cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scale Effects on Terrain Attribute Calculation and Their Use as Environmental Covariates for Digital Soil Mapping

The digital representation of the Earth’s surface by terrain attributes is largely dependent on the scale at which they are computed. Typically the effects of scale on terrain attributes have only been investigated as a function of digital elevation model (DEM) grid size, rather than the neighborhood size over which they are computed. With high-resolution DEM now becoming more readily available, a multi-scale terrain analysis approach may be a more viable option to filter out the large amount short-range variation present within them, as opposed to coarsening the resolution of a DEM, and thereby more accurately represent soil-landscape processes. To evaluate this hypothesis, two examples are provided. The first study was designed to evaluate the systematic effects of varying both grid and neighborhood size on terrain attributes computed from LiDAR. In a second study, the objective was to examine how the correlations between soil and terrain attributes vary with neighborhood size, so as to provide an empirical measure of what neighborhood size may be most appropriate. Results suggest that the overall representation of the land surface by terrain attributes is specific to the land surface, but also that the terrain attributes vary independently in response to spatial extent over which they are computed. Results also indicate that finer grid sizes are more sensitive to the scale of terrain attribute calculation than larger grid sizes. For the soil properties examined in this study, slope curvatures produced the highest coefficients of correlation when calculated at neighborhood sizes between 117 and 189 m.
Fatty Acid Oxidation

Fatty acid oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are degraded in living organisms. The initial event is the activation of fatty acids by esterification with coenzyme A (CoA). The degradation of the resultant fatty acyl-CoA thioesters proceeds by a cyclic process named β -oxidation. Passage through one cycle of β -oxidation produces fatty acids that are shortened by two carbon atoms and yields acetate in the form of acetyl-CoA. Repetitive cycling through β -oxidation results in the complete degradation of fatty acids.
Introduction to PDE-Constrained Optimization in the Oil and Gas Industry

This article is an expanded version of a tutorial on applications of PDE-constrained optimization in the oil and gas industry that was given at the Frontiers in PDE-Constrained Optimization workshop. (The workshop was held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications June 6–10, 2016.) We begin with an overview of the oil and gas supply chain that highlights the importance of PDE-constrained optimization. Next, we take an in-depth look at two key applications: full-wavefield inversion and reservoir history matching. For each application, we introduce a PDE model, derive the gradient of the objective function using the adjoint-state method, and present simple numerical results. We conclude with a discussion of key challenges.
TEX264 Is an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident ATG8-Interacting Protein Critical for ER Remodeling during Nutrient Stress

Cells respond to nutrient stress by trafficking cytosolic contents to lysosomes for degradation via macroautophagy. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as an initiation site for autophagosomes and is also remodeled in response to nutrient stress through ER-phagy, a form of selective autophagy. Quantitative proteome analysis during nutrient stress identified an unstudied single-pass transmembrane ER protein, TEX264, as an ER-phagy receptor. TEX264 uses an LC3-interacting region (LIR) to traffic into ATG8-positive puncta that often initiate from three-way ER tubule junctions and subsequently fuse with lysosomes. Interaction and proximity biotinylation proteomics identified a cohort of autophagy regulatory proteins and cargo adaptors located near TEX264 in an LIR-dependent manner. Global proteomics and ER-phagy flux analysis revealed the stabilization of a cohort of ER proteins in TEX264-/- cells during nutrient stress. This work reveals TEX264 as an unrecognized ER-phagy receptor that acts independently of other candidate ER-phagy receptors to remodel the ER during nutrient stress.
Reexamining Violence and Trauma in the French Boxing Literature of the Interwar Period: Henri Decoin Quinze Rounds (1930) and Alfred Menguy Gueules Aplaties (1933)

AbstractAccording to sport literature specialist Pierre Charreton, the interwar period in France witnessed the culmination of fictional writings dedicated to sporting disciplines, part of which is ...
A framework of immunities for pathogens and hypersensitivities

THfh is to initiate four eradicable immunities. Treg is for four tolerable immunities. TH1/TH1like is immunity for intracellular bacteria/protozoa and type4 hypersensitivity. TH1 includes macrophage1, Tc1, IFNg T helper, and IgG3. TH1like includes macrophage2, suppressive CTL, IFNg/TGFβ T helper, and IgA1. TH2/TH9 is immunity for helminths and type1 hypersensitivity. TH2 includes iEOS, basophil/MCct, IL-4 T helper, and IgE/IgG4. TH9 includes rEOS, basophils/MCt, IL-9 T helper, and IgA2. TH22/TH17 is immunity for extracellular bacteria/fungi and type3 hypersensitivity. TH22 includes neutrophils1, IL-22 T helper, and IgG2. TH17 include neutrophils2, IL-17 T helper, and IgA2. THαβ/TH3 is immunity for viruses and type2 hypersensitivity. THαβ includes NK1, Tc2, IL10 T helper, and IgG1. TH3 includes NK2, suppressive CTL, IL-10/TGFβ T helper, and IgA1.
Transactions between Maternal and Child Depressive Symptoms Emerge Early in Life.

Maternal depression is a robust risk factor for children’s internalizing symptoms; however, the intergenerational transmission of mood disorders is likely more complex than unidirectional parent-di...
An AOA critical issue. The future of the orthopaedic surgeon-proceduralist or keeper of the musculoskeletal system?

Intervertebral disc replacements have been under design for over three decades but are now receiving increased attention. This is largely due to several devices that have received Investigational Device Exemption status from the United States Food and Drug Administration, resulting in clinical trials in the United States. There is tremendous early enthusiasm for the concept of disc replacement and motion preservation as an alternative to arthrodesis, with the hope that adjacent segment degenerative changes can be averted. Skeptics hold the position that adjacent segment changes are due more to the individual's genetic predisposition and normal aging than to the mechanical changes resulting from a spinal arthrodesis. In addition, there are potential long-term consequences to disc replacement that remain unknown. These issues include failure, wear debris, and the effects of stress-risers as patients age and become osteopenic. The two basic categories of disc replacements are nuclear replacements and total disc replacements. The critical issues pertaining to total disc replacements were recently explored in a symposium at the 2003 Annual Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Association in Charleston, South Carolina, and are summarized in this review. The vast majority of patients with degenerative disc disease are managed with nonoperative methods, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication, muscle strengthening, weight control, and aerobic training. Management with injection of corticosteroids may also be attempted. With these modalities, the results are generally good. Surgical management has been reserved for the patients in whom these treatment options have failed. Numerous authors have reviewed the complications and failures of spinal arthrodesis in the low back1,2. The purpose of this discussion is not to list and comment on all of the difficulties with an invasive approach but to focus on the difficulties that may be alleviated or ameliorated by a stable disc arthroplasty. The first …
Statistical Process Control (SPC) to drive improvement in length of stay after colorectal surgery

Abstract Background Novel quality improvement(QI) methods are needed to optimize healthcare costs and value. Our goal was to determine if Statistical Process Control(SPC), an industrial QI tool, could transform length of stay(LOS) into a process measure, identify outliers, and their impact on surgical outcomes. Methods SPC was performed on an institutional colorectal resection database 1/1/13-5/1/2018 to identify outliers and compare outcome variables across outliers and non-outliers. Control charts analyzed the process performance of LOS over time. Control limits were set at ± 1 standard deviation(SD) from the mean. Measures were stable within these limits. Results LOS was stable, with consistent annual rates and variation of outliers. Outliers had identifiable causes of variation that were significantly different from non-outliers(p Conclusions SPC can be applied to LOS, a stable process measure with decreasing variability over time, and easy outlier identification. Identifying outliers can facilitate targeted quality improvement.
Management of the Acute Phase of Peyronie’s Disease: a Contemporary Review

The goal of this article is to review the current management options for Peyronie’s disease (PD), focusing on the acute phase of the disease. Additionally, we aim to highlight the most recent literature on the subject. Contemporary studies suggest that there are promising novel therapies on the horizon for acute phase PD, such as topical H-100 gel and intralesional interferon-α2b and mycophenolate mofetil. Recent findings also suggest that intralesional collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) may be effective for the acute phase of PD, in addition to its conventional use in the chronic phase. A variety of treatments have been proposed for PD, with more recent literature focusing on the acute phase. Novel topical therapies are on the horizon and may show promise. External mechanical therapies have shown clinically meaningful changes. CCH may have efficacy during the acute phase of PD. Other intralesional therapies are promising but still require additional large studies to confirm efficacy. Future research on the acute phase of PD may expand treatment options and impact disease management.
Complementary feeding practices among mothers of children aged six months to two years at Children's hospital Lahore.

OBJECTIVE To analyse complimentary feeding practices among mothers of infants. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December, 2015, at The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pkistan, and comprised children aged 6-24 months. Data was collected regarding demographic profile, breast-feeding, initiation and adequacy of complementary feeding, maternal education and father's monthly income. Children's growth measurements were plotted using the World Health Organisation growth charts. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. RESULTS Of the 202 children, 103(51%) were boys. The overall mean age was 14± 5 months. Among the mothers, 133(66%) were literate and 121 (60%) belonged to poor social class. Of the children, 145(72%) were exclusively breast-fed till 6 months of age. Breast-feed was not given in 51(25%) cases. Weaning age was appropriate in 88(44%) children. Overall, 53(26%) children were under-nourished. Lower social class, delayed initiation and inadequate amount of complementary feeding was significantly associated with poor nutritional status (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Weaning practices were incorrect in terms of amount and frequency. Children aged 13-18 months belonging to lower social class and having delayed and inadequate complimentary feeding were more malnourished.
The Theory of Positive Balance in Brief

The theory of positive balance can be summarized as follows. Individuals with high levels of positive mental health are characterized to experience: (1) a preponderance of neurochemicals related to rewards (dopamine, serotonin, etc.) relative to neurochemicals related to stress emotions (cortisol), at a physiological level; (2) a preponderance of positive affect (happiness, joy, etc.) relative to negative affect (anger, sadness, etc.), at an emotional level; (3) a preponderance of domain satisfaction (satisfaction in salient and multiple life domains such as family life, work life, etc.) relative to dissatisfaction in other life domains, at a cognitive level; (4) a preponderance of positive evaluations about one’s life using certain standards of comparison (satisfaction with one’s life compared to one’s past life, the life of family members, etc.) relative to negative evaluations about one’s life using similar or other standards of comparison, at a meta-cognitive level; (5) a preponderance of positive psychological traits (personal growth, environmental mastery, etc.) relative to negative psychological traits (pessimism, hopelessness, etc.), at a development level; and (6) a preponderance of perceived social resources (social acceptance, social actualization, etc.) relative to perceived social constraints (social exclusion, ostracism, etc.), at a social-ecological level. Furthermore, well-being at each hierarchical level contributes to a higher-order construct of well-being from the physiological level all the way up to the social-ecological level.
Building an inclusive peace is an uneven socio-spatial process: Colombia's differential approach

Abstract Colombia is struggling to implement what is far and away the world's most inclusive peace accord. As such, it is a useful case for thinking about what peace means, how it means different things to different people, and how to build peace across difference. Geographers widely agree that peace is an ongoing spatial process that varies across time and space, but have paid less attention to how it varies across groups within space. Social inequalities like race, gender, and sexuality are spatialized. They operate in and through space in interlocking ways, and looking at inclusion issues can strengthen understandings of how peace space is made. Attempts to build more inclusive peaces can also be strengthened by understanding and addressing the uneven socio-spatial processes involved.
Double filtration plasmapheresis - 10-year pediatric experience as an alternative to plasma exchange.

Abstract Background Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) is more selective at removing antibodies compared to plasma exchange (PE), thus reducing the need for replacement blood products. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of all pediatric patients whom DFPP had been performed. Results In total, 30 patients were treated with DFPP. Data were available for 436 sessions in 23 patients. Patients had a median of 6 (1–161) sessions. Age at start of treatment was 13.9 years (2.2–19.2) and weight 46 kg (13.4–82.8). Six patients were treated for antibody mediated rejection; 1 had full recovery, 1 CKD stage 4 and 4 required dialysis. Two patients were treated for recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with good response. One successfully had an ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. Five had anti-glomerular basement membrane disease; 3 had complete recovery, 1 CKD and 1 required transplantation. Three had granulomatosis with polyangiitis; 1 with full recovery, 1 had CKD and 1 required dialysis. Two had Type-2 Membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, 1 successfully treated, the other needing dialysis. One treated for rapidly progressive MPO-glomerulonephritis required dialysis. Other indications were Myasthenia Gravis, Guillain-Barre disease and autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Excluding FSGS patients (with >100 sessions), one patient had cryoprecipitate, 2 had blood transfusions, no other blood products were required. Minor complications were seen in 13 sessions (8.4%). No major complications were seen. Conclusion DFPP is a safe, well tolerated form of apheresis that appears to have comparable outcomes to that of PE, without the routine need of replacement blood products.
A Meta-Analysis of Machine Learning-Based Science Assessments: Factors Impacting Machine-Human Score Agreements

Machine learning (ML) has been increasingly employed in science assessment to facilitate automatic scoring efforts, although with varying degrees of success (i.e., magnitudes of machine-human score agreements [MHAs]). Little work has empirically examined the factors that impact MHA disparities in this growing field, thus constraining the improvement of machine scoring capacity and its wide applications in science education. We performed a meta-analysis of 110 studies of MHAs in order to identify the factors most strongly contributing to scoring success (i.e., high Cohen's kappa [κ]). We empirically examined six factors proposed as contributors to MHA magnitudes: algorithm, subject domain, assessment format, construct, school level, and machine supervision type. Our analyses of 110 MHAs revealed substantial heterogeneity in $$\kappa{ (mean =} \, \text{.64; range = .09-.97}$$ , taking weights into consideration). Using three-level random-effects modeling, MHA score heterogeneity was explained by the variability both within publications (i.e., the assessment task level: 82.6%) and between publications (i.e., the individual study level: 16.7%). Our results also suggest that all six factors have significant moderator effects on scoring success magnitudes. Among these, algorithm and subject domain had significantly larger effects than the other factors, suggesting that technical features and assessment external features might be primary targets for improving MHAs and ML-based science assessments.
Data-Quality Assessment Signals Toxic-Site Safety Threats and Environmental Injustices

Most hazardous-waste sites are located in urban areas populated by disproportionate numbers of children, minorities, and poor people who, as a result, face more severe pollution threats and environmental-health inequalities. Partly to address this harm, in 2017 the United Nations unanimously endorsed the New Urban Agenda, which includes redeveloping urban-infill-toxic-waste sites. However, no systematic, independent analyses assess the public-health adequacy of such hazardous-facility redevelopments. Our objective is to provide a preliminary data-quality assessment (PDQA) of urban-infill-toxic-site testing, conducted by private redevelopers, including whether it adequately addresses pollution threats. To this end, we used two qualitative, weight-of-evidence methods. Method 1 employs nine criteria to select assessments for PDQA and help control for confounders. To conduct PDQA, Method 2 uses three US Environmental Protection Agency standards—the temporal, geographical, and technological representativeness of sampling. Our Method 1 results reveal four current toxic-site assessments (by CBRE/Trammell Crow, the world’s largest commercial developer); at all of these sites the main risk drivers are solvents, volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene. Our Method 2 results indicate that all four assessments violate most PDQA standards and systematically underestimate health risk. These results reveal environmental injustice, disproportionate health threats to children/minorities/poor people at all four sites. Although preliminary, our conclusion is that alleviating harm and environmental-health inequalities posed by urban-infill-toxic-site pollution may require improving both the testing/cleanup/redevelopment requirements of the New Urban Agenda and the regulatory oversight of assessment and remediation performed by private redevelopers.
Twenty-First Century Middle Schooling in New York: Teachers Share Experiences and Perspectives on Remote Teaching and Learning Early in the Global Pandemic

In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus hit many places, including New York City, with such a force that nobody could have foreseen the events following its spread. The education system was pushed to transition itself to meet with 21st century technology. This study explores this disruption in the education system and how middle school teachers in several New York counties responded. What are middle school teachers' perspectives and practices during the rapid switch to remote teaching? Professor and graduate students in a Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment class on middle level schooling designed the survey protocol focused on five related areas of the remote learning endeavor: (a) Preparation, (b) Teaching, Learning, and Participation, (c) Social and Emotional Effects on Students, (d) Monitoring and Assessment, and (e) Looking Forward. The findings demonstrate a primarily reactive response and limited preparation. Teachers express a mixed review of successes and struggles with online teaching and the challenges of engagement, participation, and meeting the social emotional needs of restless students who sometimes do not have the parent support or the technological devices that could further assist their success with online learning. Teachers had their own unique experiences and challenges teaching students through a computer screen.
Development of a rapid viability RT-PCR (RV-RT-PCR) method to detect infectious SARS-CoV-2 from swabs.

Since the rapid onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, its causative virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread and increase the number of fatalities. To expedite studies on understanding potential surface transmission of the virus and to aid environmental epidemiological investigations, we developed a rapid viability reverse transcriptase PCR (RV-RT-PCR) method that detects viable (infectious) SARS-CoV-2 from swab samples in <1 day compared to several days required by current gold-standard cell-culture-based methods. The method integrates cell-culture-based viral enrichment in a 96-well plate format with gene-specific RT-PCR-based analysis before and after sample incubation to determine the cycle threshold (CT) difference (ΔCT). An algorithm based on ΔCT ≥ 6 representing ∼ 2-log or more increase in SARS-CoV-2 RNA following enrichment determines the presence of infectious virus. The RV-RT-PCR method with 2-hr viral infection and 9-hr post-infection incubation periods includes ultrafiltration to concentrate virions, resulting in detection of <50 SARS-CoV-2 virions in swab samples in 17 hours (for a batch of 12 swabs), compared to days typically required by the cell-culture based method. The SARS-CoV-2 RV-RT-PCR method may also be useful in clinical sample analysis and antiviral drug testing, and could serve as a model for developing rapid methods for other viruses of concern.
The Sexual Experiences of Heterosexual Men at Post-Incarceration: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behaviors

An examination of the sexual attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors post-incarceration was conducted in the current study. Further, factors linked to sexual health (i.e., age, race, education, length imprisoned), as well as pornography consumption, and infidelity, were examined. Data were collected from 100 heterosexual men released from incarceration in the last 36 months. The prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and correlations among all sexual behavior, attitude, and knowledge items were analyzed. A series of multivariate regression models examined the moderating effect of certain demographic factors between condom use and STI/HIV testing. The most notable results revealed that a vast majority of participants engaged in inconsistent condom use during vaginal (77%), oral (92%), and anal (71%) sex. Most participants (70%) tested for STIs infrequently after engaging in unprotected sex. Consistent with this, most participants lacked knowledge about STIs, as demonstrated by the fact that, on average, they answered 37% of questions assessing knowledge on STIs correctly. Research about individuals' sexual health risks post-incarceration commonly focuses on those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS despite most men being HIV-seronegative post-incarceration. Empirical research that directly assesses men's sexual attitudes, knowledge and behaviors post-incarceration more generally is warranted and, therefore, the current study's primary objective. Further, little but existing literature contends that a lack of sexual health knowledge and education are closely linked to safe sex practices post-incarceration. The current study examined these relationships further.
HIV/AIDS Scholarship: An Analysis of Groundbreaking Programs and Individuals

The authors report on a bibliometric study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) scholarship among scholars in schools of social work in the United States. A sample of these HIV/AIDS scholars were accumulated from the faculty interest pages at social work programs accredited by the Council on Social Work Education. From this sample, the publication records, including citations, were examined and those individuals meeting the operational definition of “scholar” were ranked in the final analysis. Social work institutions are also ranked in terms of productivity and impact. Last, the journal outlets that publish the work of social work HIV/AIDS scholars are ranked by publication productivity. The article concludes with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the method used and future research directions.
A Probabilistic Framework to Learn from Multiple Annotators with Time-Varying Accuracy

This paper addresses the challenging problem of learning from multiple annotators whose labeling accuracy (reliability) differs and varies over time. We propose a framework based on Sequential Bayesian Estimation to learn the expected accuracy at each time step while simultaneously deciding which annotators to query for a label in an incremental learning framework. We develop a variant of the particle filtering method that estimates the expected accuracy at every time step by sets of weighted samples and performs sequential Bayes updates. The estimated expected accuracies are then used to decide which annotators to be queried at the next time step. The empirical analysis shows that the proposed method is very effective at predicting the true label using only moderate labeling efforts, resulting in cleaner labels to train classifiers. The proposed method significantly outperforms a repeated labeling baseline which queries all labelers per example and takes the majority vote to predict the true label. Moreover, our method is able to track the true accuracy of an annotator quite well in the absence of gold standard labels. These results demonstrate the strength of the proposed method in terms of estimating the time-varying reliability of multiple annotators and producing cleaner, better quality labels without extensive label queries.
An evaluation of open MPI's matching transport layer on the Cray XT

Open MPI was initially designed to support a wide variety of high-performance networks and network programming interfaces. Recently, Open MPI was enhanced to support networks that have full support for MPI matching semantics. Previous Open MPI efforts focused on networks that require the MPI library to manage message matching, which is sub-optimal for some networks that inherently support matching. We describes a new matching transport layer in Open MPI, present results of micro-benchmarks and several applications on the Cray XT platform, and compare performance of the new and the existing transport layers, as well as the vendor-supplied implementation of MPI.
Mycotic aneurysm and endocarditis. Two uncommon complications of salmonella infection in the same patient.

The case of a 53 year old man with Salmonella typhimurium endocarditis of the mitral valve and an infected mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery is presented. Focal glomerulitis, a pulmonary embolus and anemia were further complications. The patient recovered after a prolonged three and a half month course following excision of the infected aneurysm and vigorous therapy with parenteral ampicillin. Persistent fever and leukocytosis in a patient with salmonellosis, especially in a patient with an arteriosclerotic aneurysm or valvular heart disease, should suggest focal complications such as those seen in the present patient.
Why Can't We All Just Get Along? Empathy, Agonism and Deliberation

President Barack Obama’s claim to want a Supreme Court nominee who displayed empathy was the subject of derision from some of his critics and even some of his supporters abandoned the idea. In contrast, I believe that empathy is important not only in a Supreme Court justice but for democracy itself. To make this case, I investigate the history of the concept of empathy from its origins in 19th Century German aesthetic philosophy, identifying the three key components of emotion, projection and understanding. The confusion surrounding empathy today arises from its use by later scholars in the psychoanalytic and social psychological tradition. As an alternative, I adapt a multi-dimensional model called the Process Model of Empathy. Empirical research demonstrates that the process of empathy can help individuals overcome various biases and affect outgroup evaluations. I then apply these findings to an analysis of Chantal Mouffe’s theory of agonistic pluralism, making two claims. First, agonistic pluralism cannot function without putting the process of empathy at its heart, and second, this implies that agonistic pluralism places too much emphasis on conflict. As an alternative, some combination of agonism and deliberation may be preferable, though whatever theory remains persuasive, the process of empathy must play a central role in our democracy.
Aspects of astrometric searches for other planetary systems

With precision potentially attainable to better than 1 milliarcsecond, ground-based astrometric techniques are capable of detecting Jupiter-mass planets around the nearest stars. This paper is intended not as a review of the relevant progress in astrometry but is instead aimed at pointing out some of the pitfalls inherent in very high precision relative astrometry.
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OSCILLATING AIRFOIL

ABSTRACT This note presents aerodynamic data on an NACA 0018 airfoil oscillating in pitch in the NAE 2m x 3m Low Speed wind tunnel. The purpose of the test was to simulate the dynamic stall behavior of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine blade section at the equatorial plane, under the unsteady conditions which may occur at low ratios of turbine tip speed to wind speed. Measurements were made of wing surface pressure time histories at various chordwise locations, during a complete cycle of oscillation. The dynamic effects on nose suction pressures were seen to increase their magnitude and to delay flow breakdown to a higher angle of attack. Corresponding increases in both normal and chord force were observed, and stemmed from the same cause.
Partitioning Behavior of 4-Methyl Cyclohexane Methanol in Two Appalachian Coal Preparation Plants

ABSTRACTTo assess the environmental fate and partitioning of 4-methyl cyclohexane methanol (MCHM), plant-wide water-sampling surveys were conducted at two Appalachian coal preparation plants. Samples were recovered from various streams within the coal preparation plants as well as environmental discharges, including impoundment drains and groundwater-monitoring wells. The results indicate measurable MCHM concentrations are only found immediately around the flotation circuit (feed, concentrate, and tailings). Samples from downstream units, including thickeners, impoundments, and discharge points show no measurable concentration of MCHM implying that volatilization and adsorption are strongly influencing the measurable concentration.
1,1,1‐Trimethylhydrazinium Iodide

[3288-80-0] C3H11N2I (MW 202.0) InChI = 1S/C3H11N2.HI/c1-5(2,3)4;/h4H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = HLNPDVKKRBWQAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M (vicarious nucleophilic aminating agent) Alternate Name: TMHI. Physical Data: mp 235–238°C. Preparative Method: the compound is commercially available, or may be prepared by literature methods.1
Serological survey of Prospect Hill virus infection in indigenous wild rodents in the USA

Abstract We found serological evidence of infection with Prospect Hill virus, a Hantaan-like virus isolated from meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), in microtine and cricetid rodents trapped in Maryland, West Virginia, Minnesota and California, USA. Fluorescent antibodies were detected in sera from M. pennsylvanicus ( 74 277 ), M. californicus ( 39 185 ), Clethrionomys gapperi ( 5 51 ), Peromyscus maniculatus ( 4 22 ) and P. truei ( 1 11 ). Sera from seropositive P. maniculatus contained neutralizing antibodies against Prospect Hill virus, confirming that infection with Prospect Hill virus or antigenically related viruses is not restricted to microtine rodents in the USA. Despite the widespread distribution of Prospect Hill virus in indigenous rodents, the recent demonstration that American mammalogists are only rarely infected supports the view that the overall risk of Prospect Hill virus infection in man is low.
Spectral Studies of New Luminophors for Dental Porcelain

Luminescence spectra of several non-radioactive luminophors that may be suitable for dental porcelain have been obtained. It was found that porcelain composition and maturation temperature have large effects on excitation and emission spectra. Most of the luminophors had excitation maxima lower in wavelength than have been observed for natural teeth.
The Spread of Injurious Insects

IN 1898 Dr. L. O. Howard forwarded to me a scale insect discovered by Prof. Chaves at Ponta Delgada, Azores, attacking the foliage of the orange tree. The insect proved to be new, and was described as Lecanium perlatum. Since that time it has never been reported from any other place; but now I have received some large, flat, dark brown scales on orange leaves from Villa Encarnacion, Paraguay, collected by Mr. Schrottky, and they are this very same L. perlatum.1 This is only one new case to be added to the many already known of scale insects being transported from one side of the world to the other, evidently by human means. It is to be regretted that the British Government, with its numerous tropical colonies and excellent botanical gardens, has not done something to make known the scale insects within its domains. It is true that Mr. E. E. Green, the Government entomologist of Ceylon, is bringing out a magnificent work on the scale insects of that island; but he finds insufficient support, and it is divulging no secret to say that the publication of this useful book will involve him in very serious financial loss. There is no properly classified national collection of scale insects (the only good collection in England is that of Mr. Newstead at Liverpool), and we are still totally ignorant of the coccid fauna of many colonies. The reasons for regretting this condition of affairs are mainly two:—(1) because in ignorance pests of this group are continually being carried to new regions, where they are liable to become destructive; and (2) because man is so mixing up the distribution of these insects that every year makes it more difficult to ascertain their natural habitats. Having regard for the experiences of the past, it is surely safe to say that the annual expenditure of a few hundred pounds in the investigation of these pests would be far more than repaid in economic as well as scientific gains.
The benefit of neck computed tomography compared with its harm (risk of cancer).

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to compare the benefit of neck computed tomography (CT) of identifying important cervical spine injuries (CSIs) with its harm of radiation exposure and cancer risk.METHODSA PubMed search for published studies relating to CSI in trauma, cervical spine imaging,
The immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia.

"Essential" mixed cryoglobulinemia is characterized by dependent purpura, arthralgia and weakness and is frequently associated with glomerulonephritis.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Essential" or Type II2 cryoglobulins are a mixture of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) and polyclonal IgG, with the former possessing antibody activity against the latter.1 2 3 Most Type II cryoglobulins are composed of IgM-IgG,1 2 3 but IgG-IgG2 and IgA-IgG2 , 8 9 10 cryoglobulins have also been reported. The glomerulonephritis of mixed cryoglobulinemia is thought to be due to the deposition of immune complexes composed of IgM (or other monoclonal Ig's), which represents antibody, and IgG, which represents antigen, but this hypothesis has not been thoroughly documented.2 , 4 It is also . . .
Writing the Migration: Pedro Henríquez Ureña and Early Dominican Migrants to New York City

This article analyzes Henriquez Urena's unfinished memoir, Memorias (ca. 1909), as a migration narrative that offers insight into the subjec tivity of early twentieth-century Dominican migrants in New York City. The historical backdrop of the memoir is the postcolonial period in the Dominican Republic, a tumultuous time of nation-building that included some advances and much suffering. Unpacking the national ideologies Henriquez Urena carried with him into the diaspora, the reader sees little that would signal the transformations one might expect in a migrant's con sciousness. Reading beyond the memoir, there is evidence that an ethnic persona emerged within Henriquez Urena and that his literary and cultural interests shifted away from the dominant European and American master narratives to the literary culture of Latin America. However, without look ing ahead at the author's broader oeuvre, the memoir constitutes a founda tional text for understanding the formation of the early Dominican migrant community in New York.
Altered epidermal morphology secondary to lidocaine iontophoresis: In vivo and in vitro studies in porcine skin

Iontophoresis is the process of delivering ionic drugs across the skin using electric current. Iontophoresis of lidocaine hydrochloride in 30 pigs in vivo and in 112 in vitro isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) preparations produced a drug-specific alteration in the epidermis greater than or equal to 10 min after dosing. By light microscopy, this change was characterized by the appearance of flattened dark basophilic staining nuclei oriented parallel to the stratum corneum in the stratum granulosum and spinosum layers. In severe cases, this alteration extended into the deeper usually vacuolated stratum basale. The stratum corneum appeared normal. This unique morphological alteration showed an abrupt change from the stratum basale to stratum granulosum. An immune-mediated etiology can be ruled out since this alteration is observed both in vivo and in vitro. The severity of this change, graded on a scale of 0-3 (no change to severe), was best correlated to total transcutaneous lidocaine flux as estimated in IPPSF studies and to flux as estimated by current (mA-hr) in vivo. Electron microscopic changes following iontophoresis showed specific alterations in the tonofilaments of the epidermal cells. The tonofilaments appeared unrecognizable and resembled an amorphous matrix. In pigs followed through 10 days to study the resolution of this alteration, the epidermis reverted to normal within 6 days with no additional manifestations. In conclusion, lidocaine iontophoresis can induce in swine a unique dose-dependent non-immune-mediated epidermal alteration which is expected to have minimal toxicological significance.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aminoisoquinolin-1(2H)-one based inhibitors of the dual-specificity phosphatase Cdc25B

Abstract The cell division cycle 25B dual specificity phosphatase (Cdc25B) regulates the normal progression of the mammalian cell cycle by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes, particularly in response to DNA damage. Elevated Cdc25B levels enable a bypass of normal cell cycle checkpoints, and the overexpression of Cdc25B has been linked to a variety of human cancers. Thus, Cdc25B is an attractive target for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of non-quinoid inhibitors of Cdc25B containing the 3-aminoisoquinolin-1(2H)-one pharmacophore. In addition to several strategies that address specific substitution patterns on isoquinolines, we have applied a regioselective Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling methodology to synthesize a new lead structure, 6-(3-aminophenyl)-3-(phenylamino)isoquinolin-1(2H)-one (13), which proved to be a reversible, competitive Cdc25B inhibitor with a Ki of 1.9 μM. Compound 13 prevented human cancer cell growth and blocked Cdc25B-mediated mitotic checkpoint bypass. Molecular docking studies support binding near the catalytic site.
Emergent Curbside Intercity Bus Industry: Chinatown and Beyond

The first study of the emerging curbside intercity bus industry, commonly called the Chinatown bus, is presented. The study of this relatively unknown industry addresses three research questions. First, why and how did the intercity curbside bus industry develop? Second, what services are operated by the curbside carriers and how do these services compare with competing travel options? Finally, how do the economics of operating curbside buses differ from those of traditional bus companies? The research speaks to policy questions about the appropriate role of regulation in transportation and the competition between private and public transportation providers. The findings indicate that in the past 10 years, curbside buses have grown to become an important transportation provider in the Northeast Corridor: more than 2,500 low-fare bus trips per week connect New York City to Washington, D.C.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Boston, Massachusetts. More than 100 buses depart each week to more than 30 other cit...
Requirements for successful marketing alliances

With the increasing competitive environment confronting businesses on a global basis and the shrinking availability of investment capital, many organizations are looking to strategic alliances to be an instant solution for present marketing shortfalls. Research has shown that several critical factors must be considered if an alliance is to be proven effective in the marketplace. At the top of the list is compatibility between the two organizations involved. The corporate cultures should be somewhat compatible if the interface between the partners is to be effective. The bases of the alliance should center on knowledge transfer as the main reason for its continued operation. The linkages within the alliance can be unusual and creative provided one of two objectives is pursued – increased revenue or reduced costs.
The virtual mass of an oblate-ellipsoidal bubble

A semi-analytical solution is presented for the virtual mass coefficient of an oblate-ellipsoidal bubble rising in liquid. The solution was found to be a function of Weber number. The present solution compared well with the numerical solution of the lattice Boltzmann method and the analytical solutions of other investigators.
Quinoidal diindenothienoacenes: synthesis and properties of new functional organic materials

We report the preparation and characterization of a new class of quinoidal thienoacenes. The synthetic route is efficient, high-yielding and scalable with the potential for further functionalization. Single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that, as size increases, the molecules pack in progressively closer 1D arrangements. The title compounds are shown to have amphoteric redox behaviour by cyclic voltammetry. The anion radicals are studied by EPR spectrometry and by computations. The electron-accepting nature, NIR absorption and the low-lying LUMO energies (ca. −4.0 eV) allude to potential use in materials applications.
Physico/chemical characterization and in vivo evaluation of nanothickness bioceramic depositions on alumina-blasted/acid-etched Ti-6Al-4V implant surfaces.

The objective of this study was to physico/chemically characterize and evaluate the in vivo performance of two nanothickness ion beam assisted depositions (IBAD) of bioceramic coatings on implants in a beagle model. Alumina-blasted/acid-etched (AB/AE) Ti-6Al-4V implants were subjected to two different IBAD depositions (IBAD I and IBAD II), which were physico/chemically characterized by SEM, EDS, XPS, XPS + ion-beam milling (depth profiling), XRD, AFM, and ToF-SIMS. A beagle dog tibia model was utilized for histomorphometric and biomechanical (torque) comparison between AB/AE, IBAD I, IBAD II, and plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (PSHA) coated implants that remained in vivo for 3 and 5 weeks. The coatings were characterized as amorphous Ca-P with high Ca/P stoichiometries with thicknesses of an order of magnitude difference (IBAD I = 30–50 nm and IBAD II = 300–500 nm). The histomorphometric and biomechanical testing results showed that the 300–500 nm thickness deposition (IBAD II) and PSHA positively modulated bone healing at early implantation times. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Specific heat and heavy-fermionic behavior in Ce 8 Pd 24 M ( M =Ga, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi)

Specific-heat measurements have been carried out to further elucidate the electronic and magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{8}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{24}M$ ($M$=Ga, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi). The measurements show that a slight change in the chemical and electronic structure of ${\mathrm{CePd}}_{3}$, by forming the ordered ternary ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{8}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{24}M$-type compounds, induces an enhanced low-temperature electronic specific heat \ensuremath{\gamma}. This indicates the emergence of heavy-fermionic behavior with the loss of the intermediate valence nature of ${\mathrm{CePd}}_{3}$. All of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{8}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{24}M$-type compounds studied here exhibit a sharp peak in the specific heat at low temperature due to antiferromagnetic (AF) transitions. Below the transition temperature, the specific heat shows the heavy-fermionic behavior, i.e., \ensuremath{\gamma}( $T$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) equal to a finite value, rather than \ensuremath{\gamma}( $T$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0)=0 in the paramagnetic AF ground state.