cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment and Pattern of Resolution of Antibody-Mediated Rejection with Hemodynamic Compromise Resistant to Standard Therapy after Heart Transplantation with a Positive Virtual Crossmatch

Purpose Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) with hemodynamic compromise (HC, heart failure requiring inotropic support) after heart transplantation (HT) confers a significant risk of allograft failure and poor survival. Standard therapy (plasmapheresis and thymoglobulin) to mitigate and/or treat AMR has been variably effective. In January 2018, we embarked on a prospective treatment strategy using Bortezomib, Eculizumab, and consolidation therapy using total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) for standard therapy-resistant AMR (ST-R AMR) with HC. Methods Bortezomib was given in conjunction with plasmapheresis every 3 days x5 doses over 2 weeks and Eculizumab was given weekly x4 doses then spaced to monthly. Consolidation therapy with TLI (2x/week for 5 weeks) was started when rejection episode was resolving defined as improving hemodynamics (filling pressures and echocardiogram) and improvement in histological features of AMR. Total protocol duration was 44-68 days. Donor-specific antibody (DSA) specificity and mean-fluorescence intensity (MFI) was determined using Luminex. Antibody strength was assessed by change in neat and 1:25 dilution MFI. Results Four virtual crossmatch-positive patients with ST-R AMR and HC were treated. Three of four patients were CDC-crossmatch positive. Median time to AMR diagnosis was 6 days (4-13) and initiation of the protocol was 13 days (8-22) post-HT. Median times to reduction in DSA was 27 days (27-29), improvement in cardiac function was 31 days (7-42), and time to start of TLI was 38 days (21-56). Median time to resolution C4d staining was 64 days (50-69). Three of four patients survived and underwent consolidation with TLI and none have had recurrence of AMR after treatment (6-19 months post-HT). One patient who died 38 days post-HT had persistent histological evidence of endothelial damage on biopsy despite clearance of C4d deposition, persistently elevated filling pressures, progressive systolic dysfunction, rebound increase in DSA, and multi-organ failure. Conclusion This pilot study shows this protocol may be an effective treatment of ST-R AMR with lasting effects many months post-HT. Initial improvement in DSA and cardiac function can be seen in weeks, but complete resolution of C4d staining may take additional weeks to months.
A Late Presentation of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC)

Introduction The learning objectives of this case report are to recognize the spectrum of clinical presentation in TAPVC, and to describe the diagnosis and management of TAPVC. Case Report The patient is a previously healthy 6 month old female born at term who was referred to cardiology after discovery of a systolic murmur at her six month well child visit. She was gaining weight appropriately and feeding well without associated diaphoresis, cyanosis, or increased work of breathing. Her family noted that she occasionally appeared to “breathe heavily” at rest and that her heart rate …
Indigenous Critique and the Eighteenth-Century English Stage

Recent accounts of ‘noble savagery’ by historical anthropologists suggest the Indigenous critique voiced in such texts should not be seen as Western projection but as echoes of interlocution betwee...
Communication Costs in Science: Evidence from the National Science Foundation Network

How do communication costs affect the creation of scientific output? This study examines changes in scientific output and citation patterns following an institution's connection to the National Science Foundation Network (NSFnet), an early version of the Internet. Established in 1985 to connect five NSF-sponsored supercomputers, the NSFnet national internet backbone quickly expanded to universities across the United States by linking existing and newly-formed, wide-area regional computer networks. I estimate the effect of connection to the national internet backbone on citations per paper by exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in the connection times of the regional NSFnet networks. Following connection to the national NSFnet, average citations per paper increase by over ten percent relative to the pre-connection mean. Subgroup analyses reveal that the net effect was driven largely by middle- and top-tier institutions. Finally, I show that NSFnet connection led to a decline in interdisciplinary citations and an increase in within-field citations, but I find no evidence of increases in collaboration patterns.
SU-E-P-06: A Graphical User Interface (GUI) Toolkit Created for Multi-Phase Biological Effective Dose (BED) Calculations Including Statistical Analyses

Purpose: There is growing interest amongst clinics in applying the biological effective dose (BED) to their treatment plan evaluations, as well as potential optimizations due to its stronger correlation with radiobiological effects. An approximate, multi-phase biological effective dose (BEDA) equation was introduced in order to simplify BED calculations using many current treatment planning systems (TPS). The purpose of this work is to create a MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) in order to determine the accuracy and precision of BEDA in common clinical treatments. Methods: A number of algorithms were written in order to read exported treatment plans from the TPS Pinnacle. Those algorithms were then tested and compared with the results on Pinnacle in order to determine its accuracy. BED algorithms were then created in order to calculate the BEDT and BEDA distributions. The algorithms for the DVH statistics, the Bland-Altman Analysis, and the Percent Error were written and added to this GUI in order to study the accuracy and precision of BEDA. Results: When comparing the DVH results from the created MATLAB GUI to those from Pinnacle, there was less than a 1% difference in the dose distribution statistics such as the maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation for the dose in the specific region of interest. The amount of time needed to calculate the BED distributions ranged anywhere from 5 to 90 seconds due to its dependence on the size of the dose distribution matrix. Conclusion: Due to the dose distribution accuracy, it is safe to use this MATLAB GUI toolkit to study the approximate BED calculation method. It can also be used to analyze patient treatment plans using the true BED distributions and the biological effective dose volume histograms (BEDVHs). In addition, further studies can be performed in determining BED constraints for different organs and endpoints.
Attitudes Toward Accepting a Bribe: A Longitudinal Study of the USA

This study examined the changing attitudes in the United States on the ethics of accepting a bribe. The study used data gathered as part of the Human Values surveys for 1981 and 2006 in the United States. The study found that opposition to bribery declined over time. Several demographic variables were also examined. Men and women were equally opposed to bribery in 1982, but by 2006, men became significantly less averse to bribery. People tend to become more opposed to bribery as they get older. Married individuals were less opposed to bribery than were other groups. Those who work part-time were more opposed to bribery than were other groups. In 2006, full-time employees were least opposed to bribery. Happiness was a significant variable, but the relationship between happiness and the extent of opposition to bribery was not linear. In 1982, those in poor health were most opposed to bribery; by 2006, they were the least opposed. Protestants were somewhat more opposed to bribery than Catholics.
Probabilistic adaptive CFAR

False alarm regulation is a critical requirement in modern surveillance radars. Present techniques are susceptible to poor false alarm control when operated in non-Gaussian backgrounds representative of real world situations. The conventional log-t CFAR is shown to be highly sensitive to the inclusion of small amounts of receiver noise in addition to the Weibull clutter for which it is tuned. An adaptive log-t CFAR is described which, under certain conditions, provides an order of magnitude better false alarm control than the conventional log-t CFAR. This adaptive processor maintains false alarm regulation by estimating the probability distribution of the interference and hence, in concept, is independent of the interference probability distribution.
3D image reconstruction from exponential X-ray projections: a completeness condition and an inversion formula

This work concerns the problem of reconstructing a 3D image from exponential X-ray (parallel-beam) projections. It is shown that exact reconstruction can be achieved when the projections are known on a set of directions /spl Omega/ which satisfies the Orlov condition for non-attenuated projections. More specifically, it is shown that exact reconstruction can be achieved when the set /spl Omega/ is intersected by every great circle on the unit sphere, provided the product /spl mu/R is sufficiently small, where R is the radius of the region where the image is non-zero and /spl mu/ is the attenuation coefficient. A reconstruction method is suggested and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the exactness and usefulness of the method.
Pancreatic cancer: what about screening and detection?

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in both sexes in the United States. In 2013, it is expected to account for 7% of all female cancer deaths and 6% of all male cancer deaths in the USA. Late presentation of the disease and poor prognosis even after complete operative resection, justify the necessity for early detection of pancreatic cancer as well as identifying high-risk individuals (screening). Herein, the authors summarize the data presented at the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting regarding screening and early detection of pancreatic cancer (Abstracts #4045 and #4052). Image: Salvation ( Sotiria ) mosaic. Antakya, Turkey.
Preliminary distributional analysis of US endangered bird species

A first exploration of applications of ecological niche modeling and geographic distributional prediction to endangered species protection is developed. Foci of richness of endangered bird species are identified in coastal California and along the southern fringe of the United States. Species included on the Endangered Species List on the basis of peripheral populations inflate these concentrations considerably. Species without protection in the US National Park System are focused particularly in peninsular Florida. Application of this methodology to additional taxa and regions holds promise for diverse conservation applications.
Japan as number one?: Social problems of the next decades

Abstract Japan's post-war economic success should be seen as situationally as well as culturally determined. As the conditions that prompted the ‘Japanese miracle’ change, a number of problems will emerge in Japanese society; the ageing of the population and the effects of modernization on the attitudes of workers towards their corporate employers will inhibit further economic growth. Western management, searching for the key to the miracle, should take note.
Externality Effects on Residential Property Values: The Example of Noise Disamenities

Studies conducted by the Federal Railroad Administration in the 1990s reveal that train whistle bans lead to higher accident rates at train crossings. However, advocates of these bans argue that they eliminate noise externalities that have a detrimental effect on residential home values. To assess this latter claim, an event study is conducted and hedonic models are estimated for three different areas in which Conrail unilaterally began ignoring local whistle bans. While the findings consistently show that proximity to rail lines has a negative and statistically important influence on home values, there is little evidence that the Conrail decision had any permanent and appreciable influence on the housing values in these communities. In two of the three study areas, there is no statistically significant impact of the Conrail action, and in the third area, the effects are found to be temporary in duration.
Temporal expression of a membrane-associated protein putatively involved in repression of initiation of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract A Bacillus subtilis membrane-associated protein that binds specifically to the origin region of DNA replication may act as an inhibitor of DNA replication (J. Laffan and W. Firshein, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:7452-7456, 1988). This protein, originally estimated to be 64 kDa, had a slightly lower molecular size (57 kDa), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis during these studies. The size difference may be due to processing that results in modification of the protein. The protein can be extracted from both cytosol and membrane fractions, and the amounts in these fractions vary during the developmental cycle of B. subtilis. A complex pattern of expression in which significant levels were detected in spores was revealed; levels decreased dramatically during germination and increased after the first round of DNA replication. The decrease during germination was due to protease activity, as demonstrated by the addition of protease inhibitors and radioactive-labeling chase experiments. During vegetative growth, the protein levels increased until stationary phase, after which there was another decrease during sporulation. The decrease during sporulation may be partially due to sequestering of the protein into forespores, since as the putative repressor protein decreased in the mother cell, it increased in the forespores. However, protease activity was also involved in the decrease in the mother cell. The changes in expression of this protein are consistent with its role as a repressor of initiation of DNA replication. Additional studies, including sequence analysis and further antibody analysis, show that this protein is not a subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This relationship had been a possibility based upon the results of others (H. Hemila, A. Pavla, L. Paulin, S. Arvidson, and I. Palva, J. Bacteriol. 172:5052-5063, 1990).
High Wire Act: Credit Suisse and Contingent Capital (A)

Late in 2010, Credit Suisse CEO Brady Dougan and his team closed in on the decision of whether or not to issue contingent capital, which Swiss regulators would require by 2019. There were a number of substantial issues facing Dougan and his team, including whether contingent capital would provide sufficient loss absorption when called upon, would there be sufficient demand for this new instrument, would it be cost effective capital, and what were the risks to Credit Suisse' reputation with clients and regulators if an issue did not go well? In addition, The Basel Committee, the body that recommended global bank capital standards, had decided that much of the existing bank "hybrid debt" would no longer count as capital for regulatory purposes, meaning banks would need to replace this portion of their equity accounts with some other form of capital. However, Basel had yet to decide whether contingent capital would be allowable in the new "Basel III" regulatory regime.Learning Objective: To explore the many tensions facing a leader and his team in deciding whether to be the first healthy firm to issue a new capital instrument in the post-crisis world. The intersecting issues include whether to take a leadership role in establishing a new capital standard, reputation with clients and regulators, gauging investors demand and at what cost. The case also allows students to better understand why robust levels of capital and liquidity are essential elements of a healthy financial firm, and financial system. Finally, it allows for an examination of one country's response to the crisis given its unique situation of having banks that are so large that their assets swamp GDP.
Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp. Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.
MR Imaging of Flow

There is an increased nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal from a flowing liquid as compared to the signal from the same liquid at rest. The observed effect is explained by the decreased saturation of the magnetization in the flowing liquid. Several techniques have been developed for quantitative NMR flow measurements. After flow-related effects in MR images were first discussed in the early 1980s, various techniques have been developed for MRI of flow. In general, these techniques can be divided into three major categories based on the effects used for flow imaging: “time-of-flight” effects; velocity-induced phase; and signal enhancement caused by MR contrast agents. Time-of-flight (TOF) MR imaging utilizes the difference in magnetization of stationary and flowing spins in order to improve visualization of flow in MR images. Phase-contrast imaging of flow utilizes the phase of magnetization in order to differentiate between moving and static materials. In this approach, phase encoding of flow is implemented by using bipolar magnetic field gradients. A number of studies have demonstrated that a contrast between static tissue and blood in MR angiography can be improved by using gadolinium-containing contrast agents that significantly reduce the spin-lattice relaxation time of blood. Currently, contrast-enhanced MRI of flow is used primarily for imaging of the arterial system.
Microseismicity Induced by Deep Wastewater Injection in Southern Trumbull County, Ohio

Online Material: Description and figure representing the stratigraphy and construction of the two wastewater disposal wells. As oil and gas well completions utilizing multistage hydraulic fracturing have become more commonplace, the potential for seismicity induced by the deep disposal of frac‐related wastewater and the hydraulic fracturing process itself has become an increasingly important issue (e.g., National Academy of Science [NAS], 2012). Although it is rare for a wastewater disposal well to induce felt seismicity, there have been several cases over the past half century that identify strong relationships between injected fluids and seismicity (e.g., Healy et al. , 1968; Nicholson and Wesson, 1990; McGarr et al. , 2002; Evans et al. , 2012). Following the 2011 Youngstown earthquake sequence (YES) near a wastewater disposal well in northeastern Ohio (Fig. 1), which included hundreds of earthquakes up to an M 4.0 (Ohio Department of Natural Resources [ODNR], 2012; Kim, 2013; Skoumal, Brudzinski, Currie, et al. , 2014), there has been a heightened concern over seismicity related to energy technologies in Ohio. The ODNR is actively setting new regulations to deal with induced seismicity (ODNR, 2014), which could serve as a blueprint for other states. Seismic monitors are to be installed near certain injection wells before commercial injection begins and will remain there for 12 months afterward. A number of regional long‐standing backbone seismic stations have been operating for over a decade, and studies of the YES significantly benefited from early adoption of EarthScope Transportable Array (TA) stations in western Pennsylvania in late 2010. Figure 1. Location of the study region (box in the lower inset), with enlarged views showing seismic stations (black triangles) and cases of seismicity that are potentially induced by injection wells (gray) or hydraulic fracturing (white). The white box in the central map is the location of the upper …
Hasta La Vista Privacy, or How Technology Terminated Privacy

Lawyers find great joy in pointing out the destructive effects of digital technology on privacy and naturally expect the law to avert overexposure of people’s personal information. This essay takes a different view by arguing that the trajectory of technological developments renders the expansive collection of personal data inevitable, and hence the law’s primary interest should lie in regulating the use—not the collection—of information. This does not foreshadow the end of privacy, but rather suggests a necessary reconceptualization of privacy in the digital era. Along those lines we first need to acknowledge that people increasingly sacrifice voluntarily some of their privacy to enjoy the benefits of technology. Second, the ready availability of a huge volume of personal information creates attention scarcity, such that the chances a person’s privacy will be intruded are diminished. Most importantly, though, once the law accepts the inevitability of the collection of personal information, it will be best in the position to focus attention on ensuring that the collected information is appropriately used, instead of wasting resources on trying to hinder in vain its collection. This more realistic approach calls for alternative means of regulation, like self-regulation or emphasis on informed consent, and facilitates the flow of information by reducing the transactional cost of its sharing and dissemination.
The relationship between poverty and fertility in some less developed countries.

The author investigates the extent to which both absolute and relative poverty affect population growth in developing countries. Aggregate data from U.N. sources for 26 countries at various stages of the fertility transition are used. The results indicate that the most significant steps in reducing fertility would be more effective provision of basic human needs and reforms in land tenure. The need to distinguish between absolute and relative poverty in formulating population policies is noted. (ANNOTATION)
Identification of ketoses by use of their peracetylated oxime derivatives: A G.L.C.-M.S. approach

Abstract A method based on peracetylated oxime (PAKO) derivatives has been developed for rapid g.l.c.-m.s. survey of ketoses. This derivatization procedure (and the chromatographic analysis of these derivatives) is identical to one previously employed to identify aldoses by means of peracetylated aldononitrile (PAAN) derivatives. The production of chemically different derivatives from the aldoses and ketoses by the same derivatization procedure greatly simplifies the chromatographic separation of the derivatives of the ketoses from those of the aldoses, and also results in distinctively different, mass-spectral fragmentation-pathways for the two sets of derivatives. Both the electron-impact (e.i.) and ammonia chemical-ionization (c.i.) mass spectra of PAKO derivatives have been examined. Extensive differences between the fragmentation-pathways of the PAAN and the PAKO derivatives have been observed both by e.i.m.s. and ammonia c.i.m.s. The g.l.c.-m.s. of these PAKO derivatives, in conjunction with various, isotopic variants of the derivatization process, can yield extensive structural information with regard to the starting saccharides associated with the known, or unknown, g.l.c. peaks. The g.l.c. and mass-spectral properties of highly O -methylated PAKO derivatives of d -fructose are compared, and contrasted, to those of the PAKO derivatives of non- O -methylated saccharides. The chromatographic properties of derivatives of oligosaccharides that result from the PAAN-PAKO derivatization procedure have also been studied.
Screening unemployment in a dual labor market

Abstract Equilibrium unemployment is shown to arise in a dual labor market when primary firms use status-dependent hiring to screen heterogeneous labor. Characterization is given of equilibria with both complete and incomplete screening.
Straightforward, effective calibration of SPINAL-64 decoupling results in the enhancement of sensitivity and resolution of biomolecular solid-state NMR.

Abstract We describe a simple yet highly effective optimization strategy for SPINAL-64 1 H decoupling conditions for magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR. With adjustment of the phase angles in a coupled manner, the optimal conditions resulting from three parameter optimizations can be determined with adjustment of a single phase. Notably, echo T 2 relaxation times for 13 C and 15 N show significant enhancement (up to 64%), relative to the previous described SPINAL-64 conditions, under the moderate 1 H decoupling levels (60–100 kHz) and MAS rate (13.3 kHz) commonly employed for high-resolution SSNMR spectroscopy of proteins. Additionally, we also investigated the effect at higher spinning rate (33.3 kHz) and compared the results with other 1 H decoupling schemes (TPPM, XiX), as well as SPINAL-64 with the originally reported optimal values.
Transient Ostwald ripening and the disagreement between steady-state coarsening theory and experiment

Abstract The coarsening of solid-Sn particles in a Pb–Sn liquid has been studied under microgravity conditions. These experiments permit an unambiguous comparison between theory and experiment to be made. In contrast to steady-state theories, such as those due to Lifshitz and Slyozov and Wagner, the scaled particle size distributions evolve in samples containing 0.1 and 0.2 volume fractions of solid. Steady state was not reached even though the average particle radius increased by a factor of three during the experiment. In addition, the scaled spatial correlation functions were also found to be time dependent in samples containing 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 volume fractions of solid. The size distributions and correlation functions for all coarsening times at the fractions ≤0.3 agree with the predictions of a theory for transient coarsening. We show that the microstructures have not reached the steady-state regime for all volume fractions, are thus not self-similar, and that given our initial experimental conditions the time required to reach steady-state coarsening increases with increasing volume fraction. In these experiments, and we suspect in others as well, the transients are sufficiently long that steady-state theories cannot adequately describe the evolution of the microstructure.
Using DNA to Link Gold Nanoparticles, Polymers and Molecules: a Theoretical Perspective

This Perspective describes theoretical studies aimed at understanding the structural and thermal properties of materials in which DNA is used to link gold nanoparticles, or polymers or organic molecules. Particularly in the case of gold nanoparticles, the materials derived from this structural motif have proven to be important for biological sensing and other applications, however additional applications may arise as a result of recent advances in the preparation of crystalline materials based on DNA-linked particles. From a theory perspective these are challenging materials to describe due to the large number of atoms, and the polyelectrolyte character of DNA, however there has been important progress recently using all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics, and with analytical theory. Among topics that we discuss are the structure and density of DNA when attached to gold particles, and the size and melting properties of DNA-linked nanoparticles in different environments.
The evolution of honesty tests and means for their evaluation

Issues have been raised regarding means of honesty testing of employees. It seems probable that paper-and-pencil testing will be the most widely used method. This technique, though, must be improved before it will be more widely accepted. Scoring must be reevaluated, validation standards must be further refined, additional research is needed regarding the accuracy of the tests, and future legal challenges probably will have to be met with respect to such testing relative to privacy, discrimination, and union busting.
Heel Contact Dynamics during Slip Events

Slips and falls are a major cause of injuries. In order to measure slip resistance under biomechanically relevant conditions, foot forces and motion from actual slip events must be known. This study recorded such biomechanical data. Six subjects walked on a level and 10° ramp with 2 possible contaminant conditions (dry, oil). Foot forces and motion were recorded at 350 Hz. Heel contact (HC) dynamics were compared among no-slip, slip-recovery and slip-fall events. Walking on oil generated patterns of backward/forward sliding foot motion similar to that on dry surfaces, but with higher peak velocities and more movement. Shear forces generated by the foot at HC were delayed on the oily surface compared to the dry surface.
Direct measurement of the constrained polymer region in polyamide/clay nanocomposites and the implications for gas diffusion

Abstract The recognition that polymer/clay nanocomposites impart improved barrier properties related to gas transport has prompted much discussion and research into the mechanism of this improvement. The plate like morphology of the clays was the attribute first seized upon as the dominant factor in improving barrier properties. A simple two dimensional model was proposed in which the clay plates acted as barriers to the gas diffusion thus making the effective path length longer. This model has been given the name of the “Tortuous Path Model”. Many polymer nanocomposites appear to follow this model simple model reasonably well. There are, however, many examples that deviate substantially from the model. A more complex model involving a constrained polymer region was proposed to accommodate the deviations from the “Tortuous Path Model”. This model fits much of the data in the literature but includes variables that have not been measured. These variables include the size and shape of the constrained region and the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient in the constrained region. This paper reports Atomic Force Microscopy work that has directly measured the size and shape of the constrained polymer region. The measured size of the constrained region leads to a method of identifying the diffusion coefficient for the constrained region from experimental permeability data. The implications for wider applications of the model are discussed.
Seeing Wrath from the Top (through Stratified Lenses): Perceivers High in Social Dominance Orientation Show Superior Anger Identification for High-Status Individuals

Abstract In this research, we test the hypothesis that social status will be an orienting cue to the identification of facial expressions of emotion, particularly angry expressions, especially for those who dispositionally believe that some societal groups should dominate others (Social dominance orientation; Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994). Using an emotion identification task, the expression of anger was identified with greater accuracy on high-status faces than low-status faces, but only for people who endorsed rigid social hierarchies (i.e., high SDO). Furthermore, people who did not endorse social hierarchies (i.e., low SDO) did not show a preference for high-status anger. Thus, the current findings provide a novel account of how social status can be an informative cue to the expression of anger in online perceptions, especially for those who view social dominance as an important framework for society.
Partitions into distinct parts and elliptic curves

LetQ(N) denote the number of partitions ofNinto distinct parts. If?(k):=(3k2+k)/2, then it is well known that[formula]In this short note we start with Tunnell's work on the “congruent number problem” and show thatQ(N) often satisfies “weighted” recurrence type relations. For everyNthere is a relation forQ(N) which may involve a special value of an elliptic curveL-function.
Ab Initio Studies of Some Amino Acid Residue Complexes with 4-Mercaptopyridine as a Model for Thymitaq (AG337), an Inhibitor of Thymidylate Synthase

The complex formed by isopentane, as a model for the isoleucine residue present in the wild-type thymidylate synthase, with 4-mercaptopyridine as a fragment of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor Thymitaq (AG337) is investigated with ab initio quantum chemical calculations at Hartree-Fock and MP2 levels, using the 3-21G* basis set. The binding energy is compared with the binding energies of 4-mercaptopyridine with amino acid residues found in mutant thymidylate synthase enzymes. As compared with isoleucine, alanine and glycine do not show binding, in agreement with enzyme-inhibition results.
Exact family-based association tests for biallelic data

Family-based study designs have an important role in the search for association between disease phenotypes and genetic markers. Unlike traditional case-control methods, family-based tests use within-family data to avoid identification of spurious associations that may result from population admixture. Many family-based association tests have been proposed to accommodate a variety of ascertainment schemes and patterns of missing data. In this report, we describe exact family-based association tests for biallelic data. Specifically, we discuss test of the null hypotheses “no linkage and no association” and “linkage, but no association”. These tests, which are valid under various models for inheritance and patterns of missingness, utilize the procedure proposed by Rabinowitz and Laird [2000: Hum Hered 50:211–223] that provides a unified framework for family based association testing (FBAT). The conditioning approach implemented in FBAT makes an exact test conceptually straightforward, but computationally difficult since the minimum sufficient statistics upon which we condition do not have a conventional form. An exact test may be especially critical when accurate computation of the extreme area of the FBAT statistic is needed, such as when the study design necessitates multiple comparisons adjustments. We describe the exact approach as a useful alternative to the aymptotic test and show that the exact tests for biallelic data may be most useful for the recessive disease model. Genet. Epidemiol. 2005 © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pathologic Observations on the Infection of Pagurus spp. by Plerocercoids of Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi, 1819; Van Benden, 1850)

Abstract Infection of the anterior midgut ceca (AMC) of hermit crabs by plerocercoids of the tetraphyllidean cestode, Calliobothrium verticillatum, is described. Plerocercoids are found only in the lumens of the AMC tubules. The categories of infection (mild, moderate, and severe) were defined based on the severity of the inflammatory reaction present in the AMC. Features of this parasite are more fully described elsewhere. The adult tapeworm is found in the spiral colon of the dogfish, Mustelus canis. Implications for the health of the hermit crab are discussed.
Orientation of chlorophyll in vivo. Studies with magnetic field oriented chlorella.

Abstract The orientation of whole cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in aqueous suspensions is due to the anisotropy in the diamagnetic susceptibility of oriented chlorophyll molecules. The lipid molecules tend to align with their long axes parallel to the magnetic field and the “red” Q y transition moment of chlorophyll perpendicular to the field, thus in the plane of the lamellae. The plane of the porphyrin rings tends to be parallel to the magnetic field because of the large diamagnetic susceptibility perpendicular to the ring. It is concluded that the porphyrin ring planes tilt away from the lamellar plane by an angle greater than 45°. The short wavelength spectroscopic forms of chlorophyll are unoriented.
Petrogenesis of Allan Hills 84001: Constraints from impact-melted feldspathic and silica glasses

Abstract— Compositional and textural relationships of shock-melted glasses in the Allan Hills (ALH) 84001 meteorite have been examined by optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and compositional mapping. The feldspathic and silica glasses exhibit features which constrain the relative timing of shock events and carbonate deposition in ALH 84001. The feldspathic glasses are stoichiometric and have compositions plausibly described as forming from igneous plagioclase (An27–39Ab58–68Or3–7) or sanidine (Or51Ab46An3), or from a mixture of these phases (mixed-feldspar glasses). These observations argue against prior interpretations of feldspathic glasses as unflowed maskelynite, hydrothermal precipitates or alteration products, or shock melts that have undergone alkali volatilization. Carbonate was deposited around previously formed mixed-feldspar glass clasts, suggesting that carbonate deposition occurred after the shock event that formed the granular bands (crushed zones) in this meteorite. SiO2-rich glasses appear to be silica remobilized during shock, with little addition of other material. A petrogenetic history of ALH 84001 consistent with the observations of feldspathic and silica glasses is (1) igneous crystallization and cumulate formation; (2) a pre-carbonate shock event that formed the granular bands (crushed zones) and sheared chromites, and melted igneous plagioclase and sanidine to form mixed-feldspar glasses; (3) carbonate and silica deposition in the granular bands (veining of plagioclase glasses by SiO2 and deposition of carbonate around mixed-feldspar and plagioclase glass clasts); (4) a post-carbonate shock event that resulted in invasion of carbonate by feldspathic melts, shock faulting and decarbonation of carbonate, high-temperature mobilization of silica melts, and minor dissolution of orthopyroxene by silica melts.
EDWARD SAID AND THE SPACE OF EXILE

In his memoir, Out of Place (1999), Edward Said described the condition of exile as the source of his most deeply held beliefs about himself and the world. His use of exile as a metaphor is in several ways analogous to the ways in which diasporic religious communities orient themselves in relation to space and time. Although Said was critical of the dangerous idea of sacred space, the space of exile is in certain respects similar to a religious myth in its shaping influence on his life, as revealed in his autobiography. The Theme of exile is central in Edward Said's critical and scholarly works. Exile is a political condition that Said shows to be especially painful and unjust in the case of the Palestinian people, whom he described as being in the terrible position of being exiles even while living in their own homeland and, ironically, 'turned into exiles by the proverbial people of exile, the Jews.' In addition to this political meaning, Said frequently used exile as a metaphor to describe his vision of the role of the modem intellectual, who needs a critical, detached perspective from which to examine his culture. Said's 1999 memoir, Out of Place, reveals the autobiographical roots of his interest in exile as both a political condition and a critical concept. The memoir suggests that in spite of Said's principled opposition to religion, his conception of exile is in certain ways similar to the idea of sacred space. The original meaning of exile is banishment, the political action that forces a person to depart from his country. Exile resembles but is not the same as being a refugee, expatriot or member of a diaspora. In practice, however, these terms are now often used interchangeably to refer to people displaced from their original home, even when they leave it willingly. Exile is a way of dwelling in space with a constant awareness that one is not at home. The exile is oriented to a distant place and feels that he does not belong where he lives. Exile is also an orientation to time, a plotting of one's life story around a pivotal event of departure and a present condition of absence from one's native land. An implicit travel narrative is central to the exile's identity; she remembers a difficult journey away from home and looks forward to returning some day. Exile involves orientation, or being pointed toward
“Artificial” Enzymes and Poultry feeding

Abstract Recently there have been published reports of comparative feeding trials with a commercial product called “protozyme,” “a vegetable fungus enzyme material” [see Hervey (1925) and Hannas (1926)] which are interesting and possibly quite significant. The addition of this product to the feed in amounts equalling from one to five per cent of the ration fed is said to increase the production of meat, milk and eggs respectively, when the experimental subjects are hogs, cows and hens. Or, expressing it from the opposite viewpoint, when this substance is included in the ration, the amount of feed necessary to produce a pound of the product is less. Hannas (1926) ascribes as the reason for these results the presence of enzymes in protozyme. He does not review the literature concerning these so-called feed-enzymes, which runs back over a century, nor does he call attention to the fact that the use of predigested foods . . .
Event Detection Services Using Data Service Middleware in Distributed Sensor Networks

This paper presents the real-time event detection service using Data Service Middleware (DSWare). DSWare provides data-centric and group-based services for sensor networks. The real-time event service handles unreliability of individual sensor reports, correlation among different sensor observations, and inherent real-time characteristics of events. The event service supports confidence functions which are designed based on data semantics, including relative importance of sub-events and historical patterns. When the failure rate is high, the event service enables partial detection of critical events to be reported in a timely manner. It can also be applied to differentiate between the occurrences of events and false alarms.
CO2 Interim storage: Technical characteristics and potential role in CO2 market development

Abstract In the absence of legislation that imposes a price on CO 2 emissions, few significant economic incentives currently exist for largescale commercial application of CO 2 Capture and Storage (CCS). A novel technique, currently under development, shows potential to add value to sequestered CO 2 , promote its utilization, and bridge the gap between its supply and demand, thus allowing the development of fully-integrated and reliable CO 2 market. This technique is referred to as “ CO 2 Interim Storage”, or briefly, CIS. CIS involves storing CO 2 for a finite period of time to be subsequently utilized in CO 2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and potentially other industrial processes. The feasibility of CO 2 storage is assessed based on three major variables: The distance between CO 2 source and storage medium, the general trend of CO 2 storage in and delivery from the storage medium (primarily governed by the market dynamics of supply and demand), as well as the frequency of CO 2 injection into and extraction from the storage medium. The importance of CIS as a major tool for CO 2 market and infrastructure development becomes clear upon comparing this new technology to the widely implemented underground natural gas (NG) storage and assessing its role in energy hybridization and in meeting variable and localized CO 2 demand. In this study, the flow of CO 2 in underground storage reservoirs is numerically simulated to provide general analysis of the technical aspects associated with varying CO 2 injection rates. The simulations show that the CO 2 plume and pressure buildup profiles are comparable for constant and variable injection rates. Also, in the cases of variable injection, the pressure variation dampens as injection proceeds with time. In addition, a casestudy is conducted in which CIS is implemented to meet the CO 2 demand for EOR operations in the state of Wyoming from CO 2 emissions of in-state coal power plants. This is achieved via modeling an integrated source-sink CO 2 network. The results show that the economic attractiveness of the project is dependent on the availability of CO 2 , the distance between CO 2 sources, interim storage sites, and sinks, as well as the price and demand of CO 2 for EOR.
Pathophysiology of Postoperative Pain

Clinical Perspective Acute postoperative pain remains a significant medical problem. Patients undergoing outpatient ambulatory surgery have clinically significant postoperative pain even when administration of oral opioids and nonopioid adjuncts are optimized [1]. Regional analgesic techniques improve pain control except their use is limited to a minority of all surgical patients [8; 31]. For those patients undergoing major surgical procedures, ongoing pain or pain at rest, and pain during activities are important clinical symptoms. Pain at rest is usually moderate; the average visual analogue pain scale (VAS) is 3 to 4 out of 10 during the first 2 to 3 days after surgery [24]. These pain scores occur even when parenteral treatments are administered. Usually, pain at rest resolves within the first week after surgery (see schematic, Fig. 1). Pain with activities, such as coughing or walking is severe during the first 2 to 3 days; the average visual analogue scale can be as great as 7 to 8. Pain with activities is moderate or severe for many days and even weeks later. Functional capability is limited during this period as well; thus, pain can be moderate and the activities like ability to cough or walking distance to evoke this pain are reduced [16; 36]. Greater opioid dosing to further reduce pain is limited by side effects like nausea, vomiting, ileus, respiratory depression and sedation [8]. Figure 1 Schematic of postoperative pain after major surgery in patients with optimized parenteral opioid analgesia. Top line is pain with cough; bottom line is pain at rest. VAS=visual analogue scale. Clinically, our goal is to advance simple, safe, effective therapies that will greatly reduce postoperative pain. In the last 10 to 15 years, gabapentinoids and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors have been trialed extensively and regional anesthesia is advancing in acceptance [9] In general, we have had difficulty making major improvements in the overall treatment of clinical postoperative pain for the majority of patients.
Fostering Self-Regulated Learning: Feedback-on-Feedback in a Peer Online Writing Center

Peer feedback is often considered a critical component of self-regulated learning. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to understand the effects of how a unique form of peer feedback – an online system of co-construction – might both trigger and sustain self-regulation in academic writing. Participants were 21 Japanese undergraduate EFL writers, 10 of whom worked as peer advisors in an online writing center. Peer advisors self-reported significantly more strategies than the comparison group. In addition, textual analysis of the feedback that peer advisors provided to writers showed evidence of strategy internalization, whereas the comparison group lacked metacognitive awareness and provided feedback of a lesser quality. Within group analysis points to how specific characteristics of peer feedback developed over time and with experience. This study considers how educators can use online feedback-on-feedback as a method for eliciting verbalizations of self-regulation.
The Mandarin LVS construction: Verb lexical semantics and grammatical aspect

Two empirical studies – a verb elicitation experiment and a collostructional analysis – were conducted to investigate the Mandarin LVS construction with respect to the lexical semantics of the verb and its collocation with grammatical aspect. Converging evidence from both studies indicates strong schematicity and productivity in the verb category of the LVS construction. Although most exemplars fall into a few major lexical semantic clusters, there are more low-frequency marginal exemplars than previously recognized, reinforcing the constructional schema in an essentially radial category. In addition to the lexical semantic regularity of the verb slot, both studies showed the existence of highfrequency tokens with prototype status. As far as grammatical aspect is concerned, the converging evidence indicates that the LVS category is compatible not only with the durative aspect, but also with the perfective as well as the resultative and directional lexical aspect. The attraction of grammatical aspect to the verb of LVS is graded rather than absolute, with some mutual selection patterns more typical than others. The two grammatical aspects as marked by the durative -zhe and the perfective -le are non-interchangeable.