cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Posttreatment Evaluation of Central Nervous System Gliomas

Although conventional contrast-enhanced MR imaging remains the standard-of-care imaging method in the posttreatment evaluation of gliomas, recent developments in therapeutic options such as chemoradiation and antiangiogenic agents have caused the neuro-oncology community to rethink traditional imaging criteria. This article highlights the latest recommendations. These recommendations should be viewed as works in progress. As more is learned about the pathophysiology of glioma treatment response, quantitative imaging biomarkers will be validated within this context. There will likely be further refinements to glioma response criteria, although the lack of technical standardization in image acquisition, postprocessing, and interpretation also need to be addressed.
The rain range experiment--Propagation through a simulated rain environment

The rain range experiment was conducted to test the adequacy of the assumptions usually made in the analysis of attenuation or phase shift due to rain: spherical drop shape, Mie scattering for a single drop, and single scattering theory for the coherent summation of the effects of each drop. A sprayer system was built that provided a stable drop size distribution that was measured and used for the estimation of the attenuation and phase shift on a line-of-sight measurement path through the spray. Measurements of attenuation and phase shift were made using vertical and horizontal polarization at 7.9 GHz and vertical polarization at 33.9 GHz. The results of the experiment show agreement between measurements and the theoretical model. The 7.9 GHz data also showed the attenuation and phase shift for horizontal polarization to be higher than for vertical polarization.
Understanding the benefit and costs of communities of practice

Promoting healthy collaboration in communities of practice takes management support at all levels. And management, of course, wants and needs to comprehend what the firm gets for that investment.
Evolving Landscape of Cellular Network Traffic

Recent technological advances have resulted in a dramatic change in the market shares of cellular mobile devices. However, little is known about the impact of these changes on the landscape of cellular network traffic. Using anonymized traces from one million cellular subscribers, we conduct a comparative study of the usage characteristics of three different types of mobile devices: feature phones, air cards, and smart phones. Our study covers three aspects: traffic volume in terms of data, voice, and short messages and corresponding temporal fluctuations, applications breakdown in data access, and the presence of malicious traffic. Our study reveals some similarities as well as distinct differences among the three device types. These insights into the modern cellular network traffic could influence how cellular carriers manage and provision their networks.
Distinguishing the relative contribution of fossil fuel and biomass combustion aerosols deposited at Summit, Greenland through isotopic and molecular characterization of insoluble carbon

Abstract Quantifying combustion aerosols transported to Summit, Greenland has typically involved the measurement of water-soluble inorganic and organic ions in air, snow, and ice. However, the ubiquitous nature of atmospheric soluble ions makes it difficult to separate the combustion component from the natural component. More specific combustion indicators are therefore needed to accurately quantify inputs from biomass and fossil-fuel burning. This work reports on radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis of elemental carbon (EC) and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of water-insoluble particles from a snowpit excavated at Summit, Greenland in 1996. The 14 C measurements allowed us to quantify the relative contribution of EC from biomass burning and fossil-fuel combustion transported to and deposited at Summit during periods of 1994 and 1995. Specific PAHs associated with conifer combustion helped to identify snowpit layers impacted by forest fires. Our results show that fossil EC was the major component during spring and fall 1994, while biomass EC and fossil EC were present in roughly equal amounts during summer 1994. PAH ratios in spring layers of the snowpit indicate substantial inputs from anthropogenic sources and the ΣPAH depth profile displays springtime maxima that coincided with non-sea-salt sulfate ion maximum concentrations. In other layers, ammonium ion concentrations were independent of the isotopic and molecular carbon measurements. This work demonstrates the utility of radiocarbon techniques to quantify the two different sources of combustion-generated particles at Summit; however, portions of the 14 C results were indeterminate due to large uncertainties that were the result of chemical impurities introduced in the EC isolation technique. Additionally, PAH measurements were successfully performed on as little as 100 ml of snowmelt water, demonstrating the potential for future finer sample resolution.
Interactions between c-Jun, nuclear factor 1, and JC virus promoter sequences: Implications for viral tropism

The infectious cycle of the human polyomavirus JC (JCV) is ultimately regulated in cellular nuclei at the level of viral protein expression and genomic replication. Such activity is prompted by interactions between variant nucleotide sequences within the JCV regulatory region (promoter) and cellular transcription factors that bind specific DNA consensus sites. In previous work we identified an NF-1 class member, NF-1X, as a critical transcription factor affecting the JCV cellular host range. Within variant JCV promoters, as well as other viral and cellular promoters, adjacently located NF-1 and AP-1 consensus sites are often found. The close proximity of these two binding sites suggests the opportunity for interaction between NF-1 and AP-1 proteins. Here, by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we show temporal and dose-dependent interference by an AP-1 family member, c-Jun, upon NF-1 proteins binding an NF-1 consensus site derived from JCV promoter sequence. Moreover, as demonstrated by protein-protein interaction assays, we identify specific binding affinity independent of DNA binding between NF-1X and c-Jun. Finally, to compare the binding profiles of NF-1X and c-Jun on JCV promoter sequence in parallel with in vivo detection of viral activity levels, we developed an anchored transcriptional promoter (ATP) assay. With use of extracts from JCV-infected cells transfected to overexpress either NF-1X or c-Jun, ATP assays showed concurrent increases in NF-1X binding and viral protein expression. Conversely, increased c-Jun binding accompanied decreases in both NF-1X binding and viral protein expression. Therefore, inhibition of NF-1X binding by c-Jun appears to play a role in regulating levels of JCV activity.
Enhanced self-diffusion of water in restricted geometry.

Self-diffusion of water contained in a porous glass is observed to be strongly enhanced if the pore space is only partially filled. This can be explained by a novel mechanism involving indirect molecular exchange between the liquid and the vapor phase. A theoretical model fits the pulsed-field-gradient NMR diffusion measurements with no adjustable parameters. NMR relaxation measurements were performed to provide a characterization of the homogeneity of the samples.
Making the transition from hospital to home: Caring for the newly diagnosed

Current trends in the management of health care show increasing pressure for earlier discharge of children, and their families may or may not be ready to continue the child's care at home. This article provides information that helps the home care provider bridge the transition from hospital care to home care. Care frequently is coordinated by a hospital-based clinical nurse specialist who provides psychosocial support, reinforces teaching, minimizes risks for complications, and performs home infusion therapy, such as antibiotics, chemotherapy, analgesics, total parenteral nutrition, and biologic therapy.
Preclinical study of influenza virus A M2 peptide conjugate vaccines in mice, ferrets, and rhesus monkeys

A universal influenza virus vaccine that does not require frequent updates and/or annual immunizations will offer significant advantages over current seasonal flu vaccines. The highly conserved influenza virus A M2 membrane protein has been previously suggested as a potential antigen target for such a vaccine. Here, we report systematic evaluation of M2 peptide conjugate vaccines (synthetic peptides of M2 extracellular domain conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein complex (OMPC)) in mice, ferrets, and rhesus monkeys. The conjugate vaccines were highly immunogenic in all species tested and were able to confer both protection against lethal challenge of either H1N1 or H3N1 virus in mice and reduce viral shedding in the lower respiratory tracts of mice and ferrets. The protection against lethal challenge in mice could also be achieved by passive transfer of monkey sera containing high M2 antibody titers. In addition, we showed that M2 antisera were cross reactive with M2 peptides derived from a wide range of human influenza A strains, but they failed to react with M2 peptides of the pathogenic H5N1 virus (A/Hong Kong/97). The data presented here will permit better understanding of the potential of an M2-based vaccine approach.
Adults' impact on the suggestibility of preschoolers' recollections

Abstract Seventy-seven preschoolers (45 boys and 32 girls) between the ages of 4 and 6 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups and asked to draw a picture that they then discussed with their teacher. During a subsequent review, participants in the first two groups were told by an adult—either their teacher or a researcher unfamiliar to them—that the child's teacher had touched the child on the leg during their discussion. In fact, the teacher had touched the child's arm. Participants in the control condition reviewed the same activities with the researcher, but all references to touching were omitted. Seven to 12 days later, a second researcher questioned participants about whether they had been touched by their teacher during the target event and, if so, where. Overall, the results of this study indicated that the majority of preschool-aged children are not susceptible to misinformation presented by an adult when that misinformation concerns an actual event in which the child was personally involved. A closer examination indicated that children were more likely to appear suggestible when they were asked leading questions regarding the target event. Age also appeared to be a factor in children's suggestibility, with results suggesting that there may be a threshold age—approximately four and a half years—after which children's suggestibility is diminished. All results further indicated a relationship between suggestibility and children's overall memory performance. However, these results did not indicate that children's susceptibility to suggestion is affected by their relationship to the adult presenting the suggestion.
Penetration into dry porous rock

Abstract I developed closed-form solutions for forces on projectiles that penetrated geological targets. Constitutive target description consisted of a linear hydrostat and a Mohr-Coulomb failurecriterion with a tension cutoff. Predictions from the model were in reasonably good agreement with deceleration data from full-scale field-tests into dry, tuff targets.
Acute tachycardia and pressor effects following injections of kainic acid into the antero-dorsal medial hypothalamus

Abstract The responses of systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate to intra-cerebral injections of the excitatory neurotoxin, kainic acid, were examined in urethane-anesthetized rats. Injections of kainic acid into the antero-dorsal medial hypothalamus produced dose-related increases in both blood pressure and heart rate over a range of 30–1000 ng. Exophthalmos, mydriasis, increased respiratory rate and movements of the vibrissae were also noted. Injections of 1000 ng of kainic acid into the antero-dorsal medial hypothalamus produced significantly greater increases in blood pressure and heart rate than comparable injections of equimolar doses of the excitatory neurotoxins, quisqualic acid, N-methyl- d -aspartic acid or quinolinic acid. No differences in the magnitude of the cardiovascular responses to 1000 ng of kainic acid were detected between injections directed towards the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus or lateral cerebral ventricle. In contrast, at doses of 30 ng, injections directed towards the paraventricular nucleus produced significantly greater responses than comparable injections into the lateral hypothalamus, medial thalamus or lateral cerebral ventricle. The distribution of radiolabelled kainic acid at this dose was found to extend ipsilaterally in the medial hypothalamus as far as 1 mm rostral and caudal to the injection site. The results suggest that excitation of neuronal cell bodies within the medial hypothalamus by excitatory neurotoxins produces acute increases in blood pressure and heart rate. However, widespread diffusion of kainic acid, in particular, was documented and caution in interpretation of the results produced by local intra-cerebral injections of this agent is recommended.
Clinical characteristics and survival of patients with AIDS cholangiopathy associated acute pancreatitis

Clinical characteristics and survival of patients with AIDS cholangiopathy associated acute pancreatitis
Efficient safety index calculation for structural reliability analysis

Abstract This paper proposes an efficient structural reliability analysis algorithm with an adaptive nonlinear approximation of performance function, in which the nonlinearity of the function is controlled by the feedback information from the previous iteration. The proposed analysis procedure includes (1) identifying the most probable point of a limit state, (2) establishing an approximate nonlinear performance function by using intervening variables and (3) applying the HL-RF or the modified HL-RF method. The method is suitable not only for problems that involve explicit performance functions, but also for problems that need computer-intensive structural analysis. Several examples are presented in this paper to demonstrate the performance of the analysis method using large coefficients of variation and nonnormal distribution of random variables.
Electronic structure of La2CuO4 with constrained d9 configuration

Abstract The self-consistent, spin-polarized electronic structure of La 2 CuO 4 has been calculated by treating the Cu 3d orbitals as core states using a first principles tight binding method. The d 9 configuration is maintained by constraining the d x 2 −y 2 orbital to have exactly one hole. The Cu projected 3d density of states is compared with XPS data which shows the binding energy of the Cu states are lower than the results from standard band structure calculations. The width of the calculated states is too narrow indicating the degree of hybridization with oxygen p states.
Photothrombotic infarction triggers multiple episodes of cortical spreading depression in distant brain regions

The purposes of this study were to determine whether cortical spreading depression occurs outside of the infarct produced by photothrombotic vascular occlusion, and also the direction of spreading....
POSTSTENOTIC DILATATION OF THE AORTA WITH MUSCULAR SUBAORTIC STENOSIS.

Abstract The 3 cases which constitute this report represent the first examples of dilatation of the ascending aorta associated with muscular subaortic stenosis. Heretofore, the absence of poststenotic dilatation has been considered to be a necessary feature of this type of left ventricular outflow obstruction. In one of the cases there was an associated aortic ejection sound, the presence of which has generally been considered to be strong evidence against the diagnosis of muscular subaortic stenosis. Although the absence of aortic ejection sounds and the absence of poststenotic dilatation of the aorta remain useful clinical signs, the observations herein described indicate that their presence no longer excludes muscular subaortic stenosis as a diagnostic possibility.
Representation of finite-range increasing filters in the context of computational morphology

The classical Matheron representation of gray-scale filters considers images to possess infinite range, in particular so that they are range translation invariant. A key aspect of the theory is that binary morphology algebraically embeds into gray-scale with binary images possessing gray range minus infinity and zero. While this structure causes no algebraic problems, it does create both topological and probabilistic difficulties. In particular, the theory of optimal gray- scale filters does not contain the theory of optimal binary filters as a special case, and the optimal gray-scale filter takes finite-range images, say [0,M], and yields images with range [-M,2M]. These anomalies are mitigated by the theory of computational morphology. Here, morphological filters preserve the gray range and possess very simple Matheron-type representations. Besides range preservation for finite-range images, the key difference in computational morphology is that a filter possesses a vector of bases, not a single basis. The salient feature remains, that of the filter being represented in terms of erosions.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Goldstone bosons to gravitons: A new gravity-wave production mechanism.

We propose a new mechanism for gravity-wave production: the conversion of Goldstone bosons to gravitons in the presence of an external gravitational field. We compute the gravity-wave luminosity for the cases in which the external fields are due to various types of black holes: Schwarzschild, Reissner-Nordstroem, and Kerr. We also consider the case of the Schwarzschild constant-density star. The Goldstone-boson-induced gravity-wave luminosities are largely independent of the mass of the black hole. For the Goldstone bosons we have considered (the omion, recently proposed by Sikivie) these luminosities are small. However this is not due to effects inherent in the conversion process, rather this smallness comes about due to the incoming Goldstone-boson spectrum.
Adoption and adaptation in the use of transaction processing systems: The case of OCLC software

Abstract Library networks have developed transaction processing software as automation tools for technical and public services, based on generic library models. Transaction processing systems are shown to be a flexible type of design, allowing users to introduce modifications which aid their individual objectives: 92% of user institutions reported they made local modifications to standard OCLC practices and procedures. These findings are discussed in terms of network models for decision making in software use; methodology of software user studies; and diffusion of innovation processes in post-implementation stages of transaction processing software.
Biosynthesis and processing of presumed neurosecretory proteins in single identified neurons of Aplysia californica.

The biosynthesis and processing of low molecular weight protein (presumed neurosecretory protein) in cells R15, R14 and L11 of Aplysia californica was studied at high resolution by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate. The number of low molecular weight proteins detected in each cell ranges from 3 in R14 and L11 to 5 or 6 in R15. In each of the cells studied, the low molecular weight protein consists of a primary precursor of ca. 12,000 daltons, and its proteolytic processing products. In each cell, the smallest protein, or in the case of R14, one of the two smallest proteins, accumulates to a significant extent, suggesting that it might correspond to a final processed neurohormone. In cell R15, the biosynthesis of the primary precursor and its subsequent processing to smaller peptides is largely unaffected by removal of extracellular calcium, by replacement of calcium with cobalt or by inhibition of spontaneous bursting via stimulation of the brachial nerve.
Approximate dynamical relation between elastic and inelastic eikonal cross sections

Abstract Heuristic derivations are given for a relation linking elastic and inelastic cross sections, satisfied in the simplest cases by the sets of field-theoretic tower graphs.
Advanced electronic phase stepped interferometry (EPSI) for detection and characterization of early-stage damage in aerospace materials

An advanced electronic phase stepped interferometry (EPSI) system is described for quantitative out-of-plane displacement and surface topography measurements for NDE applications. Image processing algorithms were developed using novel techniques to extend the sensitivity of EPSI and provide near real-time measurement capability. EPSI is known to provide out-of-plane displacement and surface topography measurements on the order of 1/20-1/100 microns. Noise can be a limiting factor, however, and robust phase unwrapping, which is required, remains an open and active research area. A prototype EPSI system was developed and tested using simulated and real data sets of known displacement fields. A robust maximum-likelihood binary-tree (MLBT) phase unwrapping technique was developed, providing greater robustness in the presence of noise than standard techniques. In addition, the MLBT algorithm lends itself to efficient and fast parallel implementations for near-real time implementation. The use of these advanced algorithms improves the capabilities of existing EPSI techniques, providing more robustness and near real-time measurements. Results are provided for deformations in Ti-6Al-4V and Al2024-T3 aerospace materials.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Repression by the cI protein of phage λ: Interaction with RNA polymerase☆

Abstract We have carried out experiments designed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which the cI protein of phage λ functions as a repressor of RNA synthesis catalyzed by the host RNA polymerase. We find that the cI protein can inhibit RNA synthesis if added before RNA polymerase binds to λ DNA, after RNA polymerase binds, or even after formation of an “initiated complex” by the addition of ATP and GTP. However, prior binding of cI protein appears to prevent formation of an initiated complex by RNA polymerase. From these results, we suggest that the cI protein may have the capacity to inhibit two stages of the RNA polymerase reaction: formation of a stable initiated complex if repressor is bound before polymerase; or, an early stage of RNA synthesis subsequent to formation of an initiated complex if polymerase is bound before repressor. The possible biological merit of such a dual mechanism is discussed.
Rumor as a Footnote to Chinese National Character

A case study of an odd rumor, widely current in China after Nixon's visit, is detailed. Based on interviews of respondents from Kwangrung and Fukien Provinces, an examination of the stabler aspects of this rumor not only points to its probable source, but also reveals two traditional components of Chinese national character.
CERTAIN ACTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE ON THE ENDOMETRIUM OF THE MONKEY AND ON UTERINE BLEEDING1-21,2

IT HAS BEEN reported that testosterone or testosterone propionate prevents the uterine bleeding of estrone withdrawal in macacus monkeys and inhibits the onset of menstruation in the normally cyclic monkey (1). In woman it is stated that the normal cycle is interrupted, with disappearance of the secretory (progestational) phase, often with regression and atrophy of the endometrium and postponement of, or but scanty menstruation (2).Zuckerman (3) prevented the recurrence of bleeding in one normal monkey for 210 days during twice weekly injections of 25 mg. of testosterone propionate. A second animal was treated for 114 days, during which time no cyclic bleeding occurred. Bleeding did occur 8 days after the last injection. In the first animal at least, ovarian function was seriously disturbed. The endometrium illustrated by Zuckerman, while not atrophic, appears very inactive. Similar inactivation, or mild involution of the endometrium was reported by us after chronic estrogen treatment (4)
Patterns and predictors of medication discrepancies in primary care.

Rationale, aims and objectives Identifying medication discrepancies across transitions of care is a common patient safety problem. Research examining relations between medication discrepancies and adherence, however, is limited. The objective of this investigation is to explore the relations between adherence and patient–provider medication discrepancies, and to test the hypothesis that non-adherence would be associated with medication discrepancies. Methods Three hundred twenty-eight outpatients completed a current medication list and measures of health literacy, adherence, perceived physical functioning and subjective well-being. Patient lists were compared with active medications in the electronic medical record. Multivariate analyses identified demographic, clinical and patient-reported variables associated with discrepancies involving prescribed daily medications. Results Despite high rates of self-reported adherence, patients reported taking fewer medications than the number of active medications in their medical record (3.79 vs. 4.83, P < 0.001). We identified one or more discrepancies in most records (294/328 or 89.6%). Identified discrepancies were completely reconciled in only 21.1% of patients with discrepancies. Discrepancies were associated with lower health literacy, poorer physical health status and subjective well-being, and poorer adherence to the regimen patients believed they had been prescribed. Multivariate analysis indicated that the number of medical record-reported medications and subjective well-being independently predicted the presence of discrepancies. Conclusions Findings suggest a complex relation between treatment adherence and medication discrepancies in which patient well-being and regimen complexity work in tandem to create discordance between patient and provider medication plans. Simplifying regimens when possible and attending to patient life satisfaction may improve adherence to a regimen constructed jointly between patient and provider.
Attention skills and looking to television in children from low income families

Attentional skills and home environment were examined as predictors of looking patterns during television viewing by 70 48- to 91-month-old children from low income families. Looking to the television was assessed in conditions without distractors and with continuous distractors. Looking patterns during television viewing reflected attentional inertia and the expected distribution of many short looks and few long looks (i.e., lognormal distribution) in both viewing conditions. The hypothesis that core attention skills and the home environment predict individual differences in looking patterns was partially supported by multiple hierarchical regression analyses. Looking patterns were predicted by orienting attention network skills in the no-distractor condition only. Alerting attention network skills and home environment factors were not significant predictors. The current study with a sample of children from low income families supports the idea that television viewing is a complex cognitive task that requires different mechanisms depending on the viewing condition.
Determining urinary calcium/creatinine cut-offs for the paediatric population using published data.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine a cut-off above which a result is considered abnormal for 'spot' calcium-to-creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr) in urine in the paediatric age group. Whi...
Further Studies on the Photochemical Production of Reduced Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide and Adenosine Triphosphate by Fragmented Spinach Chloroplasts.

In the course of studies on the photochemical production of TPNH and ATP by fragmented spinach chloroplasts (22), we became interested in the stoicheiometry of the reactions. It is generally assumed that the ATP: 2 e ratio is unity (2) but some workers have suggested a higher value (10, 17, 18). Ratios greater than one have seldom been obtained by direct experiment but have usually been suggested on a basis of arithmetic manipulation, or from a consideration of comparative biochemistry, or have been inferred from spectrophotometric studies. Stiller and Vennesland (20) have recently reported a thorough investigation into the ATP: 2 e ratio during the Hill reaction with ferricyanide as electron acceptor and concluded that the over-all ratio is one. In the present paper we demonstrate that under certain conditions it is possible to obtain ATP: TPNH ratios significantly greater than unity without necessarily implying that there is more than one site of phosphorylation coupled to the electron transfer chain which leads to TPN reduction. We also show that photophosphorylation in the absence of other electron acceptors can proceed at a rate comparable to other photosynthetic processes when photosynthetic pyridine nucleotide reductase (PPNR) is added to chloroplast fragments under aerobic conditions.
Targeting of the Renin-Angiotensin System as an Adjunct to Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in women and claim the lives of more than half a million women every year. The incidence of cardiovascular disease is 4-fold higher in postmenopausal women than in women of the same age who are premenopausal.1 Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that after adjustment for age and body mass index, postmenopausal women are more than twice as likely to be hypertensive as premenopausal women.2 Evidence that hypertensive postmenopausal women are more salt-sensitive than normotensive postmenopausal women3 suggests that decreases in ovarian hormone levels and increased sensitivity to dietary sodium may be important factors in the genesis of postmenopausal hypertension. Thus, after menopause, hypertension may contribute to the increase in cardiovascular risk of postmenopausal women. The mechanisms responsible for the increase in blood pressure after menopause are still under investigation.4,5 In the United States alone, ≈38% of postmenopausal,6 or 10 million, women use some form of hormone replacement therapy. There is quite a bit of controversy over the cardiovascular health benefits of estrogen replacement therapy, especially in light of the cessation of the estrogen-alone component of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute–funded Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) hormone trial earlier this year. Results of the nearly 7-year follow-up of 11 000 healthy postmenopausal women using conjugated equine estrogen or placebo who had a hysterectomy showed an increased risk of stroke and …
Simulation analysis of a real-time database buffer manager

Real-time database management systems research has not focused efforts on the specific low level systems support requirements for availability, timeliness and predictability of data access. An important aspect of such database system's support is the secondary access schemes and in particular database disk buffer allocation schemes. Timing constraints on critical and non-critical transactions in real-time database systems require that resource management strategies and algorithms give preferential treatment to critical transactions. The paper examines buffer management policies in a database system characterized by transactions which have execution deadlines and criticalities. A buffer allocation scheme and two buffer page replacement algorithms are described. A simulation model is used to examine real-time buffer allocation and page replacement algorithms versus a conventional baseline algorithm. The results of the simulation are presented and discussed.
A Sufficient Condition for Global Optimality of Solutions to the Optimal Power Flow Problem

Recent applications of a semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation to the optimal power flow (OPF) problem offers a polynomial time method to compute a global optimum for a large subclass of OPF problems. In contrast, prior OPF solution methods in the literature guarantee only local optimality for the solution produced. However, solvers employing SDP relaxation remain significantly slower than mature OPF solution codes. This letter seeks to combine the advantages of the two methods. In particular, we develop an SDP-inspired sufficient condition test for global optimality of a candidate OPF solution. This test may then be easily applied to a candidate solution generated by a traditional, only-guaranteed-locally-optimal OPF solver.
The sweetening of the world's diet.

Objective: Using data from many countries in the world combined with in-depth U.S. dietary data, we explored trends in caloric sweetener intake, the role of urbanization and income changes in explaining these trends, and the contribution of specific foods to these changes. Research Methods and Procedures: Food disappearance data from 103 countries in 1962 and 127 in 2000 were coupled with urbanization and gross national income per capita data in pooled regression analysis to examine associations between these factors and caloric sweetener intake. Three nationally representative surveys from 1977 to 1978, 1989 to 1991, and 1994 to 1996 plus 1998 are used to examine caloric sweetener intake trends in the United States and the foods responsible for these changes. Results: Increased consumption of caloric sweetener is one element in the world's dietary changes, represented by a 74-kcal/d increase between 1962 and 2000. Urbanization and income growth represent 82% of the change. U.S. data show an 83-kcal/d increase of caloric sweetener consumed—a 22% increase in the proportion of energy from caloric sweetener. Of this increase, 80% comes from sugared beverages; restaurant and fast food sources are represented in greater proportions. Discussion: Caloric sweetener use has increased considerably around the world. Beverage intake seems to be a major contributor.
Recent Tendencies in Roman Catholic Theology

Catholic writers on Scholastic Theology do not hesitate to admit that no work contributing new and valuable additions to this science has been published since the days of Bellarmin, Suarez, and Lugo. The collapse of scholastic philosophy after the fifteenth century could not fail to affect also scholastic theology, which in losing all contact with the new scientific progress lost also its strong appeal to speculative minds. Moreover, the Church, instructed by the events of the Reformation, had become so suspicious of novelties that any attempt to introduce new additions to the traditional teaching of theology was more likely to bring a thinker into the hands of the Inquisition than to lead towards a cardinal's hat.
Criteria for Natural Hierarchies

With the discovery of a particle that seems rather consistent with the minimal Standard Model Higgs boson, attention turns to questions of naturalness, fine-tuning, and what they imply for physics beyond the Standard Model and its discovery prospects at run II of the LHC. In this article we revisit the issue of naturalness, discussing some implicit assumptions that underly some of the most common statements, which tend to assign physical significance to certain regularization procedures. Vague arguments concerning fine-tuning can lead to conclusions that are too strong and perhaps not as generic as one would hope. Instead, we explore a more pragmatic definition of the hierarchy problem that does not rely on peeking beyond the murky boundaries of quantum field theory: we investigate the fine-tuning of the electroweak scale associated with thresholds from heavy particles, which is both calculable and dependent on the nature of the would-be ultraviolet completion of the Standard Model. We discuss different manifestations of new high-energy scales that are favored by experimental hints for new physics with an eye toward making use of fine-tuning in order to determine natural regions of the new physics parameter spaces.
Hiring Successful Professionals: One Process -- Multiple Goals

The best hiring practices help professional firms attract successful employees, equip newcomers with critical support networks, increase the firm's diversity and enhance its reputation. This Note delineates how leading firms manage these multiple objectives throughout the entire process of forecasting, sourcing and onboarding top talent. It also expands on potential misalignments that can arise and tradeoffs firms face in building and executing an integrated hiring strategy.
Nothingness and Beyond

(1974). Nothingness and Beyond. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 64-78.
Dominant-Sided First-Rib Stress Fracture in a Collegiate Baseball Pitcher: A Case Report.

The incidence of asymptomatic fatigue fractures of the first rib in the young, active male population is very low; these fractures were observed in only 0.001% of retrospectively reviewed chest radiographs in one series1. First-rib fractures have been postulated to result from several primary mechanisms: high-energy direct impact such as a motor vehicle collision2, indirect trauma such as a fall on an outstretched arm3, fatigue fractures from repeated muscular contracture4, or sudden, violent muscular forces resulting in stress fractures5. Although the exact incidence of first-rib stress fracture caused by sudden muscular contracture is not known, many repetitive activities, including gymnastics, tennis, basketball, weightlifting, and even coughing or sneezing, have been associated with this mechanism6. We present the case of a first-rib stress fracture in a collegiate baseball pitcher and discuss the relevant literature. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. A nineteen-year-old right-hand-dominant male collegiate baseball pitcher presented to the office with the symptom of right shoulder pain. He denied any history of trauma but stated that he had felt a popping sensation in the shoulder while pitching several days prior to presentation, and he had had pain since that time with both pitching and activities of daily living. He denied any change in the pitching mechanics or increase in the number of pitches in the preceding several weeks. He had no prior history of trauma to the spine or thorax. The pain was aggravated by the late-cocking phase of throwing. He also admitted to difficulty with deep inspiration because of the pain at the base of the neck, but had no dyspnea at rest. On examination, he was 6′8″ (203.2 cm) tall and weighed 193 lb …
Low-energy pion production with 800 MeV/ N Ne 20

Doubly differential cross sections for production of positive pions ($20 \mathrm{MeV}\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{Lab}}\ensuremath{\le}100 \mathrm{MeV}$) in bombardment of $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ on NaF, Cu and Pb targets at 800 MeV/N have been measured with a range telescope. The results showed that the angular distribution of low-energy pions in the nucleon-nucleon center of mass (${T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\le}50$ MeV) was isotropic, even 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} peaking at \ensuremath{\sim} 15 MeV c.m. The intermediate-energy pions ($50\ensuremath{\le}{T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\le}300$ MeV) were forward and backward peaked, reflecting the individual nucleon-nucleon process in the isobar model of production. The observed cross sections were shown to be generally reproduced by an incoherent superposition of the experimental ($p$ + nucleus) cross sections.NUCLEAR REACTIONS NaF, Cu, $\mathrm{Pb}(^{20}\mathrm{Ne}, {\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})X$, $\frac{E}{A}=800$ MeV/nucleon; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}, {\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}})$, ${E}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=20\ensuremath{-}100$ MeV, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=30\ensuremath{-}150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$.
INVITED EDITORIAL COMMENT: Two Things about Performance Fees

1. Mark Kritzman 1. is managing partner and chief investment officer at Windham Capital Management and a senior lecturer at MIT Sloan School in Boston, MA . Institutional investors continue to allocate a significant and growing fraction of their portfolios to alternative investments such as
A New Tool for Sales Managers

The efficiency of the sales force could be improved if the effect of personal selling could be measured before a sale was completed. The experiment described here measured a central aspect of the prospective buyer's decision process—the change in his awareness and attitudes after receiving a sales call. Two scaling devices developed by psychologists and used extensively in advertising research were used.
Cellulose nanocrystals: a versatile nanoplatform for emerging biomedical applications.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based nanomaterials typically derived from the acid hydrolysis of the most abundant natural polymer, cellulose. These nanomaterials have garnered significant interest due to their unique properties, such as uniform rod-like shape, high surface area, high strength, liquid crystalline behavior, tailored surface chemistry, biocompatibility, biodegradability, sustainability and non-toxic carbohydrate-based nature.Areas covered: The recent developments in the use of unmodified and modified CNCs as versatile nanoplatforms for emerging biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems, enzyme/protein immobilization scaffolds, bioimaging, biosensing and tissue engineering are highlighted. A brief discussion of the biological and toxicity properties of CNCs is also presented.Expert opinion: While a number of recent studies have indicated that CNCs are promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications, there is a substantial amount of work that still...
Analysis for Surveillance of Immune Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccine

Objective In order to investigate the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine and the infection status of hepatitis B virus among newborns in the suburbs and rural areas of Henan Province. Mechods In 1998 and 2001 we investigated 154 children from EPI surveillance spot of Henan Province born in Jan.1-Dec.1,1998 and in Jan.1,2001-Dec.1,2001. Results The results showed that the immune effect of suburbs and rural areas in 2001 was higher than that in 1998.The immune effect in suburbs was higher than that in rural areas in 1998 and 2001. The infection rate of hepatitis B virus in rural areas was higher than that in suburbs. Conclusion The data suggest that raising vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine in rural areas is the key in controlling Hepatitis B.
Getting There and Back

It is, of course, necessary to provide adequate access between any airport and the region it serves. This is usually done by building short connections between the airport and the metropolitan highway network. Passengers, employees and delivery vehicles can then get to and from the airport using any of the broad array of automotive means of transport available in the area: cars, buses, taxis, trucks, and so on.
Behavior of erythrocytes in various solvent systems III. Water—polyethylene glycols

Hemolytic behavior of human and rabbit erythrocytes in aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, 300, 400, and 600 was investigated. Complete hemolysis occurred in all PEG 200 and 300 solutions, with discoloration occurring in ≥ 25 per cent PEG 200 and ≥ 15 per cent PEG 300 solutions. Sodium chloride was effective in preventing hemolysis in ≤ 25 per cent PEG 200 or ≤ 40 per cent PEG 300 solutions. When possible, i values were calculated for sodium chloride in the various water-PEG 200 and 300 solutions. PEG 400 and 600 protected blood cells from damage in>10 per cent to i values were calculated for these PEG's. Solutions containing ≥ 40 per cent PEG 400 or 600 (with and without NaCl) were damaging to red cells. The ability of liquid PEG's to penetrate rabbit and human erythrocytes appeared to be 200>300>400>600.
Identities, Goals, and Emotions

In this study, I examine how expectations affect the emotions experienced when people verify or fail to verify their identities. Identity theory points to identity verification (i.e., thinking others view us as we see ourselves) as a source of emotions. The control model of affect provides an alternative explanation, emphasizing one’s expected rate of progress toward goal accomplishment (or verification) as a source of emotions. Results from three structural equation models testing these predictions indicate both the distance one is from identity verification and one’s progress toward verification independently influence the emotions individuals experience. These findings indicate that the two theories can be used to inform one another to provide a more precise prediction of the emotions experienced as individuals’ progress toward identity verification.
Two Degree of Freedom Systems

Thus far, the theory of vibration of damped and undamped single degree of freedom systems was considered. Both free and forced motions of such systems were discussed and the governing differential equations and their solutions were obtained. Basic concepts and definitions, which are fundamental in understanding the vibration of single degree of freedom systems, were introduced. It is the purpose of this chapter to generalize the analytical development presented in the preceding chapters to the case in which the systems have more than one degree of freedom. In this chapter, we will study the free and forced vibrations of both damped and undamped two degree of freedom systems.
DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR EVALUATION OF MEDIUM-SIZED WECS

ABSTRACT Project AQUILO is a major project sponsored by the National Research Council to test and evaluate design, performance, and reliability of a 500 kW vertical axis wind turbine designed and built by DAF INDAL of Mississauga, Ontario. This machine is the largest in the world of this type; a second similar unit is being evaluated by Southern California Edison, in California. The extruded aluminum blades have some 40 strain gauge bridges attached to them for assessment of stress, vibration modes, and fatigue life. Other performance parameters from the machine and pertinent weather data are fed into a high-speed acquisition system which then analyzes the data. From these data, structural dynamic modes and frequencies will be confirmed as well as lifetime expectancy of the blades. Other information such as drive train efficiencies and C p curves will be determined. The data gathering system handles up to 40 channels at a time, scanning at a maximum rate of 100 Hz. The system also has analog outputs available for all channels for tape or chart recording. Certain turbine sensors are also connected to a separate 1 Hz Data Acquisition System provided by the Atlantic Wind Test Site for long term data compilation. Typical 60 Hz noise measurements on the strain gauge signals was found to be 10 μV referred to the front end. This paper gives a detailed description of the instrumentation system and preliminary results of some of the measurements performed on the turbine.