cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carcinoma of the breast during estrogen replacement therapy

13 patients (aged 40-70) with cases of breast cancer in the surgical pathology files at The Methodist Hospital in Houston were reported to be taking estrogens up to the time of surgery. Median duration of therapy was 6 years. The patients had taken Hormonin (1) depot injections (1) and Premarin (11). When the mastectomy slides were coded and mixed with slides from mastectomies of patients specifically denying hormone ingestion the researchers failed on repeated efforts to separate the 2 groups on microscopic examination of either malignant or benign components. The numbers of cases of lobular cancer (2) medullary carcinoma (10) and comedocarcinoma (1) in the hormone-treated group are unextraordinary judging with reference to statistics of large series of breast carcinomas in the literature. The cancer types found included infiltrating carcinoma lobular carcinoma in situ comedocarcinoma and medullary carcinoma. Judging from the most rapid doubling time known for breast cancer (2 years to reach 1 cm) at least 2 of the patients almost undoubtedly had carcinoma before the start of therapy. Only 1 patient who was castrated at age 20 and received a variety of estrogen preparations for 32 years before developing breast cancer could be seriously considered to have developed a neoplasm through estrogen therapy. Her tumor was a typical infiltrating ductal carcinoma the rest of the breast showing mammary duct ectasia with inactive lobules. If a relationship exists between estrogens and breast cancer negative or positive other than morphological means are needed to discern it.
Facet defining inequalities for the dichotomous knapsack problem

Facet defining inequalities for an equivalent form of the dichotomous knapsack problem (DKP) are derived. All nontrivial canonical facets associated with DKP are characterized and for a special case of DKP the class of facets are characterized which will guarantee that the corresponding linear programming relaxation has an integral optimal solution.
Highly Branched Polyethylene from Ethylene Alone via a Single Zirconium-Based Catalyst

A single zirconium-based constrained geometry catalyst (Me2Si(η1-C29H36)(η1-N-tBu)ZrCl2·OEt2/methylaluminoxane) has been employed to produce homopolymers of ethylene which contain degrees of branching unprecedented for early transition metal systems. A variable density of long branches is observed (10−50 branches per thousand carbon atoms) with strong dependences on both polymerization temperature and pressure. These branches are attributed to the exceptionally facile incorporation of long α-olefin macromonomers formed in situ via the usual β-hydride elimination of polymer chains. Additionally, a relatively constant low degree of ethyl branches is observed (∼5 branches per thousand carbon atoms) under all polymerization conditions; this is attributed to β-hydride transfer to monomer followed by immediate reinsertion of the coordinated olefin-terminated polymer into the formed metal−ethyl bond.
UTR dinucleotide simple sequence repeat evolution exhibits recurring patterns including regulatory sequence motif replacements

New genome sequence information was used to study evolution of 22 dinucleotide simple sequence repeat (diSSR) sites whose upstream flanking sequences were shown to be conserved comparing Homo sapiens with the marsupial, Monodelphis domestica. Among mammals, most of these diSSR sites were conserved both upstream and downstream of the diSSR. However, individual diSSRs were frequently replaced by alternative repeats. Conserved among mammals examined, the Vsnl1 gene's 3' UTR-localized (AC)n repeat replaced an A-rich tract in non-mammalian vertebrates examined. The Sema6D gene's (GT)n was also well conserved among mammals examined. Such conservation provides evidence of a functional role. The UTR-localized diSSRs of other genes evolved by replacing alternative diSSRs, by replacing mononucleotide-rich tracts and, in fewer cases, by expansion from short repeating sequences. Extension of the study to less conserved diSSR sites revealed that some diSSRs replaced post-transcriptional regulatory motifs, such as AU-rich elements (AREs) and C-rich tracts. The Mtap2 gene's UTR-localized (AC)n was located within a known dendritic targeting element. These evolutionary replacements suggest that some diSSRs belong to a broader group of weak-folding repetitive sequences with potential regulatory roles.
Exo-planet detection via stellar intensity correlation interferometry

This paper considers the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect and its application to astrometry in the service of extra-solar planet detection, particularly terrestrial planets at a range of 15 pc or less. The system considered comprises several modest-sized telescopes (light collectors) each equipped with photodetection apparatus and the means to record the photodetector signal time-history. At some convenient location, the cross-correlations of the individual light collector photodetection histories is computed to yield, in turn, a collection of values for the magnitudes of the mutual coherence of the target scene at various measurement baselines. With this type of observation system, we show that if there are known guide stars within the picture frame, the computed coherence magnitudes may be used to infer the apparent motion of the target star. Provided sufficiently large measurement baselines, the resolution of the target star motion can be very fine. We first compute the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio of a single coherence magnitude measurement and then, using simple models of the telescope array and the target star gravitational perturbation due to a terrestrial planet, we compute the SNR for determination of the planet orbit parameters, up to the determinacy afforded by astrometric measurements. We have provided expressions for the region in the (planetary mass-orbital semi-major axis) plane for which SNR is above a desired value. With these results, we can determine the sensitivity and range of the overall instrument for astrometry in planet detection. Moreover, one can assess the relative advantages of this technique in comparison with amplitude interferometry.
Orgin of a precambrian ultramafic intrusion in southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A.

The Preacher Creek ultramafic body is a small, lenticular-shaped intrusion of peridotite exposed in an ancient (2400–2500 m.y.), regionally metamorphosed terrane in southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A. The central core of the body consists of clinopyroxene-olivine peridotite and is surrounded by a marginal rim of peridotite in which orthopyroxene and plagioclase also occur as primary minerals. Alteration of primary minerals is relatively minor. However, at the contact with the country rock progressive alteration of the peridotite to actinolite and chlorite is locally severe. Chemical study of the effect of this alteration indicates that no more than minor changes from the primary composition of the peridotite have occurred. Petrographic studies reveal accumulative textures characteristic of stratiform complexes. Cryptic layering in the body is indicated by partial chemical analyses of the two major primary minerals, olivine and clinopyroxene.
Limits of Ligand Selectivity from Docking to Models: In Silico Screening for A1 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are attractive targets for pharmaceutical research. With the recent determination of several GPCR X-ray structures, the applicability of structure-based computational methods for ligand identification, such as docking, has increased. Yet, as only about 1% of GPCRs have a known structure, receptor homology modeling remains necessary. In order to investigate the usability of homology models and the inherent selectivity of a particular model in relation to close homologs, we constructed multiple homology models for the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) and docked ∼2.2 M lead-like compounds. High-ranking molecules were tested on the A1AR as well as the close homologs A2AAR and A3AR. While the screen yielded numerous potent and novel ligands (hit rate 21% and highest affinity of 400 nM), it delivered few selective compounds. Moreover, most compounds appeared in the top ranks of only one model. These findings have implications for future screens.
Release of the predicted calcitonin gene-related peptide from cultured rat trigeminal ganglion cells

Release of the predicted calcitonin gene-related peptide from cultured rat trigeminal ganglion cells
Clinical Evaluation of Global Change in Alzheimer's Disease: Identifying Consensus:

It is important that clinicians who rate global change as part of Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical drug trials agree on a relevant set of behaviors and information to be considered in formulating their rating. Yet, consensus among raters has been difficult to establish, and inter-rater reliability of clinical global impression of change (CGIC) ratings has been low. In preparation for the development of a new CGIC scale to be used in AD clinical trials, the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change (ADCS-CGIC), we surveyed clinicians at sites comprising the National Institute on Aging-sponsored ADCS participating centers to identify whether or not consensus regarding CGICs exists. Overall, respondents reported that a CGIC should include an assessment of the patient's function and mental status, a care giver interview, and a standardized set of questions, and it should take approximately 20 minutes per interview. Depending on a patient's level of impairment, raters consider different areas of behavior in formulating a CGIC rating. These findings demonstrate the considerable consensus regarding the CGIC rating process, and were integrated into the design of the ADCS-CGIC, currently in use.
The construction of teleparallel finsler connections and the emergence of an alternative concept of metric compatibility

The issue of whether teleparallel nonlinear connections exist is resolved by their explicit construction on Finslerian metrics that arise in the Robertson test theory of special relativity (RTTSR), and on the Minkowski metric in particular. The method is an adaptation to the Finsler bundle of a similar construction for teleparallel linear connections. It suggests the existence of a concept of metric compatibility alternative toω μλ +ω λμ = 0 for teleparallel nonlinear connections. A sophisticated system of partial differential equations whose solutions have been discussed in the computing literature is interpreted in geometric terms. The characteristics of the solutions are checked against compliance with the conditionω μλ +ω λμ = 0, an issue whose relevance for this theory derives from the fact that nonantisymmetric connections repeatedly appear in teleparallel geometry.
A Review of “Subjects and Masters: Uyghurs in the Mongol Empire”

Reconstructing the lives of several generations of a Uyghur lineage who served the Mongol empire in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Subjects and Masters is a fascinating work of social and...
Regulation of interleukin-8 expression in melanoma-stimulated neutrophil inflammatory response

Inflammation facilitates tumor progression including metastasis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine that regulates polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) mobilization and activity and we hypothesize that this cytokine influences tumor behavior. We have demonstrated that IL-8 is crucial for PMN-mediated melanoma extravasation under flow conditions. In addition, IL-8 is up-regulated in PMNs upon co-culturing with melanoma cells. Melanoma cells induce IkappaB-alpha degradation in PMNs indicating that NF-kappaB signaling is active in PMNs. Furthermore, the production of IL-8 in PMNs is NF-kappaB dependent. We have further identified that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) from PMN-melanoma co-cultures synergistically contribute to IkappaB-alpha degradation and IL-8 synthesis in PMNs. Taken together, these findings show that melanoma cells induce PMNs to secrete IL-8 through activation of NF-kappaB and suggest a model in which this interaction promotes a microenvironment that is favorable for metastasis.
The Design of Broadband 60 GHz AMC Antenna in Multi-Chip RF Data Transmission

This paper presents the design of a 60 GHz antenna to be used in multi-core multi-chip (MCMC) computing systems. The antenna in package (AiP) solution has a ground-shielded metal and a periodically-patched artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to widen the reflection coefficient bandwidth. The designed antenna with AMC layer broadcasts signals in the horizontal direction. Both simulated and measured results demonstrate that a $-10~{\hbox {dB}}$ reflection coefficient is achieved for a 10 GHz bandwidth and that radiation in the horizontal (chip-to-chip) direction is maintained.
Taurine: retinal function

The status and potential functions of taurine in the retina have been reviewed. Taurine is present in high concentrations in the retina of all species tested, while the retinal concentrations of the enzymes necessary to synthesize taurine are presumed to vary among those species. The documented low activity of cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase, a key enzyme in taurine biosynthesis, in the livers of the cat, monkey and human possibly reflect low activity in their retinas, indicating reliance on the diet as an important source of taurine. Both high- and low-affinity binding proteins and uptake systems have been described for taurine in retinal tissue. Evoked release of taurine by light and other depolarizing stimuli have been well documented. Retinal pathologies including diminished ERGs and morphologic changes have been reported for animals and man deficient in taurine. Possible functions for taurine in the retina include: (1) protection of the photoreceptor - based on the shielding effects of taurine on rod outer segments exposed to light and chemicals; (2), regulation of Ca2+ transport - based on the modulatory effects of taurine on Ca2+ fluxes in the presence and absence of ATP; and (3) regulation of signal transduction - based on the inhibitory effects of taurine on protein phosphorylation.
Econometrics as a Capstone Course in Economics

The author describes an econometrics capstone course design at a large public university that offers economics degrees in both business (BBA) and liberal arts (BS). The goal of the capstone is to provide a research experience similar to those in the honors college but on the smaller scale of a one-semester course. The revisions for converting an existing course to a capstone, the student activities adopted, and sample outcomes are addressed. The hurdles overcome within the respective colleges in order to create a capstone course are discussed. Summaries of several student projects as well as publication of faculty-mentored student research papers illustrate the viability of econometrics as a capstone course for institutions unable to establish a stand-alone research course for that purpose.
Impact of human leukocyte antigen-DR mismatch status on kidney graft survival in a predominantly African-American population under the newer immunosuppressive era.

Abstract Background Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR has been shown to be immunogenic and associated with poor long-term graft function. However, under potent induction immunosuppression with antithymocyte globulin, the impact of the HLA-DR remains unclear. Method We reviewed 672 renal transplant recipients who received their transplants between 1998 and 2007. All patients received antithymocyte globulin as induction therapy followed by tacrolimus + prednisone + mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance immunosuppression. We divided the patients into three groups according to HLA-DR mismatch status (zero, one, or two mismatches). Results The three groups were different in total number of mismatches, deceased donor transplant, and delayed graft function, respectively. By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, actuarial graft survival was significantly lower in the HLA-DR two mismatches group (72%) compared to HLA-DR zero mismatches group (78.5%) or HLA-DR one mismatch group (78.5%; P = .05, by log-rank test). Using Cox regression analysis, the risk of graft failure with two HLA-DR mismatches as compared with zero HLA-DR mismatches was 1.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.0–2.44, P = .049). When adjusted for age, wait time, race, type of transplant, retransplant status, T-cell flow crossmatch, delayed graft function, acute rejection, HLA-A and HLA-B, the effect of HLA-DR on survival was not significant ( P = .55). Conclusion The independent effect of HLA-DR mismatches on adverse graft survival is diminished under potent antibody induction and maintenance immunosuppression in our predominantly African-American population.
Exact solutions for a wedge disclination dipole in a transversely isotropic bimaterial

Exact theoretical solutions are derived for a disclination dipole located off or on the interface in a transversely isotropic bimaterial. The solutions are constructed by means of image edge dislocation distributions. Numerical examples show that the stress topography is influenced by the orientational and material inhomogeneities in a complex manner.
Plasma-Electron Resonance, Plasma Resonance and Plasma Shape

Plasma-electron resonance is a completely internal oscillation in a plasma and has a frequency dependent only on the electron density, whereas plasma resonance depends upon boundary conditions as well. The frequency of neither is influenced by the Debye-H\"uckel ion cloud. Previous theory relating plasma-resonance frequency to plasma shape is amplified and demonstrated experimentally.
Aspects of magnetogasdynamic flows involving upstream influence effects

Pour l'analyse mathematique des problemes concernant l'ecoulement d'un fluide en presence d'un champ magnetique dans laquelle les parois nonconductrices existent, on doit considerer la solution des equationsMaxwell dans les regions des parois. Il y a des auteurs qui n'ont pas considere cette solution, et cet article fait commenter sur quelquesuns des problemes qui sont deficitaire dans cette matiere.
Jam Occupancy and Other Lingering Problems with Empirical Fundamental Relationships

This paper explores several commonly overlooked factors affecting empirical fundamental relationships that are commonly used to relate the traffic state parameters: speed, flow, and concentration. Most of these factors are conceptually simple, but collectively they result in unexpectedly large, nonlinear distortions of the empirical traffic state measurements. In some cases the impacts are known but are underappreciated, for example, passenger car equivalents and measurement errors arising from sampling artifacts. In other cases the impacts have not been recognized in the literature; for example, jam occupancy should be about 80%. The paper also discusses often-overlooked effects of an inhomogeneous vehicle fleet and nonstationary traffic, both of which can add considerable noise to empirical measurements of the traffic state. As a result of these distortions, on a freeway more than half the physical distance along the queued regime of the fundamental relationship in the flow-density plane (and flow-occup...
Glenoid articular conformity affects stress distributions in total shoulder arthroplasty

Background The stress applied to the glenoid component in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) remains an important concern because of the risk of wear and loosening. The purpose of this study was to determine the stress pattern in the glenoid component with 3 different surface designs. Methods Computer models of 9 scapulae of patients scheduled for TSA were created from computerized tomography images. Each glenoid was virtually reamed, and 3 different glenoid component designs (conforming, nonconforming, and hybrid) were placed. Using finite element analysis, superior translation of the humeral head was modeled. Maximum stress and shear stress were measured at 3 different locations in the glenoid component: center, transition, and superior regions. Results All 3 designs showed a similar level of maximum stress at the center and transition regions, while the maximum stress at the superior periphery was significantly higher in the conforming design than in the other 2 designs ( P = .0017). The conforming design showed significantly higher shear stress at the superior periphery ( P Discussion Stress from periphery loading is higher than from the center and transition region regardless of component design and is highest in the conforming design. The stress at the transition region of the hybrid design was not higher than the other 2 designs. The hybrid design has favorable characteristics based on its low stress at the periphery and greater contact area with the humeral head at the center.
Hexose uptake and control of fibroblast proliferation.

The role of glucose uptake in control of cell growth was studied by experimentally varying the rate of glucose uptake and examining the subsequent effect on initiation and cessation of cell proliferation. The rate of glucose uptake was varied by adjusting the concentration of glucose in the culture medium. This permitted analysis of two changes in rate of glucose uptake which are closely related to the regulation of cell growth: (1) the rapid increase in glucose uptake that can be detected within several minutes after mitogenic stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts and (2) the decrease in glucose uptake which accompanies growth to a quiescent state. Quiescent cultures of mouse 3T3, human diploid foreskin and secondary chick embryo cells were switched to fresh serum-containing medium with either the normal amount of glucose or a reduced level that lowered the rate of glucose uptake below the rate characteristic of quiescent control cells. The subsequent increases in cell number were equal in both media, demonstrating that the increase in glucose uptake, commonly observed after mitogenic stimulation, was not necessary for initiation of cell division. Measurements of intracellular D-glucose pools after serum stimulation of quiescent cells revealed that the increase in glucose uptake was not accompanied by a detectable change in the intracellular concentration of glucose. Nonconfluent growing cultures of mouse 3T3, human diploid foreskin and secondary chick embryo cells were switched to low glucose media, lowering the rate of glucose uptake below levels observed for quiescent cells. This did not affect rates of DNA synthesis or cell division over a several-day period. Thus, the decrease in glucose uptake, which usually occurs at about the same time as the decrease in DNA synthesis as cells grow to quiescence, does not cause the decline in cell proliferation. Experiments indicated that there was no set temporal relationship between the decline in glucose uptake and DNA synthesis as cells grew to quiescence. The sequence was variable and probably depended on the cell type as well as culture conditions. Measurements of intracellular D-glucose pools in secondary chick embryo cells demonstrated that the internal concentration of glucose in these cells did not significantly vary during growth to quiescence. Taken together, our results show that these fluctuations in the rate of glucose uptake do not lead to detectable changes in the intracellular concentration of glucose and that they do not control cell proliferation rates under usual culture conditions.
MUC1-C oncoprotein suppresses reactive oxygen species–induced terminal differentiation of acute myelogenous leukemia cells

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are characterized by unlimited self-renewal and an impaired capacity to undergo terminal differentiation. The MUC1 oncoprotein is aberrantly expressed in AML cells; however, there has been no evidence for involvement of MUC1 in myeloid leukemogenesis. Cell-penetrating peptide inhibitors of the MUC1-C subunit block its oligomerization and thereby oncogenic function. The present results demonstrate that treatment of human MOLM-14 and MV4-11 AML cells with these inhibitors is associated with arrest of growth, induction of late apoptosis/necrosis, and loss of self-renewal capacity. Similar results were obtained with primary blasts from patients with AML. Inhibition of MUC1-C was associated with increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione. Increases in ROS have been linked to induction of hematopoietic cell differentiation along the myeloid lineage. In this regard, inhibition of MUC1-C was associated with induction of a terminally differentiated myeloid phenotype in AML cell lines and primary blasts by an ROS-dependent mechanism. These findings indicate that MUC1-C function is of importance to AML cell self-renewal and that inhibition of MUC1-C represents a potential therapeutic approach to induce terminal differentiation of AML cells.
Pharmacotherapy in Children and Adolescents With Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Children with autism and the related PDDs may benefit from serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline for targeting repetitive thoughts and behaviors, anxiety, and depressed mood. To date, however, there are few controlled studies of these agents in children with PDD, so definitive evidence is lacking. Despite preliminary results in favor of naltrexone, neuroleptic medication appears to be effective for reducing aggression, self-injurious behavior, agitation, and stereotypies. The primary drawback with traditional neuroleptics is risk of short- and long-term side effects. The newer atypical neuroleptics have the potential for benefit with fewer extrapyramidal side effects, but more study is needed to establish their efficacy and safety. Children on neuroleptic medications should be started at the lowest possible dose, with gradual increases until clinical benefit is observed. The likelihood of untoward side effects is increased if the medication dose is increased rapidly. Baseline measurement of target behaviors can be aided by using standardized scales. The presence of abnormal movements should be assessed before initiating treatment and at regular intervals during the course of treatment--including after medication withdrawal. Weight gain is emerging as a recurrent side effect with the atypical neuroleptics. Thus, weight should be monitored, and the family should be advised about a diet baseline. As with all treatments of children with severe behavioral difficulties, pharmacotherapy should be instituted in the context of an integrated treatment plan.
The radiance and phase-space representations of the cross-spectral density operator☆

Hilbert space operators are introduced into classical wave theory, which make it possible to associate a unique operator with the cross-spectral density. By linearly mapping this operator onto an associated phase-space one obtains a wide class of generalized radiance functions, including two well-known ones that were introduced by Walther in a different manner. When the source is quasi-homogeneous and the wavelength is short enough all these functions become identical; and this unique limit is found to have all the properties of the traditional radiance, at least in the source plane.
The taxpayer resentment and 'neo ultra-rationality' hypotheses

This study empirically investigates two hypotheses, the taxpayer resentment hypothesis and the neo ultra-rationality hypothesis, both of which argue that higher federal budget deficits induce an increase in the degree of aggregate federal personal income tax evasion. Using annual data on two alternative measures of aggregate federal personal income tax evasion for two periods, 1960-2002 and 1960-1997, and allowing for such factors as federal income tax rates, IRS tax return audit rates, and a variable measuring the public's general dissatisfaction with government, it is found that income tax evasion is an increasing function of the budget deficit. Important policy implications of this finding are provided in the concluding section of the study.
Experimental determination of three-fluid saturation profiles in porous media

Abstract A method for nondestructively measuring local saturations with respect to multiple fluids is required for laboratory investigations of separate phase transport in porous media. The distribution of up to three fluids in a medium whose porosity is independent of changes in fluid content may be determined using the dual-gamma (137Cs-241Am) technique. A proposed calibration technique permits calculation of porosity and relative saturations from gamma attenuation data for porous media which are initially saturated with a single fluid. Porosity and saturation profiles measured for sand samples containing air, water and trichloroethylene or perchloro-ethylene are presented.
The use of cationic surfactants and ionic liquids in the detection of microbial contamination by capillary electrophoresis

A rapid test of whether a laboratory sample contains any microorganisms is important and necessary for many areas of science and technology. Currently, most of the standard procedures for the detection of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and fungi, require the preparation of microbial cultures in respective growth media, which are dramatically slow. Different approaches providing fast analysis such as CE are becoming more desired. To compensate for the natural electrophoretic heterogeneity of microbes, various buffer additives were examined to stack all bacteria and fungi in a sample plug into a single peak. This peak was removed from the molecular contaminants in the sample to prevent false positives. Both cationic surfactants and ionic liquids (IL) were investigated as run buffer additives and they are both widely applicable to different species of bacteria and fungi. Given that high concentrations of surfactants can potentially lyse cells, dicationic IL offer attractive auxiliary buffer additives for use in CE-based sterility tests. The analysis can be completed in 10 min, thus providing a great advantage over traditional direct inoculation methods that require several weeks to complete.
Protection of Mice from Lethal Flaviviral Encephalitis by Adoptive Transfer of Splenic Cells from Donors Infected with Live Virus

C3H/RV mice, which are genetically resistant to lethal flaviviral infection were susceptible to lethal challenge with Banzi virus after they were given rabbit antiserum to mouse thymocytes. Congenic C3H/He mice, which are genetically susceptible to lethal flaviviral infection, were protected from lethal challenge with Banzi virus by adoptive immunization with splenic cells from syngeneric or congenic donor mice infected with live virus, as measured by amelioration of clinical disease, death rates, and viral replication. Protection was dependent on thymus cells; mice given immune splenic cells treated with rabbit antiserum to mouse brain and complement had high death rates. Transfer of protection was dependent on time and the dosage of splenic cells. Immune splenic cells from c3h/rv donors were, on a cell-for-cell basis, more effective than immune splenic cells from C3H/He donors in preventing viral replication, encephalitis, and death in C3H/He recipients.
Pulmonary Artery Sling and Tracheal Bronchus Presenting in a 2-Year-Old Child

Pulmonary artery sling is an incomplete vascular ring, the result of the left pulmonary artery arising from the right pulmonary artery and effectively constricting the airway, and it usually presents within the first weeks to months of life. We report a surgical correction of tracheal stenosis for a two-year-old patient associated with pulmonary artery sling and tracheal broncus.
Beyond Core Journal Lists: Identifying the Best Journals for Your Collection

ABSTRACT Core title lists provide guidance on journal selection and retention in the medical specialties. A consensus can easily be reached for popular biomedical titles but not with specialty and subspecialty titles. Discovering which journals are core in niche groups requires further analysis in bibliometrics, peer group comparison, and usage statistics.
Plasticity Induced by Shock Waves in Nonequilibrium Molecular-Dynamics Simulations

Nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations of shock waves in three-dimensional 10-million atom face-centered cubic crystals with cross-sectional dimensions of 100 by 100 unit cells show that the system slips along all of the available {111} slip planes, in different places along the nonplanar shock front. Comparison of these simulations with earlier ones on a smaller scale not only eliminates the possibility that the observed slippage is an artifact of transverse periodic boundary conditions, but also reveals the richness of the nanostructure left behind. By introducing a piston face that is no longer perfectly flat, mimicking a line or surface inhomogeneity in the unshocked material, it is shown that for weaker shock waves (below the perfect-crystal yield strength), stacking faults can be nucleated by preexisting extended defects.
Postfracture interventions disseminated through health care and drug insurers: attempting to integrate fragmented health care delivery

Osteoporosis care after a fracture is often suboptimal. Suboptimal treatment seems to be most common in fragmented health care systems. We examined the literature to assess possible causes for suboptimal postfracture osteoporosis care within fragmented health care systems. The review of the literature did not attempt to meta-analyze prior studies. We found several possible methods for improving postfracture osteoporosis care in a fragmented health care system. These include changes in health care financing, application of information technology, incorporation of case management, the use of system champions, and dissemination of performance measures. The strengths and weaknesses of each of these potential levers for improvement were explored. Postfracture osteoporosis care is sub-optimal and challenging to improve in fragmented health care delivery systems.
Model Simulation of Heat and Water Transport Dynamics in an Airway

Heat and water transport processes in the respiratory tract depend on environmental conditions, breathing patterns, and the physiological state of the respiratory system. To study these processes, we have developed a mathematical model of the dynamics of temperature and water vapor in the radial and axial directions of an idealized trachea. The model is expressed as two implicit finite-difference equations and solved using an alternating-direction algorithm. Using these equations, we simulated the effects of inspired gas temperature and humidity, velocity profile, and flow rate on heat and water transport between the gas and airway wall. Under inspired gas conditions of low temperature or high relative humidity, supersaturation occurs. Increasing either the velocity gradient at the wall or the flow rate increases the heat and water transport rates. However, these rates change by only 10 percent when the velocity gradient is doubled, and by about 35 percent when flow rate undergoes a two-fold change. The model can be used with in-vivo data from the trachea to test hypotheses concerning normal and abnormal heat and water transport.
Structural Effects on the Isomerization Dynamics of trans-Stilbenes: IVR, Microcanonical Reaction Rates, and the Nature of the Transition State

Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy has been used for studying the intramolecular dynamics of trans-stilbene (TS) derivatives. Nonradiative decay rate constants (k_(nr)) of jet-cooled 4-methoxy-trans-stilbene (MS), 4,4‘-dimethoxy-trans-stilbene (DMS), 2-phenylindene (PI), 4,4‘-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (DHS), and 1-(trans-β-styryl)cyclohexene (SCH) have been obtained from time-resolved fluorescence measurements with wide-band detection from photoselected vibrational states in the S_1 manifold. Time- and frequency-resolved fluorescence have been measured to characterize intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) in the first three of these molecules. Statistical nonadiabatic RRKM theory is applied to model the energy dependence of k_(nr) and extract the reaction barriers. Dispersed fluorescence is measured and analyzed in order to determine the substitution effect on vibrational frequencies most significant to the RRKM calculations. While k_(nr) is almost invariant to para substitution of a methoxy group, with similar isomerization thresholds for MS and TS (E_0^(MS) ∼ E_0^(TS)), a dramatic slowing of the rate is observed in both disubstituted derivatives, and reaction barriers of ∼1800 and 1700 cm^(-1) are derived for DMS and DHS, respectively. The altered conjugation of the system in SCH produces a large blue shift of the 0_0^0 and results in a lowering of the isomerization barrier (E_0^(SCH) < 740 cm^(-1)). The twisting around the ethylenic double bond (C_e−C_e) is prevented upon intramolecular bridging in PI, but another nonradiative channel, attributed to twisting around the C_e−C_φ single bond, is modeled by RRKM theory with E_0^(PI) ∼ 1770 cm^(-1). From the electronic structure effects on both E0 and the shift of the S_1 transition, we elucidate the nature of the transition state, as zwitterionic, and we correlate substitution effects with the HOMO/LUMO (frontier orbital) description. The results are relevant to studies in polar solutions and to the dimensionality of the reaction coordinate in the dynamics of barrier crossing.
ADOPTIVE MATERNAL CONCERNS AND BELIEFS

As Part of a larger study of maternal-adopted infant behaviors, an interview schedule was administered to 17 adoptive and 13 birth mothers. A qualitative item analysis was used for the interviews. Comparisons were made between birth and adoptive mother's responses. Mean age of the adoptive mothers was 33.6±4 yrs with adopted infants 11±9 weeks. Mean age of the birth mothers was 31.3±5 yrs with infants 8±9 weeks. There was no difference in SES, maternal education or previous mothering experience. Four themes developed: 1) fantasy about their infant; 2) maternal role acquisition; 3) anticipatory planning; and 4) infant's characteristics. Ninety-two percent of birth mothers had fantasy about their infant. However, 24% of adoptive mothers fantasized that their infant would be taken away. While 92% of birth mothers described their maternal role acquisition as gradual, 52% of adoptive mothers stated it was “right away”. 29% felt the adopted infant was a stranger and they felt like a “babysitter”. Anticipatory planning or “nesting” behaviors were described by 77% of birth mothers; only 29% of adoptive mothers performed nesting behaviors prior to placement; 41% after placement. Both birth and adoptive mothers had similar beliefs regarding infant's activity level, physical features, temperament and cognitive features. Themes that emerged that were of concern to adoptive mothers were: the shared experience of adoption (due to birth parents), ambiguity or protective coping feeling of possible relinquishment and antagonistic feelings regarding the adoption process. Thus, our study found differences in concerns and feelings between birth and adoptive mothers.
Propagators and effective potentials in anti-de Sitter space

Abstract We calculate the propagator and one-loop effective potential for a scalar in an n -dimensional anti-de Sitter background. The computation is done by directly summing the modes appropriate to supersymmetric boundary conditions as well as by analytic continuation from the euclidean n -sphere. We show that the direct mode sum gives a physically reasonable potential which disagrees with the one obtained by analytic continuation from S n .
The international assault against Israel

This article deals with the insidious propaganda campaign against the state of Israel by official and unofficial international organizations, human rights groups, the media and academic institutions, in addition to Palestinian and Arab spokespersons, to challenge the legitimacy of the Jewish state and to demonize it. The campaign is to some extent code for thinly veiled antisemitism, but it also results from a number of factors: admiration of third-worldism and disapproval of democratic systems and values, and adopting as meaningful and relevant to criticism of Israel modern post-modernist thought, cultural relativism and multiculturalism.
Deep Sequencing of the Transcriptomes of Soybean Aphid and Associated Endosymbionts

Background The soybean aphid has significantly impacted soybean production in the U.S. Transcriptomic analyses were conducted for further insight into leads for potential novel management strategies.
Immunocytochemical localization of extracellular matrix components in beagle periodontium: I. Collagen types I and III in healthy gingival connective tissue.

The localization and identification of types I and III collagen in healthy gingival connective tissue of the beagle dog were investigated using indirect immunofluore-scent and immunoferritin electron microscopic techniques with affinity purified antibody or IgG. Type I collagen was evenly distributed throughout the lamina propria and the underlying connective tissue in the form of thick collagen fibers. In the lamina propria, these fibers appeared to run from the underlying connective tissue in a perpendicular orientation to the overlying gingival epithelium. Localization of type III collagen was restricted to the lamina propria and the connective tissue around blood vessels. Immunoferritin electron microscopy clearly revealed that type I collagen fibrils have a diameter ranging from 40 to 100 nm and a clear 640 A cross-banding pattern. Thin and short collagen fibrils, 18 to 32 nm in diameter, were labelled with antitype III collagen IgG. A 640 A cross-banding pattern was rarely observed in these fibrils. Type III collagen fibrils coexisted with type I collagen fibrils in a mixed pattern within the lamina propria and the perivascular space.
Attenuation of acoustic emission body waves in acrylic bone cement and synthetic bone using wavelet time-scale analysis.

This article addresses acoustic emission (AE) wave attenuation in acrylic bone cement and wave attenuation due to the existence of material interface between acrylic bone cement and sawbone. In this article, a series of tests were performed using standard pencil lead break sources. The attenuation features inside acrylic bone cement and sawbone materials and the attenuation due to the existence of material interfaces such as cement-cement and cement-sawbone were studied. In addition, the discrete wavelet-based signal energy decomposition method was introduced to examine detail breakdown of signal energy distribution of attenuation. From the tests, it was observed that the attenuation of AE signal was linear with respect to the wave travel distance for both energy and amplitude. Furthermore, AE energy attenuation was more sensitive than AE amplitude attenuation. In the analysis of attenuation due to material interfaces, the couplant plays a major role in reducing the attenuation at the interfaces. The attenuation at an interface composed by different material is less compared with an interface composed by the same material.
Defence mechanisms of arthropods—I The composition and function of the spray of the whipscorpion, Mastigoproctus giganteus (Lucas) (Arachnida, Pedipalpida)

Abstract Mastigoproctus giganteus possesses a pair of voluminous glands, the secretion of which consists of 84 per cent acetic acid, 5 per cent caprylic acid, and 11 per cent water. The secretion is ejected forcibly as a finely dispersed spray that can be aimed accurately in almost all directions. It acts as a strong deterrent to predator attack, being repellent to arthropods and vertebrates alike. The presence of caprylic acid adds considerably to the effectiveness of the weapon as it is used against arthropods. By acting as a wetting agent, caprylic acid promotes the spread of the spray droplets over the cuticle of the predator, hence increasing the effective area of contact of the poison. In addition, caprylic acid exerts a marked accelerating effect on the penetration of the secretion, presumably by increasing the permeability of the epicuticular lipid barrier.
Surgical treatment of neuroblastoma with micrometastasis.

Abstract Background/Purpose: The aim of this study was to define the role of surgery in neuroblastoma with micrometastasis, which is detectable only by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Methods: Fifty samples (peripheral blood 9, bone marrow 41) were harvested sequentially from 27 neuroblastoma patients, and the micrometastases were examined using the previously described single-step PCR method. The results were reviewed with the clinical courses. Results: Radical surgery was performed in 9 patients with bone marrow micrometastasis. Event-free survival was obtained in 2 patients with stage IV disease (25.0%) for a follow-up period of 2 to 6 years in this group. Both patients received intraoperative radiation and subsequent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) using purged marrow. Radical surgery was performed in 18 patients without micrometastasis, and 6 of 9 advanced patients (66.7%) survived without the disease including 4 patients who received unpurged stem cell transplantation. Conclusions: Persistent micrometastasis in bone marrow should be considered predictive as a poor prognostic factor in neuroblastoma. Intensive local control with surgery and radiation is important for the patients with micrometastasis and should be followed by ABMT using purged marrow. Unpurged marrow may be safely used if the single-step PCR detects no micrometastasis. J Pediatr Surg 35:1638-1642. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Tectorial membrane. II: Stiffness measurements in vivo.

Abstract The tectorial membrane is assumed to play a crucial role in the stimulation of the cochlear hair cells and was thought for decades to serve as a stiff anchor for the tips of the hair-cell stereocilia, particularly those belonging to the OHCs. Yet, its stiffness has never been measured under conditions approximating its normal environment in live animals. We have developed a method for doing this. The tectorial membrane is approached through the lateral wall of scala media. The bony cochlear capsule is removed along scala media over somewhat less than 1 4 turn, and the underlying spiral ligament and stria vascularis are carefully reflected. With the help of a three axial hydraulic manipulator, a flexible micropipette filled with isotonic KCl is inserted into the tectorial membrane at one of two different angles and moved either transversally, away from the basilar membrane, or radially, toward or away from the modiolus. This causes the tectorial membrane to be deformed and the micropipette to bend. The micropipette stiffness is calibrated on an instrument of a new kind, so as to convert the bend into force. The calibration allows us to determine the point stiffness of the tectorial membrane from the amount of micropipette bend. The stiffness of the tectorial membrane per unit length has been calculated from the point stiffness with the help of the deformation pattern. Transversal and radial stiffness magnitudes have been determined in the second cochlear turn in Mongolian gerbils. Both are smaller by almost an order of magnitude than the corresponding aggregate stiffness of the OHC stereocilia. As a consequence, the tectorial membrane cannot act as a stiff anchor for the stereocilia but only as a mass load, except at relatively low sound frequencies where mass effects are negligible. This means that the classical model of shear motion between the tectorial membrane and the reticular lamina must be replaced.
Organizing crime: A classificatory scheme based on offense transitions

An approach to classification of major offenses and of offenders based on regularities of transition among offenses is examined in a construction sample of 1523 male recidivists and a validation sample of 5636 male recidivists. Results indicate that the category of prior offense is a moderately efficient predictor of the category of subsequent offense. Categories resembling person and property groupings found in earlier cluster analyses are also found here. Classificatory schemes based on regularities in transitions among offenses may offer a useful research tool.