of complex projectile delivery systems. The problem explored in this paper is the inferences th...
Apelacja w postępowaniu procesowym w świetle nowelizacji Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r. Część 2 – orzeczenie kasatoryjne

In the amendment to the code of civil procedure and some other acts of July 4, 2019, the Polish legislator has carried out a comprehensive reform of proceedings in civil matters. The legislator introduced a number of changes to the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure. Extensive modification of procedural law is aimed at simplifying, streamlining and accelerating the hearing of cases before common courts. The introduced regulation was classified within the following groups: preparation of the case for examination, prevention of abuse of procedural law, evidence, justification of judgments and appeal proceedings, proceedings in commercial cases, other separate proceedings, general streamlining of proceedings, court costs, introductory provisions and other provisions.
The Polaron Problem

I want to thank ISIREA for giving me this opportunity to partcipate in the year long celebrartion of Dr. Rao’s centennial. I remember fondly my years at ISI and the encouragement and support Dr. Rao provided during that period. He has always remained in touch. I take this occasion to wish him good health.
ab initio study of Mn-based systems for oxidative degradation.

Abstract Organic contaminants can be removed from water/wastewater by oxidative degradation, using oxidants such as manganese oxides and/or aqueous manganese ions. The Mn species show a wide range of activity, which is related to the oxidation state of Mn. Here, we use ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to address Mn oxidation states in these systems. We first develop a correlation between Mn partial atomic charge and the oxidation state, based on results of 31 simulations on known Mn aqueous complexes. The results collapse to a master curve; the dependence of partial atomic charge on oxidation state weakens with increasing oxidation state, which concurs with a previously proposed feedback effect. This correlation is then used to address oxidation states in Mn systems used as oxidants. Simulations of MnO2 polymorphs immersed in water give average oxidation states (AOS) in excellent agreement with experimental results, in that β-MnO2 has the highest AOS, α-MnO2 has an intermediate AOS, and δ-MnO2 has the lowest AOS. Furthermore, the oxidation state varies substantially with the atom's environment, and these structures include Mn(III) and Mn(V) species that are expected to be active. In regard to the MnO4−/HSO3−/O2 system that has been shown to be a highly effective oxidant, we propose a novel Mn complex that could give rise to the oxidative activity, where Mn(III) is stabilized by sulfite and dissolved O2 ligands. Our simulations also show that the O2 would be activated to O22− in this complex under acidic conditions, and could lead to the formation of OH radicals that serve as oxidants.
Introducing the Issue

Food insecurity, or not having access to enough food to live an active healthy lifestyle, affects over 30% of low-income households with young children. With the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are estimates that there will be between 12 million and 18 million children experiencing food insecurity by the end of 2020. This brief will synthesize current knowledge about food insecurity’s effects on children, families, and households and will emphasize multiple pathways and variations across developmental contexts. This volume also focuses on emerging new methods that allow a more refined approach to inform practice and policy. This introduction provides a brief overview of the major research themes in food insecurity in households with children and how this volume addresses significant gaps in the literature. The chapters are briefly summarized, and the chapter concludes with recommendations for policy and practice based on the research provided in the volume.
SELECTIVE NON-PEPTIDE MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

SELECTIVE NON-PEPTIDE MU-OPIOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES By Lindsey C. K. Aschenbach, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008 Major Director: Dr. Yan Zhang, Assistant Professor Department of Medicinal Chemistry There are currently many opioid agonists available for clinical use as analgesics. However, many of these opioid agonists have notorious side effects including respiratory depression and may lead to addiction and dependence. Problems associated with these opioid agonists are determined to come from their interactions with the mu-opioid receptor. Opioid antagonists, such as naltrexone, have shown to aid in the treatment of opioid addiction. Although naltrexone has high affinity to the mu-opioid receptor, it lacks selectivity. Novel selective mu-opioid receptor antagonists were designed based on the identification of important pharmacophore elements in several known mu-opioid receptor agonists and antagonists. These compounds were synthesized and in vitro biological assays were conducted to determine their affinity to
Using ASR for Transcription of Teleconferences in IM Systems

The integration of voice transmission into instant messaging systems may be a boon for most of us, but causes a problem for others, that is, this integration will disadvantage those who are deaf and hard of hearing. This problem may be mitigated with transcription implemented with automated speech recognition (ASR). This paper describes a plug-in for IBM's Sametime instant messaging product that uses commercial ASR products to provide transcription. The user interface and the lessons learned from the wide use of the plug-in are described.
Can Parents Be Supported to Use a Responsive Interaction Style with Young Children

Responsive parenting frequently has been related to better social, emotional, and cognitive child outcomes in correlational studies and shows a positive causal influence on these outcomes in some experimental studies. This chapter discusses responsive parenting using the attachment and sociocultural theoretical frameworks. It describes empirical evidence that supports conceptualizing responsive parenting as a broader construct that includes affective-emotional and cognitively supportive behaviors that cut across both of these theoretical frameworks. Finally, evidence from two experimental studies designed to facilitate responsive parenting during infancy and the toddler and early preschool periods is presented. It demonstrates the importance of consistency in this style of parenting across the entire early childhood period.
A Re-examination of Market Reactions to Business Week's 'Inside Wall Street' Column

I re-examine the stock price reaction of stocks listed in Business Week's "Inside Wall Street" (IWS) column over the period July 1, 2002 to October 20, 2003. This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the specific reason for the stocks' recommendation in the IWS column, differential industry effects, differential stock exchange effects, and differential effects based on price targets. Results indicate announcement period returns of about 3% in the three-day announcement window. These results are more pronounced for positive reports. However, these positive abnormal returns are more than offset by negative cumulative abnormal returns in the subsequent six-month period. Additional findings indicate that firms recommended by analysts experience a smaller (-1,1) window return but a larger (2,126) window return than those recommended by investment firms; that those firms included in the IWS column because they have an expanding product line or are a possible takeover target experience positive and significant abnormal returns over the (-1,1) window; that the positive announcement period cumulative abnormal returns appear to be sustainable only for certain industries; and that the announcement period abnormal returns are largest for those firms listed on the Nasdaq and for firms for which a price target was given in the IWS column.
Effect of solder ball pitch and substrate material of printed wiring board on reliability under thermal cycling - a finite element analysis

A detailed Finite Element Model was created to study the effect of different parameters, structural and material, on the stresses/strains experienced by the different features in a composite containing chip package/solder ball/PWB, during thermal fatigue (-40/spl deg/C to 125/spl deg/C). The most prevalent failure mechanisms are the solder-ball failure due to cumulative creep-energy-density of the critical-solder-balls and the rupture of the surface dielectric (HDI Layer) of the PWB due to in-plane tensile strains. This analysis studied the effect of the solder ball pitch (800 /spl mu/m and 500 /spl mu/m) and the material properties of the HDI substrates, on the stresses at the solder balls. In general, a decrease in the BGA pitch increases the cumulative creep strain-energy density at the critical section of the solder ball, by about 50%. That, in turn, will increase the propensity of creep failure of the solder balls under thermal fatigue. Reduction of pitch-size also increased other stresses/strains of the solder balls (e.g. Von Misses stress). These stresses/strains at the solder balls were lower, when the HDI substrate in the PWB had low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The adverse effects of decreasing pitch-size can be compensated by use of a reinforced surface dielectric with low CTE, and thus increase the reliability of the structure under thermal fatigue.
Monte Carlo Study of Seismic Structural Safety

A SIMULATION OF THE LATERAL GROUND MOTION OF STRONG EARTHQUAKES IS PERFORMED USING A RANDOM FUNCTION GENERATOR AND AN ANALOG COMPUTER. THE STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SIMULATED EARTHQUAKE ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF ACTUAL EARTHQUAKES. THE SIMULATION IS THEN USED AS THE EXCITATION APPLIED TO A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM, WHICH IS ALSO MODELED ON THE ANALOG COMPUTER. THE STATISTICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE MAGNITUDE OF THE STRUCTURE'S PEAK RESPONSE IS ESTABLISHED USING A MONTE CARLO TECHNIQUE WITH SEVERAL EARTHQUAKE SIMULATIONS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURAL RESPONSE. THE ANALOG COMPUTER HAS THE ADVANTAGE OVER THE DIGITAL COMPUTER IN THAT TYPE I DISTRIBUTION OF MAXIMA IS USED TO DESCRIBE THE RESPONSE DISTRIBUTION. THE EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED STATISTICAL PARAMETERS RELATE DIRECTLY TO THE SEISMIC SAFETY OF A STRUCTURE. IN ADDITION, A STUDY OF THE SEISMIC RELIABILITY OF THE BILINEAR HARDENING SYSTEM IS GIVEN AS AN EXAMPLE. /ASCE/
Hemoglobin and hematocrit studies in the newborn with ligated and nonligated umbilical cords.

Abstract The present study included 151 infants divided into two groups. In one group the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were observed 1 hour and 72 hours following birth. In the second group, the hemoglobin and hematocrit were studied 72 hours following birth. These groups were divided into infants with ligated and those with non-ligated cords. In both the ligated and nonligated groups the infants remained below the level of the placenta until the cord was severed (5 minutes and 1 hour after birth, respectively). In both groups the hemoglobin and hematocrit were higher in the non-ligated groups, although the differences were not marked and in general were without statistical significance. As far as sex is concerned, the hemoglobin and hematocrit were slightly higher in the females.
Viruses and Protozoan Parasites in Food, Including Methodology

Food Vehicles of Viruses and Protozoa Problems in Testing for Viruses and Protozoa in Foods Extraction and Concentration of Viruses from Food Extraction and Concentration of Protozoa from Food Viability (Infectivity) Criteria in Testing Interpretation of Results Keywords: food contamination; methodology; protozoan parasites in food; viruses in food
A Digital High-Definition Imaging System for Spectral Studies of Extended Planetary Atmospheres. I. Initial Results in White Light Showing Features on the Hemisphere of Mercury Unimaged by Mariner 10

We present an instrumentation plan for spectral imaging of Mercury's extended atmosphere. The approach depends upon simultaneous short-exposure images in white light and sodium, with the former used to select the frames for postintegration of the sodium images. The effects of atmospheric seeing are thus minimized by the combination of high-speed exposures and subsequent selective integration. The instrumentation to be used is a long-slit imaging echelle spectrometer equipped with an image slicer and an imaging photon detector. A test of the white-light component of the technique has yielded a best-to-date image of a portion of Mercury's surface not photographed during the Mariner 10 mission.
Recent advances in automatic radar target identification

The author considers a class of algorithms that are applicable to the detection and identification of low-observable targets. These algorithms, which are based on adaptive forms of sequential hypothesis testing techniques are shown to be effective in minimizing the number of measurements required to perform a detection or identification decision. In addition, the author describes the implementation and evaluation of target classification based on structural descriptions derived from polarimetric backscatter measurements. Practical scenarios where the characteristics of the measured signal may be significantly altered by an addition to or deletion from the standard target operating configuration are considered. In these cases, an approach based on target structure is capable of localizing its effects on the classification or interpretation of the target. >
Ochroconis gallopava: a dematiaceous mold causing infections in transplant recipients.

Qureshi ZA, Kwak EJ, Nguyen MH, Silveira FP. Ochroconis gallopava: a dematiaceous mold causing infections in transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2012: 26: E17–E23. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: The dematiaceous mold Ochroconis gallopava is increasingly recognized as a human pathogen. Infection is almost always associated with immunosuppression. We describe a case with a unique presentation in a kidney transplant recipient and retrospectively review all 10 cases of O. gallopava at our institution over 18 yr, all in organ transplant recipients. Sixty percent of infections at our institution occurred in the last five yr studied. Infection generally occurred late after transplantation, and pulmonary infection was the most common manifestation. Use of almetuzumab for induction was associated with infection in the first six months post-transplant (p = 0.03). Attributable mortality at six months was 20%. Ochroconis gallopava is a rare but important pathogen in immunosuppressed individuals and organ transplantation is the most common underlying condition. Pulmonary involvement is the most common manifestation among patients with organ transplant. Optimal therapy remains undefined. Prognosis in organ transplant recipients is good if infection is diagnosed prior to dissemination.
A fiber optic local area network based on soliton-dragging gates

As fiber optics become the dominant physical medium for high-performance communication networks, several protocols have been suggested to exploit the advantages offered by this transmission medium. The Register Insertion Bus (RIB) access scheme has been demonstrated as a folded-bus topology network, similar to C-Net and D-Net. By exploiting the buffer scheme found in the Register Insertion Ring, RIB manages to reduce overhead which is present in a train-type protocol. In this paper we present an all-optical implementation for a RIB interface using control logic implemented by soliton-dragging gates. >
Measurement of antiretroviral drugs in the lungs of HIV-infected patients

AIMS: Prior studies have shown that HAART is associated with decreased HIV viral load in the lungs. The correlation between antiretroviral exposure in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and virologic response was evaluated in patients starting HAART and enrolled in The AIDS Clinical Trial Group Protocol 723. MATERIALS #ENTITYSTARTX00026; METHODS: A total of 24 subjects underwent blood and BAL sampling prior to starting HAART, and after 4 and 24 weeks of HAART. Drug concentrations and HIV RNA were measured in paired plasma and BAL samples. RESULTS: Antiretroviral drugs, including efavirenz, were detectable in BAL fluid of HIV-infected subjects beginning HAART. Efavirenz was also associated with a higher likelihood of clearing HIV RNA from the lungs. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the excellent pulmonary virologic response to antiretroviral therapy may, in part, be due to penetration of antiretroviral drugs into the alveolar compartment.
Age, gender, and fitness club membership: Factors related to initial involvement and sustained participation

Abstract This study examined individual and contextual factors that contribute to initial involvement and sustained participation in fitness club membership across age and gender. A web‐based survey (N = 326) revealed the top participation motives were health and functioning and appearance, while factors facilitating commitment were seeing physical changes and feeling in control. Significant age and gender differences were found across variables. Appearance‐related issues were more critical for young and middle‐aged adults and more important for women than men. Feeling in control was most important to middle‐aged adults and rated more important to women than men. In general, older adults placed less importance on qualities of the fitness club (convenience, extra amenities, and time‐related factors) than their younger peers, and women rated these qualities to be more important than men. Implications for individuals belonging to a fitness club and for those operating such a facility are discussed
Conceptions over time: Are language and the here-and-now up to the task?

Is it possible to explain students’ conceptions of natural phenomena purely in terms of the interactions between two people and the language they use during an interview? I argue that this hypothesis cannot be accepted on several grounds. First, contextual factors prior to the interview influence the course of its events, and that these in turn influence future events. Second, people have agency over their interactions and the ability to use language creatively in ways that a strong version of language preordination inherent in this hypothesis would not permit. Third, people bring language fluency and ideas to an interview that allow them to grapple with phenomena and issues they might not have previously considered, and formulate conceptions that they can and do use in future interactions. In addition, I argue that the field of science education is able to consider curricular and instructional issues relating to students’ conceptions without resorting to the extremes of cultural relativism or intellectual imperialism, and that conceptual change theory addresses both the processes and outcomes of students’ interactions.
Induced hypothermia: a novel neuroprotective treatment of neonatal encephalopathy after intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia.

The current treatment approach to an infant at risk for progression to neonatal encephalopathy after intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia is threefold: 1) early identification of the infant at highest risk for evolving brain injury based on the criteria of a sentinel event during labor, prolonged depression at birth with the need for resuscitation, and evidence of severe fetal acidemia based on a cord umbilical arterial pH less than 7 and/or a base deficit more than -16 meq per L, with early clinical and/or electroencephalogram assessment of moderate to severe encephalopathy; 2) supportive therapy instituted to maintain adequate ventilation and in particular pCO2levels in a normal range, mean arterial blood pressure within a normal range so as to avoid perturbations in cerebral perfusion, glucose in a normal range to avoid hypoglycemia, and the judicious treatment of seizures; and 3) neuroprotection—induced hypothermia is currently the only strategy that has been rigorously evaluated in two large, multicenter randomized studies. The first study used selective cooling with a cool cap to a rectal temperature at 34.5° C, and the second study used total body cooling to an esophageal temperature of 33.5° C, with the temperature in both studies maintained for 72 hours. No significant side effects were noted with this degree of cooling. The combined data indicate that hypothermia is associated with a reduction in the incidence of death and/or severe disability at 18 months follow-up, with the most significant effect observed in infants who at the initiation of therapy present with modest encephalopathy and/or do not exhibit electrographic seizures.
Theory of detonation initiation behind reflected shock waves.

An IBM 7094 digital computer program using the Method of Characteristics for nonsteady one-dimensional flow with heat addition has been developed to predict the properties of detonation initiation behind a reflected shock wave in hydrogen-oxygen-argon mixtures. It is postulated that the gas compressed by the reflected shock begins to react exothermically after a finite induction delay period. The locus of points at which this reaction begins is assumed to form a "reaction wave" that travels through the reactive gas mixture with a velocity that is determined by both the motion of the initiating reflected shock and the reaction kinetics. In addition, a reaction-shock wave is formed upstream of this reaction wave because of heating in the exothermic reaction region. The accelerations of the reaction and reaction-shock waves are found to be coupled through a variable delay time that is dependent on the compressional heating history of each gas particle. The results obtained from the analysis agree with experimentally determined results in both qualitative and quantitative detail and therefore show that this type of detonation initiation represents a simple iiotisteady, one-dimensional coupling of gas dynamics and homogeneous chemical reaction.
Cascade of the field induced spin density wave transition in Bechgaard Salts

Abstract Making use of a two dimensional tight binding quasi-particle energy spectrum for organic conductors (Bechgaard Salts), we obtain an analytical expression of the spin density wave (SDW) transition temperature in a high magnetic field along the c ∗ direction. The present theory predicts a cascade of SDW transitions which describes very well the observed transitions in (TMTSF) 2 C l O 4 .
Effects of the S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors 3‐deazaadenosine and 3‐deazaaristeromycin on RNA methylation and synthesis

The effects of 3-deazaaristeromycin and 3-deazaadenosine on RNA methylation and synthesis were examined in the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264. S-Adenosylhomocysteine accumulated in cells incubated with 3-deazaaristeromycin while S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine was the major product in cells incubated with 3-deazaadenosine and homocysteine thiolactone. RNA methylation was inhibited to a similar extent by the accumulation of either S-adenosylhomocysteine or S-3-deazaadenosylhomocysteine, with S-adenosylhomocysteine being a slightly better inhibitor. In mRNA, the synthesis of N6-methyladenosine and N6-methyl-2'-O-methyladenosine were inhibited to the greatest extent, while the synthesis of 7-methylguanosine and 2'-O-methyl nucleosides were inhibited to a lesser extent. Incubation of cells with 100 microM 3-deazaaristeromycin or with 10 microM 3-deazaadenosine and 50 microM homocysteine thiolactone produced little inhibition of mRNA synthesis, even though mRNA methylation was inhibited. In contrast, mRNA synthesis was greatly inhibited by treatment of cells with 100 microM 3-deazaadenosine and the inhibition of synthesis was not correlated with an inhibition of methylation.
A polyketone synthesis involving nucleophilic substitution via carbanions derived from bis(α-aminonitrile)s. 5. A new, well-controlled route to long bisphenol and activated aromatic dihalide monomers

Very efficient syntheses of “long” bisphenol and activated dihalide monomers containing keto groups were developed on the basis of α-aminonitrile chemistry. Known and novel activated dihalide monom...
Iron, vitamin E, and folate in the preterm infant.

INCREASING NUMBERS of small prematurely born infants are surviving as a result of intensified perinatal care. Soon after birth, they require a special approach to nutrition that takes into consideration the early cessation of transplacental supply of nutrients, certain underlying metabolic handicaps, and the potential for an unusually rapid rate of growth. The small premature infant differs from the term infant in that his nutritional requirements may not be completely met by breast milk (supplemented with vitamins A, C, and D) or by proprietary infant formulas. In order to meet some of these requirements, it has become the practice to give additional vitamins and/or minerals in the form of separate supplements, as new evidence of deficiency is discovered. Naturally, those deficiency states that are most familiar and easily diagnosed are the first to be corrected. For example, severe rickets was found to develop on a nutritional basis in small infants even though they were fed vitamin D-supplemented formula. ~ There is increasing recognition of the need to detect and prevent not only such advanced malnutrition but also the milder and more subtle forms of malnutrition to be described here. This discussion will focus primarily on iron, vitamin E, and folate requirements in premature infants with a birth weight below 2,000 gm. Each of the three nutrients must be supplied as a supplement, but optimal regimens in respect to dose and timing are still being developed. The deficiency states of iron, vitamin E, and folate also have in common the relative ease with which they are detected, since they produce changes that can be readily measured in the peripheral blood. Conse-
Transcription of ncDNA: Many roads lead to local gene regulation.

Transcription of ncDNA occurs throughout eukaryotic genomes, generating a wide array of ncRNAs. One large class of ncRNAs include those transcribed over the promoter regions of nearby protein coding genes. Recent studies primarily focusing on individual genes have uncovered multiple mechanisms by which promoter-associated transcriptional activity locally alters gene expression.
The shared verbal stylistics of Preston Sturges and Wes Anderson

Scholars have frequently commented on Wes Anderson's visual style of high-angle shots, lengthy close-ups, and mise-en-scene that borders on the baroque, yet discussions of his verbal style have been minimal. An in-depth review of this style, set against the films of Preston Sturges, to which Anderson's are often compared, reveals the filmmakers' shared investments in defamiliarization, including predilections for wordplay, meta-language, explicitly scripted language, and national languages other than English. Such comparisons attest to Sturges' enduring relevance while clarifying the nature of Anderson's verbal style.
Factors which are associated with dental decay in the older individual

Objectives:To improve reliability of salivary bacterial cultures as a surrogate for plaque levels of cariogenic bacterial species by reporting the salivary CFUs of these organisms as a function of the number of teeth. Design:Cross-sectional collection of data in a convenience sample of adults over 60 years of age. Setting:Hospital Dental clinic, University bacteriology laboratory. Subjects:523 older dentate subjects, average age 70, including 412 subjects who were in an independent living status and 111 in a dependent-living situation. Main outcome measures: Subjects were examined for decay and the presence of salivary factors including the levels of S. mutans, lactobacilli, yeast and other bacteria. The salivary levels of the bacteria were adjusted for the number of teeth in the mouth, and the resultant values were entered into multivariable logistic regression models along with clinical and other salivary parameters. Results:Mutans streptococci levels reported as CFUs/ml saliva per tooth were significantly associated with coronal surface decay, and lactobacilli, reported in a similar way, were significantly associated with root surface decay. Salivary levels of yeasts, which had previously been associated with decay in this population, were no longer significant using this construct. Conclusions: This construct of reporting salivary bacteriological data as a function of tooth number and per ml saliva could improve the reliability of bacteriological data obtained in epidemiological studies investigating the role of bacteria in dental decay in the elderly.
Localization of supersymmetric Chern-Simons-Matter theory on a squashed S 3 with SU(2) U(1) isometry

Localization of supersymmetric $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 Chern-Simons-Matter theory on a squashed S 3 with SU(2) × U(1) isometry has been studied by different groups of authors. In this paper, we localize the theory on a squashed S 3 with SU(2) × U(1) isometry and a class of complex background. We see that certain kinds of shifts of the background gauge fields are crucial in obtaining nontrivial results, and the previously found results on this manifold can be incorporated in our results as special limits.
A Quantitative Method for Sampling Riverine Microhabitats by Electrofishing

Abstract An electrofishing device and sampling procedure was developed to sample lotic microhabitats. The device consists of a rectangular electrode frame powered by an alternating current generator. The device was very effective in immobilizing fish within the electrode frame. A time delay between setting and sampling electrode frames permitted a period without disturbance prior to sampling. No significant correlations were found between capture rates and time delays greater than 11 minutes. Consistent results were obtained in repeated sampling of a variety of microhabitats within a single stream reach. The device and sampling procedure allows multispecies abundances to be quantified with regard to discrete units of microhabitat and a priori sampling designs to be used.
Does testing initiate decay of McCollough effects

Results of several experiments (e.g., Jones & Holding, 1975) have suggested that McCollough effects (MEs) decay little, if at all, in the absence of testing. We attempted to confirm these reports in a paradigm different from that used in previous work. The earlier findings did not generalize to our methodology: MEs measured some number of hours after induction were similar regardless of whether an initial test had been administered previously. We discuss possible explanations for the discrepancy between our results and previous findings. We speculate that a key methodological feature is the luminance of the test pattern.
Aerobraking Cost and Risk Decisions

Four missions have successfully employed aerobraking at Venus and Mars to reduce the spacecraft orbit period and achieve the desired orbit geometry. The propellant mass reductions enabled by the aerobraking technique allow the use of smaller launch systems, which translate to significant savings in launch costs for flight projects. However, there is a significant increase in mission risk associated with the use of aerobraking. Flying a spacecraft through a planetary atmosphere hundreds of times during months of around-the-clock operations places the spacecraft in harm's way, and is extraordinarily demanding on the flight team. There is a cost/risk trade that must be evaluated when a project is choosing between a mission baseline that includes aerobraking, or selecting a larger launch vehicle to enable purely propulsive orbit insertion. This paper provides a brief history of past and future aerobraking missions, describes the aerobraking technique, summarizes the costs associated with aerobraking, and concludes with a suggested methodology for evaluating the cost/risk trade when considering the aerobraking approach.