cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Friend or Foe? Mate Presence and Rival Type Influence Clothing-Based Female Intrasexual Competition

Evolutionary psychologists have brought attention to women’s intrasexual competition in ways that traditional perspectives have overlooked. Whereas most researchers have thus far focused on exploratory investigations of this phenomenon, we experimentally manipulated contextual factors that could affect intrasexual competition (e.g., rival type, presence of a potential mate) and assessed competitive behavior via clothing choice. Across two studies, female MTurk users (NStudy1 = 131; NStudy2 = 262) read a vignette describing an upcoming party then chose an outfit they would wear to that party from a set of clothing items that had been pre-rated on sexiness and revealingness by a separate sample (N = 100). Within the vignette, we inserted participant-provided initials to manipulate the presence of a crush and the familiarity and attractiveness of their female party companion. Unexpectedly, we found a significant difference between outfit ratings for separates compared with dresses, so we incorporated this into our model. In study 1, among women who chose dresses, those who imagined attending the party with a more attractive acquaintance and their crush present chose more attractive outfits than women in the less attractive acquaintance condition. However, no such pattern was found for women who chose separates or women in the close friend condition. In study 2, a pre-registered direct replication showed that women in the acquaintance condition chose more attractive outfits than women in the close friend condition, but only in the crush present condition. Women’s intrasexual competition mechanisms appear cost-sensitive and only prompt competitive tactics when rivals are particularly threatening.
Pathology Quiz Case 1

A 3-MONTH-OLD boy presented to our emergency department with a 1-month history of a left-sided neck mass. He was initially diagnosed as having bacterial lymphadenitis at an outside emergency department, and amoxicillin was prescribed. On the day of admission, he was brought to our emergency department because the neck mass had worsened and had spread to the back of his neck. He was febrile but was in no distress. His birth, medical, and family histories were unremarkable. His vital signs were as follows: temperature, 38.8°C; heart rate, 140 beats/min; respiration rate, 22 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 100/55 mm Hg. A 3 4-cm firm, nontender, nonerythematous mass was noted in the left posterior cervical area. The abdomen was soft and nontender. The edge of the liver was palpable 1 to 2 cm below the right costal margin. Laboratory data on admission revealed a white blood cell count of 50000/μL, with 23% band cells, 47% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 20% lymphocytes, 9% monocytes, and 1% eosinophils. The hemoglobin level was 8.4 g/dL, and the platelet count was 937 10/μL. A chest radiograph illustrated a left lower lobe infiltrate, and a computed tomographic scan revealed multiple hypolucent lesions in the left parapharyngeal space and neck (Figure 1). Surgical exploration was performed. A large parapharyngeal abscess and a 7-cm multiloculated cervical abscess were identified and drained. The surgical tissue revealed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate consistingof lymphocytes,neutrophils, and histiocytes (Figure 2). The contents of the abscess yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae. Intravenous ceftriaxone disodium therapy was initiated. The patient’s hospital course was complicated by recurrent cervical abscesses that required 2 additional surgical drainage procedures. The cultures continued to yield K pneumoniae, which was susceptible to ceftriaxone. A thoracoscopy and wedge biopsy of left lungwereperformedlater in thepatient’shospital course because of the persistent infiltrate and because a computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed a cavitary lesion. The surgical tissue showed well-formed granulomas, with epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, and central neutrophilic inflammation (Figure 3). A definitive diagnostic test was obtained. What is your diagnosis?
Modeling plasticity of cubic crystals using a nonlocal lattice particle method

Abstract In this paper, a novel nonlocal crystal plasticity lattice particle method (CPLPM) is proposed and verified for modeling plasticity of cubic crystals. The proposed CPLPM is fundamentally different from the classical crystal plasticity finite element method , in which the underlying lattice structures are explicitly incorporated in the model formulation and lattice rotation is used to represent the material anisotropy of crystals. As a first attempt to develop a comprehensive CPLPM framework, constitutive relations based on the Schmid’s law and rate-dependent crystal plasticity for infinitesimal deformations are formulated for single crystals of face-centered and body-centered cubic lattice structures. Slip-system-dependent plastic deformation is automatically handled using the underlying crystal topology incorporated in LPM. Numerical solution algorithms for global iteration and plasticity state variables update are discussed in detail. The validity and prediction accuracy of CPLPM are established using several numerical examples, e.g., perfectly plastic deformation of single crystals, plastic slip near crack tip, and the calibration and prediction of experimental results. The performance of the CPLPM algorithm is also discussed considering different viscous properties .
Clinical experience with adipose tissue enriched with adipose stem cells

Abstract Adipose tissue is in many regards an ideal filler for clinical practice. It is often abundant, can be collected with minimal donor site morbidity, and is valued for both its aesthetic appeal and its biocompatibility. Fat, however, functions as far more than filler and is unique in its ability to improve tissue quality. The mesenchymal niche of adipose tissue, that of the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), is a potent immunomodulatory, proangiogenic, and regulatory population within the stroma of whole adipose. The potency of these cells is such that several techniques have been developed to both maximize ASC viability at time of harvest and further enrich adipose autograft with ASCs to potentiate the ability of the grafts to integrate and improve the function of surrounding structures. Here, we will discuss the current state of fat grafting and ASCs in the clinical sphere, with a focus on current technologies, indications, and new developments likely to reach our patients in the near future.
Multi-Domain Ferroelectric FETs with Negative and Enhanced Positive Capacitance for Logic Applications

In this paper, we analyze the multi-domain (MD) ferroelectric FET (FEFET) as a non-hysteretic transistor with enhanced gate control for standard logic applications. We consider two regimes of operation i.e., when the ferroelectric (FE) layer acts as (1) an effective negative capacitor (NC) under soft domain-wall (DW) displacement and (2) an enhanced positive capacitor (EPC) in case of hard-DW with no displacement. Our analysis is based on the self-consistent 2D phase-field simulation of FEFET considering HZO as the FE layer. We analyze the MD induced non-homogeneous potential profile in FEFET and show that the MD NC and EPC phenomena lead to an improvement in the subthreshold-swing and mitigation of other short-channel effects compared to the conventional high-k FET (HKFET). Moreover, the presence of domain-wall (DW) and non-homogeneous potential profile in the FEFET channel leads to a unique transport and a robust gate length scaling behavior compared to the HKFETs, which signifies the benefits of MD FEFET for future scaled FET technologies.
Organisms Living Inside Others

In the light of continuing research, the traditional symbiosis definitions of the “living together of two or more unlike organisms,” based in large part on the discussions of A.B. Frank who first coined the term (Sapp, 1994) and A. DeBary who initially promoted the concept through lichen discussions (Ibid.), should perhaps be replaced by the “acquisition and active maintenance of one genome by another” (Zook, 1997) or the “acquisition of novel metabolic capability and structures” (Douglas, 1994). Such definitions avoid the oversimplifications inherent in such terms as “mutual benefit,” help focus the discipline appropriately on the microbial world, and indirectly promote the linkage of symbiosis to horizontal gene transfer mechanisms.
The CsoR‐like sulfurtransferase repressor (CstR) is a persulfide sensor in Staphylococcus aureus

How cells regulate the bioavailability of utilizable sulfur while mitigating the effects of hydrogen sulfide toxicity is poorly understood. CstR [Copper-sensing operon repressor (CsoR)-like sulfurtransferase repressor] represses the expression of the cst operon encoding a putative sulfide oxidation system in Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we show that the cst operon is strongly and transiently induced by cellular sulfide stress in an acute phase and specific response and that cst-encoded genes are necessary to mitigate the effects of sulfide toxicity. Growth defects are most pronounced when S. aureus is cultured in chemically defined media with thiosulfate (TS) as a sole sulfur source, but are also apparent when cystine is used or in rich media. Under TS growth conditions, cells fail to grow as a result of either unregulated expression of the cst operon in a ΔcstR strain or transformation with a non-inducible C31A/C60A CstR that blocks cst induction. This suggests that the cst operon contributes to cellular sulfide homeostasis. Tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry reveals derivatization of CstR by both inorganic tetrasulfide and an organic persulfide, glutathione persulfide, to yield a mixture of Cys31-Cys60' interprotomer cross-links, including di-, tri- and tetrasulfide bonds, which allosterically inhibit cst operator DNA binding by CstR.
Mastering the Machine: A Comparison of the Mouse and Touch Screen for Children's Use of Computers

Young children present special problems for the design of instructional computer interfaces. Because they lack the relevant language skills, the keyboard is not an effective input device for preschoolers. If young children cannot operate the computer, then even the best educational software will be unable to make them learn from it. We tested whether the mouse or touch screen provided an effective input device for preschoolers. The children were given four tasks, three of which involved selecting objects on the screen and one that required moving displayed objects. The touch screen showed clear advantages over the mouse on all four tasks. Both devices produced characteristic errors. The children tended to land on the touch screen with more than one finger. They often rotated the mouse while moving it, and had particular difficulty coordinating clicking and dragging. The results argue that the touch screen is the input device of choice for children's early computer use.
Performance Analysis of LEO Satellite Networks

We present an analytical model for computing call blocking probabilities in a LEO satellite network that carries voice calls. Both satellite-fixed and earth-fixed constellations with inter-orbit links and hand-offs are considered. The model is analyzed approximately by decomposing it into sub-systems. Each sub-system is solved in isolation exactly using a Markov process, and the individual results are combined together through an iterative method. Numerical results demonstrate that our method is accurate for a wide range of traffic patterns.
Long-lived nanosecond spin relaxation and spin coherence of electrons in monolayer MoS2 and WS2

A range of semiconductors can host both spin and valley polarizations. Optical experiments on single layers of transition metal dichalcogenides now show that inter-valley scattering can accelerate spin relaxation. The recently discovered monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provide a fertile playground to explore new coupled spin–valley physics1,2,3. Although robust spin and valley degrees of freedom are inferred from polarized photoluminescence (PL) experiments4,5,6,7,8, PL timescales are necessarily constrained by short-lived (3–100 ps) electron–hole recombination9,10. Direct probes of spin/valley polarization dynamics of resident carriers in electron (or hole)-doped TMDCs, which may persist long after recombination ceases, are at an early stage11,12,13. Here we directly measure the coupled spin–valley dynamics in electron-doped MoS2 and WS2 monolayers using optical Kerr spectroscopy, and reveal very long electron spin lifetimes, exceeding 3 ns at 5 K (two to three orders of magnitude longer than typical exciton recombination times). In contrast with conventional III–V or II–VI semiconductors, spin relaxation accelerates rapidly in small transverse magnetic fields. Supported by a model of coupled spin–valley dynamics, these results indicate a novel mechanism of itinerant electron spin dephasing in the rapidly fluctuating internal spin–orbit field in TMDCs, driven by fast inter-valley scattering. Additionally, a long-lived spin coherence is observed at lower energies, commensurate with localized states. These studies provide insight into the physics underpinning spin and valley dynamics of resident electrons in atomically thin TMDCs.
Gesture and Speech in the Vocabulary Explanations of One ESL Teacher: A Microanalytic Inquiry

This article takes a microanalytic perspective on the speech and gestures used by one teacher of English as a second language in her intensive English program classroom. Videotaped excerpts from her intermediate-level grammar course were transcribed to represent the speech, gesture, and other nonverbal behavior that accompanied unplanned explanations of vocabulary that arose during three focus-on-form lessons. The gesture classification system of McNeill (1992), which delineates different types of hand movements (iconics, metaphorics, deictics, beats), was used to understand the role the gestures played in these explanations. Results suggest that gestures and other nonverbal behavior are forms of input to classroom second language learners that must be considered a salient factor in classroom-based second language acquisition research.
The lived experience of ovarian cancer: a phenomenological approach.

Purpose: To describe the lived experience of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer using individual interviews. Data sources: Eleven women who had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer within the past five years were interviewed with open-ended guiding questions. The narrative responses were analyzed for constitutive patterns and relational themes according to Diekelmann and Allen's hermeneutic phenomenological process. Conclusions: This phenomenological study gave voice to the women's experience with ovarian cancer. The following six constitutive patterns and associated themes emerged: (a) The Revelation, (b) Jeopardy, (c) On the Lookout, (d) Becoming Normal, and (e) Living Every Moment. Implications for practice: An understanding of the common experiences and shared meanings of women with ovarian cancer may contribute to earlier diagnosis and improved quality of life. The women identified symptoms that should generate concern when reported to providers, potentially leading to diagnostic testing. The experiences may also serve to inform the development of interventions aimed at meeting the needs of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
Efficacy and predictability of soft tissue ablation using a prototype Raman-shifted alexandrite laser

Previous research showed that mid-infrared free-electron lasers could reproducibly ablate soft tissue with little collateral damage. The potential for surgical applications motivated searches for alternative tabletop lasers providing thermally confined pulses in the 6- to-7-µm wavelength range with sufficient pulse energy, stability, and reliability. Here, we evaluate a prototype Raman-shifted alexandrite laser. We measure ablation thresholds, etch rates, and collateral damage in gelatin and cornea as a function of laser wavelength (6.09, 6.27, or 6.43 µm), pulse energy (up to 3 mJ/pulse), and spot diameter (100 to 600 µm). We find modest wavelength dependence for ablation thresholds and collateral damage, with the lowest thresholds and least damage for 6.09 µm. We find a strong spot-size dependence for all metrics. When the beam is tightly focused (~100-µm diameter), ablation requires more energy, is highly variable and less efficient, and can yield large zones of mechanical damage (for pulse energies>1 mJ). When the beam is softly focused (~300-µm diameter), ablation proceeded at surgically relevant etch rates, with reasonable reproducibility (5% to 12% within a single sample), and little collateral damage. With improvements in pulse-energy stability, this prototype laser may have significant potential for soft-tissue surgical applications.
Penicillin-binding protein 7 and its relationship to lysis of nongrowing Escherichia coli.

Abstract The characteristics and possible physiological role(s) of a 30-kilodalton low-molecular-size penicillin-binding protein (PBP), PBP 7, in Escherichia coli were investigated. The amount of penicillin required to half saturate PBP 7 was approximately 5 micrograms/ml, and this PBP bound 15% of the total penicillin bound to all PBPs with a deacylation rate of greater than 120 min. This PBP was distinguishable from E. coli PBPs 1 to 6 by the pattern of [3H]penicillin-labeled peptides generated by partial proteolysis. A unique feature of PBP 7 was its capacity to bind numerous members of penem class antibiotics at relatively low concentrations. A striking correlation existed in drugs between capability of lysing amino acid-starved (nongrowing) E. coli and binding to PBP 7. The findings suggest that PBP 7 is a new, physiologically significant target for beta-lactam antibiotics.
Daniel Steinberg, 1922–2015

Daniel Steinberg, a pioneering investigator in the fields of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis and a major influence on treatment of hypercholesterolemia, died on March 14, 2015 at the age of 92. Dan’s scientific achievements included pioneering studies in fatty acid metabolism and hormone-sensitive lipase, elucidating the metabolic basis for Refsum’s disease, and development of innovative methods to measure lipoprotein synthesis and the sites of lipoprotein degradation in vivo. Although these accomplishments were the basis for his election to the National Academy of Sciences in 1982, Dan was just then embarking on what would become his most important scientific contribution: the discovery of the role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The MC68824 Token Bus Controller VLSI for the Factory LAN

This device has been designed to provide IEEE 802.4 media access control in factory networks employing the GM MAP protocol.
Transcutaneous laparoscopic hernia repair in children: a prospective review of 275 hernia repairs with minimum 2-year follow-up

Background Inguinal hernia in children is traditionally repaired through a groin incision by dissecting the hernia sac from the spermatic cord and suture ligating its base. A laparoscopic modification of this procedure involves placement of a transcutaneous suture around the neck of the sac through a 2-mm stab incision under visualization with an umbilically placed 2.7-mm 30o lens. We reviewed the clinical outcome of this novel procedure at our institution.
Effects of Educational Attainment and Occupational Status on Cognitive and Functional Decline in Persons With Alzheimer-Type Dementia

Researchers have suggested that educational attainment and occupational status—indicators of cognitive and/or neurologic “reserve”—can help persons compensate for clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as the rates of cognitive and functional decline. The effects of educational attainment on rates of decline could be “direct” (independent of occupational status), “indirect” (working through occupational status), or both. We used multilevel analysis for repeated measures to study the effects of educational attainment and occupational status on rates of decline in cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) and function (Cleveland Scale for Activities of Daily Living). Subject included persons with “probable” or “possible” AD, drawn from our Alzheimer's Disease Research Center registry (N = 482 in the analysis of cognitive decline, and N = 450 in the analysis of functional decline). When controlling for year of birth, gender, ethinicity, and duration of illness, we found that there was an inverse relationship between number of years of education and rate of decline in MMSE, but effects of occupational status were not significant. This implies a “direct” effect of education on decline in MMSE, but no “indirect” effect through occupational status. Neither educational attainment nor occupational status affected rate of decline in functional ability. We conclude that education slows the rate of cognitive decline in persons with AD, but not through its impact on occupational status. Thus the protective effects of reserve may be established early in life, before people enter the workforce.
From cancer gene expression data to simple vital rules

Microarray gene expression profiling technology generates huge high-dimensional data. Finding analysis techniques that can cope with such data characteristics is crucial in Bioinformatics. This paper proposes a variation of an ensemble learning approach combined with a clustering technique to extract “simple” and yet “vital” rules from genomic data. The paper describes the approach and evaluates it on cancer gene expression data sets. We report experimental results including comparisons with other results obtained from a similar ensemble learning approach as well as some sophisticated techniques such as support vector machines.
SYMMETRY-BREAKING BIFURCATIONS IN STOPPELLI’S PROBLEM FOR PSEUDO-RIGID BODIES

The work examines what changes can occur to the orbit of trivially equilibrating configurations for a pseudo-rigid body possessing a natural state when perturbing loads are applied. The question is analyzed by formulating it as a problem of bifurcation on a group orbit to which the theory of singularities applies. The analysis indicates how alterations of the orbit depend upon features of the perturbing load, and of the material composing the body.
Comparative Suitability of Whorl Stages of Sweet Corn for Establishment by Larvae of the Corn Earworm

The suitability of several growth stages of whorl-stage sweet corn for establishment of artificially introduced larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothls zea (Boddle), was studied. The frequency of establishment and survival increased proportionally with increasing maturity of the plant at the hme of infestation. Least survival (indicated by the presence of larvae at mid-green tassel) occurred at pre- to early-whorl, and maximum survival occurred at mid- to late-whorl. Natural regulation of larval populations was affected by rainfall and by a tachanid parasite, Archytas marmoratus (Townsend).
Dislocations moving uniformly on the interface between isotropic media of different elastic properties

Abstract The elastic displacements solution is obtained for screw and for edge dislocations moving on the interface between two isotiopic media of different elastic properties and different densities. This problem has application to any diffusionless transformation involving dislocations on the transformation interface. The self-energy of a dislocation is found to become infinite at the slowest sound velocity. The threshold velocity is found to lie between the Rayleigh wave velocities of the two media. This velocity can exist only within a limited range of the elastic constants. The existence of the Kshelby singular dislocation velocity likewise is limited to a range of values of the elastic constants.
Final laboratory results of visible nulling with dielectric plates

Nulling stellar interferometry may enable the discovery of earth-like planets around other stars. In nulling mode, the zero order fringe is destructive and on axis, thus cancelling light from a bright source and allowing detection of dimer off-axis features. To create a deep on-axis null, the phase must be shifted half a wave achromatically over a broad band. The phase shift is created by adding optical path thickness with dielectric plates. Plates of different materials can balance dispersion. The nulling solutions found for TPF (infrared) and SIM (visible) are promising. This paper presents the final results of a dissertation that developed a nulling beam combiner testbed. The deepest null achieved over the spectral region of 600 to 800 nm was 7x10 -3 . The test bed revealed the extreme challenges of this technique and provided very valuable lessons to enable further implementations. The testbed first achromatized the null by actively controlling the optical thicknesses of the plates. The phase as a function of wavelength was measured by PSI on a spectrally dispersed fringe. The phase was fit to a model to determine the optical thicknesses. The eigenfunctions of the model were nearly collinear and consequently the dynamic range required of the phase data was very high and not supported by the hardware. The testbed then searched for the null fringe and locked on the null using a 300 Hz servo loop and on a grey fringe. The OPD was stabilized to 6 nm peak-to-valley.
Role of the major capsid protein of phage T4 in DNA packaging from structure-function and site-directed mutagenesis studies.

Abstract Heat cleavage of asp-pro peptide bonds was used to probe the primary structures of the Phage T4 major capsid protein precursor, gp23, its mature capsid form gp23 ∗ , and a DNA-dependent ATPase, called capsizyme. This analysis suggests that capsizyme is a gp23 ∗∗ resulting from the N-terminal processing found in gp23 ∗ as well as shortening at the C-terminus. Photoaffinity labeling with Azido-ATP and BrU-DNA, followed by heat cleavage, suggests binding sites for these compounds toward the C-terminus of gp23 ∗∗ , suggesting localization of functions within the gp23 primary sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments were targeted therefore to the C-terminal end of g23 as well as to its processing sites. N-terminal processing site modification supports the consensus gp21 proteinase cleavage rule, whereas mutagenesis at the C-terminus suggests that the C-terminal alteration is unlikely to result from a gp21-morphogenesis proteinase cleavage. Amino acid replacements in gp23 at newly introduced amber sites reveal a new g23 mutant phenotype, defective partially DNA-filled heads, in support of the hypothesis that gp23 and its products function directly in the DNA packaging mechanism.
Product diversification: where to draw the line

ESTABLISHING the right degree of diversification needed for a company's product lines can be a vexing task. In their eagerness to offer variety and selectivity to the customer, sales people tend to push for an ever increasing variety of models, designs, styles, patterns, colours and sizes. In contrast cost conscious production people may view this proliferation with misgivings. They realize only too well the tremendous toll—in terms of additional set‐up times, scheduling problems, training tasks and other expenses—that can result from needless diversity.
On Estimating the Swapping Rate for Categorical Data

When analyzing data, it is important to account for all sources of noise. Public use datasets, such as those provided by the Census Bureau, often undergo additional perturbations designed to protect confidentiality. This source of noise is generally ignored in data analysis because crucial parameters and details about its implementation are withheld. In this paper, we consider the problem of inferring such parameters from the data. Specifically, we target data swapping, a perturbation technique commonly used by the U.S. Census Bureau and which, barring practical breakthroughs in disclosure control, will be used in the foreseeable future. The vanilla version of data swapping selects pairs of records and exchanges some of their attribute values. The number of swapped records is kept secret even though it is needed for data analysis and investigations into the confidentiality protection of individual records. We propose algorithms for estimating the number of swapped records in categorical data, even when the true data distribution is unknown.
An investigation of heat and mass transfer in oscillating flows at high acoustic reynolds numbers

Heat transfer in an oscillating flow at high acoustic Reynolds number has been investigated using the mass-transfer analogy. Subliming naphthalene has been used in the experiments. In these experiments the acoustic Reynolds number was varied over a range from well below the values where acoustically generated turbulence is expected to occur to values above the anticipated transition value. A mass transfer (or heat transfer) rate increasing with Reynolds number, as would be expected with a turbulent flow, is observed, but beginning at Reynolds numbers an order of magnitude below the expected turbulent transition values and continuing with the same form to values well above the transition Reynolds number.
515: Cesarean delivery in extreme preterm birth does not improve survival or survival without severe morbidity

515 Cesarean delivery in extreme preterm birth does not improve survival or survival without severe morbidity Michael Trifiro, Sima Parmar, Guibo Xing, Bryon Jacoby University of California Davis Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacramento, CA, University of California Davis Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Sacramento, CA, University of California Davis Medical Center, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, CA OBJECTIVE: To determine if mode of delivery affects survival of extremely preterm neonates. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study of early preterm deliveries between 22 weeks 0 days and 27 weeks 6 days occurring between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009 at the University of California Davis Medical Center. Genetic abortions and inductions for stillbirths were not included. Maternal characteristics, obstetrical data, and neonatal information were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate obstetrical and neonatal factors associated with total survival and survival without a severe morbidity. Severe morbidities included intraventricular hemorrhage 3, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity 3, necrotizing enterocolitis, or broncho-pulmonary dysplasia. RESULTS: Over the study period, 238 early preterm births occurred. Factors associated with improved survival included weeks gestation (p 0.0001), birthweight (p 0.0001), female gender (OR 2.12 95% CI 1.20-3.72), and steroid administration (OR 4.85 95% CI 2.678.83). 146 deliveries were by cesarean section and 92 deliveries were vaginal. Delivery by cesarean section was associated with improved survival in univariate analysis (OR 2.15 95% CI1.23-3.77), but this association was not significant in multivariate analysis adjusting for birthweight, gender and steroid administration (OR 1.85 95% CI 0.89-3.87). There was no association with cesarean section and survival to discharge without severe morbidity in univariate (OR 1.35 95% CI 0.79-2.28) or multivariate analyses (OR 1.15 95% CI 0.582.27). CONCLUSION: Delivery of the extremely preterm neonate is complicated with limited data to guide care and counseling. A limited number of studies have compared mode of delivery in extreme preterm birth and there is insufficient evidence to support cesarean delivery in extremely preterm neonates. In this study, cesarean delivery was not associated with total survival or survival without severe morbidity in multivariate analysis.
Solution of quasilinear two-point boundary-value problems by the method of pseudolinear equations

On presente une variante de la methode de la transformation de Legendre pour une classe de problemes a 2 points limites vectoriels quasilineaires d'ordre pair. On deduit des bornes d'erreur a posteriori
Evidence for the innate basis of the hue dimension in the duckling.

Abstract Different groups of ducklings reared under sodium monochromatic light (589 nanometers) and under white light were trained to discriminate between the stimulus correlated with reinforcement (589 nanometers), and the stimulus correlated with extinction, whole value was either 570 or 610 nanometers. The peaks of subsequently obtained gradients of wavelength generalization of both groups were displaced away from the stimulus correlated with extinction. The peaks of the groups trained not to respond to 570 nanometers were located at 600 nanometers. The peaks of the groups trained not to respond to 610 nanometers were located at 580 nanometers. These results (in agreement with earlier data of Rudolph and Honig, 1972) suggest that ducklings have an innate basis for ordering stimuli of different wavelengths along the hue dimension.
Two different mechanisms control inhibition of spike discharge in neurons of cat motor cortex after stimulation of the pyramidal tract.

Abstract Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the motor cortex of awake cats while the pyramidal tract (PT) was stimulated at the level of the facial nucleus. In some neurons IPSPs of 35–120 ms peak latency were recorded that diminished in size or reversed with hyperpolarizing current. During these IPSPs a decrease in input resistance reflective of a conductance increase was measured. More often, however, PT stimulation produced IPSPs with comparable latencies that increased in size with hyperpolarizing current. These IPSPs diminished with depolarizing current, and in some instances they appeared to reverse with strong depolarization. During these IPSPs an increased input resistance reflective of a decreased conductance was measured. The results indicate that two different mechanisms control rapid inhibition of spike discharge in neurons of the motor cortex after PT stimulation.
Glycine Receptors Containing α2 or α3 Subunits Regulate Specific Ethanol-Mediated Behaviors

Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are broadly expressed in the central nervous system. Ethanol enhances the function of brain GlyRs, and the GlyRα1 subunit is associated with some of the behavioral actions of ethanol, such as loss of righting reflex. The in vivo role of GlyRα2 and α3 subunits in alcohol responses has not been characterized despite high expression levels in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, areas that are important for the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse. We used an extensive panel of behavioral tests to examine ethanol actions in mice lacking Glra2 (the gene encoding the glycine receptor alpha 2 subunit) or Glra3 (the gene encoding the glycine receptor alpha 3 subunit). Deletion of Glra2 or Glra3 alters specific ethanol-induced behaviors. Glra2 knockout mice demonstrate reduced ethanol intake and preference in the 24-hour two-bottle choice test and increased initial aversive responses to ethanol and lithium chloride. In contrast, Glra3 knockout mice show increased ethanol intake and preference in the 24-hour intermittent access test and increased development of conditioned taste aversion to ethanol. Mutants and wild-type mice consumed similar amounts of ethanol in the limited access drinking in the dark test. Other ethanol effects, such as anxiolysis, motor incoordination, loss of righting reflex, and acoustic startle response, were not altered in the mutants. The behavioral changes in mice lacking GlyRα2 or α3 subunits were distinct from effects previously observed in mice with knock-in mutations in the α1 subunit. We provide evidence that GlyRα2 and α3 subunits may regulate ethanol consumption and the aversive response to ethanol.
Aggregate flow model for evaluating ATC planning strategies

An aggregate traffic flow model is developed and used to evaluate the potential benefits of automated, facility-level, on-line air traffic flow control. Most present air traffic models simulate, in varying levels of detail, the movement of individual aircraft, which results in considerable computational requirements. However, the model described here essentially monitors and dynamically adjusts traffic flow rates and traffic densities on the routes in the ATC network. The route flow adjustments are based on controller workload criteria, with the intent of eliminating traffic surges and the associated periods of excessive workload. The model is used to evaluate two flow control strategies with respect to aircraft delay, controller workload, and staffing considerations at Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center.
Reduction and alkylation of immunoglobulins from normal, irradiated and splenectomized rabbits.

SummaryThe L chain patterns of reduced and alkylated γ-globulin preparations from splenectomized, irradiated and normal rabbits were compared by starch gel electrophoresis. Animals irradiated with their spleen shielded produced γ-globulin with L chains similar to those of splenectomized and normal rabbits. Thus, the L chains formed in the spleen apparently do not differ electrophoretically from the L chains of γ-globuln formed in other organs.I wish to thank Dr. F. Haurowitz, under whose supervision this study took place, for helpful discussion and suggestions, L. Hopper for technical assistance, and Dr. Charles D. Barnes for help and advice in irradiation of the animals.
Does vascular access monitoring work

It is widely accepted that surveillance with correction of stenosis before thrombosis prolongs hemodialysis graft survival. However, few prospective randomized controlled trials have confirmed the efficacy of this approach. Most studies have been nonrandomized or have included historic rather than concurrent controls. Although graft dysfunction as assessed by blood flow determination has been widely recognized as the surveillance method of choice, all fully randomized prospective studies that have found a benefit in terms of decreased thrombosis or increased survival have evaluated stenosis and the benefit has only been in new grafts. Finally, the accuracy of blood flow measurements as determined by ultrasound dilution in predicting thrombosis is controversial. Some have reported that predictive accuracy is adequate, whereas others have reached the opposite conclusion. Thus, further studies are needed to explore the effectiveness of surveillance with intervention in improving graft survival. Until such studies establish the use of surveillance programs, surveillance of all grafts using blood-flow monitoring cannot be supported.
Postsynthesis modification of alum inophosphates by reaction with silicon tetrachloride

Abstract Silicon tetrachloride was reacted with fixed beds of AIP0 4 -5 at temperatures between 450 and 750°C. Crystalline samples which showed properties different from the parent AIPO 4 -5 materials resulted from most treatments. Samples were prepared with silicon mole fractions between 0.04 to 0.11 and oxygen monolayer volumes between 19.6 and 82.2 STP cm 3 /g. The samples showed increasing silicon content and decreasing oxygen monolayer volumes for increasing treatment temperature. The samples showing the smaller O 2 monolayer volumes may have silicon-rich material in the pores. Crystalline, aluminum phosphate (AIPO 4 -5), and the modified samples were characterized by ammonia titration, pyridine IR spectroscopy, and two probe reactions: toluene methylation and cumene cracking. These SiCl 4 -treated samples showed ammonia retentions 50–80% greater than those of the untreated sample and toluene methylation activities three to four times that of the untreated AIPO 4 -5. However, the SiCl 4 treatment conferred to the samples no increase in cumene cracking rates and the pyridine IR spectra over the modified samples showed only Lewis-bound pyridine, which was observed in the untreated AIP0 4 -5. The xylene product distribution for the methylation reaction over the modified AIPO 4 -5 ( o / p / m = 0.51/0.27/0.22) was similar to that expected for a Freidel-Crafts alkylation ( o / p / m = 0.54/0.29/0.17).
Predicting disease by using data mining based on healthcare information system

This paper applies the data mining process to predict hypertension from patient medical records with eight other diseases. A sample with the size of 9862 cases has been studied. The sample was extracted from a real world Healthcare Information System database containing 309383 medical records. We observed that the distribution of patient diseases in the medical database is imbalanced. Under-sampling technique has been applied to generate training data sets, and data mining tool Weka has been used to generate the Naive Bayesian and J-48 classifiers. In addition, an ensemble of five J-48 classifiers was created trying to improve the prediction performance, and rough set tools were used to reduce the ensemble based on the idea of second-order approximation. Experimental results showed a little improvement of the ensemble approach over pure Naive Bayesian and J-48 in accuracy, sensitivity, and F-measure.
Rapid charging strategy in the constant voltage mode for a high power Li-Ion battery

In this paper, a fast charging strategy of a Li-Ion battery charger operating in constant voltage (CV) mode is investigated. Typically, in CV mode, high potential is induced across the battery. This increases battery losses and charging time. In addition, a high power stacking battery has an unknown parasitic parameter due to series or parallel connections between batteries. This gives rise to unstable conditions for the battery charger. The relationship between these is analyzed for a robust charging control strategy. The proposed rapid charging control strategy is to use a multi stage current with respect to the battery's internal impedance. Experimental results based on a 40Ah Li-ion battery charger are used to validate and demonstrate the performance of the proposed control scheme. Based on the proposed control scheme, the charging time was reduced when compared with conventional CV mode control.
Integrated criminal justice: ARJIS case study

In this paper we provide project highlights of our ongoing case study of am integrated criminal justice system (San Diego, California's Automated Regional Justice Information System or ARJIS). We develop this case to be used in a comparative analysis of other, similar, systems. Our focus is on better understanding and theorizing on complex web of relationships among work, the structure and governance of social institutions, and technological architectures. Our intent is to further principles of socio-technical design regarding computerization (an aspect of social informatics). Our work to date leads us to a set of concepts we are calling organic development. Organic development reflects a strategic use of top-down and bottom-up design principles, demands strategic leadership, and open design principles.
FURTHER STUDIES ON TYPHUS FEVER : ON HOMOLOGOUS ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST THE EUROPEAN STRAIN OF TYPHUS FEVER.

1. Guinea pigs can be actively immunized against European typhus fever with homologous formalinized Rickettsia tissue cultures, provided sufficient amounts are injected. The method is suggested for practical application in man. 2. Serovaccination against European typhus fever can be successfully applied to guinea pigs by a variety of methods, the simplest of which consists of the injection of mixtures of virulent defibrinated guinea pig blood and convalescent guinea pig serum taken from 3 to 5 days after defervescence. Similar results can be obtained with mixtures in which tissue culture virus, either with convalescent guinea pig serum or with antimurine horse serum, is used. There is no indication so far that such animals become carriers. Possible application of these methods to typhus epidemics is discussed.
Effects of colchicine on myofilament arrangement and the lysosomal system in skeletal muscle.

Colchicine was intraperitoneally administered chronically to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The ultrastructural study of hind-limb muscles revealed that myofilament desorientation resulted. Bundles of myofilaments were found coursing perpendicular or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the muscle fiber. It is concluded that a colchicine-sensitive factor is involved in maintaining normal orientation of myofibrils in mature muscle. Also found in the sarcoplasm of the colchicine treated animals were complex spheromembranous bodies. These bodies enveloped mitochondria or other organelles and appeared to be derived from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The lysosomal nature of these bodies is indicated by the localization of acid phosphatase activity in them. Acid phosphatase activity was also displayed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The spheromembranous bodies seem to be part of a sarcotubulo-lysosomal system in skeletal muscle.
Sustainability Indicators for Grinding Applied to Dressing Strategies

Author(s): Linke, BS | Abstract: Growing environmental awareness leads production engineers to focus increasingly on energy and material efficiency of manufacturing processes. However, only a few holistic approaches have been applied on the manufacturing process level and they often disregard product quality. In this study, sustainability indicators for the discrete manufacturing process of grinding are defined and discussed. Various temporal and spatial boundaries for the sustainability analysis are evaluated with regard to their effect on the results. Selected indicators, here energy and waste intensity, are then used to evaluate different dressing strategies in a case study. This study highlights the challenges in setting the boundaries for a sustainability analysis and stresses the importance of clearly defining these in research papers. © 2014 by ASME.
Recovery of nuclear magnetization under extreme inhomogeneous broadening

A quantitative model is presented for the transient recovery of nuclear magnetization under conditions where nuclear spin dipolar relaxation to dilute relaxation centers proceeds without the intermediary of nuclear spin diffusion. The model is developed for rigid arrays in three, two, and one dimensions. Comparison with experimental results yields measures of effective relaxation rates and relaxation center concentrations. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}