cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a manganese-stimulated exonuclease fromBacillus subtilis

A manganese-stimulated exonuclease was purified from culture fluids ofBacillus subtilis 168 using ammonium sulfate fractionation, SephadexG-150 gel filtration, and DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography. This extracellular nuclease was found to attain maximal activity in the presence of 5 mM Mn2+. Little or no activity was demonstrated in the presence of Fe2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, or Ni2+, but the nuclease was somewhat active with Ca2+. The nuclease exhibited a broad pH range, with maximum activity at pH 8.5. A molecular weight of 214,000 was calculated for the protein using Sephacryl S-300 columm chromatography. Incubation of the enzyme with the closed circular DNA of plasmid pUB110 indicated that the nuclease is strictly, exonucleolytic in nature.
Organogenesis: Cutting to the Chase

Gonad morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans requires two secreted proteases. Recent studies show that alterations of the extracellular matrix component fibulin-1 rescue gonadogenesis in the absence of these proteases. This finding is a critical step toward understanding the role of extracellular matrix in organogenesis.
Arhtroscopic bankart repair with the suretac device. part I: clinical observations

Abstract Although arthroscopic Bankart repair has become an accepted surgical stabilization technique for anterior shoulder instability, the failure rate remains unacceptably high. Little information is available concerning healing of the Bankart repair. The purpose of this article is to clarify this issue by analyzing a cohort of 15 patients who underwent a "second-look" artroscopy to evaluate and treat pain or recurrent instability following arthroscopic Bankart repair with the Suretac device (Acufex Microsurgical, Mansfield, MA). "Second-look" arthroscopy was performed at an average of 9 months following the index surgical procedure. The reasons for this second surgery were recurrent instability in 7, pain in 6, and pain and stiffness in 2. In the 7 patients with recurrent instability, the Bankart repair was found to be completely healed in 3 (43%), partially healed in 1 (14%), and had recurred in 3 (43%); however, 6 of 7 were observed to have lax capsular tissue. In 4 of these cases, retrospective review of the index surgical procedure showed that a technical error had been made during the repair. Two cases had biopsy of the repair site on "second-look" at 6 to 8 months, and this showed residual polyglyconate polymer debris surrounded by a histiocytic infiltrate. In the remaining 8 cases with stable shoulders, the Bankart repair had completely healed in 5 cases (62.5%) and partially healed in 3 cases (37.5%). The higher failure rate with this approach compared with open approaches appears to result from improper patient selection and errors in surgical technique. There is some question concerning healing strength of the Bankart repair, although complete healing of the Bankart does not seem to be a prerequisite for shoulder stability. Success of the procedure might be expected to improve by selecting only patients with unidirectional, post-traumatic, anterior instabilit who are found to have a discrete Bankart lesion and well-developed ligamentous tissue.
Measurement-efficient optical wavemeters

We describe a method for efficiently determining the wavelength of a monochromatic source and provide an experimental proof-of-concept. The photomeasurement efficiency for a wavemeter can be written as η(N,q)=(1+ logqN)/m, where N is the number of spectral channels, q is the number of distinguishable output levels per photodetector, and m is the actual number of photomeasurements made. An implementation is developed that achieves a theoretical efficiency of η(N,q)=1. The proof-of-concept experiment achieves efficiencies η=O(1), where the deviation from theory is attributable to well-known optical effects and should be correctable in future versions.
Systems Integration and Web Services

Despite several outstanding issues, Web services technology is ideal for solving systems integration problems. Systems integration refers to the seamless interconnection of data and control flows among legacy and other applications to support transaction-intensive processes. This is a significant issue for organizations as they attempt to reduce cycle times, face increasing competition, and respond to demands for improved customer satisfaction.
The cost of checking proportional hazards

Confidence intervals (CIs) and the reported predictive ability of statistical models may be misleading if one ignores uncertainty in the model selection procedure. When analyzing time-to-event data using Cox regression, one typically checks the proportional hazards (PH) assumption and subsequently alters the model to address any violations. Such an examination and correction constitute a model selection procedure, and, if not accounted for, could result in misleading CI. With the bootstrap, I study the impact of checking the PH assumption using (1) data to predict AIDS-free survival among HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy and (2) simulated data. In the HIV study, due to non-PH, a Cox model was stratified on age quintiles. Interestingly, bootstrap CIs that ignored the PH check (always stratified on age quintiles) were wider than those which accounted for the PH check (on each bootstrap replication PH was tested and corrected through stratification only if violated). Simulations demonstrated that such a phenomenon is not an anomaly, although on average CIs widen when accounting for the PH check. In most simulation scenarios, coverage probabilities adjusting and not adjusting for the PH check were similar. However, when data were generated under a minor PH violation, the 95 per cent bootstrap CI ignoring the PH check had a coverage of 0.77 as opposed to 0.95 for CI accounting for the PH check. The impact of checking the PH assumption is greatest when the p-value of the test for PH is close to the test's chosen Type I error probability.
The Effect of International Interchange of High-Level Manpower on the United States

This report consolidates the data available from various sources in an attempt to assess the net U.S. balance in the international interchange of high-level manpower. The United States is shown to incur short-run losses in educational costs but long-run gains in the numerical supply of trained manpower. Nevertheless, the proportionate contribution of foreign stock to the high-level manpower pool of the United States is small, and the consequences of manpower losses to other nations is largely unknown. Current needs are for more centralized and complete information on the extent of the migration of talent to and from all countries of the world, including the United States, together with an assessment of the personal, societal, and scientific consequences of these manpower flows. With the current gaps in knowledge regarding international migration, and with the wide variation in national needs and level of development from country to country, the instituting of statutory restrictions on manpower flows by the United States would at this time appear inadvisable. I mmigration has been an important source of high-level manpower throughout the history of the United States. In recent years, the number of immigrants reported as professional, technical, and kindred workers has been increasing rapidly. In the half century since 1900, an average of more than 8,000 professional, technical, and kindred workers were admitted annually; in the decade 1951-1960, an average of 18,000 were admitted annually; and in recent years the number has increased from 22,000 in 1960 to 29,000 in 1965.' In 1960, as a result of this continued influx of immigrants, there were 287,000 foreign-born male and 129,000 foreignborn female professional, technical, and kindred workers in the experienced civilian labor force. This represents 6.8 percent of the total male * This research was partially supported by grants from the Carnegie Corporation and the Russell Sage Foundation to the Commission on Human Resources and Advanced Education. Appreciation is expressed to Lindsey R. Harmon and Herbert Soldz of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council for providing several of the tabulations herein reported, and to Helen S. Austin and John K. Folger for a number of helpful suggestions for revision of an earlier draft of this paper. 1 Computed from U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957 (Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1960), p. 60; U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States (Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1966), p. 95. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.134 on Sun, 25 Dec 2016 06:46:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Further applications of carrier-mediated transport theory—A survey

Abstract Recent studies of “facilitated diffusion” or “carrier-mediated transport” in membranes and liquid films, mainly as models of biological mass transfer, have led to several advances in the theoretical understanding and analysis of such phenomena. It will be shown here that many of the concepts and methods are applicable to a variety of processes involving diffusion and convection accompanied by homogeneous chemical reaction such as blood oxygenation, metallurgical oxidation or sulphation of alloys, and heat transfer in reacting gases. Thus, the notions of carrier-mediation, global reactivity versus non-reactivity, reaction invariance, and equilibrium or “frozen” transport, according to the appropriate Damkohler criteria, find widespread applicability in characterizing various molecular transport systems. The main objective here is to discuss the applications to the regime of rapid, near-equilibrium reaction. It is concluded that the boundary-layer methods developed recently for facilitated diffusion in membranes may be highly useful in the treatment of convection as well. There are, however, several important exceptions, which generally involve singular reaction equilibria and detached reaction zones, typical of rapid irreversible reaction exhibiting the classical “thin-flame” structure.
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among US adults in 6 states: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011.

INTRODUCTION Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is linked to weight gain. Our objective was to examine state-specific SSB intake and behavioral characteristics associated with SSB intake. METHODS We used data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 38,978 adults aged 18 years or older from 6 states: Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Wisconsin. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for characteristics associated with SSB intake from regular soda and fruit drinks. RESULTS Overall, 23.9% of adults drank SSBs at least once a day. Odds of drinking SSBs 1 or more times per day were significantly greater among younger adults; males; non-Hispanic blacks; adults with lower education; low-income adults or adults with missing income data; adults living in Delaware, Iowa, and Wisconsin versus those living in Minnesota; adults with fruit intake of less than 1 time a day versus 1 or more times a day; adults who were physically inactive versus highly active adults; and current smokers versus nonsmokers. Odds for drinking SSBs 1 or more times per day were significantly lower among adults with 100% fruit juice intake of less than 1 time per day versus 1 or more times per day and among adults who drank alcohol versus those who did not drink alcohol. CONCLUSION SSB intake varied by states and certain sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. States can use findings from this study to tailor efforts to decrease SSB intake and to encourage consumption of more healthful beverages (eg, water) among their high-risk populations.
The ROI of software dependability: The iDAVE model

In most organizations, proposed investments in software dependability compete for limited resources with proposed investments in software and system functionality, response time, adaptability, speed of development, ease of use, and other system capabilities. The lack of good return-on-investment models for software dependability makes determining the overall business case for dependability investments difficult. So, with a weak business case, investments in software dependability and the resulting system dependability are frequently inadequate. Dependability models will need to support stakeholders in determining their desired levels for each dependability attribute and estimating the cost, value, and ROI for achieving those. At the University of Southern California, researchers have developed software cost- and quality-estimation models and value-based software engineering processes, methods, and tools. We used these models and the value-based approach to develop an Information Dependability Attribute Value Estimation model (iDAVE) for reasoning about software dependability's ROI.
Soil catena development on fault scarps of different ages, eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, California.

Abstract In Quaternary tectonic studies, soils are useful for estimating the ages of both faulted surficial deposits and colluvial wedges on the fault-scarp slopes. Soil development on sloped landforms such as fault scarps varies with position on the slope, thus an understanding of catenary relations is needed to interpret the fault-scarp soils. Discussed here are some aspects of soil-catena development on fault scarps formed by late Quaternary normal faulting along the eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, between Bishop and Lake Crowley, California. The fault scarps are multiple-event scarps formed in Pleistocene glacial and fluvial deposits composed mostly of granitic clasts and vegetated primarily with the Great Basin sagebrush community. Eolian additions to the soils are minor. Fault scarps formed since the Tioga glaciation (about 10–25 ka) are high (6 –26 m of vertical surface offset) and steep (26–38°);these fault scarps have probably been ruptured by faulting at least once during the Holocene. The upper parts of the post-Tioga fault scarps are bouldery and at the lower-slope positions a finer-grained colluvial wedge has accumulated. In contrast to the post-Tioga fault scarps, an old fault scarp (mostly formed 100 ka ago, and not ruptured by faulting in at least 15–22 ka), has been degraded to a more gentle slope (17°), and few boulders are exposed on the surface of the fault scarp. On both age groups of fault scarps, some soil properties and vegetation patterns suggest that there is more available moisture at the lower-slope positions than elsewhere in the fault-scarp catenas. Soils associated with the post-Tioga fault scarps are generally weakly developed A/Bw/Cox profiles that become cumulative at the lower-slope positions. In most places, the difference in soil development between the original surface and the fault scarp is small, and thus is a poor indicator of the age spread between the two surfaces. In contrast to the post-Tioga soils, soils on the old fault scarp are moderately developed A/Bt/Cox profiles that are better developed on the fault-scarp slope than on the original surface. Increased soil development on the slope may reflect higher available moisture on the slope and erosion of the original surface through time. On both the post-Tioga and the older fault scarps, buried soils within the colluvium were rarely encountered. The lack of buried soils may be due to a combination of low regional rates of soil development, short interseismic time intervals for events forming the scarps, and on the old fault scarp, overprinting of soils by subsequent weathering and soil development. A comparison of soil-catena development on the two age groups of fault scarps suggests that after faulting ceases, pedogenesis becomes the dominant process of the fault scarp. Although slope processes may continue to modify the fault-scarp slope, they proceed at rates that are lower than the rate of soil development.
The effect of route of administration and radiation on 3H-actinomycin D binding by mouse hepatocyte DNA.

SummaryThe ability of hepatocyte nuclei from irradiated mice to bind 3H-actinomycin D was investigated at various times after exposure. Shortly after irradiation (1-3 hr), there was a marked drop in the amount of actinomycin bound by liver nuclei of ip-injected mice. The decreased binding after ip injection was probably an indirect action of radiation since it had no effect on binding iv-administered material. The decrease in actinomycin movement from the peritoneal cavity of similarly treated animals supports the hypothesis of an indirect action of radiation on binding by liver nuclei of ip-injected 3H-actinomycin D. Further evidence for the hypothesis derives from the in vitro experiments using nuclei irradiated either in vivo or in vitro, in which there was no influence of exposure on binding. When iv administration is used, the amount of actinomycin bound to nuclei is three times that when the drug is given ip. These data call attention to the importance of the route used to administer compounds when ...
A far-red absorbing form of chlorophyll. in vivo.

Abstract Fluorescence excitation spectra and absorption spectra of leaves at −196 °C. reveal a 705-mμ absorbing component which fluoresces at 720 mμ. Resonance transfer of energy from chlorophyll a to the long wavelength component at −196 °C is shown by the sensitization of the 720-mμ fluorescence by chlorophyll a and the photosynthetic accessory pigments. Energy transfer to the 705-mμ absorbing component at room temperature is indicated by data on the fluorescence quenching of chlorophyll a at room temperature. It is proposed that the 705-mμ absorption band is due to a complex of cytochrome and chlorophyll a and that this complex acts as the “reaction center” in the photosynthetic apparatus.
On the dinitrophenylation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A kinetics of the reaction in water and 8M urea

Abstract Activity measurements and chromatographic analyses of reaction products were used to determine the kinetics of substitution by FDNB of reactive amino groups in bovine pancreatic RNase A. The inactivation process obeyed second-order kinetics over the concentration range allowed by the solubility of the reagent. The pH-independent second-order rate constants for substitution at the α-amino group and for the ϵ-amino group in position 41 were determined to be ~0.8 and 26.4 m −1 min−1 at 15 °. These values are of the same order of magnitude as those for the corresponding rate-constants for substitution in model peptides (~1 and 14 m −1 min−1, respectively). Reaction at position 41, which inactivates the enzyme, is governed by the dissociation of a group with a pKapp of 8.8 ± 0.1, an observation which in large part accounts for the exceptional reactivity of this side-chain. Evidence was obtained that showed the amino group of lysine 7, unavailable to reaction in the native enzyme, but exposed when substitution at position 41 has occurred, has a reactivity equivalent to that of the amino group at position 41. The reactivity at position 41 was partially abolished when dinitrophenylation occurred in 8 m urea solution, or when a carboxymethyl group modified the imidazole side-chain at position 119.
Spontaneous Vacuolar Degeneration of the Adrenal Cortex in Pregnant and Pseudopregnant Rabbits

Vacuolar (“brown”) degeneration was observed in 30% of 62 rabbits. All the animals in this group that showed severe adrenal degeneration were pregnant, pseudopregnant or had old corpora lutea in their ovaries. No degeneration was observed in estrous animals (16). The pituitary gland was enlarged in all animals with adrenal degeneration. Degeneration was never observed in rabbits whose combined adrenal weight was less than 250 mg. The possible nature of the antiadrenocorticotrophic (anti-estrogenic?) stimulus in pregnancy or pseudopregnancy is discussed. In several animals with declining corpora lutea a “syndromic” association of findings was observed, consisting of enlargement of the pituitary, severe adrenal degeneration, degeneration of the ovarian interstitial tissue, hypertrophy of the liver and evidences of a high level of circulating estrogens. The histology and the histochemistry of the adrenal degeneration are described. Some observations are made on the adrenal changes after hypophysectomy in the...
Mandatory neuropeptide-steroid signaling for the preovulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone discharge.

I. Introduction PITUITARY hormones are secreted in the form of episodic bursts. At least two modalities of these periodic hormonal events have been identified in the rat. Generally, low amplitude episodes occurring at more or less constant frequency dominate the pituitary secretory pattern. On occasion, however, these ultradian intermittent secretory bursts are interrupted by high amplitude surges of hormone secretion lasting for a considerable length of time (1, 2). Well characterized examples of these latter events are the preovulatory gonadotropin (3, 4) and PRL (4, 5) surges in the female rat, the daily burst of ACTH secretion (6), and the periodic high mass and longer duration episodes of GH and PRL in both female and male rats (7, 8). The importance of these pituitary hormone surges in sustaining the internal milieu and the perceived corollary that subtle and progressive derangements in the periodicity and amplitude of these secretory events impel premature aging of reproductive processes are well r...
Obstructive lesions of the equine upper respiratory tract Part 1: Airway physiology and the establishment of a diagnosis

Human demands placed upon horses often require them to perform at much higher intensities than would be experienced in a natural environment. For example, a normal 500 kg horse will have an average resting ventilation rate of 12-18 breaths per minute, with a tidal volume for each breath of approximately 5 litres. This equates to an average minute ventilation of 90 litres. In a Thoroughbred exercising at 30 miles per hour, the minute ventilation can increase up to 1500 litres an approximate 15-fold increase over resting values (Fig. 1). The horse is an obligate nasal breather and, unlike other domestic species, is normally unable to breath with its mouth when demands of the upper respiratory tract increase. Thus, any resistance to the passage of air from the nares to the alveoli will produce a significant limiting effect on the performance of the horse.
What Belongs in a Fictional World

How do readers create representations of fictional worlds from texts? We hypothesize that readers use the real world as a starting point and investigate how much and which types of real-world information is imported into a given fictional world. We presented subjects ( N =52) with three stories and asked them to judge whether real world facts held true in the story world. Subjects' responses indicated that they imported many facts into fiction, though what exactly is imported depends on two main variables: (1) the distance that a narrative world lies from reality and (2) the types of fact being imported. Facts that are true of the real world are more likely to be imported into worlds that are more similar to the real world, and facts that are more central to the representation of the real world are more likely to be imported overall. These results indicate that subjects make nuanced inferences when creating fictional worlds, basing their representations both on how different a story world is from the real world and on what they know to be causally central to the real world.
The α Chain of the AP-2 Adaptor Is a Clathrin Binding Subunit

Abstract We have utilized a rabbit reticulocyte lysate coupled transcription-translation system to express the large subunits of the clathrin associated protein-2 (AP-2) complex so that their individual functions may be studied separately. Appropriate folding of each subunit into N-terminal core and C-terminal appendage domains was confirmed by limited proteolysis. Translated β2 subunit bound to both assembled clathrin cages and immobilized clathrin trimers, confirming and extending earlier studies with preparations obtained by chemical denaturation-renaturation. Translated αa exhibited rapid, reversible and specific binding to clathrin cages. As with native AP-2, proteolysis of αa bound to clathrin cages released the appendages, while cores were retained. Further digestion revealed a ≈29-kDa αa clathrin-binding fragment that remained tightly cage-associated. Translated αa also bound to immobilized clathrin trimers, although with greater sensitivity to increasing pH than the translated β2 subunit. Clathrin binding by both the α and β subunits is consistent with a bivalent cross-linking model for lattice assembly (Keen, J. H.(1987) Cell Biol. 105, 1989). It also [Abstract] raises the possibility that the α-clathrin interaction may have other consequences, such as modulation of lattice stability or shape, or other α functions.
Computational schemes for non-linear elasto-dynamics

This paper deals with the development of computational schemes for the dynamic analysis of non-linear elastic systems. The focus of the investigation is on the derivation of unconditionally stable time-integration schemes presenting high-frequency numerical dissipation for these types of problem. At first, schemes based on Galerkin and time-discontinuous Galerkin approximations applied to the equations of motion written in the symmetric hyperbolic form are proposed. Though useful, these schemes require casting the equations of motion in the symmetric hyperbolic form, which is not always possible. Furthermore, this approaches to unacceptably high computational costs. Next, unconditionally stable schemes are proposed that do not rely on the symmetric hyperbolic form. Both energy-preserving and energy-decaying schemes are derived. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Machines that learn to segment images: a crucial technology for connectomics

Connections between neurons can be found by checking whether synapses exist at points of contact, which in turn are determined by neural shapes. Finding these shapes is a special case of image segmentation, which is laborious for humans and would ideally be performed by computers. New metrics properly quantify the performance of a computer algorithm using its disagreement with ‘true’ segmentations of example images. New machine learning methods search for segmentation algorithms that minimize such metrics. These advances have reduced computer errors dramatically. It should now be faster for a human to correct the remaining errors than to segment an image manually. Further reductions in human effort are expected, and crucial for finding connectomes more complex than that of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Rheological behavior of shear degradable oils: Kinetic and equilibrium properties

An investigation of the non-Newtonian, time dependent, flow properties of various crude oils at or below their pour points is reported. Experimental observations of material response under various shear and stress conditions provide a basis for the development of a kinetic and rheological model which quantitatively describes the shear degradation and equilibrium behavior exhibited by these materials. Preliminary data on the effects of thermal history and aging are also reported, showing the relative importance of these factors to the rheological properties. On presente une etude des proprietes d'ecoulement (nonnewtonien et dependant du temps) de diverses huiles brutes, a leurs points de fluidite ou au-dessous de ceux-ci. Les observations experimentales de la reponse des huiles dans diverses conditions de cisaillement et de tension ont fourni les elements de base pour la mise au point d'un modele cinetique et rheologique qui decit quantitativement la degradation par cisaillement et le comportement d'equilibre manifeste par les huiles. On rapporte aussi les resultars preliminaires qu'on a obtenus sur les effets de la chaleur et du vieillissement; ils montrent l'importance relative de ces facteurs sur les proprietes rheologiques.
Race and Unemployment: Labor Market Experiences of Black and White Men, 1968-1988:

This article addresses two questions: First, why is Black unemployment persistently higher than White unemployment? Second, how can this fact be reconciled with narrowing Black/White differentials in educational attainment, occupational position, and earnings? We show that the persistent racial gap in unemployment is due to differential access to employment opportunities by region, occupational placement, labor market segmentation by race, and labor market discrimination. Our findings showing that the racial gap in unemployment is greatest for college-educated men and are consistent with the view that Blacks still encounter barriers to employment in the labor market.
Switching properties of m.n.o.s. memory transistors

The transient switching behaviour of an m.n.o.s. memory transistor with thin oxide layers (?25 A) is studied. The theory takes into account the initial stored charge, the finite nitride current and the voltage dependence of tunnelling probabilities through oxide and nitride. An explicit solution is obtained, which is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
A prospective study of risk factors for nephrolithiasis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Purpose: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery has become an increasingly common form of weight management. Early retrospective reviews have suggested that new onset nephrolithiasis develops in some patients after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. We present a prospective longitudinal study to assess risk factors for nephrolithiasis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Materials and Methods: A total of 45 morbidly obese patients scheduled to undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery were enrolled in this prospective study between November 2006 and November 2007. Exclusion criteria included history of nephrolithiasis or inflammatory bowel disease. Serum uric acid, parathyroid hormone, calcium, albumin, and creatinine and 24-hour urine collections were obtained within 6 months before Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and at 6 to 12 months postoperatively. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative serum laboratory values and 24-hour urine values. McNemar's test was used to determine if th...
How to Assemble a Keplerian Processor

This article describes how a set of computer programs has been constructed to perform the literal series expansions of the two-body problem. The different steps of the approach are outlined, from the basic generation of fundamental Kepler functions with the aid of Bessel series to the construction of derived Kepler functions by elementary Poisson series operations. The different tests and checks which have been made are also described. The most extensive test application of the package of programs, the expansion of the lunar disturbing function, is included at the end of the article.
CD4 dimerization and oligomerization: implications for T-cell function and structure-based drug design

Recent studies of CD4 structure and function have revealed possible mechanisms for CD4 self-association, with implications for its role in T-cell activation. Here, the authors discuss the formulation of a hypothetical three-dimensional model of CD4 oligomerization and how it impacts on the understanding of T-cell function and rational drug design targeting specific CD4 surface functional sites.
On equivalent passive structural control systems for semi‐active control using viscous fluid dampers

In this paper, the capabilities of passive control of structures using hydraulic fluid dampers are compared to those of semi-active control. It is demonstrated that, in most cases, the performance achieved by a properly designed passive control system can be comparable to that of semi-active systems that use the state-of-the-art control algorithms. It is also shown that the optimum damping coefficients for passive control may be much smaller than the maximum values considered in semi-active control. These conclusions are supported by numerical simulations of several structures, including a case of actual implementation of semi-active control in a building structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presynaptic inhibition produced by histamine at nicotinic synapses in enteric ganglia

Abstract Intracellular methods were used to record last excitatory postsynaplic potentials in myenteric neurons of the guinea-pig small intestine in vitro . The excitatory postsynaptic potentials were suppressed by hexamethonium. mimicked by acetylcholine and assumed to be mediated by nicotinie eholinergie receptors. Application of histamine either by addition to the superfusion solution or by focal application from One-tipped pipettes reversibly reduced the amplitude or abolished the excitatory postsynaptie potentials. Postsynaptie responses to focal application of acetylcholine by pressure ejection from micropipettes were either unaffected or were potentiated by histamine Failure of histamine to affect antidromic action potentials excluded a local anesthetic action on the presynaptic libers. Neither 2-methylhistamine nor dimaprit, which are selective H 2 and H 2 agonists respectively, suppressed the excitatory postsynaptic potentials when applied in concentrations nearly one hundred times greater than the ed 50 for histamine. The selective H 1 and H 2 antagonists, pyrilamine and cimetidine did not suppress the inhibitory action of histamine when applied separately or in combination. Based on these results, the presynaptic receptors involved in this inhibitory mechanism appeared to be of a pharmacologically atypical histamine receptor subtype. The putative histamine agonist. N,α-methylhistamine , which has been reported to have high stereoselectivity and activity for a receptor subtype classified as H 3 , potently reduced or abolished the excitatory postsynaptic potentials. The ed 50 for N,α-methylhistamine was 8.8 nM compared to an ed 50 of 220 nM for histamine. Burimamide. a histamine antagonist with higher activity at putative H 3 receptors than H 2 receptors, effectively reversed the inhibitory action of histamine on the excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Our results suggest that histamine acts at presynaptic terminals of nicotinie eholinergic synapses to suppress the release of acetylcholine.
p-Dominance and perfect foresight dynamics

Abstract We investigate stability of p-dominant equilibria under perfect foresight dynamics.We show that a strict p-dominant equilibrium with ∑ i p i 1 is globally accessible and absorbing in perfect foresight dynamics. We also investigate robustness and extensions of this result. We apply our proof method to games with u-dominant equilibria and unanimity games.
Long-term follow-up of unsuccessful violent suicide attempts: risk factors for subsequent attempts

STUDY POPULATION: Of 9,046 consecutive trauma admissions, all suicide attempts (n = 156) were identified: 38 patients (24%) died in hospital; 118 (76%) were discharged and received long-term follow-up (mean = 2.8 years). Factors assessed included suicidal ideation and planning, reason for attempt; number of attempts, methods, dates of prior and subsequent attempts; psychiatric diagnoses, substance abuse history, treatment and medication compliance, hospitalizations, incidence of family depression and suicide; education level, job history, and living conditions. RESULTS: 104 (88%) patients were interviewed and 14 (12%) were lost to follow-up. Seventy-seven of the patients (74%) used guns in their attempt; their mean ISS was 14.2. Seven (6.7%) made repeat suicide attempts (all unsuccessful). Late mortality was 7% (one related to index suicide, five to chronic illness, one to motor vehicle crash). Most patients (96%) had psychiatric diagnoses at discharge, 77 of 93 (83%) had diagnosed depression. Sixty-six percent (69 of 104) had histories of alcohol abuse, 42% (42 of 101) histories of drug abuse. Thirty-five percent (34 of 96) were noncompliant with psychiatric follow-up and 70% (16 of 23) were noncompliant with alcohol abuse treatment. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Repeat attempts were rare (7%) after failed suicide attempts. (2) No late deaths resulted from repeat suicide attempts. (3) Risk factors associated with repeat attempts were younger age (p = 0.002), prior attempts (p = 0.02), family history of suicide (p = 0.03), schizophrenia (p = 0.005), and not living at home (p = 0.04). (4) Identifying patients with these risk factors, ensuring that they receive inpatient alcohol abuse treatment, along with sustained psychiatric treatment and help in maintaining home environments, may prevent repeat suicide attempts.
Pollen-pistil interactions inBrassica oleracea: Cell calcium in self and cross pollen grains

The levels of calcium in pollen grains on the stigma, after self vs. cross pollinations, were compared inBrassica oleracea, a species showing sporophytic self-incompatibility. Self pollen was characterized by higher levels of chlorotetracycline fluorescence and by higher calcium signals in energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays than cross pollen. Cellular integrity of pollen grains was maintained after rejection, and self pollen could be rescued from the stigma to germinate 4 h after pollination, suggesting that the rejection response was not irreversible.
Low-Frequency Nanotesla Resolution of Magnetic Field Detection in Metglas/Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Laminates

We report nanotesla resolution in a three-phase Metglas/FeNi/PZT-5A multiferroic composite with one end rigidly clamped operating in the first-order bending resonant mode for low-frequency magnetic field detection. Strong bending magnetoelectric (ME) couplings induced by the ununiform strain distribution in the free-clamped magnetostrictive beam are achieved without the benefit of nonmagnetic tip mass, and its natural resonant frequency is much lower than that in operating free-free mode. In addition, high-permeability materials Metgals are attached on the magnetostrictive beam for magnetic flux concentrating and resolution improvement. Experimental results reveal that the three-phase ferromagnetic/magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite with a cantilever beam structure exhibits a high bending ME coefficient of ~32.17 V/cm·Oe at the resonant bending frequency of 819Hz under Hdc=175Oe. At the resonant excitation, the maximum resolution of 7nT is acquired under Hac=1Oe. The proposed ME cantilever structure with high resolution provideds a promising application in low-frequency magnetic transducer and sensors.
Neutrino-oscillation thought experiment

We propose a neutrino-oscillation experiment in order to demonstrate the significance of new CP-violating phases present in the lepton mixing matrix with massive Majorana neutrinos.
Natural statistics in language Modelling

Abstract Language speakers have the ability to estimate frequencies of occurrence, predict which outcome is the most frequent, and use language as if the statistical relationships between various linguistic variables have been determined. Within a psychologically plausible theory of analogical modeling, natural statistics would allow speakers to make such judgments without requiring them to posit highly complex statistical distributions or to directly calculate probabilities mathematically.
Model for configurational thermodynamics in ionic systems.

We develop a formalism to model configurational thermodynamics in ionic systems with multiple anion and cation species. Because cations and anions can be partitioned into two interacting sublattices that do not exchange species, the dimensionality of configuration space is significantly reduced. The result is a model applicable to many important problems in ionic systems. Here we show that the effect of an order-disorder transition in one sublattice on the other depends on how the symmetry is changed through the transition, as well as on the strength of the interactions.
Effect of exercise training on post-translational and post-transcriptional regulation of titin stiffness in striated muscle of wild type and IG KO mice

Exercise has beneficial effects on diastolic dysfunction but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we studied the effects of exercise on the elastic protein titin, an important determinant of diastolic stiffness, in both the left ventricle and the diaphragm. We used wild type mice and genetically engineered mice with HFpEF symptoms (IG KO mice), including diastolic dysfunction. In the diaphragm muscle, exercise increased the expression level of titin (increased titin:MHC ratio) which is expected to increase titin-based stiffness. This effect was absent in the LV. We also studied the constitutively expressed titin residues S11878 and S12022 that are known targets of CaMKIIδ and PKCα with increased phosphorylation resulting in an increase in titin-based passive stiffness. The phosphorylation level of S11878 was unchanged whereas S12022 responded to exercise with a reduction in the phosphorylation level in the LV and, interestingly, an increase in the diaphragm. These changes are expected to lower titin’s stiffness in the LV and increase stiffness in the diaphragm. We propose that these disparate effects reflect the unique physiological needs of the two tissue types and that both effects are beneficial.
Second Law Optimization of a Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage System With a Distributed Storage Element—Part II: Presentation and Interpretation of Results

This paper explores the behavior of a flat- slab, sensible heat thermal energy storage system, the physical design and operation of which have been optimized to minimize the production of entropy by thermodynamic irreversibilities. This part includes a description of the numerical model and the presentation and interpretation of the results of a system optimization study. The major results of this study show that: any Second Law model of a thermal energy storage system much include a distributed storage element in order to make realistic estimates the thermodynamic performance of the system; unconstrained optimization of the design of a thermal energy storage system tends to yield a system that is undesirably large, but by constraining the number of transfer units (NTU), it is possible to design systems of a realistic size without seriously degrading the thermodynamic performance; counterflow system operated without a dwell period are the most efficient type of system; and the use of a dwell period with a counterflow system, or the operation of a system in parallel flow instead of counterflow, degrades the thermodynamic performance of the system and increases the required system size (NTU) in comparison to a counterflow system operated without a dwell period.
Cleavage in east-central Vermont

Two types of cleavage, schistosity (flow cleavage) and slip cleavage, are common in the metamorphosed sediments of east-central Vermont. Two generations of cleavage are also recognized. Cleavage of the earlier stage of deformation is schistosity, and is generally parallel to bedding. Just west of the Monroe Fault, along the eastern border of the area, only this earlier schistosity is present; farther west, a slip cleavage cuts the earlier schistosity. This slip cleavage is more and more intensely developed toward the west, and about three or four miles west of the Monroe Fault it grades without deflection into a true schistosity. This later schistosity apparently has obliterated the earlier schistosity that is presumed to have been present here. Both the later schistosity and its more easterly equivalent, the slip cleavage, are parallel to the axial planes of numerous minor folds in the rocks. The passage without deflection of slip cleavage into schistosity is taken as evidence that slip cleavage and schistosity are here mechanically equivalent. Schistosity forms in the higher metamorphic environment (staurolite zone of metamorphism in this area).
Targeted residual analysis for improving electric load forecasting

Management and operation of the electrical grid in the US is handled in large part by regional authorities called Independent System Operators (ISO’s). One of the key activities of an ISO is load forecasting which is critical to short-term energy trading markets and effective operation of the power grid. In this paper, we analyze load forecasts and develop methods for improving forecasts that can be used directly by ISO’s or third parties. Specifically, we assess the hourly electrical load forecasts against actual load data provided by Midwest ISO over a twoyear period. Residual analysis shows systematic inaccuracies in hourly forecasts that can be caused by a variety of factors including modeling errors and pumped storage in the grid. We utilize machine learning-based methods to improve forecasts over short time horizons. Our methods reduce the mean squared error of forecasts over the entire year by roughly 20%. By shortening the forecast horizon to 1 to 32 hours, we are able to improve by over 90%. These improvements can be important in operational energy market contexts, where even small differences in forecasts can lead to large swings in transmission behavior and market activity.
When the solution is part of the problem: Problem solving in elderly suicide attempters

OBJECTIVES: Depression, loss, and physical illness are associated with suicide in the elderly. However, the nature of individual vulnerability remains poorly understood. Poor problem solving has been suggested as a risk factor for suicide in younger adults. Unresolved problems may create an accumulation of stressors. Thus, those with perceived deficits in problem-solving ability may be predisposed to suicidal behavior. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether elderly suicide attempters perceived their problem solving as deficient. METHODS: Sixty-four individuals aged 60 and older participated in the study including depressed suicide attempters, depressed non-attempters, and non-depressed controls. The social problem solving inventory-revised: short-version was used to measure participants' perceived social problem solving, assessing both adaptive problem-solving dimensions (positive problem orientation and rational problem solving) and dysfunctional dimensions (negative problem orientation, impulsivity/carelessness, and avoidance). RESULTS: Depressed elderly who had attempted suicide perceived their overall problem solving as deficient, compared to non-suicidal depressed and non-depressed elderly. Suicide attempters perceived their problems more negatively and approached them in a more impulsive manner. On rational problem solving and avoidant style sub-scales, suicide attempters did not differ from non-suicidal depressed. However, both depressed groups reported lower rational problem solving and higher avoidance compared to non-depressed controls. CONCLUSIONS: A perception of life problems as threatening and unsolvable and an impulsive approach to problem solving appear to predispose vulnerable elderly to suicide attempts. Language: en
The intranuclear states of snRNP complexes

The data available at present suggest at least the following distinct states: a. free snRNP--possibly representing the active pool of recycling snRNP; b. loose snRNP:hnRNP complexes--these may represent snRNP involved in a “surveying” state prior to specific sequence interaction with pre-mRNA sites and perhaps characteristic of all polymerase II transcription sites; c. tight snRNP:hnRNP complexes--representing preformed spliceosome structures at specific sequence sites on pre-mRNA; d. ICG associated snRNP--function unknown, though possibly a storage structure of transiently inactive complexes.
JAW CLAUDICATION: A SIGN OF GIANT CELL ARTERITIS

Jaw claudication is an often unrecognized sign of giant cell arteritis. The significance of this symptom has been underemphasized in the dental literature. Dentists should consider jaw claudication when making the differential diagnosis of jaw pain, especially in the elderly patient. Early diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis may help save a patient's vision.