cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Getting on the Same Page: Opportunities to Improve Parent-Provider Communication.

According to the Joint Commission, the leading root causes of hospital sentinel events are communication-related.1 Communication contributes not only to patient and physician understanding of medical problems and the risks and benefits of treatment but also impacts outcomes, such as satisfaction2 and adherence.3 Consequently, it is not surprising that miscommunications are associated with care quality and patient safety problems.4 Although there is a large body of literature examining communication between patients and providers,5 fewer researchers have considered communication among parents and providers.6–8 In this issue of Hospital Pediatrics , Khan et al9 have put forth one of the first pediatric studies to evaluate parent-provider miscommunications and their association with parent-reported medical errors in the hospital setting. In this single-center study, investigators examined the rates and types of parent-provider miscommunications and their association with top-box experience and parent-reported errors in a cohort of hospitalized children. Over 18 months, 471 English-speaking parents of children on 2 medical units were surveyed on discharge from the hospital about miscommunications with their child’s care team (defined as physicians and nurses) and possible …
Collection of Data

To answer these questions and an enormous number of other ones, information must be gathered. In these instances, we need to know many things, from sexual habits to recycling practices. At first glance it seems easy to get this information. One needs only to go out and ask people or do an experiment to see how things work. But then the quandaries begin: Who should do the asking—you, me, unemployed college students, retired executives? And who should be asked? Can we afford to ask everyone concerned with the problem? For the first question, that would be the entire population of Los Angeles! Well, if not everyone, how about people who walk by a certain store at the mall on Saturday afternoon? Or those buying beer at the baseball stadium? Or do you think a presumably fairer way should be found?
Radiologists' Recommendations for Additional Imaging on Inpatient CT Studies: Do Referring Physicians Follow Them?

Objectives Studies have found that recommendations for additional imaging (RAI) accompany up to 31% of index computed tomography (CT) scans. In this study we assessed the frequency with which recommendations are accepted by the referring physician and the impact of AI on case management. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of all index CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis performed on adult inpatients during a 1-month period at a tertiary medical center. Each radiology report was examined for mention of RAI. We used a standardized abstraction tool to review medical records for the indication for the RAI (related to original diagnosis vs incidental finding), the clinician's rationale for pursuing or discarding the RAI, and the impact of the AI on the inpatient treatment plan. Results Among the 430 scans reviewed, most (57.7%) were of the abdomen/pelvis. RAI was recommended in 67 cases (odds ratio [OR] 15.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.4-19.3) and AI was completed in 24 of 67 cases (35.8%). Factors associated with a recommendation for AI were the presence of an incidental finding (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.7-6.8) and verbal communication of the result to the ordering provider (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.23-3.5). When performed, AI altered the treatment plan 75% (18/24) of the time. Among the 43 cases in which AI was not performed, 34.1% were deferred to outpatient, 13.6% underwent alternative clinical intervention, and 13.6% were judged unnecessary by the primary team. No rationale was documented in the chart for the remaining 38.6%. Conclusions Despite concerns about autoreferral by radiologists for AI studies, we found a lower rate than in many prior studies, which may reflect a change in clinical practice. One-third of these recommendations were implemented and verbal communication was strongly associated with the likelihood of second image ordering. In the majority of the cases, the AI affected patient management. Based on these findings, radiologists should consider calling the ordering provider to increase the likelihood that the primary team will follow their recommendations.
The dynamically correct Poynting vector formulation for acoustic media with application in calculating multidirectional propagation vectors to produce angle gathers from reverse time migration

ABSTRACTThe Poynting vector (PV) has been widely used to calculate propagation vectors of a pressure field (PF) in acoustic media. The most widely used acoustic PV formula is the negative of a prod...
Designable core–shell graphite particles for thermally conductive and electrically insulating polymer composites

Electrically insulating graphite particles were prepared by coating graphite with electrically insulating materials via a two-step mechanical mixing process. Graphite particles were treated with a binder in the 1st mixing process and coated with an electrically insulating particle in the 2nd mixing process under high shear forces within a short processing time (below 1 min). Micron-sized graphite particles were successfully coated with various inorganic particles of appropriate particle diameter. Talc and boron nitride exhibited good affinities with graphite and formed effective coating layers to render reliable electrical insulation. Graphite coated with talc and boron nitride exhibited a high volume resistivity, greater than 109 Ω cm. The insulating property was retained even after compounding and moulding the coated graphite particles with a polymer. The two-step coating process under high shear forces is a promising method for production of coated graphite particles.
Software engineering at Monmouth College

Monmouth College instituted a Master’s degree program in Software Engineering in the fall of 1985 as a result of extensive collaboration with high technology industries and encouragement from the state for more interaction between academia and industry. We define software engineering as the technological and managerial discipline concerned with systematic development and maintenance of quality products that are developed, validated, and implemented within a specific time frame and within an estimated cost range. This definition is sufficiently distinct from the objectives of computer science programs to deserve a separate curriculum. Students entering the program are required to have one year of industrial experience, courses or experience in high level and assembly languages, hardware design, discrete mathematics, and probability or statistics. The program is more quantitatively oriented than other software engineering programs we have examined and includes two courses in architecture, database, operating systems, languages, algorithms, two semesters in both computer networks and software engineering and a project course. The program emphasizes group projects and quantitative measurements and predictions.
Positive Ion Mobility in Liquid 3He

Previous measurements1 of the positive ion mobility in liquid 3He below 1°K indicated the existence of a minimum with temperature; however, scatter and a hysteresis phenomena prevented a clear conclusion. A better measurement of this mobility is relevant as it should provide information on the structure of the positive ion in liquid He, a structure that is now under closer examination. Recent measurements by Johnson and Glaberson2 revealed the effect of various impurity ions on the mobility of these structures. According to the classical snowball model of Atkins,3 the minimum with temperature mentioned above is expected near 0.3°K as a consequence of the well-known minimum in the melting curve of 3He. In this work we suggest that the shape of the mobility minimum is related to the layered model proposed by Johnson and Glaberson.2
Development and Implementation of a Family-Focused Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum: Minnesota State University, Mankato.

Nurse educators have the responsibility to create learning experiences centered on the scientific and praxis foci of the nursing discipline to advance nursing practice with families. Although the n...
Circular DNA tumor viruses make circular RNAs.

Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) cause ∼2% of all human cancers. RNase R-resistant RNA sequencing revealed that both gammaherpesviruses encode multiple, uniquely stable, circular RNAs (circRNA). EBV abundantly expressed both exon-only and exon−intron circRNAs from the BamHI A rightward transcript (BART) locus (circBARTs) formed from a spliced BART transcript and excluding the EBV miRNA region. The circBARTs were expressed in all verified EBV latency types, including EBV-positive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, Burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and AIDS-associated lymphoma tissues and cell lines. Only cells infected with the B95-8 EBV strain, with a 12-kb BART locus deletion, were negative for EBV circBARTs. Less abundant levels of EBV circRNAs originating from LMP2- and BHLF1-encoding genes were also identified. The circRNA sequencing of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells revealed a KSHV-encoded circRNA from the vIRF4 locus (circvIRF4) that was constitutively expressed. In addition, KSHV polyadenylated nuclear (PAN) RNA locus generated a swarm (>100) of multiply backspliced, low-abundance RNase R-resistant circRNAs originating in both sense and antisense directions consistent with a novel hyperbacksplicing mechanism. In EBV and KSHV coinfected cells, exon-only EBV circBARTs were located more in the cytoplasm, whereas the intron-retaining circBARTs were found in the nuclear fraction. KSHV circvIRF4 and circPANs were detected in both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. Among viral circRNAs tested, none were found in polysome fractions from KSHV−EBV coinfected BC1 cells, although low-abundance protein translation from viral circRNAs could not be excluded. The circRNAs are a new class of viral transcripts expressed in gammaherpesvirus-related tumors that might contribute to viral oncogenesis.
Abstract 3931: The irradiated tissue microenvironment and its role in breast cancer recurrence: Enhanced macrophage infiltration promotes tumor cell recruitment

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) recurrence rates remain high despite aggressive therapeutic intervention, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT). Recent studies suggest that circulating tumor cell re-seeding of primary tumors may facilitate recurrence rather than persistent tumor cells in the irradiated surgical bed. However, the role of the microenvironment in recurrence is not well understood. An emerging risk factor for breast cancer patients is lymphopenia or abnormally low systemic lymphocyte counts following therapy. In this study, we examined whether lymphopenia following therapy correlates to local recurrence. To investigate the relationship between prolonged low lymphocyte count and recurrence, we evaluated radiation effects on tumor and immune cell recruitment to normal tissues using an orthotopic breast cancer model of lymphopenia. We tested the hypothesis that local recurrence in some instances is due to the attraction of circulating tumor cells to irradiated tissues. Local cytokine secretion as well as protein expression levels were analyzed to evaluate how tumor-stromal interactions modulate tumor cell recruitment to sites of damage. Recurrence free survival at 5 years for TNBC patients with sustained low ALC 1-5 months after RT (n=37) was 62.5% compared with 97% for patients with normal ALC (n=46; p Citation Format: Benjamin C. Hacker, Steven M. Alves, Dadi Jiang, Albert C. Koong, Amato J. Giaccia, Edward E. Graves, Marjan Rafat. The irradiated tissue microenvironment and its role in breast cancer recurrence: Enhanced macrophage infiltration promotes tumor cell recruitment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3931.
Individual differences in imaging behavior: vividness and controllability

nouns (Sheehan, 1972b). Kessel (1972) feels that Paivio's estab­ lishment of the functional relationship between imagery and learning and memory contributed significantly to the eradication of "pseudo-objective" taboos against imagery research.
Half-lives of 51 Cr, 48 Cr, and 48 V

The half-lives of $^{51}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{48}\mathrm{Cr}$, and $^{48}\mathrm{V}$ have been determined by following the decay of the isotopes for six to ten half-lives. The half-lives were obtained by a least-squares weighted fit to the data. The half-life of $^{48}\mathrm{Cr}$ (${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}=21.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$) is considerably lower than previous measurements.
Methionine Analog Inhibitors of S-Adenosy lmethionine Biosynthesis as Potential Antitumor Agents

The essentiality of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) in transmethylation reactions and polyamine biosynthesis provides a rationale for the development of methionine (Met) analog inhibitors of AdoMet synthesis as potential antitumor agents. Recent studies indicating that “Met dependent” tumors have defects in Met and AdoMet metabolism suggest that certain tumors may be particularly susceptible to growth inhibition by Met analogs (Hoffman, 1985). Systematic approaches to the design of such analogs have been facilitated by the earlier studies on Met analog inhibitors of microbial and mammalian isofunctional methionine adenosyl transferases (MAT; EC 2.5.1.6) reported by Talalay and coworkers (Chou et. al., 1977), in which certain critical features of the enzyme bound conformation of L-Met and of the complementary topography at its L-Met binding site were defined.
Factors Associated With Testing for Hepatitis C Infections Among a Commercially Insured Population of Persons With HIV, United States 2008-2016.

Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem among people with HIV. People with HIV who are coinfected with HCV infection are at increased risk for cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatitis C-related mortality; as such, national guidelines recommend that persons with HIV be tested for HCV infection. Methods Data from the 2003-2017 IBM Watson Health MarketScan database were used for this study. We used diagnostic, procedural, and drug codes to identify patients with ≥1 inpatient or outpatient medical claim of HIV diagnosis. Patients with prior HIV or hepatitis C diagnoses were excluded. We calculated hepatitis C testing rates among newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons within 12 months of the initial HIV diagnosis date (January 1, 2008-December 31, 2016). We used Poisson regression to identify the factors associated with hepatitis C testing. Lastly, we assessed hepatitis C testing trends using the Cochran-Armitage test. Results The prevalence of testing for hepatitis C in newly identified persons with HIV (n = 46 277) was 50% within 12 months of the index HIV diagnosis. From 2008 to 2017, the testing rate increased by 13%. Significant predictors of hepatitis C testing were age, sex, and urbanicity. Women with HIV were less likely to have been tested compared with men (relative risk, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.77-0.81). Only 40% of patients between 50 and 59 years of age were tested for hepatitis C within 12 months of the index HIV diagnosis, while 56% of persons with HIV aged 20-29 years were tested for hepatitis C. Conclusions Overall, 50% of newly diagnosed HIV patients were tested for hepatitis C within 12 months of HIV diagnosis. Although there were increases in hepatitis C testing rates over the study period, there were missed opportunities to detect HCV infection among people newly diagnosed with HIV.
Structural inequities in seasonal influenza vaccination rates.

Influenza immunization is a highly effective method of reducing illness, hospitalization and mortality from this disease. However, influenza vaccination rates in the U.S. remain below public health targets and persistent structural inequities reduce the likelihood that Black, American Indian and Alaska Native, Latina/o, Asian groups, and populations of low socioeconomic status will receive the influenza vaccine. We analyzed correlates of influenza vaccination rates using the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the year 2020. Our analysis compared influenza vaccination as the outcome of interest with the variables age, sex, race, education, income, geographic location, health insurance status, access to primary care, history of delaying care due to cost, and comorbidities such as: asthma, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, body mass index, cancer and diabetes. Non-Hispanic White (46.5%) and Asian (44.1%) participants are more likely to receive the influenza vaccine compared to Non-Hispanic Black (36.7%), Hispanic (33.9%), American Indian/Alaskan Native (36.6%), and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (37.9%) participants. We found persistent structural inequities that predict influenza vaccination, within and across racial and ethnic groups, including not having health insurance [OR: 0.51 (0.47–0.55)], not having regular access to primary care [OR: 0.50 (0.48–0.52)], and the need to delay medical care due to cost [OR: 0.75 (0.71–0.79)]. As COVID-19 vaccination efforts evolve, it is important for physicians and policymakers to identify the structural impediments to equitable U.S. influenza vaccination so that future vaccination campaigns are not impeded by these barriers to immunization.
Re-framing Russia’s soft power in post-accession Latvia: education reform and naturalization for stateless children

Russia declared itself the protector of Russian-speakers living in former Soviet Republics in the early 1990s and utilized a variety of hard and soft power mechanisms to influence ethnopolitics in ...
Autonomous Procurement System (APS): Pro Forma Development

The paper discloses a pending patent that was filed to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in March 2020. The proposed patent provides an autonomous solution for conducting the procurement process for services as well as materials. This paper focuses only on one activity of the autonomous procurement system (APS), namely, pro forma development. The paper also provides a brief description of a typical procurement process for services as an introduction.
Effect of type of diet on blood and plasma taurine concentrations, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiograms in 4 dog breeds.

Background Associations of diet with dilated cardiomyopathy are under investigation. Objectives That cardiac assessment would show abnormalities in healthy dogs eating grain-free (GF) diets or diets with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-listed ingredients of concern (peas, lentils, or potatoes) as top 10 ingredients (FDA-PLP), but not in dogs eating grain-inclusive (GI) diets or diets without FDA-listed ingredients of concern (PLP) in the top 10 ingredients (NoFDA-PLP). Animals One hundred eighty-eight healthy Doberman Pinschers, Golden Retrievers, Miniature Schnauzers, and Whippets. Methods This study was an observational cross-sectional study. Echocardiograms, cardiac biomarkers, and blood and plasma taurine concentrations were compared between dogs eating GF (n = 26) and GI (n = 162) diets, and between FDA-PLP (n = 39) and NoFDA-PLP (n = 149) diets, controlling for age and breed. Demographic characteristics, murmurs, genetic status, and ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) during examination were compared between dogs eating different diet types. Results No differences in echocardiographic variables, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide or whole blood taurine were noted between dogs eating different diet types. Dogs eating GF diets had higher median high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) (GF 0.076 ng/mL [Interquartile range (IQR), 0.028-0.156] vs. GI 0.048 [IQR, 0.0026-0.080]; P Conclusions and clinical importance Higher hs-cTnI in healthy dogs eating GF and FDA-PLP diets might indicate low-level cardiomyocyte injury.
Use of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services in the Transport of Patients With Known or Suspected Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Abstract Objective Limited information exists regarding the response of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) programs to patients with known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to determine changes in flight operations during the early stages of the pandemic. Methods A survey of the American College of Emergency Physicians Air Medical Section was conducted between May 13, 2020, and August 1, 2020. COVID-19 prevalence was defined as high versus low based on cases > 2,500 or ≤ 2,500. Results Of the 48 respondents, the majority (89.6%) reported that their patient guidelines had changed because of COVID-19; 89.6% of programs reported transporting COVID-19–positive patients, whereas 91.5% reported transporting persons under investigation. The majority of respondents reported additional training in COVID-19 airway management (79.2%) and personal protective equipment use (93.6%). Permitted aerosol-generating procedures included bilevel positive airway pressure (40.4%) and high-flow nasal oxygen (66.0%). No difference in guideline changes, positive COVID-19/persons under investigation transport restrictions, or permitted aerosol-generating procedures were noted between high- and low-prevalence settings. Conclusion COVID-19 has resulted in changes to HEMS guidelines regardless of local disease prevalence. The pandemic has persisted sufficiently long that data regarding the effectiveness of guideline changes should be analyzed. In the absence of definitive data, national best practices should be developed to guide COVID-19 HEMS transport.
A Precise Sub-milliohm DCR Current Sensing Scheme for Area-Efficient Multiphase Peak Current Mode Controller

This paper proposes a low direct current resistance (DCR) current sensing scheme for multiphase peak current mode controller. A second order RC sensing network amplifies the high frequency sensing signal and also extracts the low frequency signal. The sensing error of traditional DCR current sensing, which caused by the input bias current of the sensing circuit, is cancelled. A time-shared amplifier amplifies the low frequency signals from all the phases, and the outputs are combined with the exaggerated high frequency signals of each phase respectively to rebuild the current sensing signals. Small signal analysis and the design guidelines of the proposed sensing scheme are presented. The proposed method enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of traditional DCR current sensing, improves the phase to phase current balancing and dramatically reduces silicon area of the sensing circuit. The experimental results on the fabricated IC controller show that the controller provides small PWM jittering, tight current balancing and fast dynamic response.
Cycloisomerizations across three states: the total synthesis of gelsenicine

Abstract The first total synthesis of (±)-gelsenicine is described. The strategy centers on a pivotal metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization–Cope rearrangement sequence to construct the central core of the Gelsemium alkaloid. The study provided a stimulating forum for analyzing the cycloisomerization reaction in detail, where we uncovered many subtle effects related to the substrates and catalytic conditions that guided our optimization. Ultimately, we were able to forge the core architecture of the molecule in good yield through this complexity-building transformation, which enabled a highly streamlined synthesis of the natural product. This chapter will highlight our cycloisomerization studies and how they influenced the evolution of our methods-focused strategy toward gelsenicine.
Pathogen-induced expression of a blight tolerance transgene in American chestnut.

American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a susceptible host of the invasive necrotrophic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes chestnut blight disease. The fungal pathogen attacks chestnut stems by invading wounded tissue and secreting oxalate. This process leads to the death of infected host cells and the formation of cankers, eventually girdling stems and killing the tree above the infections. To reduce damage caused by fungal oxalate, American chestnut has been genetically engineered to express a wheat oxalate oxidase (OxO). This enzyme degrades the oxalate produced by the pathogen and confers elevated tolerance to Cryphonectria parasitica infection. We report new lines of transgenic American chestnut that have been developed with the win3.12 inducible promoter from poplar (Populus deltoides) driving OxO expression. This promoter is responsive to both wounding and pathogen infection, with a low level of baseline expression. Targeted expression of OxO to wounded and infected tissue is sought as an alternative to constitutive expression for potential metabolic resource conservation and transgene stability over the long lifetime of a tree and over successive generations of breeding. Transgenic Castanea dentata lines harbouring the win3.12-OxO construct were evaluated for transgene expression patterns and tolerance to chestnut blight infection. OxO transcript levels were low in uninfected plants, but robust infection-induced expression levels were observed, with one transgenic line reaching levels comparable to those of previously characterized CaMV35S-OxO lines. In chestnut blight infection bioassays, win3.12-OxO lines showed elevated disease tolerance similar to blight-resistant Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) controls.
Experimental impacts of a teacher professional development program in early childhood on explicit vocabulary instruction across the curriculum.

Abstract This study evaluates the effects of a coaching-based teacher professional development program on Chilean kindergarten teachers’ explicit vocabulary instruction. Classroom videotapes gathered during the cluster-randomized evaluation of the Un Buen Comienzo (UBC) program were analyzed to identify the intervention impacts of training. The offer of training increased the probability that literacy instruction would occur by 26 percent and that vocabulary support would be provided during literacy by 25 percent. Controlling for the presence of literacy instruction, training increased literacy instruction by 13.68 min and increased vocabulary support during literacy by 2.87 min. However, training reduced the probability that other-topic instruction would occur by 25 percent and the probability of vocabulary support during other topics by 39 percent. Implications for the scope and focus of language-based teacher professional development are discussed.
Algorithm 1007: QNSTOP—Quasi-Newton Algorithm for Stochastic Optimization

QNSTOP consists of serial and parallel (OpenMP) Fortran 2003 codes for the quasi-Newton stochastic optimization method of Castle and Trosset for stochastic search problems. A complete description of QNSTOP for both local search with stochastic objective and global search with “noisy” deterministic objective is given here, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. For stochastic search problems, some convergence theory exists for particular algorithmic choices and parameter values. Both the parallel driver subroutine, which offers several parallel decomposition strategies, and the serial driver subroutine can be used for local stochastic search or global deterministic search, based on an input switch. Some performance data for computational systems biology problems is given.
Variables, Expressions and Statements

The central characteristic of imperative programming languages is that they allow the creation of variables. An identifier (or name) is usually some combination of alphabetic and numeric characters of restricted length. But what is a variable and how is it distinguished from a name? As we will see a name is merely one component of a variable. Suppose we have the assignment statement
Rhythm, Music, and the Brain: Scientific Foundations and Clinical Applications

The Structure of Rhythm Aesthetics and Psychobiology The Neural Dynamics of Rhythm Biomedical Research in Music Rhythm Driven Optimization of Motor Control Music in Therapy and Medicine Neurologic Music Therapy in Sensorimotor Rehabilitation Neurologic Music Therapy in Speech and Language Rehabilitation Neurologic Music Therapy In Cognitive Rehabilitation
On the Threshold of Another False Start

This disquisition argues, inter alia, that the prodemocracy movements in Africa are not truly wedded to their manifestos. It contends that the clamor for multi-partyism is hollow, because the performance of the multi-party systems in Africa today leaves much to be desired. It alerts the civil society and other prodemocracy organizations that the process of democratization is not an easy one; therefore, the commitment to it must be total.
Current Standards and Clinical Trials in Systemic Therapy for Stage III Lung Cancer: What Is New?

Patients with stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprise a heterogeneous group, some of whom have curable disease. Although surgery plays a role for some patients, the majority of fit pa...
Improvement of cellularity on cell block preparations using the so‐called tissue coagulum clot method during endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial fine‐needle aspiration

BACKGROUND Cell block (CB) preparation during the endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) procedure plays an important role in the diagnosis of lung cancer and recovery of cellular material for molecular characterization of the tumor. However, the efficiency of the conventional method of CB preparation is suboptimal.
Snapshot of clinical supervision in counseling and counselor education: A five-year review.

Clinical supervision articles in journals published by the American Counseling Association and in two international counseling journals over the last five years include both conceptual pieces and empirical studies. These articles are reviewed and discussed in light of themes, trends, and implications for the practice of clinical supervision as well as supervisor training.
Stenting for Stroke

Stenting blood vessels open prevents heart attacks, so couldn’t it also be effective for preventing stroke? Derdeyn and colleagues sought to answer this very question in a randomized trial called SAMMPRIS: Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent stroke in Intracranial
Label-free detection of biomolecules using a tapered optical fiber sensor

A tapered optical fiber sensor (TOFS) is a kind of optical fiber sensor that uses special geometries to measure properties of surrounding environments or samples using evanescent waves. This paper presents a fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive tapered optical fiber biosensor that, using a miniature sensing structure, enables the label-free direct detection of biomolecules. The sensor takes advantage of the interference effect between the fiber's first two modes along the taper waist region. This effect causes some interference fringes in the transmission spectrum. Because of its sharp spectrum fringe signals and its long biomolecule testing region, the sensor is fast and highly sensitive. To better understand the influence of various biomolecules on the sensor, a computer simulation that varied such bio-layer parameters as thickness and refractive index was performed. The result of 0.4 nm/nm showed that the spectrum fringe shift of the sensor was large enough to be easily measured even when the bio-layer was nanometers thick. A tapered optical fiber biosensor was then fabricated and evaluated with an immune globulin G (IgG) antibody-antigen pair, and showed good performance.
Peritonsillar abscess in children: a 10-year review of diagnosis and management.

Abstract Objective: peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep neck infection in adults and children. However, pediatric patients with their smaller anatomy and often inability to cooperate with exam and treatment, provide a challenge. This study reviews the experience over the last 10 years at a children's hospital in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric peritonsillar abscess. Methods: a retrospective chart review of 83 children diagnosed with a peritonsillar abscess by the Otolaryngology service over a 10-year period (March 1989–February 1999) were reviewed. Presenting signs and symptoms, physical findings, age, season of presentation, prior pharyngitis history, and prior treatment was collected from the charts. Additionally, diagnostic studies (if any), treatment performed, bacteriology, and outcome/complications were noted. Results: due to either an inability to cooperate fully for examination and treatment, or because of an earlier history of significant recurrent pharyngitis or obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy, half of the children required treatment in the operating room. Twenty-six out of 83 (31%) underwent a quinsy tonsillectomy. Length of stay was relatively short (0.9 days). There were no recurrent PTAs in our series, although four children initially treated with incision and drainage required tonsillectomy for persistent symptoms or residual abscess. Ten of those not treated with tonsillectomy (19%) required interval tonsillectomy for recurrent pharyngitis. Conclusion: limited by the ability to cooperate with treatment, children often require different treatment plans. We offer a treatment algorithm for managing children with PTAs that takes into account their age, level of cooperativeness, co-morbidities and prior history of pharyngitis, PTA or obstructive sleep disorder.
Face to Face (II): Semiotics of Interactivity

Faces challenge the sender-receiver model as the major scheme of thought for appropriately understanding interaction between human individuals. The openness and indeterminacy of faces lead to establish a semiotically relevant distinction between interaction and interactivity. The latter is our proposed articulation of the dynamic energy that thrives through the existence of signs and the uses of a semiotics. Facial expressions sustain and express the vital dynamism of making meaning in life. This often occurs at a bewildering distance to legal life and discourses established by legal terminologies.
Sagnac loop interferometer using polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber

A Sagnac loop interferometer using polarization maintaining (PM) photonic crystal fiber was experimentally demonstrated and analyzed. Different filtering functions and reduced temperature dependence were observed. Experimental results agree well with simulations.
Three-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation for finite-amplitude gravity waves in a fluid

The averaged Lagrangian method is used to derive a new nonlinear Schrodinger equation in order to describe the evolution of three-dimensional modulations superposed on finite-amplitude gravity waves in a fluid. An interesting feature of this equation is that the wave energy initially confined to a narrow band of wave numbers continues to be confined to a limited region in the wave number space. Unlike the three-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation available in the literature, the equation obtained in this paper may, therefore, be adequate for the description of the evolution of the three-dimensional modulations.
The oxidation of carbon on nickel: Effects of surface morphology☆

Abstract The thermal desorption of CO from nickel surfaces has been used to follow the interaction of carbon with oxygen. The CO desorption spectrum subsequent to oxygen exposure of an initially clean nickel surface exhibits three principal peaks denoted as α, β 1 , and β 2 . The low-temperature a peak is believed to correspond to the desorption of molecularly adsorbed CO. The high-temperature β 2 peak is due to the desorption of CO formed by surface combination of dissociatively adsorbed oxygen and carbon diffusing from the crystal interior. The intermediate-temperature β 1 peak is also believed to be due to CO formed by combination of O and C at the surface. Evidence suggests that the surface carbon contributing to the β 1 peak arises from the segregation of carbon from the bulk to the surface before or during oxygen exposure. The β 1 peak is very sensitive to surface orientation and is, in particular, significantly enhanced as the degree of atomic surface roughness increases. These results are discussed in terms of preferential carbon segregation to surface defect sites.
A new look at the chemical master equation

This paper discusses the numerical simulation of stochastic chemical kinetics from a point of view that is opposite to the one prevalent in the literature. Specifically, we re-derive existing methods by first discretizing in time the chemical master equation, then sampling the resulting numerical solution (which is a probability density). This analysis reveals the hidden approximations made by the stochastic simulation algorithm and by the tau-leaping method, and opens the way for constructing new families of solvers.
SURFACE SEICHES AND CURRENTS IN DOUGLAS LAKE, MICHIGAN1

Surface seiches and currents were studied in Douglas Lake, Michigan. Over 93% of 150 drift bottles used to determine the surface currents were recovered. Eastward flow, highly correlated with prevailing west winds, dominated the current pattern during the study. The periodic responses of the lake were measured by a float gauge in a stilling well and computed theoretically by the Defant method of seiche analysis. The binodal seiche (T = 14.2 min measured, 13.6 min computed) was the dominant mode. The pronounced convexity of the basin probably accounts for the absence of the uninodal period in the records. Bays of even considerable extent have little effect on seiche parameters.
Convergent evolution of a fused sexual cycle promotes the haploid lifestyle

Sexual reproduction is restricted to eukaryotic species and involves the fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid cell that subsequently undergoes meiosis to generate recombinant haploid forms. This process has been extensively studied in the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which exhibits separate regulatory control over mating and meiosis. Here we address the mechanism of sexual reproduction in the related hemiascomycete species Candida lusitaniae. We demonstrate that, in contrast to S. cerevisiae, C. lusitaniae exhibits a highly integrated sexual program in which the programs regulating mating and meiosis have fused. Profiling of the C. lusitaniae sexual cycle revealed that gene expression patterns during mating and meiosis were overlapping, indicative of co-regulation. This was particularly evident for genes involved in pheromone MAPK signalling, which were highly induced throughout the sexual cycle of C. lusitaniae. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the orthologue of IME2, a 'diploid-specific' factor in S. cerevisiae, and STE12, the master regulator of S. cerevisiae mating, were each required for progression through both mating and meiosis in C. lusitaniae. Together, our results establish that sexual reproduction has undergone significant rewiring between S. cerevisiae and C. lusitaniae, and that a concerted sexual cycle operates in C. lusitaniae that is more reminiscent of the distantly related ascomycete, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We discuss these results in light of the evolution of sexual reproduction in yeast, and propose that regulatory coupling of mating and meiosis has evolved multiple times as an adaptation to promote the haploid lifestyle.
THE DETECTION OF INTERSTELLAR ETHANIMINE (CH3CHNH) FROM OBSERVATIONS TAKEN DURING THE GBT PRIMOS SURVEY

We have performed reaction product screening measurements using broadband rotational spectroscopy to identify rotational transition matches between laboratory spectra and the Green Bank Telescope PRIMOS radio astronomy survey spectra in Sagittarius B2 North (Sgr B2(N)). The broadband rotational spectrum of molecules created in an electrical discharge of CH3CN and H2S contained several frequency matches to unidentified features in the PRIMOS survey that did not have molecular assignments based on standard radio astronomy spectral catalogs. Several of these transitions are assigned to the E- and Z-isomers of ethanimine. Global fits of the rotational spectra of these isomers in the range of 8-130 GHz have been performed for both isomers using previously published mm-wave spectroscopy measurements and the microwave measurements of the current study. Possible interstellar chemistry formation routes for E-ethanimine and Z-ethanimine are discussed. The detection of ethanimine is significant because of its possible role in the formation of alanine—one of the twenty amino acids in the genetic code.
Blood Pressure Reduction, Decreased Diffusion on MRI, and Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose—Decreased diffusion (DD) consistent with acute ischemia may be detected on MRI after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but its risk factors and impact on functional outcomes are not well-defined. We tested the hypotheses that DD after ICH is related to acute blood pressure (BP) reduction and lower hemoglobin and presages worse functional outcomes. Methods—Patients who underwent MRI were prospectively evaluated for DD by certified neuroradiologists blinded to outcomes. Hemoglobin and BP data were obtained via electronic queries. Outcomes were obtained at 14 days and 3 months with the modified Rankin Scale, a functional scale scored from 0 (no symptoms) to 6 (dead). We used logistic regression for dependence or death (modified Rankin Scale score 4–6). Results—DD distinct from the hematoma was found on MRI in 39 of 95 patients (41%). DD was associated with greater BP reductions from baseline and a higher risk of dependence or death at 3 months (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence inter...
Cytotoxicity of synthetic fuel products on Tetrahymena pyriformis. II. Shale oil retort water.

Shale oil retort water is obtained by centrifuging the oil/water emulsion produced by oil shale retorting. The ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis was exposed to retort water; 2,1, and 0.5% initially increased motility; longer exposures decreased motility. Three, 4, and 5% all decreased motility. Cell lysis was directly related to concentration; after 24 h, population densities were 0, 10, and 25% of controls for 2, 1, and 0.5% retort water, respectively. Oxygen consumption paralleled the motility pattern: at lower concentrations it increased initially but decreased with extended exposures while at higher concentrations it decreased rapidly. The most striking cytologic alteration of cells exposed to the toxicant occurred in the membranes; alterations of mucocysts and glycogen content were also observed, but mitochondrial changes were not. Population growth was affected at much lower concentrations than the other test indices. The growth of test populations reached a plateau at values inversely related to concentration: concentrations < 0.4% had no effect on growth rate.
The stability of binocular rivalry during spaced and massed viewing

The purpose of the study was consideration of the stability of binocular rivalry rates during extended periods of spaced and massed viewing by untrained observers. In Experiment I no relationship was found between eyeblink rates and rivalry rates, and a visual vigilance task reported simultaneously with rivalry reporting proved to be a useful indicator that Ss maintained attention during the viewing period; the vigilance task did not disrupt rivalry data. In Experiment II Ss reported rivalry during 10 min. of continuous or 10 min. of non-continuous viewing on each of three consecutive days. The vigilance task was presented to all Ss. After the first minute of viewing, during which conditions were alike for all Ss and rivalry rates differed only slightly, the rates of the Spaced Groups increased while the rates of the Massed Groups showed little variation.
The ionization state and the conformation of Glu-71 in the KcsA K(+) channel.

The side chain of Glu-71 of the KcsA K(+) channel, an important residue in the vicinity of the selectivity filter, was not resolved in the crystallographic structure of Doyle et al. (Doyle, D. A., J. M. Cabral, R. A. Pfuetzner, A. Kuo, J. M. Gulbis, S. L. Cohen, B. T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon. 1998. Science. 280:69-77). Its atomic coordinates are undetermined and its ionization state is unknown. For meaningful theoretical and computational studies of the KcsA K(+) channel, it is essential to address questions about the conformation and the ionization state of this residue in detail. In previous MD simulations in which the side chain of Glu-71 is protonated and forming a strong hydrogen bond with Asp-80 it was observed that the channel did not deviate significantly from the crystallographic structure (Berneche, S., and B. Roux. 2000. Biophys. J. 78:2900-2917). In contrast, we show here that the structure of the selectivity filter of the KcsA channel is significantly disrupted when these side chains are fully ionized on each of the four monomers. To further resolve questions about the ionization state of Glu-71 we calculated the pK(a) value of this residue using molecular dynamics free energy simulations (MD/FES) with a fully flexible system including explicit solvent and membrane and finite-difference Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) continuum electrostatics. It is found that the pK(a) of Glu-71 is shifted by approximately +10 pK(a) units. These results strongly suggest that Glu-71 is protonated under normal conditions.
Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans: indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Abstract Objective To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiologic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIF, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4, 2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.
New reasons for realism

Both the psychology of perception and the philosophy of perception seem to show a new face when the process is considered at its own level, distinct from that of sensation. Unfamiliar conceptions in physics, anatomy, physiology, psychology, and phenomenology are required to clarify the separation and make it plausible. But there have been so many dead ends in the effort to solve the theoretical problems of perception that radical proposals may now be acceptable. Scientists are often more conservative than philosophers of science. I end, therefore, as I began, with a plea for help.