cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Gram-Negative Sepsis in Lethal Toxicity Induced by Mycoplasma

The role of gram-negative bacteria in lethal toxicity induced by mycoplasmas in mice was examined. Attempts to isolate significant numbers of walled bacterial forms from the blood and peritoneal cavity of mice given injections of > 1010 cfu of Mycoplasma fermentans, strain K10, failed. The limulus amebocyte lysatecoagulation test also failed to detect a positive endotoxemia, although some nonspecific reactions or false-positive results were noted when concentrated suspensions of Mycoplasma were tested. M. fermentans, strain K10, was capable of inducing the signs and histopathology normally associated with lethal toxicity in germ-free mice. These data support the conclusion that lethal toxicity in mice includes some of the same biological responses seen in endotoxic shock, but the condition is actually a distinct experimental disease caused by infection with Mycoplasma.
Radiometric Transfer: Example-based Radiometric Linearization of Photographs

We present an example-based approach for radiometrically linearizing photographs that takes as input a radiometrically linear exemplar image and a target regular uncalibrated image of the same scene, possibly from a different viewpoint and/or under different lighting. The output of our method is a radiometrically linearized version of the target image. Modeling the change in appearance of a small image patch seen from a different viewpoint and/or under different lighting as a linear 1D subspace, allows us to recast radiometric transfer in a form similar to classic radiometric calibration from exposure stacks. The resulting radiometric transfer method is lightweight and easy to implement. We demonstrate the accuracy and validity of our method on a variety of scenes.
A Survey of Teachers' Read-Aloud Practices in Middle Schools.

Abstract Two university researchers conducted a survey of middle school teachers’ read‐aloud practices at a large state conference for middle level educators. Results of this survey provide a beginning step toward evaluating the ways in which middle school teachers use read‐alouds in the classroom. This paper shares the results of the survey and offers insight into the extent and nature of teacher read‐aloud practices in middle grades.
Evaluating the stage of change model to a cervical cancer screening intervention among Ohio Appalachian women

ABSTRACTCervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are disproportionally high among women living in Appalachia Ohio. This study used the Transtheoretical Model to examine screening barriers before and after a lay health advisor (LHA) intervention (2005–2009) to increase cervical cancer screening rates. Ohio Appalachian women (n = 90) who were in need of a Pap test, based on risk-appropriate guidelines, were randomized to a 10-month LHA intervention and received two in-person visits, two phone calls, and four mailed postcards targeted to the participant’s stage of change. Findings revealed that 63% had forward stage movement 10 months after the intervention. The most frequently reported screening barriers were time constraints, forgetting to make an appointment, and cost. Women who reported the following barriers—doctor not recommending the test; being unable to afford the test; and being embarrassed, nervous, or afraid of getting a Pap test—were less likely to be in the action stage. Understanding the ...
Social Working Memory Training Improves Perspective-Taking Accuracy

Despite the importance of perspective taking for navigating the social world, even healthy adults frequently misinterpret what other people think and feel. Yet, to date, no research examines whether perspective-taking accuracy can be improved among healthy adult samples. Building off of work suggesting that social working memory (SWM) capacity (i.e., the ability to maintain and manipulate social cognitive information in mind) predicts perspective-taking skills, we developed a novel SWM training intervention to test the hypothesis that SWM training improves perspective-taking accuracy. Participants were randomly assigned to complete 12 days of either SWM training or nonsocial, ‘‘cognitive working memory’’ (CWM) training (active control condition). Perspective-taking accuracy was assessed pre- and posttraining. SWM training significantly increased perspective-taking accuracy and these improvements significantly surpassed improvements made by participants who underwent CWM training. SWM training therefore may be an efficient route toward improved perspective-taking accuracy.
Technology Spillover and Entrepreneurial Behavior

In an entrepreneurial economy the fact that entrepreneurship is risky adds two important nuances to the question of optimal investment. First, the paper argues that ex-ante decision making requires ex-ante evaluation. Second, by definition of an entrepreneur, the new idea and risk assessment is in the mind of an individual and not yet in the knowledge stock of the economy. Evaluation should proceed from the information set of the entrepreneur. Using a general equilibrium framework, we find that the ability to specialize and trade in markets, even if competitive, has at least two positive incentives that can dominate the disincentive of not capturing the full external benefit of a new technology: (1) specialization and trade frees production time so innovators have more time to invest and (2) markets provide a way to share the risk of failure with trading counter-parties.
Tardive dyskinesia caused by tetrabenazine.

Objective Although tetrabenazine is widely used as an effective treatment for chorea and other hyperkinetic movement disorders, it has been associated with rare instances of parkinsonism and acute dystonic reactions. There have been no prior reports of tardive dyskinesia with this drug. Methods Case report. Results Generalized choreiform dyskinesia developed after 10 months of conventional-dosage tetrabenazine treatment, persisting for several weeks after the drug was discontinued. Conclusions As might be anticipated from its pharmacological profile, tetrabenazine has the potential to cause tardive dyskinesia. Such an occurrence may be difficult to detect in a clinical population already affected with involuntary movements.
Developer Discourse: Exploring Technical Communication Practices within Video Game Development

ABSTRACTThis study examines the discourse style of managers, developers, engineers, and artists working for an independent game development studio. Fourteen employees were interviewed, and then the results were coded and analyzed using an exploratory, single-case case study methodology. The authors argue that the texts, tactics, and technologies used by these professionals reveal insights into the practical, outcome-oriented dimensions of technical communication within the games industry as well as deeper cultural characteristics of this community.
Imposing Curvature on a Polyarene by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation Reactions: A Simple Synthesis of Dibenzo[a,g]corannulene

Palladium catalysis has been found to offer an effective solution-phase alternative to gas-phase flash vacuum pyrolysis as a method for converting the planar ring system of 7,10-di(2-bromophenyl)fluoranthene (4) to that of the C28H14 bowl-shaped fullerene fragment dibenzo[a,g]corannulene (5).
Ion channel therapy of ischemic heart disease

Basic studies have shown a variety of ion channels are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease, including L type Ca(2+) channel, T type Ca(2+) channel, ATP-sensitive potassium channel, If (funny) channel and late Na(+) channel. Clinical studies showed that the regulation of these channels function can improve myocardial blood supply and metabolism of myocardium. What is summarized below relates to the clinical usefulness of various ion channel antagonists reviewed by a clinical cardiologist, not a basic scientist working on ion channel biology.
War Crimes and Just War: The Principle of Discrimination or Distinction

The principle of discrimination (or distinction, as it is sometimes called in legal circles) requires that soldiers treat civilians differently from fellow soldiers, generally not attacking the former except in extreme situations. The Geneva Conventions call for a clear separation of people into two camps: those who are protected from assault, including army medical personnel, injured soldiers, prisoners of war, and civilians on the one hand, and soldiers actively engaged in hostilities on the other hand. Since the Middle Ages, it has been common to differentiate these people into two large groups, although there has not been wide agreement about which of the following groups were the most salient: civilians versus soldiers; noncombatants versus combatants; or the innocent versus the non-innocent (the guilty). In this chapter, I will argue that the principle of discrimination or distinction is most plausibly defended as an extension of the principle of humane treatment, and only on that basis is it to be seen as providing a nonutilitarian basis for deciding how to act during war. As I explained in Chapter 5, the principle of discrimination is often defended as itself a basis for rough-grained treatment, where there is an absolute ban on certain forms of violence against civilians, noncombatants, or the innocent, but where these forms of violence can appropriately be used against soldiers, combatants, or the non-innocent (guilty).
Delineating the Convergence of Biogeochemical Factors Responsible for Arsenic Release to Groundwater in South and Southeast Asia

Abstract Arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid common throughout the Earth's crust, accounts for the most widespread poisoning of a human population in history. Within the major deltas of South and Southeast (S/SE) Asia, rivers annually deposit As-bearing iron oxides, oxyhydroxides, and hydroxides (collectively referred to as Fe oxides hereafter) derived from the Himalaya. The high primary productivity and monsoonal flooding in the tropical deltas promote microbially driven As release to groundwater through dissimilatory As(V)/Fe(III) reduction. Groundwater is a primary source of drinking and irrigation water in the region, especially within rural areas. Prolonged consumption of As-contaminated groundwater can lead to a multitude of serious health complications, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Here we define the parameters controlling the locations of active microbially driven As release to groundwater, including suboxic/anoxic conditions, microbial communities capable of mediating As(V)/Fe(III) reduction, the reactivity of As-bearing Fe oxides, and the sources and reactivity of organic carbon (C). Conditions for microbially driven As release are optimized where the reactivity of both As-bearing Fe oxides and organic C is greatest. Optimal conditions for As release are found in near-surface sediments of the Red River, under permanent wetlands of the Mekong River, and at depth (∼20 m) in the Yangtze River Basin, whereas findings are variable within the Bengal Basin. Land and water management changes resulting in increased flood duration in deltaic environments may result in new locations of active microbial As release to groundwater.
Language planning and policy in Nepal

The paper is an historical account of language planning and policy in Nepal, from the period of the first unification of Nepal in the 1700's up until the present day, with comments on possible future trends. Emphasis is placed on the period after 1951, when the Rana regime was first replaced by democratic experimentation and later by monarchal rule. The language policy of this post-1951 period is illustrated in the paper by co-ordinating government reports on the education system and development projects, newspaper articles, et cetera to the contemporary history of changes in government, of political party stands, and of Nepal's foreign policies. The author analyzes and comments on this co-ordination, demonstrating how language planning and policy formation is dependent on other political policies and events of the time. The two language policy controversies used as main examples in the paper are the Nepali-Hindi controversy, and to a lesser extent, the Nepali-Newari controversy. Explanations for the dominant role of these two controversies in an underdeveloped country with over forty languages are given.
Treatment of Acute Intoxication

My interest in detoxification began after my high school prom. Seriously, it began as a medical student when Dr. Theodore Koppanyi, who was then Professor of Pharmacology at Georgetown, carried out a very interesting but rather basic experiment, and that is, he took a group of dogs, poisoned them with barbital and phenobarbital in an amount that killed all of them and then took another group of dogs and gave then the same doses, and infused very, very rapidly a huge amount of saline into the dogs to dilute their circulating plasma concentration, and some of these dogs lived and did not go into congestive heart failure, but more importantly, they woke up. Immediately, this suggested to many of us that there was, at least in the case of these particular drugs, a relationship which we have subsequently defined, and which I think is a very important concept: i.e. — there are a group of drugs and substances which have a time-dose cycotoxic relationship, that is, there is a relationship between the exposure of the cells to a critical concentration of the molecule, and to a period of time, and that removal or lowering of the dose by any technique, whether it be drug removal, dilution, or what have you, can lessen the clinical toxicity of that particular compound.
Structured estimation of time-varying narrowband wireless communication channels

In this paper, the estimation of a narrowband time-varying channel under the practical assumptions of finite block length and finite transmission bandwidth is investigated. It is shown that the signal after passing through a time-varying narrowband channel, under these assumptions, reveals a particular low-rank structure. The rank in this structure is governed by the number of dominant paths in the channel. Moreover, it is shown that this low-rank structure can be represented as a summation of few rank-one atoms (matrix) that are fully described by the channel and leakage key parameters. To estimated the channel, a novel approach based on minimization of atomic norm using measurements of signal at time domain is proposed. Numerical results show that the performance of proposed algorithm is independent of the leakage effect and the new method can achieve significant gains over previously proposed methods.
The determination of penicillins and chlortetracycline in premixes and mixed feeds

The feeding of streptomycin during nutritional studies with chicks by Moore et al. (1946) showed a reduction in coliforms in the feces. These workers could not account for the increased growth of the chicks. Newell et al. (1947), who conducted a study of the nutritional value of dried penicillium mycellium, observed excellent growth of chicks and attributed it to the protein and vitamin content of the feed ration. Harned and coworkers (1948) reported an increased growth rate of chicks fed chlortetracycline. Coates et al. (1952 and 1953), Hill et al. (1953), Lillie et al. (1953), and Waibel et al. (1954) concluded that the function of the antibiotic was not the direct stimulation of growth but rather the minimizing of various factors which suppress growth.
New thermal management approach for transistor-level 3-D integtration

Among various 3-D integration approaches for beyond 2-D CMOS logic, transistor based 3-D integrations such as monolithic 3-D [1], Skybridge [2], vertical Si nanowire CMOS [3], and vertical FET based integrated circuit [4] holds most promise. However, such integration approaches face thermal management challenges, since stacked transistors are detached from the substrate (i.e., heat sink). Traditional system level approaches such as liquid cooling [5], heat spreader [6], etc. are inadequate for transistor level 3-D integration and have huge cost overhead [7]. In this paper, we propose generic physical level heat management features transistor level 3-D integration and show their application through detailed thermal modeling and simulations. These features include a thermal junction and heat conducting pillar. The heat junction is a specialized junction to extract heat from a selected region in 3-D; it allows heat conduction without interference with the electrical activities of the circuit. In conjunction with the junction, our proposed thermal pillars enable heat dissipation through the substrate; these pillars are analogous to TSVs/Vias, but carry only heat. These structures are generic and can be applied to any transistor level 3-D integration approaches. Extending our previous work on Skybridge [8], we perform 3-D finite element based analysis to capture both static and transient thermal behaviors of 3-D circuits, and show the effectiveness of heat management features. Our simulation results show that proposed heat extraction feature is very effective in heat management, reducing temperature from heated area by up to 53%.
Statement of Commissioner Gail Heriot in the Report of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights on the Multiethnic Placement Act: Minorities in Foster Care and Adoption

In July of 2010, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights issued a report entitled The Multiethnic Placement Act: Minorities in Foster Care and Adoption. This individual statement by Commissioner Gail Heriot was part of that report. It discusses the enforcement difficulties with the Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 and how they led to the stronger provisions of the Inter-Ethnic Placement Provisions of the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996.
Uso potencial de microalgas para mitigar los efectos de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono

Una de las alternativas para controlar o reducir las emisiones de CO2 a la atmosfera es emplear el cultivo de microalgas. Este trabajo presenta una revision de resultados del uso de microalgas; ademas, describe las caracteristicas de las especies y otros factores que pueden influir en el proceso. Finalmente, se realiza una comparacion con los resultados obtenidos con especies mayores y con otras tecnicas como la adsorcion. El objetivo de esta revision es resaltar el uso potencial de las microalgas para reducir las emisiones de CO2. Se encontro que si se controlan adecuadamente factores como la concentracion inicial del gas, la iluminacion y la temperatura, el uso de las microalgas es altamente efectivo para capturar y remover el CO2.
A meta-synthesis of women's experiences of cesarean birth.

Purpose The cesarean birth rate has increased dramatically over the past 10 years. With such a large number of women having a cesarean birth, it is important to understand the woman's experience of a cesarean birth and postoperative recovery. A meta-synthesis was conducted to allow for a deeper interpretation of prior qualitative research findings and thus produce a more comprehensive understanding of women's emotional and physical needs when having a cesarean birth. Method Qualitative studies that were published between 2000 and 2010 and were about women's experiences with cesarean births were eligible. A meta-synthesis of 10 qualitative studies was conducted. The studies created a combined sample of 3,721 nulliparous and multiparous women, 16 to 43 years of age. Results The following six overarching themes emerged: scared to death, in your hands, out of control, broken body and soul, empty heart and arms, and shattered dreams. Clinical implications It is important for healthcare professionals to realize women experience similar physical and emotional difficulties irrespective of whether the cesarean was emergent or planned. The overarching themes of (a) in your hands and (b) scared to death reveal the importance of assessing the woman's level of knowledge about cesarean birth throughout the pregnancy so misconceptions can be rectified and correct information can be provided. Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the differences in perspectives about the care provided.
Comparative gene expression related to the uptake of PET radiotracers in prostate cancer cell lines

1144 Objectives FDG PET can be limited in the evaluation of prostate cancer. Several other PET tracers show promise. Using whole genome microarray profile of cell lines, we compared the expression of messages related to the key pathways linked to radiotracer uptake and retention to inform selection and development of prostate cancer imaging radiotracers. Methods Total RNA from PC3, DU145, LnCaP prostate cancer cell lines and duplicated immortal prostate cell line were extracted. Affy U133 plus 2.0 genomic chips (47,000 transcripts) were used in this study and the raw data were normalized and then analyzed with Robust Multichip Average (RMA) and Spotfire software. Results The rank of folate hydrolase expression from high to low expression as compared to normal prostate cell line was LnCaP (13909.6%), DU145 (107.9%), and PC3 (90.6%). PC3 presented minimally higher HK1 (129.4%) and PKM2 (104.5%) expression and DU145 showed higher PKM2 (166.7%) as compared to normal. The ranks of thymidine kinase (TK1) and choline kinase (CHKA) from high to low expression as compared to normal prostate cell line were PC3 (1104.7%), DU145 (934.4%), and LnCaP (727.7%) in TK1 and PC3 (383.9%), LnCaP (223.9%), and DU145 (160.7%) in CHKA. Only LnCaP (146.3%) presents slightly higher expression in acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS). Conclusions All of three prostate metastatic cell lines in this study presented with moderate to marked overexpression of TK1 and moderate overexpresion of CHKA, which suggested that FLT and Choline may use for detection of hematogeneous and lymphogeneous metastases. LNCaP presented with marked overexpression of FOLH1, but was not overexpressed in two non nodal lines. Glycolysis and acetate metabolism pathways were not impressively elevated in this study except mild to moderate overexpression of PKM2 in PC3 and DU145 and AACS in LNCaP
Dynamical Calculations on Transport Processes

Measurements of relaxation processes can be conveniently classified as either frequency-resolved or time-resolved. The frequency-resolved measurements are generally expressible in terms of the Fourier transform of the time-correlation function (TCF) of a characteristic dynamical variable.1 Thermal transport coefficients are given as the zero-frequency Fourier component of the appropriate TCF.
The Development of Behavior in Normal and Brain-Damaged Infant Rats, Studied with Homing (Nest-Seeking) as Motivation

The behavioral, especially learning, capabilities of normal and treated preweaning rats has received only limited experimental attention due mainly to the shortage of testing procedures that can be profitably administered to them. In addition to their limited sensory and motor capacities, serious difficulties arise when motivational conditions appropriate for adults are applied to nursling rats. What is needed in this field of investigation is reward and punishment situations which are relevant to the needs of infants. In altricial species an obvious such situation is the disturbance of filial-maternal interrelationship. A drastic example of this is the removal of the infant from the nest or home cage where it is provided by the mother with food, shelter and the various other necessities of survival. Perhaps another, related situation is the removal of a pup from its siblings who contribute to the comforts that the growing infant needs and seeks.
Asymmetric Complementarity and Dynamic Optimization in Pharmaceuticals

Manohar Rao had varied interests in applied and theoretical econometrics, including chaos theory, optimization, complementarities between freight and passenger traffic to name a few. This paper which also deals with complementarity is in honor of his memory. In popular press as well as academic literature, costly prescriptions are often blamed on monopolistic mergers and diversion of funds from R&D to advertising. We evaluate these allegations by estimating a variable elasticity of substitution (EoS) production function for pharmaceuticals. Our S = f(K,L,A,R) relates sales (S) to four inputs: capital (K), labor (L), promotion and advertising (A), and R&D expenditures (R). We discuss solutions to data problems due to distinct time lags for A and R and due to missing price and physical quantity data. Our estimates of the scale elasticity (ScE) suggest economies of scale (ScE >1) and perhaps help justify some recent pharmaceutical mergers and acquisitions. We study alleged diversion of funds away from R&D by formulating it as a test of complementarity between two inputs A and R, extending Vinod and Rao’s (2000) model by incorporating f(.) explicitly. If pharmaceuticals can substitute R by A, but not vice versa, we show that definitionally symmetric EoS is not suitable. Hence, we propose a new nonsymmetric measure based on correlations between input levels of one input and marginal productivity of another input. Thus, we argue that symmetry can and should be tested rather than assumed.
An Experimental Investigation of a Wing-Fuselage Junction Model in the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel

Current turbulence models, such as those employed in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes CFD, are unable to reliably predict the onset and extent of the three-dimensional separated flow that typically occurs in wing-fuselage junctions. To critically assess, as well as to improve upon, existing turbulence models, experimental validation-quality flow-field data in the junction region is needed. In this report, we present an overview of experimental measurements on a wing-fuselage junction model that addresses this need. The experimental measurements were performed in the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. The model was a full-span wing-fuselage body that was configured with truncated DLR-F6 wings, both with and without leading-edge extensions at the wing root. The model was tested at a fixed chord Reynolds number of 2.4 million, and angles-of-attack ranging from -10 degrees to +10 degrees were considered. Flow-field measurements were performed with a pair of miniature laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) probes that were housed inside the model and attached to three-axis traverse systems. One LDV probe was used to measure the separated flow field in the trailing-edge junction region. The other LDV probe was alternately used to measure the flow field in the leading-edge region of the wing and to measure the incoming fuselage boundary layer well upstream of the leading edge. Both LDV probes provided measurements from which all three mean velocity components, all six independent components of the Reynolds-stress tensor, and all ten independent components of the velocity triple products were calculated. In addition to the flow-field measurements, static and dynamic pressures were measured at selected locations on the wings and fuselage of the model, infrared imaging was used to characterize boundary-layer transition, oil-flow visualization was used to visualize the separated flow in the leading- and trailing-edge regions of the wing, and unsteady shear stress was measured at limited locations using capacitive shear-stress sensors. Sample results from the measurement techniques employed during the test are presented and discussed.
Gender, Neuroscience, and Voice Training: Teaching and Learning Tips

As a teacher, I continually ask myself how I can improve the instruction I provide, especially when teaching a class that is not my specialty such as voice. My teaching style is one of facilitating...
Internalized Stigma in Patients with Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders

The aim of the current study is to evaluate internalized stigma in individuals diagnosed with an eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder (EGID) and its impact on psychosocial and health-related outcomes. The final study sample consisted of 149 patients with a self-reported EGID diagnosis for at least 6 months. Participants completed measures evaluating internalized stigma, disease-specific quality of life, emotional distress (anxiety, depression) and answered questions regarding healthcare utilization. Overall, increased internalized stigma was associated with decreased disease-specific quality of life, and increased anxiety and depression. In addition, participants with greater overall internalized stigma felt that treatments were less effective, and the internalized stigma subscales of alienation and discrimination were associated with increased outpatient visits and endoscopies, respectively. Providers working with EGID patients should assess for signs of internalized stigma, such as social withdrawal and alienation. Psychogastroenterology services that deliver evidence-based psychological interventions may reduce some of the negative impacts of internalized stigma.
Trends in spinal deformity surgery in Marfan syndrome.

Abstract STUDY DESIGN Analysis of a national database. OBJECTIVE To analyze trends in fusion surgery for spinal deformity in Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients, compare patients with and without Marfan, and evaluate differences in surgical approaches. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA National trends of fusion surgery for spinal deformities in MFS patients are not known. Given the rarity of MFS and the nuanced differences in the spinal deformity it causes, it is important to explore differences in fusion surgery between spinal deformity patients with and without MFS. METHODS We identified 314 patients (1,410 weighted) with a diagnosis of MFS and spinal deformity who underwent spinal fusion between the years 2003 and 2014. Our primary outcome was national trends in the use of posterior (PSF), anterior-posterior (APSF), and anterior (ASF) spinal fusions. We also compared perioperative complications, mortality rate, length of stay, and hospital charges in a propensity score matched sample of spinal fusion patients with and without a diagnosis of MFS. RESULTS The proportion of PSF surgeries increased significantly (p CONCLUSIONS Our study provides findings from the largest sample analyzed to date and is the only thus far that investigates national trends. Our results are largely consistent with those of other works in that MFS patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery have higher neurologic complications. We also report that surgical treatment has shifted toward a posterior approach. Our findings can give surgeons a better understanding of the postoperative complications and changing national trends in spinal fusion surgery for patients with MFS.
Turning Barbour’s Model Inside Out: On Using Popular Culture to Teach About Science and Religion

Although Ian Barbour’s model for outlining the science-religion relationship is probably the best known taxonomy, it also faces substantial criticism. I offer a qualified defence of the continuing usefulness of Barbour’s taxonomy as a starting point for exploring the science-religion relationship. To achieve this, I outline a method for illustrating Barbour’s taxonomy by using the recent Disney/Pixar film Inside Out in a reciprocal manner: as an upshot, the message of the movie can be employed for modifying some aspects of the taxonomy.
Omics Integration for Mitochondria Systems Biology

Significance: Elucidation of the central importance of mitophagy in homeostasis of cells and organisms emphasizes that mitochondrial functions extend far beyond short-term needs for energy production. In mitochondria systems biology, the mitochondrial genome, proteome, and metabolome operate as a functional network in coordination of cell activities. Organization occurs through subnetworks that are interconnected by membrane potential, transport activities, allosteric and cooperative interactions, redox signaling mechanisms, rheostatic control by post-translational modifications, and metal ion homeostasis. These subnetworks enable use of varied energy precursors, defense against environmental stressors, and macromolecular rewiring to titrate energy production, biosynthesis, and detoxification according to cell-specific needs. Rewiring mechanisms, termed mitochondrial reprogramming, enhance fitness to respond to metabolic resources and challenges from the environment. Maladaptive responses can cause cell death. Maladaptive rewiring can cause disease. In cancer, adaptive rewiring can interfere with effective treatment. Recent Advances: Many recent advances have been facilitated by the development of new omics tools, which create opportunities to use data-driven analysis of omics data to address these complex adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of mitochondrial reprogramming in human disease. Critical Issues: Application of omics integration to model systems reveals a critical role for metal ion homeostasis broadly impacting mitochondrial reprogramming. Importantly, data show that trans-omics associations are more robust and biologically relevant than single omics associations. Future Directions: Application of omics integration to mitophagy research creates new opportunities to link the complex, interactive functions of mitochondrial form and function in mitochondria systems biology.
Trauma-Informed Care in Pediatrics: A Developmental Perspective in Twelve Cases with Narratives.

Introduction The dose-response relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with chronic morbidities is recognized as prevalent. However, screening for ACEs and implementing trauma-informed care (TIC) have yet to become a standard of care in pediatrics. Objectives To document impactful developmental experiences of implementing TIC and universal screening of ACEs in the pediatric setting, elucidate the relationship between ACEs and their common presentation of developmental and behavioral health problems in pediatric patients, and propose feasible system changes to promote evidence-based professional expertise. Methods During pediatric residency training, I implemented routine universal screening of pediatric patients using ACE questionnaires. Research-based trauma-informed practices, such as patient-centered communication regarding adverse health outcomes associated with prevalent ACEs, were used. Clinical vignettes describe 12 cases. Results Most patients and their families were receptive to counsel on recognizing, preventing, and mitigating the effects of toxic stress resulting from ACEs. Behavior in a patient, and sometimes a parent, was addressed from a developmentally sensitive lens of TIC, and appropriate therapeutic interventions were discussed. Addressing ACEs opened crucial conversations with some patients, which promoted efficacious, developmentally sensitive care. Discussion Implementing TIC in the pediatric setting, especially in training, is not only feasible but also vital to adequately understand the patient population. Equipped with clinical knowledge and experience in addressing ACEs, practitioners will more readily empower patients and their families to improve health outcomes. Conclusion When pediatric practitioners discover, intervene, and address the adverse effects of ACEs, their care becomes more efficacious and evidence based.
Posture-Dependent Neuromuscular Contributions to Three-Dimensional Isometric Shoulder Torque Generation.

The execution of activities of daily living requires the generation of three-dimensional shoulder torques through the coordinated activations of 20 shoulder muscles. Changes in shoulder posture can influence the contributions of individual shoulder muscles to shoulder torque generation, but it is unclear how the coordinated activity of shoulder muscles changes with shoulder plane of elevation and elevation angle. The purpose of this study was to characterize how neuromuscular coordination underlying three-dimensional shoulder function varies with arm posture. Muscle activations were obtained using surface electromyography from 16 shoulder muscles, as 12 healthy participants repeated eight three-dimensional isometric shoulder torques in 20 arm postures. Nonnegative matrix factorization revealed the muscle synergies underlying shoulder torque generation across each of the experimental postures, while the normalized similarity index assessed changes in overall synergy structure and linear mixed-effects models assessed changes in the weighted contributions of individual muscles to each synergy. Our analysis revealed that three distinct muscle synergies underlie healthy three-dimensional shoulder function. The overall structure of these synergies remained more similar than is expected by chance, despite changes in shoulder posture. However, the weighted contributions of five muscles composing the first synergy were influenced by changes in shoulder plane of elevation angle, and six muscles composing the second synergy were influenced by elevation angle. The weighted contributions of individual muscles composing the third synergy were unaffected by posture. These findings suggest that the neuromuscular control plan for healthy shoulder function consists of three distinct synergies, whose overall structure is fixed across shoulder posture.NEW AND NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to identify the muscle synergies underlying three-dimensional isometric shoulder torque generation. Although the overall structure of these synergies was unaffected by arm posture, the weighted contributions of several muscles composing two synergy patterns changed as a function of the elevation or plane of elevation of the shoulder. Our findings provide valuable insight for the development of targeted interventions for the restoration of shoulder function after neuromuscular or orthopedic pathologies.
Access to Alternatives: Increasing Rooftop Solar Adoption With Online Platforms

Residential solar installation prices, which are set on a case-by-case basis, remain both relatively high and variable despite significant declines in solar panel manufacturing costs. In this paper, I estimate a structural model of the solar installation market to quantify market power and to evaluate the welfare effects of connecting buyers and sellers through an online platform. I find that the platform yields a $1,451 increase in consumer surplus by increasing the number of installation bids each household receives. Households with higher energy consumption attract relatively more bids and reap the largest benefits from the platform. Counterfactual simulations yield two main results: 1) an increase from one to five bids per project causes a 15.5% ($4,000) reduction in gross installation prices and a 33% increase in the number of solar installations, and 2) the solar Investment Tax Credit—which is scheduled to be eliminated in 2022—improves total welfare by mitigating market power in addition to reducing pollution externalities from electricity generation.
Enjoying the sweet moments: Does approach motivation upwardly enhance reactivity to positive interpersonal processes?

In intimate relationships, greater social approach motivation is associated with a host of personal and relational benefits. Why is this the case? Although previous research suggests approach motivation primarily influences relational outcomes via increased exposure to positive relational events, in this research, based on approach-avoidance motivational theory, we revive the upward reactivity hypothesis, which suggests approach motivation upwardly enhances people's affective and relational experiences in response to positive social events. Specifically, we hypothesized that people with greater social approach motivation would react more positively to positively valenced interactions with their partner, and that this would occur even when accounting for their global levels of key outcomes. We tested these ideas across three studies. In all three studies, couples first reported their approach motivation toward the relationship, then engaged in a gratitude interaction. In Study 3, participants additionally engaged in a capitalization interaction, and provided nightly reports of positive relational events across the course of 14 days. We found robust support for the upward reactivity hypothesis: In lab-based interactions and in daily life, individuals with greater approach motivation reported enhanced outcomes in response to positive social events. We also found support for upward observability: When individuals were high in approach motivation, their partners observed them as experiencing greater positive emotion during the laboratory interactions. Moreover, we found evidence for upward crossover, as the upward reactivity experienced by people with greater approach motivation indirectly predicted enhanced partner outcomes. These results provide suggestive evidence that approach motivation can make already good relational moments extra sweet. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Genomic Prediction for Twin Pregnancies.

Twinning is a multifactorial trait influenced by both genetic and environmental factors that can negatively impact animal welfare and economic sustainability on commercial dairy operations. To date, using genetic selection as a tool for reducing twinning rates on commercial dairies has been proposed, but not yet implemented. In response to this market need, Zoetis (Kalamazoo, MI, USA) has developed a genomic prediction for twin pregnancies, and included it in a comprehensive multitrait selection index. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe a genetic evaluation for twinning in Holstein cattle, (2) demonstrate the efficacy of the predictions, (3) propose strategies to reduce twin pregnancies using this information. Data were retrieved from commercial dairies and provided directly by producers upon obtaining their permission. The twin pregnancies trait (TWIN) was defined as a pregnancy resulting in birth or abortion of twin calves, classified as a binary (0,1) event, and analysed using a threshold animal model. Predictions for a subset of cows were compared to their on-farm twin records. The heritability for twin pregnancies was 0.088, and genomic predicted transmitting abilities ((g)PTAs) ranged from −7.45–20.79. Genetic correlations between TWIN and other traits were low, meaning that improvement for TWIN will not negatively impact improvement for other traits. TWIN was effectively demonstrated to identify cows most and least likely to experience a twin pregnancy in a given lactation, regardless of reproductive protocol used. Effective inclusion of the prediction in a multitrait selection index offers producers a comprehensive tool to inform selection and management decisions. When combined with sound management practices, this presents a compelling opportunity for dairy producers to proactively reduce the incidence of twin pregnancies on commercial dairy operations.
Monitoring Structural Breaks in Dynamic Regression Models with Bayesian Sequential Probability Test

Structural breaks are pervasive among macroeconomic and financial time series; consequently, forecasts may lose accuracy out of sample, which renders monitoring structural breaks a critical practice. We develop a structural break monitoring scheme, Bayesian Sequential Probability Test (BSPT), for dynamic regression models, which consists of two components: probabilistic detecting statistics, and a sequential stopping procedure. We demonstrate the finite sample property and effectiveness of the BSPT by comparing its performance with that of CUSUM under a variety of DGPs and in a few economic applications.
The Octagonal PETs

A polytope exchange transformation is a (discontinuous) map from a polytope to itself that is a translation wherever it is defined. The 1-dimensional examples, interval exchange transformations, have been studied fruitfully for many years and have deep connections to other areas of mathematics, such as Teichmuller theory. This book introduces a general method for constructing polytope exchange transformations in higher dimensions and then studies the simplest example of the construction in detail. The simplest case is a 1-parameter family of polygon exchange transformations that turns out to be closely related to outer billiards on semi-regular octagons. The 1-parameter family admits a complete renormalization scheme, and this structure allows for a fairly complete analysis both of the system and of outer billiards on semi-regular octagons. The material in this book was discovered through computer experimentation. On the other hand, the proofs are traditional, except for a few rigorous computer-assisted calculations.
Lepidopteran Survey of Grand Teton National Park

Lepidopterans play an integral role in high altitude ecosystems of the Rocky Mountain region as larval herbivores and, more importantly as pollinating adults. Lepidopterans also constitute a major food source for many other invertebrates and vertebrates inhabiting these areas. However, very little is known about the lepidopteran fauna of Wyoming, particularly the Heterocera(moths), and especially in the National Parks. It has therefore been impossible to accurately assess the degree to which lepidopterans affect the ecosystems.
Use of a computerized risk-appraisal instrument for cancer prevention education of medical students.

Abstract Background. Interactive computer‐based tools are increasingly used for patient and medical student instruction. Method. To assess medical students’ responses to a computer‐based risk‐appraisal instrument aimed at teaching concepts of risk and cancer prevention, and to evaluate perceived barriers to using such tools in clinical practice and knowledge about risk factors for colon cancer. Design. An electronic survey of 133 second‐year medical students elicited their responses to the instrument after using it for a case‐based learning exercise. Results. The students identified several potential barriers to use, including inadequate time during the office visit (75% of students) and problems with literacy (48%). They were generally knowledgeable about risk factors for colon cancer. 84% found the instrument “very helpful” or “somewhat helpful” in understanding a case patient's health and setting priorities for behavioral changes. Conclusions. Medical students may benefit from exposure to interactive, ...
When the Demons Speak! A Response to Roger A. Sneed’s Representations of Homosexuality

This article is a responsive critique of Roger Sneed’s groundbreaking Representations of Homosexuality. The article argues that the major contribution of Sneed’s work is that it points to epistemological problems related to religion, theology, and homosexuality that Black theologians and religious critics of various sorts effectively evade. Such critics and interpreters traffic in the unexamined assumption that Christianity affirms homosexuality and that reconstructions or revisions in current religious and theological thinking will lead to an embrace of queers. This article is a constructive, critical re-reading of Sneed’s important work.