cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stock Market Reaction to Court Decisions Related to Differential Treatment of In-State and Out-of-State Internet Wine Sales *

This paper analyzes stock market reaction to court decisions related to the differential treatment of in-state and out-of-state internet wine sales. Several states had differential laws governing internet sales of wine directly to consumers for in-state and out-of-state wineries. These laws were possibly more harmful to small wine producers as their products are less likely to be carried by retailers. In May of 2005, The Supreme Court of the United States declared these practices unconstitutional. Prior to the Supreme Court granting the writ of certiorari there was a circuit split on the issue. Our study seeks to measure the impact of the Courts' decisions on the stock returns of wineries using standard event study methodology. The results show a negative stock market reaction to publically traded large wineries to the Supreme Court ruling. It appears that differential treatment laws were, indeed, beneficial to the large wineries. (JEL Classification: G18, Q28)
Grain boundary in textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ superconductor

The misorientations of over 200 pairs of adjacent grains separated by grain boundaries in textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ were measured using a transmission electron microscopy technique. The results indicate that there exist discrete preferred rotation angles and rotation axes. The existence of low-energy boundaries is inferred. The results are analyzed based on the Constrained Coincidence Site Lattice (CCSL) and O2-lattice theories and imply the applicability of such theories for the case of large-angle grain boundaries in a complex crystal structure such as YBa2Cu3O7−δ. The results of analysis also show that some boundaries are likely to be reduced in oxygen near the boundary to satisfy the constraint of the coincidence site lattice.
The counseling psychologist in business and industry: Ethical concerns

Ethical concerns of counseling psychologists practicing in business and industry are explored in the context of values conflicts, operational issues, and strategies for resolution. An emphasis is placed on strategies evolving from preparation and self-knowledge.
Regulation of drugs used in feedlot diets

Diets fed to feedlot cattle typically contain nutritional ingredients along with other substances intended for various purposes, including growth promotion and disease prevention and control. Questions often arise as to the nature of those feed additives, whether and how they are regulated, and what is legal or illegal. In this article, the author discusses regulations pertinent to the use of drugs in feedlot diets. The article includes a discussion of what a drug is, how drugs are approved in the United States, what uses of drugs in feedlot diets are legal or illegal, and what is on the horizon for future drug regulations.
Optical properties of BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 glasses for fiber and bulk optical applications

Barium gallogermanate glasses are a relatively new family of glasses with tremendous potential for both fiber and bulk optical applications. This ternary system has a broad region of glass forming ability, excellent stability with respect to crystallization, and transmission beyond 5 micrometers . This paper reports the effects of composition and processing on properties critical to both fiber and bulk optical applications of these glasses.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The activities of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications (ISAAA) in crop biotechnology transfer

The International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications (ISAAA) is a not-for-profit organisation. The mission of ISAAA is to help alleviate poverty and hunger in the Third World by increasing crop productivity and income generation, particularly for resource-poor farmers, and to create a safer environment and promote more sustainable agricultural development. ISAAA's activities as an 'honest broker' involve the transfer of appropriate crop biotechnology applications and products, particularly proprietary technology, from the North for the benefit of developing countries in the South, by building partnerships between national programmes in the South and institutions in the North. In the past, developing countries and the institutes assisting them with agricultural research accessed non-proprietary traditional technology from the public sector in industrial countries. With the advent of biotechnology this situation is changing, because biotechnology applications are increasingly proprietary and are owned primarily by private sector corporations in industrial countries. The activities of ISAAA in brokering biotechnology applications are described as well as the support services it provides for national programmes in Africa, Asia and Latin America. L'ISAAA (International service for the acquisition of agribiotech applications) est une organisation internationale a but non lucratif. Sa mission est de combattre la pauvrete et la faim dans les pays en voie de developpement en augmentant la productivite vegetale et les revenus des fermiers pauvres, et de promouvoir le developpement agricole durable.Ses activites consistent a transferer les applications et produits des biotechnologies agricoles vers les pays en developpement.Une presentation des programmes est faite dans cet article.
Incompressible viscous flows on adaptive, multi-block grids

Adaptive, multi-block grid solutions to incompressible viscous flows using a pseudocompressibility approach in generalized three-dimensional coordinates are presented. The multi-block approach described in this paper allows the user to compute flows in arbitrary geometries without the necessity of ad hoc modifications to the flow code. Complete grid continuity at block interfaces is assumed and block-to-block connectivity in a domain, including all boundary conditions, is specified by user input through the NAMELIST utility. Therefore, solution continuity across block interfaces is achieved through automatic communication among adjacent blocks. Also, adaptive grid generation is employed to enhance grid quality in response to the evolving solution in order to better resolve the flow field. Several two- and three-dimensional solutions are compared with equivalent non-adaptive solutions and available experimental data to validate the present method for both laminar and turbulent cases.
A muscarinic agonist-stimulated chloride efflux pathway is associated with fluid secretion in rat parotid acinar cells

Abstract Cl− efflux from rat parotid acinar cells was stimulated by the muscarinic-cholinergic agonist carbachol (K0.5 μM). Carbachol application resulted in a rapid ( T 1 2 ) and dramatic (50%) loss of intracellular Cl− followed by a much slower ( T 1 2 2 min) recovery to approximately 70% of original acinar Cl− content. Diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (1 mM), a putative Cl− channel blocker, blunted the initial Cl− loss and enhanced the subsequent recovery of Cl− content, while bumetanide (0.1 mM) blocked Cl− recovery with no effect of Cl− loss. Calculation of the rate of salivary secretion from measurements of sustained stimulated acinar Cl− release in vitro , yielded a value of 14 μl/gland/min, in excellent agreement with previously published in vivo data. These results demonstrate that Cl− loss via this efflux pathway can account for fluid secretion from the rat parotid gland.
Evidence for a Hydrostatic Mechanism in Human Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema

Study objectives To identify the relative contribution of hydrostatic and permeability mechanisms to the development of human neurogenic pulmonary edema. Design Retrospective review of patients with neurogenic pulmonary edema who had pulmonary edema fluid analysis. Setting University hospital ICU. Patients Twelve patients with neurogenic pulmonary edema in whom the associated neurologic condition was subarachnoid hemorrhage (n=8, 67%), postcraniotomy (n=2), and stroke (n=2). Measurements Protein concentration was measured from pulmonary edema fluid and plasma samples obtained shortly after the onset of clinical pulmonary edema. Results The mechanism of pulmonary edema was classified according to the initial alveolar edema fluid to plasma protein concentration ratio. A hydrostatic mechanism (ratio ≤0.65) was observed in seven patients, none of whom had cardiac failure or intravascular volume overload. Five patients had evidence for increased permeability (ratio >0.70). Patients with a hydrostatic mechanism had better initial oxygenation (mean±SD PaO 2 /FIo 2 [fraction of inspired oxygen]=233±132) compared with patients with increased permeability (PaO 2 /FIo 2 =80±42), and oxygenation improved more rapidly in the hydrostatic patients. Overall mortality (58%) was high, but it was related to unresolved neurologic deficits, not to respiratory failure. Conclusion Many of our patients had a hydrostatic mechanism for neurogenic pulmonary edema. This is a novel observation in humans since prior clinical case reports have emphasized increased permeability as the usual mechanism for neurogenic pulmonary edema. These findings are consistent with pulmonary venoconstriction or transient elevation in left-sided cardiovascular pressures as contributing causes to the development of human neurogenic pulmonary edema.
Social support networks and medical service use among HIV-positive injection drug users: implications to intervention

The study used network analysis to identify forms and sources of social support associated with a medical services use among a medically underserved population living with HIV/AIDS. Participants were African American former or current injection drug users (n=295; 34% female, 45% current drug users and 17% AIDS diagnosed). Outcomes were access to the same medical provider, use of outpatient services and emergency room (ER) use with or without subsequent hospitalization. Controlling for AIDS diagnosis, insurance, current drug use and gender, access to the same medical care provider was associated with more females in one's support network and more network sources of emotional support, financial support and instrumental assistance. Adjusting for confounders, outpatient service use was associated with more female support network members and more sources of emotional support. Controlling for participants' drug use and insurance, sub-optimal emergency department use was associated with greater number of active drug users in one's support network. Contrary to other study findings, having a supportive sex partner was associated with lower access to medical care, and kin support was not associated with medical service use. Results indicate that specific sources and forms of social support had differential influences on the sample's utilization of medical services. The findings suggest that promoting HIV-positive African American injection drug users' support network functioning may help improve HIV medical services utilization among this medically underserved population.
Sickle-cell anemia with unusual bone changes.

Summary An infant with sickle-cell anemiahad swelling of the distal extremities and remarkable roentgenographic alterations in the bones of the wrists and hands. A brief review of scattered previous reports indicated that such manifestations are probably not extremely rare, that their pathogenesis is far from clear, but that healing of the osseous lesions is usually prompt.
Can Tai Chi improve vestibulopathic postural control

Abstract Wayne PM, Krebs DE, Wolf SL, Gill-Body KM, Scarborough DM, McGibbon CA, Kaptchuk TJ, Parker SW. Can Tai Chi improve vestibulopathic postural control? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:142-52. Objectives To evaluate the rationale and scientific support for Tai Chi as an intervention for vestibulopathy and to offer recommendations for future studies. Data sources A computer-aided search, including MEDLINE and Science Citation Index, to identify original Tai Chi studies published in English; relevant references cited in the retrieved articles were also included. Study selection A preliminary screening selected all randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, case-control studies, and case series that included Tai Chi as an intervention and had at least 1 outcome variable relevant to postural stability. Data extraction Authors critically reviewed studies and summarized study designs and outcomes in a summary table. Data synthesis Twenty-four Tai Chi studies met screening criteria. No studies specifically studying Tai Chi for vestibulopathy were found. Collectively, the 24 studies provide sometimes contradictory but generally supportive evidence that Tai Chi may have beneficial effects for balance and postural impairments, especially those associated with aging. Ten RCTs were found, of which 8 provide support that Tai Chi practiced alone, or in combination with other therapies, can reduce risk of falls, and/or impact factors associated with postural control, including improved balance and dynamic stability, increased musculoskeletal strength and flexibility, improved performance of activities of daily living (ADLs), reduced fear of falling, and general improvement in psychologic well-being. Studies using other designs support the results observed in RCTs. Conclusions At present, few data exist to support the contention that Tai Chi specifically targets the impairments, functional limitations, disability, and quality of life associated with peripheral vestibulopathy. There are, however, compelling reasons to further investigate Tai Chi for vestibulopathy, in part because Tai Chi appears useful for a variety of nonvestibulopathy etiologic balance disorders, and is safe. Especially needed are studies that integrate measures of balance relevant to ADLs with other psychologic and cognitive measures; these might help identify specific mechanisms whereby Tai Chi can remedy balance disorders.
Focusing microparticles in a microfluidic channel with standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW)

We introduce a novel on-chip microparticle focusing technique using standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW). Our method is simple, fast, dilution-free, and applicable to virtually any type of microparticle.
Incremental Vehicle 3-D Modeling from Video

In this paper, we present a new model-based approach for building 3-D models of vehicles from color video provided by a traffic surveillance camera. We incrementally build 3D models using a clustering technique. Geometrical relations based on 3D generic vehicle model map 2D features to 3D. The 3D features are then adaptively clustered over the frame sequence to incrementally generate the 3D model of the vehicle. Results are shown for both simulated and real traffic video. They are evaluated by a new structural performance measure underscoring usefulness of incremental learning.
The Use of No Till Farming in U.S. Agriculture: Farmers' Perceptions versus Reality

ABSTRACT A number of economic and environmental benefits are associated with the use of no till in production agriculture in the United States. There are lower labor, energy, and machinery costs associated with no till farming relative to conventional tillage systems and other types of conservation tillage. The reduced erosion and runoff associated with no till also lead to a number of environmental benefits including a reduction in water quality impairment. In order to properly associate the benefits of no till with its use, it is important that farmers' perception of what constitutes no till and their actual use of no till be consistent. An analysis of the Agricultural Resource Management Study survey data for 1996 shows that for soybeans, winter wheat, spring wheat, and durum wheat, farmers' perceptions are consistent with reality. In the case of corn, however, nearly 18 percent of corn farmers believe they are using no till while in actuality, only slightly more than 12 percent are using this tillage ...
Quantum cascade lasers that emit more light than heat

For any semiconductor lasers, the wall plug efficiency, that is, the portion of the injected electrical energy that can be converted into output optical energy, is one of the most important figures of merit. A device with a higher wall plug efficiency has a lower power demand and prolonged device lifetime due to its reduced self-heating. Since its invention, the power performance of the quantum cascade laser1 has improved tremendously2,3,4,5,6,7. However, although the internal quantum efficiency7,8 can be engineered to be greater than 80% at low temperatures, the wall plug efficiency of a quantum cascade laser has never been demonstrated above 50% at any temperature. The best wall plug efficiency reported to date is 36% at 120 K (ref. 9). Here, we overcome the limiting factors using a single-well injector design and demonstrate 53% wall plug efficiency at 40 K with an emitting wavelength of 5 µm. In other words, we demonstrate a quantum cascade laser that produces more light than heat. A mid-infrared quantum cascade laser that emits more light than heat and features a high wall-plug efficiency of up to 53% when operated a temperature of 40 K is reported. The device utilizes a single-well injector design.
Construction of non-binary LDPC codes: A matrix-theoretic approach

This paper presents a matrix-theoretic approach to the construction of non-binary LDPC codes. Two algebraic methods for constructing non-binary LDPC codes are presented. The proposed construction methods have several ingredients including base matrix, matrix-dispersion, masking and replacement. By proper choice and combination of these ingredients, non-binary LDPC codes with good performance can be constructed.
A High Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor for Scientific Imaging Applications

This paper presents a high dynamic range CMOS image sensor that utilizes a combined linear-logarithmic readout scheme with built-in linear-logarithmic switching point detection for scientific imaging applications. The proposed readout architecture adjusts each individual pixel to operate in either linear or logarithmic readout mode according to the input illumination level. This realizes direct high-throughput image reconstruction enabling a hybrid combination of linear and logarithmic pixel outputs in the same image frame without introducing complicated post-signal processing. A novel feature of fine-tuning the overall dynamic range and contrast of the output image is also achieved using this readout method. An image sensor chip consisting of a 16times16 7-T pixel array with n-well/p-sub photodiodes and the proposed readout architecture has been implemented in 0.5 mum CMOS technology. The sensor chip has been evaluated through both electrical and optical characterizations, demonstrating an overall dynamic range of 121 dB. As a proof of concept, scientific imaging results on clusters of nano particles (CoFe2O4) and optical fiber sensor are presented and discussed.
Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: role of mechanical circulatory support

Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) is the leading cause of in-hospital death for patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes. Expert guidelines for the care of AMI-CS patients recommend early revascularization with intra-aortic balloon pump support. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) offer the advantages of providing greater and longer-term cardiac support than an intra-aortic balloon pump and may improve outcomes when inserted early after heart failure symptoms begin. Pulsatile VADs are versatile and can provide biventricular support but are associated with a higher incidence of serious complications. The newer percutaneous VADs can normalize cardiac index and can be implanted without surgery. Therefore, early implementation of percutaneous VADs and early revascularization may reduce the high mortality of AMI-CS. However, access to revascularization and VAD support, including percutaneous VADs, is currently limited and must improve to more effectively treat AMI-CS pa...
Overelaborated synaptic architecture and reduced synaptomatrix glycosylation in a Drosophila classic galactosemia disease model.

Classic galactosemia (CG) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from loss of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), which catalyzes conversion of galactose-1-phosphate and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose to glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose, immediately upstream of UDP–N-acetylgalactosamine and UDP–N-acetylglucosamine synthesis. These four UDP-sugars are essential donors for driving the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which heavily decorate cell surfaces and extracellular spaces. In addition to acute, potentially lethal neonatal symptoms, maturing individuals with CG develop striking neurodevelopmental, motor and cognitive impairments. Previous studies suggest that neurological symptoms are associated with glycosylation defects, with CG recently being described as a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), showing defects in both N- and O-linked glycans. Here, we characterize behavioral traits, synaptic development and glycosylated synaptomatrix formation in a GALT-deficient Drosophila disease model. Loss of Drosophila GALT (dGALT) greatly impairs coordinated movement and results in structural overelaboration and architectural abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Dietary galactose and mutation of galactokinase (dGALK) or UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (sugarless) genes are identified, respectively, as critical environmental and genetic modifiers of behavioral and cellular defects. Assaying the NMJ extracellular synaptomatrix with a broad panel of lectin probes reveals profound alterations in dGALT mutants, including depletion of galactosyl, N-acetylgalactosamine and fucosylated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) moieties, which are differentially corrected by dGALK co-removal and sugarless overexpression. Synaptogenesis relies on trans-synaptic signals modulated by this synaptomatrix carbohydrate environment, and dGALT-null NMJs display striking changes in heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) co-receptor and Wnt ligand levels, which are also corrected by dGALK co-removal and sugarless overexpression. These results reveal synaptomatrix glycosylation losses, altered trans-synaptic signaling pathway components, defective synaptogenesis and impaired coordinated movement in a CG neurological disease model.
Exact maximum likelihood estimation of superimposed exponential signals in noise

A unified framework for the exact Maximum Likelihood estimation of the parameters of superimposed exponential signals in noise, encompassing both the single and the multiexperiment cases (respectively the time series and the array problems), is presented. An exact expression for the ML criterion is derived in terms of the prediction polynomial of the noiseless signal, and an iterative algorithm for the maximization of this criterion is presented. A simulation example shows the estimator to be capable of providing more accurate frequency estimates than currently existing techniques.
Generalized minimum-distance decoding in Euclidean-space: performance analysis

We present a detailed analysis of generalized minimum distance (GMD) decoding algorithms for Euclidean space codes. In particular, we completely characterize GMD decoding regions in terms of receiver front-end properties. This characterization is used to show that GMD decoding regions have intricate geometry. We prove that although these decoding regions are polyhedral, they are essentially always nonconvex. We furthermore show that conventional performance parameters, such as error-correction radius and effective error coefficient, do not capture the essential geometric features of a GMD decoding region, and thus do not provide a meaningful measure of performance. As an alternative, probabilistic estimates of, and upper bounds upon, the performance of GMD decoding are developed. Furthermore, extensive simulation results, for both low-dimensional and high-dimensional sphere-packings, are presented. These simulations show that multilevel codes in conjunction with multistage GMD decoding provide significant coding gains at a very low complexity. Simulated performance, in both cases, is in remarkably close agreement with our probabilistic approximations.
Thermal Regeneration of the Tensile Properties of Hydrolytically Degraded Polyimide Film.

Heat treatment at temperatures of 224° to 310°C of hydrolytically degraded polyimide film has been shown to regenerate the ultimate tensile strength from 15.1 ksi to 24.3 ksi after 80 hr at 224°C and to 25.8 ksi after 2 hr at 310°C, whereas the elongation to failure is simultaneously increased from 6.3% to 38.3% at 224°C and to 50.7% at 310°C. Prior to degradation, the film had an ultimate tensile strength of 26.6 ksi and an elongation to failure of 62.0%. The kinetics of this regeneration indicate that the reaction corresponds to the two-step recombination of the hydrolytically attacked amide linkages that were initially present in the “as received” polyimide film. The regenerated polyimide exhibits a much improved hydrolytic stability over the untreated material and specimens heat treated directly without prior aqueous degradation.
Kinship Matters: Structures of Alliance, Indigenous Foragers, and the Austronesian Diaspora

Abstract The study of kinship systems has direct relevance for the field of human genetics and the study of microevolution in human populations. Some types of postmarital residence rules—rules requiring a married couple to live with or near relatives of the husband or wife—will have consequences for the distribution of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome lineages. Rules that proscribe or encourage marriage with close kin will also have consequences for allele frequency. A preference for marrying at a distance, both socially and geographically, creates alliances that can have survival value for individuals and groups in an environment of periodic or unpredictable scarcity. This article considers the nature of early contact between the indigenous foraging populations of the Philippines and Austronesian speaking settlers who began arriving ∼4,500–4,000 BP. It argues that when the first Austronesians arrived they brought with them a kinship system based on symmetrical exchange between descent-based groups. It ...
Introduction to Multi-Criteria Decision Making

The analysis of the way people make decisions (prescriptive theories) or the way people ought to make decisions (normative theories) is perhaps as old as the recorded history of mankind. Of course, not all these analyses were characterized by the rigorous scientific approaches we see in the literature today. Therefore, it is not surprising that the literature in decision making is humongous and continuously increasing. At the same time, however, the development of the perfect decision making method for rational real life decision making still remains an elusive goal. This contradiction between the extensiveness of the study on this subject and the elusiveness of the final goal of the real life applicability of the findings, constitutes in a way the ultimate decision making paradox.
Dendritic Calcium Encodes Striatal Neuron Output during Up-States

Striatal spiny projection neurons control basal ganglia outputs via action potential bursts conveyed to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Accordingly, burst activity in these neurons contributes importantly to basal ganglia function and dysfunction. These bursts are driven by multiple corticostriatal inputs that depolarize spiny projection neurons from their resting potential of approximately -85 mV, which is the down-state, to a subthreshold up-state of -55 mV. To understand dendritic processing of bursts during up-states, changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured in striatal spiny projection neurons from cortex-striatum-substantia nigra organotypic cultures grown for 5-6 weeks using somatic whole-cell patch recording and Fura-2. During up-states, [Ca2+]i transients at soma and primary, secondary, and tertiary dendrites were highly correlated with burst strength (i.e., the number of spontaneous action potentials). During down-states, the action potentials evoked by somatic current pulses elicited [Ca2+]i transients in higher-order dendrites that were also correlated with burst strength. Evoked bursts during up-states increased dendritic [Ca2+]i transients supralinearly by >200% compared with the down-state. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, burst-like voltage commands failed to elicit [Ca2+]i transients at higher-order dendrites. Thus, dendritic [Ca2+]i transients in spiny projection neurons encode somatic bursts supralinearly during up-states through active propagation of action potentials along dendrites. We suggest that this conveys information about the contribution of a spiny projection neuron to a basal ganglia output specifically back to the corticostriatal synapses involved in generating these outputs.
Expanding Access to Colorectal Cancer Screening: Benchmarking Quality Indicators in a Primary Care Colonoscopy Program

Background: An inadequate supply of physicians who perform colonoscopies contributes to suboptimal screening rates, especially among the underserved. This shortage could be reduced if primary care physicians perform colonoscopies. This purpose of this article is to report quality indicators from colonoscopy procedures performed by family medicine physicians as part of a colorectal cancer prevention program targeting uninsured, low-income individuals. Methods: A grant-funded colorectal cancer screening program was implemented to increase access to affordable colonoscopies for underinsured or uninsured residents of target counties while providing colonoscopy training to family medicine resident physicians. Colonoscopies were performed or supervised by 4 board-certified family physicians. Data were collected between 2011 and 2014. Results: A total of 1155 colonoscopies were performed on 1101 individuals over a 3-year period. Cecal intubation rate was 96.25%. Adenoma detection rates among men and women >50 years old were 38.15% and 25.96%, respectively. There was 1 perforation, which was referred to a hospital, and 1 instance of postprocedural bleeding, which spontaneously resolved. Conclusions: Primary care physicians performing colonoscopies met the recommended quality indicators set forth by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. (J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28: 713‐721.)
The use of propranolol in rapid sequence anaesthetic induction: optimal time interval for pretreatment.

Forty patients ASA physical status I-III were selected and divided into four groups. Group I, Control, received saline pretreatment five minutes prior to rapid sequence induction and intubation, while Groups II, III and IV received propranolol 0.01 mg.kg-1 IV two, five or eight minutes prior to induction and intubation. Measurements of heart rale (HR), arterial blood pressure (ABP) were recorded as baseline values and at one, two, five, eight and 20 minutes, and simultaneous venous samples were withdrawn for propranolol levels. Calculated rate pressure product (RPP) showed best haemodynamic control in Group III. Serum propranolol levels were under 5 ng.ml-1 in Group III and undetectable in Group IV. Our data show that the optimal time interval between IV propranolol administration and intubation was five minutes.
Tonic, but not phasic corticosterone, constrains stress activatedextracellular-regulated-kinase 1/ 2 immunoreactivity within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

The negative-feedback actions of corticosterone (CORT) depend on both phasic and tonic CORT secretion patterns to regulate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. How these two different CORT secretion pattens influence specific intracellular signal transduction pathway activity within the cellular elements of the HPA axis has not been determined. For example, it is unknown whether CORT has suppressive actions over signal transduction events within medial parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurones, nor whether these suppressive actions are responsible for alterations in PVN transcriptional processes and neurohormone secretion associated with stress. The extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) is a stress activated intracellular signalling molecule that is potentially subject to glucocorticoid negative-feedback regulation. We tested the ability of CORT to modulate levels of the active (phosphorylated) form of ERK (pERK1 ⁄ 2) in the PVN of rats. Acute psychological stress (restraint) produced a rapid increase in the number of PVN pERK1 ⁄ 2 immunopositive cells within CRH neurones. Absence of tonic CORT via adrenalectomy (ADX) produced no change in basal pERK1 ⁄ 2 cell counts but augmented the increased pERK1 ⁄ 2 cell counts elicited by acute restraint. Treatment of ADX rats with CORT in the drinking water normalised this enhanced pERK1 ⁄ 2 response to stress. By contrast, treatment of ADX rats with a phasic increase in CORT 1 h before restraint had no effect on pERK1 ⁄ 2 cell counts, despite substantially suppressing stress-induced PVN crh gene expression and adrenonocorticotrophic hormone secretion. This tonic CORT inhibition of stress-induced activation of ERK1 ⁄ 2 may involve both alteration of the activity of stress-dependent neural inputs to PVN CRH neurones and alteration within those neurones of stress-dependent intracellular signalling mechanisms associated with ERK activation.
Trademark Law Primer

This chapter summarizes trademark principles and substantive law. It is part of a forthcoming volume on managing trademark litigation.
Evaluation of the effect of fasting and exercise on uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi in breast tissue

2504 Objectives To determine if changes in a subject’s prandial status (fasting versus fed) and metabolic status (rest vs.light exercise) at the time of injection of Tc-99m sestamibi alter its uptake in breast tissue. Methods Evaluation of Prandial Status - After an overnight fast, 24 women underwent 2 consecutive molecular breast imaging (MBI) studies before and 30 minutes after consuming a standard meal. Evaluation of Metabolic Status - 22 women underwent 2 consecutive MBI studies before and after performing upright exercise at 70%-80% of maximum predicted heart rate. Medio-lateral oblique (MLO) views of both breasts were obtained using a dual head CZT gamma camera system. ROI analysis was performed on the left MLO views and breast activity was normalized to units of counts/pixel/mCi. As appropriate, corrections were applied for residual activity from the first MBI study. Changes in breast activity with intervention were computed to determine influence of fasting or exercise on breast activity. Results In 24 subjects who completed the prandial study, the average count density (cts/pixel/mCi) in the breast was 6.3+2.2 in fed state and 8.0+2.4 in fasting state (p Conclusions Uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi in breast tissue is influenced by prandial state and exercise. Maintaining the subject in a fasting / resting state can result in ~25% increased uptake of Tc-99m sestamibi in breast tissue. This has important implications for strategies aimed at reducing patient dose or procedure time in MBI.
Potential Pulse Atomic Layer Deposition of Cu2Se

Crystalline thin films of cuprous selenide (Cu2Se) were electrodeposited at room temperature from an aqueous solution containing elemental precursors for Cu and Se, using a potential pulse version of atomic layer deposition. Cyclic voltammetry was used to estimate Anodic and Cathodic cycle potentials for the formation of Cu2Se, which were then examined to systematically optimize the cycle. Electron probe microanalysis was used to follow the Cu/Se atomic ratios as a function of the cycle parameters, and X-ray diffraction was used to investigate deposit structure: polycrystalline orthorhombic Cu2Se, with some cubic. Film thicknesses, from spectroscopic ellipsometry, were shown to be proportional to the number of cycles performed (0.02 nm/cycle), and scanning electron microscopy suggested that the deposits were consistent with layer-by-layer growth as a function of the number of cycles.
Clinical and pathologic correlation of p73 expression in surgically staged endometrial cancer

e22153 Background: p73 is a p53 homologue that has been implicated both as a tumor suppressor and oncogene. While known to play a role in the apoptotic response, homozygous p73 knockout mice have not shown an increased susceptibility to tumor formation. However, recent literature suggests that p73 dysregulation may play a role in retinoblastoma, ovarian and bladder cancer. We sought to correlate p73 status with clinical-pathologic factors including mismatch repair status, in a large cohort of comprehensively staged endometrial cancers. Methods: Primary endometrial and colon cancers were used to create a tissue microarray (TMA). Two-hundred eight endometrial specimens were available for evaluation. Immunohistochemistry with p73 was performed using commercial available antibodies. Positive staining was defined as > 10% cells having positive nuclear staining. Microsatellite (MSI) instability testing as well as IHC for p53 had been previously performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact ...
Forgiveness and Mental Health

We report a decade review of studies conducted to investigate the relationship between forgiveness and mental health. The salutary effects of forgiveness among victims of offense are summarized according to four propositions: (1) Unforgiveness is a stress-reaction related to poor mental health, (2) Forgiveness is a coping strategy related to improved mental health, (3) Individual differences moderate the impact of forgiveness on health, and (4) Psychological states mediate the impact of forgiveness on health. In addition, perpetrators of offense who seek and receive forgiveness as well as perpetrators who forgive themselves experience better mental health. We conclude that empirical evidence supports the application of forgiveness as a mechanism to promote better mental health among victims and perpetrators of interpersonal harm.
Impact of Hydrogen Addition on Flame Response to Stretch and Curvature

We present a formulation of a cylindrical laminar flame stabilized in an axisymmetric stagnation flow. The formulation is described by a one-dimensional set of governing equations incorporating detailed kinetics and transport, including thermal diffusion and Dufour effects. Numerical solution with a preconditioned inexact Newton-Krylov method ensures efficient and robust convergence. The formulation is extended to model the opposed-flow laminar twin-flame as well. The impact of hydrogen addition on the response of a lean premixed methaine–air flame to strain and curvature is examined.
Complement-Enhanced Immunity to Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Mice

Subcutaneous chambers were implanted in mice, injected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and supplemented with complement as a model for studying the immunogenicity and strain diversity of N. gonorrhoeae. Immunotypic resistance to N. gonorrhoeae in immunized mice was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased by injection of exogenous guinea pig complement into the host before challenge with gonococci. By using this model to test gonococcal isolates from various geographical areas, two highly immunogenic but immunotypically different gonococcal strains were identified. The piliated cells of these strains induced both complement-enhanced immunity and a degree of exogenous complement-independent immunity. The immunity in mice not treated with complement developed more slowly, was less effective, and waned earlier than that which was complement-dependent. Pretreatment with complement, although highly effective in preventing infection in immunized mice, was much less beneficial in terminating already established infections, even though bactericidal antibodies were present at the time of complement treatment. The mouse chamber model in which both complement-mediated and complement-independent mechanisms of protection can be evaluated may provide an additional tool for elucidating the immunology of gonococcal or other microbial infections.
Direct capture and heterologous expression of Salinispora natural product genes for the biosynthesis of enterocin.

Heterologous expression of secondary metabolic pathways is a promising approach for the discovery and characterization of bioactive natural products. Herein we report the first heterologous expression of a natural product from the model marine actinomycete genus Salinispora. Using the recently developed method of yeast-mediated transformation-associated recombination for natural product gene clusters, we captured a type II polyketide synthase pathway from Salinispora pacifica with high homology to the enterocin pathway from Streptomyces maritimus and successfully produced enterocin in two different Streptomyces host strains. This result paves the way for the systematic interrogation of Salinispora’s promising secondary metabolome.
The Calculator Effect: Understanding the Impact of Calculators as Accommodations for Secondary Students With Disabilities

Calculators serve as general tools in mathematics classrooms; however, they also serve as a common accommodation for students with disabilities. Yet, their role as an accommodation is not without c...
The impact of nutrition on infection.

Nutritional deficits increase the risk of infectious complications. This is most clearly seen in the more exaggerated cases of malnutrition, but is also observed to some extent in cases of intermediate severity. Studies have not detected susceptibility to particular organisms but implicate the mechanisms of defense against microorganisms.
Illegal drug use and criminal lifestyle : Conversations with pows from the war on drugs

Des detenus d'une maison centrale incarceres pour divers delits lies aux stupefiants decrivent le contexte social du commerce de la drogue. La gravite des inegalites economiques, une politique gouvernementale repressive et des moeurs puritaines influencent la facon dont les interviewes comprennent leurs relations au travail, a la famille, a l'ecole ainsi que leur comportement toxicomane ayant conduit a leur incarceration.
Lipogenesis in a wing-polymorphic cricket: Canalization versus morph-specific plasticity as a function of nutritional heterogeneity

Abstract The influence of variable nutritional input on life history adaptation is a central, but incompletely understood aspect of life history physiology. The wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus, has been extensively studied with respect to the biochemical basis of life history adaptation, in particular, modification of lipid metabolism that underlies the enhanced accumulation of lipid flight fuel in the dispersing morph [LW(f) = long wings with functional flight muscles] relative to the flightless (SW = short-winged) morph. To date, biochemical studies have been undertaken almost exclusively using a single laboratory diet. Thus, the extent to which nutritional heterogeneity, likely experienced in the field, influences this key morph adaptation is unknown. We used the experimental approach of the Geometric Framework for Nutrition and employed 13 diets that differed in the amounts and ratios of protein and carbohydrate to assess how nutrient amount and balance affects morph-specific lipid biosynthesis. Greater lipid biosynthesis and allocation to the soma in the LW(f) compared with the SW morph (1) occurred across the entire protein-carbohydrate landscape and (2) is likely an important contributor to elevated somatic lipid in the LW(f) morph across the entire protein-carbohydrate landscape. Nevertheless, dietary carbohydrate strongly affected lipid biosynthesis in a morph-specific manner (to a greater degree in the LW(f) morph). Lipogenesis in the SW morph may be constrained due to its more limited lipid storage capacity compared to the LW(f) morph. Elevated activity of NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+-IDH), an enzyme that produces reducing equivalents for lipid biosynthesis, was correlated with and may be an important cause of the increased lipogenesis in the LW(f) morph across most, but not all regions of the protein-carbohydrate landscape. By contrast, ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the pathway of fatty acid biosynthesis, showed complex morph-specific patterns of activity that were strongly contingent upon diet. Morph-specific patterns of NADP+-IDH and ACL activities across the nutrient landscape were much more complex than expected from previous studies on a single diet. Collectively, our results indicate that the biochemical basis of an important life history adaptation, morph-specific lipogenesis, can be canalized in the face of substantial nutritional heterogeneity. However, in some regions of the protein-carbohydrate landscape, it is strongly modulated in a morph-specific manner.
Digital Place-Making: Insights from Critical Cartography and GIS

History, including contemporary history, is as much about time as it is about space, place, and territory. Not accidentally, historians have long used paper maps as their data (maps made at different time periods) and as a form of analysis (e.g., historical atlases, maps of historic battles, etc.). Maps have always been an incredibly succinct and visually powerful way to tell a story. On the one hand, therefore, turning to digital mapping technologies is continuous with this tradition. On the other hand, geospatial technologies created new ways of analyzing and representing by connecting digital maps to data behind the map. In this way, they open new opportunities and pose new challenges to historians and other humanities scholars who engage with place and space on the crest of “spatial turn” and digital revolution. Geographers working in the fields of critical cartography and critical GIS have addressed these opportunities and challenges in a number of ways. This chapter will address some of these challenges and opportunities in relation to historical and contemporary mapping practices that contribute significantly to digital place-making, and include but are not limited to the web-based and neogeographical representations of place. In particular, how can digital place-making be understood in the context of such issues as maps as a medium of power, ontological power of maps and digital representations of place, authorship of maps, what gets to be represented and what is silenced, and what kind of information is conveyed and which is excluded? What are the implications of digital divide for digital place-making and online citizenship? I will examine the above questions drawing on a combination of critical social theory, feminism, post-structuralism, and postcolonial thought.