cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleophilic index value: implication in the protection by indole-3-carbinol from N-nitrosodimethylamine cyto and genotoxicity in mouse liver.

A novel assay system was developed in order to quantitate the nucleophilicity of pure chemicals or tissue extracts. This Nucleophilic Index Value (NIV) assay was based on the ability of putative nucleophiles to inhibit the methylation of cysteine by limiting concentrations of the electrophilic source, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Efficacy of model and cellular nucleophiles was quantitated as nmol cysteine protected by the nucleophile from methylation by MNU/h/mM compound. The NIVs of the pure compounds ascorbate, glutathione, 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine (NBP) and indole-3-carbinol (I-3-C) were 2400, 1600, 3 and 0, respectively. When mice were treated with I-3-C by gavage at dosages of 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg body wt, the NIV for ethyl acetate extracts of the livers 1 h after treatment were 0, 33, 47, 52 and 92 nmol cysteine preserved/h/g tissue, respectively. The I-3-C enhancement of NIV was not attributable to ascorbate or glutathione, neither of which were present in the ethyl acetate extracts of liver. When mice were treated with 10 mg N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)/kg body wt 1 h after the varying dosages of I-3-C, the 24 h post-NDMA plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) values were decreased by I-3-C pretreatment in a dose-dependent fashion. Plasma ALT values were used in this study as an indicator of hepatotoxicity. The coefficient of determination, r2, computed from the linear least squares correlation coefficient between NIV and ALT values, was 0.80 (0–100 mg I-3-C/kg) and 0.97 (0–75 mg/kg). In addition to cytological protection from NDMA toxicity, I-3-C pretreatment significantly reduced NDMA mediated DNA single strand breakage. The degree of protection was about 60% for both NDMA mediated ALT release and DNA strand breakage. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that I-3-C in vivo provides protection from NDMA cyto and genotoxicity by virtue of enhancing the ability of the hepatocyte to scavenge reactive electrophiles, thus protecting cellular nucleophilic sites that are critical for normal function.
Degradation of the lunar vacuum by a moon base

Several industrial processes requiring high and ultra-high vacuum similar to the lunar vacuum are outlined. The effects of a 20-person lunar base and a 250-person industrial facility on this vacuum are discussed. It is shown that exhaust from transport spacecraft and leakage from the habitat will be comparable to the daytime gas pressure for the 20-person base, and will degrade the vacuum to the range of 2 x 10 to the -9th torr for the use of 250-person facility. This will result in replacing the mostly nonreactive gases hydrogen, helium, and neon with more reactive gases containing carbon and oxygen. This vacuum is still good enough to perform many important vacuum processes such as plasma-deposition of amorphous silicon for solar cells, but processes such as molecular beam epitaxy or locating an intersecting beam accelerator on the moon will require additional vacuum pumping.
Erosion prediction in slurry pipeline tee-junctions

A significant erosion problem is found to occur on steel blanks located inside tee-junctions in a slurry pipeline system. A 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to predict the motion of caustic liquor and bauxite particles through a tee-junction using an Eulerian–Eulerian continuum approach in conjunction with the k–e turbulence model. Initial simulations assuming a uniform inlet flow are unable to demonstrate the cause of the observed erosion. However, subsequent modelling with a swirling inlet flow, based on a more thorough assessment of the upstream vessels and piping, results in the prediction of an accumulation of particles on the steel blank at the centre of a slow-moving vortex, the location of which is in excellent agreement with the observed wear on the plant. Furthermore, the predicted wear location is found to be insensitive to the assumed level of inlet swirl and the numerical scheme employed. The multi-phase CFD model is also used to assess several potential solutions to the erosion problem, resulting in the replacement of the tee-junctions with a pivoting elbow design which is found to exhibit significantly reduced erosion rates on the plant. These results demonstrate the effectiveness with which CFD techniques can be used in the solution of industrial erosion problems. They also highlight the potential sensitivity of modelling results to inlet boundary condition assumptions and emphasise the need to adequately account for upstream influences when applying CFD techniques to the simulation of industrial flows.
Intracultural Variation: Decline and Diversity in North Pacific Fisheries

Measures other than central tendency are required to develop theories of intracultural diversity. To measure the distribution of wealth, behavior, or ideas in a population, statistical measures of variation can be used. Equity and diversity measures for the distribution of wealth are proposed using the skew and kurtosis statistics. Historical data for four North Pacific fisheries indicate that associated with resource decline is greater inequity and less diversity in the distribution of fish harvested and income to fishermen and fish processors.
Keypad Lock Security System Based on Immune-Affinity Recognition Integrated with a Switchable Biofuel Cell

An immune-based biorecognition system mimicking a keypad lock device was integrated with a switchable biofuel cell resulting in the power output change upon the correct input of the “password” enco...
Importance of the Design of an Exercise Protocol in the Evaluation of Patients with Angina Pectoris

The severity of angina and the effects of therapeutic interventions in patients with coronary artery disease have been assessed by determining changes in both exercise performance and the triple product (TP) of heart rate, systolic pressure, and ejection time occurring at angina. However, the validity of conclusions based on such changes is uncertain since the effects of different exercise protocols on these variables have not been determined. Twelve patients with angina were studied during upright bicycle exercise; repeated bouts of exercise using a standard protocol of 20-w increments every three minutes produced no consistent changes in TP at angina. When exercise began 20 to 60 w above the work load of the standard protocol that produced angina, exercise capacity was reduced (average 1'40'' vs. 4'40'', P < 0.001), and triple product at angina exceeded control anginal values (average 4,840 vs. 4,150, P < 0.001). In the control studies nitroglycerin (TNG) and carotid sinus nerve stimulation (CSNS) enabl...
An Exact Solution of a Generalization of the Rabi Model

Unversity of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627,USA(Dated: January 19, 2012)There has been renewed theoretical interest recently in the Rabi model due to Braak’s analyticalsolution and introduction of a new criterion for integrability. We focus not on the integrability ofthe system but rather why it is solvable in the ﬁrst place. We show that the Rabi model is thelimiting case of a more general ﬁnite dimensional system by use of a contraction and suggest thatthis is the reason for it’s solvability, which still applies in the case of non-integrable but solvablevariations.I. INTRODUCTION
Exact Thermoelastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Anisotropic Hollow Cylinders with Arbitrary Material Gradation

An exact solution is presented for the thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded long hollow cylinders. The functionally graded material is assumed to have temperature-dependent cylindrical monoclinic material properties that vary as a function of the radial coordinate. Thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are specified on the inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder. In addition, the net axial force and torque acting on the cylinder are prescribed. The nonlinear steady-state heat conduction equation is solved using an iterative power-series solution procedure to obtain the temperature field. Subsequently, the three-dimensional thermoelasticity equations are solved using a power-series solution procedure to obtain the displacements and stresses. The solution procedure is applicable to hollow cylinders with an arbitrary variation of material properties in the radial direction. The convergence of the analytical solution is improved by dividing the hollow cylinder into multiple functionally graded ...
The 1993 James Madison Award Lecture: The Voice of the People

Editor's Note: The James Madison A ward and Lecture, given triennially since 1978, is awarded to a living American political scientist who has made a distinguished scholarly contribution to political science. The award and lecture recognize a career of scholarly excellence rather than a particular piece of scholarship. Sidney Verba of Harvard University, recipient of the 1993 James Madison A ward, presented the following address at the APSA 's 1993 Annual Meeting held in Washington, D.C. Previous winners include Robert Dahl, Gabriel Almond, Herbert Simon, E. Pendleton Herring, and James Q. Wilson. The 1993 James Madison A ward
Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe: motor areas on the lateral surface of the hemisphere.

We examined the topographic organization of corticospinal neurons in the primary motor cortex and in the two premotor areas on the lateral surface of the hemisphere [i.e., the dorsal premotor area (PMd) and the ventral premotor area (PMv)]. In two macaques, we labeled corticospinal neurons that project beyond T7 or S2 by placing crystals of HRP into the dorsolateral funiculus at these segmental levels. In another seven macaques, we labeled corticospinal neurons that project to specific segmental levels of the spinal cord by injecting the fluorescent tracers fast blue and diamidino yellow into the gray matter of the cervical and lumbosacral segments. In one set of experiments (n = 2), we defined the representations of the arm and leg in each cortical motor area by injecting one of the two fluorescent tracers into lower cervical segments (C7-T1) and the other fluorescent tracer into lower lumbosacral segments (L6-S1) of the same animal. In another set of experiments (n = 5), we defined the representations of distal and proximal parts of the forelimb in each cortical motor area by injecting one of the two fluorescent tracers into lower cervical segments (C7-T1) and the other tracer into upper cervical segments (C2-C4) of the same animal. In the primary motor cortex and the PMd, cortical regions that project to lower cervical segments were largely separate from those that project to lower lumbosacral segments. In the PMv, few neurons were labeled after tracer injections into lower cervical segments or lower lumbosacral segments. However, corticospinal neurons were labeled in the PMv after tracer injections into upper cervical segments and after HRP placement in the dorsolateral funiculus at T7. The region of the PMv that projects to upper cervical segments was separate from that which projects below T7. Cortical regions that project to upper and lower cervical segments of the spinal cord overlapped considerably in the primary motor cortex and in the PMd. Despite this overlap, we found that the regions of the primary motor cortex and PMd that project most densely to upper cervical segments were largely separate from those that project most densely to lower cervical segments. Furthermore, we found two separate regions within area 4 that send corticospinal projections primarily to the lower cervical segments. One of these regions was located within the classical "hand" area of the primary motor cortex. The other was located at the medial edge of arm representation in the primary motor cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Comparison of Performance and Economics of a Long-yearling and Calf-fed System 1

Performance and economics of calf feeding and feeding long-yearlings was compared from University of Nebraska research conducted from 1996 to 2004. All calves in these studies were spring born and purchased the subsequent fall. The heaviest calves (292 ± 5 kg) were placed into the feedlot and fed an average of 168 d (calf-feds), whereas the lighter calves (239 ± 5 kg) were placed into a long-yearling system consisting of corn residue grazing followed by summer grazing before entering the feedlot for finishing. Long-yearlings were fed in the feedlot for an average of 90 d. At the beginning of the finishing period, long-yearlings were 143 kg heavier than calf-feds (P < 0.01). Although daily DMI was greater for long-yearlings (P < 0.01), calffeds consumed more total DM during
The hibernating mammalian heart

Abstract Decapitation during hibernation and observation of the beating heart, or observation of the isolated heart of the hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrel displayed survival of this heart in the cold for periods of time far in excess of that seen in nonhibernating mammals (the rat) subjected to the same experimental methods. This phenomenon has been studied and data have been collected, about which speculation is made and which is summarized as follows: 1.1. Heart in hibernation: A hibernating heart is relatively temperature-insensitive throughout the range of hibernating temperatures (0° to 20°C.). Contrarily, it is very sensitive to tactile stimulation. The mechanical contractions of an isolated hibernating heart may be extremely faint (to a point at which they cannot be observed visually), whereas electrical beating may continue for hours after visible contractions are no longer observable. This latter property poses the question whether in the intact hibernating mammal the heart actually moves blood with each electrical record of a heartbeat. 2.2. Heart in arousal from hibernation: stimulation to initiation of arousal of the hibernating heart is triggered by the action of a sympathetico-adrenal mechanism on a "physiologically vagotomized" heart. Initiation of arousal is further strengthened by respiratory muscle contractions in proximity to the heart at rates which act as "pacemaker" for the entire arousal process. Thus, the early arousal process of the heart seems to be geared to nervous and mechanical mechanisms, but not to a change in body temperature. Later in the arousal process, further stimulation of the heart rate is certainly modified in the direction of still further increases in rate by a rise in body temperature. There is evidence for changes in metabolic stores within the heart musculature as arousal proceeds. 3.3. Heart in induction to hibernation: The stimulus to induction of the heart into hibernation seems to have four elements: (a) a preparatory phase (possibly hormonal) during which the musculature of the heart is readied (this may be "seasonal", in the sense that the animal "readies itself", not in the sense of the "four seasons"); (b) a fall in body temperature during which the heart rate of the animal entering hibernation follows a cooling curve similar to that in Nembutal anesthesia plus cold for such an animal; (c) a "physiological vagotomy" with possible maintenance of sympathetico-adrenal stimulation at a very low level; and (d) a shift from one metabolic scheme to another (probably enzymatic) when the body temperatures falls below 20°C.
The Indirect Determination of Stability, Heat and Momentum Fluxes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer from Simple Scalar Variables During Dry Unstable Conditions

Abstract Turbulence data from two sites have been analyzed to obtain an indirect relation between the Obukhov stability parameter, z/L, and temperature statistics during dry unstable conditions. The skewness of a single scalar variable, temperature, at a single height is used to obtain z/L, thereby demonstrating the value and importance of the no-Gaussian properties of the temperature statistics. A relation between σθ/T* and z/L has been obtained for the stability range −60< z/L≤0.5 Explicit forms for heat flux and shear stress have been obtained for the unstable portion of this range in terms of z/L,k, σθ, z, θ and constants. Combining the above techniques provides a method of obtaining z/L, H/pcp and u* from temperature statistics during dry unstable conditions. Within the limitations of the observational uncertainties, the functions appear to be consistent for one or more different sites.
List-decoding methods for inferring polynomials in finite dynamical gene network models

Motivation: The problem of reverse engineering the dynamics of gene expression profiles is of focal importance in systems biology. Due to noise and the inherent lack of sufficiently large datasets generated via high-throughput measurements, known reconstruction frameworks based on dynamical systems models fail to provide adequate settings for network analysis. This motivates the study of new approaches that produce stochastic lists of explanations for the observed network dynamics that can be efficiently inferred from small sample sets and in the presence of errors. Results: We introduce a novel algebraic modeling framework, termed stochastic polynomial dynamical systems (SPDSs) that can capture the dynamics of regulatory networks based on microarray expression data. Here, we refer to dynamics of the network as the trajectories of gene expression profiles over time. The model assumes that the expression data is quantized in a manner that allows for imposing a finite field structure on the observations, and the existence of polynomial update functions for each gene in the network. The underlying reverse engineering algorithm is based on ideas borrowed from coding theory, and in particular, list-decoding methods for so called Reed-Muller codes. The list-decoding method was tested on synthetic data and on microarray expression measurements from the M3D database, corresponding to a subnetwork of the Escherichia coli SOS repair system, as well as on the complete transcription factor network, available at RegulonDB. The results show that SPDSs constructed via list-decoders significantly outperform other algebraic reverse engineering methods, and that they also provide good guidelines for estimating the influence of genes on the dynamics of the network. Availability: Software codes for list-decoding algorithms suitable for direct application to quantized expression data will be publicly available at the authors' web-pages. Contact:janis.dingel@tum.de; milenkov@uiuc.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Experimental studies of supercavitating flow about simple two-dimensional bodies in a jet

A two-dimensional free-jet water tunnel developed at the St Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory of the University of Minnesota is described briefly. Results of experimental measurements on a two-dimensional cup, symmetrical wedges, inclined flat plates, and a circular cylinder in the tunnel are given. Measured force coefficients at zero cavitation number are in good agreement with theory. Shapes of the cavities were computed for one of the wedges and for one of the plates at zero cavitation number; the observed shapes are also in good agreement with the theory. For non-zero cavitation numbers, theoretical results for force coefficients were available for comparison in only two cases. For one of these, the cup, agreement between theory and experiment was good up to a cavitation number of about 0.5. For the other, a symmetrical wedge, experimental results were compared with a linear theory with good agreement for cavitation numbers between about 0.1 and 0.3. In the case of the wedge, measured cavity lengths were somewhat shorter than predicted by the linear theory. All other comparisons with theory at non-zero cavitation number had to be made with the theory as developed for infinite fluid. The experimental force coefficients were less than predicted by infinite-fluid theory, but tended to approach the theoretical values as the cavitation number increased. A similar tendency marked the comparison between the experimental data and data taken by others in closed tunnels.
The Credibility of Child Sexual Abuse Allegations: Perpetrator Gender and Subject Occupational Status

This study investigated the extent to which the alleged perpetrator's gender and the subject's mandated reporter status and acquaintanceship with sexual abuse affect judgments of the credibility of children's reports that they have been sexually abused. Eighty-one educators and 104 undergraduates read a brief vignette in which a child alleged that she had been sexually abused and the accused denied the allegation. Results revealed that males and females found the child equally credible, the allegations involving male perpetrators were believed more than allegations involving females, and that educators believed the allegations less than undergraduates. There was a significant interaction between gender of subject and gender of perpetrator that was not consistent with a hypothesized gender sympathy effect. No relationship between acquaintanceship with sexual abuse and credibility ratings was found.
ADVERTISING, PERCEIVED QUALITY AND STRATEGIC ENTRY DETERRENCE AND ACCOMODATION

. When faced with the choice between two brands of a homogeneous good, consumers—cetevis paribus—have been observed to prefer the brand with which they have become familiar through advertising to the unadvertised brand. Some consumers are even prepared to pay a price premium for the advertised brand. Taking this behaviour as a datum, we show that an incumbent monopolist can use advertising to erect a barrier to entry or to influence the nature of entry (strategic entry accomodation).
Relative Performance Guarantees for Approximate Inference in Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Hierarchical probabilistic modeling of discrete data has emerged as a powerful tool for text analysis. Posterior inference in such models is intractable, and practitioners rely on approximate posterior inference methods such as variational inference or Gibbs sampling. There has been much research in designing better approximations, but there is yet little theoretical understanding of which of the available techniques are appropriate, and in which data analysis settings. In this paper we provide the beginnings of such understanding. We analyze the improvement that the recently proposed collapsed variational inference (CVB) provides over mean field variational inference (VB) in latent Dirichlet allocation. We prove that the difference in the tightness of the bound on the likelihood of a document decreases as O(k - 1) + √log m/m, where k is the number of topics in the model and m is the number of words in a document. As a consequence, the advantage of CVB over VB is lost for long documents but increases with the number of topics. We demonstrate empirically that the theory holds, using simulated text data and two text corpora. We provide practical guidelines for choosing an approximation.
Chemical environment of Ba2+ in a series of chalconide and halide salts

Barium Auger parameters correlate linearly with fractional ionic character, defined by simple electronegativity concepts. More fundamentally, the variation in Auger parameter is quantitatively associated with ligand polarization energy E p , resulting from the interaction of the polarizable ligands with the barium core hole coulombic field. This paper demonstrates the Ba 2+ Auger parameter correlations, and is complementary to work published previously in this journal (C. L. Berrie and M. A. Langell, Surf. Interface Anal. 17, 635 (1991))
New genes and/or molecular pathways associated with adrenal hyperplasias and related adrenocortical tumors

Over the course of the last 10 years, we have studied the genetic and molecular mechanisms leading to disorders that affect the adrenal cortex, with emphasis on those that are developmental, hereditary and associated with adrenal hypoplasia or hyperplasia, multiple tumors and abnormalities in other endocrine glands. On the basis of this work, we propose an hypothesis on how adrenocortical tumors form and the importance of the cyclic AMP-dependent signaling pathway in this process. The regulatory subunit type 1-alpha (RIalpha) of protein kinase A (PKA) (the PRKAR1A gene) is mutated in most patients with Carney complex and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). Phosphodiesterase-11A (the PDE11A gene) and -8B (the PDE8B gene) mutations were found in patients with isolated adrenal hyperplasia and Cushing syndrome, as well in patients with PPNAD. PKA effects on tumor suppression and/or development and the cell cycle are becoming clear: PKA and/or cAMP act as a coordinator of growth and proliferation in the adrenal cortex. Mouse models in which the respective genes have been knocked out see m to support this notion. Genome-wide searches for other genes responsible for adrenal tumors and related diseases are ongoing; recent evidece of the involvement of the mitochondrial oxidation pathway in adrenocortical tumorigenesis is derived from our study of rare associations such as those of disorders predisposing to adrenomedullary and related tumors (Carney triad, the dyad of paragangliomas and gastric stromal sarcomas or Carney-Stratakis syndrome, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cancer syndrome) which appear to be associated with adrenocortical lesions.
The effect of constrained communication and limited information in governing a common resource

Allowing resource users to communicate in behavioural experiments on commons dilemmas increases the level of cooperation. In actual common pool resource dilemmas in the real world, communication is costly, which is an important detail missing from most typical experiments. We conducted experiments where participants must give up harvesting opportunities to communicate. The constrained communication treatment is compared with the effect of limited information about the state of the resource and the actions of the other participants. We find that despite making communication costly, performance of groups improves in all treatments with communication. We also find that constraining communication has a more significant effect than limiting information on the performance of groups.
Frontal sinus cranialization

The management of frontal sinus trauma varies widely based on the extent of injury and the training and preferences of the surgeon. Cranialization is best suited for severe frontal sinus injuries, with comminution of the posterior table bone. The procedure is typically carried out by a multidisciplinary team, including an otolaryngologist and a neurosurgeon.
Host Specificity in Rhizobium-Legume Interactions

The process of cellular recognition between microorganisms and higher plants is receiving considerable attention in light of its effect on plant morphogenesis, nutrition, symbiosis, and protection against infectious disease. In general, these positive cellular recognitions are believed to arise from a specific union, reversible or irreversible, between chemical receptors on the surface of interacting cells. This hypothesis implies that communication occurs when cells that recognize one another come into contact, and therefore the complementary components of the cell surfaces have naturally been the focus for most biochemical studies. Such is the case for studies on the infection of legume roots by the bacterial symbiont, Rhizobium. This article deals with the analysis of lectins and their saccharide receptors in the infection process, their involvement in specific bacterial attachment to root hairs, their regulation, and a critical evaluation of the limitations of the present work relative to understanding the biochemical basis of host specificity.
Nurse Practitioner Run Heart Failure Bridge Clinic Reduces Readmission Rates

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a major financial burden in the United States. Due to penalties in reimbursement for hospitals with high 30-day HF readmission rates and early follow-up after discharge has been shown to be an important factor in reducing readmission rates, we established a Nurse Practitioner managed, Heart Failure Bridge Clinic (HFBC). To evaluate the efficacy of the clinic, we reviewed the
The Public Choice Revolution and Principles of Economics Texts

Following the publication of The Calculus of Consentin 1962, a new school of thought began to exert an impact on the economics profession. These changing winds are sometimes referred to as the “public choice revolution.” They eventually led to the awarding of the 1986 Nobel Prize to James Buchanan for his pathbreaking work in this area. Both Buchanan and the public choice literature exerted a major impact on my career and approach to economics. In essence, public choice applies the tools of economics to both the market and political processes. Without having knowledge about the operation of both, one is in a poor position to understand how alternative institutions and policies will affect outcomes. This comparative approach seemed so obvious to me, I incorporated it into my teaching of introductory economics in the early 1970s. Soon thereafter, I integrated the approach into a principles of economics text, Economics: Private and Public Choice.First published in 1976, this text is now in its 14th edition. Even though the book has been successful, I am nonetheless, disappointed that public choice has not exerted more impact on principles courses. Most introductory classes and texts continue to treat government as if it were an omniscient, benevolent dictator. Correspondingly, rather than analyzing how both markets and collective decision-making handle economic problems, most of the profession continues to focus on market failure, ideal solutions under restrictive assumptions, and the modeling of government as if it were a corrective device. This approach, which is particularly dominant at elite schools, undermines both the relevance and usefulness of economics. It is misleading and leaves students with a false, romantic view of government and the operation of the democratic political process. Thus, public choice analysis and the work of scholars like Buchanan and Tullock are just as relevant today as they were four decades ago. Hopefully, a new generation of economists will grasp this point and take the public choice revolution to new heights.
DIABETIC GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS IN RENAL PAPILLARY NECROSIS--AN AUTOPSY STUDY.

Intercapillary (diabetic) glomerulosclerosis and renal papillary necrosis are well recognized complications of diabetes.' 12 It lias been suggested that diabetic glomerulosclerosis is uncommon in patients with renal papillary necrosis, and that the finding of diabetic glomerulosclerosis in a renal biopsy might be clinically useful in tending to exclude papillary necrosis as a cause of acute renal failure in a diabetic person. The study described in this paper was made, therefore, in order to determine the incidence of diabetic glomerulosclerosis in an autopsy population of patients with renal papillary necrosis.
Coordination of N,N-chelated Re(CO)3Cl units across a Mo2 quadruple bond: synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of a Re-Mo2-Re triad and its component pieces.

2-(2-Pyridyl)-4-methylthiazole carboxylic acid (PMT-H) and rhenium tricarbonyl chloride react to form the red crystalline compound fac-Re(PMT-H)(CO)3Cl, I, which is an analog of the well-known Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl molecule, where bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine. The acids PMT-H (2 equiv) and Re(PMT-H)(CO)3Cl (2 equiv) also react with Mo2(TiPB)4 (TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate) in toluene to give the red compound trans-Mo2(TiPB)2(PMT)2, II, and the royal blue compound trans-Mo2(TiPB)2[(PMT)Re(CO)3Cl]2, III, respectively. The X-ray and spectroscopic characterization of I confirms its close relationship with Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl, as does the spectroscopic characterization of compounds II and III as analogs of other compounds of the form trans-M2(TiPB)2L2, where L is a π-acceptor ligand. Electronic structure calculations on model compounds II′ and III′, where formate ligands substitute for TiPB, show that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in II is Mo2δ. When the Re(CO)3Cl unit is attached to the PMT ligand to form ...
Masked speech perception thresholds in infants, children, and adults

Objective The primary goal of this study was to compare infants' susceptibility to making produced by a two-talker speech and a speech-shaped noise masker. It is well documented that school-age children experience more difficulty recognizing speech embedded in two-talker speech than spectrally matched noise, a result attributed to immaturity in the ability to segregate target from masker speech, and/or to selectively attend to the target while disregarding the perceptually similar speech masker. However, findings from infant psychophysical studies suggest that infants are susceptible to auditory masking even when target and competing sounds are acoustically distinct. Design Listeners were infants (8 to10 months), children (8 to 10 years), and adults (18 to 33 years). The task was an observer-based, single-interval disyllabic word detection, in the presence of either a speech-shaped noise or a two-talker masker. The masker played continuously at 55 dB SPL, and the target level was adapted to estimate threshold. Results As observed previously for closed-set consonant and word identification as well as open-set word and sentence recognition, school-age children experienced relatively more masking than adults in the two-talker than the speech-shaped noise masker. The novel result of this study was that infants' speech detection thresholds were about 24 dB higher than those of adults in both maskers. While response bias differed between listener groups, it did not differ reliably between maskers. Conclusions It is often assumed that speech perception in a speech masker places greater demands on a listener's ability to segregate and selectively attend to the target than a noise masker. This assumption is based on results showing larger child/adult differences for speech perception in a speech masker composed of a small number of talkers than in spectrally matched noise. The observation that infants experience equal masking for speech and noise maskers suggests that infants experience informational masking in both maskers and raises the possibility that the cues which make the steady noise a relatively ineffective masker for children are learned.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits INFγ-induced Increases in CIITA mRNA Abundance and Activation of CIITA Dependent Genes—Class II MHC, Ii and H-2M

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) has been recently implicated as a powerful inhibitor of immune responses during allograft rejection, and some autoimmune and infectious diseases. We previously showed that one potential regulatory effect of NO is inhibition of IFNγ-stimulated expression of Class II MHC on macrophages. Activation of this gene is mediated by the "Class IITransActivator" (CIITA). We now ask whether NO inhibits CIITA and thus the family of genes regulated by CIITA—Class II MHC, Ii, and H-2M. The latter two genes participate in antigen processing and formation of the cell-surface peptide-Class II MHC complex. Methods: Murine macrophages—both peritoneal macrophages and the RAW264.7 macrophage line—were stimulated in vitro with IFNγ. NO production was measured by the Greiss reagent. Transcription of Class II MHC was measured by nuclear run-on assay. mRNA abundance of Class II MHC, Ii, H-2M, and CIITA was measured by Northern blotting and RT-PCR. Results: NO inhibits IFNγ-induced increases in the abundance and transcription of the Class II MHC Ab gene. The increases in mRNA abundance of CIITA, Ii, and H-2M are also inhibited. As a control, we found that NO did not inhibit LPS-induce increases in TNFα mRNA abundance. Conclusions: NO inhibits IFNγ-induced increases in CIITA, and thus inhibits the CIITA-regulated genes: Class II MHC, Ii, and H-2M. Early during rejection, NO production by macrophages may result after stimulation by IFNγ produced by CD4+ T cells, and be an effector of allograft damage. High concentrations of NO may then act as a feedback inhibitor which decreases antigen presentation by macrophages and thus decreases CD4 T cell activation.
[Epidemiological study of cytopenia among benzene-exposed workers and its influential factors].

Objective To evaluate the benzene exposure level and cytopenia among the benzeneexposed workers in Shanghai,China and to analyze the influential factors for the health of benzene-exposed workers.Methods A total of 3314 benzene-exposed workers,who were from 85 benzene-related enterprises selected by stratified random sampling based on enterprise sizes and industries,were included in the study.The time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of benzene in each workshop was measured by individual sampling and fixed point sampling,and the benzene exposure level in workshop was evaluated accordingly.The occupational health examination results and health status of benzene-exposed workers were collected.Results The median of TWA concentrations of benzene was 0.3 mg/m3.The TWA concentrations measured at 7 (1.4％) of the 504 sampling points were above the safety limit.Of the 7 points,3 were from large enterprises,2 from medium enterprises,and 2 from small enterprises; 3 were from shipbuilding industry,1 from chemical industry,and 3 from light industry.Of the 3314 benzene-exposed workers,451 (13.6％) had cytopenia,including 339 males (339/2548,13.3％) and 112 females (112/766,14.6％).There were significant differences in the incidence rates of leukopenia and neutropenia among the benzene-exposed workers of different sexes and ages (P＜0.05); there were significant differences in the incidence rate of cytopenia among the benzene-exposed workers of different ages and working years (P＜0.05); there were significant differences in the incidence of neutropenia among the benzeneexposed workers of different working years (P＜0.05).Conclusion Monitoring and intervention measures should be enhanced to protect the benzene-exposed workers in the large enterprises in shipbuilding industry and medium and private enterprises in chemical industry from occupational hazards. Key words: Benzene; Occupational exposure; Pancytopenia; Epiderniologic studies
Interfacing Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis With Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Microfluidic devices are a unique enabling technology for chemical separations, modification, and synthesis that are ideally suited for the manipulation of low volume samples on the order of a few nanoliters in volume. Complex patterns of capillary-sized channels with zero dead volume connections are the distinguishing features of many microfluidic devices. Concurrently, mass spectrometry has undergone further development, and is now arguably the method of choice for structural characterization of mass- and volume-limited samples. The production of ions in the gas phase from the solution phase is critical for direct coupling of fluidic devices with the mass spectrometer, and the electrospray ionization (ESI) sources are well suited for this application. Micro- and nanoflow ESI interfaces are ideal for these applications as they cover flow rate ranges from the hundreds to a few nanoliters per minute, which are the same as the flow rates used by most microfluidic devices. Herein, the assembly and operation of a simple ESI interface for coupling a microfluidic device and mass spectrometer is described.
Circadian Regulation of Synaptic Plasticity

Circadian rhythms refer to oscillations in biological processes with a period of approximately 24 h. In addition to the sleep/wake cycle, there are circadian rhythms in metabolism, body temperature, hormone output, organ function and gene expression. There is also evidence of circadian rhythms in synaptic plasticity, in some cases driven by a master central clock and in other cases by peripheral clocks. In this article, I review the evidence for circadian influences on synaptic plasticity. I also discuss ways to disentangle the effects of brain state and rhythms on synaptic plasticity.
Visible Luminescence and Laser Action from Color Centers in Ti-Doped Sapphire

It is the purpose of this paper to report the observation of laser action from a color center Ti-doped sapphire. We also report on some spectroscopic characteristics of this and other defects centers found in both Ti-doped and undoped sapphire.
Beyond the Genetic Diagnosis: Providing Parents What They Want to Know

Clinicians need to provide accurate, up-to-date, and balanced information to parents following a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and other genetic conditions. Families want information about the genomic outcomes and medical issues, but they also want information about life outcomes and social supports. Because the anticipated outcomes of a condition can change significantly based on available social support, health care, and services, it is important for clinicians to stay up-to-date about new developments and credible, medically reviewed information about Down syndrome and other genetic conditions to access resources for clinical care.
Abstract 2851: EGFR-TERT cooperation in the development of EGFR-TKI treatment induced pulmonary fibrosis

Background: Previous studies have shown that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment in lung cancer can lead to the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In other studies, it has been shown that reduced telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) function increases susceptibility to PF. In this work, we hypothesize that TERT is associated with the pathogenesis of EGFR-TKI induced PF via important signaling pathways. Methods: HCC827 cells (EGFR L858R) was treated with gefitinib and TERT expression level was detected following the treatment. To investigate the molecular changes following gefitinib treatment, we also performed a 84-TF qPCR- microarray and a qPCR microarray for 84-key secreted proteins of cytokines and chemokines. The level of interleukin-6(IL-6) was further measured with ELISA in cell medium following the gefitinib treatment. Fibrogenic markers were detected after co-culturing HCC827 with lung fibroblast IMR-90 cells. Results: TERT gene expression was significantly decreased over 90% after gefitinib treatment. Early growth response protein 1(EGR-1) and E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1) were significantly down-regulated as major TFs that are responsive to gefitinib treatment. Both EGR-1 and E2F1 have been shown to regulate TERT expression in previous studies. In addition, TFs including JUN and most REL members involved in the NF-κB pathway, were significantly up-regulated after gefitinib treatment, which are known to lead to the activation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) pathway. IL-6 mRNA as well as protein secretion were both significantly up-regulated after gefitinib treatment. After co-culturing HCC827 and IMR-90 for 7 days and treating with gefitinib, the growth of IMR-90 cells were increased compare to the control group. Fibrogenic markers, e.g. COL1A1 (Collagen, Type I, Alpha 1), α-SMA (alpha smooth muscle actin), FSP-1(Fibroblast-specific protein 1), etc. were all up-regulated. Conclusion: Our data suggest that EGFR inhibition leads to lung epithelial cell senescence via inhibiting TERT function and activating of the SASP pathway, which further activates fibroblasts and induces fribrogenesis. Continued studies are warranted to further understand the molecular signaling in this mechanism. Citation Format: Rongrong Wei, Wanqing Liu. EGFR-TERT cooperation in the development of EGFR-TKI treatment induced pulmonary fibrosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2851.
Reflections on light monitoring: Evaluating museum lighting options for modern and contemporary art

Spectrometric handheld light meters that can provide adequate data for evaluation of replacement bulbs for contemporary art objects are now commercially available. This approach was taken to assess potential replacements for the incandescent street lamps in Chris Burden's Urban Light at LACMA, Los Angeles, USA. These meters are also useful tools for monitoring and characterizing museum lighting, which are currently done with illuminance (lux) meters. The new spectral light meters will enable conservators to tailor lighting recommendations for individual artworks, when spectral information from these meters is combined with damage function data on artists’ materials. The latter information can be obtained for some materials by a small modification to the microfade testing procedure, as exemplified by microfading colored samples Henri Matisse created during the design phase for La Gerbe.
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Over the past 2 decades, the concept of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been proposed as an alternate path in the natural history of decompensated cirrhosis. ACLF thus is characterized by the presence of a precipitating event (identified or unidentified) in subjects with underlying chronic liver disease leading to rapid progression of liver injury and ending in multi-organ dysfunction characterized by high short-term mortality. Multiple organ failure and an increased risk for mortality are key to the diagnosis of ACLF. The prevalence of ACLF ranges from 24% to 40% in hospitalized patients. The pathophysiological basis of ACLF can be explained using the following 4-part model: predisposing event, injury caused by a precipitating event, response to injury, and organ failure. Although several mathematic scores have been proposed for identifying outcomes with ACLF, it is as yet unclear whether these organ failure scores are truly prognostic or only reflective of the dying process. Treatment paradigms continue to evolve but consist of early recognition, supportive intensive care, and consideration of liver transplantation before onset of irreversible multiple organ failure.
Making Sense When It Matters Most: An Exploratory Study of Leadership In Extremis:

Leading in in extremis situations, when lives are in peril, remains one of the least addressed areas of leadership research. Little is known about how leaders make sense in these dangerous situatio...
Is It Time to Reconsider Postoperative Epidural Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Elective Ventral Hernia Repair?: An AHSQC Analysis.

Objective:We aimed to evaluate the association of epidural analgesia (EA) with hospital length of stay (LOS), wound morbidity, postoperative complications, and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing ventral hernia repair (VHR).Background:EA has been shown to reduce LOS in certain surgical
Microwave Radiometric Aircraft Observations of the Fabry-Perot Interference Fringes of an Ice-Water System

The stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) has been developed at Langley for participation in a variety of remote sensing field experiments (Harrington, 1980). The unique feature of this radiometer is that four bandwidths and several integration times can be selected within a 4.5 to 7.2 GHz range for operation at either a fixed frequency or in a frequency scanning m le. This allows the experimenter to adjust the resolution of the particular measurement of interest and to avoid radio frequency interference by tuning the instrument to operate within a clear band. In addition, the frequency scanning capability provides a means to sample layered media, such as ice over water, by observing the characteristic Fabry-Perot interference fringes.