cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Critical Load Factors in Two-Processor Distributed Systems

In a two-processor distributed computer network, prior research showed that a maximum flow algorithm can be used to find optimal program-module-to-processor assignments to maximize the performance of distributed programs. This paper examines the sequence of optimal assignments found as the load on one processor is held fixed and the load on the other is varied. For every program module M there exists a critical load factor fM such that when the load on the processor with variable load is below fM, M is assigned to that processor by an optimal assignment, and is otherwise assigned to the other processor. This characteristic opens the possibility of doing optimal dynamic assignments in real-time.
Dual-amplitude analysis of two-particle productions. II☆

Abstract We present the analysis of the two-particle distribution function for the process a + b → x1 + x2 + anything at high energy using the dual-resonance model. The distribution functions for all the kinematic regions are explicitly shown to have the expected variable dependence. In the uncorrelated pionization and the double fragmentation (this includes the ditriple Regge limit) regions, the distribution functions are factorized into the product of the corresponding single-particle distributions. We point out that to obtain the factorization requires nontrivial treatment of the singularities and the kinematic relations. The correlation effects in the pionization region are studied in detail. The transition from the correlated pionization to the uncorrelated pionization regions reveals that the correlation length in the relative rapidity y is of the order 1. For fixed y, the two-particle distribution exhibits the gross exponential cutoff behavior ƒ 12 ∼ exp [−4(p 1 ⊥2 +p 2 ⊥2 +2p 1 ⊥ p 2 ⊥ cos η)] where β depends on y and the relative azimuthal angle between the two transverse momenta.
Use of Historical and Geospatial Data to Guide the Restoration of a Lake Erie Coastal Marsh

Historical and geospatial data were used to identify the relationships between water levels, wetland vegetation, littoral drift of sediments, and the condition of a protective barrier beach at Metzger Marsh, a coastal wetland in western Lake Erie, to enhance and guide a joint federal and state wetland restoration project. Eleven sets of large-scale aerial photographs dating from 1940 through 1994 were interpreted to delineate major vegetation types and boundaries of the barrier beach. A geographic information system (GIS) was then used to digitize the data and talculate the vegetated area and length of barrier beach. Supplemented by paleoecological and sedimentological analyses, aerial photographic interpretation revealed that Metzger Marsh was once a drowned-river-mouth wetland dominated by sedges and protected by a sand barrier beach. Extremely high water levels, storm events, and reduction of sediments in the littoral drift contributed to the complete destruction of the barrier beach in 1973 and prevented its recovery. The extent of wetland vegetation, correlated to water levels and condition of the barrier beach, decreased from a high of 108 ha in 1940 to a low of 33 ha in 1994. The lack of an adequate sediment supply and low probability of a period of extremely low lake levels in the near future made natural reestablishment of the barrier beach and wetland vegetation unlikely. Therefore, the federal and state managers chose to construct a dike to replace the protective barrier beach. Recommendations stemming from this historical analysis, however, resulted in the incorporation of a water-control structure in the dike that will retain a hydrologic connection between wetland and lake. Management of the wetland will seek to mimic processes natural to the wetland type identified by this analysis.
The identification and quantitation of triamterene in blood and urine from a fatal aircraft accident victim

Triamterene, a diuretic drug used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of hypertension, was found in the blood and urine of a fatal aircraft accident victim. The extraction and identification of triamterene is difficult. It exhibits poor extraction efficiency using some standard base-extraction procedures, and the parent drug is unsuitable for analysis using gas chromatography. In this case, a thin-layer chromatography solvent system and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to identify and quantitate triamterene in blood and urine. Triamterene is a strong absorber in the ultraviolet region and has an unusual UV spectrum, which simplifies the identification and quantitation of this substance by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Currency Swaps As a Long-Term International Financing Technique

This paper provides a theoretical framework to evaluate the currency swap transactions initiated by the World Bank in 1981 to obtain long-term funds in low-interest German marks and Swiss francs in exchange for high-interest dollar loans. Unique in its concept as a combination of a traditional currency swap and a debt swap, this new technique is found to provide different sets of financial incentives to the swap participants. On one side, a participant can minimize his “effective” long-term borrowing cost while avoiding the risk of potential market saturation. On the other side, his counterpart can lock up the accumulated book value gain resulting from the favorable exchange rate and interest rate changes since his earlier foreign currency borrowing and at the same time can accomplish long-term exposure coverage not commonly available in the foreign exchange market.
Improving eyewitness recall for licence plates

Two methods for maximizing the completeness and accuracy of eyewitness recall for licence plates were evaluated in this research: (1) asking questions derived from generally accepted principles of memory retrieval enhancement (Geiselman, Fisher, Firstenberg, Hutton, Sullivan, Avetissian and Prosk, 1984; Geiselman, Fisher, MacKinnon and Holland, 1985, 1986) and (2) providing subjects with a licence plate simulation device to view and interchange alphanumeric characters. Undergraduate subjects viewed a series of slides portraying a young man, placing a television set in a car and driving down the street. With a seven-character California plate in Experiment 1 (n = 151), subjects in the condition with the simulation device and cognitive interviewing had a significant 22 per cent increase in correct licence plate recall. The results were replicated in Experiment 2 (n = 108) with an 18 per cent increase in correct information using a six-character plate. Errors appeared to be those letters adjacent in the alphabet to the licence plate letters.
Nonstationarity in paired-associate learning as indicated by a second guess procedure

Abstract Recent models for simple learning based on an all-or-none concept of the learning process have received extensive experimental support. Analyses of the results of tests of such models have centered upon stationarity considerations, and analyses of behavior prior to the last error have, under some circumstances, supported the stationarity implied by such models. In the following study a second guess method was employed in which subjects were asked, whenever they made an erroneous response, to make a second choice; under these conditions a simple all-or-none model implies stationarity. The results of the study are not consistent with a simple all-or-none model and alternative models are suggested which may go further in accounting for the results obtained.
Artificial Swarm System: Boundedness, Convergence, and Control

An artificial swarm system consisting of multiagents is considered in this paper. The agents may interact with each other based on their relative position. Each agent exhibits a repulsion/attraction behavior toward another agent, which mimics some biological swarm systems. The performance of each individual agent is the accumulation of these respective considerations toward other agents. The overall performance of the swarm system is analyzed, which includes uniform boundedness, uniform ultimate boundedness, and convergence. This mimics aggregation and formation in biological systems. The control design for each agent toward achieving the performance is then proposed. The control is a mimic of nature’s strategy in constraining mechanical systems.
Co-current introgression of economically important traits in a potato-breeding program

Wild potato species contain many traits of economic importance. Late blight (LB) resistance and cold chipping are traits desired in potato cultivars. These traits could be co-currently introgressed if they occurred together in wild potato species. Our research objectives were (1) to determine if variation for cold chipping exists between potato species, accessions within species, and plants within accessions all having foliar LB resistance, and (2) to identify wild potato genotypes combining LB resistance and cold chipping. Materials include 665 genotypes from 43 LB-resistant accessions of 12 potato species having Endosperm Balance Numbers (EBN) of 1, 2, and 4, and 59 LB-resistant genotypes retained from these accessions for breeding. Potato chips were made from greenhouse-grown tubers following storage at 4 C for 6 months. Chip color was scored 1–10, ≤ 4 is acceptable by industry standards. Most of the variation for chip color was due to differences between species. Species ranged in the percentage of acceptably chipping genotypes (0% – 67%) with nine of 12 species having cold-chipping genotypes. Appreciable variation was present within accessions as well. The best chipping accessions wereS. verrucosum plant introduction (PI) 161173 – 4.33 / 0.67 (mean / proportion acceptable genotypes),S. stoloniferum PI 250510 -4.36 / 0.64,S. pinnatisectum PI 347766 -4.65 / 0.35 and 275233 -4.73 / 0.44, andS. megistacrolobum PI 195210 -5.14 / 0.29. Eleven 1EBN genotypes fromS. pinnatisectum andS. trifidum and five 2EBN genotypes fromS. verrucosum, S. fendleri,S. stoloniferum, andS. microdontum were identified that combined LB resistance and cold chipping. Co-current introgression would require fewer breeding cycles than other breeding methods to identify hybrid genotypes possessing both traits.
Diffuse Scattering of X-Rays from Sylvine. IV. Scattering at High Temperatures

Effect of temperature on the diffuse scattering of Mo $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ radiation from sylvine.---Intensity measurements have been carried out at 630\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 1020\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K which is about as close to the melting point (1049\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) as it is feasible to work. It is again found that the results are in good agreement with the formula $S=\frac{({f}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{F}^{2})}{Z}+\frac{(1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{f}^{2}}{{Z}^{2}})}{{(1+\ensuremath{\alpha} \mathrm{vers} \ensuremath{\varphi})}^{3}}$ provided experimental values of $F$ are used rather than assuming $F=f{e}^{\ensuremath{-}M}$ where $M$ is given by the Debye-Waller formula.
Disparate parenting and step-parenting with siblings in the post-divorce family: Report from a 10-year longitudinal study

A longitudinal study of divorced families shows widely discrepant psychological adjustment among siblings along with disparate relationships with parents and stepparents in one half of the families at the 10 year follow up. These differences in sibling adjustment and parent-child relationships were not evident at the divorce assessment. This instability in many parent-child relationships following divorce and remarriage challenges the view of divorce as an acute time-limited crisis for children and court policy that assumes that parent-child relationships at divorce will remain relatively unchanged over the years that follow. Findings also show the power of remarriage to reshape parenting styles of biological parents. (author abstract)
K-nucleon interactions and Y 1 * -resonance

A theoretical method is given for distinguishing between Watson’s two sets of zero effective-range -KN scattering parameter solutions, called solutionA and solutionB, which fit the K--p data quite well in the K--laboratory momentum range of (350/450) MeV/c. These two sets of solutions, which are quite similar in both the s- and d-waves but differ considerably in p-wave, are combined with the parameters, obtained by requiring Y1*-resonance at {dy1385} MeV with width 50 MeV as an I=1, p3÷2-wave, bound state of the -K-nucleon system, so as to give two new sets of energy-dependent -KN scattering parameters in I=1, p3÷2-state. It is found that the zero effective-range expansion forp-wnre -KN phase shift and the scattering parameters of Watson’s solutionB are inconsistent with the requirements of causality and of the positive deflniteness of transition probabilities.
Mucosal sensitization to German cockroach involves protease-activated receptor-2

Background Allergic asthma is on the rise in developed countries. A common characteristic of allergens is that they contain intrinsic protease activity, and many have been shown to activate protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 in vitro. The role for PAR-2 in mediating allergic airway inflammation has not been assessed using a real world allergen.
Object detection in noisy images

Scale-space representation is a topic of active research in computer vision. Several researchers have studied the behavior of signals in the scale-space domain and how a signal can be reconstructed from its scale-space. However, not much work has been done on the signal detection problem, i.e. detecting the presence or absence of signal models from a given scale-space representation. In this paper we propose a model-based object detection algorithm for separating the objects from the background in the scale-space domain. There are a number of unresolved issues, some of which are discussed here. The algorithm is used to detect an infrared image of a tank in a noisy background. The performance of a multiscale approach is compared with that of a single scale approach by using a synthetic image and adding controlled amounts of noise. A synthetic image of randomly placed blobs of different sizes is used as the clean image. Two classes of noisy images arc considered. The first class is obtained by adding clutter (i.e. colored noise) and the second class by adding an equivalent amount of white noise. The multiscale and single scale algorithms are applied to delect the blobs, and performance indices such as number of detections, number of false alarms, delocalization errors etc. are computed. The results indicate that (i) the multiscale approach is better than the single scale approach and (ii) the degradation in performance is greater with clutter than with white noise.
Rapid gas chromatographic procedure for the determination of topiramate in serum.

A rapid gas chromatographic method for the routine determination in serum of the new anticonvulsant drug topiramate (Topamax | (TOP) is described. The method involves extracting 0.50 mL of sample, previously adjusted to pH 9.5 with saturated borate buffer with ethyl acetate. One-microliter aliquots of the extract were injected into a 10-m x 0.53-ram i.d. x 0.5-pro 100% methyl silicone megabore capillary column connected to a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The column temperature was initially at 170~ for 0.1 rain, then programmed at 10~ to 240~ then 20~ to 280~ for 0.5 rain. Under these conditions of the assay, the retention times of TOP and mepivicaine, internal standard, were 4.0 and 3.4 min, respectively. Quantitative determinations were performed with peak-height ratios of TOP to the internal standard. Calibration curves were linear from 2.5 to 150 mg/L TOP. The assay had a limit of quantitation of 2.5 mg/L. The overall within-run precision of the method yielded coefficients of variation (CV) of 3.9% at 10 mg/L (n = 10) and 3.1% at 100 rag//(n = 10). The overall between-run precision calculated by three determinations
Performance Improvement Paths in the U.S. Airline Industry: Linking Trade-offs to Asset Frontiers

Several articles have been written during the past few years examining performance improvement paths and various forms of efficiency frontiers in operations strategy. These articles focus primarily on defining and describing these frontiers and raise questions concerning how to improve operations. In this paper, we provide one of the first empirical studies aimed at validating these earlier studies. Using a database on the 10 largest U.S. airlines for a period of 11 years, we test and validate some of the models presented in the operations literature. The 10 major airlines are separated into 2 groups for analysis: geographic specialists and geographic generalists. Our analysis shows that better performing airlines (in terms of cost-quality position) in both groups confirm the predictions of the sand cone model when operating further away from their asset frontiers, although trade-offs do occur when operating close to asset frontiers.
Consumption and Asset Allocation with Unknown Income Growth

I study the agent’s optimal consumption-saving and portfolio choice decisions when he cannot fully insure his income shocks and does not know his income growth rate. I show that the agent rationally saves for precaution against the risk of estimating his income growth, in addition to his standard precautionary saving demand induced by income volatility. I then extend the analysis to allow for the agent’s unknown growth rate to be stochastic. Finally, I generalize the model to allow the agent to trade risky assets to hedge against both his income risk and estimation risk. A more volatile and noisier underlying income process gives rise to a less volatile belief updating process. Hence, estimation risk (due to stochastic belief updating) is lower, and the implied hedging demand against estimation risk is smaller. The agent’s total hedging demand is thus non-monotonic in his income volatility because estimation risk decreases with income volatility, ceteris paribus.
Dehydrated Sweet Potatoes—their Feeding Value and Digestibility

Summary 1.Dehydrated sweet potatoes made from whole tubers were palatable, while a poor quality product made from culled, bruised, and sectioned potatoes was slightly unpalatable. 2.Feeding trials have shown that dehydrated sweet potatoes have approximately 88 per cent the value of yellow corn meal, and are approximately 17 per cent more valuable than ground snapped corn, including cob and shuck, for milk production. 3.Digestion trials have shown that good quality dehydrated sweet potatoes contained from 76 to 81 per cent T.D.N., while a poor quality product contained 71 per cent T.D.N. on the dry basis. 4.Dehydrated sweet potatoes are of value in the dairy ration, not only because of the high digestibility of their carbohydrate, but also because of their high carotene content, which increases the vitamin A value of the butterfat.
Selection of behavioral parameters: integration of discontinuous switching via case-based reasoning with continuous adaptation via learning momentum

This paper studies the effects of the integration of two learning algorithms, case-base reasoning (CBR) and learning momentum (LM), for the selection of behavioral parameters in real-time for robotic navigational tasks. Use of CBR methodology in the selection of behavioral parameters has already shown significant improvement in robot performance as measured by mission completion time and success rate. It has also made unnecessary the manual configuration of behavioral parameters from a user. However, the choice of the library of CBR cases does affect the robot performance, and choosing the right library sometimes is a difficult task especially when working with a real robot. In contrast, learning momentum does not depend on any prior information such as cases and searches for the "right" parameters in real-time. This results in high mission success rates and requires no manual configuration of parameters, but it shows no improvement in mission completion time. This work combines the two approaches so that CBR discontinuously switches behavioral parameters based on given cases whereas LM uses these parameters as a starting point for the real-time search for the "right" parameters. The integrated system was extensively evaluated on both simulated and physical robots. The tests showed that on simulated robots the integrated system performed as well as the CBR only system and outperformed the LM only system, whereas on real robots it significantly outperformed both CBR only and LM only systems.
Identification, Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of the Gene for Plasmodium knowlesi Surface Protein Containing an Altered Thrombospondin Repeat Domain

Proteins present on the surface of malaria parasites that participate in the process of invasion and adhesion to host cells are considered attractive vaccine targets. Aided by the availability of the partially completed genome sequence of the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi, we have identified a 786-bp DNA sequence that encodes a 262-amino-acid-long protein, containing an altered version of the thrombospondin type I repeat domain (SPATR). Thrombospondin type 1 repeat domains participate in biologically diverse functions, such as cell attachment, mobility, proliferation, and extracellular protease activities. The SPATR from P. knowlesi (PkSPATR) shares 61% and 58% sequence identity with its Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii orthologs, respectively. By immunofluorescence analysis, we determined that PkSPATR is a multistage antigen that is expressed on the surface of P. knowlesi sporozoite and erythrocytic stage parasites. Recombinant PkSPATR produced in Escherichia coli binds to a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, suggesting that PkSPATR is a parasite ligand that could be involved in sporozoite invasion of liver cells. Furthermore, recombinant PkSPATR reacted with pooled sera from P. knowlesi-infected rhesus monkeys, indicating that native PkSPATR is immunogenic during infection. Further efficacy evaluation studies in the P. knowlesi-rhesus monkey sporozoite challenge model will help to decide whether the SPATR molecule should be developed as a vaccine against human malarias.
Self-optimizing control

Self-optimizing control problems arise in applications where the desired task is implicitly specified as an optimization of an objective function which could be a function of the unknown plant. The control objective therefore involves the explicit determination of both the optimal task and the control action to achieve that task. The difficulty with this problem lies in the conflict between the needs to identify the optimal task and to control the plant to achieve it. The proposed solution combines a reference generator and an adaptive controller. The reference generator, which provides the task to be executed by the adaptive controller, time multiplexes a training task to enable the system parameters to be identified, and an estimated optimal task. Switching is done in a manner that the training task becomes infrequently selected as the estimate for the optimal task improves.
Human mesenchymal stem cells express vascular cell phenotypes upon interaction with endothelial cell matrix

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to occupy a perivascular niche where they are exposed to signals originating from vascular cells. This study focused on the effects of endothelial cell (EC)-derived signals on MSC differentiation toward vascular cell lineages. Upon co-culture with two types of ECs, macrovascular (macro) ECs and microvascular (micro) ECs, the former caused MSCs to increase expression of both EC and smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, while the latter induced expression of EC markers only. These marker changes in MSCs were linked to the extracellular matrixes secreted by the ECs (EC-matrix) rather than soluble EC-secreted factors. Beyond enhanced marker expression, EC-matrix also induced functional changes in MSCs indicative of development of a genuine vascular cell phenotype. These included enhanced incorporation into vessels and cytoskeletal localization of vascular SMC-specific contractile elements. The bioactivity of EC-matrix was sensitive to EDTA washes and required sulfated glycosaminoglycans. However, neither soluble VEGF nor substrate surfaces coated with fibronectin, collagen type IV, or laminin recreated the effects of EC-matrix on MSC vascular differentiation. In conclusion, these results identified EC-matrix as a critical regulator of vascular cell differentiation of MSCs. Elucidating these MSC-EC-matrix interactions and identifying the specific EC-matrix components involved will shed light on the perivascular signals seen by MSCs in vivo.
Evaluation of cleanings to maintain oak forests on the Allegheny National Forest

Ten-year results for an administrative study on the Allegheny National Forest (ANF) that examined their cleaning (precommercial thinning) prescriptions and standards for success in maintaining oak (Quercus spp.) composition in young stands and maintaining oak stems in a competitive position are presented. Two studies were installed. One study was in a 25- to 30-year-old stand where we released intermediate and suppressed oak species, in particular white oak (Quercus alba), to see if they would survive and improve in crown class. The other study was installed in two 16-year-old stands where cleanings using crown-touching crop-tree release treatments were done, with untreated control plots reserved. A total of eight treated and eight control plots in two stands were examined. In the first study, mortality of white oaks in the lower canopy (intermediate or overtopped) was 83 and 39% in control versus treated areas, respectively. The cleaning treatments were successful in keeping trees alive, but crown vigor declined and no trees increased in crown class. In the second study, the mortality of crop trees was 15 and 2% in control versus treated stands, respectively. The proportion (number of stems) of crop trees of all species in the upper canopy (dominant or codominant) dropped 22% versus 1% for control versus treated trees over the 10 years. Stand-level oak composition in control stands was 11.3% of basal area after 10 years (11.7% initially). In treated stands, it was 18.3% of basal area after 10 years (10.7% initially), a 71% increase in oak. The treatments successfully increased survival, growth, and composition of oak.
Primary Care Coordination for Children With Special Needs

It is well documented in the literature that lack of care coordination and communication among health care professionals contributes to duplicative and inadequate health care, inefficiencies, patient dissatisfaction and stress, decreased safety, and increased cost.
EMANCIPATION IN THE INDUSTRIAL AGE: TECHNOLOGY, RATIONALITY, AND THE COLD WAR IN HABERMAS’S EARLY EPISTEMOLOGY AND SOCIAL THEORY*

In his 1968 essay “Technology and Science as ‘Ideology’,” Jurgen Habermas deals more explicitly than in other works with phenomena related to modern technology and science.1 He is well known for his social theory, legal theory, and theories of subjectivity and intersubjectivity, and has been a major figure in the intellectual history of modern Europe due to the twin role he has played as both a voice and a representative of the political and philosophical movements of postwar and post-Holocaust West Germany. Exploring the role of technology in his thinking brings into focus technology's ambiguous status in critical social theory as well as the general relationship between intellectual history and the history of technology. The disturbingly open-ended question whether technology is modernity's blessing or its curse has mobilized critics and commentators at least since the Industrial Revolution and has divided them at political, epistemic, and moral levels. Habermas's project sits in the middle of such traditions, and his 1968 essay “updates” long-standing concerns about industrial modernity for the specific technological, philosophical, and political conditions of the early Cold War. Intersections between technology and his signature fields—intersections that he has both forged and contributed to—are found in political theories of technology and democracy (in the forms, for example, of technocracy and technological determinism), epistemologies of scientific knowledge and their relevance for theories of the reasonable subject and of knowledge communities, and theories of secularization and modern state-building.2
The discrete Zak transform application to time-frequency analysis and synthesis of nonstationary signals

Algorithms to compute coefficients of the finite double sum expansion of time-varying nonstationary signals and to synthesize them from a finite number of expansion coefficients are presented. The algorithms are based on the computation of the discrete Zak transform (DZT). Fast algorithms to compute DZT are presented. Modifications to the algorithms which increase robustness are given. >
System level ASIC design for Hewlett-Packard's low cost PA-RISC workstations

The system architecture of a low cost PA-RISC workstation is described. This architecture is implemented in Hewlett-Packard's 9000 series 700 workstations. High performance and low cost are achieved through careful system partitioning and appropriate application of integration. The system design involved the development of four ASICs: a memory I/O system controller, a mixing buffer chip, a DRAM address decoder/buffer chip, and a controller for the built-in I/O functions. The system architecture is optimized to maximize performance for workstation workloads which include an emphasis on raw CPU performance, graphics, and I/O throughput. >
Texas School Laws and Public Education in East Texas: The Beginnings of Public Schools in Henderson County, Texas, 1854-1868

of Henderson County Teachers' Tabular Statements 28 Teacher Amount Received Amount Received Total For Paying For Indigent Amount Patrons Students Received R.B. Lewis 3.125 9,50 12.625 D.W. Tate 4.585 26.42 31.005 A.J. Connor 3.51 10 13.51 J. Tanner 9.485 37.10 46.585 John Goodgame 5.30 37.10 42.40 M.e. Howard 4.765 22.80 27.565 W.Price 4.765 37.25 42.015* W.C. Henley 4.91 ° 4.91 M.L.Kerr 23.10 151.69 174.79* RB. Martin 5.485 17.00 22.485 J. Tidwell 4.495 18.455 22.95* T.M. McDonald 10.66 25.60 36.26. Oliver Scotl 29.48 45.50 74.98* A.1. Fowler 4.68 36.30 40.98* L.H. Reed 26.22 27.50 53.72 Helen Wood 4.875 47.47 52.345 J.F. McMorris 3.435 15.05 18.485 W.C. Dunnbar 3.435 8.10 11.535* S.E. Webb 7.015 0 7.015* Ed. Guthrey 6,495 16.90 23.395 EAST TEXAS HISTORlCAL ASSOCIATION 33 Teacher Amount Received Amount Received Total For Paying For Indigent Amount Patron~ Students Received Morsilas Lott 4.53 32.60 37.13** Elen Spencer 0 50.005 50.005* Andrew Morehead 1.19 0 1.19** David A. Henderson 2.265 0 2.265** M,A. Lewis 50.79 0 50.79** TOTALS 228.595 672.34 900.935 Aggregate reports were found in the Commissioners' Court Minutes,
Quasiparticle And Optical Excitations In Solids and Clusters

In the last decades much progress has been achieved in the description of the electronic structure of real materials from first principles. Density-functional theory (DFT) has proven to be a very powerful tool in investigating the electronic ground state and determining the atomic structure of condensed matter. 1,2 The evaluation of the DFT within the local-density approximation (LDA) or the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation energy, and the use of powerful computers, allow for a highly efficient treatment of up to hundreds of atoms.
Recent charge-breeding developments with EBIS/T devices (invited)

Short breeding times, narrow charge state distributions, low background, high efficiency, and the flexible time structure of the ejected low-emittance ion pulses are among the most attractive features of electron beam ion source or trap (EBIS/T) based charge breeders. Significant progress has been made to further improve these properties: Several groups are working to increase current densities towards 10(3) or even 10(4) A/cm(2). These current densities will become necessary to deliver high charge states of heavy nuclei in a short time and/or provide sufficient space-charge capacity to handle high-current ion beams in next-generation rare-isotope beam (RIB) facilities. Efficient capture of continuous beams, attractive because of its potential of handling highest-current ion beams, has become possible with the development of high-density electron beams of >1 A. Requests for the time structure of the charge bred ion pulse range from ultra-short pulses to quasi-continuous beams. Progress is being made on both ends of this spectrum, by either dividing the extracted charge in many pulse-lets, adjusting the extraction potential for a near-uniform long pulse, or adding dedicated devices to spread the ion bunches delivered from the EBIS/T in time. Advances in EBIS/T charge state breeding are summarized, including recent results with NSCL's ReA EBIS/T charge breeder.
Converting perennial legumes to organic cropland without tillage

Organic producers are interested in developing a no-till system for crop production. In this study, we examined management tactics to convert perennial legumes to annual crops without tillage. Our hypothesis was that reducing carbohydrate production in the fall by mowing would favor winterkill. Mowing treatments were imposed in the fall of the third year of alfalfa or red clover, and corn planted in year 4. The conventional practice of tillage to convert legumes to cropland was also included as a treatment. Mowing in autumn reduced red clover biomass 93% compared with alfalfa when measured 3 weeks after corn planting (WAP). Red clover biomass was still 75% less than alfalfa 6 WAP. Fall mowing suppressed red clover sufficiently to enable corn seedlings to establish, but corn seedlings did not survive in mowed alfalfa due to alfalfa competition. Corn grain yield following red clover was similar in the mowed and tilled treatments when weeds were present. Late season clover and weed growth reduced corn yields 46% compared with weed-free corn. Weed emergence in corn was three times higher after tillage compared with the mowed treatment. Converting red clover to annual crops with fall mowing will support a no-till system for organic farming.
Immunohistochemical localization of cysteine-rich intestinal protein in rat small intestine

Cysteine-rich intestinal protein (CRIP) is a LIM (cysteine-rich motif of leu-11, isl-1, and mec-3 genes) domain protein with a double zinc finger motif. The protein is abundantly expressed in the intestine, peritoneal macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The function of CRIP is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the cellular distribution of CRIP in rat intestine, as an initial step toward eventual determination of a function. Immunohistochemical and immunogold labeling electron microscopy using a purified polyclonal rabbit antibody to a synthetic peptide representing a zinc finger domain of rat CRIP were carried out on sections of rat duodenum. Western blotting was used to detect signal specificity of the antibodies. These immunohistochemical and electron microscopy studies showed particularly high abundance of CRIP in the cytoplasmic granules of Paneth cells of the intestine. Some evidence of CRIP expression was also found in cells of the villus tip, but abundance was less than that found in the Paneth cells. The localization of CRIP in Paneth cells and its presence in mononuclear cells suggests that CRIP may be involved in host defense mechanisms and/or tissue differentiation/remodeling processes common to these cell types.
12. The Costs of Avoiding Physician Conflicts of Interest: A Cautionary Tale of Gainsharing Regulation

This book chapter considers the many difficulties involved in attempting to regulate physicians' financial conflicts within the U.S. and Canadian Medicare programs. All trends seem to be leading toward an increasing array of conflicts of interest for physicians as gatekeepers. Such conflicts merit serious concern regarding the allocation of governmental healthcare services, as they threaten to compromise physician judgment, bias clinical decisions, and create cost pressures. However, a more aggressive and tightly regulated approach to dealing with such conflicts can easily result in the imposition of overly broad bans. As a cautionary example, the chapter looks to the U.S. experience in trying to restrict hospital-physician gainsharing. Under gainsharing programs, hospitals typically reward their medical staff physicians with bonuses for contributing to productivity improvements for the institution. U.S. regulation of gainsharing has been heavy-handed and counterproductive, crowding out potentially important disease management programs that could therapeutically benefit patients as well as undermining productivity and quality reforms aimed at better managing the use of expensive new medical technology. Gainsharing may be better managed through regulatory safe harbors and other safeguards, rather than through the imposition of broad restrictions. The chapter concludes by considering how gainsharing may be a useful strategy for experimenting with health care reform within the U.S. and Canadian Medicare programs.
Sterilizing Effects of Tepa, Hempa, and N, N'-Hexamethylenebis (1-Aziridinecarboxamide) on the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle

Tepa, hempa, and N.N′-hexamethylenebis (1-aziridinecarboxamide) (HMAC) were evaluated for sterilizing activity by topical application to Scolytus multristriatus (Marsham) adults of both sexes. Tepa at 0.8μg per beetle, the maximum tolerated dose (LD10), was effective in sterilizing males but not females. Hempa at 1.2μg (LD10) or less per beetle had marginal sterilizing activity in males and very little in females. HMAC was the most effective of the three compounds. When applied at 0.6μg per beetle to females only, it reduced the number of larvae produced per female by 48%; to males only, 82%; and to both sexes, 91%. Adult 48-h mortality at this dosage was 2%.
ECOGEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND INTROGRESSION IN AN AVIAN VISUAL SIGNAL: THE CREST OF THE STELLER'S JAY, CYANOCITTA STELLERI

In animals with a strongly developed visual sense, particular behavior patterns are often associated with specialization in form and color of the structures that serve as visual signals. Birds of paradise have their almost unbelievable plumes, hummingbirds their fiery iridescent gorgets, and waterfowl an amazing variety of plumage patterns, all prominent in displays. The evolution of these specializations is often simply stated as resulting from advantages in attracting and stimulating females, or from advantages in the outcome of aggressive encounters. As is often the case with simple explanations, however, there is far more to be considered. The problems of why particular specializations evolved in certain groups, and what factors influence the kind, extent, and limit of their specialization are less often studied. This paper is concerned with factors influencing the degree of specialization in a visual signal, the crest of the Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri).
An Inexpensive Constant Temperature Chamber for Field and Laboratory Use

An environmental chamber which maintains any desired temperature between 10°C and the avg daily ambient temperature (±1°C) is easily made in the field or laboratory by insulating a water bath and using a sunken container of ice as a heat sink. The test cages are partially submerged near the water surface.
Stigmonene bromide in the management of postoperative distention.

By means of gentle stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract, stigmonene bromide,** a new and comparatively nontoxic synthetic parasympathomimetic, was found effective in both preventing and eliminating abdominal distention due to (postoperative) intestinal atony in the majority of 100 major surgical cases.
The Discovery Cloud: Accelerating and Democratizing Research on a Global Scale

Modern science and engineering require increasingly sophisticated information technology (IT) for data analysis, simulation, and related tasks. Yet the small to medium laboratories (SMLs) in which the majority of research advances occur increasingly lack the human and financial capital needed to acquire and operate such IT. New methods are needed to provide all researchers with access to state-of-the-art scientific capabilities, regardless of their location and budget. Industry has demonstrated the value of cloud-hosted software-and platform-as-a-service approaches, small businesses that outsource their IT to third-party providers slash costs and accelerate innovation. However, few business cloud services are transferable to science. We thus propose the Discovery Cloud, an ecosystem of new, community-produced services to which SMLs can outsource common activities, from data management and analysis to collaboration and experiment automation. We explain the need for a Discovery Platform to streamline the creation and operation of new and interoperable services, and a Discovery Exchange to facilitate the use and sustainability of Discovery Cloud services. We report on our experiences building early elements of the Discovery Platform in the form of Globus services, and on the experiences of those who have applied those services in innovative applications.
The Short Ileal Conduit: Rationale and Description of a Technique

AbstractAlthough selection of a short ileal segment in the formation of an ileal conduit usually is recommended it is apparent that a truly short conduit is not used often. Therefore, a technique for the construction of a short ileal conduit is presented. It is suggested that many reported series of ileal diversions with subsequent renal deterioration may have used long ileal segments and, consequently, may not be valid. Prospective series with short ileal segments seem necessary prior to the complete abandonment of the now widely used procedure of ileal conduit diversion
Statins and Their Effect on PCSK9—Impact and Clinical Relevance

Purpose of Review To review the interactions between statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition.
A Small Number of Residues Can Determine if Linker Histones Are Bound On or Off Dyad in the Chromatosome

Linker histones bind to the nucleosome and regulate the structure and function of chromatin. We have previously shown that the globular domains of chicken H5 and Drosophila H1 linker histones bind to the nucleosome with on- or off-dyad modes, respectively. To explore the determinant for the distinct binding modes, we investigated the binding of a mutant globular domain of H5 to the nucleosome. This mutant, termed GH5_pMut, includes substitutions of five globular domain residues of H5 with the corresponding residues in the globular domain of Drosophila H1. The residues at these five positions play important roles in nucleosome binding by either H5 or Drosophila H1. NMR and spin-labeling experiments showed that GH5_pMut bound to the nucleosome off the dyad. We further found that the nucleosome array condensed by either the GH5_pMut or the globular domain of Drosophila H1 displayed a similar sedimentation coefficient, whereas the same nucleosome array condensed by the wild-type globular domain of H5 showed a much larger sedimentation coefficient. Moreover, NMR and spin-labeling results from the study of the nucleosome in complex with the full-length human linker histone H1.0, whose globular domain shares high sequence conservation with the corresponding globular domain of H5, are consistent with an on-dyad binding mode. Taken together, our results suggest that a small number of residues in the globular domain of a linker histone can control its binding location on the nucleosome and higher-order chromatin structure.
The effects of temperature on the survival, organismal activity, nutrition, growth, and reproduction of the carnivorous, tropical sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides

Eucidaris tribuloides is eurythermal and able to withstand acute exposure to a temperature range of 10 to 30°C. However, if these extremes persist, significant mortality results. Eucidaris tribuloides shows the ability to adjust righting activity, rates of feeding and fecal production, absorption efficiencies, and gut passage times to high temperature (30°C) during a two month exposure. Spermatogenesis is inhibited at this temperature. Individuals exposed to prolonged low temperature (10°C) remain inactive and do not survive past 30 days. Exposure to 18°C for a seven month period causes decreased rates of feeding and fecal production, low growth and delayed gametic development, as compared to exposure to 27°C. The acclimatory response exhibited by E. tribuloides to changes in temperature can best be described as partial acclimation.
ROLE OF EDRFS IN THE CONTROL OF ARTERIOLAR DIAMETER DURING INCREASED METABOLISM OF STRIATED MUSCLE

This experiment was designed to determine the role that the release of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO), or prostaglandins have in the control o...
Hiding images with multi-color THz metasurfaces

We demonstrate a novel approach for encoding images using onto a metasurface design composed of resonant dipole based unit cells. This is accomplished by varying the conductivity of individual dipole, resulting in amplitude modulation of the transmitted THz beam. However, since only a narrow regime of conductivity variation was used, the dipole array appears to be uniform visually. Thus, this offers an interesting approach for hiding information. Using one to three dipoles per unit cell, we experimentally demonstrate 9 level encoding of information using simple dipole and 64 (43) color encoding per bit with RGB color metasurface as demonstrated via THz imaging.
Gauging climate preparedness to inform adaptation needs: local level adaptation in drinking water quality in CA, USA.

Understanding resource managers' perceptions of climate change, analytic capacity, and current adaptation activities can provide insight into what can help support adaptation processes at the local level. In California, where a major drought currently demonstrates some of the hardships that could be regularly encountered under a changing climate, we present results from a survey of drinking water utilities about the perceived threat, analytic capacity, and adaptation actions related to maintaining water quality in the face of climate change. Among surveyed utilities (n = 259), awareness is high in regard to climate change occurring and its potential impacts on water quality globally, but perceived risk is lower with regard to climate impacts on local drinking water quality. Just over half of surveyed utilities report at least some adaptation activity to date. The top three variables that most strongly correlated with reported adaptation action were (1) perceived risk on global and local water quality, (2) surface water reliance, and (3) provision of other services beyond drinking water. Other tested variables significantly correlated with reported adaptation action were (4) degree of impact from the current drought and (5) communication with climate change experts. Findings highlight that smaller groundwater-reliant utilities may need the most assistance to initiate climate adaptation processes. Trusted information sources most frequently used across respondents were state government agencies, followed by colleagues in the same utilities. The finding that frequently used sources of information are similar across utilities presents a promising opportunity for training and disseminating climate information to assist those systems needing the most support.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Silyl Electrophiles with Alkylzinc Halides: A Silyl-Negishi Reaction

We report the first example of a silyl-Negishi reaction between secondary zinc organometallics and silicon electrophiles. This palladium-catalyzed process provides direct access to alkyl silanes. The delicate balance of steric and electronic parameters of the employed DrewPhos ligand is paramount to suppressing isomerization and promoting efficient and selective cross-coupling.