cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin on plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized and anestrous ewes.

Two experiments were conducted in ovariectomized and anestrous ewes to examine for effects of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-FIT) on basal concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PrI) and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced release of LH. In Experiment 1, ovariectomized ewes, during the breeding and anestrous seasons, were infused for 6 h intravenously with DA (0.66, 6.6 or 66 pg/kg per mm), NE or 5-HT (each at doses of 0.06, 0.66 or 6.6 pg/kg per mm). Effects of the biogenic amines on tonic concentrations and GnRH-induced release of LH were not different between seasons. Prior to GnRH, mean concentrations of LH in plasma were affected by DA, NE and 5-HT in a dose-dependent manner. The high dose of DA and NE decreased mean concentrations of LH, while the high dose of 5-FIT increased mean concentrations of LH during the first 2 h of infusion. Mean concentrations of LH in the 4 h following administration of CnRH were related to mean concentrations of LH prior to GnRH. After adjustment by analysis of covariance, there was a significant effect of the interaction of biogenic amine X dose on mean concentrations of LH following administration of CnRH. Dose-response patterns of LH to administration of GnRFI following infusion of biogenic arnines were similar to those observed prior to treatment with GnRH. While 5-FIT did not affect concentrations of PrI, DA and NE reduced concentrations of PrI. Dopamine was more effective in inhibiting secretion of PrI in fall than in spring. Changes in PrI and LH were not correlated. In Experiment 2, anestrous ewes were infused intravenously with DA (0.66 and 66 pg/kg per mm), NE or 5-HT (each at doses of 0.06 and 6.6 pg/kg per mm). Concentrations of LH were uniformly low prior to administration of CnRH. Following treatment with GnRH, NE inhibited and 5-HT potentiated the release of LH (P<0.01), while DA had no effect. Concentrations of PrI in plasma were inhibited by DA and NE in a dose-related manner (P<0.01). Intravenous infusion of 5-HT did not affect Prl. Again, there was no apparent relationship between changes in LH and PrI.
An Alkaline Flow Battery Based on the Coordination Chemistry of Iron and Cobalt

We present the first alkaline redox flow battery (a-RFB) based on the coordination chemistry of cobalt with 1-[Bis(2hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol (mTEA) and iron with triethanolamine (TEA) in 5 M NaOH. The overall redox system has a cell voltage of 0.93 V in the charged state. Importantly, the coordination compounds are negatively charged and have limited transport through the cation exchange membrane (e.g., Nafion), minimizing the extent of redox species crossover during charge-discharge cycling. Fe-TEA is electrochemically reversible and soluble up to 0.8 M, whereas Co-mTEA presents quasireversible electron transfer kinetics and can be solubilized up to 0.7 M. Cyclability was tested with a flow cell at a concentration 0.5 M up to 30 cycles using a 50 μm thick Nafion membrane, at 30 mA/cm2, with minimal crossover (less than 4% of net concentration) or evolution of gases detected. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0461503jes] All rights reserved.
Sialidases as regulators of bioengineered cellular surfaces

Human sialidases (NEUs) catalyze the removal of N-acetyl neuraminic acids from the glycome of the cell and regulate a diverse repertoire of nominal cellular functions, such as cell signaling and adhesion. A greater understanding of their substrate permissivity is of interest in order to discern their physiological functions in disease states and in the design of specific and effective small molecule inhibitors. Towards this, we have synthesized soluble fluorogenic reporters of mammalian sialidase activity bearing unnatural sialic acids commonly incorporated into the cellular glycocalyx via metabolic glycoengineering. We found cell-surface sialidases in Jurkat capable of cleaving unnatural sialic acids with differential activities toward a variety of R groups on neuraminic acid. In addition, we observed modulated structure-activity relationships when cell-surface sialidases were presented glycans with unnatural bulky, hydrophobic or fluorinated moieties incorporated directly via glycoengineering. Our results confirm the importance of cell-surface sialidases in glycoengineering incorporation data. We demonstrate the flexibility of human NEUs toward derivatized sugars and highlight the importance of native glycan presentation to sialidase binding and activity. These results stand to inform not only metabolic glycoengineering efforts but also inhibitor design.
Transversal plasma wave instabilities in two counterstreaming plasmas without external fields

Abstract Some aspects of the theory of longitudinal and transversal waves in a collisionless nonrelativistic plasma are treated in this paper. A dispersion relation for multicomponent plasmas is derived from the linearized Boltzmann-Vlasov equation using the full set of Maxwell's equations without an external field. The velocity distributions of the plasma streams are assumed to be Maxwellian. For two counterstreaming plasmas it is shown that there exist transversal instabilities for all counterstreaming velocities whereas the well known two stream instabilities only exist for velocities greater than a critical velocity. Exact solutions for the onset of the instabilities can be given. This kind of instability may occur for any nonisotropic velocity distribution in a collisionless plasma.
Gene expression profiles of peripheral blood leukocytes after endotoxin challenge in humans.

To define gene expression profiles that occur during the initial activation of human innate immunity, we administered intravenous endotoxin (n = 8) or saline (n = 4) to healthy subjects and hybridi...
Proximal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

Purpose: Aneurysms involving the proximal segment of the anterior cerebral artery (A1) are relatively rare. We report two cases we encountered and review the literature. Cases: Two female patients were referred to our hospital. The first, a 71-year-old woman, was found unconscious and semicomatose at home. Computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with intraventricular and intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography (CAG) showed a saccular aneurysm in the right A1 and unruptured right middle cerebral artery aneurysm. The second patient was a 76-year-old woman in whom an unruptured right A1 aneurysm was found incidentally. During a 3-year observation period, the aneurysm enlarged and changed its shape. Both patients underwent surgical clipping. The first patient showed moderate disability due to SAH insult while the second showed no neurological deficits. Conclusions: A1 aneurysms are rare intracranial aneurysms, but reportedly show strong correlations with vascular anomalies. When planning surgery, use of CAG and other radiological modalities are warranted to precisely assess the origin of the aneurysm neck and any accompanying anomalies. Anatomical speculations must be confirmed intraoperatively while paying attention to perforating arteries from the A1 segment. ACTA MEDICA NAGASAKIENSIA 57: 79－83, 2012
Approach for Uncertainty Propagation and Robust Design in CFD Using Sensitivity Derivatives

This paper presents an implementation of the approximate statistical moment method for uncertainty propagation and robust optimization for a quasi 1-D Euler CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code. Given uncertainties in statistically independent, random, normally distributed input variables, a first- and second-order statistical moment matching procedure is performed to approximate the uncertainty in the CFD output. Efficient calculation of both first- and second-order sensitivity derivatives is required. In order to assess the validity of the approximations, the moments are compared with statistical moments generated through Monte Carlo simulations. The uncertainties in the CFD input variables are also incorporated into a robust optimization procedure. For this optimization, statistical moments involving first-order sensitivity derivatives appear in the objective function and system constraints. Second-order sensitivity derivatives are used in a gradient-based search to successfully execute a robust optimization. The approximate methods used throughout the analyses are found to be valid when considering robustness about input parameter mean values.
May 4th and June 4th compared: A sociological study of Chinese social movements

There has been much talk about a link between the May 4th and June 4th Movements, but there is rarely a systematic study of it. This paper compares and contrasts the two movements in terms of structural conduciveness, the achievability of goals, organizational effectiveness, and the independent nature of social movements. It demonstrates that these four variables work in concert to determine the success or failure of any such movement. The Hundred Flowers Movement is examined to substantiate this theoretical hypothesis. In the end, I discuss the legacies of these intellectual movements and offer a few comments on the future of the Chinese democracy movement. Historical and comparative methods are used in the analysis. It is hoped that an exploration of the genesis and direction of these movements will help us understand how Chinese social movements have effected and will continue to effect social change in China.
Robust methods for high-quality stills from interlaced video in the presence of dominant motion

We present robust algorithms which combine global motion compensation and motion adaption for deinterlacing in the presence of both dominant motion, such as camera zoom, pan, or jitter, and local motion, such as object motion. The dominant motion is modeled by a global affine warping and estimated by a gradient-based estimation method. Two alternative algorithms are proposed for compensation of the dominant motion: a bilinear interpolation based on the affine model, and a projections onto convex sets (POCS) based method that takes into account blurring in the image formation. It is important to note that the latter must be used if the blurring is severe enough to act as an anti-alias filter, which imposes an irreversible limit on the resolution improvement ability of any motion-compensated filter. Global motion-compensated images are then input to a motion-adaptive filter to detect and correct for those pixels where there exists local motion. A dynamic thresholding for motion detection is presented, with weighted directional-filtering for regions where motion is detected, to obtain the best results. Experimental results with application to obtaining high quality stills from video camcorders demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Wireless networked lighting systems for optimizing energy savings and user satisfaction

Energy savings and user satisfaction are two major design considerations for modern lighting systems. While some new commercial lighting systems for shared-space office buildings have been able to achieve significant savings via various lighting control strategies, the occupantspsila diverse lighting preferences and visual comfort have been generally overlooked or even compromised. Moreover, retrofitting legacy buildings with modern lighting systems is still economically unattractive due to the high cost of global rewiring. Leveraging the versatility of wireless sensor and actuator network technologies, this paper describes a wireless networked lighting system that fulfills both design criteria for modern lighting systems - energy efficiency and user satisfaction. The intelligent lighting optimization algorithm formulates lighting control as a linear programming problem to minimize energy usage and meet occupantspsila lighting preferences at the same time. The hardware of the lighting system is designed with minimizing retrofitting efforts and costs in mind, and an implementation of the developed system in a multiperson office shows substantial energy savings while meeting userspsila lighting preferences.
Marshall: Just How Interested in Doing Good Was He?

This paper critiques the way Alfred Marshall is presented in many histories of economic thought, in particular, the typical neglect of the relation of his economic theory and method to his public policy proposals and views on economic evolution. A good example is the textbook of Stanley L. Brue, The Evolution of Economic Thought, which is specifically policy oriented. He notes in his remarks on Marshall's life and method: “Marshall's thinking left room for cautious reform, that is, modest departures from laissez-faire” (2000, p. 295). But the only illustration of this is Marshall's discussion of the welfare effects of industry taxes and subsidies. However, even here Brue concludes (2000, p. 316) with a quote from Marshall: “These conclusions, it will be observed, do not by themselves afford a valid ground for government interference.”
Coordination of Cellular Pattern-Generating Circuits that Control Limb Movements: The Sources of Stable Differences in Intersegmental Phases

Neuronal mechanisms in nervous systems that keep intersegmental phase lags the same at different frequencies are not well understood. We investigated biophysical mechanisms that permit local pattern-generating circuits in neighboring segments to maintain stable phase differences. We use a modified version of an existing model of the crayfish swimmeret system that is based on three known coordinating neurons and hypothesized intersegmental synaptic connections. Weakly coupled oscillator theory was used to derive coupling functions that predict phase differences between neurons in neighboring segments. We show how features controlling the size of the lag under simplified network configurations combine to create realistic lags in the full network. Using insights from the coupled oscillator theory analysis, we identify an alternative intersegmental connection pattern producing realistic stable phase differences. We show that the persistence of a stable phase lag to changes in frequency can arise from complementary effects on the network with ascending-only or descending-only intersegmental connections. To corroborate the numerical results, we experimentally constructed phase–response curves (PRCs) for two different coordinating interneurons in the swimmeret system by perturbing the firing of individual interneurons at different points in the cycle of swimmeret movement. These curves provide information about the contribution of individual intersegmental connections to the stable phase lag. We also numerically constructed PRCs for individual connections in the model. Similarities between the experimental and numerical PRCs confirm the plausibility of the network configuration that has been proposed and suggest that the same stabilizing balance present in the model underlies the normal phase-constant behavior of the swimmeret system.
Deranged Sodium Homeostasis in Cirrhosis

Although the involvement of the kidney in advanced liver disease has been known for hundreds of years, the importance of the renal complications of cirrhosis has within the past decade received renewed investigative attention. Prominent among the renal complications of cirrhosis which require therapeutic intervention and constitute major challenges in management is the progressive impairment of renal sodium handling leading to the formation of ascites and peripheral edema. Despite extensive studies delineating the derangement in renal sodium handling, the mechanisms mediating this abnormality remain incompletely defined. Until recently the majority of investigations have focused on the importance of hyperaldosteronism in mediating the sodium retention of cirrhosis, largely to the exclusion of other hormonal effectors. The past several years have witnessed a resurgence of interest in the investigation of renal sodium handling in liver disease, reassessing the putative predominance of hyperaldosteronism in mediating this abnormality. Furthermore, increased attention has been devoted to nonmineralocorticoid factors including the role of renal prostaglandins and other vasoactive substances. It is the author's purpose to review the role of renal sodium handling in liver disease and the reappraisal of our thinking with regard to this abnormality in the light of recent findings from several laboratories. After a brief consideration of the clinical features of deranged sodium homeostasis, the present review will be organized into two major sections: a section dealing with "afferent" events and a second section dealing with "efferent" mechanisms. This arbitrary approach does not presuppose that either the affer-
Rescuing desmoplakin function in extra-embryonic ectoderm reveals the importance of this protein in embryonic heart, neuroepithelium, skin and vasculature.

Desmosomes mediate intercellular adhesion through desmosomal cadherins, which interface with plakoglobin (PG) and desmoplakin (DP) to associate with the intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton. Desmosomes first assemble in the E3.5 mouse trophectoderm, concomitant with establishment of epithelial polarity and appearance of a blastocoel cavity. Increasing in size and number, desmosomes continue their prominence in extra-embryonic tissues, but as development proceeds, they also become abundant in a number of embryonic tissues, including heart muscle, epidermis and neuroepithelium. Previously, we explored the functional importance of desmosomes by ablating the Dsp gene. Homozygous Dsp mutant embryos progressed through implantation, but did not survive beyond E6.5, owing to a loss or instability of desmosomes and tissue integrity. We have now rescued the extra-embryonic tissues by aggregation of tetraploid (wild-type) and diploid (Dsp mutant) morulae. These animals survive several days longer, but die shortly after gastrulation, with major defects in the heart muscle, neuroepithelium and skin epithelium, all of which possess desmosomes, as well as the microvasculature, which does not. Interestingly, although wild-type endothelial cells of capillaries do not form desmosomes, they possess unusual intercellular junctions composed of DP, PG and VE-cadherin. The severity in phenotype and the breadth of defects in the Dsp mutant embryo is greater than PG mutant embryos, substantiating redundancy between PG and other armadillo proteins (e.g. beta-catenin). The timing of lethality is similar to that of the VE-cadherin null embryo, suggesting that a participating cause of death may be a defect in vasculature, not reported for PG null embryos.
Analysis of third-generation HF ALE technologies

Third-generation HF automatic link establishment (ALE) achieves order-of-magnitude improvements over second-generation ALE in linking speed, network size, and traffic capacity. We examine the individual contributions to this performance by several of the techniques standardized in the third generation, including synchronous operation, dwell groups, and separate calling and traffic frequencies.
Analytical Solution for the Ultimate Strength of Metal-faced Elastomer-cored Sandwich Panels under In-plane Edge Compression and Lateral Pressure:

This paper presents a closed-form analytical solution for the ultimate strength of simply supported sandwich panels with metal faces and an elastic isotropic core under combined in-plane compressio...
Cytomegalovirus necrotizing bronchiolitis with HIV infection.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is frequently isolated from respiratory secretions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Even in the presence of histopathologic evidence of CMV cytopathic abnormalities, the true clinical significance of CMV pneumonitis is not well established. Airways disease is increasingly recognized in HIV-infected patients, but its etiology is unclear. We describe an HIV-infected patient who presented with fever, wheeze, and micronodular interstitial infiltrates and developed severe hypercapnic and hypoxemic respiratory failure. Open lung biopsy showed necrotizing bronchiolitis with cytopathic changes characteristic of CMV infection; no other pathogens were isolated. He responded well to treatment with ganciclovir. (Chest 1990; 97:483–34)
Effect of meal composition on postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and glucose responses in overweight/obese subjects

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, is released in response to food intake. It is unclear how meals high in protein (HP) and monounsaturated fat (HMF) affect GLP-1 response. To examine the effect of a HP versus a HMF meal on GLP-1 response. Twenty-four overweight/obese participants consumed two meals (HP: 31.9 % energy from protein; HMF: 35.2 % fat and 20.7 % monounsaturated fat) in a random order. Both meals contained the same energy and carbohydrate content. GLP-1, insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and glucose were assessed from blood drawn in the fasting and postprandial states. The effect of meal condition on hormone and glucose responses and appetite ratings were assessed by repeated measures analysis. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) time by meal condition effect was observed on active GLP-1, total GLP-1, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon, but not glucose (p = 0.83). Area under the curve was significantly higher during the HP versus the HMF meal conditions for active GLP-1 (23.7 %; p = 0.0007), total GLP-1 (12.2 %; p < 0.0001), insulin (54.4 %; p < 0.0001), C-peptide (14.8 %; p < 0.0001), and glucagon (40.7 %; p < 0.0001). Blood glucose was not different between the HP versus HMF conditions (−4.8 %; p = 0.11). Insulin sensitivity was higher during the HMF versus HP conditions (Matsuda index mean difference: 16.3 %; p = 0.007). Appetite ratings were not different by meal condition. GLP-1 and insulin responses were higher during the HP condition. However, no difference was found in blood glucose between conditions, and insulin sensitivity was higher during the HMF condition, indicating that a HMF meal may be optimal at regulating blood glucose in overweight/obese individuals without type 2 diabetes.
An Empirical Analysis of the Competitiveness in the U.S. Airline Industry

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the competitiveness of the airline industry in the United States from 1982 to 2012. We examine the stochastic behavior of corporate profitability ratios using a balanced panel of publicly-traded U.S. Airline firms. In particular, we use a panel unit root approach to examine the persistence of profitability. Using a second generation panel unit root test developed by Pesaran (2007) that controls for cross-sectional dependence, we find some evidence that is consistent with airlinesi¯ return on assets (ROA) exhibiting mean-reversion during a part of our examination period, but not for the full period. In particular, our findings show that when ROA is used as a profitability measure, profits are mean-reverting in the earlier years of our examination period but not mean-reverting following the demand shocks of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2011 and the 2008 recession. Therefore, our findings produce some evidence in support of the long-standing i°competitive environmenti± hypothesis originally set forward by Mueller (1977).
Barcelona, Spain as a Model for the Creation of Innovation Districts and Sustainable Social Housing Without Spatial Segregation

Suburban growth in the post-World War II era led to the deterioration of central cities as the migration of more affluent households left a greater concentration of the poor and minorities in the core. To some extent, the twenty-first century’s global networking economy is reversing this trend because the workplace now thrives on the collaboration of a highly skilled labor force working in close proximity to each other. A number of cities have revitalized under-utilized urban areas, including obsolete industrial sectors, by turning them into vibrant cityscapes that provide an attractive environment for an information and technology driven economy. Barcelona, Spain’s new innovation district provides an excellent model for the successful transformation of an industrial area into a viable entrepreneurial core of mixed uses and green space. Known as the 22@ Project, the innovation district provides a structure for the creation of knowledge, technology, and scientific based businesses, 4,000 social housing units, and green space as well as the infrastructure necessary to support the new activities. This article explores how Barcelona’s innovation district can serve as an exemplar for the regeneration of urban areas into productive networking hubs in the United States. It examines the key elements of Barcelona’s plan to regenerate an under-utilized industrial area. In particular, the article focuses on the 22@ Project’s subsidized housing element and evaluates its applicability to other metropolitan regions.The article argues that Barcelona’s commitment to avoid social exclusion on the basis of race and income should be emulated by other providers of publicly subsidized housing. It traces the history of spatially segregated public housing in the United States and outlines strategies to increase opportunities for integration in publicly assisted housing. The article analyzes possible constraints upon the provision of inclusionary housing in the United States following the United States Supreme Court’s 2013 decision in Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District. Using the Barcelona innovation district as a guide, the article provides suggestions as to how housing should be planned in an innovation district to maximize the opportunities for economic growth, social cohesion, and enhanced sustainability.
Body temperature change in the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

One prominent operation for the control of motivational-incentive variables with reptilian species is peripheral body temperature change. However, little is known about the relation between peripheral temperature change, and the rate of deep body temperature adjustment, which may be more important in establishing a motivational level. Rate of deep body temperature adaptation to a peripheral change of 10 deg F was determined for 13 snapping turtles ranging in body weight from 500 to 14,000 g. Adaptation was a negatively accelerated decreasing function of body weight.
0056 Patterns of Site-Employment of Construction Workers On and Off Commercial Construction Sites in New England and the Relationship to Musculoskeletal Pain

Objectives Construction workers who work on multiple jobsites have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Yet, scant quantitative information exists in the scientific literature on the relationship between worksite mobility patterns and musculoskeletal disorders. Method Self-reported musculoskeletal pain, as defined as pain experienced in one of seven body areas in the past month, work history, and demographics were collected from 776 Boston area workers on their first day at one of seven commercial construction projects. Workers were classified as long-term workers (on-site greater than or equal to 30 days) or short-term workers (less than 30 days). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses tested the relationship between term length and prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal pain, adjusting for relevant covariates. Results Of the 776 new workers, 344 (44%) were on-site after one month, 164 (21%) remained after two months, and only 74 (10%) remained after three months. Thirty-three percent of workers reported musculoskeletal pain at baseline. Short-term workers were 2.02 times (95% CI: 1.32, 3.08) more likely to report any musculoskeletal pain at baseline than long-term workers, when controlling for trade and tenure. Reporting of single- and multi-site pain was also associated with term length, with statistically significant adjusted odds ratios of 2.00 and 2.35, respectively. Conclusions The observed excess of self-reported pain in short-term workers when compared to long-term workers mirrors disparities between temporary and non-temporary workers in other industries. This observed effect highlights the need to consider worksite mobility when analysing and interpreting data aimed at improving construction worker health and safety.
Crowdsourcing (Bankruptcy) Fee Control for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (Presentation Slides)

A powerpoint presentation made to the AALS section on debtors and creditors rights. This presentation builds off of my article Crowdsourcing (Bankruptcy) Fee Control, available here: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2564227.
Mornitoring of Chemical Pollution in Common Food in Guangyuan,2009-2010

Objective To understand the pollution status of chemical pollution in common food in Guangyuan from 2009 to 2010.Methods Different classes of food samples were collected from the major supermarkets,farmers markets in Guangyuan from 2009 to 2010,and were carried out the detection of harmful elements,food additives and prohibited chemicals.Results From 2009 to 2011,the total detection rate of local food in Guangyuan was 66.37%,the exceeding rate in each year was 3.57%,5.59% and 10.10%,respectively.Excessive pollutants were mainly in elements.Conclusion The phenomenon of excessive chemical pollutants in common food existed in Guangyuan,that will threaten to people's health.It is necessary to strengthen the further food safety supervision and have the people understood about the knowledge of food safety.
Clinical trial of mifepristone and anordrin for emergency contraception

Objectives:To study the efficacy of mifepristone and/or anordrin for emergency contraception( EC).Design:A randomized clinical trial.Setting:Outpatients clinic of Chaoyang Hospital in Beijing. Subjects:139 healthy women with history of unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure were re-cruited from February to April 1995.All had regular mentrual cycles and attended the clinic within 72 hours after,intercourse. Methods: Women were randomly allocated into 3 groups. In group I,mifepristone 25mg was given and the same dose was repeated 12 hours later with a total dose of 50mg(n=46 ).In group II,Anordrin 7.5mg was given twice at 12 hours interval(n=46).Group III,both mifepristone 25mg and anordrin 7.5mg were given once(n=47).Women were asked to record their bleeding patterns as well as any unexpected adverse effects. The pregnancy rates were calculated by Dixon’s method according to the expected pregnancy proba-bility on specific cycle day. Serum estradiol,LH and progesterone were determined in 45 women of the 3 groups before and after treatment, and transvaginal ultrasonography were carried out at the same time. Results:The contraceptive effective rates were 100% in both group I and III,and 36.7%(2/46)in group II,which was close to the expected pregnancy 3.163.Menstruation was postponed in 7 women(15.2%)in group I.4 women(8.7%)in group II and II (23.4%)in group III.Side effects including nausea and vomiting were reported as 4.3%,15.2%.and 6.4% in the 3 groups respectively,and were not signifi-cantly different.Hormone assays showed 3 patterns of changes i.e.anovulatory,periovulatory and postovu-latory,and were confirmed by B ultrasound.Conclusion:Low dose mifepristone or in combination with anordrin given within 72 hours after unpro-tected intercourse was effective for emergency contraception.
Mapping ‘Gross’ Bodies: The Regulatory Politics of Disgust

Sara Ahmed said, ‘Emotions should not be regarded as psychological states, but as social and cultural practices’ (2004, 9). Critical feminist scholarship on embodiment and women’s lived experiences of their bodies has resituated and reframed the way that social scientists understand the discipline, control, and regulation of bodies (Foucault 1995). As a malleable site of cultural anxieties (Bordo 2003), personal distress and self-objectification (Johnston-Robledo et al. 2007), pleasure and satisfaction (Fahs 2011b), cultural rebellion (Bobel and Kwan 2011), frank oppression (Owen 2012), or affiliation to various social identities (Hill Collins 2000), the body and its role as a social entity cannot be overstated. More specifically, psychologists, body image researchers, and critical feminist scholars have argued that women mould and shape their bodies to emulate ‘ideals’ of youth, heterosexuality, ability, whiteness, and thinness (Bordo 2003; Ringrose and Walkerdine 2008; Tiggemann and Lewis 2004).
Thinking big about the future

As the US eyes a manned mission to an asteroid or Mars, Kirstin Matthews and Padraig Moloney argue that NASA needs better support for basic research – especially nanotechnology – to realize such ambitions.
Brain leak, mind bleak

Stress-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability contribute to depression pathology.
Trust-based leader selection for bilateral haptic teleoperation of multi-robot systems

Mutli-robot teleoperation systems benefit from human's capabilities in adaptation to new environments and decision-making in the presence of uncertainty and complexity. In these applications, usually a human operator determines the general behaviour of the multi-robot team via selecting and controlling a leader robot while the follower robots coordinate with the team autonomously. Trust is a major factor in human's allocation of autonomy among the team of robots. A trust-based online leader selection strategy is proposed in this work for multi-robot bilateral haptic teleoperation with applications in collective position tracking and synchronization. Human-to-robot trust is computed and utilized as a dynamic criterion to select the leader. Also, robot-to-human trust is used to dynamically scale the haptic force feedback cues so that the operator receives smaller force feedback when his/her performance in leading the team is higher. This reduces the physical workload of the operator. Due to the trust-based leader switching and force feedback scaling, the stability of the closed-loop system may be lost. We guarantee this stability via passivity-based techniques. Finally, our experimental results indicate that the trust-based leader selection strategy can reduce task completion time by 35.25% and formation error by 41.64% compared to a non-leader switching strategy.
The real-time processing of pragmatics: An experimental psychological-conversation analytic study of obwohl clauses in spoken German

Abstract This paper answers calls in the literature for research representing a fusion of the methodologies of Conversation Analysis (CA) and Experimental Psychology (EP). A review of CA literature on German obwohl ‘although’-subordinate clauses suggests that their interactional meaning is a function of their word order, with verb-final word order indicating a concessive function and verb-second word order indicating a correction of the main clause's meaning. A self-paced reading experiment, with German native speakers (n = 48) and with stimuli drawn from actual German conversational data, was designed to test the aforementioned findings of the CA literature under controlled conditions. The experiment was designed to allow for direct measurement of the effect of pragmatics, as encoded through word order, upon real-time sentence processing. Results of the experiment suggest that the CA-derived interactional meanings of obwohl-initial subordinate clauses fully account for the performance of participants in the experiment. The paper shows that findings derived from CA studies can also be observed under the controlled conditions of a self-paced reading study, and that discourse-length utterances taken from naturally-occurring interaction can serve with little modification as stimuli in sentence processing studies investigating pragmatics.
Spine Disorders: Implications for Bioengineers

This chapter presents an overview of the several spinal disorders from a mechanical perspective. An understanding of these disorders can assist in the design and development of spinal instrumentation. Normal function of the human spine is possible due to a complex interaction of its components (i.e., vertebrae, ligaments, discs, rib cage, and muscles). One of the spinal disorders is scoliosis. It is the structural deformity of the spine in the frontal plane. The usual vertical orientation of the spine in the frontal plane is disturbed, leading to a lateral curvature of spine. This chapter also discusses intervertebral disc disease. It is a broad term used to describe alteration of the bio-mechanical properties of the disc through degenerative disease. It occurs due to aging, or may be caused by overloading or underloading. Moreover, Once degeneration sets in, the intervertebral disc goes through a cascade of degenerative changes that result in biomechanical alteration of load transfer through the disc. The spinal column is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis. Therefore, for pain management of the spine metastasis, radiotherapy is conducted and when radiotherapy is not effective, surgical intervention is considered.
Clinical Applications of 3D CT Imaging in Thoracic Pathology

Thoracic vascular imaging is moving away from catheter angiography towards non-invasive techniques, and in particular computed tomography angiography (CTA). The three-dimensional imaging capabilities of CT and its ease of use have been the main reason for this change. However, 3D imaging is not limited to the vascular system; it also has useful but underused applications in routine chest CT, high-resolution CT (HRCT), or trauma cases. This article will present the basic rules for data acquisition for 3D imaging in chest CT and CTA, briefly discuss the various techniques for exploring a 3D data set, and finally focus on clinical applications that can improve chest imaging in daily routine as well as in situations in which it is important to gain as much information as possible about the three-dimensional extent of the anatomy and pathology of interest.
Packing of Powders

Publisher Summary The uniform packing of particles with an overall desired shape is the goal of the various ceramic forming operations. Packing density and its variation throughout a body determine the amount of shrinkage occurring during firing. Ceramic green (unfired) bodies contain not only ceramic particulate matter but also other substances such as liquids, solutes in the liquid, gas, and polymeric resins. The packing density is the ratio of the weight of solid to the total body volume. As packing is space filling, it can be described in terms of volume-related quantities. When dealing with systems containing two or more condensed phases, in which one compositional parameter at a time is systematically varied, it is convenient to utilize a specific volume diagram. This is a plot of the specific volume of the system as a function of the compositional variable. The uniformity of packing throughout a green body is important for uniform shrinkage and the elimination of porosity during firing.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with unusual presentation of peripheral neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a well-described disease. It is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, ataxia, pyramidal, and extrapyramidal signs. There are well-defined electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and markers found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The gold standard for diagnosing CJD remains brain biopsy. We present a case of a patient with a family history of biopsy-proven CJD who initially presented with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. A month later, he developed ataxia, ophthalmoparesis, and then dysarthria. His initial workup was relatively unrevealing, showing an elevated protein in his CSF. He was thought to have Miller Fisher syndrome variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. He neither, however, responded to plasmapheresis nor IVIG. He later started to develop progressive dementia. Repeated MRI showed restricted diffusion in the caudate and putamen, as well as in the cortex (cortical ribboning). Lumbar puncture was then found to be positive for 14-3-3 protein, total-tau protein, and real-time quaking-induced conversion assay, which are highly suggestive of CJD. We present a case of CJD with an unusual presentation resulting in misdiagnosis, prolonged workup, and potentially harmful treatment modalities. This case highlights the importance of broadening our definition of CJD to encompass more cases with unusual presentations.
Slow continued fractions and permutative representations of $\mathcal{O}_N$

Representations of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_N$ are constructed from interval dynamical systems associated with slow continued fraction algorithms introduced by Giovanni Panti. Their irreducible decomposition formulas are characterized by using the modular group action on real numbers, as a generalization of results by Kawamura, Hayashi and Lascu. Furthermore, a certain symmetry of such an interval dynamical system is interpreted as a covariant representation of the $C^*$--dynamical system ofthe `flip-flop' automorphism of $\mathcal{O}_2$.
Examining Associations Between State-Level Transgender Policies and Transgender Health.

Abstract Compared with their cisgender counterparts, transgender individuals face both structural-level discrimination and health disparities across health domains. We used recent population-level ...
When Is Every Quasi-Multiplier a Multiplier?

We answer the title question for σ-unital C∗-algebras. The answer is that the algebra must be the direct sum of a dual C∗-algebra and a C∗-algebra satisfying a certain local unitality condition. We also discuss similar problems in the context of Hilbert C∗-bimodules and imprimitivity bimodules and in the context of centralizers of Pedersen’s ideal.
Finding pessiland

We explore the minimal assumptions that are necessary for non-trivial argument systems, such as Kilian's argument system for NP with poly-logarithmic communication complexity [K92]. We exhibit an oracle relative to which there is a 2-round argument system with poly-logarithmic communication complexity for some language in NP, but no one-way functions. The language lies outside BPTime(2o(n)), so the relaxation to computational soundness is essential for achieving sublinear communication complexity. We obtain as a corollary that under black-box reductions, non-trivial argument systems do not imply one-way functions.
A case report of extramedullary haematopoiesis within left ventricle myocardium and apical thrombus in acute heart failure: diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome.

Background Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) within myocardium is a rare phenomenon, and its occurrence in left ventricle myocardium or apical thrombus of a young female has never been reported. Case summary A 23-year-old active female with progressive worsening of dyspnoea. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a left ventricular ejection fraction of 10-15% and apical thrombus. Bilateral upper extremity Doppler showed deep venous thrombus in the left arm and superficial vein thrombus in both arms. She had reduced activity of antithrombin III, deficiency of protein C and S. Computed tomography of the head showed right thalamic infarct. Having failed optimal medical therapy, rapidly worsening of symptoms (New York Heart Association Class IV and clinical Class C) and cardiogenic shock, she underwent HeartWare® left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement as a bridge to heart transplant. Intraoperative apical thrombus was carefully extracted while maintaining adequate anticoagulation with heparin infusion. Pathology report of the excised apical myocardium and thrombus demonstrated haematopoietic cells. Twenty-six months since LVAD implantation, she remains active and Status 7 on transplant list (due to body mass index) without any further episodes of thromboembolic events. Discussion We report an unprecedented case of an active young female with EMH within left ventricular myocardium and apical thrombus. Although redirected differentiation and embolic haematopoietic cells seem to explain this phenomenon, the exact pathophysiology remains unknown. Despite having pre-existing apical thrombus and acute deep vein thrombus, the key towards success was meticulous extraction of apical thrombus while preserving inherent trabecular architecture and adequate anticoagulation.
Highly Unsaturated Oligomeric Hydrocarbons: α-(Phenylethynyl)-ω-phenylpoly[1,2-phenylene(2,1-ethynediyl)]

A new set of conjugated oligomers C6H5C…C–(1,2-C6H4C…C)n – C6H5 (10; n = 3–7) comprised of acetylene and phenyl units linked together at the 1,2 positions of the aromatic ring is introduced. The facile synthesis of these compounds is achieved through the Pd-mediated coupling reaction of diiodo- and dibromobenzene with the appropriate ethynyl component. Spectroscopic data of the new compounds are discussed in light of electronic conjugation of the extended π system. Thermolysis of oligomers 10 indicates that rearrangement of the triple bonds occurs to form higher conjugated oligo(acenes). The topology of two members (10; n = 2, 3) is confirmed by X-ray analysis and reveals a propensity for intramolecular π-stacking of the phenyl rings leading to a helical arrangement.
Visual cortical evoked potentials in alcoholics and normals maintained on lithium carbonate: augmentation and reduction phenomena.

Visual cortical evoked potentials (EPs) have been employed in examining many Psychopathologic and neurologic states in man: assessing intellectual levels of functioning, assessing hemispheric specialization of function, and assessing drug effect, not to mention the enormous quantity of work accomplished in the basic sciences with single-cell and ganglion preparations. A clinical area of interest is application of EPs in Psychopathologic states.
Lymphatic Malformations: An Overview of Pathology, Imaging, and Treatment

Abstract Lymphatic malformations are an overall rare, slow-flowing vascular anomaly consisting of microcysts and macrocysts, along with a dilated lymphatic system, that do not communicate with the normal lymphatic drainage system. Treatment goals prioritize regaining control of the presenting symptoms and decreasing the overall size of the anomaly. With studies indicating a conservative, less-invasive approach with sclerotherapy producing similar success rates as surgical resection, it is now seen as a mainstay treatment option. The purpose of this article is to discuss the presentation, pathology, indications, treatment options, including discussion of various sclerosants and outcome goals of lymphatic malformations.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol reduces perioperative narcotic requirement and length of stay in patients undergoing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction.

Abstract Introduction Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols have contributed to shortened hospital stays and reduced narcotic use after common surgical procedures. Though ERAS protocols exist for breast surgery, they have not been studied for implant-based reconstruction after mastectomy. Methods Twenty-three consecutive patients undergoing mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction were treated with perioperative gabapentin, acetaminophen, and NSAIDs. Data regarding clinical course and medication requirement were compared to a historical control cohort (n = 23) receiving usual care after mastectomy. Opioid analgesics were converted to oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) for comparison between groups. Results Patients treated with the ERAS protocol required significantly fewer narcotics as measured in OMEs over postoperative days 0–2. Patient reported pain scores were equivalent between groups, as were postoperative complication rates of nausea, hematoma, and infection. Additionally, ERAS patients had significantly shorter mean length of hospital stay (1.3 vs. 2.5 days, p = 0.037). Conclusions Patients receiving perioperative gabapentin, acetaminophen, and NSAIDs under an ERAS protocol required significantly fewer narcotics and shorter length of stay. This protocol may merit consideration for use at other centers.