cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automatic Cell Planning of LTE FDD 1800 MHz Network in Klaten, Central Java

Klaten City which is famous for its tourist attractions invites foreign and local tourists to visit the place. However, 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) telecommunications services in the tourist city have not been maximally felt by the public and tourists who visit because based on data from Provider X, the number of sites installed is only concentrated in densely populated areas, while many tourist objects have not been installed. This study aims to improve the efficiency and coverage of LTE networks in the city of Klaten, Central Java using the ACP optimization function with the 1800 MHz Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) modulation technique. This network simulation uses Atoll software to perform several measurements including link budget calculation, final signal quality comparison on existing and new site data. The result of comparing existing sites when a site has been added is that the signal quality improves and the covered area becomes wider than the previous area. The results of the simulation data with the percentage of 642.8 km2 Klaten area covered by the Existing site, RSRP with 85.6% covered area and RSRQ with 55.3% covered area. New Site RSRP with 100% covered area and RSRQ with 100% covered area. Automatic Cell Planning RSRP with 93.9% covered area and RSRQ with 96.2% covered area.
β-delayed Fission in r-process Nucleosynthesis

We present β-delayed neutron emission and β-delayed fission (βdf) calculations for heavy, neutron-rich nuclei using the coupled Quasi-Particle Random Phase Approximation plus Hauser-Feshbach (QRPA+HF) approach. From the initial population of a compound nucleus after β-decay, we follow the statistical decay, taking into account competition between neutrons, γ-rays, and fission. We find a region of the chart of nuclides where the probability of βdf is ~100%, which likely prevents the production of superheavy elements in nature. For a subset of nuclei near the neutron dripline, neutron multiplicity and the probability of fission are both large, leading to the intriguing possibility of multi-chance βdf, a decay mode for extremely neutron-rich heavy nuclei. In this decay mode, β-decay can be followed by multiple neutron emission, leading to subsequent daughter generations that each have a probability to fission. We explore the impact of βdf in rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) nucleosynthesis in the tidal ejecta of a neutron star–neutron star merger and show that it is a key fission channel that shapes the final abundances near the second r-process peak.
PR interval prolongation is significantly associated with aortic root abscess: An age- and gender-matched study.

BACKGROUND Electrocardiographic abnormalities, such as PR interval prolongation, have been anecdotally reported in patients with aortic root abscess (ARA). An electrocardiographic marker may be useful in identifying those patients with aortic valve endocarditis who may progress to ARA. The objective of this study is to evaluate the change in the PR interval in patients with surgically confirmed ARA and compare it to age- and gender-matched controls with echocardiographically or surgically confirmed aortic valve endocarditis but without aortic root abscess and those hospitalized with diagnoses other than endocarditis. METHODS Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were 18 years or older and were hospitalized for either ARA, aortic valve endocarditis, or for unrelated reasons and had at least one 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) prior to or on the day of hospitalization and at least one ECG after hospitalization but prior to any cardiac surgical procedure. Delta PR interval, defined as the difference between the pre- and post-admission PR interval, was the primary outcome of interest. The patients in the ARA group were age- and gender-matched to patients with aortic valve endocarditis and to those without endocarditis. Comparisons of demographic variables and study outcomes were performed. RESULTS Eighteen patients with surgically confirmed ARA were enrolled. These patients were age- and gender-matched to 19 patients with aortic valve endocarditis and 18 patients with no past history or evidence of endocarditis during hospitalization. No difference was noted in the baseline PR interval between the groups. However, the PR interval following admission in the aortic root abscess group (201 ± 66 ms) was significantly longer than the PR interval in both the aortic valve endocarditis (162 ± 27 ms) (24%, p = .009) and no endocarditis (143 ± 24 ms) (40%, p < .001) groups. The primary outcome measure, delta PR interval, was significantly longer in the ARA group (35 ± 51 ms) than no endocarditis (-5 ± 17 ms) (p = .001) and aortic valve endocarditis groups (0.2 ± 18) (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study support the notion that the PR interval is more likely to be prolonged in patients with ARA. Since ARA is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, PR interval prolongation in a patient with aortic valve endocarditis should prompt a thorough evaluation for aortic root involvement.
Encapsulated hematoma following hallux amputation. Case report & review of the literature

Abstract Soft tissue masses of the lower extremity are a commonly encountered pathology for foot and ankle surgeons. Ganglion cysts are the most common of the benign soft tissue lesions found in the lower extremity. Sarcomas on the other hand are a more concerning relatively rare neoplasm in the foot and ankle. Chronic expanding hematomas are a less discussed soft tissue lesion that may mimic the presentation of soft tissue sarcomas. In 1980, Reid and colleagues were the first to use the term “chronic expanding hematoma” to describe these persistent blood filled lesions that increase in size slowly over the course of months. These soft tissue masses commonly present after a surgical or traumatic event and often lay dormant for many months, slowly increasing in size. A search of the foot and ankle literature revealed sparse information regarding this type of soft tissue mass. We present an interesting case of an encapsulated chronic enlarging hematoma following a hallux amputation in a 58 year-old female and a review of the literature.
Agreement and Its Failures

A novel proposal regarding predicate-argument agreement that combines detailed empirical investigation with rigorous theoretical discussion. In this book, Omer Preminger investigates how the obligatory nature of predicate-argument agreement is enforced by the grammar. Preminger argues that an empirically adequate theory of predicate-argument agreement requires recourse to an operation, whose obligatoriness is a grammatical primitive not reducible to representational properties, but whose successful culmination is not enforced by the grammar. Preminger's argument counters contemporary approaches that find the obligatoriness of predicate-argument agreement enforced through representational means. The most prominent of these is Chomsky's "interpretability"-based proposal, in which the obligatoriness of predicate-argument agreement is enforced through derivational time bombs. Preminger presents an empirical argument against contemporary approaches that seek to derive the obligatory nature of predicate-argument agreement exclusively from derivational time bombs. He offers instead an alternative account based on the notion of obligatory operations better suited to the facts. The crucial data involves utterances that inescapably involve attempted-but-failed agreement and are nonetheless fully grammatical. Preminger combines a detailed empirical investigation of agreement phenomena in the Kichean (Mayan) languages, Zulu (Bantu), Basque, Icelandic, and French with an extensive and rigorous theoretical exploration of the far-reaching consequences of these data. The result is a novel proposal that has profound implications for the formalism that the theory of grammar uses to derive obligatory processes and properties.
Computational Affective Sociology

An alternative tradition concerning emotion in human-centered computing is based on sociological conceptions of personality and the emotional meanings of decisions. This essay summarizes work in this area, beginning with the classic Big 5 personality dimensions and the semantic differential, then illustrates recent work with two projects that developed software research tools. The first builds on the semantic differential to measure an individual's self-esteem across several dimensions, and the second assesses the subject's reactions to 2,000 common events in terms of 20 emotions.
The domination contract

Carole Pateman’s The Sexual Contract (1988) has become a classic text of second-wave feminism, and is widely and deservedly seen as constituting one of the most important challenges of the last twenty-five years to the frameworks and assumptions of “malestream” political theory. Moreover, its influence is not restricted to gender issues, since it was the inspiration for my own book, The Racial Contract (1997), which has also become quite successful in the parallel, if not as well-established, field of critical race theory. The impact of both books, of course, originates in part from their refusal respectively of “pink” and “black” theoretical ghettoization for a frontal conceptual engagement with a (male, white) intellectual apparatus, social contract theory, that has historically been central to the modern Western political tradition, and which has been spectacularly revived in the past four decades as a result of John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice (1971). Pateman and I are saying that the history of gender and racial subordination requires a rethinking of how we do political theory, that it cannot be a matter of some minor, largely cosmetic changes – a few “she’s” sprinkled in where there were previously only “he’s,” a pro forma (if that much) deploring of the racism of Enlightenment theorists – before continuing basically as before. As such, the goal is a revisioning of the tradition that we both want the white male majority of practitioners in the field to accept and to incorporate into their own work. What, though, is the specific nature of this challenge for contract theory in general, and Rawlsian normative theory in particular? After all, Pateman is generally represented as being quite hostile to the project of trying to retrieve the contract for positive ends. So in this and the next chapter, I want to make a case for generalizing this revisionist version of the contract and turning it to the theorization of gender and racial justice. My claim will be that the concept of a “domination contract” can be fruitfully employed to overturn the misleading framework of assumptions of mainstream social contract theory, thereby better positioning us to tackle the pressing issues of “non-ideal theory” that, far from being marginal, in fact determine the fate of the majority of the population.
Barbiturates Induce Mitochondrial Depolarization and Potentiate Excitotoxic Neuronal Death

Barbiturates are widely used as anesthetics, anticonvulsants, and neuroprotective agents. However, barbiturates may also inhibit mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial inhibitors are known to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. Here we used rat cortical cultures to examine the effect of barbiturates on neuronal mitochondria and responses to NMDA receptor stimulation. The barbiturates tested, secobarbital, amobarbital, and thiamylal, each potentiated NMDA-induced neuron death at barbiturate concentrations relevant to clinical and experimental use (100-300 microm). By using rhodamine-123 under quenching conditions, barbiturates in this concentration range were shown to depolarize neuronal mitochondria and greatly amplify NMDA-induced mitochondrial depolarization. Barbiturate-induced mitochondrial depolarization was increased by the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin, indicating that barbiturates act by inhibiting electron transport sufficiently to cause ATP synthase reversal. Barbiturates similarly amplified the effects of NMDA on cytoplasmic free calcium concentrations. The cell-impermeant barbiturate N-glucoside amobarbital did not influence mitochondrial potential or potentiate NMDA neurotoxicity or calcium responses. However, all of the barbiturates attenuated NMDA-induced calcium elevations and cell death when present at millimolar concentrations. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies showed that these effects may be attributable to actions at the cell membrane, resulting in a block of NMDA-induced current flux at millimolar barbiturate concentrations. Together, these findings reconcile previous reports of opposing effects on barbiturates on NMDA neurotoxicity and show that barbiturate effects on neuronal mitochondria can be functionally significant. Effects of barbiturates on neuronal mitochondria should be considered in experimental and clinical application of these drugs.
In memoriam: James A. Miller (1915-2000).

Obituary Dr. James Alexander Miller, Professor Emeritus of Oncology at the University of Wisconsin (Madison) McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research died December 24, 2000 from complications associated with diabetes. He was 85 years old. On January 14, 2001, a memorial service was held at the
A numerical simulation of scattering from an inhomogeneous random surface

An efficient numerical solution for the scattering problem of a single dielectric hump over an impedance surface has recently been presented using the exact image theory. This solution is used to compute the scattered field of a finite number of dielectric humps which constitute the rough top layer of the bare soil surface, summing the scatter from all constituent humps coherently. The statistical behavior of the scattering coefficient can be obtained by performing many different realizations of the surface. In the present work, the authors consider one functional form for the dielectric humps and compute the surface statistical parameters, such as RMS (root mean square) height and correlation length, directly from the surface realizations. >
Layer-Specific Input to Distinct Cell Types in Layer 6 of Monkey Primary Visual Cortex

Layer 6 of monkey V1 contains a physiologically and anatomically diverse population of excitatory pyramidal neurons. Distinctive arborization patterns of axons and dendrites within the functionally specialized cortical layers define eight types of layer 6 pyramidal neurons and suggest unique information processing roles for each cell type. To address how input sources contribute to cellular function, we examined the laminar sources of functional excitatory input onto individual layer 6 pyramidal neurons using scanning laser photostimulation. We find that excitatory input sources correlate with cell type. Class I neurons with axonal arbors selectively targeting magnocellular (M) recipient layer 4Cα receive input from M-dominated layer 4B, whereas class I neurons whose axonal arbors target parvocellular (P) recipient layer 4Cβ receive input from P-dominated layer 2/3. Surprisingly, these neuronal types do not differ significantly in the inputs they receive directly from layers 4Cα or 4Cβ. Class II cells, which lack dense axonal arbors within layer 4C, receive excitatory input from layers targeted by their local axons. Specifically, type IIA cells project axons to and receive input from the deep but not superficial layers. Type IIB neurons project to and receive input from the deepest and most superficial, but not middle layers. Type IIC neurons arborize throughout the cortical layers and tend to receive inputs from all cortical layers. These observations have implications for the functional roles of different layer 6 cell types in visual information processing.
Growth and Recessions in Japan: Two Expository-but-Theoretical Approaches

My one-semester "Japan" class is formally titled "The Japanese Economy and Its History." It is aimed at upper-division undergraduates. Prerequisites are either a year of economic principles or a year of East Asian history (and preferably both). Since my "heavy foot" is in the economics department, the bulk of my students are economics majors.
Lethal Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Hepatitis in a Normal Adult

A fatal case of human herpes simplex type 1 hepatitis is presented and compared with cases previously reported. The patient presented with fulminant hepatic necrosis, coagulopathy, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and absence of typical herpetic mucocutaneous lesions. Liver biopsy helped to establish a presumptive diagnosis in this patient and in one previously reported case. Theoretically, early diagnosis might enable application of specific antiviral therapy in future cases of this usually fatal infection.
Quaternary threshold logic full-adder circuit with complementary inputs†

The characteristics of an integrated complementary-input quaternary threshold logic full-adder are presented and discussed. This adder is similar to designs previously reported, except that complementary inputs are required, and complementary outputs are produced. Increased speed, and improved immunity to the undesirable consequences of fabrication tolerances and circuit noise are benefits obtained, at the cost of the increased device and signal line counts necessary to accommodate the complement signals
Renal hemodynamic and ureteral pressure changes in response to ureteral obstruction: the role of nitric oxide.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Triphasic changes in renal blood flow and ureteral pressure after unilateral ureteral obstruction have long been known. The contribution of nitric oxide to the decline in renal blood flow and ureteral pressure in unilateral ureteral obstruction was studied in this model using arginine infusion and by studying the effect of 2 inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).Materials and Methods: Left ureteral obstruction was created in dogs. Renal blood flow and ureteral pressure were monitored. Groups 1 to 4 underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction and group 5 dogs underwent sham operation. Groups 2 to 5 received an infusion of arginine at hour 18 of obstruction that was sustained for 1 hour. In addition, NOS inhibitors were administered to dogs in groups 3 (N-monomethyl-L-arginine) and 4 (triamcinolone diacetate).Results: Arginine administration at 18 hours of obstruction caused a significant increase in renal blood flow and ureteral pressure compared to sham operated animals. Triamcinolone d...
CONE DEVELOPMENT IN LIBOCEDRUS (CUPRESSACEAE)—PHENOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Cones in Libocedrus plumosa are initiated in New Zealand in February (late summer) and continue to develop through winter. The ultimate pair of bracts protrude and continue extension growth white the apex remains flat. Ovules are initiated in two pairs in July on the cone apex (i.e., are axial in origin), alternate with the upper two pairs of bracts. Ovule differentiation proceeds rapidly to the stage of pollination; the cone apex may develop further as a short columella. Soon after ovule initiation an adaxial ligulelike outgrowth of each member of the upper two pairs of bracts is initiated, that of the ultimate pair being broader than that of the lower pair. By intercalary growth of each ligule base an enlarged structure is developed, displacing the bract into a lateral position and forming the four scales that enclose the developing seeds in a valvate manner. Cone and seed maturation follows with seed dispersal in March, approximately 1 year after cone initiation. The results show that there is no morphologically discrete ovuliferous scale, and there is no ontogenetic fusion of discrete separate structures. The vascular system of the scale complex develops after the ovules are initiated and forms a single series of vascular bundles with inversely oriented xylem and phloem; this and other histological changes are the result of the activity of the intercalary growth process and do not relate to primary structures. The results are discussed in relation to existing knowledge of cone development in Cupressaceae, in which axially borne ovules are common. Libocedrus is a member of a group of four southern hemisphere genera of Cupressaceae whose morphology is little understood. We present information about cone structure in Libocedrus plumosa that clarifies our knowledge of the group and allows a future comparison with the northern genus Calocedrus, with which Libocedrus has been confused. This comparison is important to our understanding of the relationships between northern and southern members of the Cupressaceae, and the evolutionary history of the family. The study also reveals an unusual phenology since cones continue slow growth
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Psychotropic Medications in CHARGE Syndrome: A Pediatric Survey

Many children diagnosed with CHARGE syndrome demonstrate behavioral difficulties in addition to visual, hearing and other systemic impairments. Previous research has reported that children with CHARGE have increased rates of self-injury and aggression, as well as increased frequency of obsessive compulsive and autism spectrum disorders. This study asked parents to report not only the diagnoses given for their child’s behavior problems, but also whether psychotropic medication interventions were prescribed, and which agents were chosen. Results of this study showed that according to parental report, anxiety disorders and pervasive developmental disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses assigned with antidepressant and antipsychotic medications the most frequently prescribed psychopharmacological agents.
Objective reduction of rain gauge network via geostatistical analysis of uncertainty in radar-gauge precipitation estimation

AbstractA procedure for the objective reduction of a rain gauge network is developed and applied for the Susquehanna River Basin (SRB) in the United States. The procedure utilizes evaluation of the theoretical error variance associated with precipitation analysis using a variant of the National Weather Service’s (NWS) Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE). The uncertainty analysis is carried out for 16 different combinations of the precipitation accumulation period, season, magnitude, and areal extent, and use or nonuse of the Flash Flood Potential Index (FFPI), which is used as a proxy for the spatially varying runoff ratio. To estimate the statistical parameters of the procedure, the historical archive of the MPE products operationally produced by the Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center (MARFC) was used. The marginal value of each rain gauge in the Susquehanna Flood Forecasting and Warning System (SFFWS) network to the parent network is assessed by calculating the increase in the theoretical error...
Modeling Variation Propagation in Machining Systems With Different Configurations

Machining systems designed in different configurations have different quality performance in terms of product geometric variation. However, there exists no systematic method to predict the end-of-line product variation due to the complexity of machining processes. This paper presents a modeling methodology to analyze the variation propagation for machining systems and the impact of system configuration on quality variation. Two important sources of variations, i.e., kinematic and static variations, are included in the modeling. Kinematic deviation due to part locating and relocating is modeled using the Homogeneous Transformation Matrix. Deformation due to clamping and machining forces are modeled using the Finite Element Method, either the compliance matrix approach or the reduced stiffness matrix approach. The Monte Carlo simulation method is integrated to generate a number of workpieces with geometric dimensions and variation. Experiments are conducted to verify the model. The application is illustrated using three differently configured machining systems.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Pharmacological activation of nociceptin receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius inhibits baroreceptor reflex in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats.

Abstract Nociceptin receptors are densely distributed in the nucleus tractus solitarius pre- and postsynaptically. This study tested whether nociceptin receptors in this brain area are involved in the modulation of baroreceptor reflex. In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats, pharmacological activation of nociceptin receptors with bilateral microinjection of a synthetic peptide agonist, nociceptin, into the nucleus tractus solitarius attenuated baroreflex sensitivity as demonstrated by a marked reduction in baroreflex bradycardia induced by a single dose of intravenous phenylephrine. The inhibitory effect of nociceptin was dose dependent (0.04, 0.2 and 1 nmol) and was blocked by pretreatment with microinjection of 1 nmol nocistatin, a peptide that can functionally reverse the action of nociceptin. In contrast, injection of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (5 nmol), did not modify the inhibition of baroreflex sensitivity induced by nociceptin. Neither nocistatin nor naloxone injected into the nucleus alone had any detectable effect on baseline blood pressure and heart rate and baroreflex bradycardia. These data indicate that the newly discovered nociceptin receptors in the central nervous system possess an inhibitory influence on baroreflex transmission at the level of the nucleus tractus solitarius.
Physiologic and antibiotic (penicillin) therapy in chronic hypertrophic pulmonary emphysema.

A report is presented of the results of physiologic therapy and antibiotic (penicillin) treatment in patients with pulmonary emphysema. In this group of cases the associated diagnosis was more commonly bronchial asthma, less frequently pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, sinusitis and chronic bronchitis. The results of treatment may be summarized as follows: Of 86 courses of treatment in 51 patients clinical improvement attributable chiefly to penicillin therapy was marked in 20, moderate in 19, slight in 25; in 22 no improvement took place. The results of physiologically directed therapy in the same group were marked improvement in 9, moderate in 36, slight in 23 and none in 18. Of a total of 86 courses, 66 cases manifested moderate or marked improvement. In analyzing the role played by each therapeutic factor as well as could be determined, 31 of the 66 improved cases appeared to be more influenced by physiologic therapy, 27 by penicillin treatment, with an equal effectiveness in 8 cases. In some of the cases treated in this series previous exposure to physiologic therapy had resulted in a baseline of improvement, which gave the appearance of less striking effect from this type of therapy than might have been anticipated in patients who had not been treated by the procedures used in bronchial relaxation and inhalational therapy. The study of the sputum culture before and after treatment revealed the characteristic disappearance of gram positive organisms in the majority of cases with replacement by gram negative bacteria. In most cases penicillin was administered as an aerosol but favorable results were also obtained with systemic administration. The response to varying modes of treatment of the individual case is presented in tabular form.
Feasibility, acceptability and findings from a pilot randomized controlled intervention study on the impact of a book designed to inform patients about cancer clinical trials.

This study was conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and changes in knowledge among cancer patients assigned to receive a 160-page book on experimental cancer therapies and clinical trials. We enrolled 20 patients with cancer who had never participated in a clinical trial and randomly assigned them to receive the book either during week 1 or week 4 of the study. We collected baseline patient demographic and cancer-related information as well as knowledge about cancer clinical trials at week 0. Follow-up surveys were administered at weeks 3 and 6 for both study groups. Comparisons were made within and between groups randomized to receive the book early (at week 1) to those who received it later (at week 4). One hundred percent of data were captured in both groups at baseline, which decreased to 77.8 % by week 6. The vast majority of participants found the book moderately or very useful (89 % in the Early Group at week 3 and 95.5 % in the Late Group at week 6). Within group pairwise comparisons found significant difference between baseline and week 6 in content-specific knowledge scores among participants in the Late Group [79 % versus 92.1 %, p = 0.01). Global knowledge scores increased significantly for variables reflecting knowledge that promotes decisions to participate in clinical trials. Providing published reading material to patients with cancer is both feasible and acceptable. Offering information to patients about cancer clinical trials, using a book designed for patients with cancer may influence knowledge related to decision to participate in clinical trials.
Light front treatment of nuclei: Formalism and simple applications

A relativistic light front treatment of nuclei is developed by performing light front quantization for a chiral Lagrangian. The energy momentum tensor and the appropriate Hamiltonian are obtained. Three illustrations of the formalism are made. (i) Pion-nucleon scattering at tree level is shown to reproduce soft pion theorems. (ii) The one boson exchange treatment of nucleon-nucleon scattering is developed and shown (by comparison with previous results of the equal time formulation) to lead to a reasonable description of nucleon-nucleon phase shifts. (iii) The mean-field approximation is applied to infinite nuclear matter and the plus momentum distributions of that system are studied. The mesons are found to carry a significant fraction of the plus momentum, but are inaccessible to experiments. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
A fluorescent coumarin derivative of α-bungarotoxin. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization

Abstract The preparation and spectroscopic characteristics of a novel coumarin derivative of α-bungarotoxin are described. The suitability of this fluorescent conjugate as a probe of cell surface topography and dynamics of acetylcholine receptors is discussed. Data are presented that show this coumarin-α-bungarotoxin conjugate to be an ideal donor fluorophore for time-resolved resonance energy transfer studies employing fluorescein as an acceptor.
Conduction-limited crystallite melting

Abstract High-purity pivalic acid (PVA) dendrites were observed growing under convection-free conditions during the isothermal dendritic growth experiment (IDGE) flown on NASA's space shuttle Columbia on STS-87. The IDGE was part of the complement of primary scientific experiments designated as the United States Microgravity Payload Mission (USMP4) launched late in 1997. The IDGE video data show that PVA dendrites may be melted without exhibiting any detectable relative motion with respect to the surrounding quiescent melt phase. Thus, melting occurs by heat conduction alone. When a small fixed superheating is imposed on pre-existing dendritic fragments, they melt steadily toward extinction. Individual fragments steadily decrease in size according to a square-root of time dependence predicted using quasi-static conduction-limited theory. Agreement between analytic melting theory and microgravity experiments was found originally if the melting process occurs under the restriction of shape-preserving conditions, where needle-like crystal fragments may be approximated as ellipsoids with a constant axial ratio. Among the new results reported here is the influence of capillarity effects on melting in needle-like crystallites, observed as a dramatic change in their axial ratio, when the size scale of a crystallite decreases below a critical value. In microgravity melting experiments, the axial ratio of individual crystallites does not remain constant, because of interactions with neighboring fragments within the mushy zone. The kinetic data were then “sectorized” to divide the total melting process into a series of short intervals. Each melting sector for a crystallite could then be approximated by a constant average value of the axial ratio. Sectorization also allows accurate prediction of melting kinetics by applying quasi-static heat conduction theory, despite the suspected presence of capillarity and the occurrence of fragmentation. These additional processes that accompany the melting of slender crystallites currently lie outside conventional melting theory. The data presented show that melting kinetics of small crystallites remains dominated by heat conduction from the surrounding melt, which is modified by the appearance of additional heat fluxes. These additional heat fluxes flow within the crystallites. They arise from capillary effects induced by steep interfacial curvature gradients that accompany the small crystallite size scales prior to their extinction.
Duplicated urethra: an anomaly best repaired.

Abstract Three cases of urethral duplication are described—two complete and one incomplete. The surgical approaches used in 2 of the 3 cases are described, the third not having come to definitive surgery as yet. In the patient with an incomplete urethral duplication the accessory urethra and associated ventral preputial hood were excised. A repair of the complete duplication was devised in which an end-to-side urethrourethrostomy and penile plastic revision were accomplished. The literature is reviewed and a new classification system for urethral duplication is proposed.
Fractals and rough electrodes

Abstract The recent literature on the effect of electrode roughness on electrochemical measurements is reviewed. Some implicit assumptions and approximations in the model of Nyikos and Pajkossy are examined, as well as its extension to include charge transfer processes. Explicit expressions are then presented for the effects of diffusion and of coupled homogeneous chemical reactions on the electrode impedance measured at the equilibrium potential. Finally, it is shown that (and how) the apparent transfer coefficient depends on electrode roughness.
Metabolism of progesterone in human proliferative endometrium.

Proliferative endometrial tissue was incubated in vitro with progesterone-4-14C. Eight products have been isolated and 4 have been identified by reverse isotope dilution, chromatographic techniques, and crystallization to constant specific activity. The products identified were 5α- and 5β-pregnan-3,20-dione, Δ4-pregnen- 20α-ol-3-one and Δ4-pregnen-6β-ol-3,20-dione. Presumptive evidence was obtained for the formation of allopregnan-20α-ol-3-one, pregnan-20β-ol-3-one and Δ4-pregnen-20β-ol-3-one. The structure of an unknown dihydroxy compound is still under investigation. As allopregnanedione is a major product of progesterone metabolism in the endometrium, it is concluded that urinary pregnanediol is primarily a product of liver metabolism and does not reflect the metabolism of progesterone at target sites. (Endocrinology 81: 729, 1967)
Dynamic shear deformation in high purity iron

The forced shear test specimen, first developed by Meyer et al. [Meyer L. et al., Critical Adiabatic Shear Strength of Low Alloyed Steel Under Compressive Loading, Metallurgical Applications of Shock Wave and High Strain Rate Phenomena (Marcel Decker, 1986), 657; Hartmann K. et al., Metallurgical Effects on Impact Loaded Materials, Shock Waves and High Strain rate Phenomena in Metals (Plenum, 1981), 325-337.], has been utilized in a number of studies. While the geometry of this specimen does not allow for the microstructure to exactly define the location of shear band formation and the overall mechanical response of a specimen is highly sensitive to the geometry utilized, the forced shear specimen is useful for characterizing the influence of parameters such as strain rate, temperature, strain, and load on the microstructural evolution within a shear band. Additionally, many studies have utilized this geometry to advance the understanding of shear band development. In this study, by varying the geometry, specifically the ratio of the inner hole to the outer hat diameter, the dynamic shear localization response of high purity Fe was examined. Post mortem characterization was performed to quantify the width of the localizations and examine the microstructural and textural evolution of shearmore » deformation in a bcc metal. Increased instability in mechanical response is strongly linked with development of enhanced intergranular misorientations, high angle boundaries, and classical shear textures characterized through orientation distribution functions.« less
Developing meaning, losing meaning: understanding suicidal behavior in the young

A clinical-developmental framework of adolescent suicidal behavior is presented, combining theory, research, and interview examples.
The Long Term Impact of Child Abuse on Religious Behavior and Spirituality in Men

Abstract Objective: Two hypotheses were tested: (1) In a sample of adult men, past experience of child abuse (sexual, physical, or emotional) will be related to higher levels of reported alienation from religion and God as shown in lower rates of current religious behavior, higher frequency of spiritual “injury,” and lower stability of religious behavior and experiences; (2) More “severe” forms of abuse will be associated with higher indicators of alienation. Method: Data were collected from 1,207 male veterans, 527 (43.7%) of whom reported being abused as a child. Each subject completed the Spiritual Issues Assessment, a large survey which includes data about: (1) KASL Religiosity Index; (2) The Spiritual Injury Scale; and (3) Religious items from the Westberg Personal Health Inventory. Results: A history of sexual abuse was related to significantly greater spiritual injury and lower stability of spiritual behaviors and experiences, but not to overall rate of current religious behavior. Surprisingly, abuse was related to increased frequency of prayer and of “spiritual experience.” Multivariate analyses indicate that the effect size is relatively small and the type of abuse was less important than the presence of any form of abuse. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the impact of childhood abuse is more complex than initially hypothesized. While abuse seems to be related to continuing spiritual injury and distress, it is also related to higher levels of some spiritual activities and experiences which are usually associated with positive spirituality.
Proof of an interdomain policy: a load-balancing multi-homed network

Configuration of interdomain routing policies is notoriously difficult, despite their relatively simple structure. We believe that this difficulty arises in part due to the gap between a network's interdomain traffic goals and the interdomain routing policies which implement them. The gap arises because BGP policy accomplishes network goals indirectly, through interaction with the forwarding plane, and because these goals can often only be met when neighboring networks agree to implement certain policies.We present a case study of the formal verification of a real world BGP configuration, a load-balancing multi-homed network discussed in a book on BGP configuration. We invent a formal specification from the informal description of the example and prove that the BGP policy meets this specification. The goal of this study is to make explicit and precise, the principles used in reasoning about BGP policy. We aim to show not that verification is easy, but rather that this reasoning is far from trivial and that the difficulty in configuring BGP routers may lie not in writing policy, but in understanding the effects of this policy in a complex environment. The study also illustrates some of the benefits of formal specification and verification for BGP policy, namely that such efforts help in discovering ambiguities, inconsistencies and implicit assumptions in specifications and policies.The case study and proofs have been formalized in the Isabelle/HOL theorem prover and are available on the web.
Metabolism of benzene in nonfasted, fasted, and aryl-hydroxylase inhibited rats.

The metabolism of benzene has been intensively studied, and its metabolic fate in the rabbit is well documented (Williams, 1959). Although partially excreted in the expired air, 30-4076 of ingested or inhaled benzene is hydroxylated and excreted as various phenolic products. These may appear in the urine in free or conjugated form. Recent studies of the enzymatic hydroxylating mechanism in liver indicate that this enzyme system is present in the microsomal fraction of liver cells (Mitoma et al., 1956) and requires TPNH and oxygen for activity. It appears that the hydroxylating enzyme system is also responsible for a number of other metabolic processes, including N-demethylation. A report by Roth and Bukovsky (1961) indicates that the N-demethylating enzyme activity of rabbit liver drops almost to zero after 24 hours of fasting. If hydroxylating activity is also depressed to this extent by fasting, then the immediate nutritional state of animals during toxicity testing procedures may play a most important role in determining the degree of toxicity which becomes apparent during the test period. One can foresee that aromatic compounds which are hydroxylated to produce metabolites more toxic than the parent compound would have an apparent decreased toxicity in animals unable to hydroxylate the ingested compound. Conversely, compounds hydroxylated to yield metabolites which are less toxic than the parent compound would appear more toxic in animals with impaired hydroxylating mechanisms. Thus fasting, or the presence of chemical compounds that inhibit hydroxylation, may alter the apparent toxicity of ingested chemicals. p-Diethylaminoethyldiphenylpropylacetate hydrochloride” (P-DDH) is a compound which has been shown to inhibit the hydroxylating enzyme system (Cook et al., 1954). The present study was designed to determine the effect of fasting and the injection of P-DDH on the acute oral toxicity and metabolic fate of benzene.
Inpatient psychiatry: three methods to detect medication errors

This article presents three methods to audit medication administration errors in psychiatric inpatient care. For each approach, an audit methodology is outlined, examples are given of the error types likely to be detected by the method, and actions suggested that can be taken to reduce error reoccurrence. Some of the specific difficulties of medicines administration in psychiatry are discussed.
An improved palpebral spring for the management of paralytic lagophthalmos.

Abstract Facial nerve paralysis with orbicularis muscle palsy can result in serious corneal complications, such as exposure, ulceration, and perforation. Eyelid springs have been used for patients with orbicularis muscle palsy to provide corneal protection while maintaining vision by restoring some kinetic eyelid function. The authors report on 24 patients with facial nerve paralysis who underwent implantation of an eyelid spring over a period of 8 years. The most common cause of orbicularis muscle paralysis was acoustic neuroma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Eighty-three percent of the cases successfully regained and maintained their eyelid function during the follow-up period, averaging 3.0 years. We have modified the spring to allow permanent attachment to the orbital rim by wiring. This modification of the surgical technique has minimized the most common postoperative complication: loosening of the spring from its periosteal attachment with subsequent loss of function and extrusion. In addition, transcutaneous adjustments of the spring now can be made without an incision using clasp-adjusting dental pliers. In selected patients, the placement of an eyelid spring prevents the corneal complications associated with paralytic lagophthalmos while maintaining visual function.
A Magnetic Amplifier Frequency Control

TO SUPPLY power to certain types of shipboard instruments, a source of alternating current is required in which the frequency error must be ±0.1 per cent or less over a range of temperatures, loads, and supply voltages. This need has been met by the use of small motor-driven alternators which run on the ship's d-c power supply. Frequency regulation is accomplished by shunt-field current control in the motor, and the field current is controlled by some form of servomechanism and frequency-sensing device.
Measuring emittance of nonthermalized electron beams from photoinjectors

Abstract The Los Alamos free-electron laser (FEL) facility APEX is the first high-charge (greater than 1 nC), low-emittance (normalized rms emittance less than 5π mm mrad) photoinjector-driven accelerator. The rapid beam acceleration, which is essential for maintaining high brightness, also prevents the beam from thermalizing its distribution. As a result, the phase-space the electron beam occupies appears as a contorted structure with a large surface area but little volume. The transverse beam shape is mostly non-Gaussian, often with a large halo at beam waists. This shape often results in unusual effects, some of which are outlined in another paper for this conference. In this paper, we will examine how this physical property influences emittance measurement techniques, such as quadrupole scans and beam filtering thorugh tubes and slits. We will show that common emittance measurement techniques typically underestimate the rms emittance by factors of two or more. We will also discuss the beam quality relevant to FEL interaction.
VAPOR-PHASE TRANSPORT OF TRICHLOROETHENE IN AN INTERMEDIATE-SCALE VADOSE-ZONE SYSTEM: RETENTION PROCESSES AND TRACER-BASED PREDICTION

Gas-phase miscible-displacement experiments were conducted using a large weighing lysimeter to evaluate retention processes for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water-unsaturated (vadoze-zone) systems, and to test the utility of gas-phase tracers for predicting VOC retardation. Trichloroethene (TCE) served as a model VOC, while trichlorofluoromethane (CFM) and heptane were used as partitioning tracers to independently characterize retention by water and the air-water interface, respectively. Retardation factors for TCE ranged between 1.9 and 3.5, depending on water content. The results indicate that dissolution into the bulk water was the primary retention mechanism for TCE under all conditions studied, contributing approximately two thirds of the total measured retention. Accumulation at the air-water interface comprised a significant fraction of the observed retention for all experiments, with an average contribution of approximately 24%. Sorption to the solid phase contributed approximately 10% to retention. Water contents and air-water interfacial areas estimated based on the CFM and heptane tracer data, respectively, were similar to independently measured values. Retardation factors for TCE predicted using the partitioning-tracer data were in reasonable agreement with the measured values. These results suggest that gas-phase tracer tests hold promise for characterizing the retention and transport of VOCs in the vadose-zone.
Cyclobutanone analogs of β-lactam antibiotics: sythesis of n-acetyldeazathienamycin

Abstract Cyclobutanone analogs of thienamycin, including N-acetyldeazathienamycin, have been synthesized and their chemical and biological properties studied.