cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-tonsillectomy bleeding: a meta-analysis.

Objective/Hypothesis: To reconcile conflicting reports and opinions of the value of preoperative coagulation studies for patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Study Design: Meta-analysis: Articles were identified by MEDLINE search, references from review articles, textbook chapter, and retrieved reports. Independent observers selected prospective trials of patients undergoing tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. Retrospective studies meeting other inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for sensitivity analyses of results. Methods: Data were abstracted from studies for an end point of bleeding with normal and abnormal coagulation tests. Four prospective studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. These four studies were used in the data synthesis. An additional eight retrospective studies met all other criteria and were used in the sensitivity analysis. Results: Pooled analysis of 3384 patients revealed a rate of 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5%-4.1%) for post-tonsillectomy bleeding in patients with normal coagulation studies. A rate of 8.7% (95% CI, 1.5%-15.9%) was obtained for bleeding in patients with abnormal coagulation studies. No significant rate difference in post-tonsillectomy bleeding was demonstrated. Conclusion: There is no difference in the rate of post-tonsillectomy bleeding in patients with abnormal coagulation studies as compared with patients with normal coagulation studies obtained preoperatively.
Laparoendoscopic single-site extraperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy: first experience.

Abstract Objectives: To report the first clinical experience with laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) extraperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy. Materials and Methods: A 33-year-old woman with biopsy proven locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was taken to the operating room for surgical staging. Preoperative imaging did not detect any aortic lymph node metastases. Informed consent for LESS extraperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy was obtained. A 2 cm transverse incision was made on the left side midway between the iliac crest and inferior costal margin along the middle axillary line. The preperitoneal space was created and the TriportTM inserted. Using the Deflectable-Tip EndoEyeTM laparoscope and two straight instruments, the aortic lymphadenectomy was performed as defined by the disease-specific oncologic principles. Results: The procedure was completed in 125 minutes. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, and the blood loss was minimal (10 mL). The patient was disch...
Variation in early neonatal mortality for different types of fetal growth retardation

Birth and first-48-hr death records were analyzed for 10,024 liveborn infants in Mexico City and 12,786 liveborn infants in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The objective of the analysis was to characterize the early postnatal mortality rates for different types of fetal growth retardation and prematurity. Infants who were delivered prior to 37 weeks of gestation had 23-100 times the mortality risk of infants born at full term and normal weight. Light-for-gestational-age infants (birth weight less than 2,900 g) were further divided into proportionately growth-retarded with normal Rohrer's index (weight/height) and disproportionately growth-retarded with low Rohrer's index. The proportionately growth-retarded infant had nearly twice the mortality of the full-term, appropriate-weight infants, whereas the disproportionately growth-retarded infants had 2.9-5.7 times the mortality rate of the full-term, appropriate-weight infants. There were some differences between samples in mortality rates and prevalence of the different classes of small infants, but the pattern of mortality within samples was consistent between samples.
Comparison of different approaches for evaluation of the detection and quantitation limits of a purity method: A case study using a capillary isoelectrofocusing method for a monoclonal antibody

Several different techniques suggested by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2R1 guideline were used to assess the signal and concentration at the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for a purity method. These approaches were exemplified with a capillary isoelectrofocusing (cIEF) method, which has been developed to quantify the distribution of the charge isoforms of a monoclonal antibody. The charge isoforms are the result of incomplete posttranslational processing of C-terminal lysine residues of the heavy chain by carboxypeptidase. Results showed no significant discrepancy between LOD/LOQ obtained by the different techniques. Validation experiments corroborated the calculated LOQ. The results indicate that any single technique can provide meaningful values for the LOD and LOQ. Finally, important points to consider when applying these techniques to purity methods are discussed.
Generalized scalar operators as dilations

It is shown that polynomially bounded operators on Banach spaces have polynomially bounded dilations which have spectrum in the unit circle and are generalized scalar. The proof also yields a description of all compressions of generalized scalar operators with spectrum in the unit circle.
Perceived income inequality and suicide rates in Central/Eastern European countries and Western countries, 1990-1993

Sociological studies on cross-national male and female suicide rates have found numerous factors related to variation in suicide rates. The present study focuses on how perceived differences in income inequality impact suicide rates in 12 different countries, unlike most prior studies on income inequality and suicide that use measures of actual income inequality.Using G. Jasso's (1999) index on perceived income inequality, the author found that perceived income inequality is related more strongly and more consistently to male suicide rates than female suicide rates. Relative to other variables used in this analysis,perceived income inequality also accounts for most of the difference in the gender gap of male versus female suicide rates.
Comparison of frequency, intensity, and duration of aggressive responses in rats.

Abstract Three judges were trained to evaluate the frequency, intensity, and duration of aggressive responses in rats. Intrajudge and interjudge reliability ranged from .84 to .99. Correlation coefficients between frequency, intensity, and duration of aggressive responses ranged from .89 to .99. All three measures were found to be highly reliable methods of measuring aggression.
Playing with Boundaries: Critical Reflections on Strategies for an Environmental Culture and the Promise of Civic Environmentalism

This essay reflects on three strategic visions of how society might develop in the direction of a more environmentally responsible culture. These strategies—green technology, ecocentrism, and civic environmentalism—offer promising elements of what we need. However, each fails in different ways to successfully explain how citizens, caught up in consumerist practices and their supporting belief systems, can be led to take the transformative steps needed to build a culture that engages responsibly and respectfully with the natural environment. This essay aims to acknowledge the contributions of these three approaches, while also critically reflecting on their limitations. The core limitation is the unresolved clash between ecocentrism's focus on the vulnerability of nature's intrinsic value to any anthropogenic intervention and civic environmentalism's focus on the revival of strong civic democracy as a gateway to environmental health.
A framework for evaluating third-party logistics

3PL providers with advanced IT are expected to lower logistics costs and integrate the supply chain with increased productivity and growth. Here, a set of criteria for choosing the most suitable provider.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a nonimmunosuppressed patient

A patient with no known underlying immunosuppressive disorder who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is described. A review of the English literature revealed ten other presumably nonimmunosuppressed patients with invasive aspergillosis. All had evidence of necrotizing pneumonitis with frequent cavity formation. Nine of the 11 patients died without the diagnosis of aspergillosis having been entertained. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis does occur in the nonimmunosuppressed host and should be considered when an etiologic agent is not readily identified in a patient with rapidly progressive diffuse necrotizing pneumonitis.
On a deformable superconductor model for the vortex viscoelastic drag coefficient

A deformable superconductor model for a velocity-dependent vortex visco-elastic drag coefficient is discussed. New integral identities for energy dissipation are derived, avoiding previously employed approximations. This approach provides a suitable basis for further extension and improvement of the deformable superconductor model.
Factors associated with participation or nonparticipation in a workplace wellness center

The aim of this project was to compare characteristics and factors that distinguished those individuals (n = 101) who participated in a worksite wellness program from those who did not (n = 100). This project was unique in that the majority of subjects were bluecollar workers. Factor analysis of a 35-item questionnaire resulted in six factors: perceived benefits of health promotion behaviors, perceived physical barriers of health promotion, perceived self-efficacy for health promotion behaviors, perceived psychological barriers, situational components relating to convenience of the wellness facility, and the need for social support. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-efficacy was the most useful factor in distinguishing between the two groups. Participants identified more benefits and fewer barriers to health promotion activities. Nonparticipants were older, less educated, and tended to view their age, their perceived lack of fitness, and perceived poorer health status as deterrents to regular physical activity. Nonparticipants also identified shift work, working overtime, responsibilities at home, and distance from work as important barriers to health promotion activities. Self-efficacy factors appear to warrant further investigation in future attempts to explain health promotion behaviors in this high risk group.
Evaluation of wetland creation and waterfowl use in conjunction with Abandoned Mine Lands in northeast Wyoming

During 1991 and 1992, we studied 92 wetlands, including open water (ponds) and emergent communities, created as a result of Wyoming Abandoned Mine Lands’ (AML) reclamation efforts in northeast Wyoming. Through these activities, over 300 wetlands were filled, reclaimed, created, or otherwise modified. For mitigation purposes, wetlands to be filled or modified were first evaluated using a Wetland Habitat Value (WHV) Model. Using the model, wetland losses were mitigated by increasing the WHV of some wetlands or by creating new wetlands elsewhere. We evaluated model performance in offsetting wetland loss and how well the model predicted waterfowl use. We also compared post-reclamation wetland sizes to those predicted by engineering plans and submitted for Section 404 permit approval. In our study, predicted WHVs were overestimated at 100% of the wetlands for which pre-reclamation WHVs were available (n=8). The most commonly overestimated variables were size, fraction of emergent cover, adjacent upland cover, and the number of bays and peninsulas. We obtained pre-construction size estimates for 64 of the original 80 wetlands. Fifty-five of 64 wetlands were smaller than pre-reclamation engineering goals. The WHV Model accurately predicted use of wetlands by migrating and breeding Canada geese (Branta canadensis), migrating dabbling ducks, and migrating diving ducks. Future users of the model must be careful not to overestimate results of planned mitigation efforts. Predicted size of constructed wetlands may be commonly overestimated; this possibility should be considered in mitigation plans, especially those involving wetland destruction.
Aggression in Pretend Play and Aggressive Behavior in the Classroom

Research Findings: Pretend play is an essential part of child development and adjustment. However, parents, teachers, and researchers debate the function of aggression in pretend play. Different models of aggression predict that the expression of aggression in play could either increase or decrease actual aggressive behavior. The current study examined pretend play and classroom behavior in preschoolers. Children (N = 59) were administered a measure of pretend play, and teacher ratings of classroom behavior were obtained. Pretend play skills were positively associated with prosocial behavior in the classroom and negatively associated with physical aggression in the classroom. In particular, expression of oral aggression in play related to less physical aggression and more prosocial behavior in the classroom. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest that pretend play should be encouraged, as these skills relate to positive behaviors in the classroom. In addition, it was found that aggression in pretend p...
Assessment of pathogens and toxicants in new orleans, LA following hurricane Katrina

Storm surge associated with Hurricane Katrina and the breach of levees protecting New Orleans, Louisiana allowed floodwaters from Lake Pontchartrain to inundate 80% of the city. Environmental samples were collected during September 16−18, 2005 to determine immediate human and wildlife health hazards from pathogens and toxicants in the floodwaters. Baseline information on potential long-term environmental damage resulting from contaminants in water and sediments pumped into Lake Pontchartrain was also collected. Concentrations of aldrin, arsenic, lead, and seven semivolatile organic compounds in sediments/soils exceeded one or more United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) thresholds for human health soil screening levels and high priority bright line screening levels. High numbers of Aeromonas spp., pathogenic Vibrio spp., and other coliform bacteria were found in floodwater samples. Alligator and snake tissues did not contain excessive toxicant concentrations. Initial findings suggest numerou...
Adhesion in friction

Abstract The importance of adhesion between slider and support in frictional phenomena is reviewed. The conclusion is that it is negligible as long as the term friction is used in its common sense, i.e. as long as frictional force is reproducible for a given path and is a definite function of the normal load. The basic reason for the absence of adhesion in air is that both slider and support are covered with adsorbed films (which represent a weak boundary layer) so that no atomic contact between the two solids is present. The main observations on the solid-to-solid adherence do not indicate any relation between adhesion and friction. The usual explanation for the absence of the adherence at normal separation of slider and support is incorrect. Frictional force is not proportional to the area of molecular contact and many attempts to measure this area are erroneous.
On a generalization of Polya inequality and some of its statistical implications

Let p be a prime and χ a nonprincipal character mod p. Let 1 ≤ m ≤ p and l an integer so that p + l. Then, we have |Σ χ(a)χ(a + l)|≤ 3 √p ln p. The proof makes use of estimation on Kloosterman sum via the Riemann hypothesis on finite fields. As simple consequence of the theorem we obtain a uniform distribution of consecutive quadratic residues mod p.
Intraspecific DNA variation in nuclear genes of the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are an abundant source of genetic variation among individual organisms. To assess the usefulness of SNPs for genome analysis in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti , we sequenced 25 nuclear genes in each of three strains and analysed nucleotide diversity. The average frequency of nucleotide variation was 12 SNPs per kilobase, indicating that nucleotide variation in Ae. aegypti is similar to that in other organisms, including Drosophila and the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . Transition polymorphisms outnumbered transversion polymorphisms, at a ratio of about 2 : 1. We examined codon usage and confirmed that mutational bias favours G and C ending codons. Codon bias was most pronounced in highly expressed genes. Nucleotide diversity estimates indicated that substitution rates are positively correlated in coding and non-coding regions. Nucleotide diversity varied from one gene to another. The unequal distribution of SNPs among Ae. aegypti nuclear genes suggests that single base variations are non-neutral and are subject to selective constraints. Our analysis showed that ubiquitously expressed genes have lower polymorphism rates and are likely under strong purifying selection, whereas tissue specific genes and genes with a putative role in parasite defence exhibit higher levels of polymorphism that may be associated with diversifying selection.
A rapid colorimetric method for measuring arsenic concentrations in groundwater

The arsenic content of groundwater consumed by millions of people in the developing world has become a major health concern. We report here an optimization of the colorimetric method of Johnson and Pilson (1972) to accurately measure As concentrations in the <0.03–5.3mol L −1 (<2–400 gL −1 ) range in groundwater containing 2–30mol L −1 dissolved phosphate. The optimization includes increases in the concentrations of potassium iodate, ascorbic acid, antimonyl tartrate used for sample pre-treatment and color development that significantly lowered the detection limit and shortened the reaction time. Mean recovery obtained for a suite of groundwater samples from Bangladesh spiked with As in the 0.13–13mol L −1 (10–1000 gL −1 ) range, the linear range of the method, was 97 ± 5% (n = 10). The colorimetric method agrees within 5 gL −1 for As concentrations up to 0.67mol L −1 (50 gL −1 ) and within 4% in the 0.67–5.3mol L −1 (50–400 gL −1 ) range with As analysis of the same Bangladesh groundwater samples by high-resolution inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry.
Reactive Flow and the Size Effect

The detonation reaction rate in μs−1 is derived from Size Effect data using the relation – DUs(∂Us/∂y)−1, where y =1/Ro, where Us is the detonation velocity for a ratestick of radius Ro and D is the infinite-radius detonation velocity. These rates are generally not constant with radius and have pressure exponents ranging from 5. JWL++, a simple Reactive Flow code, is run with one rate constant on many samples to compare its rates. JWL++'s pressure exponents vary from about 0.5 to 2.5, and failure occurs outside this range. There are three classes of explosives: (1) those for which the pressure exponent is between 1 and 2 and the rate is nearly constant (e.g. porous urea nitrate); (2) higher pressure explosives with a concave-down shape and large positive pressure exponents (dense TNT); and (3) explosives with negative pressure exponents and concave-up shapes (porous PETN). JWL++ fits only the first class well and has the most trouble with class 3. The pressure exponent in JWL++ is shown to be set by the shape of the Size Effect curve – a condition that arises in order to keep a constant reaction rate for all radii. Some explosives have too much bend to be modeled with one rate constant, e.g. Comp. B near failure. A study with creamed TNT shows that the rate constant need not be changed to account for containment. These results may well be pertinent to a larger consideration of the behavior of Reactive Flow models.
Immortalized hippocampal cells contain functional luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors

Abstract We used immortalized HN33p cells as surrogates for hippocampal neurons to investigate the functional importance of luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors. The use of various detection techniques demonstrated that HN33p cells contain LH/hCG receptor transcripts and receptor protein that can bind 125 I-hCG. Culturing them with highly purified hCG resulted in a significant, although modest, dose-and time-dependent and hormone specific increase in steady state 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) mRNA and protein levels. The studies on signaling revealed that treatment of HN33p cells with hCG resulted in a robust dose- and a time-dependent significant increase in media cyclic AMP levels. In addition, treatment with a protein kinase (PK)A inhibitor, isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-89), but not with a PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide (Bis), prevented hCG from increasing the 5-LO protein levels. Pretreatment of HN33p cells for 48 hrs with 2 μM antisense, but not sense, phosphorothioate oligodeoxy-nucleotides (ODN) synthesized from mouse LH/hCG receptor sequence resulted in a dramatic decrease in LH/hCG receptor protein levels. In the antisense, but not in sense, ODN-treated cells, hCG was unable to increase cyclic AMP and 5-LO protein levels, suggesting that receptors are required for hCG to work in HN33p cells.
Self-forces and atoms in gravitational fields

We consider the effect on an atom of the non-Coulomb terms in the electromagnetic field of a point charge and the corresponding self-forces and self-torques which arise in a gravitational field such as that of a black hole.
Design constraints in computed tomography: A theoretical review

The mathematical coupling of various types of measurement errors to image artifacts in conventional computed tomography geometries is derived. Primarily treated are errors which occur at a fixed radius, simple harmonic error fluctuations, and random errors. The results can be used to establish a quantitative relationship between desired image quality and design tolerances on various components of the computed tomographyscanner.
Optimal Portfolios for Regular Investments

This study fills a gap in the time diversification literature by determining optimal allocations for regular monthly investments that minimize downside deviations below different real targets for various investment periods. The results show that the stock allocations of optimal portfolios increase with the target return as well as with the investment period. For a high target return over a long period, the optimal portfolio is entirely invested in stocks. However, unlike optimal portfolios for one-time investments, the stock allocations of optimal portfolios for regular investments over long periods consist mainly of large company stocks rather than small company stocks.
Ethnographic Discovery of Adverse Events in Patient Online Discussions: Customer Relationship Management

A healthcare provider can extend its customer relationship management program by sponsoring an online, patient discussion group. In those groups, patients may discuss adverse events that are inadequately addressed in the literature. The author, as a cancer patient, joined two online, patient discussion groups and identified four types of such adverse events. For each such adverse event, the patient findings, the medical literature, and the implications are noted. Extracts from the literature that were provided to the patients were welcomed by the patients. A literature review of one of the adverse events has been published in a medical journal. Factors are presented for healthcare providers to consider in deciding whether or not to sponsor an online, patient discussion group.
Life-threatening paraneoplastic cutaneous syndromes

Paraneoplastic syndromes are diseases or symptom complexes associated with malignancy, usually internal. In dermatology, we modify the definition to refer to dermatoses associated with internal malignancy. In this article, we discuss the link between malignancy and such dermatologic disorders as acanthosis nigricans, acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex, dermatomyositis, erythema gyratum repens, necrolytic migratory erythema (glucagonoma syndrome), and paraneoplastic pemphigus and discuss, where such information is known, the mechanism by which these paraneoplastic diseases occur.
Mom and Dad Come Out: The Process of Identifying as a Heterosexual Parent with a Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual Child

Currently, there is a dearth of literature regarding the experiences of heterosexual parents with lesbian, gay, or bisexual identified sons or daughters. This manuscript will explore the experiences of 13 parents in 9 separate families who have adult sons or daughters who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual. A qualitative study using grounded theory was conducted to investigate their experiences toward the “successful integration of their identity.” All parents in this study were defined as successful by their lesbian, gay, or bisexual identified child. Both the research results as well as the emergent model for parent success are presented in this article. Implications for clinical practice and future research are also discussed.
Heat-induced post-stress growth delay: a biological trait of many Metarhizium isolates reducing biocontrol efficacy?

Abstract The habitats of many pest insects have fluctuating climatic conditions. To function effectively, the pathogens of these pests must be capable of infecting and developing disease at a wide range of temperatures. The current study examines ten Metarhizium spp. isolates as to their ability to recover normal metabolic activity after exposure to high temperature for several hours daily; and whether such recovery, with at least some isolates, requires a temporary repair (“retooling”) period. Fungal colonies were exposed to 40 °C for 4 h or 8 h followed by 20 h or 16 h at 28 °C, respectively, for three consecutive days. Growth rates during treatments were compared to control plates (constant 28 °C) and to plates with growth stoppage by cold treatment (4 h or 8 h at 5 °C per day). All ten isolates survived 3 days of cycled heat treatment and resumed normal growth afterward; some isolates however, were considerably more negatively affected by heat-cycling than others. In fact, some isolates underwent greatly reduced growth not only during 8 h heating, but also some hours after cessation of heat treatment. This phenomenon is labeled in the current study as “post-stress growth delay” (PSGD). In contrast, all isolates stopped growing during 8 h cold treatments, but immediately recommenced growing on return to 28 °C. The delay in recommencing growth of some isolates after heat treatment amplifies the effect of this stress. In addition to the studies on the effects of heat cycling on fungal cultures, the effects of imposing such temperature cycling on fungal infection of insects was documented in the laboratory. Three Metarhizium isolates were bioassayed using Galleria mellonella larvae. Treated insects were placed at daily temperature regimes matching those used for the in vitro fungus rate-of-growth study, and insect mortality recorded daily. For all three isolates the levels of insect mortality at the highest-heat dose (40 °C at 8 h daily) significantly reduced infection. Fluctuating temperatures are likely to be a factor in most pest–insect habitats; therefore, the presence and level of PSGD of each isolate should be a primary consideration in selecting field-appropriate fungal isolates.
Reproduction in the Yellow-spotted night lizard, Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Squamata, Xantusiidae), from Costa Rica

Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Dumeril, 1851 is a secretive inhabitant of undisturbed moist and wet forests, typically found under fallen logs in the humid lowlands from Oaxaca and southern Veracruz, Mexico to central Panama (Savage 2002). Like other xantusiids L. flavimaculatum is viviparous (Goin et al. 1978). Telford and Campbell (1970) reported that L. flavimaculatum populations from central Panama were all-female, however, Bezy (1989) concluded that L. flavimaculatum populations from Honduras and northward included 41% (30/73) males and were probably bisexual. The purpose of this note is to add information on reproduction of L. flavimaculatum from a histological examination of gonadal material from museum specimens from five Provinces of Costa Rica. The first information on the testicular cycle is presented. Minimum sizes for reproduction of males and females are given.
Combining DI-ESI-MS and NMR datasets for metabolic profiling.

Metabolomics datasets are commonly acquired by either mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), despite their fundamental complementarity. In fact, combining MS and NMR datasets greatly improves the coverage of the metabolome and enhances the accuracy of metabolite identification, providing a detailed and high-throughput analysis of metabolic changes due to disease, drug treatment, or a variety of other environmental stimuli. Ideally, a single metabolomics sample would be simultaneously used for both MS and NMR analyses, minimizing the potential for variability between the two datasets. This necessitates the optimization of sample preparation, data collection and data handling protocols to effectively integrate direct-infusion MS data with one-dimensional (1D) 1H NMR spectra. To achieve this goal, we report for the first time the optimization of (i) metabolomics sample preparation for dual analysis by NMR and MS, (ii) high throughput, positive-ion direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI–MS) for the analysis of complex metabolite mixtures, and (iii) data handling protocols to simultaneously analyze DI-ESI–MS and 1D 1H NMR spectral data using multiblock bilinear factorizations, namely multiblock principal component analysis (MB-PCA) and multiblock partial least squares (MB-PLS). Finally, we demonstrate the combined use of backscaled loadings, accurate mass measurements and tandem MS experiments to identify metabolites significantly contributing to class separation in MB-PLS-DA scores. We show that integration of NMR and DI-ESI–MS datasets yields a substantial improvement in the analysis of metabolome alterations induced by neurotoxin treatment.
Modifying Pottery and Kivas at Chaco: Pentimento, Restoration, or Renewal?

Patterns of use of ceramic objects and masonry architecture at Chaco Canyon in the southwestern United States indicate refurbishing of some vessels and architectural forms. Ceramic cylinder jars show evidence for obliteration of earlier designs and subsequent repainting and refiring of new designs. Communal structures, or kivas, were dismantled and rebuilt. Three possible explanations for these patterned are explored: revision of errors, restoration of worn surfaces, or ritual renewal. Renewal appears the most likely explanation for most of the patterning seen, providing a fuller picture of Chacoan ritual life and beliefs. Implications for research in the Chaco area and greater Southwest are discussed.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF BOVINE MUSCLE: EFFECT OF HEATING ON ULTRASTRUCTURE

SEM was used to determine the effect of postmortem aging (unheated) and cooking (heated to internal temperatures of 60, 70 and 80°C by broiling) on the ultrastructural characteristics of bovine longissimus and psoas major muscles. Micrographs from postmortem aged (unheated) muscle clearly showed the fibrillar and connective tissue structures of muscle. Progressive changes with increased temperature were observed in endomisial sheath swelling, collagen fiber disintegration and myo-fibril fragmentation, coagulation and shrinkage. Specifically, after heating to 70°C, banding patterns and myofibril fragmentation at Z-disks were clearly evident. Degradation of collagen fibers in the perimysium was initiated at 70°C and intense disintegration was observed at 80°C. Changes observed in psoas major were different from those in the longissimus in that intact myofibrils and tubules were observed in both the heated and unheated samples. This may be due to the “loose” packing of myofibrils unique to psoas major muscle. Furthermore, less shrinkage and coagulation of myofilaments in the A band region and wider I band regions were noted. These observations of looser packing of myoflbrils, thinner myotibril threads and wider I band regions offer additional evidence as to why steaks from psoas major muscle are more tender than those from longissimus muscle.
Glucose transport in osteoblast-enriched bone explants: characterization and insulin regulation.

Insulin has potent effects on osteoblast function both in vivo and in vitro. In various insulin-sensitive tissues, stimulation of glucose transport and metabolism are hallmarks of insulin action, and have been postulated to play a role in insulin regulation of cellular function. However, insulin effects on glucose metabolism in osteoblast-like cells have not been demonstrated. Therefore we examined the in vitro effects of insulin on hexose uptake in an osteoblast-enriched rat bone explant preparation. Uniform 5-mm-diameter punch sections were obtained from the cartilage-free frontal portions of the calvaria of 3-day-old rats, and the periosteum was removed. The resulting sections contained a highly enriched population of osteoblast-like cells as determined by histologic criteria, elimination of calcitonin-stimulatable cAMP generation, and enhancement of PTH-stimulatable cAMP generation per microgram of DNA. Sections were incubated for 24 hr at 37°C in BGJb medium and then transferred to modified glucose-free Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake studies. 3H-2-DG uptake was linear with time over 60 min, temperature sensitive, and inhibited by 5 mA/phloridzin. Kinetic analysis of 2-DG uptake at 25°C demonstrated a saturable transport mechanism with a Km of 2.2 mM, similar to that observed for 2-DG transport in other tissues. Studies of competitive inhibition by other sugars demonstrated a transport specificity for 2-DG that was comparable to that previously observed in fat and muscle cells. 2-DG uptake was rapidly stimulated by insulin (0.5 nM-1 μM), with maximal insulin effect observed at 50 nM. Concanavalin A (10–50 μg/ml) produced a similar stimulation of 2-DG transport. Both basal and insulin-stimulated uptake were inhibited reversibly by cytochalasin B (50 μM). Insulin stimulation of 2-DG uptake was the result of increased transport Vmax, with Km remaining constant. These studies provide the first demonstration that the cell population of osteoblast-enriched bone explants possesses an insulin-stimulatable glucose transport system with characteristics similar to those found in other insuln-sensitive tissues.
Relationship of the Pulmonary Artery End-Diastolic Pressure to the Left Ventricular End-Diastolic and Mean Filling Pressures in Patients With and Without Left Ventricular Dysfunction

The relationship of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the pulmonary arterial "wedge" mean pressure (PAWMP) to the pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP) was investigated by cardiac catheterization in 71 subjects. Pressure records were obtained simultaneously or immediately consecutively. In 15 subjects with normal LV function (LVEDP, 4 to 12 mm Hg) PAEDP was within 3 mm Hg of LVEDP (r = 0.70, P < 0.01) and within 3 mm Hg of PAWMP (r = 0.69, P < 0.01) in every instance. In 56 patients with LV dysfunction (LVEDP, 12 to 55 mm Hg), PAEDP was lower than LVEDP in 42, equal to LVEDP in six, and higher than the LVEDP in eight, who were in atrial fibrillation or had increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). PAEDP correlated closely with PAWMP (r = 0.92, P < 0.001). In 30 patients with LV dysfunction in sinus rhythm, an a wave was identified in the PA pressure tracing (PA a) prior to systole which coincided in time and magnitude to the PAW a wave and was considered to represent r...
Late Paleozoic Glaciation: Part III, Antarctica

Like other Gondwanaland fragments, Antarctica was glaciated during the late Paleozoic, as demonstrated by striated floors and boulder pavements and by glacially striated clasts in diamictites and associated varvelike strata. Tillites are known throughout the Transantarctic Mountains from the vicinity of Ross Island to the Pensacola Mountains, as well as in the Ells-worth Mountains in West Antarctica. These strata apparently were laid down in three basins (Ellsworth-Pensacola basin, Horlick-Queen Maud basin, and Beard more basin). Ice flowed into the Ellsworth-Pensacola basin from a major center located in the region of the eastern Weddell Sea, possibly beginning in the early Carboniferous. The Thiel salient, separating the Ellsworth-Pensacola and Horlick-Queen Maud basins, yielded some debris northward into the former basin but served primarily as a major gathering ground for ice which flowed westward into the Horlick-Queen Maud basin. Similarly, the western Queen Maud Mountains, where tillites are thin or absent, was a local center for ice flowing eastward into the Horlick-Queen Maud basin and probably westward into the Beardmore basin, although the latter direction is not yet proven by striae patterns. A major center of ice accumulation also seems to have existed in northern Victoria Land, whence flow was toward the southeast. The Ellsworth-Pensacola basin was a continuously depressed Paleozoic downwarp of major proportions, whereas the Permian Horlick-Queen Maud and Beard-more basins were shallow depressions and possibly connected. The center of late Paleozoic glaciation may have migrated across Antarctica from the Wed-dell Sea region (early Carboniferous) to northern Victoria Land (Permian), judging from the meager paleontological data and stratigraphic considerations. This would be in keeping with the relative-motion curves of the paleomagnetic poles for the reconstructed Gondwana-land fragments of South America, Africa, and Antarctica, the late Paleozoic segments of which cross Antarctica from the Weddell Sea to Victoria land.
1242 INCREASED INSULIN IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS (IDM): EVIDENCE FOR FUNCTIONAL MATURATION RATHER THAN SIMPLE INCREASE IN ISLET NUMBER

We and others have demonstrated that cord C-peptide/glucose (C-P/G) is often ↑ in IDM. This ↑ static response to ambient glucose at birth could be due to (a) ↑ islet number with normal sluggish neonatal function/islet; (b) normal islet number with adult-like functional maturation islet; or (c) both. We assessed these possibilities by determining insulin secretion during i.v. glucose tolerance tests in 45 term, healthy, newborn IDM (Classes A-D). Absolute values for plasma C-peptide (C-P) and 2 min C-P increments above basal were used as indices of acute secretory response, i.e. “first phase stimulated insulin secretion” and integrated ↑ in C-P during 30 min following glucose as indices of “first plus second phase stimulated secretion”. Absolute 2 min C-P values and 2 min C-P increments above basal correlated with cord C-P/G (r= .672 and .693; p<.001). The 30 min integrated C-P ↑ also correlated with cord C-P/G (r = .683; p< .001). Moreover, the acute first phase and integrated first and second phases correlated with rates of glucose disappearance, Kt (r = .579 and .698, p< .001). The data provide the first demonstration that heightened insulin in relation to ambient glucose in newborn IDM reflects true functional maturation of exocytosis and that this adult-like responsiveness may determine the heightened glucose turnover in newborn IDM.
Response and stability of square tubes under bending

This paper addresses the response and stability of elastic-plastic steel tubes with square cross section under pure bending. An analytical model with sufficiently nonlinear kinematics to capture the development of ripples in the compression flange was developed. The results indicate that collapse of such tubes is imperfection sensitive for tubes with high height-to-thickness ratio (h/t), but the sensitivity decreases as h/t decreases. Experimentally, the tubes collapse due to a limit moment instability which is followed by the formation of a kink on the compression flange of the tubes. The limit moment and the development of the kink are captured well by the analytical model.
Imaging Systems In Radiation Oncology

Electronic methods of imaging cancer patients can be superior to conventional radiographs in accuracy and speed of handling. Diagnostic video images can be displayed simultaneously with simulated treatment images or with actual treatment images to facilitate comparison and increase accuracy. Live display of patients undergoing treatment can be accomplished by using a therapy beam fluoroscreen. By simultaneously presenting images of the original treatment setup along with the live display, duplication of the original setup can be verified. These images can be stored on disk for permanent record. They can be played back by the physician at his convenience in order to check daily patient setups. Gamma camera images can be used to localize brachytherapy implants.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Guilá Naquitz Revisited

In 1964, with Richard S. MacNeish’s Tehuacan project drawing to a close, Kent Flannery selected the Valley of Oaxaca, located 150 km to the south, as a promising region in which to continue the search for evidence of the developmental transition from foraging to farming in Mesoamerica. Over the next two years, more than 60 caves and rock shelters that might contain evidence of early plant domestication were located in initial surveys that focused on an area of the Oaxaca Valley northwest of Mitla (Figure 1). Six of these caves were situated along Guila Naquitz (“White Cliff”), which extends for more than 800 m along the northern edge of a small tributary canyon of the Rio Mitla. One of these caves, a small 8by-10-m opening at the base of the volcanic tuff canyon wall, was given the name Guila Naquitz, and, because of its apparent preceramic-period occupations and its promise of well-preserved plant remains, it was selected for full-scale investigation (Figure 2).
Improved intravaginal controlled-release prostaglandin E2 insert for cervical ripening at term

The purpose of this study was to determine if prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a controlled-release vaginal insert with retrieval system can produce cervical ripening at term. This was a multicenter, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 206 patients with 102 receiving active agent. A successful outcome was defined as a change in Bishop score of ⩽3, or a Bishop score of ⩽6 at 12 h or delivery within 12 h of the insert placement. Analysis was by Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon's two-sample rank-sum test, and Student's t-test where appropriate. One hundred ninety-three women completed the protocol. Initial Bishop scores were 2.6 ± 1.2 and 2.5 ± 1.4 in the PGE2 and placebo groups, respectively. The incidence of cesarean delivery was identical in the two groups. Uterine hyperstimulatton lasted 2–13 min in 5 PGE2 patients (4.9%) with 1 patient requiring tocolysis. More patients in the PGE2 group had a change in Bishop score of ⩽3 (62% vs. 40%; P = 0.002), a Bishop score ⩽6 after 12 h (46% vs. 34...
Gender differences in implicit self-esteem following a romantic partner's success or failure.

This research examined the influence of a romantic partner’s success or failure on one’s own implicit and explicit self-esteem. In Experiment 1, men had lower implicit self-esteem when their partner did well at a “social intelligence” task than when their partner did poorly. Women’s implicit self-esteem was unaffected by partner performance. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that Dutch men’s implicit self-esteem was negatively affected by their romantic partner’s success. In Experiment 4, we replicated Experiments 1–3 in both the academic and social domains, and in Experiment 5, we demonstrated that men’s implicit self-esteem is negatively influenced by thinking about a romantic partner’s success both when the success is relative and when it is not. In sum, men’s implicit self-esteem is lower when a partner succeeds than when a partner fails, whereas women’s implicit self-esteem is not. These gender differences have important implications for understanding social comparison in romantic relationships.
The Limitations of the Special Case

Dudley Seers wrote this in 1963, five years before he started as the first DirectorofIDS. The piece became one of the most cited of all his writings—and one of the most cited of all from IDS. It led to a conference in the United Kingdom on the teaching of development economics—and influenced much of the early work of IDS in research, teaching and consultancy. Although some parts are clearly dated, many of the criticisms have relevance today, even though the global economy has been changed by the growing influence of the emerging countries. But the economic and financial crisis of 2008–10 was not foreseen, nor the rapid recovery of Asia in contrast to the slow recovery of the United States and the even slower recovery of Europe. The whole piece remains a clear presentation of the structuralist approach to development, of which Dudley Seers, Hans Singer and Hollis Chenery of the World Bank were leading adherents.
Making a difference: Linking research and action in practice, pedagogy, and policy for social justice: Introduction:

The origins and chronology of linking research and action are complex and cannot be attributed to any single discipline or any part of the world. People within and outside academe have linked research and action. In this introductory article, we begin by briefly tracing the methodological background to linking research and action, focusing particularly on action research, participatory research, and feminist research in order to situate the research presented in this monograph issue of Current Sociology. We then provide an outline of the articles that showcase through specific case studies how sociologists link research and practice in diverse contexts including health, culture, education, labor, migration, violence against women, and polling. We end by commenting that linking research and action has important implications for knowledge creation, distribution, shifting power relations for achieving social change, and, ultimately, challenging social structures for social justice.
The effects of graded dosages of estrogen upon pituitary cytology and function.

Does estrogen stimulate or suppress the gonadotrophic activity of the pituitary gland? As early as 1930, Burch and Cunningham reported that injections of the estrus hormone (from human placenta) into castrated female rats produced an increase in the amount of gonad-stimulating hormone of the hypophysis as determined by implantation of this gland into immature female mice. However, Meyer, Leonard, Hisaw and Martin (1930, 1932), using more potent estrogenic preparations and longer periods of injection, demonstrated that estrin decreases the amount of gonad-stimulating complex in the hypophyses of castrated male and female rats when compared with castrated, uninjected animals. Wolfe (1931) suggested that a large amount of estrin may inhibit the production of the luteinizing hormone and that a small amount might stimulate its production. This concept was supported by Meyer, Biddulph and Finerty (1946) who found increased gonadotrophic content of the pituitary glands and increased percentage of acidophiles in ...
Globally optimal computable didstributed decision fusion

The problem of distributed decision fusion in parallel sensor configuration is considered. It is shown that the optimal combining scheme is the Neyman-Pearson test at the sensors and the decision fusion. Computationally efficient algorithms that allow the determination of near-to-optimal solutions are developed. The algorithms are shown to perform very close to the optimal solution in all the examined cases.