cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An interview with Olivia Gude about connecting school and community arts practice

ABSTRACTOlivia Gude has a long and distinguished career as both a public artist and an art educator. She is currently the Angela Gregory Paterakis Professor and Chair of Art Education at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC), where she works with graduate and undergraduate students to prepare for working as artist educators in school and community settings. Her scholarly work includes a number of articles and book chapters about art education and community art. Prof. Gude has worked as a community public artist for many years and has created over 30 large-scale mural and mosaic projects, working with intergenerational groups, teens, elders, and children. I interviewed Prof. Gude at the SAIC building in downtown Chicago to discuss how her school, university, and community art engagement as well as her work with the National Coalition for Core Arts Standards, might offer suggestions for transforming arts education for the twenty-first century and provide authentic connections between school and ...
Analysis of Maryland Poisoning Deaths Using Classification And Regression Tree (CART) Analysis

Our study is a cross-sectional analysis of Maryland poisoning deaths for years 2003 and 2004. We used Classification and Regression Tree (CART) methodology to classify 1,204 Maryland undetermined intent poisoning deaths as either unintentional or suicidal poisonings. The predictive ability of the selected set of variables (i.e., poisoned in the home or workplace, location type where poisoned, place of death, poison type, victim race and age, year of death) was extremely good. Of the 301 test cases, only eight were misclassified by the CART regression tree. Of 1,204 undetermined intent poisoning deaths, CART classified 903 as suicides and 301 as unintentional deaths. The major strength of our study is the use of CART to differentiate with a high degree of accuracy between unintentional and suicidal poisoning deaths among Maryland undetermined intent poisoning deaths.
Look Before Leaping to a Board Position

Before accepting a position on a Board, the full extent of membership responsibilities must be examined. All sides of the Board activity must be considered, as well as the board candidate’s time, energy and dedication to representing constituents fairly and objectively.
Attacking the Death Penalty: Toward a Renewed Strategy Twenty Years after Furman

The death penalty is perhaps the most controversial and widely discussed aspect of our criminal justice system. In every legal analysis of the death penalty, there is a moral dimension. Coloring any discussion of the death penalty, whether by journalist or judge, professor or Supreme Court Justice, is a particular political or philosophical position. This Note is no different. It is driven by a moral judgment that the death penalty is wrong, and by a political judgment that the death penalty contributes to a climate of violence in our country, is a poor use of our limited resources, and distracts our attention from developing effective solutions to crime and other problems in our society. The purpose of this Note is to explain and to explore some of the issues underlying the development of a new strategy aimed at the abolition of the death penalty through a constitutional ruling in the courts. The proposed strategy is based on the premise that the Eighth Amendment has required limitations and safeguards on the imposition of the death penalty that are so restrictive as to impose extreme and unreasonable costs and burdens upon the judiciary and the criminal justice system as a whole. Part I sets out the doctrinal background, based largely on the requirements of the Eighth Amendment, that has shaped the system of capital punishment into its present form, and discusses the earlier litigation strategy that helped to create it. Part II analyzes the effectiveness of the current doctrine in dealing with the problems of arbitrariness, discrimination, and infrequency that the Furman decision identified, and argues that the doctrine has, at best, achieved only modest success. Part III identifies a series of new problems that the doctrine has created in the process of achieving these modest or less than modest gains. Part IV discusses a new strategy that could be employed in a renewed effort to challenge the death penalty in the courts.
Potential contributions of skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction to altered biomechanics in obesity.

Abstract Background Obesity alters whole body kinematics and joint kinetics during activities of daily living which are thought to contribute to increased risk of musculoskeletal injury, development of lower extremity joint osteoarthritis (OA), and physical disability. To date, it has widely been accepted that excess adipose tissue mass is the major driver of biomechanical alterations in obesity. However, it is well established that obesity is a systemic disease affecting numerous, if not all, organ systems of the body. Indeed, obesity elicits numerous adaptations within skeletal muscle, including alterations in muscle structure (ex. myofiber size, architecture, lipid accumulation, and fiber type), recruitment patterns, and contractile function (ex. force production, power production, and fatigue) which may influence kinematics and joint kinetics. This review discusses the specific adaptations of skeletal muscle to obesity, potential mechanisms underlying these adaptations, and how these adaptations may affect biomechanics.
Hot electron inelastic scattering and transmission across graphene surfaces

Inelastic scattering and transmission of externally injected hot carriers across graphene layers are considered as a function of graphene carrier density, temperature, and surrounding dielectric media. A finite temperature dynamic dielectric function for graphene for an arbitrary momentum q and frequency ω is found under the random phase approximation and a generalized scattering lifetime formalism is used to calculate the scattering and transmission rates. Unusual trends in scattering are found, including declining rates as graphene carrier density increases and interband transition excitations, which highlights the difference with out-of-plane as compared to in-plane transport. The results also show strong temperature dependence with a drastic increase in scattering at room temperature. The calculated scattering rate at T = 300 K shows a wide variation from 0.2 to 10 fs−1 depending on graphene carrier density, incident carrier momentum, and surrounding dielectrics. The analysis suggests that a transmiss...
Simultaneous Measurements of Mass and Collisional Cross-Section of Single Ions with Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry.

The masses and mobilities of single multiply charged ions of cytochrome c, ubiquitin, myoglobin, and bovine serum albumin formed by electrospray ionization are measured using charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS). Single ions are trapped and repeatedly measured as they oscillate inside an electrostatic ion trap with cone electrodes for up to the maximum trapping time set at 500 ms. The histograms of the many single ion oscillation frequencies have resolved peaks that correspond to the different charge states of each protein. The m/z of each ion is determined from the initial oscillation frequency histogram, and the evolution of the ion energy with time is obtained from the changing frequency. A short-time Fourier transform of the time-domain data indicates that the increase in ion frequency occurs gradually with time with occasional sudden jumps in frequency. The frequency jumps are similar for each protein and may be caused by collision-induced changes in the ion trajectory. The rate of the gradual f...
R5T4 Compounds: An Extraordinary Versatile Model System for the Solid State Science

Abstract Rare earth metals form intermetallic compounds with most of the metallic and semimetallic elements in the periodic table. Due to chemical similarities among 16 of the 17 rare earth elements (Sc frequently stands apart), they often form families of either isostructural or closely related compounds. Despite a long history of research in a broad field of intermetallics, a general theory that enables one to clearly relate composition and structure with physical properties of a multicomponent alloy is still lacking. In this chapter, we review a family of intermetallic materials formed by the rare earth metals (R) and Group 14 elements (T, which can also include certain quantities of Group 13 and 15 elements substituted for Group 14 elements) at the R5T4 stoichiometry. The uniqueness of these compounds lies in their distinctly layered crystallography that can be judiciously controlled by chemistry, processing, and a variety of external triggers including temperature, pressure, and magnetic field. The materials exhibit a host of physical effects related to magnetic and structural transformations that can occur separately or simultaneously. Unlike many other extended families of intermetallic materials, present day understanding of the composition–structure–physical property relationships of R5T4 compounds approaches predictive power, and in this chapter, we show examples of how one can predict some of the interesting physics based on the knowledge of chemical composition and crystal structure of these materials. We hope that this review will further stimulate research in this area and that the science of these materials will be refined and extended in the coming years making the subject much more complete.
Model tire pressure sensor ID learning method using fuzzy logic

A common maintenance process that is usually done in the automobile is change of a flat tire. In the case the vehicle is equipped with a direct tire pressure monitor system (TPMS), the sensor should be also replaced if it is damaged. The module that receives the tire pressure data needs to update the registered sensor IDs with the new sensor ID fitted in the vehicle. This can be done manually through a diagnostic tool that communicates with the module. Also, there are some systems that have the capability of auto-learning sensor IDs without using any external tool. To auto learn sensor Ids, classic algorithm approaches has been defined based on experience. For this paper the method of auto-learning sensor IDs using Fuzzy logic will be modeled. A four tires configuration system would be modeled with four rotating sensors.
Helicon plasma ion temperature measurements and observed ion cyclotron heating in proto-MPEX

The Prototype-Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) linear plasma device is a test bed for exploring and developing plasma source concepts to be employed in the future steady-state linear device Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) that will study plasma-material interactions for the nuclear fusion program. The concept foresees using a helicon plasma source supplemented with electron and ion heating systems to reach necessary plasma conditions. In this paper, we discuss ion temperature measurements obtained from Doppler broadening of spectral lines from argon ion test particles. Plasmas produced with helicon heating alone have average ion temperatures downstream of the Helicon antenna in the range of 3 ± 1 eV; ion temperature increases to 10 ± 3 eV are observed with the addition of ion cyclotron heating (ICH). The temperatures are higher at the edge than the center of the plasma either with or without ICH. This type of profile is observed with electrons as well. A one-dimensional RF anten...
Functional requirement for human pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 arginine 183, mutated in amyloidogenic neuropathy.

Here we report the enzymologic characterization of recombinant human pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (Pitrm1) and derivative mutants including the arginine-to-glutamine substitution mutant Pitrm1 R183Q, which has been implicated in inherited amyloidogenic neuropathy. Recombinant Pitrm1 R183Q was readily expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli, but was less active than the recombinant wild-type enzyme against recombinant amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ 1-40). A novel fluorogenic substrate derived from the reported Aβ 1-40 core peptide cleavage sequence, Mca-KLVFFAEDK-(Dnp)-OH, was synthesized and applied to real-time kinetic study of Pitrm1 and derivative mutants including Pitrm1 R183Q. The Pitrm1 R183Q mutant exhibited significantly decreased rate of fluorogenic peptide hydrolysis, yet retained similar binding affinity by comparison with the wild-type enzyme. Targeted mutagenic analysis revealed a functional requirement for uncharged or electropositive residues in place of Pitrm1 R183. Residue R183 is positioned within an N-terminal strand-loop-strand motif that is conserved among M16C, but not M16A or M16B family metallopeptidases. Truncation analysis revealed that this strand-loop-strand motif inclusive of residue R183 is essential Pitrm1 function. A requirement for charged residues within 4.5 A of residue R183 was demonstrated, and Pitrm1 R183Q was found to exhibit increased sensitivity to heat inactivation. Our findings indicate that charge sharing in the vicinity of Pitrm1 R183 is critical to enzyme activity, providing potential insight into a molecular basis of Pitrm1 dysfunction.
Oxygen in Acute Bronchiolitis

Abstract Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospital admission in children under the age of 1 year in developed nations. Admissions for bronchiolitis sharply increased in the late 1980s and 1990s, and it is widely accepted that much of that increase was due to use of noninvasive assessment of oxygen saturation (SpO2) via pulse oximetry. This was combined with the creation of SpO2 cutoffs that would require hospitalization for supplemental oxygen. Pulse oximetry often influences the decision to admit and can lead to prolonged hospitalization for supplemental oxygen, often after work of breathing has resolved. In this article, we will review the data describing how oxygen saturation influences the decision to admit and length of hospitalization. We will then review the evidence supporting the use of supplemental oxygen in the home setting to avoid hospitalization and recent data on the incidence of hypoxia in these infants and its relationship to short term outcomes. We will conclude with a comment on further research and quality improvement work that is needed in this area.
Life-Span Environmental Psychology: Methodological Issues

ABSTRACT Life-span environmental psychology faces the problem of constructing propositions linking a variable in a physical with a variable in a social science frame of reference. Relations among social science variables may be studied while treating variables in the physical system as conditional, holding them constant. Appropriate transformation concepts define the social significance of the physical variable. When social or psychological facts are circumscribed for study in terms of their orientation to an object, including orientation to age, an entity is posited in the initial existence statement. The concept of development is bound to the idea of such an entity. The criteria establishing the boundary of the entity may not be expressive of the nature of the elements within it. As one consequence, the entity may consist of relatively functionally independent subsystems. Consequently, correlations between elements in distinct subsystems may be low. Development is structural differentiation. New elements emerge with the passage of time. This may account for some of the low correlations between elements at successive stages of development. Disciplinary theory, on the other hand, tends to circumscribe relevant facts, within the frame of reference, by establishing empirical associations among them. The result is an object-free theoretical net of general propositions. These propositions may interpret relations among the elements in the orientationally posited entity. The boundaries of such a net are a function of the relations among the elements included. Values of such analytic variables may be said to change, but only entities, orientationally established, may be said to develop. These methodological issues are illustrated through fragmentary life-span environmental psychological analyses of action oriented to space, to noise, and to natural outdoor settings.
Gene Expression and Epigenetic Deregulation

The last decade resulted in many scientific discoveries illuminating epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation and genome organization. DNA methylation emerged as playing a pivotal role in development and cancer. Genome-wide changes in DNA methylation, including hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and genome-wide loss of methylation, are two dominant mechanisms that deregulate gene expression and contribute to chromosomal instability. In this chapter we give an overview of how methylation patterns are established during B-cell development and what machinery is necessary to maintain those patterns. We summarize the current state of knowledge of aberrant changes taking place during and contributing to lymphoid transformation in general and to the development of CLL in particular. We discuss key deregulated biomarkers extensively studied using single-gene approaches and give an overview of a wealth of data that became available from genome-wide approaches, focusing on pathways that are critical for lymphomagenesis. We also highlight epigenetic differences between known prognostic groups of CLL.
Lessons From Warfarin Trials in Atrial Fibrillation: Missing the Window of Opportunity

Between September 1985 and June 1987, five clinical trials were initiated to evaluate the use of warfarin to prevent stroke in patients with nonrheumatic, non-valvular atrial fibrillation. They were similar in terms of study population and primary outcome, but differed in their International Normalized Ratio (INR) goals. The first three trials, all terminated early between January 1989 and November 1990, reported marked reductions in embolic complications with warfarin. As a consequence, the remaining trials were terminated ahead of schedule, primarily for ethical reasons. Publication of results from similar trials can influence ongoing trials, potentially closing the “ethical” window of opportunity by withholding proven beneficial treatment.
Worsening head bleeds in elderly blunt head trauma patients taking antithrombotics: Delayed CT head fails to change management

Abstract Background Most elderly trauma patients suffer blunt head injury and many utilize antithrombotic (AT) medications. The utility of delayed CT-head (D-CTH) in neurologically intact elderly patients using AT who have an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on presentation is unknown. We hypothesized that D-CTH would not alter clinical management and aimed to evaluate the role of D-CTH in this population. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients ≥65 years sustaining blunt head injuries from January 2010 to July 2017 were identified using our level 1 trauma center database. AT-patients presenting with ICH who underwent D-CTH were included. Patients with worsened ICH were compared to those with stable to improved ICH on D-CTH. AT-patients were compared to a cohort of non-AT patients. Fisher’s Exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized and a power analysis conducted. Results 137 A T and 34 non-AT patients were identified. There was no difference in hemorrhage progression or appearance of new ICH. No patient had a change in management from D-CTH in either cohort. AT-patients were slightly older (p 50 AT-patients with worsened ICH were compared to 87 with stable ICH. There was no difference in cohort demographics. Hemorrhage progression did not vary with type of AT used but did increase if multiple types of synchronous ICH were present (p Conclusions Our data supports abstaining from routine D-CTH of elderly ICH patients with an intact neurologic examination who are utilizing aspirin, clopidogrel or warfarin. Conclusions cannot be drawn regarding new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) given low enrollment. Further multicenter study is required to provide adequate power and detect small levels of management change.
The Evolution of Eastern Kentucky University Libraries Orientations: Giving Students a LibStart to Student Success Through Library Engagement

Abstract Library anxiety is well-documented in the literature; however, traditional college students often also lack understanding about the value of libraries, due in part to the misconception that “everything is (easily and quickly) available and accessible online.” To combat this misconception and library anxiety, Eastern Kentucky University (EKU) Libraries replaced boring service overviews and cumbersome, awkward tours of our building with LibStart: participatory, student-lead experiences that situate the Library as a central partner in the higher education experience. By inviting students to show us the library through their eyes, we harnessed the strengths of our libraries, its people and services, and even our own students to create engaging, impactful orientations that reduce library anxiety and communicate library value. This chapter traces the history of the library orientation at EKU Libraries, sharing how we revived and continue to improve library orientations through collaboration and assessment, harnessing the strengths of librarians, students, and instructors.
GNE Myopathy: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Challenges.

GNE myopathy, previously known as hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM), or Nonaka myopathy, is a rare autosomal recessive muscle disease characterized by progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 to 9:1,000,000. GNE myopathy is caused by mutations in the GNE gene which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis. The pathophysiology of the disease is not entirely understood, but hyposialylation of muscle glycans is thought to play an essential role. The typical presentation is bilateral foot drop caused by weakness of the anterior tibialis muscles with onset in early adulthood. The disease slowly progresses over the next decades to involve skeletal muscles throughout the body, with relative sparing of the quadriceps until late stages of the disease. The diagnosis of GNE myopathy should be considered in young adults presenting with bilateral foot drop. Histopathologic findings on muscle biopsies include fiber size variation, atrophic fibers, lack of inflammation, and the characteristic “rimmed” vacuoles on modified Gomori trichome staining. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of pathogenic (mostly missense) mutations in both alleles of the GNE gene. Although there is no approved therapy for this disease, preclinical and clinical studies of several potential therapies are underway, including substrate replacement and gene therapy-based strategies. However, developing therapies for GNE myopathy is complicated by several factors, including the rare incidence of disease, limited preclinical models, lack of reliable biomarkers, and slow disease progression.
Correlates of Stress in the College Environment Uncovered by the Application of Penalized Generalized Estimating Equations to Mobile Sensing Data

Background: Stress levels among college students have been on the rise for the last few decades. Currently, rates of reported stress among college students are at an all-time high. Traditionally, the dominant way to assess stress levels has been through pen-and-paper surveys. Objective: The aim of this study is to use passive sensing data collected via mobile phones to obtain a rich and potentially less-biased source of data that can be used to help better understand stressors in the college experience. Methods: We used a mobile sensing app, StudentLife, in tandem with a pictorial mobile phone–based measure of stress, the Mobile Photographic Stress Meter, to investigate the situations and contexts that are more likely to precipitate stress. Results: Using recently developed methods for handling high-dimensional longitudinal data, penalized generalized estimating equations, we identified a set of mobile sensing features (absolute values of beta >0.001 and robust z>1.96) across the domains of social activity, movement, location, and ambient noise that were predictive of student stress levels. Conclusions: By combining recent statistical methods and mobile phone sensing, we have been able to study stressors in the college experience in a way that is more objective, detailed, and less intrusive than past research. Future work can leverage information gained from passive sensing and use that to develop real-time, targeted interventions for students experiencing a stressful time.
THE INFLUENCE OF LESION LOCATION AND DISCORDANCE PATTERN BETWEEN INSTANTANEOUS WAVE-FREE RATIO AND FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE

Diagnostic performance of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) may be affected by the lesion location and limited data are available regarding the discordance pattern between iFR and FFR. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of lesion location and
Studying Legal Socialization

Chapter 1 sets forth some issues underlying the study of legal socialization and defines the specific questions to be addressed. The questions include the normative implications of legal socialization, the relative influence of internal and external factors in the learning process, the relationship between reasoning and behavior, the role of attitudes as mediators between reasoning and behaviors, and the relationship between legal reasoning and legal culture. We end the chapter with a brief delineation of the scope of the study, including the two leading theories and their operationalization and a description of the empirical setting.
Myeloid-Derived Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Progenitors Significantly Contribute to Lymphatic Metastasis in Clinical Breast Cancer

Lymphatic metastasis is a high-impact prognostic factor for mortality of breast cancer (BC) patients, and it directly depends on tumor-associated lymphatic vessels. We previously reported that lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory lymphangiogenesis is strongly promoted by myeloid-derived lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECPs) derived from the bone marrow (BM). As BC recruits massive numbers of provascular myeloid cells, we hypothesized that M-LECPs, within this recruited population, are specifically programmed to promote tumor lymphatics that increase lymph node metastasis. In support of this hypothesis, high levels of M-LECPs were found in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of BC patients. Moreover, the density of M-LECPs and lymphatic vessels positive for myeloid marker proteins strongly correlated with patient node status. It was also established that tumor M-LECPs coexpress lymphatic-specific, stem/progenitor and M2-type macrophage markers that indicate their BM hematopoietic-myeloid origin and distinguish them from mature lymphatic endothelial cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphoid cells, and tissue-resident macrophages. Using four orthotopic BC models, we show that mouse M-LECPs are similarly recruited to tumors and integrate into preexisting lymphatics. Finally, we demonstrate that adoptive transfer of in vitro differentiated M-LECPs, but not naive or nondifferentiated BM cells, significantly increased metastatic burden in ipsilateral lymph nodes. These data support a causative role of BC-induced lymphatic progenitors in tumor lymphangiogenesis and suggest molecular targets for their inhibition.
Microbiome and cancer immunotherapy

Immunomodulation has become a promising and growing field of cancer research. Compelling results from a variety of studies provide strong evidence for the importance of commensal bacteria on oncologic outcomes and response to antitumor immunotherapies. The gut microbiome has emerged as a new prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Evaluation of the biomechanical stress in the neck and shoulders during augmented reality interactions

Abstract This study aimed to characterize the biomechanical stresses in the neck and shoulder, self-reported discomfort, and usability by different target distance or size during augmented reality (AR) interactions. In a repeated-measures laboratory-based study, 20 participants (10 males) performed three standardized AR tasks (3-dimensional (3-D) cube, omni-directional pointing, and web-browsing tasks) with three target distances (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m from each participant denoted by near, middle, far targets) for the 3-D cube and omni-directional pointing tasks or three target sizes: small (30% smaller than default), medium (default: 1.0 × 1.1 m), and large (30% larger than default) for the web-browsing task. Joint angle, joint moment, muscle activity, self-reported discomfort and comfort in the neck and shoulders; and subjective usability ratings were measured. The results showed that shoulder angle (flexion and abduction), shoulder moment (flexion), middle deltoid muscle activity significantly increased as the target distance increased during the 3-D cube task (p's
Independent director compensation, corruption, and monitoring

We find that independent directors in more corrupt countries receive greater pay. This relation could reflect outside directors in corrupt countries expropriating firm value, or it could reflect higher compensation for the additional effort required to lessen the negative effects of corruption. Acquirer acquisition announcement returns are lower in more corrupt countries, and this relation is mitigated by higher director pay. Higher director pay is also associated with greater sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance and moderates the negative effects of country‐level corruption on firm value. This evidence is consistent with higher director pay in corrupt countries incentivizing effort.
Equity lessons from a large scale private-sector healthcare intervention in Ghana and Kenya: Results for a multi-year qualitative study.

Background: The poor fall sick more frequently than the wealthy, and are less likely to seek care when they do. Private provision in many Low- and Middle-Income Countries makes up half or more of all outpatient care, including among poor paitents. Understanding the preferences of poor patients which impel them to choose private providers, and how 3 rd party payment influences these preferences, is important for policy makers considering expansion of national health insurance financing to advance Universal Health Coverage. This paper reports on the results of a qualitative evaluation of the African Health Markets for Equity intiative (AHME), a multi-year initiative in Ghana and Kenya to increase options and improve quality for outpatient services, especially for the poor. Methods: Interviews with patients from private clinics were conducted annually between 2013 and 2018. Field staff recruited women for exit interviews as they were leaving these clinics. In the final round of data collection (2018), interviewers screened patients for wealth quintile and selected one third of the sample (approximately 10 patients per country) that fell into the two lowest wealth quintiles (Q1 and Q2). Transcripts were coded using Atlas.ti and coded for analysis using an inductive, thematic approach. Results: We found four primary drivers of patient preferences for private clinics: convenience; efficiency and predictability , perceived higher quality , and empowerment which was derived from greater choice in where to go. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that more options will lead to more opportunities for treatment, and decrease the percentage of those, mostly poor, who become ill and go without care of any kind. This should be considered as a priority by policy makers seeking to make the best use of existing national infrastructure and expertise to assure equal health for all. In this way, private providers offer an opportunity to advance national goals.
Mechanical properties and microstructure of 316L stainless steel produced by hybrid manufacturing

Abstract Hybrid manufacturing is a combination of additive (deposition) and subtractive (machining) manufacturing in a single machine tool. Such a system can be used for near net shape manufacturing and component repair using either similar or dissimilar materials. Integrated into a single system, transition between additive and subtractive manufacturing can occur immediately and be leveraged to generate large components by alternating between the processes. This investigation shows how the interleaved capabilities can reduce overall cycle time by up to 68 %, improve average relative elongation to failure by 71 %, and reduce the average relative porosity fraction by 83 % when compared to traditional additive manufactured components. Results from this investigation builds the foundation needed for hybrid manufacturing to be applicable towards the manufacture of large complex components such as nosecones and marine propulsors.
Adding Affordances and Communication Efficacy to the Technology Acceptance Model to Study the Messaging Features of Online Patient Portals among Young Adults.

The use of messaging features within online patient portals could be beneficial to patients, but many patients do not utilize these features. Furthermore, it remains uncertain the reasons why patie...
Trends in digital newspaper discovery: a natural experiment

In this article, the discovery and use of digital newspaper collections are explored by capitalizing on a natural experiment that arose when five California State University libraries activated the...
Survival outcomes in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for metastatic small cell urothelial cancer (SCUC).

4543Background: The prognosis in patients with metastatic SCUC (mSCUC) remains poor with median survival around 1 year with systemic chemotherapy. We aimed to investigate the impact of ICI on survi...
Sibling relationships among U.S. citizen children of undocumented Mexican parents

Current U.S. immigration policies disproportionately impact Mexican-origin mixed-status families, yet few studies examine the consequences of immigration enforcement (e.g., immigration-related arrest and detention) and deportation on sibling dynamics. Given this gap, this study focuses on the experiences and changes within sibling relationships in the aftermath of parental detention and deportation. We analyzed a subsample of 20 citizen children interviews (7 sibling dyads; 2 sibling triads) from a multi-site binational study that examined the psychosocial functioning of U.S. citizen children with undocumented Mexican parents. Using inductive thematic analysis, we explored the roles and functional importance of sibling relationships before and after experiences of parents' detention and deportation. Our findings suggest that prior to detention or deportation experiences, sibling relationships were described as "normal." After these experiences, however, sibling relationships changed and developed protective adaptations, including more open communication about their experiences and the assumption of caregiving roles. In cases where deportation did not occur, there still existed the threat of future immigration-related action, which contributed to fear and an inability to share feelings and experiences among siblings. Our findings suggest that sibling relationships might serve as an important locus of stability and protection. Yet, adaptive communication may not emerge as long as the threat of apprehension, detention, and deportation exists.
Quality control for the geophone reorientation of ocean bottom seismic data using k-means clustering

ABSTRACT During ocean bottom seismic acquisition, seafloor multicomponent geophones located in rugose and sloping water bottom can be affected by skewed energy distribution, such as leaked shear energy on the vertical geophones and leaked compressional energy on the horizontal geophones. To correct for the tilted energy distribution, which is one of most effective preprocessing steps, a geophone reorientation step is applied. This is a simple and straightforward process that applies a 3‐dimensional rotation matrix with respect to the orientation angles. Since the reorientation process highly affects the outcome of the entire data processing workflow, it has to be accompanied by a careful quality control process to verify its validity for the whole survey area. In this study, we propose a quality control workflow for the geophone reorientation by using unsupervised machine learning. A correlation analysis is employed to compare numerical versus analytical solutions of both the azimuth and the incidence angles for the direct arrivals. A comparison of both solutions aims to generate correlation coefficients that are indicative of the accuracy of geophone orientation. The correlation coefficients are subsequently investigated by the k‐means clustering algorithm to differentiate and identify normally and abnormally deployed/reoriented geophones. Numerical experiments on a field ocean bottom seismic data set confirm that the proposed workflow effectively provides reliable labels for normally and abnormally deployed/reoriented geophones. The labelling assigned by the proposed quality control workflow is a suitable indicator for abnormalities in the geophone reorientation step and will be helpful for further investigation, such as re‐correction or removal of abnormally reoriented geophones.
Innu-aimun plurality

There is an ongoing debate about the syntax and semantics of plurality. On one end of the spectrum, Borer and Ouwayda (2010) argue that all (true) plurality resides in Div and provides atomic structure to the noun; any other non-Div plurality does not provide any semantic content. On the other end, Butler (2012) argues that plurality can occur in multiple positions (including adjoined to DP), and each may be associated with different semantics. Intermediate positions suggest that there are two or three different types of plural that occupy different positions (Acquaviva, 2008; Harbour, 2008, 2011; Alexiadou, 2010; Mathieu, 2012a,b, 2013, 2014). In this paper, I show that there are two different types of plural in Innu-aimun (Algonquian): a counting plural (following Mathieu, 2013, 2014) and a lexical plural (following Acquaviva, 2008; Alexiadou, 2010).
Numerical Methods for the Simulation of Quantum Devices Using the Wigner Function Approach

We discuss some aspects of the numerical solution of the pseudo differential equation describing the time evolution of the Wigner distribution function including the discretization of the transport operator and the choice of boundary conditions.
Telesupervision and ASHA's Tasks of Supervision

High quality clinical supervision is important for both student education and continued professional growth within the field of speech-language pathology. Face-to-face supervision is the traditional mode of supervision; however, with advances in technology, telesupervision or e-supervision, has been used to support graduate student clinicians and clinical fellows. This article provides an overview of clinical supervision with a focus on telesupervision and ASHA's thirteen tasks of supervision. The authors discuss literature from allied health professions in relation to the thirteen tasks of supervision to support a hybrid model of supervision.
United States Adults Meeting 2010 American College of Rheumatology Criteria for Treatment and Prevention of Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis

Objective The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) updated its guidelines on the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) in 2010. An unknown proportion of US adults at risk of fracture due to glucocorticoid use would be recommended antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical (AOP) therapies based on the ACR guidelines. Methods Using the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for postmenopausal women (PMW), and men age ≥50 years reporting current glucocorticoid use, we categorized individuals according to ACR criteria for low, medium, and high fracture risk (<10%, ≥10%, and ≥20%, respectively) and provided percentages of treatment recommendations for chronic (≥90 days) medium and all high-risk patients. Results Glucocorticoids were used by 1.66% of PMW and 1.65% of men age ≥50 years. Of these patients, 0.80% of PMW and 0.45% of men age ≥50 years were at high risk of fracture. A majority of PMW (81.2%) and men age ≥50 years (75.8%) were chronic glucocorticoid users. In patients for whom treatment recommendations could be made, 64.9% of PMW and 51.9% of men age ≥50 years would be recommended therapy, but only 28.4% of PMW and 9.7% of men age ≥50 years reported AOP use. Conclusion Based on the NHANES (2005–2010) data, we estimate glucocorticoid use in >1.5 million US PMW and men age ≥50 years. Treatment would be recommended in at least 50% of this population based on the 2010 ACR guidelines. Self-reported AOP use was documented in <30%, suggesting a treatment gap in the management of GIO in the US before the guideline release.
ESTIMATES OF CAR-FOLLOWING DISTANCES ON THREE TYPES OF TWO- LANED ROADS

A study was conducted to test the ability of subjects to estimate four different car-following distances on three types of two-laned roads: segmented-lined, solid-lined, or unlined. Car-following distances were underestimated more on segmented-lined roads than on unlined roads and more on unlined roads than on solid-lined roads. This finding indicates that the type of cues offered by roads affect drivers' judgement on those roads. It is proposed that the effect of highway delineations on driver skills be determined so that maximum safety for the driving population can be assured in the design of highways. /Author/
1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of prostate cancer: Biomarkers for tumor characterization

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) permits a non-invasive assessment of metabolites in the prostate gland. This article reviews the assessment of choline-containing compounds, citrate, and polyamines as markers for prostate tumor detection and aggressiveness.
SOCIAL TIES AND CRIME: IS THE RELATIONSHIP GENDERED?*

A fundamental concept in the systemic model of social disorganization theory has been the social ties among neighbors. Theoretically, social ties among neighbors provide the foundation from which the potential for informal social control can develop. Recent research, however, has shown that not all social ties are equally effective in producing informal social control and decreasing crime rates. Warner and Rountree (1997) have shown that the neighborhood context in which ties occur is related to their crime-fighting effectiveness, and Bellair (1997) has shown that frequent ties are not necessarily the most effective ties. Further examination of the crime-control effectiveness of specific patterns and placements of social ties, therefore, seems a fruitful path to pursue. For example, no research to date has examined potential demographic differences in the effectiveness of ties. This study begins exploration in this area by examining the extent to which the effectiveness of ties in decreasing crime is related to the gendered nature and context of those ties. Using data from 100 Seattle neighborhoods, we find that although women and men display similar levels of local social ties, the effects of these gender-specific ties on crime are different. In particular, female social ties are more effective in controlling crime, particularly in the community-level gendered context of few female-headed households.
A Silver(I)–Gold(II) Hexanuclear Guanidinate–Benzoate Cluster with Short Au–Au Bonds

Attempts to remove the halide atoms from [Au2(hpp)2Cl2], 1, Hhpp = 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine, with Ag(I) benzoate lead to the formation of the Au(I)–Ag(I) product, [(PhCOO)2Au4(hpp)4Ag2(PhCOO)4], 2. This material is stable to air and light at room temperature and shows a UV–vis spectrum in THF with absorbances at 575, 440, 345, and 273 nm. The mixed metal product crystallizes as green crystals in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The Au–Au distances of 2.4473(19) A are the shortest gold–gold distances reported to date. The gold···silver distance is 3.344(3) A and the silver···silver distance is 2.771(6) A. This latter distance is short compared with the Ag···Ag distance of 2.902(3) A in the eight-membered silver benzoate dimer starting material. The Au(II) hpp and Ag(I) benzoate components are linked by carboxylate groups and two gold-silver interactions. This result stands in structural contrast to terminal carboxylate products observed with Au(II) ylides and amidinates wherein the carboxylate is not bridging to another metal atom. Three equivalents of silver benzoate react with [Au2(hpp)2Cl2], 1, Hhpp = 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine, to form the gold(II)-silver(I) product, 2, [(PhCOO)2Au4(hpp)4Ag2(PhCOO)4]. The gold–gold distance of 2.4473(19) A is the shortest gold–gold distance reported to date. The gold–silver distance is 3.344(3) A and the silver–silver distance is 2.771(6) A.
Automated Stokesmetric imaging laser radar system

We report the design and implementation of a high-speed, automated laser radar (ladar) system with sensitivity enhanced by a polarimetric imaging technique. This ladar is able to analyze the Stokes vector of the reflected light from a target at video-rate. With a polarization state generator and a polarization state analyzer, the system is capable of performing a complete Mueller matrix imaging of the scene under observation. This polarization-sensitive ladar (pladar) is applied to various scenes and found to yield the ability to detect information that is indiscernible to a conventional, intensity-based ladar.
A DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC THIOLS

Abstract Heterocyclic thiols (thiones) are conveniently synthesized in good yields by the reaction of heterocyclic halides with sodium thiosulfate. The reaction requires the presence of acid, either added or liberated during the reaction, to hydrolyze the intermediate thiosulfate to thiol.
Relaxation shift in rocks containing viscoelastic pore fluids

ABSTRACTThe interaction of pore stiffness with pore fluid moduli leads to shifts in viscoelastic relaxation times of the overall rock relative to those of the fluids alone. Crack-based and fluid substitution models indicate that stiff pores cause little shift, whereas thin, soft cracks can shift relaxation times by several orders of magnitude toward lower frequencies (longer relaxation times). Pore stiffness also causes a shift in apparent temperature dependence of rock viscoelasticity toward higher temperatures when cracks are present. As with more conventional fluid substitution problems, quantifying the effects of pore fluids on rock properties requires information about the crack and pore stiffness distributions in addition to the complex moduli and viscosity of the pure fluid.
Numerical computation of 9-j symbols

A formula for the algebraic calculation of a general 9-j symbol is compared numerically with a formula using a summation over the triple products of 6-j symbols. The latter is found to be more advantageous computationally.
Fertility of doubled monoploids ofSolanum phureja

Thirteen anther-derived doubled monoploids and their heterozygous diploid anther donor were evaluated in the greenhouse for flowering, fruit set, seed set and pollen fertility. Doubled monoploids varied for number of days to flower, duration of flowering, abundance of flowers and general flower quality. Fruit set on the doubled monoploids in controlled crosses with diploid male-fertile clones varied from 0 to 73% with a mean of 33% compared to the anther donor with 58%. Seed set varied from 9 to 210 seeds per fruit and was significantly lower than the anther donor (377 seeds/fruit). Five doubled monoploids that shed low quantities of pollen exhibited significantly less pollen stainability (10-30%) than the anther donor (88%). However, pollen of doubled monoploids did not germinatein vitro. 2n pollen frequencies of 20–55% were observed for the doubled monoploids compared with 22% for the anther donor. It was concluded that doubled monoploids had lower female fertility compared to the anther donor but that they produced sufficient seed to facilitate utilization in a breeding program as female parents. However, they were considered to be male-sterile for practical purposes.