cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination is required for EGF receptor degradation

Ubiquitination mediates endocytosis and endosomal sorting of various signaling receptors, transporters, and channels. However, the relative importance of mono- versus polyubiquitination and the role of specific types of polyubiquitin linkages in endocytic trafficking remain controversial. We used mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics to show that activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is ubiquitinated by one to two short (two to three ubiquitins) polyubiquitin chains mainly linked via lysine 63 (K63) or conjugated with a single monoubiquitin. Multimonoubiquitinated EGFR species were not found. To directly test whether K63 polyubiquitination is necessary for endocytosis and post-endocytic sorting of EGFR, a chimeric protein, in which the K63 linkage-specific deubiquitination enzyme AMSH [associated molecule with the Src homology 3 domain of signal transducing adaptor molecule (STAM)] was fused to the carboxyl terminus of EGFR, was generated. MS analysis of EGFR-AMSH ubiquitination demonstrated that the fraction of K63 linkages was substantially reduced, whereas relative amounts of monoubiquitin and K48 linkages increased, compared with that of wild-type EGFR. EGFR-AMSH was efficiently internalized into early endosomes, but, importantly, the rates of ligand-induced sorting to late endosomes and degradation of EGFR-AMSH were dramatically decreased. The slow degradation of EGFR-AMSH resulted in the sustained signaling activity of this chimeric receptor. Ubiquitination patterns, rate of endosomal sorting, and signaling kinetics of EGFR fused with the catalytically inactive mutant of AMSH were reversed to normal. Altogether, the data are consistent with the model whereby short K63-linked polyubiquitin chains but not multimonoubiquitin provide an increased avidity for EGFR interactions with ubiquitin adaptors, thus allowing rapid sorting of activated EGFR to the lysosomal degradation pathway.
Acute Hepatitis C: A Window of Opportunity

McGovern et al. [1] describe 19 persons with acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that was recognized during incarceration, a finding they refer to as "a window of opportunity." Broadly considered, their report itself is a window into how, when, and in whom HCV infections occur. In the United States, new HCV infections occur most frequently in injection drug users (IDUs). Occasionally, HCV is transmitted by sexual intercourse, as represented by recent cases reported among men who have sex with men. HCV is also
VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER ARRAYS FOR WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING APPLICATIONS

The capability to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor diode laser array is one of the most important steps towards making wafer-scale low-cost lasers. The recent emergence of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) facilitates the fabrication of such large 2D arrays. In this paper, we review the recent progress on a novel largeaperture single-mode VCSEL and a 2D multiple-wavelength VCSEL array for ultra-high bandwidth applications. We demonstrate a passive antiguide region (PAR) VCSEL which emits a stable single mode with very low threshold, a large aperture, and a fixed polarization. We also demonstrate multi-wavelength VCSEL arrays with repeatable wavelength spans over 20 nm, grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The wavelength shift is achieved by varying the GaAs growth rate across the wafer using a patterned backing wafer to induce a temperature profile. Such multiple wavelength laser arrays are promising for ultrahigh bandwidth optical transmission and switching systems using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
Navigating Comics II: Constraints on the Reading Order of Comic Page Layouts

Summary Although readers typically believe that comic page layouts should be read following the left to right and down ‘Z-path’ inherited from written language, several spatial arrangements can push readers to deviate from this order. These manipulations include separating panels from each other, overlapping one panel onto another, and using a long vertical panel to the right of a vertical column to ‘block’ a horizontal row. We asked participants to order empty panels in comic page layouts that manipulated these factors. All manipulations caused participants to deviate from the conventional Z-path, and this departure was modulated by incremental changes to spatial arrangements: The more layouts deviated from a grid, the less likely participants were to use the Z-path. Overall, these results reinforce that various constraints push comic readers to engage with panels in predictable ways, even when deviating from the traditional Z-path of written language. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructural visualization of trans-ciliary rhodopsin cargoes in mammalian rods

Background Cilia are vital to various cellular and sensory functions. The pathway by which ciliary membrane proteins translocate through the transition zone is not well understood. Direct morphological characterization of ciliary cargoes in transit remains lacking. In the vertebrate photoreceptor, rhodopsin is synthesized and transported from the inner segment to the disc membranes of the outer segment (OS), which is a modified cilium. To date, the membrane topology of the basal OS and the mechanisms by which rhodopsin is transported through the transition zone (i.e., connecting cilium) and by which nascent disc membranes are formed remain controversial.
Localization of iNKT subsets determines lipid response (APP2P.101)

iNKT cells can be rapidly activated by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), and α-GalCer or analogues of it are being tested for clinical use against certain cancers and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies in our lab showed that iNKT cells are comprised of NKT1, NKT2 and NKT17 effector subsets. In the current study, we asked whether these different iNKT subsets respond equivalently to α-GalCer using Nur77 GFP transgenic mice to quantify the antigen specific response. We observed a robust response by NKT1, but not NKT2, in the spleen, despite in vitro stimulation showing they could be equivalently activated. Using an in vivo antibody-labeling technique, we found that NKT1 possess significantly higher accessibility to blood than NKT2, suggesting that NKT1 cells are preferentially localized to red pulp. This was confirmed by tetramer-based immunofluorescence studies. As expected, i.v. labeled iNKT cells showed a greater response than unlabeled cells. Thus, iNKT cells with accessibility to blood are the predominant cells to respond to lipid. Consistent with this, we observed a robust response of liver iNKT cells, and no response by lymph node iNKT cells, regardless of the subset. Because iNKT subsets produce distinct cytokines, their differential response to i.v. lipids is a critical consideration in therapeutic applications.
No Fault for Medical Injury: Theory and Evidence

This article comprehensively assessed the only two operational medical no-fault programs in the U.S., Virginia and Florida's late 1980s compensation programs for children with severe, birth-related neurological injuries. It relied upon literature review; surveys of program administrators, affected parties, and observers; as well as information from Florida's unusual census of all closed malpractice claims, national liability premiums, and other data bases. No fault was found to keep liability coverage affordable, to raise funding for compensation, to lower overhead cost, to speed claims resolution, and to achieve similar physician and claimant satisfaction as the tort system. On the negative side, the programs were very small, even for their narrowly defined eligibility, so no fault was too small to broadly improve compensation or deterrence, while the survival of tort for uncovered obstetrical injuries continued to encourage physician defensiveness, also likely inhibiting them from referring injuries to no fault, lest they wind up in court instead. Better understanding of these details should allow no-fault proponents to achieve improvements, but achieving political feasibility remains a daunting challenge. (University of Cincinnati Law Review 1998 Fall; 67(1): 53-123).
Are We "There" Yet? the Treatment of Gender and Feminism in Technical, Business, and Workplace Writing Studies.

This article reexamines the treatment of gender and feminism in technical, business, and workplace writing studies—areas in which the three of us teach. Surprisingly, the published discourse of our...
Gonadotropins of the pituitary gland and urine of the adult human male.

SummaryA method is described whereby the ratio of FSH and LH present in human pituitary tissue can be ascertained in terms of well-known qualitative end points in the gonads of hypophysectomized rats of both sexes. Such end points, representing unit responses of FSH and LH, were chosen because they could be readily determined, and because they occurred at the same dosage of pituitary homogenate. It was thus determined that pooled homogenate of the pituitary glands of 3 adult men contained 100 units of FSH and 100 units of LH per pituitary, a ratio of 1:1. By comparison on an equal weight basis with pituitary tissue, the urine of adult men contained only minute amounts of gonadotropins, but proportionately, there was much more FSH relative to LH, in a ratio of much greater than 2:1.
The Laboratory Approach to Organization Change: “Confrontation Design”

This study reports one “spin-off” from the basic technology of sensitivity training, which is now widely used for inducing attitudinal and behavioral change in organizations. Changes in attitudes o...
The effects of training procedure, response similarity, and number of response alternatives in multiple-choice paired-associate learning

Prompting and confirmation training procedures were investigated in a multiple-choice paired-associate task in which response similarity and number of response alternatives were also manipulated. There was no overall difference in the effectiveness of the two training procedures, but prompting was again seen to facilitate performance during the early training trials.
Analysis on incidence pattern of 119 pneumoconiosis new cases

Objective To comprehend the incidence pattern of pneumoconiosis through analyzing those new cases occurred in a district during a decade,thereby providing a practical evidence for its prevention and control.Methods Collect the report cards about pneumoconiosis occurred in a district in Shanghai during ten years.Then,the related contents were recorded into database of EpiData 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistic tool.Results There were 119 new cases of pneumoconiosis in total occurred in a certain district in Shanghai during that ten years.Among of them 107 were male and the leading three types were foundry workers' pneumoconiosis,silicosis and electric welder's pneumoconiosis respectively.The onset ages in male patients were mainly distributed from 40 to 60 y,the average onset age was(50.95±13.47)y;while,in female the peak ages were from 50 to 60 y,and the average onset age was(59.50±11.37)y,actually,about a quarter of those cases were diagnosed after their retirement.The average year of dust exposure length of male cases was(19.73±11.37)y,while the female was(16.60±9.55)y.There were three enterprises accumulated more than ten cases of pneumoconiosis.Conclusion The results showed that there were new cases of pneumoconiosis occurred in a certain district of Shanghai each year during surveyed decade.Among them the three leading pneumoconiosis types were foundry wokers' pneumoconiosis,silicosis and electric welder's pneumoconiosis,respectively,suggesting pneumoconiosis is still a most common and severe hazardous occupational disease that greatly affected the health of workers.The onset age mainly was older than 40 years,the shortest dust-exposure length was 16.60 years.Furthermore,there was some enterprise-accumulation phenomenon,the incidence of occupational dust lung diseases occurred concentrically in the same company.Therefore,as a conclusion,it is necessary to strengthen further the administration on occupational health and safety in enterprises for efficiently prevent and control the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.
Two Views of Culture,Two Aesthetical Tendency——A comparative study on Jia Pingwa and Chen Zhongshi

Jia Pingwa and Chen Zhongshi from Shaanxi were both brought up in the countryside,and showed great concern with it.The have a good expression of land fixation.But under two different views of culture,they showed different literature style and aesthetical tendency.Jia' work is of holiness and elegancy,expressing the beauty of softness,whereas Chen's work is of grandour,expressing the beauty of hardness.There is tradgy in Chen's work,with the charactor filled with misery and hardships,while in Jia' work,there is harmony and tranquility.Chen has a good sense of epic,composing his work with poetic quality,but Jia is greatly concerned with folk culture.Chen is greatly influenced by school of Ru,and shows reflection with profoundity and Jia is influenced by Buddha,paying great attention to intuition and perception.
Seizures early in life

Article abstract-The immature central nervous system (CNS) should not be considered a miniature of the adult CNS. Seizures and epilepsy affect infants and children more than any other age group. Seizures can manifest themselves differently, depending on age, and can have age-dependent outcomes on development and behavior. Precocious development of excitatory synapses, delayed development of inhibition, and delayed maturation of seizure-modifying circuits are some of the proposed mechanisms that explain the susceptibility to seizures in infants and children. All these factors must be considered when a treatment plan is formulated, including the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for infants and children. Future directions should include the development of age-specific models and clinical trials to study seizures and epilepsy in people of all ages.
Potentially avoidable hospital admissions in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in the USA: a retrospective analysis

Summary Background Older adults (≥60 years of age) with acute myeloid leukaemia spend a substantial proportion of their life in hospital after diagnosis. We examined reasons for their hospital admissions and identified potentially avoidable hospital admissions (PAH) in this age group in the USA. Methods In this retrospective analysis, we examined the reasons for hospital admissions in older patients diagnosed with and treated for acute myeloid leukaemia at two tertiary care hospitals in the USA. We included patients receiving intensive induction chemotherapy or non-intensive treatment. We excluded those with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, those seen only for a one-time consultation who received primary treatment elsewhere, and those who received supportive care alone. We identified the eligible cohort using the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital Leukemia Clinical Research Information Systems database. Practising oncologists used a consensus-driven medical record review process to identify the primary reason for each hospital admission and categorise it as potentially avoidable or not avoidable on the basis of an adaptation of Graham's criteria for PAH. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify predictors of PAH. Findings Between May 1, 2005, and Dec 23, 2011, we assessed 1040 hospital admissions (excluding initial admission for diagnosis) in 329 consecutively admitted patients. The most common primary reasons for hospital admissions were: fever or infection (396 [38%]), planned admission for chemotherapy or transplantation (391 [38%]), and uncontrolled symptoms (102 [10%]). We identified 172 (27%) of 649 unplanned hospital admissions as potentially avoidable; among these admissions, 82 (48%) were readmissions because of previous premature hospital discharge, 32 (19%) because of problems that could have been managed in the outpatient setting, and 26 (15%) because of failure of timely outpatient follow-up. In a mixed logistic regression model, higher education (odds ratio 1·43 [95% CI 1·01–2·00]; p=0·04) and receipt of non-intensive induction chemotherapy (1·97 [1·25–3·10]; p=0·003) were predictors of PAH. Interpretation Although many hospital admissions in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia are unavoidable and driven by the illness course and its treatment, a substantial proportion are potentially avoidable. Future interventions to reduce PAH in this population are clearly warranted. Funding National Cancer Institute, National Palliative Care Research Center, and Cambia Health Foundation.
Newer drugs for general anesthesia.

Whenever a general anesthetic is administered, the patient's safety must have priority over convenience for the surgeon or pleasantness for the patient. Adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide for elimination are mandatory after respiratory depressant drugs have been given. Hazards in the use of ultra-short-acting barbiturates, muscle relaxants, hypotensive drugs and trichloroethylene are noted. The safety advantages of ether in comparison with all other general anesthetic agents are re-emphasized.
The Importance of Monitoring Dialysis Adequacy in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis

The case of a patient who was noted to be malnourished but improved after his dialysis dose was increased is presented. This case and the discussion that follows emphasize the importance of proactively monitoring peritoneal dialysis adequacy and nutritional intake, supporting the notion that the dose of peritoneal dialysis is a major determinant of appetite and, consequently, of nutritional status. In the clinical setting, this influence is best indicated by changes in the serum albumin level and ultimately in long-term patient survival. The case discussion reviews the major principles and supporting literature, describing how we target peritoneal dialysis delivery and optimize nutritional status in an effort to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Cavity Ring-Down Absorption of O2 in Air as a Temperature Sensor for an Open and a Cryogenic Optical Cavity:

The A-band of oxygen has been measured at low resolution at temperatures between 90 K and 373 K using the phase shift cavity ring down (PS-CRD) technique. For temperatures between 90 K and 295 K, the PS-CRD technique presented here involves an optical cavity attached to a cryostat. The static cell and mirrors of the optical cavity are all inside a vacuum chamber at the same temperature of the cryostat. The temperature of the cell can be changed between 77 K and 295 K. For temperatures above 295 K, a hollow glass cylindrical tube without windows has been inserted inside an optical cavity to measure the temperature of air flowing through the tube. The cavity consists of two highly reflective mirrors which are mounted parallel to each other and separated by a distance of 93 cm. In this experiment, air is passed through a heated tube. The temperature of the air flowing through the tube is determined by measuring the intensity of the oxygen absorption as a function of the wavenumber. The A-band of oxygen is measured between 298 K and 373 K, with several air flow rates. To obtain the temperature, the energy of the lower rotational state for seven selected rotational transitions is linearly fitted to a logarithmic function that contains the relative intensity of the rotational transition, the initial and final rotational quantum numbers, and the energy of the transition. Accuracy of the temperature measurement is determined by comparing the calculated temperature from the spectra with the temperature obtained from a calibrated thermocouple inserted at the center of the tube. This flowing air temperature sensor will be used to measure the temperatures of cooling air at the input (cold air) and output (hot air) after cooling the blades of a laboratory gas turbine. The results could contribute to improvements in turbine blade cooling design.
Event-by-Event Fission Modeling with FREYA

For many years, the state of the art for treating fission in radiation transport codes has involved sampling from average distributions, limiting their utility for correlated observables. Recently, several Monte Carlo codes have become available that calculate complete fission events, making it possible to retain the complete kinematic information on the fragments, neutrons, and photons resulting from each fission event and thus extract any desired observables, including correlations. The fast event-by-event fission code FREYA (Fission Reaction Event Yield Algorithm) generates large samples of complete fission events while employing only a few physics-based parameters. We compare our FREYA results with available data on prompt photon emission and we discuss recent results on parameter optimization and validation.
Time-of-day Visibility-based Pedestrian Gap Acceptance Model for Two-Way Stop Controlled Crossings

Abstract Conventional traffic engineering studies at two-way stop controlled (TWSC) pedestrian crossing locations have been largely interested in estimation of capacity and delay impacts due to pedestrian impedance. Review of the literature indicates that pedestrian gap acceptance behavior at TWSC locations has not been investigated in detail. The objective of this research was to obtain and use empirical observations from study sites in Alabama to develop pedestrian gap acceptance models at TWSC pedestrian crossings. Visibility due to daylight conditions was also explored. Discrete choice models with underlying normal and logistic distribution of error terms were developed. From the set of developed models, a probit model was found to be suitable for further empirical validation. Based on this model, gap length, presence of vehicle at minor street waiting for right of way, opportunity to cross the street in lag, and daylight visibility were found to affect pedestrian gap acceptance. This study broadens empirical pedestrian behavior model development to TWSC locations and is the first of its kind to elaborate on visibility impacts.
Supplemental Milestones for Emergency Medicine Residency Programs: A Validation Study.

Introduction: Emergency Medicine (EM) residency programs may be 36 or 48 months in length. The Residency Review Committee for EM requires that 48-month programs provide educational justification for the incremental 12 months. We developed additional milestones that EM training programs might use to outcomes in domains that meet this accreditation requirement. This study aims to validate these supplemental milestones using a similar methodology to that of the original EM Milestones validation study. Methods: A panel of EM program directors and content experts at two institutions identified domains of additional training not covered by the existing EM Milestones. This led to the development of 6 novel subcompetencies: Operations and Administration, Critical Care, Leadership and Management, Research, Teaching and Learning, and Career Development. Subject-matter experts at other 48-month EM residency programs refined the milestones for these subcompetencies. Program directors of all 48-month EM programs were then asked to order the proposed milestones using the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition for each subcompetency. Data analysis mirrored that used in the original EM Milestones validation study, leading to the final version of our supplemental milestones. Results: Twenty of 33 subjects (58.8%) completed the study. No subcompetency or individual milestone met deletion criteria. Of the 97 proposed milestones, 67 (69.1%) required no further editing and remained at the same level as proposed by the study authors. Thirty milestones underwent level changes: 15 (15.5%) were moved one level up and 13 (13.4%) were moved one level down. One milestone (1.0%) in ‘Leadership and Management’ was moved two levels up, and one milestone in ‘Operations and Administration’ was moved two levels down. One milestone in ‘Research’ was ranked by the survey respondents at one level higher than that proposed by the authors, however this milestone was kept at its original level assignment. Conclusion: Six additional subcompetencies were generated and validated using the same methodology as was used to validate the current EM Milestones. These optional milestones may serve as an additional set of assessment tools that will allow EM residency programs to report these additional educational outcomes using a familiar milestone rubric.
Introduction to Optical Storage

In comparison with magnetic discs, the most significant points about current optical storage media are that: They have a high capacity. They hold non-erasable information. They are robust and durable. They have a relatively slow response time when read.
Behavioral and neural markers of cigarette-craving regulation in young-adult smokers during abstinence and after smoking

Cigarette craving contributes substantially to the maintenance of tobacco use disorder. Behavioral strategies to regulate craving may facilitate smoking cessation but remain underexplored. We adapted an emotion-regulation strategy, using proximal/distal self-positioning, to the context of cigarette craving to examine craving regulation in 42, daily smokers (18-25 years old). After overnight abstinence from smoking, before and after smoking their first cigarette of the day, participants viewed videos of natural scenes presenting young adults who were either smoking cigarettes ("smoke") or not ("non-smoke"). Before each video, participants were instructed to imagine themselves either immersed in the scene ("close") or distanced from it ("far"). They rated their craving after each video. Task-based fMRI data are presented for a subsample of participants (N = 21). We found main effects of smoking, instruction, and video type on craving-lower ratings after smoking than before, following the "far" vs. "close" instructions, and when viewing non-smoke vs. smoke videos. Before smoking, "smoke" vs. "non-smoke" videos elicited activation in, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, lateral parietal cortex, mid-occipital cortex, ventral striatum, dorsal caudate, and midbrain. Smoking reduced activation in anterior cingulate, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral temporal poles. Activation was reduced in the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex after the "far" vs. the "close" instruction, suggesting less engagement with the stimuli during distancing. The results indicate that proximal/distal regulation strategies impact cue-elicited craving, potentially via downregulation of the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex, and that smoking during abstinence may increase cognitive control capacity during craving regulation.
Whole-genome sequences suggest long term declines of spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) populations in California

We analyzed whole-genome data of four spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) to provide a broad-scale assessment of the genome-wide nucleotide diversity across S. occidentalis populations in California. We assumed that each of the four samples was representative of its population and we estimated effective population sizes through time for each corresponding population. Our estimates provided evidence of long-term population declines in all California S. occidentalis populations. We found no evidence of genetic differentiation between northern spotted owl (S. o. caurina) populations in the counties of Marin and Humboldt in California. We estimated greater differentiation between populations at the northern and southern extremes of the range of the California spotted owl (S. o. occidentalis) than between populations of S. o. occidentalis and S. o. caurina in northern California. The San Diego County S. o. occidentalis population was substantially diverged from the other three S. occidentalis populations. These whole-genome data support a pattern of isolation-by-distance across spotted owl populations in California, rather than elevated differentiation between currently recognized subspecies.
Highly Stable Battery Pack via Insulated, Reinforced, Buckling-Enabled Interconnect Array

This work describes a flexible and stretchable battery pack configuration that exhibits highly stable performance under large deformation up to 100% biaxial stretching. Using stress-enduring printable inks and serpentine interconnects, the new screen-printing route offers an attractive solution for converting rigid battery units into a flexible, stretchable energy storage device. Coin-cell lithium ion batteries are thus assembled onto the island regions of a screen-printed, buckling-enabled, polymer-reinforced interconnect "island-bridge" array. Most of the strain on the new energy-storage device is thus accommodated by the stress-enduring serpentine structures, and the array is further reinforced by mechanically strong "backbone" layers. Battery pack arrays are assembled and tested under different deformation levels, demonstrating a highly stable performance (<2.5% change) under all test conditions. A light emitting diode band powered by the battery pack is tested on-body, showing uninterrupted illumination regardless of any degrees of deformation. Moreover, battery-powered devices that are ultrastable under large deformation can be easily fabricated by incorporating different electronics parts such as sensors or integrated circuits on the same platform. Such ability to apply traditionally rigid, bulky lithium ion batteries onto flexible and stretchable printed surfaces holds considerable promise for diverse wearable applications.
Recurring circadian disruption alters circadian clock sensitivity to resetting

A single phase advance of the light:dark (LD) cycle can temporarily disrupt synchrony of neural circadian rhythms within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and between the SCN and peripheral tissues. Compounding this, modern life can involve repeated disruptive light conditions. To model chronic disruption to the circadian system, we exposed male mice to more than a month of a 20-hr light cycle (LD10:10), which mice typically cannot entrain to. Control animals were housed under LD12:12. We measured locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms in vivo, and rhythms of PER2::LUC bioluminescence in SCN and peripheral tissues ex vivo. Unexpectedly, we discovered strong effects of the time of dissection on circadian phase of PER2::LUC bioluminescent rhythms, which varied across tissues. White adipose tissue was strongly reset by dissection, while thymus phase appeared independent of dissection timing. Prior light exposure impacted the SCN, resulting in strong resetting of SCN phase by dissection for mice housed under LD10:10, and weak phase shifts by time of dissection in SCN from control LD12:12 mice. These findings suggest that exposure to circadian disruption may desynchronize SCN neurons, increasing network sensitivity to perturbations. We propose that tissues with a weakened circadian network, such as the SCN under disruptive light conditions, or with little to no coupling, for example, some peripheral tissues, will show increased resetting effects. In particular, exposure to light at inconsistent circadian times on a recurring weekly basis disrupts circadian rhythms and alters sensitivity of the SCN neural pacemaker to dissection time.
Self Analytics and Personal Digital Archives in University Collections

As college and university archives grapple with donations of born-digital materials, they have yet to establish best practices and workflows for personally collected data such as that collected by ...
Institutionalizing community engagement: A quantitative approach to identifying patterns of engagement based on institutional characteristics

Community engagement is recognized as a high - impact practice in higher education. However, while best practices in engagement have been broadly accepted, standard metrics for engage- ment across institutions have not yet been established. The purpose of this research study was to explore the relationship between community engagement and a variety of institutional charac- teristics among higher education institutions in a Southeastern state. Findings indicated that a pattern of engagement existed among the 48 participating institutions.
Recent Advances in D-Xylose Conversion by Yeasts

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights recent advances in D-Xylose Conversion by Yeasts. Next to D-glucose, D-xylose is the most abundant carbohydrate derived from woods, agricultural residues, and other plant materials. Xylose along with glucose are potential substrates for conversion to useful products such as ethanol. The recent global energy situation has stimulated a great deal of interest by research organizations to examine more closely the potential of conversion of xylose to ethanol. This chapter reviews the recent developments in the area of xylose conversion to ethanol by yeasts. Yeasts, in general, are a better choice for fermentation of carbohydrates to ethanol than are other microorganisms because of their high fermentation rate, ethanol tolerance, and high ethanol yield. Yeasts, in general, do not convert pentoses to ethanol effectively. The enzyme systems in yeasts normally enable them to assimilate pentoses to produce pentitols. The conversion of pentoses to pentitols by yeasts serves these purposes: (1) production of reserve carbohydrates to be utilized when needed as carbon and energy sources, (2) storage of reducing power, and (3) osmoregulation. Recent research in the area of D-xylose utilization by yeasts has demonstrated that many yeasts are able to produce ethanol from isomerized D-xylose. They also produce ethanol from D-xylose when D-xylose isomerase is present. As the use of D-xylose isomerase would increase the cost for the conversion of biomass derived sugars to ethanol, reduction in the cost of isomerase and maintenance of isomerase stability during the isomerization–fermentation process is important. The use of yeast or yeast mutants for the direct ethanol production from D-xylose would not require isomerase; this could lower the costs considerably. However, further improvement of yeast strains that are able to produce ethanol from D-xylose is required.
Pendant Functionalized Polyester Nanofibers with Dual Cargo Release

Common polymeric biomaterials lack the ability to control the release of multiple bioactive compounds due to their inherent lack of functionality. These materials often require additional component...
Moishezon's theorem and degeneration

Abstract Let L be a tensor product of two very ample line bundles on the smooth projective complex threefold X. Under the hypothesis that H 0 ( X , K X ( L ) ) ≠ 0 , we show that the restriction map r : Pic X → Pic Y is an isomorphism for very general Y in the linear system | L | . For such L this result recovers the Noether-Lefschetz theorem of Moishezon, who extended the original topological and Hodge-theoretic arguments of Lefschetz. We give a degeneration argument which is almost completely algebraic in nature.
Mycobacterium Abscessus Native Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis. Is a Six-Week Course of Combination Antibiotic Therapy Enough?

A 24-year-old Caucasian woman with a history of intravenous drug abuse and multiple hospital admissions for substance abuse related medical problems presented with pneumonia and was discharged home on oral antibiotics. Three days later, her blood culture grew acid fast bacilli, which was subsequently identified as M. abscessus subspecies abscessus. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram (TTE and TEE respectively) was suggestive of tricuspid valve (TV) endocarditis. CT scan of the chest showed evidence of septic pulmonary emboli, pneumonic consolidation and pleural effusion requiring chest tube placement. BAL and blood cultures grew Mycobacterium abscessus while pleural fluid cultures remained sterile. She was treated with a combination antibiotic therapy and completed a six-week course with resolution of her symptoms and microbiological cure. We present this rare case of M. abscessus native tricuspid valve endocarditis associated with lung infection treated with a short course of combination antibiotic therapy.
Stress and family relationships among college student parents: A mixed methods study:

College student parents represent a unique population because they are typically low-income, accrue more debt than traditional students, and must balance the role of student and parent. Using a mix...
The organizational growth mindset: Animating improvement and innovation in medical education.

Imagine this UME Curriculum Committee meeting. After a presentation about the institution's recent challenges and accomplishments, the committee chair requests new ideas for curriculum reform that build upon the institution's successes. A junior faculty member, new to the committee, raises an idea. Longtime educators, prominent scientists, and clinicians nod intently. Then a student offers an idea. Then one of the senior members. An open, reaching conversation about real innovation was just what the chair expected.
Social Media Debate Position 3: Social Media as a Credible Source of Information

This article examines the ways in which social media has grown into a commonly used source of information and news. It considers the ways social media can be both an asset and a hindrance to the sp...
Maximizing Social Equity as a Pillar of Public Administration: An Examination of Dispensary Licensing in Pennsylvania

Public administration upholds four key pillars for administrative practice: economy, efficiency, effectiveness, and social equity. The question arises, however, how do administrators balance these often-competing priorities when implementing policy? Can the values which contributed to administrative decisions be measured? This study leverages the expansion of medical cannabis programs in the states to interrogate these questions. Focusing on the awarding of dispensary licenses in Pennsylvania affords the ability to determine the effect of social equity scoring on license award decision, relative to criteria that represent the other pillars of public administration. The results show that safety and business acumen were the most important determining factors in the awarding of licenses, both effectiveness and efficiency concerns. Social equity does not emerge as a significant determinant.
A Meta-analysis of Media Consumption and Rape Myth Acceptance.

The prevalence of rape myths, or false beliefs about rape that blame victims of sexual violence and excuse perpetrators of sexual violence, has been documented throughout a wide range of media content. However, previous meta-analyses of media consumption and rape myth acceptance (RMA) have focused on pornography, and these studies are over ten years old. This research addresses this gap with a meta-analysis studying the relationship between the consumption of all types of media and RMA. Thirty-two studies (N = 12,016) met inclusion criteria. The overall weighted mean effect size was r = 0.09 (p < .001), indicating a small but statistically significant relationship, where media consumption is correlated with greater RMA. Sub-analyses indicated that a few media types, especially violent pornography and general pornography, drove this relationship. Results are discussed in terms of cultivation theory, social cognitive theory, and sexual scripting theory. The results highlight needs for: research exploring the relationship between diverse types of media consumption and RMA, pornography research distinguishing between violent and nonviolent pornographic content, and rape myth-focused media literacy interventions that target adolescents and young adults.
Molecular Systematics of Tribe Physarieae (Brassicaceae) Based on Nuclear ITS, LUMINIDEPENDENS, and Chloroplast ndhF

Physarieae is a small tribe of herbaceous annual and woody perennial mustards that are mostly endemic to North America, with its members including a large amount of variation in floral, fruit, and chromosomal variation. Building on a previous study of Physarieae based on morphology and ndhF plastid DNA, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the tribe using new sequence data from two nuclear markers, and compared the new topologies against previously published cpDNA-based phylogenetic hypotheses. The novel analyses included ca. 420 new sequences of ITS and LUMINIDEPENDENS (LD) markers for 39 and 47 species, respectively, with sampling accounting for all seven genera of Physarieae, including nomenclatural type species, and 11 outgroup taxa. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses showed that these additional markers were largely consistent with the previous ndhF data that supported the monophyly of Physarieae and resolved two major clades within the tribe, i.e., DDNLS (Dithyrea, Dimorphocarpa, Nerisyrenia, Lyrocarpa, and Synthlipsis) and PP (Paysonia and Physaria). New analyses also increased internal resolution for some closely related species and lineages within both clades. The monophyly of Dithyrea and the sister relationship of Paysonia to Physaria was consistent in all trees, with the sister relationship of Nerisyrenia to Lyrocarpa supported by ndhF and ITS, and the positions of Dimorphocarpa and Synthlipsis shifted within the DDNLS Clade depending on the employed data set. Finally, using the strong, new phylogenetic framework of combined cpDNA + nDNA data, we discussed standing hypotheses of trichome evolution in the tribe suggested by ndhF.
The Accumulation of Human and Non-human Capital

The purpose of this paper is to present the first fully comparable measures of investment in human and non-human capital. Our most important innovation is to define human capital in terms of lifetime labour incomes for all individuals in the population. Our second innovation is to integrate demographic accounts with economic accounts. The measurement of investment in human capital is based on a system of demographic accounts. The measurement of investment in non-human capital is based on economic accounts for the accumulation of investment goods. We implement these concepts through a new system of national accounts for the United States, covering the period 1947–73.
Atrial flutter: Clinical risk factors and adverse outcomes in the Framingham Heart Study

Background Few epidemiologic cohort studies have evaluated atrial flutter (flutter) as an arrhythmia distinct from atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical correlates of flutter and its associated outcomes to distinguish them from those associated with AF in the Framingham Heart Study. Methods We reviewed and adjudicated electrocardiograms (ECGs) previously classified as flutter or AF/flutter and another 100 ECGs randomly selected from AF cases. We examined the clinical correlates of flutter by matching up to 5 AF and 5 referents to each flutter case using a nested case referent design. We determined the 10-year outcomes associated with flutter with Cox models. Results During mean follow-up of 33.0 ± 12.2 years, 112 participants (mean age 72 ± 10 years, 30% women) developed flutter. In multivariable analyses, smoking (odds ratio [OR] 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54–5.23), increased PR interval (OR 1.28 per SD, 95% CI 1.03–1.60), myocardial infarction (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.05–4.80) and heart failure (OR 5.22, 95% CI 1.26–21.64) were associated with incident flutter. In age- and sex-adjusted models, flutter (vs referents) was associated with 10-year increased risk of AF (hazard ratio [HR] 5.01, 95% CI 3.14–7.99), myocardial infarction (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.42–6.59), heart failure (HR 4.14, 95% CI 1.90–8.99), stroke (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.13–4.17), and mortality (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.44–2.79). Conclusion We identified the clinical correlates associated with flutter and observed that flutter was associated with multiple adverse outcomes.
Composite Pd and Pd/Alloy Membranes

This chapter deals with the synthesis and characterization of composite Pd and Pd/alloy membranes for hydrogen separation and reaction applications. The electroless plating of Pd on porous stainless steel with an intermetallic diffusion barrier is emphasized. Membranes with the intermetallic diffusion barrier prepared by the in-situ oxidation coupled with bi-metal multilayer (BMML) deposition have been shown to be stable under reaction conditions for over 6,000 h at 500°C.
An Island of Evolutionary Exuberance

The Natural History of Madagascar Steven M. Goodman and Jonathan P. Benstead, Eds. . University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003. 1731 pp. $85, £59.50. ISBN 0-226-30306-3. Besides providing a comprehensive account of Madagascar's diverse and highly endemic flora and fauna, the nearly 300 authors cover such topics as the history of scientific work on the island, geology, human ecology, and conservation efforts.
Methodologies for automated telephone answering

We survey some of the approaches to dialogue representation and processing for modern telephone answering systems. We include discussions of their strong and weak points and some of the performance levels obtained by them.
Theory and experiments in vision-based grasping

Flexible operation of a robotic agent requires interaction with an uncalibrated or partially calibrated environment through the use of sensing. Much of the recent work in robotics and computer vision has concentrated upon the active observation of dynamic targets by the robotic agent. This paper focuses on autonomous interaction with moving targets in the environment. In particular, the authors propose a system that performs autonomous grasping of a moving target in an uncalibrated environment. The proposed system is derived using the controlled active vision framework and provides the flexibility to robustly interact with the environment in the presence of uncertainty The proposed work is experimentally verified using the Minnesota Robotic Visual Tracker (MRVT) to select targets of interest, to derive estimates of unknown environmental parameters, and to supply a control vector based upon these estimates to guide the manipulator in both the tracking and the grasping of a target.
Spatial representation of elementary algebra

The author's understanding of a concept is tightly connected to the way one represents that concept. Traditionally, mathematics is presented textually. As a consequence, novice errors in elementary algebra for example, are due as much to misunderstandings of the nature of tokens as they are to miscomprehensions of the mathematical ideas represented by the tokens. The author outlines a spatial algebra by mapping the structure of commutative groups onto the structure of space. We interact with spatial representations through natural behavior in an inclusive environment. When the environment enforces the transformational invariants of algebra, the spatial representation affords experiential learning. Experiential algebra permits algebraic proof through direct manipulation and can be readily implemented in virtual reality. The techniques used to create spatial algebra lay a foundation for the exploration of experiential learning of mathematics in virtual environments. >