cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chloroquine on the Formation of Tight Junctions in Cultured Immature Rat Sertoli Cells

Adjoining immature Sertoli cells in the seminiferous epithelium form a tight junctional complex leading to the development of the blood-testis barrier. Protease and antiprotease activities have been implicated in the process of formation of tight junctions. Here, we report the effect of chloroquine, an antimalarial drug with antiprotease activity, on the development of intercellular tight junctions in cultured immature rat Sertoli cells. For positive control, the classical lysosomotropic agent ammonium chloride was used. Sertoli cells were seeded in serum-free defined medium at a density of 3 x 10(6) cells/0.64-cm2 well on Matrigel-covered Millicell-HA filters. Chloroquine at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 microM was added to the outer chamber of the bicameral system on either day 1 or 7 of the culture. The formation of the tight junction was monitored by the measurement of the transepithelial resistance (TER) at 24-hour intervals using an impedance meter. TER in untreated controls was 50 ohms/cm2 on day 1; it increased progressively to 80 ohms/cm2 by day 7 and plateaued until day 12. The cells treated from day 1 with chloroquine also showed a dose-dependent progressive increase in TER until day 9, reaching 225 ohms/cm2 in cells treated with the 100 microM concentration. In comparison to controls, the increase in TER was significantly higher. In cells treated with chloroquine starting from day 7 of culture onwards, there was no observable difference in TER from the untreated control. These observations demonstrate that chloroquine and ammonium chloride increase the TER of immature Sertoli cells in the bicameral chamber.
Velocity as a Predictor of Performance Satisfaction, Mental Focus, and Goal Revision

In a longitudinal study, the authors examined the role of students' rate of progress, or velocity, in goal-striving over one semester of a college-level Introductory Psychology course. At both mid-course and near end-of-course time periods, results demonstrated that velocity uniquely contributed to the prediction of students' performance satisfaction, mental focus, and goal revision, above and beyond the influence of performance-goal discrepancies and ability. Specifically, velocity demonstrated main effects on performance satisfaction and mental focus. Velocity significantly interacted with goal importance in the prediction of goal revision. The authors call for increased attention to the role of velocity in self-regulation. Dans une etude longitudinale, les auteurs examinent le role du taux de progres des etudiants ou leur rapiditea atteindre des buts sur un semestre pour un cours d'introduction a la psychologie en faculte. Deux mesures ont ete faites: l'une a la moitie du semestre et l'autre a la fin de ce meme semestre. Les resultats montrent que uniquement la rapidite contribue a predire la satisfaction de la performance des etudiants, la concentration, et la revision de l'objectif quels que soient les ecarts entre le but de la performance et les capacites. Plus specifiquement, la rapidite a des effets importants sur la satisfaction de la performance et la concentration. La rapidite interagit significativement avec l'importance des buts dans le cas ou l'on envisage leur revision. Les auteurs soulignent le role de la rapidite sur l'auto-regulation.
Purification and properties of the sigma subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase from vegetative Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract The sigma subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from vegetative Bacillus subtilis has been purified to at least 90% purity. Purified sigma binds to core RNA polymerase and stimulates in vitro transcription of phage Oe DNA by core RNA polymerase in the presence of up to 0.2 m KCl. Sigma also stimulates RNA synthesis to different extents with phage T4 DNA and poly(dA-dT) as templates, but this stimulation is markedly sensitive to increasing ionic strength. At 0.2 m KCl sigma subunit fails to stimulate transcription of T4 DNA and actually inhibits the synthesis of RNA with poly(dA-dT) as template.
Tanzania - Poverty, growth, and public transfers : options for a national productive safety net program

This report reviews the role that safety nets have played in Tanzania and explores options on how they can contribute in accelerating poverty reduction in Tanzania, focusing on mechanisms for giving transfers to the poor. The report shows that given the large numbers of poor in Tanzania and the countrys limited resources, it is essential that safety net interventions be well-targeted and efficiently organized. Significant amounts of money are already being spent on transfer programs in Tanzania, but their impact has been limited. The report recommends that for Tanzania, a single intervention will not be enough to effectively tackle extreme poverty but a combination of different type of cash transfer options is more likely to make a difference in the strategy to reduce extreme poverty and food insecurity.
Marginalized Zero-Altered Models for Longitudinal Count Data

Count data often exhibit more zeros than predicted by common count distributions like the Poisson or negative binomial. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in methods for analyzing zero-inflated count data in longitudinal or other correlated data settings. A common approach has been to extend zero-inflated Poisson models to include random effects that account for correlation among observations. However, these models have been shown to have a few drawbacks, including interpretability of regression coefficients and numerical instability of fitting algorithms even when the data arise from the assumed model. To address these issues, we propose a model that parameterizes the marginal associations between the count outcome and the covariates as easily interpretable log relative rates, while including random effects to account for correlation among observations. One of the main advantages of this marginal model is that it allows a basis upon which we can directly compare the performance of standard methods that ignore zero inflation with that of a method that explicitly takes zero inflation into account. We present simulations of these various model formulations in terms of bias and variance estimation. Finally, we apply the proposed approach to analyze toxicological data of the effect of emissions on cardiac arrhythmias.
Differentiating among incretin therapies: a multiple-target approach to type 2 diabetes

Summary What is known and Objective: Incretin-based glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapies provide glycaemic control with reduced risks associated with weight gain or hypoglycaemia. Incretin therapies are compared with their mechanisms of action, effects on haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial glucose (PPG), body weight, β-cell function, cardiovascular biomarkers and in their safety profiles to aid clinicians in the selection of individualized pharmacotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Relevant articles for a systematic review were identified through PubMed. Randomized, head-to-head comparison studies among incretin therapies were identified and included in the review. Additionally, randomized, controlled monotherapy and combination therapy studies examining glycaemic and extraglycaemic effects of individual incretin therapies from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed. Results and Discussion: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are generally preferred over DPP-4 inhibitors because of their greater effectiveness in reducing HbA1C, FPG and PPG excursions, and greater weight loss potentiation. As a monotherapy option, longer-acting GLP-1 RAs, including liraglutide and exenatide once-weekly, may be preferred at higher HbA1C because of their more pronounced effects on FPG. At lower/near normal HbA1C, a short-acting GLP-1 RA, such as exenatide twice-daily, may be a better choice as its effects are more pronounced with PPG. Ideal patients or patient situations for DPP-4 inhibitors include patients who need minimal reduction in HbA1C, elderly patients, patients who are unwilling or unable to take an injectable agent, when GLP-1 RAs are contraindicated or when the patient will not benefit from weight loss. Treatment benefits common to all incretin-based therapies include minimal hypoglycaemia risk, potential preservation of β-cell function and effective targeting of multiple organs underlying type 2 diabetes and of comorbidities commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, such as obesity and hypertension. What is new and Conclusion: Key differences in mechanisms of action and in glycaemic and extra-glycaemic treatment outcomes exist among incretin therapies, both within the GLP-1 RA class, and between GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors. Clinical judgment acknowledging important differences among incretin therapies and treatment-related patient characteristics will aid in the selection of the appropriate incretin agent for individualized pharmacotherapy.
ISSUES IN SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Misspecified functional forms tend to produce biased estimates and spatially correlated errors. Imposing less structure than standard spatial lag models while being more amenable to large datasets, nonparametric and semiparametric methods offer significant advantages for spatial modeling. Fixed effect estimators have significant advantages when spatial effects are constant within well-defined zones, but their flexibility can produce variable, inefficient estimates while failing to account adequately for smooth spatial trends. Though estimators that are designed to measure treatment effects can potentially control for unobserved variables while eliminating the need to specify a functional form, they may be biased if the variables are not constant within discrete zones.
Temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of skull base defects.

Background. The temporalis muscle flap (TMF) is a valuable reconstructive technique utilized in a variety of challenging defects. However, its use for repair of skull base defects is less commonly reported. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted for 35 patients who underwent reconstruction of skull base defects between March 1999 and July 2006 at a tertiary referral hospital. Patients with skull base defects after trauma or extirpative surgery underwent reconstruction with a TMF. The measured outcomes were as follows: defect size/location, need for additional flaps, bone necrosis, hardware exposure, dehiscence, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and meningitis. Results. Forty-two patients underwent reconstruction with a TMF, and 35/42 patient records were available for review. No flap failures, 1 transient CSF leak, 3 hardware exposures distant from the temporalis recipient site, and 3 hydroxyapatite cement infections or foreign body reaction were observed. Conclusion. The TMF represents a versatile reconstructive technique employed with minimal morbidity and a low complication rate to repair defects of the skull base. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Light scattering and fluorescence photobleaching recovery study of poly(amidoamine) cascade polymers in aqueous solution

Diffusion coefficients of polyamidoamine cascade polymers (PAMAMs) were measured in aqueous solutions by dynamic light scattering and, after labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate, by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. The dynamic light scattering results depended weakly on pH at a high salt concentration, but varied strongly with the concentration of added salt in the low-salt limit. The fluorescence photobleaching recovery values were almost independent of salt concentration. The difference between the two techniques is that thermodynamic nonideality strongly affects light scattering at the concentrations that are experimentally accessible. The hydrodynamic sizes from fluorescence photobleaching recovery were somewhat smaller than those from dynamic light scattering in the high-salt limit, despite attachment of the dye. Nevertheless, fluorescently tagged PAMAMs should make suitable markers and diffusion probes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The development prior to term age of very prematurely born newborns' responsiveness in en face exchanges

Very-low-birthweight newborns were assessed at 29–30, 31–32, 33–34, and 35–36 weeks postconceptional age in simulated en face interactions with an examiner who (a) simply maintained an en face position, (b) talked in motherese while maintaining an en face position, or (c) gradually added tactile stimulation to her talking. The development of attention and distress patterns of behavioral responsiveness was contrasted for higher versus lower biological-risk newborns. At the younger ages, the newborns seemed to respond with distress (eye closing) to all forms of social stimulation, with the higher risk newborns showing more pronounced distress from as early as they could be tested. More differentiated responsiveness emerged around 33 weeks postconceptional age, when both higher and lower risk newborns began to respond with increased attention to talking in motherese while continuing to show distress when tactile stimulation was combined with talking. Risk-group differences in attention emerged later (35–36 weeks), with higher risk newborns showing more attention to talking, perhaps as a result of differences in habituation processes.
Complications and risk factors associated with the removal of Norplant implants.

Objective To describe the complications reported at the removal of Norplant implants, and to suggest potential risk factors for these complications. Methods Complications at the removal of Norplant implants from 3416 users from 11 countries who participated in preintroductory clinical trials of the method were tabulated. A logistic regression model was used to identify the significant risk factors associated with removal complications. Results Complications were reported in 4.5% of removals; most often, they were related to broken or deeply placed implants. The most important risk factors were complications at insertion and having an infection at the implant site (at or before removal). Conclusion Proper insertion technique under aseptic conditions is very important in predicting whether Norplant implant removal will be difficult. Although relatively infrequent even now, more vigilant training and the evaluation of some of the newer removal techniques could further reduce the incidence of difficult removals.
Selective stimulation of net calcium efflux from chick embryo tibiae by parathyroid hormone in vitro.

The purpose of this study was to measure in an in vitro system the movement of Ca and phosphate (Pi) out of bone when treated with parathyroid hormone (PTH). Tibiae from 13-day chick embryos were incubated for up to 8 h in a defined medium containing 1.8 mM Ca. Medium samples were collected every 2 h and were analyzed for Ca, Pi and lactate. Net effluxes from the bones were calculated. When bones were incubated with PTH in the medium (1 U/ml), net Ca efflux was increased 44, 60 and 100% at 4, 6 and 8 h, respectively. At no time was net Pi efflux affected by the hormone. The well known PTH-stimulated lactate production was not seen until 8 h. Lower doses of PTH (0.1 and 0.3 U/ml) were also effective. Comparing PTH (1 U/ml) responsiveness at higher (2.2 mM) and lower (0.9 mM) medium Ca concentrations, showed that with 2.2 mM Ca no increased Ca efflux was seen, while with 0.9 mM Ca significant elevation in medium Ca occurred 2 h sooner than in the experiments using 1.8 mM Ca. In another experiment, varying the medium Pi level from 1 to 2 mM had no effect on the Ca response to PTH. In neither experiment was Pi release affected by PTH. The results of this study have led to the following conclusions: (1) PTH acts on bone to cause an early dose related increase in net Ca efflux; (2) the effect is specific for Ca, since it is not accompanied by an increased Pi efflux, and may be saturated by raising the medium Ca level; and (3) PTH-stimulated Ca efflux in this system is not correlated with, and is probably not a result of increased lactate production.
Fetal complete common atrioventricular canal defect: spontaneous closure of the ventricular septal defect--in utero anatomic evolution and postnatal outcomes.

Background:We describe in utero anatomic evolution and postnatal outcome of complete common atrioventricular canal defect (CCAVCD).Methods:Retrospective data on 31 fetuses with CCAVCD were analyzed. We reviewed prenatal and postnatal echocardiograms, karyotype, and postnatal outcomes.Results:A total of 20 fetuses had complete data, 18 with serial fetal echocardiograms and postnatal data and 2 terminations. At initial examination, isolated CCAVCD was seen in 12 (67%) fetuses while 6 (33%) were associated with heterotaxy syndrome. On follow-up, 4 fetuses (22%) had spontaneous closure of the inlet ventricular septal defect (VSD) component of the CCAVCD, seen both at 30 to 35 weeks of gestation and on postnatal echocardiograms. These 4 fetuses had previously demonstrated CCAVCD between 18 and 25 weeks of gestation. A total of 15 (83%) patients underwent operative correction, 10 with isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect and 5 with heterotaxy had surgical repair. Four infants in whom spontaneous int...
Multinor: A Fortran Program that Assists in Evaluating Multivariate Normality

Most significance tests require assumptions about how data are distributed. Multivariate procedures and covariance modelling procedures such as LISREL require that data be multivariate normal. Program MULTINOR provides a graphical test of whether data are multivariate normally distributed. Significance tests of multivariate normality are not available in commonly-used statistics packages, and graphical tests are tedious to implement with statistical packages and require access to statistics not readily available for some research problems.
Fertility treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a decision analysis of different oral ovulation induction agents

Objective To compare different oral ovulation induction agents in treating infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design Decision-analytic model comparing three treatment strategies using probability estimates derived from literature review and sensitivity analyses performed on the baseline assumptions. Setting Outpatient reproductive medicine and gynecology practices. Patient(s) Infertile women with PCOS. Intervention(s) Metformin, clomiphene citrate, or metformin with clomiphene citrate. Main Outcome Measure(s) Live birth. Result(s) Within the baseline assumptions, combination therapy with metformin and clomiphene citrate was the preferred therapy for achieving live birth in women with PCOS. Sensitivity analysis revealed the model to be robust over a wide range of probabilities. Conclusion(s) Combination therapy with metformin and clomiphene citrate should be considered as first-line treatment for infertile women with PCOS.
Comparison of Narrow Bipolar Events with Ordinary Lightning as Proxies for Severe Convection

Abstract Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are a recently studied intracloud electrical-discharge process. It is speculated that an NBE is instigated by the extensive atmospheric shower of an energetic cosmic ray. NBEs cause significant relaxation of the charge separation within the electrified cloud in a short time, on the order of 10 μs. The current flow causes radiation of a distinctive “bipolar” low-frequency/very low frequency signal that can be recorded at locations on earth up to thousands of kilometers from the source. NBEs are preceded/accompanied by the most powerful very high frequency radio emissions seen in any kind of lightning. These intense pulsed radio emissions have been routinely detected with satellite-borne radio receivers in space. Owing to their easy detection and recognition, NBEs might be a useful remote sensing proxy for space-based global, near–real time remote sensing. However, in order for that potential to be realized, NBEs must be shown to be associated, as is ordinary lightning,...
Women's Studies as Change Agent*

Students' attitudes toward women and changes in those attitudes after taking a women's studies course were studied. The Spence Attitude Toward Women Scale was administered to 354 undergraduate stud...
A theory for physically nonlinear elastic fiber-reinforced composites

Abstract A three-dimensional constitutive relationship for the fiber-reinforced composite with a nonlinearly elastic matrix material is derived. The composite is modeled by a medium consisting of thin nonlinear matrix layers alternating with effective linearly elastic fibrous layers. Shear wave propagations are investigated. The formation of shock wave, its stability and growth behaviors are discussed.
A gradually turning curve must come near a lattice point

Abstract Leo Moser conjectured that given e > 0 there is a δ > 0 such that any closed convex plane curve whose curvature is bounded by δ must come within e of a lattice point. In this note we prove this conjecture and indeed we show that the “correct” order of δ is around e 2 .
NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA—V

In a previous paper there were given analytical tables to the genera of the families Aphorouridae and Poduridae; in the present paper will be found a table to the families and a table to the genera of the Entomobryidae. The Smynthuridae and Papiridae are each represented by a single genus.
Optics at Perkin-Elmer

In this issue we present a series of papers covering optical activities at The Perkin-Elmer Corporation. The company began as a strictly optical business in the late 1930s, and has grown rapidly and continuously ever since, expanding into electronics and into peripheral areas necessary for the undertaking of developmental tasks of ever-expanding scope. It has grown from a sales volume of only a few million dollars at the beginning of World War II to a current level of over $200 million. The scope of its optically oriented business has progressed from simple optical elements and process instruments to large scale electro-optical systems, such as is exemplified by the Large Space Telescope reported on in one of the accompanying papers.
Density of the Lunar Surface

The evidence that the lunar soil is basaltic permits a closer estimate of its density from the radiothermal and radar data. The mean density at the surface is 0.6 ± 0.2 gram per cubic centimeter, increasing to 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter at a depth of a few centimeters; still higher densities at depths of up to meters are implied by the radar observations.
Civic dietetics: opportunities for integrating civic agriculture concepts into dietetic practice

When Thomas Lyson developed the concept of Civic Agriculture, he provided a useful framework for considering a range of distinct but related professional areas. One such profession is dietetics. Registered dietitians work in a broad range of professional settings, including academic, clinical, administrative, hospitality, food service, and consulting. Dietetic practice has traditionally and primarily been informed by advances in understanding of the role nutrients and food play in enhancing health and reducing chronic disease risk. With support from the American Dietetic Association (ADA), the largest credentialing organization for nutrition practitioners, an increasing number of dietetic professionals consider food and agricultural sustainability issues relevant to their training and practice. Longstanding organizational structures, practices, and alliances characterizing the association, however, may limit the extent to which the organization and its members unify around a concept of civic dietetics. Recent developments within the ADA indicating an emergence of civic dietetics. This paper suggests ways the civic agriculture concept may be applied to dietetic practice, and how civic dietetics may help further civic agriculture and sustainable food systems.
Hydrodynamic fluctuation theory of spinodal decomposition: The linear regime

Abstract We present the first hydrodynamic theory of spinodal decomposition in the fluid phase which accounts for stochastic fluctuations in the stress tensor and heat flux and which incorporates a nonlocal driving force through the pressure gradient dependence. Comparison is made with a molecular dynamics computer experiment for a one-component fluid, and good agreement between theory and experiment is demonstrated.
The Early Marital Roots of Conjugal Distress and Divorce

This article summarizes research that challenges conventional wisdom about the early roots of marital distress and divorce. We abstract results from a 13-year study that focused on the extent to which long-term marital satisfaction and stability could be forecast from newlywed and early marital data. We explore the usefulness of three models emergent distress, enduring dynamics, and disillusionment designed to explain why some marriages thrive and others fail. The dominant paradigm, the emergent-distress model, sees newlyweds as homogeneously blissful and posits that distress develops as disagreements and negativity escalate, ultimately leading some couples to divorce. The results we summarize run counter to this model and suggest instead that (a) newlyweds differ considerably in the intensity of both their romance and the negativity of their behavior toward one another and, for those who remain married, these early dynamics persist over time; and (b) for couples who divorce, romance seems to deteriorate ...
Synthesis and characterization of Ti(C,N)Fe cermets produced by direct reaction

Abstract Synthesis of Ti(C,N)Fe cermets was carried out by the direct reaction of ferro-titanium alloys with carbon and nitrogen. Thermal analysis was used to monitor the reactions and the composition of the reacted products was analyzed as a function of the heat treatments. Materials sintered at 1500°C contained finely dispersed and hard particles whose hardness reaches 2500 Hv.
Stability Analysis of Feature Ranking Techniques on Biological Datasets

One major problem faced when analyzing DNA microarrays is their high dimensionality (large number of features). Therefore, feature selection is a necessary step when using these datasets. However, the addition or removal of instances can alter the subsets chosen by a feature selection technique. The ideal situation is to choose a feature selection technique that is robust (stable) to changes in the number of instances, with selected features changing little even when instances are added or removed. In this study we test the stability of nineteen feature selection techniques across twenty six datasets with varying levels of class imbalance. Our results show that the best choice of technique depends on the class balance of the datasets. The top performers are Deviance for balanced datasets, Signal to Noise for slightly imbalanced datasets, and AUC for imbalanced datasets. SVM-RFE was the least stable feature selection technique across the board, while other poor performers include Gain Ratio, Gini Index, Probability Ratio, and Power. We also found that enough changes to the dataset can make any feature selection technique unstable, and that using more features increases the stability of most feature selection techniques. Most intriguing was our finding that the more imbalanced a dataset is, the more stable the feature subsets built for that dataset will be. Overall, we conclude that stability is an important aspect of feature ranking which must be taken into account when planning a feature selection strategy or when adding or removing instances from a dataset.
Geochemistry and origin of a black mudstone in a volcaniclastic environment, Ordovician Lower Rhyolitic Tuff Formation, North Wales, UK

Black mudstones in marine volcaniclastic environments have been interpreted both as non-volcanic ‘background’sedimentation and as fine grained vitric dust from the waning stages of primary volcanism. Although difficult to distinguish by standard petrographic techniques, differentiation between the two is crucial when attempting to determine sedimentation rates or to infer periods of volcanic quiescence. In the Ordovician Lower Rhyolitic Tuff Formation of North Wales such a fine grained black unit at Cwm Idwal is geochemically similar to an underlying rhyolite ash flow tuff. Its chemical index of alteration (CIA) is identical to that of the tuff. These data suggest that the black mudstone unit is a vitric tuff related to the underlying ash flow tuff. Use of a CIA in addition to trace element geochemistry should, in most cases, serve to distinguish tuffs from silicified mudstones.
Off the radar and ubiquitous: text messaging and its relationship to ‘drama’ and cyberbullying in an affluent, academically rigorous US high school

This mixed methods study explores text messaging in a suburban US high school. Survey questions were answered by students (mean age 16.0; SD = 1.23) regarding the prevalence of bullying and victimization via text messaging. Students and staff members responded to a survey item regarding perceptions of hostile text messaging. Both students and staff members participated in interviews or focus groups where they discussed bullying, student peer interactions, and social conflict. Prevalence for text messaging that was viewed as bullying was considerably lower than other published rates. Female students perceived more hostile text messaging than male students. Analysis of qualitative data suggests that texting contributes to conflict and to a phenomenon called ‘drama,’ and that conflict or ‘drama’ may lead to bullying.
Verification and validation in cyber physical systems: research challenges and a way forward

It is widely held that debugging cyber-physical systems (CPS) is challenging, to date, empirical studies investigating research challenges in CPS verification and validation have not been done. As a result, the exact challenges facing CPS developers in the real world remain at best unquantified and at worst unknown, and the research directions the community should undertake are not clearly identified. In this paper, we review our recent empirical study of real-world CPS developers. This position paper then uses the findings from this study to highlight the discovered key challenges and to present a research trajectory to address these challenges.
Innovative Technologies for Storm-Water Management Programs in Small Urbanized Areas

AbstractSmall urbanized areas (UAs) as defined by the U.S. Census and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have a population between 50,000 and 100,000, and a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile. Under Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, storm-water managers in these UAs must preserve predevelopment hydrology through compliance with qualitative regulations—an often impracticable task given the limited resources of these municipal authorities and the diffuse hydrologic impacts of urbanization. The objective of this paper is to assist storm-water managers by providing a geographic information system (GIS) workflow supported by Python scripting that produces a geographic database of storm-water infrastructure that can subsequently be used to create a fully parameterized hydrologic/hydraulic model. Guidance on calibrating this model is then provided with suggestions for measuring discharge in storm sewer systems. The application of these objectives is ...
AMERICAN AND NEO‐CONFUCIAN POTENTIALS FOR WORLD PHILOSOPHY

L'A. mesure la contribution de la philosophie americaine contemporaine, illustree par le realisme pragmatique de R. C. Neville et de D. Weissman, et la contribution du neoconfucianisme, represente par le penseur japonais K. Ekken, a la formation d'une philosophie mondiale paleogalactique (Neville), fondee sur un rapport dialogique et interculturel entre l'Orient et l'Occident
Social relations and depressive symptoms in older adults with knee osteoarthritis.

Depressive symptoms often occur as a comorbid condition in the context of chronic illnesses such as arthritis. However, the role of both social support and social strain in relation to depressive symptoms has not been adequately explored. This study investigates the association of support and strain with depressive symptoms among a sample of older men and women in the USA (N = 298, mean age 71 years) who have knee osteoarthritis (OA). Data were collected from a survey mailed to residents who had previously participated in the Osteoarthritis Study in Seniors (OASIS), a longitudinal observational study of OA progression (survey response rate was 77%). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed significant associations of both support and strain with depressive symptoms, while statistically controlling for a variety of demographic, psychosocial and disease-related variables. In addition, social support significantly buffered the relation between social strain and depressive symptoms. The interaction effect was not significantly different for women and men, nor were the individual associations of support and strain with depressive symptoms conditioned by participant gender. The results add to the ongoing discussion regarding gender and social relations as well as highlight the role of both positive (social support) and negative (social strain) aspects of social interactions in relation to the psychological functioning of older adults coping with a chronic illness.
Abstract 4182: Overexpression ofMig-6suppresses endometrial cancer development and progression in ablation ofPtenmice

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer. Estrogen-dependent endometrioid carcinoma is the most common type of endometrial cancer. In previous studies, we have identified mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) as a downstream target of Progesterone Receptor (Pgr) action in the uterus. Ablation of Mig-6 in the murine uterus leads to the development of endometrial hyperplasia and estrogen-induced endometrial cancer. These results suggest that Mig-6 act as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer. To assess the effects of the overexpression Mig-6 and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways on uterine tumorigenesis, mice with Pten floxed (Ptenf/f) and LoxP-STOP-LoxP Mig-6 (R26Mig-6LSL) were bred to the PRCre mouse model to generate ablation of Pten and overexpression of Mig-6 in the uterus (PRcre+ R26Mig-6LSL Ptenf/f). PRcre+ R26Mig-6LSL Ptenf/f showed significantly increased survival time compared to PRcre/+ Ptenf/f mice. Double mutant mice showed significantly decreased uterine weight compared to PRcre/+Ptenf/f at 3 months of age. Gross morphology at 3 months of age showed that double mutant mice dramatically retarded the development of endometrial cancer compared to ablation of Pten alone. Histological analysis showed that endometrial adenocarcinoma with invasion into the myometrium was observed in the PRcre/+Ptenf/f mice at 3 months of age. However, double mutant mice did not develop endometrial cancer. Immunohistochemstry analysis showed significantly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation at epithelial cells in PRcre+ R26Mig-6LSL Ptenf/f mice compared to PRcre/+ Ptenf/f mice at 3 months of age. The expression of pERK1/2 was significantly decreased in PRcre+ R26Mig-6LSL Ptenf/f mice compared to PRcre/+ Ptenf/f mice at 2 and 3 months of age. The expression of Pgr and its tartget genes was significantly increased in PRcre+ R26Mig-6LSL Ptenf/f mice compare to PRcre/+ Ptenf/f mice. However, the expression of Estrogen Receptor ≤ (Esr1) and its target genes was significantly decreased. The ability of Mig-6 to repress cancer development indicates that it exerts a tumor suppressor function in endometrial cancer. These results will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and to the development of therapeutic approaches for endometrial cancer.(Supported by NIH, R01 HD057873) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4182. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4182
Expression of the Nkx3.1 homobox gene during pre and postnatal development.

We report here the expression pattern of Nkx3.1, a murine homolog of Drosophila bagpipe, in different stages of embryos and in neonates. Nkx3.1 was expressed in paraxial mesoderm at day 7.5 p.c., in the somite by day 8.0 p.c. and in a subset of vascular smooth muscle cells by day 9.5 p.c. In later stage embryos and neonates, Nkx3.1 was expressed in subpopulations of epithelial cells, particularly in epithelial outgrowths. Nkx3.1 was also expressed in restricted regions of the central nervous system.
Impact of DC link pulse coding on the harmonic distortion of the high-frequency-link inverter

This paper presents the effects of information coding at the pulsating dc link on the performance of the high-frequency-link (HFL) inverter. The asymmetrical duty-cycle phase-shift modulation (resulting in pulse placement) of the front-end of the HFL inverter yields reduced frequency of the pulsating dc link voltage. It also results in reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) of the inverter output current and extended softswitching range. Soft-switching and lower harmonic losses due to reduced THD yield higher inverter output (better source utilization) and higher efficiency. The enhanced performances are verified by the experiment results and comparisons.
Propagation of a Huygens Front Through Turbulent Medium

The dynamics of a thin Huygens front propagating through turbulent medium is considered. A rigorous asymptotic expression for the effective velocity $v_{F}$ proportional to the front area is derived. The small-scale fluctuations of the front position are shown to be strongly intermittent. This intermittency plays a crucial role in establishing a steady state magnitude of the front velocity. The results are compared with experimental data.
The cycling of nutrients in a closed-basin antarctic lake: Lake Vanda

Lake Vanda is a permanently ice covered, meromictic, closed basin lake, located in the Dry Valley region of Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica. A unique feature of the lake water column structure is that the bottom lake waters exist as a natural diffusion cell. The diffusive nature of these waters allows rates of sulfate reduction, nitrification and denitrification to be calculated from nutrient concentration gradients. Calculation reveals that sulfate reduction is by far the most important anoxic process acting to oxidize organic material. In addition, rate calculations reveal that bottom water nutrient profiles are in steady state. One argument in support of this conclusion is that the calculated rate of nitrification balances the flux of ammonia from the anoxic lake waters. The flux of phosphorus from the reducing waters is several times less than would be predicted from the nitrogen and phosphorus content of decomposing lake seston. Solubility calculations show that phosphorus may be actively removed at depth in Lake Vanda by the formation of hydroxyapatite. It is found that estimated rates of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the bottom lake waters and sediments roughly balance the riverine input flux. This suggests that throughout the lake a nutrient steady state may exist, and that the anoxic zone may be the most important loci for nutrient removal. Finally, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus entering Lake Vanda by riverine input is less than the ‘Redfield’ ratio of 16/1; in contrast to the lake waters which are strongly phosphorus limited at all depths. This curious aspect of the lake's nutrient chemistry is explained by the presence of preformed nitrogen, which has been concentrated in the deep brine due to several episodes of evaporative concentration.
Influence of sweetening agents in solution on dental caries in desalivated rats.

Abstract Sucralose (trichlorogalactosucrose), sorbitol and aspartame in drinking water induced little or no caries in desalivated rats infected with Streptococcus sobrinus and Actinomyces viscosus and receiving their essential nutrition by gastric gavage. In contrast, sucrose and fructose induced extensive decay. Only sucrose could sustain implantation of Strep. sobrinus in these animals. The populations of A. viscosus were sparse (0.3–0.5%) in the animals given fructose and sucrose. Large populations of A. viscosus occurred in the controls and in those given sucralose, sorbitol and aspartame. In a second experiment, where animals were also desalivated and received diet 2000 ad libitum, sucrose in solution promoted caries whereas sucralose, aspartame and saccharin were without effect. Addition of 10 parts/106 F overcame the caries-promoting effect of sucrose in solution. There was no interaction between fluoride and other sweetening agents that affected the incidence of caries.
Virtual World Data Server client for large scientific datasets

The UCLA Virtual World Data Server (VWDS) is a terabyte data server with a clustered architecture based on commodity PCs. It provides data storage for multiple, simultaneous, high- performance clients running different multimedia and virtual world applications. It serves the data on demand, in real time, with a pre-negotiated data transfer rate. UCLA is currently running two prototype servers and building a large VWDS for campus use.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Are Copy Number Variants Associated With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex genetic disorder that causes spinal deformity in approximately 3% of the population. Candidate gene, linkage, and genome-wide association studies have sought to identify genetic variation that predisposes individuals to AIS, but the genetic basis remains unclear. Copy number variants are associated with several isolated skeletal phenotypes, but their role in AIS, to our knowledge, has not been assessed.
Coherent laser radar performance in the presence of random and systematic errors

IntroductionThe performance of a coherent range -Doppler imaging laser radar is dependent upon the quality ofthe waveform generation and processing techniques. This paper deals with the performance of widebandwaveforms in the presence of systematic and random amplitude and phase errors which occur during thegeneration and processing of these waveforms.Performance for a given waveform is defined in terms of the processed mainlobe beamwidth and maxi-mum sidelobe -to- mainlobe level in both the range and Doppler dimensions. Resolution and processing gainmay be sacrificed for improved sidelobe performance if amplitude weighting of the range and /or Dopplersamples is implemented.The waveform error types considered include the random types such as pulse -to -pulse timing jittererrors and random amplitude and phase errors; as well as the systematic types such as cubic, quadraticand linear phase errors, sinusoidal phase errors, and pulse amplitude distortion errors. In addition, theeffects of quantization errors and small discrete Fourier transform (DFT) sample set sizes are evaluated.Performance results are presented for three types of complex pulse train waveform envelopes whichcan be processed to form range -Doppler images. The three pulse types are simple unmodulated , linearfrequency modulated (LFM) chirp and binary phase shift keyed (BPSK). The complex envelopes aredescribed in [1].The performance curves may be used to specify the transmitter and receiver quality requirements forthese range -Doppler imaging waveforms. The performance curves may be used as well for range only orDoppler only measurement applications. These curves allow the designer to relate component quality tosystem performance and to establish an acceptable system error budget.
Some geographical aspects of the American presidential election of 1980

Abstract This paper provides a geographical contribution to the current political discussion on the ‘meaning’ of the 1980 presidential election. Some recent literature avoids, or at least undervalues, the regional dimension in recent electoral change despite the well-known regional bases of campaign strategies. Regression analyses by regions are used to quantify the different regional responses to the Reagan-Carter contest and these are interpreted in the light of the ‘geographical’ advantage of the Republicans in their campaign strategy: Reagan's safe home-base in the West compared with Carter's vulnerability in the South.
An economical operant space interface for the PDP-8 computer.

Abstract An inexpensive input/output transfer system between a PDP-8/I Digital Equipment Corporation computer and two operant stations is described. An interrupt facility is included. Slight modification of this interface will also permit it to work with the newer PDP-8 series computers.
Comment on “Special Reflections from the Field: Mentoring Apprentice Ethnographers through Field Schools”

Thanks to the current level of information technology, many novice ethnographers now go into the field confident of virtual access to their mentors. Whether the field site is close to home or at a considerable distance, email enables them to check in frequently for guidance and support. Some claim this connection reduces the impact of culture shock, helps them avoid certain mistakes or find affirmation for altering a course of action. Nevertheless, they go in unaccompanied and continue to view the experience as a solo venture. As one first-time ethnographer assured me on her return, "Even though we connected by e-mail, I knew you weren't there looking over my shoulder. Being on my own was the transformative experience!" Taken together, these three essays by coordinators of ethnographic field schools offer a distinctly different set of possibilities and prospects for first-time fieldwork. Drawing on data from their work with groups of novices in Barbados, in the Italian Tirol, and in Georgia, these experienced ethnographers make a strong case for directly supervised early fieldwork that includes extensive peer collaboration as well as individual activity. Offering richly descriptive accounts of the challenges, strains, and reciprocal benefits they have found in being there together with apprentices, they are forceful advocates for colleagues to launch similar efforts elsewhere. Indeed, these authors propose that supervising others' early fieldwork is a professional responsibility. At a time when education is still widely defined as synonymous with schooling, these ethnographer/educators show how "taught cognitive learning need not be limited to schools" (Erickson 1982:149). Impressively, in my view, they document ways to integrate this approach with more traditional forms and forays into ethnographic inquiry. The authors are candid about the personal and professional difficulties this work holds for them but forefront its worth and value.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and nonideal solutions

The information that may be obtained from a fluorescence correlation spectroscopic study of a nonideal solution is considered. If all of the macromolecules in a two-component solution are fluorescently labeled, the mutual diffusion coefficient will be measured. If only a few of the macromolecules in a solution are fluorescently labeled, the tracer diffusion coefficient will be obtained. Two nonideal systems that probably may usefully be studied with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy are proposed. The application of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to studies of lateral diffusion in biological membranes is discussed; the form of the contribution to the fluorescence correlation spectrum of bulk motion within a membrane is noted.