cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Extraction by Cotton Fertilized with Broiler Litter

Knowledge of the magnitude of P extracted and removed by harvested crop is an important component of effectively managing poultry litter to minimize or prevent the buildup of P in soil. This knowledge does not exist or is not well documented in cotton fertilized with litter as the primary fertilizer. The objective of this research was to quantify the magnitude of P extracted by cotton when fertilized with broiler litter and to determine whether supplementing litter with inorganic N improves P extraction. The research was conducted from 2002 to 2004 on two commercial farms representing a conventional-till at Cruger and a no-till at Coffeeville, MS, USA. At each location, the treatments consisted of an unfertilized control; a farm standard (STD) fertilized with inorganic fertilizers; and broiler litter of 2.2, 4.5, and 6.7 Mg ha -1 in an incomplete factorial combination with 0, 34, or 67 kg ha -1 N as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution. The unfertilized control extracted an average across years of 27.7 kg P ha -1 at Cruger and 26.0 kg P ha -1 1 at Coffeeville. Application of both litter and UAN-N decreased tissue P concentration but increased extracted amount of P because of increases in dry weight. The largest end-of-season P extraction in this research, which included 53.9 kg P ha -1 in 2004 at Cruger and 49.3 kg P ha -1 in 2002 at Coffeeville, was recorded for the treatment that received the largest litter rate of 6.7 Mg ha -1 supplemented with 34 or 67 kg ha -1 UAN-N. Applied P always exceeded extracted P in all 3 yr at both locations when the litter rate was 4.5 or 6.7 Mg ha -1 . Extracted P equaled or exceeded applied P when 2.2 Mg ha -1 lifter was applied. Increasing litter rate decreased phosphorus extraction efficiency (PEE) while supplemental UAN-N increased PEE. An average of 53% of the total P extracted was partitioned to seed with an additional 2.4% partitioned to lint for a total of 55% that would be removed with harvested crop. Nitrogen fertilization appeared to shift P partitioning from vegetative to reproductive parts. Supplementing litter with inorganic N may be an effective strategy not only in extracting additional P from soils but also in increasing the fraction partitioned to seed so that more P is removed from the field.
Body image and quality of life in post massive weight loss body contouring patients.

Objective: Because post-bariatric surgery patients undergo massive weight loss, the resulting skin excess can lead to both functional problems and profound dissatisfaction with appearance. Correcting skin excess could improve all these corollaries, including body image. Presently, few data are available documenting body image and weight-related quality of life in this population. Research Methods and Procedures: Eighteen patients who underwent both bariatric surgery and body contouring completed our study. Both established surveys and new surveys designed specifically for the study were used to assess body perception and ideals, quality of life, and mood. Patients were surveyed at the following time-points: pre-body contouring (after massive weight loss) and both 3 and 6 month post-body contouring. Statistical testing was performed using Student's t test and ANOVA. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46 ± 10 years (standard deviation). Quality of life improved after obesity surgery and was significantly enhanced after body contouring. Three months after body contouring, subjects ascribed thinner silhouettes to both current appearance and ideal body image. Body image also improved with body contouring surgery. Mood remained stable over 6 months. Discussion: Body contouring after surgical weight loss improved both quality-of-life measurements and body image. Initial body dissatisfaction did not correlate with mood. Body contouring improved body image but produced dissatisfaction with other parts of the body, suggesting that as patients become closer to their ideal, these ideals may shift. We further developed several new assessment methods that may prove useful in understanding these post-surgical weight loss patients.
Delayed photolysis of liposomes: a strategy for the precision timing of bolus drug release using ex-vivo photochemical sensitization

Chemotherapy is a standard treatment for metastatic cancer. However drug toxicity limits the dosage that can safely be used, thus reducing treatment efficacy. Drug carrier particles, like liposomes, can help reduce toxicity by shielding normal tissue from drug and selectively depositing drug in tumors. Over years of development, liposomes have been optimized to avoid uptake by the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) as well as effectively retain their drug content during circulation. As a result, liposomes release drug passively, by slow leakage, but this uncontrolled drug release can limit treatment efficacy as it can be difficult to achieve therapeutic concentrations of drug at tumor sites even with tumor-specific accumulation of the carriers. Lipid membranes can be photochemically lysed by both Type I (photosensitizer-substrate) and Type II (photosensitizer-oxygen) reactions. It has been demonstrated in red blood cells (RBCs) in vitro that these photolysis reactions can occur in two distinct steps: a light-initiated reaction followed by a thermally-initiated reaction. These separable activation steps allow for the delay of photohemolysis in a controlled manner using the irradiation energy, temperature and photosensitizer concentration. In this work we have translated this technique from RBCs to liposomal nanoparticles. To that end, we present in vitro data demonstrating this delayed bolus release from liposomes, as well as the ability to control the timing of this event. Further, we demonstrate for the first time the improved delivery of bioavailable cargo selectively to target sites in vivo.
Dasatinib restores full donor chimerism in a patient with imatinib-resistant Ph+ ALL relapsing after unrelated cord blood transplantation

The t(9;22) translocation, known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, represents the most adverse prognostic factor for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and, until recently, conventional ch...
A UNIQUE ALDEHYDE CHEMILUMINESCENCE INVOLVING PEROXIDE AND COPPER I IN ACIDIC DMSO

— Simple aliphatic aldehydes, when mixed with hydrogen peroxide in acidic, aprotic solvents containing copper I, chemiluminesce weakly. The reaction is very specific for copper I. Quantum yield determinations reveal a catalytic role for copper I and a 1:1 stoichiometry for aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Kinetics reveal that an aldehyde/peroxide adduct is the active compound and synthetic l-hydroxy octyl hydroperoxide is completely active in the reaction. Similarities in substrates. kinetics and insensitivity to extraneous substances suggest this reaction as a model for earthworm bioluminescence.
Final Expert Meeting Report: Simplified Space Conditioning Strategies for Energy Efficient Houses

More research is needed to evaluate the level of energy efficiency and the conditions where simplified space conditioning systems will work in new and retrofitted houses. Guidance is needed on the design and installation of these systems to support a wider adoption throughout the new construction and retrofit market. The purpose of this expert meeting was to recap the current state of knowledge in this area and to provide a peer review of IBACOS's research plan for new and existing unoccupied test houses with minimized space conditioning systems.
Serelaxin: a potential new drug for the treatment of acute heart failure

Introduction: The incidence and mortality related to acute heart failure (AHF) have increased in the recent decades despite clinical trials of multiple agents and considerable progress in cardiovascular disease overall. Areas covered: This article reviews serelaxin, a new investigational drug in the treatment of AHF. It provides the background of the available treatments and focuses on serelaxin mechanisms, pharmacology, clinical features and its potential role in AHF. Expert opinion: Recent clinical trials of serelaxin (Pre-RELAX-AHF; RELAX-AHF) have provided a new hope in AHF. They have demonstrated significant serelaxin-related improvement in heart failure symptoms, length of hospital stay as well as mortality reduction in AHF patients. These findings were in the context of early administration in the course of AHF presentation in patients with normal or high blood pressures, thus highlighting the drug’s strengths based on its molecular mechanisms of action. Overall, serelaxin is a promising therapy, a...
STRATEGIC INTERACTIONS IN A SUPPLY CHAIN GAME

The TAC 2003 supply-chain game presented automated trading agents with a challenging strategic problem. Embedded within a high-dimensional stochastic environment was a pivotal strategic decision about initial procurement of components. Early evidence suggested that the entrant field was headed toward a self-destructive, mutually unprofitable equilibrium. Our agent, Deep Maize, introduced a preemptive strategy designed to neutralize aggressive procurement, perturbing the field to a more profitable equilibrium; it worked. Not only did preemption improve Deep Maize's profitability, it improved profitability for the whole field. Whereas it is perhaps counterintuitive that action designed to prevent others from achieving their goals actually helps them, strategic analysis employing an empirical game-theoretic methodology verifies and provides insight about this outcome.
Transitions among disability levels or death in African American and white older women.

THE elimination of health disparities and the prevention of disability in later life are top public health priorities (1). However, African Americans older adults consistently exhibit higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability than White older adults (2,3). African American older adults also experience a higher incidence of mobility disability compared with their White counterparts (4–7). Mobility disability can subsequently lead to disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living (8–11), for which there are persistent or increasing gaps in the prevalence and incidence between African American and White older adults (12–15). Given that racial minorities are more likely to experience disadvantages early in life, there is reason to believe that African American older adults experience earlier decline in physical function compared with White older adults. As the older segment of the population is growing larger and becoming more diverse and with the magnitude of the observed race-related differences, it is important to enhance our understanding of race effects at earlier stages in the course of disability. This report adds to the extant body of literature that examines race differences in disability using data from a longitudinal study that is unique in its measurement of the early course of disability, such as preclinical disability, in older community-dwelling African American and White women. Though it is an area of growing interest, relatively few studies have measures of preclinical disability (8–11,15–18). Unlike previous studies that included measures of preclinical disability, we examined racial differences in the probabilities of transitioning across three disability levels of walking ½ mile and death in a community-dwelling population of older women. Specifically, we hypothesized that among initially high-functioning older women, older African American women experience more unfavorable transitions over the same observation period, compared with their White counterparts.
Weight Loss Alone Improves Conduit and Resistance Artery Endothelial Function in Young and Older Overweight/Obese Adults

Obesity is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by impaired endothelium-dependent dilation. Presently there is no direct evidence that energy intake–restricted weight loss alone improves conduit or resistance artery endothelium-dependent dilation, the mechanisms involved, or whether improvements differ with patient age. A total of 40 overweight or obese (body mass index: ≥25 2 ) nondiabetic men and women aged 21 to 69 years completed 12 weeks of reduced energy intake (n=26; 15 male) or attention control (n=14; 9 male) and 4 weeks of weight maintenance (randomized trial). Energy intake restriction reduced estimated total energy intake (33%), body weight (10.5%), total and abdominal body fat, plasma leptin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and improved several metabolic risk factors. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was increased by 30% (6.0±0.7% versus 7.9±0.7%Δ; P =0.01; n=17). Peak forearm blood flow during intrabrachial artery infusion of acetylcholine was increased by 26% (16.8±1.4 versus 21.1±1.9 mL/100 mL per minute; P r =−0.46; P N G -monomethyl-l-arginine. Improvements in endothelium-dependent dilation were not related to age: mean increases in subjects >50 years of age were similar to or greater than those
Optimization and scheduling for automotive powertrains

Addition of devices intended to improve performance, fuel economy, and emissions of automotive engines makes the tasks of finding optimal settings for the engine parameters and implement the optimal schedules in the engine control unit more difficult. We present an integrated approach intended to simplify these tasks. The components of the integrated process are: 1) engine parameter separation into constrained, dynamic, and instantaneous, 2) extremum seeking, and 3) inverse distance interpolation. The approach is illustrated on the problem of optimizing fuel consumption of a dual-independent variable cam timing engine.
Electronic Implementation for Semiactive Attitude Control System

On August 9, 1969, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched a little publicized but successful control system, utilizing the second stage of the Delta booster used to inject the Orbiting Solar Observatory into orbit. This experiment demonstrated the feasibility of a new low-cost attitude control system with potential for making platforms for earth-oriented experiments out of otherwise expended boosters such as the OSO-Delta. Utilizing the gravity gradient torque available from the long thin booster, the Delta packaged attitude control (PAC) system is a semiactive three-axis system that utilizes no expendables. The system is based on the use of a gimbaled reaction wheel scanner loosely coupled to its mounting by a soft spring and a damper. The control system uses only one motor which provides gyroscopic action, provides a reaction torque by accelerating in response to a pitch error, and rotates the optics in an infrared optical system whose cone scanning action locates the earth's horizons. The motor's magnetic pickoffs furnish speed information and vertical reference data. The electronics, tailored to enable the motor to achieve its objectives, is based on hardware developed for the Nimbus D attitude control system which was launched in April, 1970.
Developmental Distribution of the Plasma Membrane-Enriched Proteome in the Maize Primary Root Growth Zone

Within the growth zone of the maize primary root, there are well-defined patterns of spatial and temporal organization of cell division and elongation. However, the processes underlying this organization remain poorly understood. To gain additional insights into the differences amongst the defined regions, we performed a proteomic analysis focusing on fractions enriched for plasma membrane (PM) proteins. The PM is the interface between the plant cell and the apoplast and/or extracellular space. As such, it is a key structure involved in the exchange of nutrients and other molecules as well as in the integration of signals that regulate growth and development. Despite the important functions of PM-localized proteins in mediating these processes, a full understanding of dynamic changes in PM proteomes is often impeded by low relative concentrations relative to total proteins. Using a relatively simple strategy of treating microsomal fractions with Brij-58 detergent to enrich for PM proteins, we compared the developmental distribution of proteins within the root growth zone which revealed a number of previously known as well as novel proteins with interesting patterns of abundance. For instance, the quantitative proteomic analysis detected a gradient of PM aquaporin proteins similar to that previously reported using immunoblot analyses, confirming the veracity of this strategy. Cellulose synthases increased in abundance with increasing distance from the root apex, consistent with expected locations of cell wall deposition. The similar distribution pattern for Brittle-stalk-2-like protein 3 implicate that this protein may also have cell wall related functions. These results show that the simplified PM enrichment method previously demonstrated in Arabidopsis can be successfully applied to completely unrelated plant tissues and provide insights into differences in the PM proteome throughout growth and development zones of the maize primary root.
The johnson translation system in monte carlo studies

Multivariate lognormal and sinh-1-normal random vectors, members of the Johnson family, can be generated by direct transformation of multinormal random vectors. Formulae for specifying the parameters of the multinomial distribution in terms of the first and second order moments of the desired multivariate lognormal or sinh-1-normal distribution are given. These results facilitate the use of these distributions in Monte Carlo studies. In some previous studies employing these distributions, the effect of non-normality was confounded with that of unequal covariance structure.
Transmission line approach to quantifying the resonance and transparency properties of electrically small layered plasmonic nanoparticles

The scattering and transparency properties of layered plasmonic nanoparticles are studied from the perspective of spherical transmission line theory. The advantage of this approach is that the interaction of the nanoparticle with its surroundings can be very conveniently represented as a combination of admittances. In this framework we reformulate the total impedance expression of a spherical nanoparticle, and from this we derive through a compact and intuitive methodology the two conditions that govern the resonance and transparency states of a nanoparticle. These conditions are satisfied when the particle’s input admittance becomes inductive and capacitive, respectively. The recursive relations that determine the TM admittance of an electrically small, radially inhomogeneous dielectric sphere are analyzed, and it is demonstrated that any degree of layering can be homogenized by a decomposition into successive binary mixtures. The appropriate material choice results in mixtures that exhibit multiple Lorentzian resonances that are directly mapped to the particle’s admittance, due to its small electrical size. Consequently, the particle’s admittance exhibits multiple inductive-to-capacitive switchings, and thus the resonance and transparency conditions are satisfied at multiple frequencies. This explains the well-known feature of multiple resonance–transparency pairs observed in the scattering signature of layered plasmonic nanoparticles.
Fluid head-source reduction process technology

The fluid head is an exciting new technology developed at IBM Endicott. It is based on the fluid bearing principle, where small volumes of high speed fluid, hold and support and process a panel. This process is confined very close to the product and is able to deliver controlled amounts of fluids resulting in: less water usage; emission reduction; better chemical containment; reduced atomization; less hazardous waste; and less energy consumption. In this paper, comparisons of equipment utilizing the fluid head in rinsing, and drying devices are compared with conventional dip and spray processes. Parameters of ionic contamination, debris removal, electrical usage, as well as water usage and reduction in floor space are compared. >
Spark-Ignition-Engine Idle Speed Control: An Adaptive Control Approach

The paper presents an application of a recently developed adaptive posicast controller (APC) for time-delay systems to the idle speed control (ISC) problem in spark ignition (SI) internal combustion (IC) engines. The objective is to regulate the engine speed to a prescribed set-point in the presence of accessory load torque disturbances such as those due to air conditioning and power steering. The adaptive controller, integrated with the existing proportional spark controller, is used to drive the electronic throttle actuator. We present both simulation and experimental results demonstrating the performance improvement by employing the adaptive controller. We also present the modifications and improvements to the controller structure which were developed during the course of experimentation to solve specific problems. In addition, the potential for the reduction in calibration time and effort which can be achieved with our approach is discussed.
Pathway of n-Alkane Oxidation in Cladosporium resinae

Pathways of initial oxidation of n-alkanes were examined in two strains of Cladosporium resinae. Cells grow on dodecane and hexadecane and their primary alcohol and monoic acid derivatives. The homologous aldehydes do not support growth but are oxidized by intact cells and by cell-free preparations. Hexane and its derivatives support little or no growth, but cell extracts oxidize hexane, hexanol, and hexanal. Alkane oxidation by extracts is stimulated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate). Alcohol and aldehyde oxidation are stimulated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), and reduced coenzymes accumulate in the presence of cyanide or azide. Extracts supplied with 14C-hexadecane convert it to the alcohol, aldehyde, and acid. Therefore, the major pathway for initial oxidation of n-alkanes is via the primary alcohol, aldehyde, and monoic acid, and the system can act on short-, intermediate-, and long-chain substrates. Thus, filamentous fungi appear to oxidize n-alkanes by pathways similar to those used by bacteria and yeasts.
Influenza Virus Genetics, Viral Adaptation, and Evolution

Influenza virus genetics comprises the genetics of a highly mutable RNA virus and the unusual genetics of a segmented-genome virus capable of genetic interaction with homologous strains. Genetic reassortment occurs in nature and has been used in the laboratory in the fabrication of vaccine and reagent viruses with desirable characteristics.
Questions of Citizenship: Oregonian Reactions to Japanese Immigrants' Quest for Naturalization Rights in the United States, 1894-1952

i Acknowledgments iv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: From Early Japanese Immigration to the Passage of the California Alien Land Act (1880s-1913) 16 Chapter 3: Oregonian Support for Naturalization and Appeals to Federalism (1913-1924) 38 Chapter 4: The Postwar Movement to Change Racial Requirements for Naturalization (1945-1952) 64 Chapter 5: Effects of the McCarran-Walter Act in Oregon (1952) 87 Chapter 6: Conclusion 92 Bibliography 96 Newspaper articles 100
Health and academic success: A look at the challenges of first-generation community college students.

AbstractBackground:Community colleges in the United States serve more than six million students and are the gateway to postsecondary education for individuals from typically underserved populations such as low-income, ethnic minorities, and first-generation college students. First-generation college
Thermodynamik und Struktur von Ni1−xTe*

DurchEMK-Messungen und Rontgenbeugungsaufnahmen wurden die thermodynamischen und strukturellen Eigenschaften von Ni1−xTe untersucht. Die Phase Ni1−xTe reicht von NiTe (x=0) mit dem Strukturtype des NiAs bis zu Ni0,5Te mit dem Strukturtyp des CdJ2. Das Phasenfeld zwischen den beiden Verbindungen ist homogen und zeigt umx=0,25 einen Ubergang zweiter Ordnung. Bei dieser Zusammensetzung andert sich der Anstieg der Kurve Ni-Aktivitat gegen Zusammensetzung. Auch der Gitterparameterc0 andert sich drastisch, und Beugungslinien der geordneten CdJ2-Struktur beginnen aufzutreten. Die Intensitat der Beugungslinien andert sich von der NiAs-Struktur bis zur CdJ2-Struktur gleichmasig. Istx 0,4 mit denen der CdJ2-Struktur. Aus den Aktivitatsmessungen wurde die Fehlstellenwechselwirkungsenergie berechnet. In dem Strukturtyp NiAs ist die Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen zwei Leerstellen gleich Null. Die Leerstellen stosen einander also weder ab noch ziehen sie einander an, sie sind also statistisch verteilt. Im Bereich der CdJ2-Struktur ist die Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen zwei Leerstellen positiv, und zwarE11=26,5 kcal/Mol. Die Leerstellen stosen einander ab, und dac0/2 kleiner ist alsa0, trachten die Leerstellen, benachbarte Schichten zu vermeiden, und bilden so die CdJ2-Struktur.
THE OCCURRENCE OF PYROGLOBULINS IN UNSUSPECTED MYELOMA.

Myeloma is a neoplastic disorder in which the formation of several abnormal proteins is well known. Among these, the heat-labile globulins are encountered least frequently; they are often discovered while the serum is being prepared for some laboratory procedure unrelated to protein analysis.' 2i 6 Within 4 months of each other, 2 patients with anemia were admitted to our hospital. The attending physicians ordered blood for transfusion in each instance. Pretransfusion samples of recipient blood were inactivated at 56 C. before using the patient's serum to "prove" the blood group. After incubation, each specimen was noted to have a heavy white precipitate. This suggested the presence of pyroglobulins, and studies were made immediately, in order to determine the cause. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma, previously unsuspected by the attending physician in each case, was made by means of examination of the marrow.
Standing By, Ready to Serve : The Case for Forensic Nurses in Uniform

The purpose of this article was to give a brief synopsis of the background and history of forensic nursing and how it can be translated into a military application. The unique setting of military health care and equally distinctive stressors placed upon members of the military calls for greater commitment by the Department of Defense to meet those needs with trained professionals who can offer holistic and appropriate care, both at home and abroad.
Resisting Erasure and Developing Networks of Solidarity: "Testimonios" of Two Puerto Rican Scholars in the Academy.

ABSTRACTIn this article, we share findings from a critical qualitative study aimed at better understanding the ways that language, history, and geography mediate our work and identities as educational researchers. As scholars whose particular sociocultural and political histories are often absent in scholarly discussions about language and education, we use the intergenerational sharing of testimonios as both methodology and narrative development to gain a deeper understanding of experiences involving the learning and use of English that influence our academic careers. We theorize our experiences as resisting erasure and contribute to Latina epistemology scholarship and critical educational research about Puerto Ricans in the United States. Moreover, we forward the concept of funds of knowledge as a professional practice. Telling our stories and developing mentoring networks is necessary for our individual and collective functioning and well-being as scholars; it cultivates solidarity as a means of thrivi...
Response of deformation patterns to reorganization of the southern San Andreas fault system since ca. 1.5 Ma

Abstract Between ~ 1.5 and 1.1 Ma, the southern San Andreas fault system underwent a major reorganization that included initiation of the San Jacinto fault zone and termination of slip on the extensional West Salton detachment fault. The southern San Andreas fault itself has also evolved since this time, with several shifts in activity among fault strands within San Gorgonio Pass. We use three-dimensional mechanical Boundary Element Method models to investigate the impact of these changes to the fault network on deformation patterns. A series of snapshot models of the succession of active fault geometries explore the role of fault interaction and tectonic loading in abandonment of the West Salton detachment fault, initiation of the San Jacinto fault zone, and shifts in activity of the San Andreas fault. Interpreted changes to uplift patterns are well matched by model results. These results support the idea that initiation and growth of the San Jacinto fault zone led to increased uplift rates in the San Gabriel Mountains and decreased uplift rates in the San Bernardino Mountains. Comparison of model results for vertical-axis rotation to data from paleomagnetic studies reveals a good match to local rotation patterns in the Mecca Hills and Borrego Badlands. We explore the mechanical efficiency at each step in the modeled fault evolution, and find an overall trend toward increased efficiency through time. Strain energy density patterns are used to identify regions of incipient faulting, and support the notion of north-to-south propagation of the San Jacinto fault during its initiation.
Ctp1-dependent clipping and resection of DNA double-strand breaks by Mre11 endonuclease complex are not genetically separable

Homologous recombination (HR) repair of programmed meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) requires endonucleolytic clipping of Rec12(Spo11)-oligonucleotides from 5' DNA ends followed by resection to generate invasive 3' single-stranded DNA tails. The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) endonuclease and Ctp1 (CtIP and Sae2 ortholog) are required for both activities in fission yeast but whether they are genetically separable is controversial. Here, we investigate the mitotic DSB repair properties of Ctp1 C-terminal domain (ctp1-CD) mutants that were reported to be specifically clipping deficient. These mutants are sensitive to many clastogens, including those that create DSBs devoid of covalently bound proteins. These sensitivities are suppressed by genetically eliminating Ku nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) protein, indicating that Ctp1-dependent clipping by MRN is required for Ku removal from DNA ends. However, this rescue requires Exo1 resection activity, implying that Ctp1-dependent resection by MRN is defective in ctp1-CD mutants. The ctp1-CD mutants tolerate one but not multiple broken replication forks, and they are highly reliant on the Chk1-mediated cell cycle checkpoint arrest, indicating that HR repair is inefficient. We conclude that the C-terminal domain of Ctp1 is required for both efficient clipping and resection of DSBs by MRN and these activities are mechanistically similar.
Evaluation of a wetland classification system devised for management in a region with a high cover of peatlands: an example from the Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska

Several wetland classification schemes are now commonly used to describe wetlands in the contiguous United States to meet local, regional, and national regulatory requirements. However, these established systems have proven to be insufficient to meet the needs of land managers in Alaska. The wetlands of this northern region are predominantly peatlands, which are not adequately treated by the nationally-used systems, which have few, if any, peatland classes. A new system was therefore devised to classify wetlands in the rapidly urbanizing Cook Inlet Basin of southcentral Alaska, USA. The Cook Inlet Classification (CIC) is based on seven geomorphic and six hydrologic components that incorporate the environmental gradients responsible for the primary sources of variation in peatland ecosystems. The geomorphic and hydrologic components have the added advantage of being detectable on remote sensing imagery, which facilitates regional mapping across large tracts of inaccessible terrain. Three different quantitative measures were used to evaluate the robustness and performance of the CIC classes relative to that of other commonly used systems in the contiguous United States. The high within-group similarity of the classes identified by the CIC was clearly superior to that of the other systems, demonstrating the need for improved wetland classification systems specifically devised for regions with a high cover of peatlands.
The SAMHD1 dNTP Triphosphohydrolase Is Controlled by a Redox Switch

Abstract Aims: Proliferative signaling involves reversible posttranslational oxidation of proteins. However, relatively few molecular targets of these modifications have been identified. We investigate the role of protein oxidation in regulation of SAMHD1 catalysis. Results: Here we report that SAMHD1 is a major target for redox regulation of nucleotide metabolism and cell cycle control. SAMHD1 is a triphosphate hydrolase, whose function involves regulation of deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools. We demonstrate that the redox state of SAMHD1 regulates its catalytic activity. We have identified three cysteine residues that constitute an intrachain disulfide bond “redox switch” that reversibly inhibits protein tetramerization and catalysis. We show that proliferative signals lead to SAMHD1 oxidation in cells and oxidized SAMHD1 is localized outside of the nucleus. Innovation and Conclusions: SAMHD1 catalytic activity is reversibly regulated by protein oxidation. These data identify a previously unknown mecha...
Pistil–Pollen Interactions in Lilium

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pistil–pollen interactions in Lilium . In pistils possessing a canal, the cells lining the canal have been referred to most frequently as epidermal or stigmatoid cells. The cells of the stigma surface and the cells that line the canal are secretory. The cells that line the canal display much greater structural complexity than the cells of the stigma surface. Pollen tubes show a positive directional growth response to tissues of the pistil. The role of growth hormones in pistil–pollen interactions related to fruit ripening is well known. Ethylene stimulates the growth of pollen tubes (species not mentioned) albeit at higher optimal concentrations than have been reported for other tissues. Ethylene is reported to be released from flowers, particularly from stigmas and styles, following their treatment with growth regulators.
Robotic Ventral Hernia Repair

Technologic advances in surgery are often received with equal parts enthusiasm and skepticism. Perhaps no such advancement has created as much heated debate as the introduction of the robotic platform in general surgery. The limited clinical benefit and greater expense of robotic surgery for surgeons already adept in minimally invasive techniques draws the ire of many, while the promise of increased instrument dexterity, enhanced visualization, and ergonomic advantages continue to attract new users. Robotic hernia repair has recently experienced exponential growth nationally despite the ongoing debate. The majority of robotic ventral hernia repairs (rVHR) being performed are essentially duplicating a standard laparoscopic repair, with some variations in defect closure and mesh fixation. Our group has developed a technique to duplicate an open retromuscular hernia repair as described by Rives and Stoppa robotically, fully utilizing the capabilities of the robotic platform to perform a procedure otherwise not possible with a standard laparoscopic approach. This chapter will review the currently available literature on early applications of robotics in ventral hernia repair, and focus primarily on advanced robotic abdominal wall reconstruction using the robotic retromuscular technique.
High-Performance Human Resource Practices and Team Job Satisfaction: Moderating Role of Team Citizenship Behaviors

Strategic human resource management literature has highlighted the role of high performance work systems as a set of workplace practices that enhance employee productivity and organizational performance. While the high performance literature has been around for over two decades now, research in this area has been staggered, and inconclusive about the organizational variables that comprise high performance work practices, as well as the effects of these practices on organizational outcomes - especially attitudinal employee outcomes such as job satisfaction and commitment. By creating an environment of empowerment and teamwork, high performance work practices motivate employees to perform better. One of the ways in which these workplace practices achieve higher performance is by eliciting discretionary, or extra-role behaviors, from employees. Using foundational research from the high performance paradigm, this paper examines the effects of team-level strategic HR practices on job satisfaction. Analyses of data collected from 138 frontline teams in US Midwestern hospitals, show that while self-managed work teams and team communication result in higher job satisfaction for members, this effect is mitigated when team members display organizational citizenship behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed.
Applying a Genetic Algorithm to Reconfigurable Hardware

This paper investigates the feasibility of applying genetic algorithms to solve optimization problems that are implemented entirely in reconfgurable hardware. The paper highlights the pe$ormance/design space trade-offs that must be understood to effectively implement a standard genetic algorithm within a modem Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA, reconfgurable hardware environment and presents a case-study where this stochastic search technique is applied to standard test-case problems taken from the technical literature. In this research, the targeted FPGA-based platform and high-level design environment was the Starbridge Hypercomputing platform, which incorporates multiple Xilinx Virtex II FPGAs, and the Viva TM graphical hardware description language.
Commentary by William M. Dugger

Kenneth Nowotny has written a thoughtful overview of the economics of public utility regulation in the United States. His overview shows considerable insight into the major trends and the technical nuances of public utility regulation theory. He treats the different strands of thought even-handedly, describing developments in both the reactionary “Chicago School” and in the liberal circles of “Nader’s Raiders.” Although he emphasizes developments since 1950, his overview goes back to the 1920s. Pricing issues are explained carefully. He includes discussions of marginal cost pricing, peak-load pricing, and Ramsey pricing. (Ramsey pricing charges customers according to their demand elasticities in order to garner enough revenue to cover production costs.) He also discusses the characteristics of public utility companies and of public utility regulation. He emphasizes economic theory more than administrative practice or regulatory law. He includes a helpful bibliography.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Pediatric Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

To date, the population pharmacokinetics (popPK) of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), a CD33-directed antibody–drug conjugate consisting of hP67.6 antibody linked to N-acetyl gamma calicheamicin used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), has not been characterized in pediatric patients. This report describes the popPK of GO following intravenous administration in 29 pediatric patients aged ≤ 17 years with relapsed or refractory AML who were enrolled in the 0903A1-102-US phase I/II study. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of GO, as represented by total hP67.6 antibody, were described by a two-compartment model with two clearance components: a linear clearance (CL1) and time-dependent clearance that includes a decay coefficient. The PK of unconjugated calicheamicin (UC; payload) were described by a two-compartment model with CL1 and an input rate of formation based on antibody rate of elimination. Allometric scaling was included in both models, with baseline body weight as a fixed effect on CL1 and central volume. PK parameters for hP67.6 and UC were not significantly affected by any of the available demographic factors and safety laboratory values tested as covariates (except baseline body weight). Simulations to compare GO dosing regimens (6, 7.5, and 9 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 versus, 3 mg/m2 fractionated dosing on days 1, 4, and 7) were performed, showing that total antibody and UC trough concentrations were maintained at higher concentrations during treatment following the more frequent dosing than following the original regimen. 0903A1-102-US.
Abstract A88: Age differences in demographic predictors of head and neck cancer survival

Background: The United States population is aging, and cancer is the second most common cause of death in the elderly. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) incidence is increasing and contributes 2.2% of all cancer mortality. HNSCC research often excludes elderly patients due to disqualifying comorbidities, similar to many cancer sites. These patients also may not receive adequate therapy due to age despite evidence of equal survival after controlling for comorbidities. Beyond oncologic variables, demographic factors have been shown to impact HNSCC survival, including age, socioeconomic status, race, sex, poverty, insurance, and marriage. Whether these associations are maintained in elderly patients is unknown. This study aims to compare demographic predictors of HNSCC survival between age cohorts. Methods: Adult patients with squamous cell carcinoma of mucosal head and neck sites were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result database from 2004 to 2013. Patients were excluded with previous malignancies or missing data for follow-up, marital status, and surgical treatment. Demographic and tumor data were collected, including site, stage, treatment, age, race, sex, insurance, and median county-level income. Patients were divided into three age cohorts: younger (18-49 years), middle (50-74 years), and older (>75 years). Cohorts were compared with two-tailed chi-squared and ANOVA tests as appropriate with p Results: The study cohort consisted of 69,098 patients with a majority white (75.4%), male (76.7%), married (55.2%), and insured (56.3%). The median age at diagnosis was 61.7 years with 14.3% below 50 years and 15.3% 75 years or above. Compared to the young and middle-aged cohorts, the older cohort was significantly more often female (35% vs 25.1 and 20.4%), white (78.7% vs 69.4 and 75.9%), and insured (63.5% vs 46.5% and 56.8%), but received adequate treatment less often (72.0% vs 86.3% and 82.7%) (p Conclusion: A substantial proportion of HNSCC patients are elderly. These patients are less often treated with adequate curative therapy and differ demographically from their younger peers. Uniquely in the older HNSCC patients, female sex is a risk factor for cancer mortality, while the impact of race and marital status was reduced compared to the younger cohorts. While future research investigates the mechanisms by which demographics affect survival, the differences between age cohorts must be considered. Citation Format: Sean T. Massa, Lauren Cass, Sai Challapalli, Zisansha Zahirsha, Matt Simpson, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Gregory Ward. Age differences in demographic predictors of head and neck cancer survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A88.
SCALABLE: Self-Calibrated Adaptive LIDAR Aperture Beamsteering Light Engine

We present a SCALABLE (Self-Calibrated Adaptive Lidar Aperture Beamsteering Light Engine) multibeam transmitting and receiving aperture for rapid 2-D beamsteering from an array of Si-photonic tiles and perform computational interferometric image synthesis within each beam.
Digital Platforms as a Method of Invention for Infection Surveillance.

Abstract Background: The history of large-scale technological advances, such as the digital revolution in our era, suggests that core technologies yield wide benefits by serving as a method of inve...
A diet-dependent enzyme from the human gut microbiome promotes Th17 cell accumulation and colitis

Abstract Aberrant activation of Th17 cells by the gut microbiota contributes to autoimmunity; however, the mechanisms responsible and their diet-dependence remain unclear. Here, we show that the autoimmune disease-associated gut Actinobacterium Eggerthella lenta increases intestinal Th17 cells and worsens colitis in a Rorc-dependent and strain-variable manner. A single genomic locus predicted Th17 accumulation. A gene within this locus, encoding the Cgr2 enzyme, was sufficient to increase Th17 cells. Levels of cgr2 were increased in stool from patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to healthy controls. Dietary arginine blocked E. lenta-induced Th17 cells and colitis. These results expand the mechanisms through which bacteria shape mucosal immunity and demonstrate the feasibility of dissecting the complex interactions between diet, the gut microbiota, and autoimmune disease. One Sentence Summary An autoimmune disease-associated bacterium triggers disease due to a diet-dependent enzyme that regulates mucosal immunity.
Experimental Validation of the Navy Air-Sea-Wave Coupled Forecasting Models

Abstract : The long-term goal is to contribute to validation and increased performance of the Navy air-sea-wave coupled forecasting models and air-sea interaction processes. On the basis of data collected during the DYNAMO project including SeaGlider, R/V Revelle and R/V Mirai flux data and CTD/turbulence measurements contribute to better understanding of oceanic processes responsible for initiation and propagation of Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the Indian Ocean, contribute to validation and increased performance of the Navy air-sea-wave coupled forecasting models, develop and validate a simplified Skin, Warm and Mixed Layer (SWaM) parameterization of the oceanic upper level. On the basis of the Sea Glider observations provide validation data against coupled COAMPS forecasts.
Magnification Spot Radiographs Improve Assessment for Inferior Vena Cava Filter Fractures prior to Removal Compared to CT.

Abstract Purpose To determine if magnification spot radiographs acquired before attempting inferior vena cava (IVC) filter removal have value in the assessment for filter fractures. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of complex IVC filter removals performed at a tertiary referral center from October 2015 to May 2017 was performed. Magnification spot radiographs (frontal and at least 2 oblique views) were obtained with the fluoroscopic unit in the procedure suite prior to venous access for filter removal. Patients were included in the study if a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen/pelvis before filter removal was available. Ninety-six patients (47 women and 49 men) were included. Most removed filters were the Recovery/G2/G2X/Eclipse/Meridian (n = 28), the Gunther Tulip (n = 26), and the Celect/Celect Platinum (n = 22). Blinded review of the pre-procedural CT scans and spot radiographs for the presence of filter fractures was performed by 2 interventional radiologists. Accuracy of each modality was assessed using the status of the explanted filter as the gold standard. Agreement between the 2 readers was assessed with the kappa statistic. Results Fractures were present in 27 explanted filters (28%). Accuracy of CT was 88% and 68% for readers 1 and 2, respectively, which increased to 98% and 97% with magnification spot radiographs. The kappa statistic was 0.12 for CT and 0.97 for spot radiographs. Conclusions Magnification spot radiographs acquired before attempting IVC filter removal improve detection of filter fractures and agreement among interventional radiologists. Therefore, these should be performed routinely to allow for optimal treatment planning.