cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in Oral Ethanol Self‐Administration Patterns Resulting from Ethanol Concentration Manipulations

A variety of initiation procedures have been used to develop oral ethanol consumption. Using the sucrose-substitution procedure, oral self-administration of ethanol-water solutions with ethanol concentrations as high as 40% can be initiated in food- and fluid-sated rats. An important question for these models is the relationship between ethanol concentration and self-administration patterns after initiation. This study examined the differential patterns of ethanol self-administration maintained by a range of ethanol solutions (10 to 30%) over a 5-week period, compared with rats maintained on 10% ethanol for 5 weeks. In 43 male Long Evans rats, the sucrose-substitution procedure was used to initiate responding maintained by 10% ethanol on a Fixed Ratio 4 schedule of reinforcement. The ethanol concentration presented was then increased to 30% in stepwise fashion and then returned to 10% [Ethanol Concentration Manipulation (ECM) group, n = 32], or 10% ethanol was maintained as the reinforcer for 5 weeks [Control (Con) group, n = 11]. Significant increases in ethanol intake and decreases in responding were associated with increased ethanol concentration. Although no overall differences in total session responding were observed in either group between week 1 and week 5 (10E vs. 10E), examination of changes in initial low responders of the ECM group revealed significant increases in responding that were not observed in the initial low responders of the Con group. Significant increases in momentary response rates were observed on both the ECM and Con groups, independent of the ethanol concentration presented. Increases in response rate in the ECM group were the result of increases in initial low rate and high rate responders; however, the increased response rates in the Con group were the result of increases only in the initial low rate responders. These data suggest that the ECM procedure can aid in the initiation of ethanol self-administration and may be particularly useful in rats of heterogeneous stock.
Magnesium sulfate for tocolysis and risk of spastic cerebral palsy in premature children born to women without preeclampsia

Abstract Objective: Our aim was to examine magnesium sulfate tocolysis and cerebral palsy in infants born prematurely to women without preeclampsia. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of infants with birth weights 3 hours after admission, and had survived to age 2 years. Results: Among 170 children with cerebral palsy and 288 control subjects, similar proportions of case mothers (58%) and control mothers (62%) had received magnesium sulfate tocolysis. In women with some tocolytic treatment, these proportions were 78% and 76%, respectively. The duration of treatment with magnesium was comparable for case and control women, as were the intervals from beginning and termination of treatment to delivery. Adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, and other variables did not alter this result. Conclusion: Magnesium exposure was not associated with a lower risk of cerebral palsy in infants born prematurely to women without preeclampsia. The difference between this finding and that in our previous study showing an apparent neuroprotective effect of magnesium is not explained by the more restrictive selection criteria used here and may be related to a number of changes in medical practice between the 2 periods. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:717-25.)
Combinatorial optimization in nash games

Abstract Games in which at least one player must solve a combinatorial optimization problem are studied. After a suitable transformation, some cases may be solved by consideration of a polynomial system of equations. By finding all the solutions of this system, one compuutes a all the Nash equiblibria, and the pre-equilibrium set, which may be of independent interest. The question of a lack of equilibrium is also resolved for these games.
A comprehensive model of positional and stereo control in lipoxygenases

The lipoxygenase gene family can synthesize an array of chiral hydroperoxy derivatives from polyunsaturated fatty acids. An individual enzyme, however, reacts molecular oxygen on a single position on the carbon chain and in a single stereo configuration. Regiospecificity is regulated by the orientation and depth of substrate entry into the active site. Stereospecificity is a different issue and only recently has experimental support emerged to explain the conceptual basis of stereo control. A key determinant is a single active site residue conserved as an Ala in S lipoxygenases and a Gly in R lipoxygenases; this residue controls R or S stereochemistry by switching the position of oxygenation on the reacting pentadiene of the substrate. In this review, we meld together the factors that control product regio- and stereochemistry into a general model that can account for the specificity of individual lipoxygenase reactions.
Small depth polynomial size neural networks

For polynomially bounded weights and polylogarithmic precision, analog neural networks of polynomial size and depth 3 are strictly more powerful than those of polynomial size and depth 2.
The formation heritage of Jupiter Family Comet 10P/Tempel 2 as revealed by infrared spectroscopy.

Abstract We present spectral and spatial information for major volatile species in Comet 10P/Tempel 2, based on high-dispersion infrared spectra acquired on UT 2010 July 26 (heliocentric distance Rh = 1.44 AU) and September 18 (Rh = 1.62 AU), following the comet’s perihelion passage on UT 2010 July 04. The total production rate for water on July 26 was (1.90 ± 0.12) × 1028 molecules s−1, and abundances of six trace gases (relative to water) were: CH3OH (1.58% ± 0.23%), C2H6 (0.39% ± 0.04%), NH3 (0.83% ± 0.20%), and HCN (0.13% ± 0.02%). A detailed analysis of intensities for water emission lines provided a rotational temperature of 35 ± 3 K. The mean OPR is consistent with nuclear spin populations in statistical equilibrium (OPR = 3.01 ± 0.18), and the (1σ) lower bound corresponds to a spin temperature >38 K. Our measurements were contemporaneous with a jet-like feature observed at optical wavelengths. The spatial profiles of four primary volatiles display strong enhancements in the jet direction, which favors release from a localized vent on the nucleus. The measured IR continuum is much more sharply peaked and is consistent with a dominant contribution from the nucleus itself. The peak intensities for H2O, CH3OH, and C2H6 are offset by ∼200 km in the jet direction, suggesting the possible existence of a distributed source, such as the release of icy grains that subsequently sublimed in the coma. On UT September 18, no obvious emission lines were present in our spectra, nevertheless we obtained a 3σ upper limit Q(H2O)
Preparation of a Net with the Function of Sand-Resistance and Sand-Fixation

When the railway pass through the desert and highlands, it is often corroded and buried by the sand. So it is necessary to spread out nylon material sand-fixation net along with the railway for windbreak and sand-fixation. The using of the refractory nylon net is restricted because it is difficult to be degraded. Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the desertification. To mitigate the effects of desertification, it is imperative to research for a new type of sand-fixation material. Here, we deal fiber-linen with advanced surface treatment technology to make a new kind of material which can be degraded. It is not only environmental-friendly and advanced but also very cheap, Whats more, it has the excellent abilities of ageing resistance, water resistance, and UV resistance.
Effect of hydraulic fracturing on long-term storage of CO2 in stimulated saline aquifers

Abstract Stimulation techniques, primarily as hydraulic fracturing, can contribute to improve practical storage capacity of low-permeable saline aquifers by increasing injectivity. Since the shape of the CO 2 plume in the injection period can affect its subsequent migration, impact of hydraulic fracturing on post-injection plume migration should be investigated to assess CO 2 long-term trapping in stimulated saline aquifers. Compositional reservoir simulation results, based on a case study of Rose Run sandstone aquifer in Ohio River Valley, show the important role of methods for increasing near wellbore injectivity on CO 2 plume dynamics. Significant tradeoff between enhancing injectivity and long-term trapping of carbon dioxide in hydraulically fractured saline aquifers in normal faulting regime is proven by analysis of parameters controlling CO 2 storage in saline aquifers such as gravity number. In addition, we discuss effects of the aquifer stress regime, fracture properties, and injection of water on immobilization of CO 2 by residual and solubility trapping inside the stimulated saline aquifers. Finally, we show that non-Darcy flow effects inside the fracture could reduce injectivity of the stimulated saline aquifer by causing additional pressure drop inside the fracture.
Topical delivery of retinoids counteracts the UVB-induced epidermal vitamin A depletion in hairless mouse.

Abstract UVB irradiation depletes all-trans-retinol (ROL) and all-trans-retinyl esters (RE) from the hairless mouse epidermis. Prevention of this may be of relevance in counteracting the long-term side effects of UVB exposure. We studied the effects of a topical treatment with natural retinoids before and after UVB exposure on three parameters involved in vitamin A metabolism: the amount of epidermal ROL and RE, the level of functional cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP-I), which is likely to protect ROL from UVB, as well as the cytosolic and microsomal enzyme activities which generate ROL and RE, i.e. all-trans-retinaldehyde (RAL) reductase, acylCoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) and retinyl-ester hydrolase (REH). Topical pretreatment with retinoids promoted a dramatic increase of epidermal ROL, RE and CRBP-I levels, a transient increase of RAL reductase and ARAT activities as well as a decreased activity of REH, indicating a direction of epidermal vitamin A metabolism toward storage. In untreated ...
New compact TEM-type deflecting and crabbing rf structure

A new type of rf structure for the deflection and crabbing of particle beams is presented. The structure is comprised of a number of parallel TEM resonant lines operating in opposing phase from each other. One of its advantages is its compactness compared to conventional crabbing cavities operating in the ${\mathrm{TM}}_{110}$ mode, thus allowing low frequency designs. This geometry would also be effective for the deflection of beams propagating at velocities substantially less than that of light.
Identification and Characterization of RNA Editing Events within the 5-HT2C Receptora

: RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that generates an RNA transcript with a nucleotide sequence different from its gene. We have recently discovered RNA editing events, involving the conversion of adenosine bases to inosine residues, within the RNA encoding the serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor. 1 Editing events at four major positions, termed A, B, C and D, as well as one minor site termed C′, are predicted to alter amino acids within the second intracellular loop of the G-protein coupled 5-HT2C receptor. Editing is mediated by at least two members of a family of adenosine deaminases and is contingent upon the presence of an extensive RNA duplex structure formed by exonic and intronic sequences of 5-HT2C receptor precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA). This critical secondary structure has been observed within brain pre-mRNA derived from four species; the isolation of edited 5-HT2C receptor transcripts from these samples further confirms the evolutionary conservation of this RNA processing event. Among members of the 5-HT2 receptor family, editing within second intracellular loop RNA is unique to the 5-HT2C receptor. Editing within the 5-HT2C receptor generates receptor isoforms that differ in their ability to interact with the phospholipase C signaling cascade in a transfected cell line, suggesting that this RNA processing event may contribute to the modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
A course for the nonmajor: teaching collaborative problem solving via the classical computer science space-time tradeoff

Too often the department of Computer Science's service course is limited to either the major course itself or some course about computer science. While the former is usually much too demanding for nonmajors, the latter never fully allows the student to design, debug and actually run the solution to a complex problem on a computer. We propose a course which includes the use of a friendly but nontrivial programming language (Logo) coupled to a problem set which demonstrates the efficacy of top-down design as a problem solving technique.The paper describes a four-part curriculum unit based on an “Alphabet” programming project. In this Alphabet Project, student groups design and implement an alphabet of letters that are to be drawn on the screen via Turtle Graphics in Logo. The end result of the project is to make the Turtle trace out variable-sized letters on the screen as the associated keys on the keyboard are pressed. While the instructor supplies the driver program, the students work together to determine a reasonable set of “core shapes” which can be used to assemble each letter of the alphabet. Throughout the four parts of the project design is constrained by assigning “costs” to the memory space and execution time associated with the procedures which draw the core shapes and the letters. Some lively discussions develop around the ideas of primitives and parsimony that are surprisingly similar to those in an upper-level computer science class in programming language design.
A multiple impact approach for non-destructive measurement of fruit firmness and maturity

Measurement of fruit firmness using impact response is greatly influenced by the angle and location of the impact on the fruit surface. To overcome this variability, a method to measure fruit firmness non-destructively using a multiple impact approach was developed. Incorporating impact response information for cantaloupes in various melon surface locations resulted in a correlation of r = 0.86 compared to a destructive flesh firmness test using a penetrometer and r = 0.94 with elastic modulus evaluated from a parallel plate loading test. This non-destructive method for estimating cantaloupe firmness proved to be useful for the classification of cantaloupes into five ripeness stages at a significance level of a= 0.05. Rigorous examination of fruit sensitivity to multiple impacts showed negligible effects with regard to physical damage.
Effects of energy gap anisotropy in pure superconductors

Abstract Various effects of anisotropy of the superconducting energy gap are theoretically considered. In order to estimate the effects of anisotropy upon the thermodynamic properties of pure, single-crystal superconductors, a factorable BCS-like model for the effective electron-electron matrix element Vpp′ = (1 + ap)V(1 + ap′) is used. The effects of anisotropy upon the temperature dependence of the gap parameter, the critical field, and the specific heat near the critical temperature are then shown to be small and proportional to the mean-squared anisotropy 〈a2〉, which is of the order of 0.02 for typical superconductors. Theoretical expressions which explicitly include the anisotropy of a general gap parameter are given for low-temperature specific heat, nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time, tunneling, surface resistance, and longitudinal ultrasonic attenuation. These processes are seen to be more sensitive to the details of the anisotropy than are the above thermodynamic properties.
CatSper1 required for evoked Ca2+ entry and control of flagellar function in sperm

CatSper family proteins are putative ion channels expressed exclusively in membranes of the sperm flagellum and required for male fertility. Here, we show that mouse CatSper1 is essential for depolarization-evoked Ca2+ entry and for hyperactivated movement, a key flagellar function. CatSper1 is not needed for other developmental landmarks, including regional distributions of CaV1.2, CaV2.2, and CaV2.3 ion channel proteins, the cAMP-mediated activation of motility by , and the protein phosphorylation cascade of sperm capacitation. We propose that CatSper1 functions as a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel that controls Ca2+ entry to mediate the hyperactivated motility needed late in the preparation of sperm for fertilization.
Identity Gaps of Contemporary U.S. Immigrants: Acknowledging Divergent Communicative Experiences

Through the lens of the communication theory of identity (e.g., Hecht, Collier, & Ribeau, 1993), this study examines how immigrants living in the United States negotiate multiple dimensions of their identities. A thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 17 immigrants from 16 countries explores what identity gaps exist for immigrants in the contemporary United States. Findings suggest that several identity gaps permeate immigrants' lived experience, including personal-enacted, personal-relational, enacted-relational, communal-relational, personal-communal, and enacted-communal gaps. Specific attention is paid to how these gaps are expressed differently by different immigrants.
Comparison of two treatment methods on the purification of shrimp polyphenol oxidase

The effects of different stirring time and two treatment methods (salt and organic solvent) on the recovery of shrimp polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were investigated. Stirring for 30 min yielded maximal PPO recovery. With respect to PPO specific activity, yield and purification fold enhancement, the use of butanol treatment followed by Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B chromatography was shown to be better than ammonium sulphate fractionation and then Phenyl Sepharose chromatography. White shrimp PPO was more susceptible than pink shrimp PPO to inactivation during purification. © 1997 SCI.
Deletions of mitochondrial DNA in Kearns‐Sayre syndrome

We have identified large-scale deletions in muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in seven of seven patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). We found no detectable deletions in the mtDNA of ten non-KSS patients with other mitochondrial myopathies or encephalomyopathies, or three normal controls. The deletions ranged in size from 2.0 to 7.0 kb, and did not localize to any single region of the mitochondrial genome. The proportion of mutated genomes in each KSS patient ranged from 45% to 75% of total mtDNA. There was no correlation between the size or site of the deletion, biochemical abnormality of mitochondrial enzymes, or clinical severity. The data bolster arguments that KSS is a unique disorder and genetic in origin.
Preventive replacement in systems with dependent components

A multicomponent series system includes a component which deteriorates over time, changing its operating characteristics and, consequently, increasing the failure rates of neighboring components. Preventive replacement of the deteriorating component can be beneficial. Replacement policies that include inspecting the deteriorating component at system failure instances and replacing it if the deterioration exceeds a critical level, or continuously monitoring the deteriorating component are considered. The system is modeled as a Markov chain solved by an efficient algorithm that exploits the system structure. For a two-component system, a closed-form equation gives the critical level for the minimum-average-cost failure-replacement policy. For the general case, replacement policies are evaluated by mean cost rate and by the ratio of the reduction in the number of failures to the number of preventive replacements. >
Quiver diagrams and signed adaptive filters

A graphical technique for exploring the behavior of deterministic discrete time adaptive algorithms excited by periodic inputs is examined. The constraint to periodic inputs is convenient; the underlying concepts used also apply to stationary inputs drawn from finite alphabets. The resulting graph is based on plotting single-period parameter trajectories in the parameter error space and is essentially a discrete version of flow diagrams associated with continuous-time systems. For the least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive FIR filter with the algorithm step size sufficiently small, the change of adapted parameters from a particular initial value is given by the total update over the input period with the parameterization frozen at its initial value. This results in the familiar elliptical hyperparaboloid-surface steepest-descent interpretation. This method can be extended to the LMS adaptive infinite-input-response (IIR) filter with suitable approximations based on a small step size. >
Anisotropic geometrical-spreading correction for wide-azimuth P-wave reflections

Compensation for geometrical spreading along a raypath is one of the key steps in AVO amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis, in particular, for wide-azimuth surveys. Here, we propose an efficient methodology to correct long-spread, wide-azimuth reflection data for geometrical spreading in stratified azimuthally anisotropic media. The P-wave geometrical-spreading factor is expressed through the reflection traveltime described by a nonhyperbolic moveout equation that has the same form as in VTI transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis media. The adapted VTI equation is parameterized by the normal-moveout NMO ellipse and the azimuthally varying anellipticity parameter. To estimate the moveout parameters, we apply a 3D nonhyperbolic semblance algorithm of Vasconcelos and Tsvankin that operates simultaneously with traces at all offsets and azimuths. The estimated moveout parameters are used as the input in our geometrical-spreading computation. Numerical tests for models composed of orthorhombic layers with strong, depthvarying velocity anisotropy confirm the high accuracy of our travetime-fitting procedure and, therefore, of the geometricalspreading correction. Because our algorithm is based entirely on the kinematics of reflection arrivals, it can be incorporated readily into the processing flow of azimuthal AVO analysis. In combination with the nonhyperbolic moveout inversion, we apply our method to wide-azimuth P-wave data collected at the Weyburn field in Canada. The geometrical-spreading factor for the reflection from the top of the fractured reservoir is clearly influenced by azimuthal anisotropy in the overburden, which should cause distortions in the azimuthal AVO attributes. This case study confirms that the azimuthal variation of the geometrical-spreading factor often is comparable to or exceeds that of the reflection coefficient.
Design of An Ultra Wideband Transmitter in 0.18μm 3D Silicon on Insulator CMOS

The three-dimensional (3D) integration of silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers has provided us with a tremendous opportunity for ultra-high density, high performance and low-power integrated circuits. We present in this paper an ultra wideband transmitter fabricated in a fully depleted 3D SOI technology. It operates below 960 MHz with small ominidirectional antennas, such as a dipole.
Children in an Aging Society

HE proportion old in the U.S. population will increase rapidly as the baby boom cohorts pass age 65 between 2010 and 2030. Anticipating this aging of the population, a great deal of attention is now focused on questions related to how well the needs of old people will be met. There seems to be no end to the literature dealing with the challenges of meeting the income, health care, and caregiving needs of the burgeoning population of older people. Although less discussed, population aging also is likely to have signifi cant implications for children and their wellbeing. In this article, I begin to explore how changes in the size and composition of the older population between 2010 and 2030 in the United States may be connected to the experience of children. The article is divided into fi ve parts. The fi rst two sections provide a necessary background for examining the implications of population aging for children over the next several decades. First, a demographic perspective on changing age distributions is provided. As the proportion of the population older than 65 years increases from 13% to 19% over the two decades following 2010, how will the proportion under age 20 change? The second section draws attention to the large and growing inequality among children in the United States: the gap between most privileged and least privileged children. The implications of population aging for children are not uniform across these different segments of the child population. The remainder of the article considers three possible ways in which population aging could be connected to the experience of children. These connections involve state resources available for investment in children, grandparent resources available to children, and involvement of older people in directly meeting needs of children not related to them by kinship.
Representing South Asian alterity? East London's Asian electronic music scene and the articulation of globally mediated identities:

In the years since the London tube bombings, popular depictions of British Asians have been increasingly `othered' at best, and stereotyped as dangerous terrorists at worst. Asian self-representation continues to be a critically-needed intervention. East London's Asian electronic music scene serves as a means to represent the voices of young urban British Asians, attempting to bring them from peripheral alterity and render them visible in mainstream British popular culture. The music, which blends synthesized electronic music with South Asian musical stylings, has brought musicians from both the South Asian diaspora and the subcontinent to perform in `Banglatown', East London. These regular globalized performances of the scene, an aspect rarely investigated, have challenged locally bounded British Asian identities.
Secure Communications via Cooperative Jamming in Two-Hop Relay Systems

This paper proposes a cooperative jamming strategy for two-hop relay networks where the eavesdropper can wiretap the relay channels in both hops. The problems of jamming beamformer design and power allocation are investigated jointly for two scenarios where the eavesdropper has either a single or multiple antennas, with the assumption that the global channel state information (CSI) is available. Under a constraint that the jamming signal lies in a subspaces orthogonal to the channels to legitimate nodes, we derive closed-form solutions for the jamming beamformers. Based on these results, we find the optimal solution for power allocation via geometric programming.
Modeling of modulation-doped multiple-quantum-well structures in applied electric fields using the transfer-matrix technique

Modulation-doped and intrinsic multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures under applied electric fields are investigated using the transfer-matrix technique (TMT). A method for locating quasi-eigenvalue energies is introduced and compared to traditional techniques on the basis of the occupation probability and transmission coefficient. Electron and heavy-hole energy quasi-eigenvalues and wave functions are calculated for modulation-doped and intrinsic quantum wells. The upper subbands of the two cases are found to vary significantly from one another in the presence of applied electric fields. The TMT is demonstrated to be a versatile method for modeling MQW structures under linear and nonlinear electric fields. >
Gas adsorption and capillary condensation in nanoporous alumina films.

Gas adsorption and capillary condensation of organic vapors are studied by optical interferometry, using anodized nanoporous alumina films with controlled geometry (cylindrical pores with diameters in the range of 10-60 nm). The optical response of the film is optimized with respect to the geometric parameters of the pores, for potential performance as a gas sensor device. The average thickness of the adsorbed film at low relative pressures is not affected by the pore size. Capillary evaporation of the liquid from the nanopores occurs at the liquid-vapor equilibrium described by the classical Kelvin equation with a hemispherical meniscus. Due to the almost complete wetting, we can quantitatively describe the condensation for isopropanol using the Cohan model with a cylindrical meniscus in the Kelvin equation. This model describes the observed hysteresis and allows us to use the adsorption branch of the isotherm to calculate the pore size distribution of the sample in good agreement with independent structural measurements. The condensation for toluene lacks reproducibility due to incomplete surface wetting. This exemplifies the relevant role of the fluid-solid (van der Waals) interactions in the hysteretic behavior of capillary condensation. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Examination of a Hazing Workshop Intervention for Intercollegiate Sport Club Athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an interactive, educational workshop on hazing knowledge, intentions to haze and intentions to prevent hazing. Components of the workshop included discussion on hazing definitions, prevalence, causes, consequences, and prevention. Nineteen sport club officers at a midsize university served as the intervention group and a convenience sample of 44 sport club student-athletes served as a control group. Hazing knowledge increased among workshop attendees and workshop attendees had greater hazing knowledge before and after the intervention in comparison with the control group who received no intervention. However, intentions to haze and the intentions to prevent hazing did not differ among groups. The intervention group increased their knowledge of where to report hazing acts and attitudes toward alternative activities to hazing. Recommendations for future research and hazing interventions for administrators are provided.
On ray tracing parametric surfaces

A new method for ray tracing parametric surfaces is presented. The new algorithm solves the ray surface intersection directly using multivariate Newton iteration. This provides enough generality to render surfaces which could not be ray traced using existing methods. To overcome the problem of finding a starting point for the Newton algorithm, techniques from Interval Analysis are employed. The results are presented in terms of solving a general nonlinear system of equations f(x)= 0, and thus can be extended to a large class of problems which arise in computer graphics.
iii) Benign fibrous and fibrohistiocytic lesions of bone

Benign bone tumours pose a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Unlike primary malignant bone tumours which are referred to tertiary centres for sophisticated multimodal treatment protocols, benign tumours of bone are often treated by community orthopaedic surgeons. Although relatively rare, representing approximately 25% of primary bone tumours, they encompass a wide variety of lesions. These tumours are classified according to the histological appearance and pattern of differentiation, i.e. chondrogenic, osteogenic, or fibrogenic. In addition, they may arise from vascular or neurogenic elements and some are of unknown origin. Moreover, the conditions that simulate bone tumours must also be considered due to the confusion they cause in diagnosis and treatment. Management varies with the natural history and aggressiveness of the lesion according to the surgical staging system of the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society. The greatest therapeutic challenge occurs with aggressive benign lesions and benign tumours occurring in inaccessible sites. In this timely symposium the diagnosis and treatment of benign tumours of bone is reviewed by an international panel of orthopaedic oncological surgeons who are recognized experts in the field. There is a broad spectrum of benign fibrous and fibrohistiocytic tumours of bone. These tumours are usually composed of spindle cells, with the majority producing a collagenous matrix. Fibrohistiocytic lesions may or may not produce a collagenous matrix. This section will cover the clinical, radiographic and microscopic findings, as well as an overview of the treatment principles for these conditions.
Nymue, the Chief Lady of the Lake, in Malory's Le Morte Darthur

THE account of Merlin's disappearance from the world most often repeated is that he was imprisoned by the woman he loved after having taught her all the magic art that she desired to know. All the major versions in medieval literature, except the Vulgate Merlin Sequel, identify the woman in question as the Lady of the Lake,I and all but the Prophecies de Merlin provide another name as well, written with several spellings that seem to be scribal variations of each other.2 It has become convenient to call the Lady of the Lake "Niniane" as she appears in the Vulgate Lancelot and the Suite du Merlin, "Viviane" in the Vulgate Sequel, and "Nymue" in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur.3 As the object of Merlin's fatal love the Lady of the Lake has achieved notoriety, but it is necessary to remind readers that she is by no means generally represented in medieval fiction as evil and that her place in Arthurian legend is not confined to being the cause of Merlin's disappearance. Malory's Nymue especially does not fit the label "wiley temptress" inevitably applied to Merlin's lover, and even more than her counterparts is worth being recognized in the fullness of the roles given her. Although scholars have not been blind to Nymue's presence in Le Morte Darthur, the attention has been incidental. After the last generation of sorting out issues, Malory criticism can now afford, among other things, to peer at Malory's echelon of minor characters as something besides clues to sources, chronology, biography, or unity. Those who appraise Le Morte Darthur for its storytelling should benefit from an ampler acquaintance with Nymue, for she is a sturdy, memorable adjunct in the supporting cast that enriches this work's narrative world. The focus of tte present essay, then, is Nymue, its object to define what she is like, viewed not merely in the
Forging International University Partnerships: One Approach

In a previous article (Etling & McGirr, 2005) the authors identified and discussed a number of issues with partnerships between U.S. universities and institutions in other countries. These partnerships have often been problematic. The purpose of this article, a model-building case study, is to describe one approach to forming such partnerships. This approach consists of a process that grew out of the conclusions in that previous article. Those conclusions were combined with 1) a review of literature on partnerships and coalitions and 2) opinions of a panel of experts. Experts were questioned by e-mail to determine key questions and issues that should be addressed during partnership formation. From the three sources, guidelines for building partnerships were developed, organized into a Partnership Exploration Instrument, and then tested with six different institutions in five different countries.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from black grouper, Mycteroperca bonaci (Teleostei: Serranidae)

Many groupers in the western Atlantic are vulnerable to overfishing, and appropriate management requires knowledge of the population structure of these fish. To this end microsatellite markers were developed from black grouper, Mycteroperca bonaci, using an enrichment procedure. Five loci with levels of polymorphism ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 were selected. These markers also proved to be useful in scamp, M. phenax; red grouper, Epinephelus morio; and goliath grouper, E. itajara. Conformation to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed except for heterozygote deficiencies noted for E. morio at two of the loci used for this species.
A holistic multidisciplinary approach to teaching software engineering through air traffic control

Software engineering is a highly multidisciplinary effort that plays a core role in today's complex systems of systems. Students need breadth and depth exposure to classroom projects based on substantial real-world problems, but in a way that is manageable for them and the instructor. This work showcases a holistic approach to an extensive, student-friendly Java simulation architecture for an air-traffic-control system. It addresses weaknesses and preconceived notions among students to help them understand, define, connect, manipulate, and evaluate the endless dots among vast, complex resources in an intentionally unfamiliar problem domain.
Glucose-induced transmigration of monocytes is linked to phosphorylation of PECAM-1 in cultured endothelial cells

The adherence of circulating monocytes to the endothelium, their migration into the subendothelium, and the subsequent formation of foam cells are initial events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the effect of hyperglycemia on the transendothelial migration of monocytes is not known. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in a Transwell chamber to 25 mM D-glucose (a concentration representing a hyperglycemic state) for 2 h resulted in a twofold increase in the migration of vitamin D3-differentiated monocyte-like HL-60 cells. The migration was inhibited by addition of either an antibody to platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or a protein kinase C inhibitor, GF-109203X. In HUVEC, high concentrations of D-glucose (25 mM), but not of other sugars such as L-glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, D-galactose, or D-mannitol, caused a sevenfold increase in the phosphorylation of PECAM-1 as a result of activation of protein kinase C. The 25 mM D-glucose-induced PECAM-1 phosphorylation and transmigration of monocyte-like HL-60 cells were further increased by treatment of HUVEC with the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A. These results suggest that direct phosphorylation of PECAM-1 in response to elevated glucose promotes transendothelial migration of monocytes, contributing to accelerated atherogenesis in diabetics.
A Tale of the Rise of Law: Geoffrey of Monmouth’s the History of the Kings of Britain

Geoffrey of Monmouth’s The History of the Kings of Britain is a tale of the rise of law, suggesting that there can be no Britain without law — indeed, that Britain, like all nation-state constructs, was law, or at least a complex network of interrelated processes and procedures that we might call law. During an age with multiple sources of legal authority in Britain, The History treats law as sovereign unto itself in order to create a narrative of order and stability. This article examines the way Geoffrey establishes the primacy of law. It uses the language-based, utilitarian methodologies of John Austin, who treats law as an expression of a command issued by a sovereign and followed by a polis, and whose jurisprudence enables twenty-first-century readers to understand Geoffrey’s narrative as a response to monarchical succession and emerging common law. The first section of this article briefly explains Austin’s jurisprudence and provides historical context for The History. The second section considers The History in terms of uniform and rational justice in the twelfth-century, situating Geoffrey’s jurisprudence alongside that of Ranulf de Glanvill and analyzing the complex relationships between sovereignty, law, polis, and nation state.
Four Children and Yale: The Making of a Human Geneticist: The Grover Powers Lecture 2014

Dr. Leon E. Rosenberg delivered the following presentation as the Grover Powers Lecturer on May 14, 2014, which served as the focal point of his return to his “adult home” as a Visiting Professor in the Department of Pediatrics. Grover F. Powers, MD, was one of the most influential figures in American Pediatrics and certainly the leader who created the modern Department of Pediatrics at Yale when he was recruited in 1921 from Johns Hopkins and then served as its second chairman from 1927 to 1951. Dr. Powers was an astute clinician and compassionate physician and fostered and shaped the careers of countless professors, chairs, and outstanding pediatricians throughout the country. This lectureship has continued yearly since it first honored Dr. Powers in 1956. The selection of Dr. Rosenberg for this honor recognizes his seminal role at Yale and throughout the world in the fostering and cultivating of the field of human genetics. Dr. Rosenberg served as the inaugural Chief of a joint Division of Medical Genetics in the Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine; he became Chair when this attained Departmental status. Then he served as Dean of the Medical School from 1984 to 1991, before he became President of the Pharmaceutical Research Institute at Bristol-Myers Squibb and later Senior Molecular Biologist and Professor at Princeton University, until his recent retirement. Dr. Rosenberg has received numerous honors that include the Borden Award from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the McKusick Leadership Award from the American Society for Human Genetics, and election to the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences.
Individuals with severe mental illnesses have improved eating behaviors and cooking skills after attending a 6-week nutrition cooking class.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed current meal planning/cooking behaviors and dietary intake of individuals with severe mental illnesses and determined differences after a 6-week nutrition education cooking class. METHOD Eighteen individuals with severe mental illnesses participated in a 6-week nutrition education cooking class and completed pre- and posttest 24-hr recalls and a postretrospective survey. Paired samples t tests were used. RESULTS Participants met their calories needs, but they consumed high amounts of sodium and fat and low amounts of fiber. Significant increases in calcium, vitamin D, grains, and fruit occurred from pre- to posttest (p < .05). Self-efficacy in cooking and grocery shopping skills improved. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Participants desire nutrition education programming that includes simple messages, hands-on cooking demonstrations, and health-related incentives. More research is needed to determine how nutrition education programs lead to sustained knowledge and behavior change within this specialized population.
Sociocultural Influences of Prodevelopment Soap Operas in the Third World

(1992). Sociocultural Influences of Prodevelopment Soap Operas in the Third World. Journal of Popular Film and Television: Vol. 19, Theme Issue: The International Agenda in Popular Film and Television, pp. 157-164.
‘The Event That Shook the Whole World Up’: Historicizing the 1983 Pan-American Games Doping Scandal

AbstractIn August of 1983 at the Pan-American Games in Caracas, Venezuela, a multi-faceted doping crisis occurred that overshadowed all other aspects of the games. This essay marks the first attempt to historicize the events surrounding this watershed moment in the fight against drug use in sport. Doping was revealed in three ways in Caracas: by the large number of positive tests that resulted in the first loss to doping of medals in the history of the Pan-American Games, by the exodus of the 12 American track and field athletes who flew home rather than be subject to testing in the sophisticated lab run by Dr Manfred Donike, and by a rash of ‘injuries’ and unexpectedly poor performances that kept athletes out of the medals and thus out of Donike’s lab. In the aftermath of the games, the United States Olympic Committee implemented new policies to ensure that Americans competing in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games would not run the risk of similar public embarrassment.
Central spindle self-organization and cytokinesis in artificially activated sea urchin eggs

The ability of microtubules of the mitotic apparatus to control the positioning and initiation of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis was first established from studies on early echinoderm embryos. However, the identity of the microtubule population that imparts cytokinetic signaling is unclear. The two main––and not necessarily mutually exclusive––candidates are the central spindle and the astral rays. In the present study, we examined cytokinesis in ammonia-activated sea urchin eggs, which lack paternally derived centrosomes and undergo mitosis mediated by unusual anastral, bipolar mini-spindles. Live cell imaging and immunolabeling for microtubules and the centralspindlin constituent and kinesin-related protein, MKLP1, demonstrated that furrowing in ammonia-activated eggs was associated with aligned arrays of centralspindlin-linked, opposed bundles of antiparallel microtubules. These autonomous, zipper-like arrays were not associated with a mitotic apparatus, but did possess characteristics similar ...
Non-native perception of regionally accented speech in a multitalker context

Noisy listening conditions are challenging to non-native listeners who typically perform poorly while attending to several competing talkers. This study examined whether nonnative listeners are able to utilize dialect-related cues in the target and in the masking speech, even if they do not reach the proficiency level of the native listeners. 35 Indonesian-English bilinguals residing in the United States were presented with speech stimuli from two American English dialects, General American English and Southern American English, which were systematically varied both in the target sentences and in 2-talker masking babble at three sound-to-noise ratios (SNR). We found that the non-native listeners were (1) sensitive to dialect-specific phonetic details in speech of competing talkers and (2) performed in a manner similar to native listeners despite their apparent deficit. However, their performance differed significantly when the speech levels of the competing talkers were equal (0 dB SNR). The differential sensitivity of non-native listeners may reflect their inability to separate utterances of competing talkers when there is not enough contrast in their voice levels. In turn, the lack of sufficient contrast may reduce their ability to benefit from the phonetic-acoustic details necessary to encode the signal and comprehend a message.
Trafficked teachers: Sucking educator labor across borders

From India, Jamaica, and the Philippines to Atlanta, New York, and Baltimore, among others: teachers are recruited by for-profit agencies to teach in U.S. schools, filling temporary positions in pr...
Multimodality Therapy in Patients With Borderline Resectable or Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Importance of Locoregional Therapies for a Systemic Disease

Historically, the clinical staging of pancreatic cancer has centered on the surgical management of the primary tumor, because few effective chemotherapeutic agents were available and long-term survival was only achieved in the context of surgical resection. Such a strategy of complete oncologic surgical care is reasonable when surgery is both the principal therapy and highly effective. However, complex surgery for pancreatic cancer—often performed in older patients after a lengthy period of induction therapy—can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer present either locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. In this article, we will discuss the role of multimodality management of patients with borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Considering that surgery has a modest impact on the natural history of pancreatic cancer in most patients, a neoadjuvant approach to treatment sequencing is favored for ...
A half-rate 100 Gb/s injection-locked clock/data recovery circuit

A 100 Gb/s clock/data recovery circuit using a high-speed BiCMOS process is designed and simulated. In this circuit a half-rate 50 GHz clock signal, injected in parallel with the tail current of an LC VCO, locks to a 100 Gb/s input NRZ data signal. Inductive tuning for the frequency tuning of the VCO is employed, which gives a wide frequency tuning range while maintaining a constant quality factor.