cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Trading of Equities: A Robust Control Paradigm

The objective of this paper is describe a new paradigm for the trading of equities. In our formulation, the control corresponds to a feedback law which modulates the amount invested I(t) in stock over time. The controller also includes a saturation limit Imax corresponding to a limit on the value at risk. The admissible stock price evolution p(t) over time is modelled as a family P of uncertain inputs against which we seek robust returns. Motivated by the fact that back-testing of candidate trading strategies involves significant cost and effort associated with computational simulation over sufficiently diverse markets, our paradigm involves the notion of synthetic prices and some idealizations involving the volatility of prices and trading liquidity. Our point of view is that a robust performance certification in this somewhat idealized market setting serves as a filter to determine if a trading strategy is worthy of the considerable time and expense associated with full-scale back-testing. The paper also includes a description of a so-called saturation reset controller. This controller is used to illustrate how the model works in practice and the attainment of robustness objectives over various sub-classes of P.
The centromere structure in Robertsonian wheat-rye translocation chromosomes indicates that centric breakage-fusion can occur at different positions within the primary constriction.

Univalent chromosomes at meiotic metaphase I have a tendency to misdivide at the centromeres. Fusion of the misdivision products may produce Robertsonian translocations. The fine structure of the centromeres in Robertsonian wheat-rye translocation chromosomes was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using two centromere-specific DNA clones: pRCS1, derived from rice, and pAWRC1, derived from rye. Clone pRCS1 hybridizes to the centromeres of all grasses including wheat and rye, whereas clone pAWRC1 is rye specific and hybridizes only to the centromeres of rye. Four of the six wheat-rye translocations derived from a single centric misdivision event (1st generation translocations) had hybrid centromeres, with approximately half of the centromere derived from rye and half from wheat. In the two other 1st generation translocations, the entire centromere was derived from rye. Among eight reconstructed wheat and rye chromosomes that originated from two consecutive centric misdivision-fusion events (2nd generation translocations), T1BS·1BL (derived from T1BS·1RL and T1RS·1BL) and one of three T2BS·2BL (derived from T2RS·2BL and T2BS·2RL) had hybrid centromeres. T1RS·1RL (derived from T1BS·1RL and T1RS·1BL), two of three T2BS·2BL, and all three T2RS·2RL (derived from T2RS·2BL and T2BS·2RL) had rye centromeres. All three 3rd generation translocations had hybrid centromeres with approximately half of the centromere derived from rye. There were no indications that the composite structure of the centromere in these chromosomes affected their behavior in mitosis or meiosis. These observations support the notion of a compound structure of the centromere in higher organisms, and indicate that during the centric breakage-fusion event, centromere breakage may occur in different positions along the segment of the chromosome that interacts with the spindle fibers. Normal behavior of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation centric translocations in mitosis and meiosis indicates that, at least in wheat and rye, centromeres are not chromosome specific.
Bringing up robot: Fundamental mechanisms for creating a self-motivated, self-organizing architecture

In this paper we propose an intrinsic developmental algorithm that is designed to allow a mobile robot to incrementally progress through levels of increasingly sophisticated behavior. We believe that the core ingredients for such a developmental algorithm are abstractions, anticipations, and self-motivations. We describe a multilevel, cascaded discovery and control architecture that includes these core ingredients. As a first step toward implementing the proposed architecture, we explore two novel mechanisms: a governor for automatically regulating the training of a neural network, and a path-planning neural network driven by patterns of “mental states” that represent protogoals.
Neural correlates of exposure to subliminal and supraliminal sexual cues

Sexual arousal is thought to be the result of two levels of processing: conscious and unconscious. Whereas some research exists on the neural correlates related with conscious exposure to sexual stimuli, there are no parallel data regarding unconscious or subliminal exposure to such stimuli. In the present study, we therefore compared brain activation of 39 participants (20 women) as they were exposed to supraliminal vs subliminal sexual stimuli. Supraliminal exposure was associated with greater activation in areas that were previously associated with sexual arousal (e.g. caudate nucleus and thalamus) as well as areas that were previously associated with control (e.g. orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate cortex). In contrast, subliminal exposure was mainly related to activation in areas previously associated with sexual arousal. Men and women exhibited theoretically meaningful differences in patterns of activation associated with supra- and subliminal exposure. Findings are discussed with regard to sexual arousal and regulatory processes.
P Wave Analysis in Coronary Artery Disease: An Electrocardiographic-Angiographic and Hemodynamic Correlation

An electrocardiographic-angiographic-hemodynamic correlation was conducted in 136 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. Eighty-four subjects had coronary artery disease (vessel narrowing greater than 50 percent) and were compared to 52 subjects without significant vessel obstruction (narrowing less than 50 percent). Left atrial enlargement occurred more commonly in subjects with significant coronary artery disease (p> 0.001). Patients with abnormal ventricular contrac tility or ventricular aneurysms had a significantly higher incidence of left atrial enlargement than those with normal contractility (p
What is the Role of Ice in Summer Rain-Showers?.

Abstract Recent observations indicate that ice pellets and snow pellets are present in most convective clouds in the Central United States by the time these clouds reach top temperatures of −10C. The attendant circumstances raise the question of whether the ice plays an active role in rain development in these clouds or whether its presence is purely incidental. The ice pellets are usually preceded by the development of liquid precipitation particles large enough to produce rain by coalescence with cloud droplets. The pellet concentrations are not related to ground-level ice nuclei concentrations. Apparently the pellets form as a result of freezing of the drops, contrary to most laboratory studies of droplet freezing. Observations can be brought into harmony by invoking the droplet splintering measurements of Mason and Maybank. The presence of numerous small ice particles in these clouds at temperatures warmer than −10C casts doubt upon the value of seeding with ice nuclei for rain inducement.
The Siegel Functions and Klein Forms

This chapter is entirely rewritten for the second edition, and follows Kubert-Lang (Units in the Modular Function Field I, Math. Ann, 218 (1975), pp. 67–96; see also “Modular Units”, Springer-Verlag, 1981).
Radioimmunotherapy of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a new treatment modality for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Recent clinical trials have clearly established its efficacy in NHL patients refractory to standard chemotherapy or immunotherapy with the widely used unconjugated rituximab monoclonal antibody (mAb). The Food and Drug Administration has approved (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan anti-B-cell NHL mAb as the first commercially available radiolabeled antibody for cancer therapy. This comes only a few years after the introduction of rituximab into clinical practice as the first unconjugated antibody for cancer treatment, underscoring the success of both immunotherapy and RIT in the treatment of NHL. With the approval of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, and based on the results of numerous clinical trials with radiolabeled anti-B-cell NHL mAbs, RIT promises to become integral to nuclear medicine practice. In this article, the basic concepts of RIT are reviewed with important milestones in its development for B-cell NHL treatment and particular emphasis on phase II and III clinical trials establishing its efficacy in clearly defined patient populations. Finally, the prospects for the expected widespread clinical use of RIT in the management of B-cell NHL, alone or in combination with other more established therapies, are discussed. This article provides both investigative and clinical nuclear medicine physicians with a better understanding of RIT capabilities and limitations in B-cell NHL and their role as consultants in the care of NHL patients.
Initial Validation of the Sleep Disturbances in Pediatric Cancer Model

OBJECTIVE : The current study evaluates content validity of the Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric Cancer (SDPC) model using qualitative and quantitative stakeholder input. METHODS : Parents of children (aged: 3-12 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 20) and medical providers (n = 6) participated in semi-structured interviews about child sleep during cancer treatment. They also rated SDPC model component importance on a 0-4 scale and selected the most relevant sleep-related intervention targets. RESULTS : Qualitatively, parents and providers endorsed that changes in the child's psychosocial, environmental, and biological processes affect sleep. Stakeholders rated most model components (parent: 32 of 40; provider: 39 of 41) as important (>2) to child sleep. Parents were most interested in interventions targeting difficulty falling asleep and providers selected irregular sleep habits/scheduling, though groups did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS : Stakeholders supported SDPC content validity. The model will inform subsequent measure and intervention development focusing on biological and behavioral factors most salient to sleep disturbances in pediatric cancer.
The Association of Level of Care With NICU Quality.

BACKGROUND: Regionalized care delivery purportedly optimizes care to vulnerable very low birth weight (VLBW; METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 21 051 VLBW infants in 134 California NICUs. NICUs designated their level of care according to 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. We assessed quality of care delivery via the Baby-MONITOR, a composite indicator, which combines 9 risk-adjusted measures of quality. Baby-MONITOR scores are measured as observed minus expected performance, expressed in standard units with a mean of 0 and an SD of 1. RESULTS: Wide variation in Baby-MONITOR scores exists across California (mean [SD] 0.18 (1.14), range –2.26 to 3.39). However, level of care was not associated with overall quality scores. Subcomponent analysis revealed trends for higher performance of Level IV NICUs on several process measures, including antenatal steroids and any human milk feeding at discharge, but lower scores for several outcomes including any health care associated infection, pneumothorax, and growth velocity. No other health system or organizational factors including hospital ownership, neonatologist coverage, urban or rural location, and hospital teaching status, were significantly associated with Baby-MONITOR scores. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive assessment of the effect of level of care on quality reveals differential opportunities for improvement and allows monitoring of efforts to ensure that fragile VLBW infants receive care in appropriate facilities.
The zinc content of rat sperm cells from ejaculate, vas, epididymis and testis.

SummaryZinc concentrations are unusually high in rat spermatozoa taken from testis, caudal epididymis and vas, as well as from the ejaculate. This finding supports the view that zinc may play a role in rat fertilization, despite the fact reported by others that the zinc-rich prostatic fluid is not necessary for fertility in that species.
Antidiuretic effects of inactin and pentobarbital in chickens.

Summary1. The present work provides the evidence for the antidiuretic effect of barbiturates in the chicken. 2. Inactin and pentobarbital produce the same level of antidiuretic effect in the chickens if the plane of anesthesia maintained by both drugs is the same.
Effects of omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy and youth on neurodevelopment and cognition in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDLong-chain omega-3 fatty acids are thought to be crucial for optimal neurodevelopment in early life. OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation during pregnancy and in...
Development of Multylayer Chip Inductor and Low Temperature Sintered Ferrites

The developments in multylayer chip inductor and low temperature sintered ferrites, including NiCuZn ferrite, MgCuZn ferrite, Co2Z ferrite, are overviewed. The developing tendency of the low temperature sintered ferrites is predicted.
Design of active power intelligent control system for large clusters of wind power

The dispatching and operation problems of wind power,the power characteristics of wind generation,and the active power control situations of wind farm are analyzed in this paper.A control strategy of active power intelligent control system for large clusters of wind power is proposed.The configuration,function,control strategy rules and control methods of the control system are presented.The control system has been put into operation with effective,the power generating capacity of wind farms are generally improved.The control system implementation not only ensures the development and effective utilization of the green wind energy,but also ensures the safe and stable operation of power grids.
Study on Mutations of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Gene

Objective:To study the mutations of phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH)gene in phenylketonuria(PKU)patients.Methods:Using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with single strand conformation(SSCP)and direct sequencing techniques,exon 3,5,6,7,10,11 and 12 of PAH gene were analyzed in 70 PKU patients from Tianjin and Hebei areas of China.Results:Twenty-six kinds of mutations,including 14 missense mutations,5 nonsense mutations,4 silent mutations,2 splicing junction mutations and 1 deletion mutation,were identified.The DelS70,R176X,R261X,L385L,IVS5nt+lg→a,A165D,G247R,Y325X,G344E and R413G mutations accounted for 38.5% of total mutation patterns(10/26).Conclusion:The mutation of PAH gene has its features in Tianjin and Hebei areas.It has a little difference in frequency of some mutations with those in other areas.
Therapeutic anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies: from bench to bedside

The induction of tolerance is a major goal of immunotherapy. Investigations over the last 20 years have shown that anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) effectively treat autoimmune disease in animal models and have also shown promise in clinical trials. Tolerance induction by anti-CD3 mAbs is related to the induction of Tregs that control pathogenic autoimmune responses. Here, we review preclinical and clinical studies in which intravenous or mucosal administration of anti-CD3 mAbs has been employed and provide an outlook on future developments to enhance the efficacy of this promising therapeutic approach.
Aptamers as functional bionanomaterials for sensor applications

Abstract Biomimetic receptor elements, such as peptide and nucleic acid aptamers, have emerged as a promising new class of functional materials for sensor applications. This review will focus on the discovery and use of aptamers for biosensor applications, starting with the discussion of library display and high-throughput screening techniques used for aptamer discovery and affinity maturation. From there, it will discuss methods for combining aptamers with other biomolecules, synthetic polymers, and nanomaterials to create aptamer-coated sensor surfaces. Next, it will detail examples of how aptamers can augment the capabilities of existing instrumentation by imparting sensitivity and selectivity. Finally, it will discuss examples of functional bionanomaterials which exploit unique phenomena for practical sensor applications. This review will be useful as a broad overview of recent developments in aptamer-based sensor design and implementation.
MechVR: interactive VR motion simulation of "Mech" biped robot

MechVR is an interactive VR/Motion simulator that offers an experience of driving a 3D simulated robot in a custom training world. From the user's perspective, they "enter" the cockpit of a giant motorized biped, and experience an immersive, interactive virtual reality training ride as they drive the simulated robotic machine themselves. The idea is not unlike a flight simulator, but for an imaginary, giant walking, running, and flying robot machine. Under the hood is a custom software base that drives state-of-the-art motion simulation equipment based on a custom user interface. Our research questions include the control and physical fidelity of the virtual robot, and the transfer of the experience into an interactive real-world simulation (hardware) as well as the design of the user experience for this and similar applications, e.g. prototyping amusement park rides, and/or novel arcade-style motion experiences.
MobiSensing: Exploiting Human Mobility for Multi-application Mobile Data Sensing with Low User Intervention

The explosive growth of personal mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and pads) has brought about significant potential distributed sensing resources. However, such resources have not been fully utilized due to two problems: i) mobile device mobility usually is not dedicated to data sensing, and ii) users may not be willing to participate in the data sensing proactively, i.e., move to or wait in a specific area. To address these problems, we propose a sensing system, namely MobiSensing, with a low intervention to device owners. It uses the semi-Markov process to model node mobility for future mobility prediction. While moving around, mobile devices connect to the central task assignment server opportunistically through their owners' daily usage. In each connection, the server predicts the connected device's next connection and its mobility between current and the next connection. Then, the server assigns sensing tasks in this period of time that the node is likely to complete to the node. As a result, no proactive operations or movements are required for device owners, and sensing tasks can be completed passively and efficiently. Trace-driven experiments demonstrate the high successful rate of MobiSensing.
Meeting report: processing, translation, decay – three ways to keep RNA sizzling

This meeting report highlights key trends that emerged from a conference entitled Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation in Plants, which was held 14-15 July 2016, as a satellite meeting of the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Biologists in Austin, Texas. The molecular biology of RNA is emerging as an integral part of the framework for plants' responses to environmental challenges such as drought and heat, hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, light and pathogens. Moreover, the conference illustrated how a multitude of customized and pioneering omics-related technologies are being applied, more and more often in combination, to describe and dissect the complexities of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
Global cerebral ischemia due to circulatory arrest: insights into cellular pathophysiology and diagnostic modalities

Circulatory arrest (CA) remains a major unresolved public health problem in the United States; the annual incidence of which is ~0.50 to 0.55 per 1000 population. Despite seminal advances in therapeutic approaches over the past several decades, brain injury continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after CA. In brief, CA typically results in global cerebral ischemia leading to delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal pyramidal cells as well as in the cortical layers. The dynamic changes occurring in neurons after CA are still unclear, and predicting these neurological changes in the brain still remains a difficult issue. It is hypothesized that the “no-flow” period produces a cytotoxic cascade of membrane depolarization, Ca2+ ion influx, glutamate release, acidosis, and resultant activation of lipases, nucleases, and proteases. Furthermore, during reperfusion injury, neuronal death occurs due to the generation of free radicals by interfering with the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The efficacy of many pharmacological agents for CA patients has often been disappointing, reflecting our incomplete understanding of this enigmatic disease. The primary obstacles to the development of a neuroprotective therapy in CA include uncertainties with regard to the precise cause(s) of neuronal dysfunction and what to target. In this review, we summarize our knowledge of the pathophysiology as well as specific cellular changes in brain after CA and revisit the most important neurofunctional, neuroimaging techniques, and serum biomarkers as potent predictors of neurologic outcome in CA patients.
Patient Satisfaction with Collection of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Routine Care.

Systematic collection of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) during ambulatory clinic visits can enhance communication between patient and provider, and provide the ability to evaluate outcomes of care. Little is known about patient satisfaction of PROM data collection in routine clinical care. To evaluate patient reaction to the routine collection of PROMs in the ambulatory setting. Before all ambulatory clinic visits at our neurological institute, patients electronically complete health status questionnaires. We administered an 8-question patient satisfaction survey to a sample of patients seen across the institute after their clinical visit. Of 343 patients approached, 323 agreed to participate. The majority responded that the questionnaire system was easy to use, was an appropriate length, and benefited their care overall (strongly agree or agree = 92.3%, 87.6%, and 77.3%, respectively). Provider review of the PROMs with the patient during the clinic visit was associated with significantly higher positive responses to all questions, even those regarding logistical aspects of the collection process. There were significant age and race differences in response to perceived benefit: those in the Black/other race category had a markedly lower probability of viewing the process favorably with increasing age. Systematic collection of PROMs via an electronic questionnaire appears to be well accepted by patients. A minority of patients did not feel the questionnaire content applied to their appointment or that the system was a beneficial feature of the clinical practice. The provider can significantly improve the patient’s perception of PROM collection and the patient–physician encounter by reviewing the questionnaire results with the patient.
Evaluating the energy security of electricity interdependence: Perspectives from Morocco

Abstract Much focus has been placed in public policy discourses on defining energy security as independence from reliance on external hydrocarbon fuels. This definition provides little guidance about the benefits and risks to energy security from the integration of electrical power systems across nation-state lines. Instead of assuming energy independence is intrinsically more secure, this paper argues for utilizing a multi-dimensional energy security framework for evaluating electricity integration by evaluating perceptions of the energy security for shallow and deep electricity integration for Morocco. It argues that conceiving of Moroccan policymaker’s energy security goals only in terms of energy independence misunderstands the broader sustainable development and human security context of Morocco’s renewable electricity plans and overlooks its motivations for increasing electricity interdependence. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for global governance geared toward improving the security of transnational grids. First, electricity integration offers numerous energy security benefits, but these benefits could be negated if technological integration lacks a strong political foundation. Second, policymakers should distinguish between dependence and interdependence and prioritize the latter. Third, given the urgency of climate change, pollution, and energy poverty challenges, decision-makers should approach energy security, human security, and sustainable development as inseparable challenges.
Awareness of anti-cancer vaccines among Asian American women with limited English proficiency: An opportunity for improved public health communication

A42 Asian Americans suffer from liver and cervical cancer disparities, both preventable by vaccines. Cancer vaccine awareness in this group has not been described. A survey was conducted in English and 7 Asian languages, crafted to determine awareness of cancer vaccines and knowledge of their targets (n=380 women age 18+, 20% able to speak English well/very well). Among the 34% reporting awareness of cancer vaccines, those with limited English proficiency were less likely to have accurate knowledge of a vaccine against cervical cancer (44 vs 76%); meanwhile, they were more likely to incorrectly believe that vaccines could prevent cancers for which there is no prevention vaccine. Knowledge that liver cancer is vaccine-preventable was low overall. This is the first report on awareness of cervical and liver cancer preventive vaccines in a diverse sample of Asian American women. Public health communication efforts should address knowledge of cancer preventive vaccines among linguistically isolated at-risk communities.
A Hopeless Cause? American Involvement in the Somali Civil War

The continent of Africa has been plagued with violence since the time of European colonization. Once independence was granted to many African countries, the violence worsened as competing warlords engaged in armed struggles for power. It is the citizens of these countries that suffer the most, especially when man-made famines are used to create compliance. Somalia is an example of an African country wrought with civil war that gained the attention and the aid of the international community. The United States had a large role in the humanitarian assistance that went to Somalia, beginning with President George H.W. Bush and ending with President William J. Clinton's administration. Somalia was not enthusiastic in welcoming United Nations assistance, particularly from the United States, which continually underestimated the resolve of the Somalis to take control of their own affairs. While the intentions of the United States in Somalia were based on helping those who could not help themselves, the American political and military leaders failed to gain a sense of the cultural issues valued by the Somali people. The approach used in Somalia by the United States, via the United Nations, was another example of the United States believing it would be able to solve what was ultimately an insolvable problem.
SHARD: spherical harmonic-based robust outlier detection for HARDI methods

High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) models are used to capture complex intra-voxel microarchitectures. The magnetic resonance imaging sequences that are sensitized to diffusion are often highly accelerated and prone to motion, physiologic, and imaging artifacts. In diffusion tensor imaging, robust statistical approaches have been shown to greatly reduce these adverse factors without human intervention. Similar approaches would be possible with HARDI methods, but robust versions of each distinct HARDI approach would be necessary. To avoid the computational and pragmatic burdens of creating individual robust HARDI analysis variants, we propose a robust outlier imputation model to mitigate outliers prior to traditional HARDI analysis. This model uses a weighted spherical harmonic fit of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans to estimate the values which had been corrupted during acquisition to restore them. Briefly, spherical harmonics of 6th order were used to generate basis function which were weighted by diffusion signal for detection of outliers. For validation, a single healthy volunteer was scanned for a single session comprising of two scans one without head movement and the other with deliberate head movement at a b-value of 3000 s/mm2 with 64 diffusion weighted directions with a single b0 (5 averages) per scan. The deliberate motion from the volunteer created natural artifacts in the acquisition of one of the scans. The imputation model shows reduction in root mean squared error of the raw signal intensities and improvement for the HARDI method Q-ball in terms of the Angular Correlation Coefficient. The results reveal that there is quantitative and qualitative improvement. The proposed model can be used as general pre-processing model before implementing any HARDI model in general to restore the artifacts which are created because of the outlier diffusion signal in certain gradient volumes.
A Perspective on the Strategy of Intelligence

In writings on and discussions of bioterrorism prevention and control over the past two-plus decades, the subject of intelligence has received limited attention. This chapter is intended to provide a foundation for either scholars or others newly interested, and government and military program managers and decision makers interested in establishing a new program or developing a fledgling one. It could also be used to catalyze tailored studies, as well. A broader approach to this topic has been used to provide as much information as possible to not only inform and educate, but enable further analysis, discussion and action which the reader can tailor to their own respective interests, further research, goals, objectives and outcomes. It is not written to direct the reader on a specific path or to a specific end point. The objectives of this chapter are: provide a broad foundation of intelligence and its value to countering bioterrorism and bioproliferation; identify some critical challenges; describe how national security and law enforcement leverage each other and other organizations which have necessary expertise, resources, authorities and information; frame and illustrate intelligence gathering, analysis and use to counter bioterrorism or bioproliferation through examples and plausible scenarios; to stimulate thought, questions, discussion and engagement as one looks at one’s own national or collaborative multilateral programs; and, introduce possible “next steps”, which could include NATO assuming leadership to craft and guide follow-up engagements specifically on this topic.
Online instruction in large scale sport sociology courses: A collective autoethnography

Four instructors reflect on teaching large scale online sport sociology courses at a major Midwestern public research university in the Trump era. We provide an autoethnographic perspective from the perspective of one faculty member, one doctoral candidate, one doctoral student, and one first year doctoral student of some happy surprises as well as major and common pitfalls in attempting to engage and teach undergraduate students in critical analysis of sport through two separate courses with enrollments of 750 each. We also reflect on the role of the institution and the role of the instructor as they complement and contradict each other. This includes our engagement in course group-discussion assignments with students who represent a range of political standpoints and our attempts to support underrepresented students in those class discussions.
Lambda light chain predominance as a sign of emerging lymphoma

Immunohistologic methods can be used to help differentiate inflammatory from neoplastic lymphoid proliferations in extranodal sites. The majority of B-lymphocytes in an inflammatory process should show surface or cytoplasmic staining for kappa light chains, reflecting the normal human kappa:lambda ratio of approximately 2:1. If a benign-appearing lesion is found to contain predominantly lambda-positive cells, this may be a sign of an emerging lymphoma. The principle is illustrated by a case report of a lymphoid "pseudotumor" of the orbit that showed a polyclonal staining pattern with a predominance of lambda-positive cells and subsequently developed into a lymphoma-producing IgM lambda.
Folding up and Moving on—Nascent Protein Folding on the Ribosome

All cellular proteins are synthesized by the ribosome, an intricate molecular machine that translates the information of protein coding genes into the amino acid alphabet. The linear polypeptides synthesized by the ribosome must generally fold into specific three-dimensional structures to become biologically active. Folding has long been recognized to begin before synthesis is complete. Recently, biochemical and biophysical studies have shed light onto how the ribosome shapes the folding pathways of nascent proteins. Here, we discuss recent progress that is beginning to define the role of the ribosome in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides.
Changing patterns of hospice and end of life care.

e21516Background: The number of hospice providers has increased in recent years. We assessed how hospice and end of life care has changed among ovarian cancer (OC) patients in Texas 2000-2012. Meth...
Language Performance in Preschool-Aged Boys with Nonsyndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder or Fragile X Syndrome

In the present study, language performance on standardized assessments (e.g., overall verbal performance, receptive and expressive vocabulary) and spontaneous language produced in play was compared between preschool-aged boys with autism spectrum disorder (nASD, n = 25) and boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS, n = 16). At the group-level, we observed weaknesses in the language skills of boys with nASD relative to those with FXS (e.g., when considering raw score performance, standard score performance relative to nonverbal cognitive skills, frequency of talk in play), after controlling for nonverbal IQ and ASD symptom severity. Moreover, although individually most children in both groups demonstrated language delays relative to CA-expectations, language delays relative to nonverbal level-expectations were more common in boys with nASD.
Fluid capture during exhumation of subducted lithologies: A fluid inclusion study from Sifnos, Greece

Abstract We present phase equilibria modeling, combined with fluid inclusion microthermometry and textural observations, to constrain the composition and relative timing of subduction zone fluid-rock interaction during exhumation of two garnet-bearing blueschists from the northern part of the island of Sifnos, Greece. Water (H2O) from seawater was incorporated into the mafic lithologies by low-temperature water-rock interaction to produce hydrous phases, and was subsequently released during the subduction and exhumation cycle. Coupled phase equilibria modeling and textural observations suggest that fluid release resulted from the breakdown of the hydrous phases epidote and glaucophane, and some of the fluid was trapped as fluid inclusions in quartz. Homogenization temperatures and isochores of fluid inclusions are consistent with petrographic observations that suggest fluid inclusions were trapped during exhumation. Constructed isochores cross the inferred P-T path for Sifnos exhumation at pressures of ~0.3–1.0 GPa (~10–30 km depth) and temperatures of ~440–540 °C, suggesting fluid entrapment during the late stages of exhumation and cooling from peak subduction depths of ~70 km. The fluid inclusions have salinities of ~30–35 wt% NaCl equivalent, likely resulting from a multi-stage process that involves an increase in salinity during formation of hydrous minerals during subduction, leaving high salinity fluids and/or halide salts sequestered in pores. This is followed by the partial release of H2O during subsequent breakdown of high-pressure metamorphic phases, with later incorporation of H2O into newly forming retrograde phases. Portions of this fluid that interacted with earlier-formed saline fluids are now preserved as inclusions trapped in quartz. This interpretation suggests that fluid-rock interaction in the northern part of Sifnos occurred in a closed system, with a low water to rock mass ratio (~0.03 to ~0.05) and little to no infiltration of externally-derived lower salinity fluids. The closed system behavior is consistent with the observation that the blueschist unit is bounded by impermeable marble layers that limited exchange with external fluids during burial and/or exhumation.
Wealth, Responsibility, and Equity: Exploring an Allocation Framework for Global GHG Emissions

The need to develop a framework for allocatingnational GHG emissions based on ‘rights to theatmosphere’ is increasingly pressing since aresolution of the issues surrounding these rights arelikely to be a precondition not only for moving beyondthe Kyoto Protocol, but even for effectiveimplementation of its Articles. This paper exploressome possible variations of a framework that isderived from the principles of the Climate Convention. It takes into account differences among countries interms of their current and historical greenhouse gasemissions, the attributes that contribute to thesedifferences, and the capabilities for contributing tothe achievement of the Convention's objectives. Furthermore, it is suggested that such a frameworkshould be designed so as to decouple the allocationissue from the deliberations over a suitable GHGconcentration stabilization target or global emissionscap. Such an approach could help achieve results inthe short to mid term without waiting for resolutionof the complex debate on the desirable level ofstabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in theatmosphere.Sample explorations with carbon dioxide emissions dataindicate that the framework presented here can beparticularly favorable to the least-developedcountries. This is appropriate since these countrieshave not contributed substantially to the enhancedgreenhouse effect, but may be quite vulnerable to theimpacts of a changing climate, and lack thecapabilities to mitigate adverse impacts or adapt asneeded. Equally importantly, the framework alsodifferentiates between industrialized countries on thebasis of their current income and historicalemissions. The implementation of such a framework inconjunction with an emissions trading scheme may offeran appropriate path towards meeting the objectives ofthe Climate Convention.
Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73)

Ecto-5′-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5′-monophosphate to ...
Drought, Hurricane, or Wildfire? Assessing the Trump Administration’s Anti-Science Disaster

We describe the Trump Administration as an “anti-science disaster” and approach study of the phenomenon as other disaster researchers might study the impacts of a drought, hurricane, or wildfire. An important, but rare, element of disaster research is identification of baseline data that allow scientific assessment of changes in social and natural systems. We describe three potential baselines for assessing the nature and impact of Trump’s anti-science rhetoric and (in)action on science, science policy, and politics.
Conceptualizing and measuring patriarchy: The importance of feminist theory

‘Patriarchy’ is increasingly part of the political science lexicon, particularly in work on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Yet I argue that political scientists often under-conceptualize...
Happiness From Treating the Weekend Like a Vacation

Americans are time-poor. They work long hours and leave paid vacation days unused. An analysis of over 200,000 U.S. workers reveals that not prioritizing vacation is linked to lower happiness. Many...
Utilization of evidence-based treatment models at community-based mental health settings for young children exposed to violence

Abstract Background: Little is known about which therapeutic treatment models are being used most commonly at community-based mental health settings to treat young children exposed to violence. Objective: We aimed to (1) explore the use of commonly applied treatment models for young children exposed to violence across community-based clinical sites and (2) examine the associations of the use of these models with child demographics and type(s) of violence to which the child was exposed. The models examined included Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Attention, Regulation, and Competency (ARC), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), and Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT). Participants and setting: Participants were 500 children aged 0-6 years, who were exposed to violence and received treatment at 1 of the 12 community-based sites. The mean age was 48.1 months (SD = 13.9 months). Methods: Descriptive analyses were conducted on child demographics, type of violence, and treatment model(s) employed. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to examine the associations of treatment model(s) used with child demographics and type of violence. Results: 76.2% of the sample received CCPT or an integrative approach, rather than evidence-based treatments (e.g., CBT, CPP). Black children were more likely to receive CCPT (OR = 6.490; 95% CI = 1.262, 33.375). Hispanic children were less likely to receive ARC (OR = 0.234; 95% CI = 0.074, 0.738). Associations between type of violence exposure and treatment model utilization were also found. Conclusions: Our results underscore a need to disseminate EBTs, as well as to assure that treatment needs of individual children are met.
CSR: Undertheorized or Essentially Contested?

In the January 2020 Academy of Management Review, associate editors Wang, Gibson, and Zander (hereafter WGZ) posed this question: “Is research on corporate social responsibility undertheorized?” Th...
Diffusion doping of cobalt in rod-shape anatase TiO2 nanocrystals leads to antiferromagnetism

Cobalt(II) ions were adsorbed to the surface of rod-shape anatase TiO2 nanocrystals and subsequently heated to promote ion diffusion into the nanocrystal. After removal of any remaining surface bound cobalt, a sample consisting of strictly cobalt-doped TiO2 was obtained and characterized with powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The nanocrystal morphology was unchanged in the process and no new crystal phases were detected. The concentration of cobalt in the doped samples linearly correlates with the initial loading of cobalt(II) ions on the nanocrystal surface. Thin films of the cobalt doped TiO2 nanocrystals were prepared on indium-tin oxide coated glass substrate, and the electrical conductivity increased with the concentration of doped cobalt. Magnetic measurements of the cobalt-doped TiO2 nanocrystals reveal paramagnetic behavior at room temperature, and antiferromagnetic interactions between Co ions at low temperatures. Antiferromagnetism is atypical for cobalt-doped TiO2 nanocrystals, and is proposed to arise from interstitial doping that may be favored by the diffusional doping mechanism.
Group Work in Challenging Times

As we write this editorial, we are amid the COVID-19 pandemic and witnessing a greater attention to, and advocacy alongside, the Black Lives Matter movement while experiencing what others have desc...
Study of Spatial–Spectral Feature Extraction Frameworks With 3-D Convolutional Neural Network for Robust Hyperspectral Imagery Classification

Advances in hyperspectral remote sensing have instigated multitude of applications for better understanding of our planet through remote data acquisition and observation of natural phenomena such as weather monitoring and prediction to include tornado, wild fires, global warming, etc. For this, data analysis methods that exploit the rich spectral and spatial information in hyperspectral data are often employed to gain insights about the natural phenomenon. This work presents a new deep learning based hyperspectral data analysis framework, which efficiently utilizes both spatial and spectral information present in the data to achieve superior classification performance. Gabor filtering is used for spatial feature extraction in conjunction with sparse random projections for spectral feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. Finally, supervised classification using a 3-D convolutional neural network was employed to perform a volumetric hyperspectral data analysis. Experimental results reveal that the proposed spatial–spectral hyperspectral data analysis frameworks outperform the conventional 2-D convolution neural network-based spectral–spatial feature extraction techniques.
“Our eyes are sentinels unto our judgments”: Embodied Perception in The Changeling

This essay argues that Thomas Middleton and William Rowley's The Changeling (1622) draws on debates about sense perception in the period to interrogate the effects of dramatic representation. After...
Grand challenges and transformative solutions for rangeland social-ecological systems – emphasizing the human dimensions

Rangeland food systems around the world are increasingly facing complex and wicked problems with changing climate, environmental, and socioeconomic conditions. We must find socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable ways to optimize production of high-quality, accessible food to feed the world's growing population. Further, we need to do this in the face of multiple threats, including climate change, land-use change, and emerging invasive species, pests, and diseases. The “human dimensions” are central to solving critical challenges for working rangelands. We must actively build collaborative partnerships that span disciplines, knowledge areas, and backgrounds. Diverse perspectives as well as greater integration of the natural and social sciences will foster critically needed transformative rangeland science, learning, and management. A central component of transformative change is training the next generation of scientists, resource users, land managers, and policymakers to work beyond institutional, land ownership, and political boundaries to build broad-scale partnerships and solutions.
Model investigations of the correlation between the mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow in shape-engineered events

Abstract The correlation between the event mean-transverse momentum [ p T ] , and the anisotropic flow magnitude v n , ρ ( v n 2 , [ p T ] ) , has been argued to be sensitive to the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We use simulated events generated with the AMPT and EPOS models for Au+Au at s N N = 200 GeV, to investigate the model dependence and the response and sensitivity of the ρ ( v 2 2 , [ p T ] ) correlator to collision-system size and shape, and the viscosity of the matter produced in the collisions. We find good qualitative agreement between the correlators for the string melting version of the AMPT model and the EPOS model. The model investigations for shape-engineered events as well as events with different viscosity ( η / s ), indicate that ρ ( v 2 2 , [ p T ] ) is sensitive to the initial-state geometry of the collision system but is insensitive to sizable changes in η / s for the medium produced in the collisions. These findings suggest that precise differential measurements of ρ ( v 2 2 , [ p T ] ) as a function of system size, shape, and beam-energy could provide more stringent constraints to discern between initial-state models and hence, more reliable extractions of η / s .