cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamental and higher-order Bloch surface plasmons in planar bimetallic gratings on silicon and glass substrates

We study fundamental and higher-order (HO) localized Bloch surface plasmons (BSPs) in a 1D subwavelength-periodic thin metal film with silicon and glass claddings. The film is a lamellar bimetallic grating where the real part of permittivity of the slit is also negative. We show that transmission enhancement due to HO BSPs is much weaker compared with the case when the first-order or fundamental BSP (FBSP) mediates resonant transmission. We also identify parameters of the structure corresponding to the mixed-order double resonance, i.e., a resonance between the FBSP on one surface of the film and a HO BSP on the other surface. We show that, unlike the double resonance between two FBSPs, this condition does not affect the transmission enhancement. Finally, we observe strong suppression of transmittance for a structure with a silicon superstrate and glass substrate. This effect occurs only when all higher-order harmonics in the substrate are evanescent. In the regime of transmission suppression, the propagating zero-order diffracted wave and evanescent first-order diffracted harmonic at the metal-glass interface are phase shifted by π.
Design of optimal camera apertures adapted to display devices over arbitrary sampling lattices

We show how to design an optimal camera aperture for a given display aperture defined on an arbitrary spatial or spatio-temporal sampling lattice. This is achieved by determining the reciprocal Riesz basis for the vector space of displayed images. The result can be used to specify ideal virtual cameras for a number of applications such as regularized image up-sampling. A case study for displaying a hexagonally sampled image on a cathode ray tube is presented.
Wide bandwidth time-domain electromagnetic sensor for metal target classification

A portable, wide bandwidth, time-domain electromagnetic sensor system has been developed and used extensively to measure the eddy current time-decay response of a wide variety of metal targets. The sensor has demonstrated the ability to measure metal target decay times starting approximately 3 to 5 /spl mu/s after the transmitter current is turned off and target decay time constants as short as 1.4 /spl mu/s. The sensor has demonstrated the potential for detecting very low-metal content mines due to the void they create in some types of electrically lossy soils. The development of the sensor is described in detail, and time-decay data are shown for a variety of metal targets, including low metal antitank and antipersonnel mines.
A Prototype Process-Based Search Engine

This paper introduces a novel approach to solving a certain type of Web search problem. The concept of Process-Based Web search is proposed and a prototype Process-Based Search Engine has been developed and evaluated to help users solve problems more effectively. Unlike traditional Web search engines showing a list of ranked hyperlinks as results, the proposed system searches and displays results based on the process. Therefore, users do not have to read, understand, and then search further to find all the information that they are looking for. In addition, different from business process systems, the proposed Web search engine is designed to be available to the general public to solve everyday problems. It is based on the processes not having to be strictly defined to meet pre-requisite of applications such as business process execution engines. Experimental results have shown that the Process-Based Search Engine improves search quality for some types of complex queries, compared to a traditional Web search engine.
Micrograin Superplasticity: Characteristics and Utilization

Micrograin Superplasticity refers to the ability of fine-grained materials (1 µm < d < 10 μm, where d is the grain size) to exhibit extensive neck-free elongations during deformation at elevated temperatures. Over the past three decades, good progress has been made in rationalizing this phenomenon. The present paper provides a brief review on this progress in several areas that have been related to: (a) the mechanical characteristics of micrograin superplasticity and their origin; (b) the effect of impurity content and type on deformation behavior, boundary sliding, and cavitation during superplastic deformation;
Marxist Class-Cultural Spirituality in Theory and Practice

The paper applies Critical Theory to understand the progressive and oppressive potential of contemporary religious revival in the United States. The analysis focuses on Neopaganism as a progressive spirituality, possibly compatible with Marxist theory. Whether religion is progressive (or oppressive/reactionary) depends not on the content of beliefs, but rather, on the type of social relationship a religion establishes between the individual and society. The paper treats Neopaganism and Marxism as practices and worldviews that often inform social movements and sometimes become the basis of functioning communities. They at once correspond to political-economic agendas, but both also assert the cultural foundations of life — the symbolic expression of shared meaning as the legitimization of social relations. In conclusion, Marxism must develop a spiritual component to survive in and critique modern society, and to posit a vision of the future that might exert actual social influence. To accomplish this, the ...
Comparison of commercial supplements containing conjugated linoleic acids

Abstract Total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and CLA isomeric distribution are two critical quality parameters of commercial CLA products. Four commercial CLA supplement samples were analyzed and compared for their total CLA content, CLA isomer distribution, fatty acid composition, color and hexane solubility. The CLA samples differed significantly in their total CLA contents, CLA isomer distributions, and fatty acid compositions. The total CLA contents were 65.1–77.9 mg/100 mg total fatty acids, while the cis-9,trans-11-CLA isomer accounted for 24.3–37.7 mg/100 mg total fatty acids. These differences may be explained by the fatty acid composition of the original oils used to prepare the CLA and the conditions of the isomerization reactions. Furthermore, these CLA supplements also differed in their color and solubility in hexane.
Effectiveness of Postoperative Follow-up Telephone Interviews for Patients Who Underwent Adenotonsillectomy: A Retrospective Study

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of follow-up telephone interviews and questionnaires after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Design Cohort study and retrospective review of the outcomes of patients whose follow-ups were conducted by telephone interview. Patients were contacted 2 to 4 weeks after surgery; responses were recorded on a standardized postoperative questionnaire. Setting Tertiary pediatric hospital. Patients A total of 2554 consecutive patients who had undergone tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, or both procedures and completed a follow-up telephone interview during the period of January 8, 2000, to September 23, 2004. Main Outcome Measures Time to return to normal diet and activities, postoperative complications, pain management, postoperative visits, and caregiver's evaluation of the follow-up telephone survey. Results A total of 2554 patient outcomes were reviewed. The mean patient age was 5.9 years. Follow-up contact occurred a mean of 24.1 days after surgery. Of the surgical procedures performed, there were 1957 adenotonsillectomies, 235 adenoidectomies, and 362 tonsillectomies. At the time of follow-up, 2.7% of the patients had undergone an additional surgical procedure to treat postoperative bleeding, 96.9% had resumed eating a normal diet, and 96.2% had resumed normal activities. Bleeding from the nose or mouth was reported to have occurred at some point during the recovery period in 12.8%. On a pain scale of 1 to 10, a mean pain peak of 6.7 was reported. For most patients, pain was highest on the second day after surgery. The percentage of patients who had temporary voice change was 62.7%, and 15.4% had a follow-up clinic visit. Regarding caregivers, 99.5% reported being given instructions for postoperative care, and 98.8% reported that they felt well prepared to care for their child at home. There were no adverse events reported from surgical intervention. Conclusions Compared with our previous experience with scheduled postsurgical clinic follow-ups, telephone interviews and standardized postoperative questionnaires pose no additional risk to patients. Considerable cost reduction and patient convenience were realized with a reduction of patient visits.
Instrumentation challenges for systems biology

Burgeoning genomic and proteomic data are motivating the development of numerical models for systems biology. However, specification of the almost innumerable dynamic model parameters will require new measurement techniques. The problem is that cellular metabolic reactions and the early steps of intracellular signaling can occur in ms to s, but the 100 to 100 ks temporal resolution of measurements on milliliter culture dishes and well plates is often limited by diffusion times set by the experimental chamber volume. Hence the instruments themselves must be of cellular dimension to achieve response times commensurate with key intracellular biochemical events, as is done with microelectrode recording of ion-channel conductance fluctuations and fluorescence detection of protein binding. The engineering challenge is to develop BioMEMS and molecular-scale sensors and actuators to study the breadth of mechanisms involved in intracellular signaling, metabolism, and cell-cell communication.
Singularities of manipulators with non-unilateral constraints

An analytical method is presented to obtain all surfaces enveloping the workspace of a general n degree-of-freedom mechanism with non-unilateral constraints. The method is applicable to kinematic chains that can be modeled using the Denavit-Hartenberg representation method for serial kinematic chains or its modification for closed-loop kinematic chains. The method developed is based upon analytical criteria for determining singular behavior of the mechanism. Singularities of manipulators with non-unilateral constraints have never been reported. The complete mathematical formulation is presented and illustrated using 4 & 5 DOF spatial manipulators. Four types of singularities are classified: Type I sets are position Jacobian singularities; Type II sets are instantaneous singularities that are due to a generalized joint are reaching its apex; Type III sets are domain boundary singularities, which are associated with the time initial and final values of the time interval; Type IV sets are coupled singularities, which are associated with a relative singular Jacobian, where the null space is reduced in one submatrix due to either of two occurrences: a Type II and Type III singularities.
Comparison of graphene growth on arbitrary non-catalytic substrates using low-temperature PECVD

Abstract Conventional Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) techniques require the use of a catalyst surface and high temperature of growth (∼1000 °C) to grow graphene, which renders the process incompatible with arbitrary substrates. While post-synthesis transfer of graphene onto required substrates is widely used, it causes undesirable effects such as wrinkles/folds/cracks and unintentional doping. Here, we report low-temperature growth of graphene at 650 °C on non-catalytic SiO2 and quartz substrates using a one-step, rapid Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) process. We simultaneously study PECVD graphene growth on a traditional catalytic material such as copper and show that the growth substrate does not play any role in the dissociation of hydrocarbon precursor during PECVD, thus eliminating the possibility of a catalytic effect. Using several characterization techniques, we observe an increasing rate of growth from SiO2 to quartz to copper, which can be attributed to different adsorption and diffusion energies of plasma radicals on these substrates. As opposed to thermal CVD growth on copper, which is self-limiting, the PECVD method developed here is scalable in terms of number of layers, allowing its adept integration in commercial devices.
The Effect of FDI to Accelerate the Economic Growth of Bangladesh and Some Problems & Prospects of FDI

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has great impact on the development of a developing country like Bangladesh. The foreign investor seeks for new sources of investment where the developing country seeks for new sources of fund to develop the country. The FDI does not only bring sources of fund in a developing country but also new technology in a developing country. The FDI has the important role to develop the garmentsaweaving, telecommunication, banking and pharmaceuticals industry of Bangladesh. In this paper the role of FDI in economic growth (GDP) is analyzed to find out relationship between FDI and GDP in Bangladesh. To analyze the impact, The GDP has been taken as a dependent and FDI as an independent variable to run the regression analysis where the result shows that the FDI can explain about 83% data of GDP, p value much less than 0.05 to reject null hypothesis and GDP changes 64.0709 units for changes of each unit of FDI. The correlation matrix shows the GDP and FDI is highly correlated (0.912024962) in perspective of Bangladesh economy, so the FDI has grater impact on GDP or Economic Growth of Bangladesh. Some of the problems and prospects of FDI in Bangladesh is also discussed in the paper.
Sex, Drugs, and Oil and Gas: An Analysis of How the Energy Industry Captured the Minerals Management Service

The dysfunctional history of governmental oversight of off-shore oil development activities results from the energy industry’s ability to capture the Minerals Management Service (MMS). The ability of MMS to effectively regulate and oversee off-shore energy development activities on behalf of the public was doomed to fail. This is because from its creation in 1982, MMS lacked a statutory mandate from Congress that would have provided agency administrators with a clearly defined mission. Lacking mandate and mission, the MMS, like the BLM prior to passage of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), became an agency captured by one interest at the expense of all others. Using data collected from both MMS and BLM, I argue that the concept of agency capture remains a useful lens of inquiry for political scientists. Preliminary analysis suggests that the case of MMS, as well as that of BLM, presents an opportunity to develop a modern conceptualization of agency capture in the context of subgovernment theory. Updating this useful concept increases the analytical power of subgovernment theory and has important democratic implications for interest groups seeking to effect governmental land and resource use policymaking.
Coordination Geometry and Oxidation State Requirements of Corner-Sharing MnO6 Octahedra for Water Oxidation Catalysis: An Investigation of Manganite (γ-MnOOH)

Surface-directed corner-sharing MnO6 octahedra within numerous manganese oxide compounds containing Mn3+ or Mn4+ oxidation states show strikingly different catalytic activities for water oxidation, paradoxically poorest for Mn4+ oxides, regardless of oxidation assay (photochemical and electrochemical). This is demonstrated herein by comparing crystalline oxides consisting of Mn3+ (manganite, γ-MnOOH; bixbyite, Mn2O3), Mn4+ (pyrolusite, β-MnO2) and multiple monophasic mixed-valence manganese oxides. Like all Mn4+ oxides, pure β-MnO2 has no detectable catalytic activity, while γ-MnOOH (tetragonally distorted Mn3+O6, D4h symmetry) is significantly more active and Mn2O3 (trigonal antiprismatic Mn3+O6, D3d symmetry) is the most active. γ-MnOOH deactivates during catalytic turnover simultaneous with the disappearance of crystallographically defined corner-sharing Mn3+O6 and the appearance of Mn4+. In a comparison of 2D-layered crystalline birnessites (δ-MnO2), the monovalent Mn4+ form is catalytically inert, wh...
Screening Women in Their 40s

Abstract Conflicting breast cancer screening guidelines for women in their 40s are based on different interpretations of research and considerations of benefits and harms. Breast cancer mortality was not reduced in eight randomized controlled screening trials of women in their 40s, but was reduced by 26% to 44% in two observational studies. Incidence of advanced breast cancer and all-cause mortality were also not reduced in the screening trials. False-positive mammography rates were higher for women in their 40s and those with risk factors for breast cancer. Rates of false-negative results and recommendations for biopsy did not differ by age. Additional harms of screening include overdiagnosis and overtreatment; radiation exposure; and anxiety, distress, and pain during procedures, however, their impact on individual women is unclear. Due to the uncertainty of the benefits and harms of mammography screening for women in their 40s, shared decision-making has become an important part of the screening process.
Genetic alteration in a temperature-sensitive mutant of respiratory syncytial virus after replication in vivo.

SummaryIn the course of a clinical trial of a temperature-sensitive mutant RSV vaccine, a proportion of the virus recovered exhibited genetic alteration. Some of the altered virus showed a temperature-sensitivity pattern intermediate between that of the temperature-sensitive vaccine virus and the temperature-insensitive wild type. Possible genetic mechanisms which might have produced these findings are discussed.
Lack of increased renin-angiotensin activity in rats with spontaneous hypertension.

SummaryThree parameters of renin angiotensin activity were studied in rats with spontaneous hypertension. The juxtaglomerular index of these animals in the prehypertensive, early hypertensive, and chronic stage of the high blood pressure was significantly lower than in normal rats. Bioassays of renal vein blood for a pressor agent were consistently negative in hypertensive rats 6 weeks to 12 months of age, including tests performed in animals 6–8 weeks old when the blood pressure was rising to hypertensive levels. The renal vein plasma renin activity was within normal limits except for rats with longstanding high blood pressure which showed a significant reduction in activity. The findings indicate that neither the development nor maintenance of the high blood pressure in animals with spontaneous hypertension is due to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
Research Progresses of Novel Surfactant——Gemini

Gemini is a novel surfactant which is connected to headgroup or its neighbor by a spacer group so as to make surfaceactivity significantly increase. The structural characteristics and the relationship between structure and performance of Gemini surfactantare reviewed. The application prospects of Gemini surfactant in biotechnics,pharmaceutics, oil collection, and so on, are introducedemphatically.
CGRP as a transmitter in the sensory pathway mediating peristaltic reflex

The presence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in enteric and dorsal root ganglion neurons suggests that it might be involved as a transmitter in the sensory pathway that mediates the peris...
Picosecond/nanometer resolution with a near-field microwave/scanning-force microscope

We report a scanning-force microscope tip/cantilever with £ coaxial metal shield for use as an ultra-small field probe, observing 30 ps waveforms on an integrated circuit at t spatial resolution set by the tip radius, the first direct measurements of electric field at these levels of temporal and spatial resolution. This new ability to acquire topography while maintaining constant tip-sample distance for calibrated measurement or excitation of near-zone picosecond time-resolved electric fields can be useful not only for probing advanced circuits but also for localized broadband spectroscopy of condensed matter and biological samples.
THE STATUS OF THE GENUS KASSINA (AMPHIBIA ANURA HYPEROLIIDAE) IN ETHIOPIA

SUMMARY The following taxonomic changes have been made: Kassina senegalensis is essentially a lowland form, widely distributed in Ethiopia at altitudes of 500–2000 m. Ethiopian specimens are described, together with observations on the life-history and habitat of the species. Kassina obscura is considered to be referrable to this genus despite the fact that vomerine teeth are usually absent in the adult and that the larvae have a rather unusual tooth formula. This is essentially a high altitude species, found between 1800 and 3000 m and endemic to the Ethiopian plateau, where it is considered to have subspeciated in mountain areas on either side of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The two races are described and observations made upon their habitat and life-history.
Context sensing with the Twiddler keyboard

Context sensitivity is an important application of wearable computers. The article describes research on using the Twiddler one-handed keyboard for sensing motion-associated context. Two possible methods for detecting walking are described, and other types of movement context that it might be possible to sense are discussed. Results of early experiments with a preliminary Twiddler driver modification are discussed.
Biochemical and physical characterizations of fish protein isolate and surimi prepared from fresh and frozen whole fish

Abstract The effect of frozen storage on the biochemical and physical characterization of fish protein isolate (FPI) and surimi made from tilapia was elucidated: tilapia frozen for 3 mo can be used like fresh fish in the processing of FPI and surimi. The Ca 2+ ATPase activity continuously reduced throughout the frozen storage up to 3 mo; however, the diminishing trend of Ca 2+ ATPase activity was slow. According to storage modulus (G′), storing whole fish frozen for 3 mo did not affect the gelling ability of FPI and surimi with 0% salt. The comparable results were observed by surface hydrophobicity, surface reactive sulfhydryl content, and differential scanning calorimetry. The addition of salt into FPI induced higher degrees of denaturation before gelation compared to surimi. Our results suggested that frozen tilapia, if stored up to 3 mo, can be used to make good quality FPI and surimi.
Effect of reservoir heterogeneity on the vertical migration of hydraulic fractures

Abstract The effect of different types of vertical reservoir heterogeneities on fracture propagation was systematically investigated. A fully 3-D, poroelastic model that does not prescribe the crack propagation path is used to estimate the fracture geometry in vertically heterogeneous rocks. Complex fracture trajectories are shown to occur and this limits fracture height growth. It is shown that the presence of bedding planes, layer interfaces and even smaller scale heterogeneities can lead to fracture turning, kinking or branching. The mechanisms that control these characteristic fracture propagation behaviors (“turning”, “kinking”, and “branching”) near the layer interface are explored in detail. In layered systems, the mechanical property contrast between layers, the dip angle, the stress contrast and the mechanical properties of the layer interface all play an important role in controlling the fracture trajectory. Conditions under which each type of behavior is expected to occur are clearly delineated.
Influence of Compaction Moisture Content on Wetting-Induced Settlement of Embankments

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the wetting-induced settlement of embankments using a finite difference program. The unsaturated compacted fill was simulated using the Barcelona Basic Model. A field unsaturated embankment subjected to full saturation was simulated as the worst case scenario for embankment design. Simulation results indicate that the embankment fill undergoes settlement as a result of wetting, which could lead to differential settlement between the embankment approach and bridge abutment, and cause damage to the approach slab. The influence of compaction moisture content on the wetting-induced settlement of embankments was also investigated. Results indicate that even though embankments with higher compaction moisture content could result in initial larger settlement under self-weight compression, the potential for subsequent wetting-induced settlement could be significantly reduced.
Phase I Study of XL-119, a Rebeccamycin Analog, in Patients with Refractory Hematological Malignancies.

XL-119, a water soluble analog of the antibiotic agent rebeccamycin, has demonstrated broad spectrum antitumor activity in preclinical studies, including P388 and L1210 leukemia in murine models. XL-119 intercalates DNA, and inhibits topo II activity by a unique highly potent mechanism which renders it active in etoposide-resistant A549 and HCT 116 leukemia cell lines. On a Phase I study in patients with refractory hematological malignancies XL 119 was given as a 60 minute IV infusion, on D1–5 of 21 day cycles. The starting dose for the initial cohort was 140 mg/m 2 /d with planned escalation by 20% increments in the setting of a standard 3+3 design. A total of 28 patients (pts) have been treated to date. Three, 5, 3, 6, 3, and 8 have been enrolled to dose levels (DL) of 140, 160, 180, 200, 220 and 240 mg/m 2 /d, respectively. Median age was 57 years (range 19–82). Median ECOG status 1 (range, 0–2). Diagnoses included: AML (22 pts), MDS (1 pt) and ALL (5pts). AML was either primary refractory or at an advanced relapse state and had failed a median of 3 prior salvage treatments (range 1–10). The pt with MDS had received 4 prior therapies. Pts with ALL had received a median of 3 prior therapies. Dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed in evaluable patients at the following dose levels: 1 patient at 200 mg/m 2 experienced DLTs: grade 3 hand-foot syndrome and grade 4 mucositis. An expansion of this dose level yielded no further incidences of DLT. 1 patient at 240mg/m 2 experienced DLT with grade 3 mucositis. The cohort was expanded without observation of additional DLTs. Dose level 260 mg/m 2 is currently being explored with 2 patients too early for full evaluation. Two patients with refractory AML achieved a significant elimination of marrow blasts and received a second cycle of therapy. Twenty-four of 28 patients had transient reductions in peripheral blood blasts. XL 119 is a well-tolerated myelosuppressive agent which warrants further study in patients with hematological malignancies.
Improving dietary education for patients with hyperlipidemia.

Can attitudes and dietary behavior be changed by mass media messages? Is interpersonal contact valuable as a supplement to printed material? These questions have to do ivith the efficiency of nutrition education in promoting better (or changed) dietary practices.
A quantized microwave quadrupole insulator with topologically protected corner states

The theory of electric polarization in crystals defines the dipole moment of an insulator in terms of a Berry phase (geometric phase) associated with its electronic ground state. This concept not only solves the long-standing puzzle of how to calculate dipole moments in crystals, but also explains topological band structures in insulators and superconductors, including the quantum anomalous Hall insulator and the quantum spin Hall insulator, as well as quantized adiabatic pumping processes. A recent theoretical study has extended the Berry phase framework to also account for higher electric multipole moments, revealing the existence of higher-order topological phases that have not previously been observed. Here we demonstrate experimentally a member of this predicted class of materials-a quantized quadrupole topological insulator-produced using a gigahertz-frequency reconfigurable microwave circuit. We confirm the non-trivial topological phase using spectroscopic measurements and by identifying corner states that result from the bulk topology. In addition, we test the critical prediction that these corner states are protected by the topology of the bulk, and are not due to surface artefacts, by deforming the edges of the crystal lattice from the topological to the trivial regime. Our results provide conclusive evidence of a unique form of robustness against disorder and deformation, which is characteristic of higher-order topological insulators.
Quantum Jacobi forms and balanced unimodal sequences

Abstract The notion of a quantum Jacobi form was defined in 2016 by Bringmann and the second author in [1] , marrying Zagier's notion of a quantum modular form [12] with that of a Jacobi form. Only one example of such a function has been given to-date (see [1] ). Here, we prove that two combinatorial rank generating functions for certain balanced unimodal sequences, studied previously by Kim, Lim and Lovejoy [8] , are also natural examples of quantum Jacobi forms. These two combinatorial functions are also duals to partial theta functions studied by Ramanujan. Additionally, we prove that these two functions have the stronger property that they exhibit mock Jacobi transformations in C × H as well as quantum Jacobi transformations in Q × Q . As corollaries to these results, we use quantum Jacobi properties to establish new, simpler expressions for these functions as simple Laurent polynomials when evaluated at pairs of rational numbers.
Effectiveness of Training Interventions on the Hazard Anticipation for Young Drivers Differing in Sensation Seeking Behavior

Drivers younger than 25 years are overrepresented in fatal crashes compared to experienced drivers between 30 and 55 years of age. This age-related difference in crash statistics partly arises from younger drivers’ poor hazard anticipation. Training programs (e.g. SAFE-T; Yamani et al. (2016)) have been shown effective at improving these drivers’ anticipation behavior. However, individual differences such as sensation-seeking behavior, aggression, and driving violations exist in young drivers and may contribute to differences in their hazard anticipation. The current driving simulator study examined whether three individual differences known to characterize driving behavior can predict hazard anticipation performance for young drivers, and training effectiveness. K-mean clustering technique classified participants into two clusters based on their driving aggression, sensation seeking and driving violation scores. The results indicated that the low sensation-seeking drivers benefitted more from the training than their high sensation-seeking peers. These findings have design implications for the development of appropriate countermeasures for high sensation-seeking drivers.
P040 : THREE METHODS TO IDENTIFY CYTOTOXIC ANTIBODIES; ONE METHOD IS NOT ENOUGH

Background Donor HLA specific complement dependent cytotoxic (CDC) antibodies (abs) have been associated with hyperacute rejection and are a detriment to solid organ transplantation. The Luminex single antigen (LSA)-C1q binding assay has been introduced to detect CDC+ abs. In a study of 190 patients (pts) sera tested by CDC and LSA-C1q, LSA-C1q was more sensitive than CDC in detecting 85% of class I and 75% of class II abs. 15–25% of abs detected by CDC were negative by the LSA-C1q assay. Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the appropriate methods to identify unacceptable antigens (UAs) for the virtual crossmatch by comparing the ability of a third assay, LSA-C3d binding, to detect CDC+ abs not detected by LSA-C1q. Methods Sera from 25 pts from the original cohort of 190 pts with positive LSA, CDC and negative C1q assay results were tested by the LSA-C3d assay. Results In 59% of the cases, the results of LSA-C3d were also negative and consistent with C1q data. 19% of the abs detected by CDC that were LSA-C1q neg were LSA-C3d pos. 9% of the abs detected by CDC were C1q pos and C3d neg. 13% of the abs showed no correlative patterns for CDC, LSA-C1q and LSA-C3d. The LSA-C3d assay appears to give false pos results for class I abs to rare alleles and HLA-C locus antigens. Both solid phase assays have non-specific background binding issues for some sera that make interpretation difficult. Conclusions In most cases LSA-C1q and LSA-C3d results are consistent with each other and identify more cytotoxic abs than the CDC assay. Although both solid phase assays are more sensitive than CDC in detecting the majority of cytotoxic pos abs. In 15–20% of the cases, the CDC assay is required to resolve the discrepancies and high background issues. A systematic analysis of LSA, CDC, LSA-C1q, and LSA-C3d results is needed to identify clinically relevant abs for the assignment of UAS.
Immunochemical approaches to the definition of unusual nucleic acid structures

Immunochemistry has a long history as a means for comparing conformations of proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids. Reactions of appropriate antibodies can detect changes associated with physiological modulation of protein structure (such as occurs on oxygenation and de-oxygenation of hemoglobin or allosteric modification of enzymes), evolutionary substitutions of amino acids, and the much larger changes associated with denaturation (reviewed by Crumpton, 1974). Antibodies have been important reagents for structural analysis of polysaccharides as well, being sensitive to conformation as well to the presence of different monosaccharide constituents and glycosidic linkages (Heidelberger, 1982 Kabat et al., 1981). Although nucleic acid immunochemistry has a shorter history, it has provided valuable reagents for studies of both purified nucleic acids and complex biological material such as whole nuclei or chromatin (reviewed in Stollar, 1975;1986). Antibodies distinguish among various nucleic acid structures by recognizing either specific bases or conformations.
Characterizing CUDA Unified Memory (UM)-Aware MPI Designs on Modern GPU Architectures

The CUDA Unified Memory (UM) interface enables a significantly simpler programming paradigm and has the potential to fundamentally change the way programmers write CUDA applications in the future. Although UM leads to high productivity in programming using CUDA by simplifying the programmer's view of CPU and GPU memory spaces, initial support for UM in the Kepler series of GPUs lacked in performance necessitating several UM-aware designs in state-of-the-art MPI runtimes such as MVAPICH2-GDR. This has enabled end MPI applications to take advantage of the high productivity promised by UM along with high performance. However, as CUDA runtimes and GPU architectures advance, the performance offered by UM has also improved significantly. Thus, there is a need to re-evaluate the performance characteristics of UM in light of these changes to understand how the UM-aware designs in state-of-the-art MPI runtimes must be adapted. We take up this broad challenge and characterize the performance of UM-aware MPI operations and to gain insights on how MPI runtimes need to deal with UM-based data residing on GPU and CPU for different generations of GPU architectures. Our characterization studies show that UM designs conceived during the Kepler GPU era still stands valid and provide valuable performance improvement on the latest Pascal and Volta GPUs. Furthermore, performance evaluation of optimized UM designs show that they outperform naive designs on MVAPICH2-GDR and Open MPI by 4.2x and 2.8x respectively for Intel systems. Additionally, the DD experiments for pure device transfers also show that MVAPICH2-GDR is up to 12.6x better than OpenMPI (w/ UCX).
ARE CYCLOGALLENES M2(GAH)3 (M = LI, NA, K) AROMATIC ?

Ab initio quantum mechanical methods were applied to examine M2(GaH)3 (M = Li, Na, K) compounds, which are models for the newly synthesized class of Ga3 three-membered-ring cyclogallene compounds. Basis sets of triple-ζ plus double polarization augmented with diffuse functions (TZ2P+diffuse) quality were employed at the self-consistent field (SCF) and density functional theory (B3LYP) levels of theory. Computed equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and chemical shifts are reported. The experimental (X-ray) structures of cyclogallenes are in close agreement with theory. While Na2(GaH)3 possesses C3 symmetry (the deviation from C3h symmetry is very small), the remaining two compounds are C3h symmetric. The parent neutral three-membered-ring structure (GaH)3 is not stable as the imaginary vibrational frequencies of (GaH)3 lead to Ga−Ga bond breaking. Upfield changes in the chemical shifts for the alkali metal atoms over and under the ring plane are taken as strong evidence for ring curren...
Synergetic Interaction of Additive Dual Nanocatalysts to Accelerate Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cell Cathodes

The sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathode is hindering the power density of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Infiltration of catalyst into the cathode of SOFCs is promising to acce...
Solar-Powered Microgrid Capacity Planning for a General Hospital

This paper investigates the impact of investment budget, solar system efficiency, and project area limitation on the capacity planning, and daily operation of a microgrid (MG), which consists of photovoltaic (PV) and Energy storage systems (ESS). A general grid-connected hospital located in NJ is considered as an illustrative case study. Access to reliable, affordable and sustainable energy is essential for the critical and high electricity demand facilities such as hospitals. This study shows that the capacity planning of ESS depends on the PV system capacity and the facility electricity demand profile. Moreover, we show that, the PV system capacity has to be derived according to the investment budget, solar system efficiency and, project area constraints. Utilizing the on-site power generation from the installed MG, results in the lower energy cost of the facility. In this paper, we show that by installing the optimal size of the PV system coupled with ESS the annual energy cost of the hospital could be reduced by 30%. This amount of cost reduction justifies the high up-front cost of the MG project where the pay-back-period is between 4 to 4.5 years.
Conversion of a variety of high free fatty acid containing feedstock to biodiesel using solid acid supported catalyst

Abstract The present study explores the use of silicotungstic acid anchored to mesoporous siliceous support, Korean Institute of Technology-6 (KIT-6), as a catalyst to produce biodiesel. Silicotungstic acid loaded KIT-6 was synthesized and the physicochemical properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, surface area and pore size distribution analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy techniques. Efficiency of the silicotungstic acid loaded KIT-6 in the production of biodiesel from a variety of high free fatty acid containing feedstock was then evaluated. The composition of free fatty acids in all the feedstock oils (algae oil, coffee oil, palmitic acid and used cooking oil) and their biodiesel resulting from the feedstock were also analyzed. Compared with other solid acid catalysts, the resulting materials show stable and highly efficient catalytic performance in biodiesel production with the highest conversion reaching 99%. A sample containing 26 wt% of silicotungstic acid supported on KIT-6 was found to be the most active catalyst for esterification at 70 °C whilst stirring constantly, with an alcohol/acid volume ratio of 2 and 1.5 wt% loading catalyst for 3 h. Furthermore, the catalyst was reused for four cycles indicating recyclability of the catalyst.
Computational and Experimental Insights Into the Chemosensory Navigation O f Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae

Mosquitoes are prolific disease vectors that affect public health around the world. Although many studies have investigated search strategies used by host-seeking adult mosquitoes, little is known about larval search behaviour. Larval behaviour affects adult body size and fecundity, and thus the capacity of individual mosquitoes to find hosts and transmit disease. Understanding vector survival at all life stages is crucial for improving disease control. In this study, we use experimental and computational methods to investigate the chemical ecology and search behaviour of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. We first show that larvae do not respond to several olfactory cues used by adult Ae. aegypti to assess larval habitat quality, but perceive microbial RNA as a potent foraging attractant. Second, we demonstrate that Ae. aegypti larvae use chemokinesis, an unusual search strategy, to navigate chemical gradients. Finally, we use computational modelling to demonstrate that larvae respond to starvation pressure by optimizing exploration behaviour-possibly critical for exploiting limited larval habitat types. Our results identify key characteristics of foraging behaviour in an important disease vector mosquito. In addition to implications for better understanding and control of disease vectors, this work establishes mosquito larvae as a tractable model for chemosensory behaviour and navigation.
Mindfulness in the Treatment of Eating Disorders: Theoretical Rationale and Hypothesized Mechanisms of Action

Eating disorders are associated with significant physical, psychological, and social impairment, but existing treatments are effective only half of the time and relapse rates are high. Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) are growing in empirical support and present a promising area of research to fill a crucial treatment gap for eating disorders. Several studies on MBPs for eating disorders show promising results, but overall the research on the use of mindfulness in eating disorder treatment is still lacking. The goal of this theoretical paper is to present a rationale for why and how mindfulness may be helpful in the treatment of eating disorders. Several potential mechanisms by which MBPs may produce change in the eating disorder symptoms are presented: reduction in repetitive negative thinking and improvements in self-compassion, decentering, psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and interoceptive awareness of hunger and fullness cues. Research gaps and future directions for the study of mechanisms involved in MBPs for eating disorders are discussed.
Exploring the upside of risk in project management: A phenomenological inquiry

Risk management is used to identify, assess, and respond to uncertainties. In project management, risks can be categorized as either threats (negative events or conditions) or opportunities (positive). This exploratory qualitative study investigates on how practitioners use positive risks in project management practice and identifies areas for further research. Recommendations from this study include further exploration of: (a) opportunity management training (b) developing a catalog of opportunity examples, and (c) developing a template for the business case for opportunity management. Through risk management, the project manager can improve the likelihood of successfully meeting project objectives. Through a focus on both negative and positive risk, the project manager can offset negative results and possibly project objectives to delight the stakeholders. This research provides greater insight to improve the efficacy for current and future project, program, and portfolio managers.
“An Incorrigible Propensity for Preaching”: Shaw and His Clergy

On the evening of November 1, 1913, a rally was held at the Royal Albert Hall in London to benefit the Irish Transport and General Workers’ Union. The workers had gone on strike in August and were subsequently lockedout by businesses all across Dublin. But the workers were not without their supporters, and the crowd assembled that November night—including Bernard Shaw—was eager to raise its voice in solidarity. Shaw’s opening remarks centred on his outrage over priests interfering with the Kiddies Scheme, an effort organized to provide temporary care for the children of the locked-out workers. Until this point, clerical figures in Shaw’s plays were sometimes comical, but they were certainly never flat. This chapter examines how 1913 represents a tipping point and how Shaw’s clerical characters cease being humorously and humanely flawed, and are instead not quite worth the bother.
Using the MMPI-2-RF to Assess Risk of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among College Students.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), the deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue without suicidal intent, is a prevalent problem linked to adverse outcomes. Many assessment tools designed to ass...
Physician. A Metapaedogogical Text

It has generally been thought that the short treatise Physician was written for the beginning medical student and as such it has been criticized for being so superficial as to be worthless for producing anything but an empty charade of a physician. There are also numerous cruces in the text on which scholars have failed to come to any consensus. This chapter argues that by taking the audience of the treatise to be the beginning instructor rather than the beginning student the tone of and information included in the treatise can be seen to be appropriate and the textual cruces can all be explained with little or no amendment by the same hypothesis. Keywords: hypothesis; instructor; medical student; Physician ; textual cruces; treatise
Eye to the Future in Adenomyosis Research

Adenomyosis is a poorly understood and clinically underappreciated gynecologic disorder associated with substantial morbidity including dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, and poor pregnancy outcomes. Substantial gaps persist in our understanding of essentially all aspects of this disorder - epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. In this article, we summarize current thoughts on future directions in basic, translational, and clinical adenomyosis research.
Evaluation of Immune and Vaccine Competence in Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome Pediatric Patients.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is a childhood renal disease characterized by a damage of the glomerular filtration barrier leading to an intense leakage of proteins into the urine. This severe proteinuria causes a transient but strong reduction of serum IgG. Therefore, evaluation of vaccine competence by measuring serum levels of protective antibodies can be misleading in nephrotic syndrome, especially during the active phase of disease. To overcome this issue, in parallel to measuring serum antigen-specific IgG, we quantified by ELISPOT the number of antigen-specific memory B cells induced by previous immunization with tetanus and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 11 steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) pediatric patients at onset before any immunosuppressive treatment (mean age 5.1±0.9 years). Five age-matched children with non-immunomediated nephro-urologic disorders were also enrolled as controls (mean age 6.9±2.3 years). Low total serum IgG levels ( 1,000 counts/106 stimulated cells. The amount of anti-tetanus and anti-HBV IgG-secreting B cells was also comparable to that of controls (p = 0.24, p = 0.32, respectively), with a frequency of memory anti-tetanus and anti-HBV IgG secreting B cells >0.1% of total IgG secreting B cells. In conclusion, SSNS children at disease onset pre-immunosuppressive therapy showed a competent immune and vaccine response against tetanus and HBV, which can be correctly evaluated by quantification of antigen-specific memory B cells rather than by measuring serum IgG levels. This approach allows early identification of the impairment of immune and vaccine competence, which may derive from protracted use of different immunosuppressive drugs during disease course.