cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crop water use and stage-specific crop coefficients for irrigated cotton in the mid-south, United States

Abstract Regional variations in environmental conditions, cultivars, and management practices necessitate locally derived tools for crop water use estimation and irrigation scheduling. A study was conducted in northeast Louisiana (mid-south US) aimed at estimating daily crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and thus, developing local crop coefficient (Kc) curves for irrigated upland cotton. ETc was determined using paired weighing lysimeters installed near the middle of a 1-ha cotton field and planted with cotton as in the rest of the surrounding field, while ETo was calculated using the Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation (SREE) developed by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), using estimates of weather variables from a nearby standard reference weather station. Stage-specific Kc values averaged over 2 years were 0.42, 1.25 and 0.70 for initial, midseason, and end season stages of cotton, respectively. The initial-stage Kc value was approximately 26% lower than the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)-adjusted initial Kc value. The mid- and end-season Kc values obtained in the study were approximately 6% and 11% greater, respectively, than the FAO-adjusted Kc values for the corresponding stages. The observed differences among the local stage-specific Kc values (especially at initial growth stage of cotton) and the FAO-adjusted initial Kc values could be attributed to regional variations in environmental conditions, cultivars, and management practices. The ETc and Kc values obtained from this study provide research-based information for future studies and the development of Kc-based irrigation tools in this region.
Morphometric MRI study of hippocampal shape in MCI using spherical harmonics

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by memory complaints and impairment in the absence of dementia and confers a high risk for AD. Identifying medial temporal morphological abnormalities, in circuits required for learning and memory, may be critical for early diagnosis and treatment of MCI and AD. Objective: Volumetric analysis can identify hippocampal atrophy in MCI, but does not localize the structural changes. Shape analysis has the potential to provide important information beyond volume and may localize regionally specific structural changes in the absence of volume differences. This study performed hippocampal shape analysis aiming at a global and local quantitative representation of shape changes in MCI. Methods: Participants were 40 adults with amnestic MCI (age 72.5 3.3), 40 adults with cognitive complaints (CC) but no impairment (72.6 2.6), and 42 normal controls (CN) (70.8 2.6). MRI data were a T1-weighted SPGR coronal series acquired on a GE 1.5T LX magnet. The hippocampi were segmented using BRAINS software. The left and right hippocampi were treated as a single shape configuration. The spherical harmonics (SPHARM) description was used for surface modeling, with the parameter space being aligned according to the first order ellipsoid for surface correspondence. After normalizing for the total volume, landmarks were created by uniform surface sampling (Figure 1(a,b)) and aligned by a quaternion-based algorithm. For each landmark, the local shape change was defined as the distance between an individual and the mean along the normal direction of the mean surface. Surface signals were modeled as Gaussian random fields. Heat kernel smoothing was employed to increase SNR on the hippocampal surface (Figure 1(c)) and statistical inference was performed via random fields theory. Conclusions: The results of group analyses (t-maps in Figure 2) show that statistically significant regions of shape changes only appear between CN and MCI. The CC group showed a more intermediate pattern. The structural changes in MCI were primarily located in the anterior right hippocampus and posterior left hippocampus (Figure 3). Shape analysis has the potential to inform early detection and is likely to be useful for longitudinal monitoring of response to therapeutic agents. P-121 RESTING FDG-PET IN NEUROLOGICALLY NORMAL INDIVIDUALS REPORTING DREAM ENACTMENT BEHAVIOR: PRECLINICAL DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES?
Three School-University Partnerships for Teacher Development

A formal, contractual school-university partnership is described that has evolved over 25 years through an ongoing conversation among district teachers and administrators, local teacher federation members and leaders, and college faculty and administrators. The article focuses on the exchange of services agreement that funds the partnership at no cost to either party, a brief description of three programs that have grown out of the complementary needs of the parties to the partnership, and the benefits that have accrued to the schools, the university, and the individuals involved.
Correlation of Behavior with Electroencephalographic Studies in Alcoholism

Electroencephalographic studies of patients suffering from alcoholism have revealed, in over one thousand cases studied, a significant correlation between abnormal behavior patterns and electroencephalographic patterns. Some behavior patterns are continuous but many are episodic. Some are the product of long continued abuse of alcohol but many stem from the toxic effects of alcohol on previously damaged brains, either by trauma or other etiologic agents. Some, of course, are alcoholic withdrawal syndromes. Some result from the synergistic effect of alcohol and other agents, usually drugs.
Interactions Between Organisms and Their Environment

This chapter is a discussion of the factors that control the growth of populations of organisms. Evolutionary fitness is measured by the ability to have fertile offspring. Selection pressure is due to both biotic and abiotic factors and is usually very subtle, expressing itself over long time periods. In the absence of constraints, the growth of populations would be exponential, rapidly leading to very large population numbers. The collection of environmental factors that keep populations in check is called environmental resistance, which consists of density-independent and density-dependent factors. Some organisms, called r-strategists, have short reproductive cycles marked by small prenatal and postnatal investments in their young and by the ability to capitalize on transient environmental opportunities. Their numbers usually increase very rapidly at first, but then decrease very rapidly when the environmental opportunity disappears. Their deaths are due to climatic factors that act independently of population numbers. Adifferent lifestyle is exhibited byK-strategists, who spend a lot of energy caring for their relatively infrequent young, under relatively stable environmental conditions. As the population grows, density-dependent factors such as disease, predation, and competition act to maintain the population at a stable level. A moderate degree of crowding is often beneficial, however, allowing mates and prey to be located. From a practical standpoint, most organisms exhibit a combination of r- and K-strategic properties. The composition of plant and animal communities often changes over periods of many years, as the members make the area unsuitable for themselves. This process of succession continues until a stable community, called a climax community, appears.
The Deskilling Controversy

The thesis that capitalism continues to degrade and deskill work in the twentieth century, creating an ever more unskilled proletariat, has been forcefully argued by Harry Braverman and his colleag...
Firstness and Phenomenology—Peirce and Husserl on Attitude Change

Close encounters between Peirce and Husserl elucidate ties between Semiotics, Law and Philosophy. Peirce’s idea of firstness, consequently followed by secondness and thirdness, has been widely discussed in many Peirce texts and interpretations. The idea is a key concept that inspired semiotics. We conclude in hindsight that not thirdness but firstness needs full attention in philosophy and semiotics. Explaining firstness as an attitude inherent to the sign, Peirce refers to phenomenology as a major field of semiotics, so that semiotics can reveal the structure of legal thinking. There are remarkable parallels to this firstness in twentieth century philosophy. We highlight the “Einstellungsanderung”, (attitude change, or change of approach) in Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology, which makes us understand the complex structure of transcendental phenomenology in its close relationship with semiosis and semiotics. Peirce and Husserl accompany and even foreshadow the linguistic turn of modern philosophy and its implicit phenomenology of social relations. We need to decide whether semiotics is only to be applied in legal practice and legal scholarship, or the application be transcended in the law-semiotics relationship by changing its predominance and stimulating an attitude change, for instance as re-engineering law through its semiotic approach. This also depends on the question what materials might determine future legal cases. Semiotics is important where virtual reality, and where dimensions of reality created by nanotechnology play a predominant role in the context of our future cases. The character of firstness changes and highlights the relevance of semiotics.
Colony Genetic Structure of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) from Natural Populations in Nebraska

Abstract Genetic markers are a powerful tool to investigate the breeding structure and population genetics of subterranean termites. In this study, 10 - 20 subterranean termite workers, Reticuliter...
Influence of run of river dams on floodplain sediments and carbon dynamics

Abstract Quantifying the biophysical impacts of management on river and stream ecosystems is an important issue that requires understanding of ecological, hydrological and geomorphological processes. We conducted a year-long ecogeomorphological experiment to determine sedimentation and carbon cycling differences between run-of-river (ROR) dams in a 200 year old impounded floodplain and a floodplain that was formerly impounded > 65 years ago. Our study shows that ROR dams do not necessarily enhance floodplain sedimentation or carbon storage, but promote brief periods of sediment CH 4 flux (up to 2.91 nmol CH 4 m − 2 s − 1 ) to the atmosphere. Removal of a ROR dam may result in channel widening, and removal by lateral transport (i.e., erosion) of nearly 14 MgC per floodplain. We did not find significant differences in mean sediment CO 2 fluxes or temperature sensitivity (Q 10 = 2.1 ± 0.4) of CO 2 efflux among floodplains. All floodplains were likely an annual net source of sediment CO 2 flux (annual mean of 2.12 ± 0.974 μmol CO 2 m − 2 s − 1 ) to the atmosphere, and a sink for atmospheric CH 4 (annual mean of − 0.221 ± 0.163 nmol CH 4 m − 2 s − 1 ). We provide a conceptual model on the management consequences on ROR dam structures for floodplain sedimentation/erosion, and sediment carbon cycling.
Optimal Vortex Ring Formation at the Exit of a Shock Tube

Formation of vortex rings at the exit of a shock tube is studied theoretically. A model for predicting the maximum circulation that a vortex ring can attain at the exit of a shock tube is offered. To achieve maximum circulation the initial conditions and the design of the driver and driven sections must be such that the generated shock wave reaches the shock tube exit at least 4Dn/^2 time units (Dn is the nozzle diameter and U2 is the fluid velocity behind the shock wave) before the leading front of the expansion waves arrives at the shock tube exit. A simple way to satisfy this condition is to design a shock tube with long driver and short driven sections. The model is verified by comparison with available computational and experimental data.
Comparison of Angular Velocity Estimation Methods for Spinning Spacecraft

Spinning spacecraft often rely on sensors other than gyroscopes for estimation of the angular velocity. This work compares the estimated angular velocity from several algorithms for a spinning spacecraft. All the methods use a quaternion generated by a star sensor. Two methods utilize quaternion difierentiation to obtain the estimated rate, the results of which are compared to three Extended Kalman Filters. One fllter estimates the attitude and angular velocity, and the other two incorporate data from a low cost MEMS gyroscope. The results from all the methods are compared for a range of star sensor measurement frequencies and during an attitude maneuver.
The generic drug scandal and its implications for pharmacy professionals.

The current furor surrounding the generic drug approval process adds to the continuing debate over generic drug products
Protecting Students from Racial Discrimination in Public Schools

The school to prison pipeline has become an increasingly popular topic of research in the field of Criminal Justice. These analyses focus on the racial biases that affect how disciplinary measures are given in public schools, and the increased probability that a child will end up in the system of corrections after being disciplined. Moreover, evidence suggests that minority children are segregated into the “slower” classes or special needs groups. While the findings suggests that these actions have been manifesting with shocking consistency in the public school system, a combination of recent empirical studies from various disciplines has uncovered another disturbing, yet consistent trend. Economically disadvantaged families are consistently segregated into poorer areas, which consequently confines them into lower quality school districts. Citizens who are overrepresented in the groups of those experiencing the harmful effects of societal discrimination are minorities, especially young African-American males. Yet, these empirical discoveries appear continuously overlooked when new reform policies are created for public schools and states alike. Initial empirical findings suggest that homogenous schooling may be a viable solution to the plight faced by juveniles in public school systems, and could diminish the overrepresentation of minorities in the school to prison pipeline. This chapter examines these issues and charts the feasibility of fostering homogenous schooling.
Electrodynamics of the conducting polymer polyaniline on the insulating side of the metal-insulator transition

Conducting polymer samples of polyaniline (PANI) exhibit a dramatic change in their conductivity as a function of protonation level, analogous with the changes in the transport properties of semiconductors upon doping. In this paper, PANI samples were prepared by protonating with varying concentrations of hydrochloric acid. The complex terahertz frequency-dependent conductivity and the dc conductivity of these samples were measured and analyzed in the framework of the disorder-driven, metal-insulator quantum phase transition. The samples were determined to all fall in the insulating phase of this phase transition. The frequency dependence of both the real and imaginary terahertz conductivity are found to be consistent with theories that include electronic correlation effects.
On “Neutron Fluence at the Pressure Vessel of a Pressurized Water Reactor Determined by the MCNP Code”

(1996). On “Neutron Fluence at the Pressure Vessel of a Pressurized Water Reactor Determined by the MCNP Code”. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 124, No. 2, pp. 364-367.
Spicy. Exotic. Creature. Representations of Racial and Ethnic Minorities on RuPaul’s Drag Race

Jenkins performs an intersectional, feminist textual analysis of the first four seasons (2009–2012) of RuPaul’s Drag Race (RPDR) and its spinoff show, RuPaul’s Drag Race: Untucked!, to answer the question: How does RPDR reinforce or subvert racial and ethnic stereotypes? Jenkins employs theory from a number of disciplines, including critical race theory and multiple feminist theories. The contestants featured in the chapter include BeBe Zahara Benet, Alexis Mateo, Carmen Carrera, Madame LaQueer, Kenya Michaels, Manila Luzon, and Raja. Jenkins concludes that although RPDR does engage in some subversive behavior on an intersectional level, it ultimately reinforces harmful racist and xenophobic stereotypes.
Dynamics of rebounding Bacillus subtilis spores determined using image-charge detection

A novel image-charge detection technique was used to investigate the mechanical elasticity of bare bacterial spores during high-velocity impact. Spores of Bacillus subtilis introduced to vacuum using electrospray and aerodynamic acceleration impacted and rebounded off of a glass plate. A dual-stage, asymmetric image-charge detector measured the velocity and direction of each spore both before and after impact with the glass surface. Two ranges of impact velocity were investigated, with average initial velocities of 197 ± 17 and 145 ± 12 m/s. Impacts were strongly inelastic, with most of the translational kinetic energy lost upon impact, similar to polystyrene particles of similar size under similar impact velocities. Specifically, 69% (± 16%) and 74% (± 11%) of initial kinetic energy was lost in impacts at the two velocity ranges, respectively. The average coefficients of restitution for the two velocity regimes were 0.53 ± 0.15 and 0.49 ± 0.12. There was no statistically significant difference in the fractional kinetic energy loss between these two populations. The variance of these results is much larger than experiments using polystyrene spheres of comparable size. These results imply significant plastic deformation of the spore—a striking result given that spores of this strain of B. subtilis are known to survive impacts on glass at these velocities. Triboelectric charge transfer during impact was also observed. Although much is known about spore elasticity from static measurements, this is the first study to investigate the elastic properties of bacterial spores in a dynamic scenario, as well as the first demonstration of an image charge detector for measurements of rebounding particles.
Lower Body Strength-Training Versus Proprioceptive Exercises on Vertical Jump Capacity: A Feasibility Study.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of completing a study comparing the impact of lower body strength training to proprioceptive exercises on vertical jump capacity. Methods Thirty-nine college students (age 27.9 ± 6.4 y, height 1.69 ± 0.10 m, body mass 73.4 ± 15.9 kg: mean ± standard deviation) underwent baseline and post-testing of their vertical jump capacity using a Vertical Challenger and VICON motion analysis system. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 interventional groups between testing sessions: (1) lower body strength training, (2) lower body proprioceptive training, and (3) a no training control. Group 1 underwent supervised exercises 3 days a week at 2 sets of 12 repetitions of squats, seated knee extensions, standing knee flexions, and standing calf raises at approximately 25% of their body weight. Group 2 participants engaged in 4 supervised proprioceptive exercise stations 3 days a week involving BOSU ball stance, Rocker board, Bodyblade, and 1-legged stance exercises at 4 minutes per station. A between–within repeated-measures analysis of variance using between-participants factor "group" and within-participants factor "time" (baseline and post-test) was used to analyze data. Results Analysis of group × time indicated a small positive improvement in overall group performance for jump height at post-test, F (2,36) = 5.527, P = .008, r = 0.36. However, post hoc testing identified no statistically significant difference between groups for dependent variables. Conclusions This study determined that it was feasible to complete a study to compare 2 groups, but more than 1 week would be required to observe differences between lower body weight training and lower body proprioceptive training on vertical jump.
Contraceptive Strategies in Women With Heart Failure or With Cardiac Transplantation

We describe contraception for two groups of women: (1) women with heart failure and (2) women with cardiac transplantation. Medical Eligibility Criteria for contraceptive agents address women with peripartum cardiomyopathy and women with valvular heart disease (Curtis et al. MMWR Recomm Rep 65:1–103, 2016). Recommendations for women with other forms of heart failure are extrapolated from these populations. Recommendations for women with cardiac transplantation have shifted since the 1980s: use of long-acting reversible contraception has increased, and there is a better understanding of the interactions between contraceptive and immunosuppressive regimens. Women with heart failure may utilize long-acting reversible contraception and permanent sterilization. Modifications should be made according to the specific etiology of the heart failure. In women with cardiac transplantation, pregnancy is high risk and should be avoided altogether for 1–2 years after transplantation. In uncomplicated transplantation, almost all forms of contraception are allowable. In complicated transplantation, combined hormonal contraceptives are contraindicated, and de novo IUD insertion is not recommended.
Probabilistic Model for Regional Multiseverity Casualty Estimation due to Building Damage Following an Earthquake

AbstractThis paper introduces a probabilistic formulation for the estimation of the spatial distribution of multiseverity casualties due to earthquakes. The formulation assesses the number, severit...
Life-Cycle: Simulating the Problems of Aging and the Aged:

A review of the problems that led to the development of a social simulation game, entitled “Life-Cycle” and an explanation of the objectives of the game and how it is used in the training of health care personnel in geriatrics is presented. Additionally, the results of a controlled experimental evaluation of the game's impact upon participants in terms of change in emotional responses and attitudes toward the elderly is covered.
Uniqueness and transport density in Monge's mass transportation problem

Monge's problem refers to the classical problem of optimally transporting mass: given Borel probability measures \(\mu^+ \ne \mu^-\) on \({\vec R}^n\), find the measure preserving map s(x) between them which minimizes the average distance transported. Here distance can be induced by the Euclidean norm, or any other uniformly convex and smooth norm \(d(x,y) = \|x - y\|\) on \({\vec R}^n\). Although the solution is never unique, we give a geometrical monotonicity condition singling out a particular optimal map s(x). Furthermore, a local definition is given for the transport cost density associated to each optimal map. All optimal maps are then shown to lead to the same transport density \(a \in L^1({\vec R}^n)\).
The Role of WT1 in Development and Disease

Wilms tumor suppressor gene product WT1 is a Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger protein, one of the largest protein families in higher eukaryotes. Since the cloning of WT1 in 1990, we have learned a great deal about the functions of WT1. Now, even greater molecular details of WT1 are beginning to emerge with a possibility of the unexpected role of WT1 in the post-transcriptional processes. This chapter does not include all aspects of WT1, but is intended to focus on and highlight the biological function of WT1 (for detailed reviews see refs. 1-4). The chapter consists largely of two parts, the biochemical characterization of WT1 and the genetics of WT1 in both the human and the mouse, and ends with future perspectives on WT1 research.
Urban Hydrology in the Pacific Northwest

Hydrologic processes control many fundamental dimensions affecting salmonid habitat and populations at several critical life stages. The purpose of this chapter is to review important aspects of streamflow and how those aspects are affected by urbanization, with a focus on North America’s Pacific Northwest. Hydrologic aspects reviewed in this chapter include the timing and magnitude of streamflow, the linkage of streamflow to various physical and biological processes, the use and redistribution of water on the landscape by humans, and the importance of these processes in shaping salmonid habitats.
Image-Guided Delivery of Therapeutics to the Brain

CNS disorders still prevail to be one of the largest disease areas where current treatment options are limited and there has been growing interest among academia, industry, and research organizations to explore novel options to deliver therapeutics to the brain. Novel strategies encompassing invasive and noninvasive approaches for CNS delivery, to overcome physiological and technical challenges has been the current norm. CNS imaging offers improved diagnosis of disorders and techniques like X-ray computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have proved to be promising for cerebral imaging. Combinations of functional and structural imaging modalities such as PET/MRI and SPECT/MRI are known to be used for preclinical and clinical imaging. The concept of image-guided targeted delivery of therapeutics to the CNS is seen to be an effective strategy to compliment the current diagnosis regimen with a therapeutic end goal. Combination of nanoparticulate drug delivery with an imaging component has shown initial promise to improve targeting of therapeutics to the CNS.
Correlation of Ultrasound Guided and Digitally Directed Transrectal Biopsies of Palpable Prostatic Abnormalities

The authors evaluated 51 patients with palpable prostatic abnormalities detected during digital rectal examination. These findings consisted of a nodule or an area of induration. Each palpable abnormality was confined to 1 prostatic lobe and there was no suggestion of extracapsular extension of neoplasm or systemic metastatic disease. All patients underwent 7.0 MHz. sagittal ultrasound guided transrectal biopsy followed by digitally directed transrectal biopsy. Biopsies were obtained only from the area of interest. The procedure was performed in the outpatient clinic without use of sedation or anesthesia. Digitally directed biopsies were positive for adenocarcinoma in 9 lesions. Ultrasound guided biopsies detected adenocarcinoma in 23 lesions, including all those detected by the blind digitally directed technique. This study demonstrates greater diagnostic accuracy using 7.0 MHz. ultrasound guided techniques and its routine use is warranted in the evaluation of palpable prostatic abnormalities.
Solid Organ Surgery

Laparoscopic solid organ surgery presents a number of challenges for a safe and successful outcome. This chapter reviews issues of patient selection, patient preparation, access, and technique for laparoscopic adrenalectomy and splenectomy that are key to a safe outcome.
Dolichotis patagonum (Cavie mara, Patagonian hare)

Skin biopsies of two females and one male were kindly provided by Dr. H. Heck, Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, New York, USA. All gave similar results. The autosomes are difficult to classify. All have short arms and 14 of these may equally well be designated subtelocentrics. The X comprises approximately 8.5% of the haploid set and, in autoradiography, only the paracentromeric area and the proximal one-fourth of each arm are euchromatic. The very small Y is not late labeling.
Expression of the Xenopus laevis Mineralocorticoid Receptor during Metamorphosis

Publisher Summary Steroid and thyroid hormone receptors play a major role in differentiation and development. These receptors are composed of three separate domains: (1) a C-terminal hormone-binding domain, (2) a centrally located DNA binding domain, and (3) a N-terminal domain that has been termed a modulatory domain as it is involved in transcription activation. This chapter presents a study to report on the cloning of the X. laevis MR (xMR) and to describe initial experiments on its expression. The receptor is highly homologous to its human and a rat counterpart except that it has an extended DNA-binding domain. The xMR is expressed at a low level throughout metamorphosis, although the mRNA levels do increase as metamorphosis progresses. The chapter presents a comparison of the xMR with the rat and human clones. The xMR DNA-binding domain has four extra amino acids located between the two zinc fingers of the DNA-binding domain, making it the longest DNA-binding domain found in the superfamily. The four extra amino acids in the xMR are the result of the use of a different splice site in Xenopus, and they do not inhibit transcription activity.
Biobanking and omics

The “Era of Big Data” and “Precision Medicine” is now upon us. That is, interrogation of large data sets obtained from groups of similar patients or from the patient themselves over time will now hypothetically permit therapies to be designed to provide maximal efficacy with minimal side effects. However, such discoveries depend upon recruitment of very large numbers of subjects (tens of thousands) along with their associated biospecimens and medical records. When considering the establishment of a biobank or the refocusing of an existing repository for the purpose of “omics” research (i.e., genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, microbiomics, etc.) and/or precision medicine, there are a number of considerations to ponder. Each of these facets is discussed. The objective of this review is to describe best practices for the establishment and operations of a biobank that will be used for omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics) analyses based on published literature and our own practical experiences. We describe the most commonly described approaches to a variety of biobanking issues, including our own practical experiences over the past 5 years. Based on the particular biobanking situation and downstream application, we have described best practices based on the literature and own experience, taking into consideration ease of application and costs. The banking of various types of clinical biospecimens has many valuable uses but often depends on overall costs versus sample utility. In addition, specimen flexibility is important but is influenced by the ease or difficulty of the application. It is always preferable to collect and stored a biospecimen in a format that allows for multiple types of downstream analyses, but that often requires additional expertise, equipment and reagents that can increase overall costs. We have described the methodologies most successfully applied to many situations.
Evaluating the safety of emicizumab in patients with hemophilia A.

Introduction: Patients affected by hemophilia A often require frequent prophylactic and therapeutic self-infusion. For those who develop inhibitors, treatment options are limited and mortality is i...
Material flow and its influence on the assemply line

Material flow decides how to organize the production – and vice versa – organization decision of the production concerns first of all the technique of material flow. For this reason also all efforts of improvement, including lean production, must respect the material flow. The authors analyse three different views on material flow from the view of its area circuit and then they analyse in detail the situation on a manifold module assembly line at Bosch Company in the years 2004 and 2009 regarding principles of lean production. Previously, only one type (in two versions) has been produced on the monitored assembly line, whereas currently, 3 production types are being produced in several versions on this line. The main change on the assembly line was the layout change into “U-shaped” line. New workplaces were designed as mobile and easily interchangeable according to the currently produced type. The assembly line can cope with different number of workers. Based on production requirements it is possible to produce with the assistance of two up to six workers. The assembly line has the better parameters, in particular, with regard to in-process stores, floor space, produced types, changeover time and number of workers.
How do stomata respond to water status

Stomatal responses to humidity, soil moisture and other factors that influence plant water status are critical drivers of photosynthesis, productivity, water yield, ecohydrology and climate forcing, yet we still lack a thorough mechanistic understanding of these responses. Here I review historical and recent advances in stomatal water relations. Clear evidence now implicates a metabolically mediated response to leaf water status ('hydroactive feedback') in stomatal responses to evaporative demand and soil drought, possibly involving abscisic acid production in leaves. Other hypothetical mechanisms involving vapor and heat transport within leaves may contribute to humidity, light and temperature responses, but require further theoretical clarification and experimental validation. Variation and dynamics in hydraulic conductance, particularly within leaves, may contribute to water status responses. Continuing research to fully resolve mechanisms of stomatal responses to water status should focus on several areas: validating and quantifying the mechanism of leaf-based hydroactive feedback, identifying where in leaves water status is actively sensed, clarifying the role of leaf vapor and energy transport in humidity and temperature responses, and verifying foundational but minimally replicated results of stomatal hydromechanics across species. Clarity on these matters promises to deliver modelers with a tractable and reliable mechanistic model of stomatal responses to water status.
Controlling Software and Hardware Theft in college Laboratory through Image Processing

Theft is being always a biggest threat to the security of the premises which leaves the owner of the premises completely shuttered. This theft is even a curse at the educational organizations where theft of any equipment or any hardware peripherals always creates a havoc to the other students. This theft includes the theft of software and hardware by the known or unknown persons who access the facility on the premises. So to deal with this kind of scenario proposed methodology put forward an idea of providing a security for the data and also to the devices. Proposed model allows the admin of the system to register the students with their images. So as the registered or unregistered student access the computer on the premises then based on the permission given to them, the system will shut down to prevent any data theft. On hardware theft like mouse and keyboard proposed model will raise an alert to inform the admin. This model is deployed using the face detection and recognition using the Deep convolution neural network.
Effectiveness of community-based early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis.

Author(s): Nahmias, Allison S; Pellecchia, Melanie; Stahmer, Aubyn C; Mandell, David S | Abstract: BackgroundResearch trials of early intervention (EI) programs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) generally demonstrate medium-to-large gains, on average, compared with "treatment as usual," in different developmental domains. Almost all children with ASD receive their treatment through community-based services, however, and studies suggest that evidence-based interventions rarely make their way into community practice. Understanding the effectiveness of community-based EI and factors associated with these effects is the first step in developing strategies for wide-scale implementation of effective EI.MethodsStudies of community-based EI for children with ASD were identified through a systematic search. Changes in cognitive, communication, social, and adaptive functioning from pre-treatment to post-treatment were assessed using standardized mean gain scores. Effect sizes were estimated using random effects models. Moderators of interest included type of community EI program, year of publication, intervention duration, and sample selection. Moderator effects were assessed using analysis of variance of mixed-effects models and meta-regression analyses.ResultsForty-six groups from 33 studies met inclusion criteria (1,713 participants, mean age 37.4 months, 81.1% male). There were small but statistically significant gains in each of the four domains. Hedges's g ranged from 0.21 for adaptive behavior to 0.32 for communication outcomes, after removing outliers and correcting for publication bias. EI programs associated with universities and hospitals were superior, on average, to other community EI programs for cognitive and adaptive behavior outcomes. Intervention duration was negatively associated with effect sizes for communication and adaptive behavior outcomes.ConclusionsThese results indicate that there remains a large gap between outcomes observed in community settings and those reported in efficacy trials.
Qualitative Research on Interpersonal Violence: Guidance for Early Career Scholars:

The purpose of this article is to offer early career violence scholars guidance on critical aspects of qualitative research, including methodological integrity and research procedures. Throughout t...
(2-Methyldithiobenzoato-κS)(triphenylphosphine-κO)gold(I)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, o-CH3(C6H4)C(S)S–Au–P(C6H5)3 or [Au(C8H7S2)(C18H15P)], consists of two quasi-linear gold complexes. The S—Au—P bond angles [173.83 (2), 175.03 (2)°], S—Au bond lengths [2.3240 (6), 2.3329 (6) A] and Au—P bond lengths [2.2568 (6), 2.2632 (6) A] are consistent with previously reported values. The major difference in the two mol­ecules is that the o-methyl­phenyl rings are twisted with respect to the dithio­carboxyl planes by 73.0 (3)° and 46.6 (3)°, as measured by S—C—C—C torsion angles.
Anatomy of a Joint

The foundation of MSK radiology begins with knowledge about the components that make up a joint as well as the different types of joints. A solid understanding of joint anatomy will help you radiographically differentiate between pathologies and understand, rather than memorize, why changes occur the way they do.
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (Bromoviridae)

Abstract Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, Alfamovirus, Bromoviridae) has an extensive host range and is one of the most significant viruses in the cultivation of pasture legumes. Like many plant viruses, it has a compact and simple genetic organization, which necessitates the use of multifunctional proteins. Its capsid or coat protein is critical for the virus life cycle because of its many roles, which include: mimicking the eukaryotic poly(A) binding protein in translation of virus RNAs, facilitating cell-to-cell movement of AMV, interacting with a photosystem II chloroplast protein linked to affect host defense, interacting with importin-α to enter the nucleus where it interacts with a transcription factor linked to host defense, participating in virus RNA replication, and encapsidation of the RNA to form virus particles.
Subnasal Lip Lift and Its Effect on Nasal Esthetics.

Background The subnasal lip lift has emerged as a standard procedure for the treatment of an elongated upper lip. Despite its popularity, limited literature has studied its effect on nasolabial esthetics. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of the subnasal lip lift on nasal and labial esthetic parameters. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective case review of patients who underwent a subnasal lip lift procedure without concurrent rhinoplasty between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2019. The outcome variables were lip length, tooth show, vermillion display, alar width, nasolabial angle, columellar-lobular angle, Crumley analysis, and Simons analysis. Preoperative and postoperative values were compared and analyzed using paired sample t-tests. Results Overall, 55 female patients with an average age of 52 years and a mean follow-up of 14 months were included in the study. Subnasal lip lift resulted in a statistically significant 21.5% reduction in lip length, 31.5% increase in the vermilion show, and a 1.52 mm increase in tooth show (P Conclusions Subnasal lip lift procedure can significantly impact lower nasal esthetics, specifically by decreasing the nasolabial angle and potentially contribute to pseudo-overprojection of the nasal tip, as shown by the results of this study.
Characteristics of Postmarketing Studies for Vaccines Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 2006-2020.

This cross-sectional study uses data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to review the postmarketing requirements and commitments attached to new vaccines approved for use in the past 15 years in the United States.
Multidimensional Poverty over the Life Cycle

We document variation over the life cycle in terms of the incidence, intensity, and forms of deprivation that are experienced by residents of the U.S. Examining data from the 2008–2018 American Community Surveys, we calculate the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), headcount ratio, and average deprivation intensity values for each age cohort (i.e., 0 years of age through 95 years of age and above). Further, to examine potential heterogeneity in multidimensional poverty, we compare the paths of deprivation frequency values across all age cohorts for each of four dimensions and nine indicators of deprivation. Considerable variation is found both over the life cycle and across the dimensions and indicators. Our findings allow for the identification of specific forms of deprivation that contribute more (or less) to multidimensional poverty at different points during the life cycle.
Interactive Methodology to Iteratively Add Functionality to Swarm Programs

In this paper we present a technique for adding functionality to swarm programs leveraging both human observation and mechanical program transformation. The technique combines two homogeneous swarms - one that executes a baseline set of behaviors and another that independently implements the new functionality. The two are combined into a heterogeneous swarm with which humans interact to establish effective population ratios between the two, to produce the best outcome. The two behavioral rulesets are then mechanically fused to create a new homogeneous swarm that exhibits both behaviors. This swarm becomes the new baseline to which additional behaviors can be added by repeating the process. We demonstrate this technique in a simulated swarm environment.
Characterization and development of a stroke-induced model of acquired epilepsy in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures: role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptors in modulation of neuronal excitation and inhibition

xi I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 A. Epilepsy 1 B. Current treatments of epilepsy 4 C. Stroke induced acquired epilepsy 5 D. Glutamate in stroke 6 E. Current models of epileptogenesis 11 F. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures 14 G. History of Cannabis use to treat seizures 16 H. The endocanabinoid system 18 I. Depolarization induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) and excitation (DSE) .....27 J. ∆-9-THC’s anti-seizure effects 31 K. Endocannabinoid system: protector against excitotoxicity 33 L. Anti-seizure effects are CB1 mediated 35 M. CB1 receptor plasticity in disease states 37 N. Cannabinoid pro-convulsant effects and tolerance 42 O. Future directions, potential therapies 44 P. Summary and rationale 46 Q. Central hypothesis 48
Deaths in Infancy and Childhood

Chapter 20 covers the important topic of childhood death. It not only addresses deaths in infancy and childhood, but also fetal deaths and birth-related deaths. A section entitled “Infant Deaths” provides discussion of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and similar cases, accidental asyphxial deaths, and the topics of “co-sleeping” and “bed-sharing.” Additional sections of the chapter deal specifically with natural death in childhood, accidental childhood death, suicides in children, childhood homicides, and pediatric autopsy considerations.
Skills Testing in Tumbling.

(1974). Skills Testing in Tumbling. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 48-48.
Chapter 17 Green engineering and nanotechnology

Publisher Summary This chapter presents production methods of nanomaterial from a green engineering standpoint, and its shortcomings are noted. It is reported that from nanostructured membranes to selective photo catalysts and quantum sized sensors, nanotechnology has the potential to monitor and clean the environment in ways unmatched by macro technology. Examples of novel research are also presented that go beyond current and dominant technologies by explicitly incorporating into their designs elements to (1) reduce the use of harmful and depleting material inputs, (2) maximize space, time, and energy efficiency, and (3) holistically design nanoparticles through eco-effective solutions. Specific applications of green nanoparticle production for construction of ultrafiltration membranes, as well as some health concerns with prefabricated nanoparticles are also discussed. It is suggested that nanotechnology is still a relatively new discipline, and often the incredible properties of nanoparticles can mislead to think that benefits realized from the production of molecules outweigh the consequences of irresponsible fabrication. Researchers must be careful that they do not fall into this trap as already did in the industrial revolution, when developers became blind to the adverse effects of depleting resources and unchecked expansion.
Membrane Targeting: Methods

The responsiveness of cells to external signals, or cell signalling, involves highly regulated sequences of biochemical reactions at the plasma membrane. When receptor proteins in the outer surface of the plasma membrane are activated by environmental signals, they undergo shape change or chemical modification to assemble internal proteins into an organised complex on the inner surface. Specific protein domains and lipids (fats) that are physically attached to proteins tether key components of this complex to the lipid bilayer of the membrane. Scientists have developed cell-based and chemical techniques that allow them to introduce specific membrane-targeting motifs into proteins to produce and study how this may alter cell behaviour. As a result, a great deal has been learned about the molecular basis of membrane targeting by lipid-modified proteins. This knowledge holds a promise for the rational design of new compounds to prevent defective membrane targeting that could lead to abnormal signalling and the development of diseases. Key Concepts: Lipid bilayers provide the fundamental architecture of biological membranes. The two-dimensional surface of membranes provides a structural framework to organise multiple signalling proteins. Proteins target membranes using globular domains and lipids that are covalently attached to them. The most common lipid-based membrane-targeting motifs in the interior of the cell include modification of cysteine and glycine amino acids by acyl and prenyl groups. G-proteins are the quintessential examples of membrane targeting by lipidation. Modern cell biology and chemical biology techniques can be used to artificially attach lipids to proteins. Prevention of defective membrane targeting is being pursued as a new therapeutic strategy. Keywords: fatty acid modification; lipid bilayer; membrane proteins; protein design; chimaeric protein; chemical biology; computational biology
A Minimal Model for Spatio-Temporal Patterns in Thin Film Flow

We consider the development of spatio-temporal oscillations in the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky amplitude model of thin film flow. These develop from Hopf bifurcations off of steady state solutions and are observed to undergo symmetry breaking and period doubling bifurcations. Oscillatory branches in the parameter regime studied apparently terminate in Silnikov type homo-clinic connections. A minimal, three mode nonlinear Galerkin discretization, capable of capturing this bifurcation behavior is constructed. A simple shooting algorithm which exploits this sharp reduction in dimensionality is used to accurately locate the homoclinic connections.