cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RNA interfering effects of CCL20 shRNA expressing vectors on human embryonic kidney cells

Objective To investigate the inhibiting effects of short hairpin RNA on the expression of CCL20 mRNA and protein in human embryonic kidney cells (293FT cells) by using CCL20 shRNA expressing vectors (pSCS-EGFP). Methods The three previously constructed pSCS-EGFP vectors were used in this study (pSCS-EGFP-1 is CCL20 gene mismatch,while pSCS-EGFP-2 and pSCS-EGFP-3 are CCL20 gene specific). The vectors were transfected into 293FT cells by using liposome,and their transfection rates were observed by inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry 24 hours after transfection. These cells were cultured for 48 hours with the three vectors of pSCS-EGFP,respectively,and then treated with TNF-α and IL-1β for 24 hours. The expression of CCL20 mRNA and protein was determined by Real-time fluorescent-quantitative PCR and ELISA,respectively. Results The transfection rates of pSCS-EGFP-1,2,3 were(73.8±5.3)%,(50.0±4.8)%,and (56.8±2.9)%,respectively. The inhibition rates of pSCS-EGFP-1,2,3 on 293FT cells stimulated with cytokines were (18.53±34.44)%,(90.40±3.94)%,and (92.50±6.15)% for CCL20 mRNA expression,and were (14.88±17.39)%,(71.76±8.27)%,and (88.56±1.74)% for CCL20 protein secretion,respectively. Without cytokine stimulation,the corresponding inhibition rates of the three vectors were (61.37±11.72)%,(84.33±12.78)%,and (80.27±15.84)% for CCL20 mRNA,and were (19.91±48.12)%,(-27.87±50.24)%,and (87.21±8.36)% for CCL20 protein secretion,respectively. Conclusion Short hairpin RNAs specifically against CCL20 gene have significant down-regulation effect on the expression of CCL20 mRNA and protein in human embryonic kidney cells stimulated with inflammatory cytokines. These results could provide useful experimental evidences for the prevention and treatment of CCL20 associated diseases,such as kidney allograft rejection.
Policy Comparison in the process of International Industrialization

The developed countries have accomplished the industrialization at present,but the developingcountries fall behind.After summarizing the characteristics and analyzing the differences about policies ofindustry,market,finance in industrialization process between developed countries and developing coun-tries under different backgrounds.This paper indicates that the market adjustment solely cannot assurethe healthy development of industrialization,and government instruction plays an important role.Thisconclusion has guide significance for our country to select and arrange policies of industrialization basedon the combination model of market adjustment and government instruction.
Learning Stable Multilevel Dictionaries for Sparse Representation of Images

Dictionaries adapted to the data provide superior performance when compared to predefined dictionaries in applications involving sparse representations. Algorithmic stability and generalization are desirable characteristics for dictionary learning algorithms that aim to build global dictionaries which can efficiently model any test data similar to the training samples. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to learn dictionaries for sparse representation of image patches, and prove that the proposed learning algorithm is stable and generalizable asymptotically. The algorithm employs a 1-D subspace clustering procedure, the K-lines clustering, in order to learn a hierarchical dictionary with multiple levels. Furthermore, we propose a regularized pursuit scheme for computing sparse representations using a multilevel dictionary. Using simulations, we demonstrate the stability and generalization characteristics of the proposed algorithm with natural image patches. Finally, we employ multilevel dictionaries for compressed recovery and demonstrate improvements in recovery performance using both random and optimized projections when compared to baseline K-SVD dictionaries.
Fishing for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Zebrafish as a Model for Ethanol Teratogenesis.

Abstract Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) describes a wide array of ethanol-induced developmental defects, including craniofacial dysmorphology and cognitive impairments. It affects ∼1 in 100 children born in the United States each year. Due to the pleiotropic effects of ethanol, animal models have proven critical in characterizing the mechanisms of ethanol teratogenesis. In this review, we focus on the utility of zebrafish in characterizing ethanol-induced developmental defects. A growing number of laboratories have focused on using zebrafish to examine ethanol-induced defects in craniofacial, cardiac, ocular, and neural development, as well as cognitive and behavioral impairments. Growing evidence supports that genetic predisposition plays a role in these ethanol-induced defects, yet little is understood about these gene–ethanol interactions. With a high degree of genetic amenability, zebrafish is at the forefront of identifying and characterizing the gene–ethanol interactions that underlie FASD....
Laboratory Monitoring of Thrombolytic Therapy

The concept and strategy of thrombolytic therapy are absolutely correct. The obstructing intraluminal thrombus is in urgent need of resolution to permit reestablishment of blood flow. As investigative efforts in this area continue, more effective and more rapidly acting thrombolytic agents will be forthcoming. The thrombolytic agents available today are excellent and can definitely be used safely. However, a modicum of common sense must be employed in initiating their use. There must be frequent contact with the patient receiving such important and needed therapy. It is foolish for those individuals either not familiar with or not educated to utilize thrombolytic agents to make broad sweeping statements that such agents, whose efficacy has been demonstrated, should not be employed in the treatment of thrombosis. Such an attitude is an example of how not to proceed to further improvement in health care. To be content to remain in the past will never permit entrance into the future.
Emulsion-Based RIR-MAPLE Deposition of Conjugated Polymers: Primary Solvent Effect and Its Implications on Organic Solar Cell Performance

Emulsion-based, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE) has been demonstrated as an alternative technique to deposit conjugated polymer films for photovoltaic applications; yet, a fundamental understanding of how the emulsion target characteristics translate into film properties and solar cell performance is unclear. Such understanding is crucial to enable the rational improvement of organic solar cell (OSC) efficiency and to realize the expected advantages of emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE for OSC fabrication. In this paper, the effect of the primary solvent used in the emulsion target is studied, both experimentally and theoretically, and it is found to determine the conjugated polymer cluster size in the emulsion as well as surface roughness and internal morphology of resulting polymer films. By using a primary solvent with low solubility-in-water and low vapor pressure, the surface roughness of deposited P3HT and PCPDTBT polymer films was reduced to 10 nm, and the efficiency o...
High-Spin States in the (p,n) Reaction

In 1974, Moffa and Walker1 stressed that certain “exotic states” of relatively high spin should dominate medium-energy (p,p’) and (p,n) reactions at large momentum transfers. They predicted that the study of the excitation of these states would be important to determine the high-momentum transfer components of the nucleon-nucleon (N-N) effective interaction at medium energies. Since the discussion of Moffa and Walker, experimental studies of high-spin states have been performed with both the (p,p’) and (p,n) reactions. These studies are providing not only information regarding the high-momentum transfer components of the N-N effective interaction, but are also beginning to provide nuclear structure information.
Surveys of Gauge Models

The definition of free fermionic heterotic string (FFHS) gauge models is presented. These represent the simplest conceivable models from the perspective of string model building, but while they may be descriptions of our observable universe they do provide a firm foundation for exploration of the string landscape. This chapter discusses the uniqueness and redundancies of gauge models in terms of FFHS basis vectors. We then proceed to the results of the first two systematic surveys of layer one gauge models with four large spacetime dimensions. These results include model redundancies, gauge group distribution statistics, and observed group combinations. The surveys are then extended to include models in D = 5, …, 10 large spacetime dimensions. The final sections discuss the results of initial higher layer surveys as well as the concept of a generalized gauge model.
Algorithm 967: A Distributed-Memory Fast Multipole Method for Volume Potentials

The solution of a constant-coefficient elliptic Partial Differential Equation (PDE) can be computed using an integral transform: A convolution with the fundamental solution of the PDE, also known as a volume potential. We present a Fast Multipole Method (FMM) for computing volume potentials and use them to construct spatially adaptive solvers for the Poisson, Stokes, and low-frequency Helmholtz problems. Conventional N-body methods apply to discrete particle interactions. With volume potentials, one replaces the sums with volume integrals. Particle N-body methods can be used to accelerate such integrals. but it is more efficient to develop a special FMM. In this article, we discuss the efficient implementation of such an FMM. We use high-order piecewise Chebyshev polynomials and an octree data structure to represent the input and output fields and enable spectrally accurate approximation of the near-field and the Kernel Independent FMM (KIFMM) for the far-field approximation. For distributed-memory parallelism, we use space-filling curves, locally essential trees, and a hypercube-like communication scheme developed previously in our group. We present new near and far interaction traversals that optimize cache usage. Also, unlike particle N-body codes, we need a 2:1 balanced tree to allow for precomputations. We present a fast scheme for 2:1 balancing. Finally, we use vectorization, including the AVX instruction set on the Intel Sandy Bridge architecture to get better than 50p of peak floating-point performance. We use task parallelism to employ the Xeon Phi on the Stampede platform at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC). We achieve about 600gflop/s of double-precision performance on a single node. Our largest run on Stampede took 3.5s on 16K cores for a problem with 18e+9 unknowns for a highly nonuniform particle distribution (corresponding to an effective resolution exceeding 3e+23 unknowns since we used 23 levels in our octree).
An Enduring Health Risk of Childhood Adversity: Earlier, More Severe, and Longer Lasting Work Disability in Adult Life

Objectives Childhood adversity has been linked with adult health problems. We hypothesized that childhood adversity would also be associated with work limitations due to physical or nervous health problems, known as work disability. Method With data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (1968-2013; n = 6,045; 82,374 transitions; 129,107 person-years) and the 2014 PSID Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study, we estimated work disability transition probabilities with multinomial logistic Markov models. Four or more adversities defined a high level. Microsimulations quantified adult work disability patterns for African American and non-Hispanic white women and men, accounting for age, education, race, sex, diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and sedentary behavior. Results Childhood adversity was significantly associated with work disability. Of African American women with high adversity, 10.2% had moderate work disability at age 30 versus 4.1% with no reported adversities; comparable results for severe work disability were 5.6% versus 1.9% (both p < .01). Comparable results for whites were 11.3% versus 4.7%, and 3.5% versus 1.1% (p < .01). The association of childhood adversity with work disability remained significant after adjusting for diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and sedentary behavior (p < .05). Conclusions Childhood adversity may increase work disability throughout adult life.
Diving Deep: Reflective Questions for Identifying Tacit Disciplinary Information Literacy Knowledge Practices, Dispositions, and Values through the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy

Abstract The ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education combined with the Decoding the Disciplines model provides a structure for critical reflection to help unearth and clarify tacit, or unspoken, expert disciplinary processes and values related to information literacy. This article details a pilot project designed to explore the process of unearthing unspoken assumptions about disciplinary information literacy through reflective questions designed using the theory of Decoding the Disciplines and the structure of the Framework, and details themes which emerged from several of the author's experiences with librarians and teaching faculty working through the reflections. The themes are presented as potential further sites for inquiry and to generate ideas for identifying and addressing discipline-specific roadblocks, both practical and cultural, through the Framework.
The Sources of Uncertainty in Disorders of Consciousness

This article considers recent developments in neurotechnology and their potential to either mitigate or exacerbate the uncertainty of diagnosis and prognosis of DoCs, as well as the potential impac...
Hypothesis and Summary

Type I polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD-I) is classically described by the association of bilateral polyfollicular ovaries (PFO), infertility, menstrual dysfunction and hirsutism (880). A disease spectrum has emerged which is commonly associated with a varying incidence of obesity, hyperandrogenemia, increased peripheral conversion of androgens into estrogens, and an elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio (1011). Although the etiology of PCOD-I is unclear, the spectrum of disorders, ranging from some patients with “idiopathic hirsutism” to hyperthecosis, involves an abnormal hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis; this differs from type II polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD- II) which initially involves an adrenal steroidogenic defect (37). It is suggested that both PCOD-I and PCOD-II consist of two stages: a causative “generator” stage and an “effector” stage manifested by a positive-feedback cycle between the ovary and the hypothalamic-pituitary unit (629).
Socrates and the Unity of the Virtues

In the Protagoras, Socrates argues that each of the virtue-terms refers to “one thing” (eν: 333b4). But in the Laches (190c8–d5, 199e6–7), Socrates claims that courage is a proper part of virtue as a whole, and at Euthyphro 11e7–12e2, Socrates says that piety is a proper part of justice. But A cannot be both identical to B and also a proper part of B – piety cannot be both identical to justice and also a proper part of justice. In this paper we argue that coherent sense can be made of Socrates' apparently conflicting claims. The key to understanding Socrates' position, we will argue, is the central role of wisdom among the virtues. It is through the relationship of each virtue to wisdom that each may be said to be the same as all of the others, on the one hand, and also that some virtues may be regarded as proper parts of some other virtues, or as proper parts of virtue in general, on the other.
CT Evaluation of Aortic Dissection

Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the aorta, specifically aortic dissection, in the following clinical circumstances: Diagnosis of acute dissection in patients with the acute onset of chest or back pain or neurologic deficit1, Follow-up of known medically treated type B dissection, and Surveillance after surgical repair or percutaneous intervention.
Renin Release by Rat Kidney Slices In Vitro

The stimuli for renin release have been a source of considerable interest as evidenced by the work of the past several years and the communications of this conference. Today I would like to describe a method whereby isolated stimuli can be examined for their effect on renin release from rat kidney slices in vitro. This method has been developed and refined in our laboratory and we are currently beginning studies to elucidate the factors that control renin release in vitro.
An intensive family-based treatment guided intervention for medically hospitalized youth with anorexia nervosa: Parental self-efficacy and weight-related outcomes

Recent studies suggest the efficacy of family-based treatment (FBT) among youth with anorexia nervosa (AN) in intensive treatment settings. This study aimed to assess weight outcomes in youth who received an FBT intervention while hospitalized for medical complications of AN. Parental self-efficacy among participating caregivers was also measured. Post-discharge weights of 49 participants were compared with weights of 44 youth who were hospitalized prior to the provision of the FBT intervention. Youth who received the FBT intervention gained significantly more weight than youth in the retrospective treatment as usual group at 3 and 6 months following discharge. FBT youth were 2.84 times more likely than retrospective treatment as usual youth to achieve at least 95% of treatment goal weight at 6 months post-discharge. Finally, parental self-efficacy significantly increased in caregivers who participated in the FBT intervention. Findings provided preliminary support for the provision of FBT to medically hospitalized youth with AN.
George Eliot: Money’s Past and Money’s Future

This chapter considers the ethics of inheriting money perceived to be tainted by a corrupt past and the choices that Eliot’s characters face when considering how to invest for the future. Henry situates Middlemarch and Daniel Deronda in the context of the investment cultures of Eliot’s late career, specifically her relationship to her financial advisor and future husband, John Walter Cross. She pays particular attention to Eliot’s uniquely progressive portfolio of diversified investments, overseen by Cross, which put her at the forefront of modern investing practices.
Reagent-Free and Rapid Assessment of T Cell Activation State Using Diffraction Phase Microscopy and Deep Learning.

CD8+ T cells constitute an essential compartment of the adaptive immune system. During immune responses, naive T cells become functional, as they are primed with their cognate determinants by the antigen presenting cells. Current methods of identifying activated CD8+ T cells are laborious, time-consuming and expensive due to the extensive list of required reagents. Here, we demonstrate an optical imaging approach featuring quantitative phase imaging to distinguish activated CD8+ T cells from naive CD8+ T cells in a rapid and reagent-free manner. We measured the dry mass of live cells and employed transport-based morphometry to better understand their differential morphological attributes. Our results reveal that, upon activation, the dry cell mass of T cells increases significantly in comparison to that of unstimulated cells. By employing deep learning formalism, we are able to accurately predict the population ratios of unknown mixed population based on the acquired quantitative phase images. We envision that, with further refinement, this label-free method of T cell phenotyping will lead to a rapid and cost-effective platform for assaying T cell responses to candidate antigens in the near future.
Nursing Education in the Midst of the Opioid Crisis.

Abstract Objectives The current opioid addiction crisis highlights two chronic health conditions which have traditionally received relatively little emphasis in nursing curricula: addiction and chronic pain. In an effort to provide direction to nursing programs in the US on the curriculum needed to prepare students to care for patients and meaningfully intervene in the opioid crisis, this paper presents an overview of the curricular elements which require integration. Design and Data Sources Specifically, the state of current nursing education in pain and addiction are reviewed, followed by foundational knowledge for nursing practice to address the opioid crisis. Review/Analysis Methods Practice competencies for generalist registered nurses as well as advanced practice nurses will then be detailed, and, recognizing the role nurses play in policy development and implementation, policy interventions to address the opioid crisis will also be presented. Result and Conclusions Both addiction and chronic pain are sources of suffering for patients; the key role nursing can play in reducing the experience of these illnesses in these vulnerable populations is critical to addressing the opioid addiction crisis.
Variation in Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Heat Stroke Victims in the Mass-Casualty Setting

Abstract Background Immigrants crossing the Southern U.S. border are particularly susceptible to heat illness. We review 3 patients from a heat-related mass-casualty incident with variations in heat stroke presentation, course, and outcome. Case Report On July 23, 2017, emergency medical services responded to a trafficking-related mass-casualty incident in San Antonio, Texas, involving 39 migrants found inside an abandoned tractor trailer without air conditioning who had been trafficked from Laredo, Texas. Three victims exhibiting heat stroke symptoms were taken to the ED of a large academic teaching hospital. Patient 1 was a 42-year-old man who presented with seizing, vomiting, and a core temperature of 38.8°C (101.8°F). His 54-day hospital course was notable for 2 cardiac arrests, disseminated intravascular coagulation, prolonged lactic acidosis, and residual kidney disease. Patient 2 was a 32-year-old man who presented to the emergency department intubated in the field with a core temperature of 40.7°C (105.3°F). His 60-day hospital course was notable for disseminated intravascular coagulation, severely elevated troponin, prolonged lactic acidosis, and stroke. Patient 3 was a 20-year-old man who presented with seizing and decorticate posturing, with a core temperature of 40.5°C (104.9°F). His 6-day hospital course was notable for rapid clinical improvement and full recovery. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Emergency physicians will encounter heat stroke victims. Our patients were exposed to an identical environment, and while each patient was otherwise healthy and differed significantly only in age, they exhibited a diversity of heat stroke presentations and sequelae. Treatment prioritizes cooling, but rapid deterioration requires intensive treatment of multiorgan failure.
Response of body weight and clearance and secretion rates of growth hormone to photoperiod in Holstein heifers.

Effects of photoperiod on growth, eating patterns and clearance rate, secretion rate and half-life of growth hormone in serum were assessed in Holstein heifers. Sixty-four prepubertal heifers (avg body wt 102 kg) were blocked by weight into four groups of 16. Within block, each animal was randomly assigned to one of four photoperiod treatments: 16 h of cool-white fluorescent light:8 h dark (CW-16L:8D), CW-8L:16D, CW-6L:8D:2L:8D or 16 h of VitaLite fluorescent light:8D (V-16L:8D). Animals were fed ad libitum a complete mixed diet formulated for heifers to gain approximately .9 kg/d. Average daily body weight gains were .93, .96, .98 and 1.0 kg/d during 112 d of exposure to CW-8L:16D, CW-6L:8D:2L:8D, CW-16L:8D and V-16L:8D, respectively. Heifers exposed to V16L:8D and CW-16L:8D gained more weight (112 and 110 kg; P less than .05 and P less than .08, respectively) than heifers exposed to CW-8L:16D (104 kg). Body weight gain was not different (P greater than .10) between heifers exposed to CW-6L:8D:2L:8D (108 kg) or CW-8L:16D, or between heifers exposed to CW-16L:8D or V-16L:8D. Total number of eating events in 30 h and percentage of total events in the lighted period were 549 and 96% and 523 and 50% in heifers exposed to CW-16L:8D and CW-8L:16D, respectively. Clearance rates (620 vs 636 ml/min), secretion rates (3.0 vs 3.8 micrograms/min) and half lives (17.2 vs 17.9 min) of growth hormone in serum were similar in heifers exposed to CW-16L:8D and CW-8L:16D.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recent progress in mechanically Q-switched 2.94 um Er:YAG – promising pump source for 4-um room temperature Fe:ZnSe lasers

We report laser operation of spinning mirror mechanically Q-switched (MQS), flashlamp pumped 2.94 μm Er:YAG laser depending on the angular speed of the mirror, repetition rate, size and temperature of the gain element, pulse duration and jitter of Q-switch pulses, as well as pump pulse energy. The highest output energy of 260 mJ with a pulse duration of 150 ns was realized with the use of 7×120 mm Er(50%):YAG at 5 Hz repetition rate and 4200 rad/s angular speed of the spinning mirror. The efficiency of Q-switched operation was ~50% with respect to free-running regime. Using optical triggering, the pulse jitter was measured to be smaller than 10 ns for 160 ns Q-switched pulses. Optical triggering could be used for synchronization with mode-locked laser in chirp-pulse and regenerative amplifiers. We also report on development of room temperature gain-switched Fe:ZnSe laser pumped by a radiation of MQS Er:YAG laser. The maximum output energy of 9 mJ from Fe:ZnSe laser was demonstrated using MQS Er:YAG laser as pump source.
Consensus Monte Carlo for Random Subsets using Shared Anchors

We present a consensus Monte Carlo algorithm that scales existing Bayesian nonparametric models for clustering and feature allocation to big data. The algorithm is valid for any prior on random subsets such as partitions and latent feature allocation, under essentially any sampling model. Motivated by three case studies, we focus on clustering induced by a Dirichlet process mixture sampling model, inference under an Indian buffet process prior with a binomial sampling model, and with a categorical sampling model. We assess the proposed algorithm with simulation studies and show results for inference with three datasets: an MNIST image dataset, a dataset of pancreatic cancer mutations, and a large set of electronic health records (EHR). Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
A connectome-based prediction model of long-term memory

Abstract Although many studies have investigated the neural basis of intra-individual fluctuations in long-term memory (LTM), few have explored the differences across individuals. Here, we characterize a whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) network based on fMRI data in an n-back task that robustly predicts individual differences in LTM. Critically, although FC during the n-back task also predicted working memory (WM) performance and the two networks had some shared components, they are also largely distinct from each other: the LTM model performance remained robust when we controlled for WM and vice versa. Furthermore, regions important for LTM such as the medial temporal lobe did contribute, but only partially, to predicting LTM. These results demonstrate that individual differences in LTM are dependent on the configuration of a whole-brain functional network including but not limited to regions traditionally associated with LTM during encoding and that such a network is separable from what supports WM.
Mailed self-sample HPV testing kits to improve cervical cancer screening in a safety net health system: protocol for a hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial

Almost 20% of U.S. women remain at risk for cervical cancer due to their inability or unwillingness to participate in periodic clinic-based screening. Self-sampling has been shown to be an effective strategy for screening women for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in specific contexts. However, its effectiveness among medically underserved women in safety net health systems has not been evaluated. Furthermore, it is also unclear whether implementation strategies such as patient navigation can be used to improve the success of self-sample screening programs by addressing patient-level barriers to participation. The Prospective Evaluation of Self-Testing to Increase Screening (PRESTIS) trial is a hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation pragmatic randomized controlled trial of mailed self-sample HPV testing. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of mailed self-sample HPV testing kits to improve cervical cancer screening participation among patients in a safety net health system who are overdue for clinic-based screening, while simultaneously assessing patient navigation as an implementation strategy. Its setting is a large, urban safety net health system that serves a predominantly racial/ethnic minority patient population. The trial targets recruitment of 2268 participants randomized to telephone recall (enhanced usual care, n = 756), telephone recall with mailed self-sample HPV testing kit (intervention, n = 756), or telephone recall with mailed self-sample HPV testing kit and patient navigation (intervention + implementation strategy, n = 756). The primary effectiveness outcome is completion of primary screening, defined as completion and return of mailed self-sample kit or completion of a clinic-based Pap test. Secondary effectiveness outcomes are predictors of screening and attendance for clinical follow-up among women with a positive screening test. Implementation outcomes are reach, acceptability, fidelity, adaptations, and cost-effectiveness. Hybrid designs are needed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of self-sample HPV testing in specific populations and settings, while incorporating and evaluating methods to optimize its real-world implementation. The current manuscript describes the rationale and design of a hybrid type 2 trial of self-sample HPV testing in a safety net health system. Trial findings are expected to provide meaningful data to inform screening strategies to ultimately realize the global goal of eliminating cervical cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03898167 . Registered on 01 April 2019. Study start data: February 13, 2020. Recruitment status: Enrolling by invitation. Estimated primary completion date: February 15, 2023. Estimated study completion date: May 31, 2024. Protocol version 1.6 (February 25, 2020).
Cognitive Aids in the Management of Critical Events

Critical events are rare and stressful. These properties make reliance on memory for clinical management highly susceptible to failure. In the past 10 to 20 years, health care has begun to accept the experience of aviation and other high-reliability organizations in addressing failure to rescue from these events through a combination of practice through simulation and the introduction of cognitive aids, known as checklists or emergency manuals. Cognitive aids have a persuasive body of evidence from simulation studies to establish their value in improving clinician performance. However, their introduction to practice is more complex than distribution of the tools.
Stress and genetics influence hair cortisol in FMR1 premutation carrier mothers of children with fragile X syndrome.

Abstract To investigate genetic and environmental influences on cortisol levels, mothers of children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) were studied four times over a 7.5-year period. All participants (n = 84) were carriers of the FMR1 “premutation”, a genetic condition associated with impaired HPA axis functioning. Genetic variation was indicated by expansions in the number of CGG (cytosine-guanine-guanine) repeats in the FMR1 gene (67–138 repeats in the present sample). The environmental factor was cumulative exposure to adverse life events during the study period. Cortisol was measured at the beginning of the study via saliva samples and at the end of the study via hair samples; hormone values from these two specimen types were significantly correlated. The interactions between CGG repeat number and adverse life events significantly predicted hair cortisol concentration, including after accounting for the initial salivary cortisol level. For those with fewer CGG repeats, stress exposure was associated with elevated cortisol, the expected response to stress, although women with a higher number of CGGs had a reduced cortisol response to adverse events, which might be related to HPA dysfunction. These results indicate that both exogenous and endogenous factors affect HPA functioning in this population of women.
From hardware store to hospital: a COVID-19-inspired, cost-effective, open-source, in vivo-validated ventilator for use in resource-scarce regions.

Resource-scarce regions with serious COVID-19 outbreaks do not have enough ventilators to support critically ill patients, and these shortages are especially devastating in developing countries. To help alleviate this strain, we have designed and tested the accessible low-barrier in vivo-validated economical ventilator (ALIVE Vent), a COVID-19-inspired, cost-effective, open-source, in vivo-validated solution made from commercially available components. The ALIVE Vent operates using compressed oxygen and air to drive inspiration, while two solenoid valves ensure one-way flow and precise cycle timing. The device was functionally tested and profiled using a variable resistance and compliance artificial lung and validated in anesthetized large animals. Our functional test results revealed its effective operation under a wide variety of ventilation conditions defined by the American Association of Respiratory Care guidelines for ventilator stockpiling. The large animal test showed that our ventilator performed similarly if not better than a standard ventilator in maintaining optimal ventilation status. The FiO2, respiratory rate, inspiratory to expiratory time ratio, positive-end expiratory pressure, and peak inspiratory pressure were successfully maintained within normal, clinically validated ranges, and the animals were recovered without any complications. In regions with limited access to ventilators, the ALIVE Vent can help alleviate shortages, and we have ensured that all used materials are publicly available. While this pandemic has elucidated enormous global inequalities in healthcare, innovative, cost-effective solutions aimed at reducing socio-economic barriers, such as the ALIVE Vent, can help enable access to prompt healthcare and life saving technology on a global scale and beyond COVID-19.
The Moral Limits of Scientific Research: An Evolutionary Approach

The title of my paper is likely to cause some consternation among those who wish to preserve the purity of scientific research, and at the same time my title is likely to elicit a pleasurable sense of anticipation among politically activist sociologists. Both of these initial impressions are not only premature but contrary to my intentions. The general purpose of my paper is to argue for a rational science policy designed to preserve the purity of research, and my more specific purpose is to specify a criterion for judging what kind of research should be favored or encouraged and what kinds should be discouraged or prohibited. The criterion, as you shall see, is more likely to limit the existential activist research of social scientists than any other kind of research.
1,1′‐Di­bromo­ferrocene

The structure of 1,1′-di­bromo­ferrocene, [Fe(C5H4Br)2], has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K. The two Br substituents are eclipsed in the solid state, with a Br⋯Br distance of 3.6172 (6) A.
Selective, Activity-Dependent Uptake of Histamine into an Arthropod Photoreceptor

The synapses made by many arthropod photoreceptors are disinhibitory and use histamine as their transmitter. Because decreases and not increases in the cleft concentration of transmitter constitute the important event at these synapses, a transporter to clear the cleft of histamine would seem particularly crucial to signal transfer. We report here that 3H-histamine is taken up selectively into barnacle photoreceptors by a Na+-dependent mechanism, presumably a transporter. Using light microscopic autoradiography, we observe heavy label over axons and presynaptic terminals of these neurons when they are stimulated during uptake. The radioactivity taken up was identified as 3H-histamine by thin layer chromatography; no metabolites were detected, even after 5 hr. Radiolabeled 5-hydroxytryptamine and GABA are not taken up by the photoreceptor.3H-histamine uptake into photoreceptors is decreased markedly by an excess of unlabeled histamine and by chlorpromazine and phenoxybenzamine. Unexpectedly for uptake dependent on the Na+ gradient, photoreceptor terminals label more intensely in the light (when depolarized) than in the dark (when hyperpolarized). Glia label more strongly than photoreceptors in dark-incubated preparations. The presence of presynaptic uptake strengthens the evidence that histamine is the neurotransmitter of arthropod photoreceptors and provides a mechanism by which this synapse could recycle transmitter, control its steady-state cleft concentration, and clear it from the cleft in response to decreases in its release from the photoreceptors.
Metallo-Carbohedrenes: Formation of Multicage Structures

An unusual structural growth pattern has been found in the system of Zr m C n , in which multicage structures are formed. The experimental evidence shows that the first cage closes at Zr8C12. Surprisingly, subsequent cluster growth does not lead to the enlargement of the cage size as it usually does in the case of pure carbon clusters and water clusters, for example. Rather, multicage structures are developed, that is, a double cage at Zr13C22 and Zr14C21/23, a triple cage at Zr18C29, and a quadruple cage at Zr22C35. This feature distinguishes the class of metallo-carbohedrenes from the regular doped fullerenes.
Storytelling for Empowerment: Decreasing At-Risk Youth's Alcohol and Marijuana Use

The Storytelling for Empowerment Program decreased marijuana and alcohol use in high risk middle school youth, aged 11–15, across two years of implementation (Cohort 98 and Cohort 99). The program was a unique combination of cultural empowerment, cognitive skills, storytelling and the arts for emotional expression. A quasi-experimental research design compared participants' pre and posttest responses on drug use and also compared participants' responses to those from students who attended comparison schools who did not receive the program. High contact participants were defined as being those above the median of contact hours for that year. For Cohort 98 this was 28 hours and for Cohort 99 this was 19.75 hours. High contact participants had the most marked changes with a decrease in their alcohol and marijuana use. In addition, all participants in the last year of the program regardless of contact hours decreased their alcohol use and increased in their resistancy to drug use.
Design principles and developmental mechanisms underlying retinal mosaics.

Most structures within the central nervous system (CNS) are composed of different types of neuron that vary in both number and morphology, but relatively little is known about the interplay between these two features, i.e. about the population dynamics of a given cell type. How such arrays of neurons are distributed within a structure, and how they differentiate their dendrites relative to each other, are issues that have recently drawn attention in the invertebrate nervous system, where the genetic and molecular underpinnings of these organizing principles are being revealed in exquisite detail. The retina is one of the few locations where these principles have been extensively studied in the vertebrate CNS, indeed, where the design principles of “mosaic regularity” and “uniformity of coverage” were first explicitly defined, quantified, and related to each other. Recent studies have revealed a number of genes that influence the formation of these histotypical features in the retina, including homologues of those invertebrate genes, although close inspection reveals that they do not always mediate comparable developmental processes nor elucidate fundamental design principles. The present review considers just how pervasive these features of “mosaic regularity” and “uniform dendritic coverage” are within the mammalian retina, discussing the means by which such features can be assessed in the mature and developing nervous system and examining the limitations associated with those assessments. We then address the extent to which these two design principles co-exist within different populations of neurons, and how they are achieved during development. Finally, we consider the neural phenotypes obtained in mutant nervous systems, to address whether a prospective gene of interest underlies those very design principles.
CASSANDRA+: A SYSTEM FOR DOING QUERY-DRIVEN SIMULATIONS

A Query-Driven Simulation system Cassandra+ is described that allows end-users to askqueries about outcomes of running simulation models written in various simulation languages.The architecture of Cassandra+, its query language SimQL, and the implementation of thesystem are described. It is argued that Query-Driven Simulations provide a more declarative,flexible, and interactive approach to asking questions about simulation outcomes than the traditionalapproaches of letting the end-users run simulations and gather statistics on the tracefiles being produced.
CoXML: Cooperative XML Query Answering?

The heterogeneity nature of XML data creates the need for approximate query answering. Approximate answers may be derived by relaxing query conditions to less restricted forms, i.e., query relaxation. In this article, we first present an approach to XML query relaxation based on schema conversion, which leverages on the value relaxation techniques in the relational model. This approach, however, does not support structure relaxation. Also, information may be lost during schema conversion. To remedy these shortcomings, we then present a cooperative XML (CoXML) system provides user-specific approximate query answers directly in the XML model. The key features of the system include: a query language that allows users to specify approximate query conditions and relaxation control requirements; a relaxation index structure, XTAH, that enables the system to provide user-desired relaxations as specified in the queries; and a ranking model that incorporates both content and structure similarities in evaluating the relevancy of approximate answers. We also present a scalable and extensible architecture for the CoXML system based on mediators. Finally, we evaluate the system using the INEX test collections. The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in providing user-specific relaxation. Keywords: XML query relaxation; cooperative query answering; schema conversion; relaxation language; relaxation construct; relaxation control; relaxation index structure; XTAH; XML ranking model; specialization; XML evaluation
An Alternative to Von Glasersfeld's Subjectivism in Science Education: Deweyan Social Constructivism

An influential view of constructivism in science and mathematics educational research and practice is that of Ernst von Glasersfeld. It is a peculiarly subjectivist form of constructivism that should not be attractive to science and mathematics educators concerned with retaining some sort of realism that leaves room for objectivity. The subjectivist constructivism of von Glasersfeld also becomes entangled in untenable mind/body and subject/object dualisms. Finally, these dualisms are unnecessary for social constructivism. I will provide one example of a social constructivist alternative to social constructivism, that of the pragmatic philosopher John Dewey. In presenting Dewey's position I will appeal to Ockham's razor, that is, the admonition not to multiply entities beyond necessity, to shave off the needless mentalistic and psychic entities that lead von Glasersfeld into his subjectivism and dualism.
Integrative Medicine Program- MD Anderson Cancer Center

The Integrative Medicine Program at MD Anderson Cancer Center was first established in 1998. Our mission is to empower patients with cancer and their families to become active partners in their own physical, psycho-spiritual, and social health through personalized education and evidenced-based clinical care to optimize health, quality of life, and clinical outcomes across the cancer continuum. The program consists of three main components: clinical care, research, and education. The Integrative Medicine Center provides clinical services to patients through individual and group programs. The clinical philosophy of the center is to work collaboratively with the oncology teams to build comprehensive and integrative care plans that are personalized, evidence-based, and safe with the goal of improving clinical outcomes. The individual services comprise of integrative oncology consultation, acupuncture, meditation, music therapy, nutrition, and oncology massage. The center also provides a variety of group programs including meditation, yoga, tai chi, cooking classes and others. Over the past 13 years, over 70,000 patients and families have participated in services and programs offered by the center. The research portfolio focuses on three main areas: mind-body interventions, acupuncture, and meditation. This lecture will focus on providing an overview of the Integrative Medicine Program at MD Anderson with a focus on the clinical services provided. Participants will learn about the integrative clinical model and how this is applied to the care of cancer patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Current and future research topics will be discussed as well as patient cases.
Taste Responses in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Saccharin-preferring and Saccharin-averse Rats

A minority of rats consistently reject the taste of sodium saccharin at concentrations that the majority find palatable. We chose rats that selected either water (WP), or 0.03 M NaSaccharin (SP) in two-bottle preference tests and monitored single unit responses to a range of taste qualities in the nucleus of the solitary tract. WP rats gave significantly greater responses to Na/Li salts and QHCl. Their responses to sugars were equal to those from SP rats. Total activity to NaSaccharin did not differ between the two groups, but its distribution across the three identified neuron types did. The response was skewed from one in which sugar (S) and sodium salt (N) participated nearly equally (SP) to one dominated by the activity of N cells and nearly devoid of an S cell contribution (WP rats). Accordingly, the response profile for NaSaccharin was correlated nearly as well with those of the sugars (+ 0.60) as with the Na/Li salts (+ 0.73) in SP rats, but was reshaped in WP rats to be nearly identical with those of the salts (+ 0.85) and unlike sugars (+ 0.30). In their heightened sensitivity to stimuli that humans call salty and bitter, and in their rejection of the complex taste of NaSaccharin, WP rats showed many of the characteristics of human tasters of PTC/PROP.
The propagation problem and far-field patterns in a stratified finite-depth ocean

On etudie le probleme direct associe a la diffusion des « ondes planes » a partir d'un objet submerge dans un ocean de profondeur finie. On trouve une representation integrale au probleme de Dirichlet, a partir de laquelle on elabore une formule pour la forme du champ lointain. On etablie un theoreme de densite concernant l'ensemble de toutes les formes de champs lointains. Ce theoreme est essentiel pour la reconstruction de l'objet submerge, le probleme inverse