cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some stylistic variations in scientific writing

The work reported in this paper suggests that some of the syntactical and stylistic characteristics of scientific writing can be used to assess the degree of specialization of such writing. Two groups of articles, dealing with the same subjects but differing in degree of specialization, were compared. The texts of the more technical articles were found to have a lower percentage of function words and a higher number of noun adjuncts than the texts of the more general articles. Some differences between the writings of two different fields-Psychophysics and Genetics-were noted.
Immunosuppression without immunosuppression? How to be a tolerant individual in a dangerous world.

: The field of transplantation has developed based on two principles: allografts are rejected because they express foreign antigens, and the immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection. Recently, in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence has accumulated that calls both of these beliefs into question. This article reviews an alternative approach to transplantation that focuses on tissue injury as the instigator of graft rejection and employs physiological mechanisms of tolerance to avoid graft loss. Methods that allow for defense against infectious microbes while at the same time allowing for graft survival are proposed. In particular, the rationale behind the use of anti-CD154 antibody treatment is highlighted. A model is introduced that takes into consideration the experimental successes seen with anti-CD154 therapies 1.
Phallometric assessment of rapists: A critical review of the research

There is disagreement in the literature as to utility of phallometry with rapists. The present article attempts to shed light on the basis for these contradictory conclusions. First, the theoretical rationale for assessing sexual interest via phallometry is discussed. Second, all the recent (i.e., since 1994) studies that have used phallometric assessment to measure sexual arousal in convicted rapists or self-identified sexual aggressors are individually reviewed and critiqued. Following critiques of individual studies, strengths and weaknesses of the literature are listed and overall conclusions are drawn. Lastly, needed improvements and directions for future research as to sexual preferences of rapists are discussed.
Microwave-assisted chemical-free hydrolysis of wool keratin

Wool fibers were submitted to “green hydrolysis” with superheated water in a microwave reactor, in view of the potential exploitation of keratin-based industrial and stock-farming wastes. The liquid fraction was separated by filtration from the solid fraction, which consists mainly of small fragments of wool fibers and other insoluble protein aggregates. The liquid fraction contains free amino acids, peptides and low molecular weight proteins, with a small amount of cystine and lanthionine, and has a different secondary structure when compared with keratins extracted from wool via reductive or oxidative methods. Cleavage of the cystine disulfide bonds without the use of harmful, often toxic, reductive or oxidative agents allows the extraction of protein material from keratin wastes, offering the possibility of larger exploitation and valorization.
Intertextuality in Kurosawa's Film Adaptation of Dostoevsky's The Idiot

In her article, "Intertextuality in Kurosawa's Film Adaptation of Dostoevsky's The Idiot" Saera Yoon analyzes the role intertextuality plays in the adjustments Akira Kurosawa made when he translated the classic novel by Dostoevsky onto screen. Kurosawa's ?? (Hakuchi), a film adaptation of Dostoevsky's The Idiot, has been the subject of mixed reviews. While some consider the film a successful adaptation that captures the spirit of the original, others criticize Hakuchi for its overly faithful rendition of the novel. What has been missing is an investigation of Kurosawa's filmic strategy. Yoon examines the transposition of a chronotope � the spatial move from the center to the periphery and the treatment of the time setting � and suggests that Hakuchi is no simple modernization of the novel, but a work in which we can see how Kurosawa fleshes out his own interpretation of a tragic journey. In so doing, it becomes apparent that Kurosawa rationalizes the polyphonic novel and attempts to create a new kind of melodrama.
A history of the future: the emergence of contemporary anti‐ageing medicine

The emergence of anti-ageing medicine over the past 20 years has posed tremendous challenges for the understanding of ageing and the concomitant responsibilities of biomedicine. Though highly contentious and loosely organised at best, anti-ageing targets ageing for biomedical intervention. This article examines a history of anti-ageing in the United States from 1993 to 2008, outlining its evolution from a scientific 'backwater' to a field with such promise that many within and outside the field believe efficacious therapies are an inevitability. In large part, the language of anti-ageing has shifted from predictions to expectations; it has become less a question of 'if' and more a question of 'when' and 'how' this rhetorical shift is directly linked with increasing legitimacy constructed upon a complex web of factors including mounting practitioner involvement, research interest, media attention, and popular desire. In this article I briefly review this history alongside the strategic histories marshalled by the various proponents and opponents to support their claims of legitimacy. The history of anti-ageing medicine is one of an emerging scientific and clinical practice as well as a history of an idea that has very recently made its way out of science fiction and into science future.
DIRECT STOMACH FEEDING IN THE PIGEON

Summary.-Four pigeons were trained to peck a key for reinforcement. Two were prepared for stomach-fistula leeding and two were sham-operated. The fistulated birds were reinforced with 7 drops of 5% dextrose solution per minute, and the sham-operated birds did not receive any reinforcement. All the birds extinguished rather rapidly. There did not seem to be any difference between the stomach-irjecrion reinforced birds and the nonreinforced birds. This was taken to indicate the absence of a stomach-feed-back system, such as has been demonstrated in the rat. In the study of hunger, it is generally recognized thac at least three factors seem to be at work: (a) a hypothalamic factor, usually thought of as being involved in seeking food, eating itself, and reactions to bloodsugar; (b) taste and smell factors, usually thoiight of as being involved in preferences; and (c) stomach distention factors along with tactual cues of a great variety usually thought of as being invohed in the process of filling, satiety or whatever it may be called. One of the interesting problems in chis area has been the differential reinforcing effects which :lave been obtained by investigators, comparing direct stomach feeding, sham feeding, and some other method of feeding. Generally speaking, it seems to hold true that rats will learn simple discriminations when reinforced by the direct-stomach method. This fact has been demonstrated and verified in several investigations, such as those performed by Berkun, Kessen and Miller ( 1 ), Epstein (Z), and Miller, Sampler, and Woodrow (5), just to name a few. It is also generally agreed upon that regular ingestion, including taste and consummatory factors, has a greater reinforcing effect than directstomach injection. In the dog, conflicting findings have been in evidence. Hull, Livingston, Rouse, and Barker (3) found thac a dog could learn a simple discrimination task when reisforced on one side of the choice situation and not on the other. James (4) in a carefully designed study found no such reinforcing effects of direct-stomach injections following lever-pressing behavior in the dog. Some reinforcing effects were observed, however, for sham-feeding, i.e., feeding the dog after lever-pressing without the food reaching the stomach. The differences between his findings and those of other investigators, James (4) explained in terms of differences in eating habits, physiological feed-back systems, and general type of life. It was stressed that the rat and the dog certainly did not seem to be alike with respect to the effects of direct-stomach injections upon operant behavior. From all this, it seemed to us interesting enough to scudy the effects of such direct-stomach reinforcement techniques upon the be
The Calculation of the Radio Interference Level of Transmission Lines Caused by Corona Discharges [includes discussion]

The mechanism by which the principal wave, which travels along the line and interferes with radio reception, is generated is expressed in mathematical terms and related to the currents which flow during laboratory tests of samples of conductor. These tests are described in detail. The generating functions so determined are used to calculate the electric and magnetic intensities of the interference field near the line. The statistical properties, namely, the correlation function and the spectral density of the field intensities are employed to superimpose the effects of several line conductors. As an example, a comparison is given of the interference level of two lines equipped with the same conductor but one of horizontal and the other of vertical configuration.
Foreign Languages and Higher Education: A Pragmatic Approach to Change

Language departments across the nation stand ready to engage in constructive action and progress toward meeting the demands of the re port. However, without research that specifically attends to the integration of language and con tent across all instructional levels, the direction their actions should take will be difficult to dis cern. Many departments already are taking small steps toward achieving this goal, but to enable them to fully realize the report's demands, theory and empirical research need to be aligned with the educative imperatives that drive collegiate foreign language departments, and all faculty in those departments in turn need to be attuned to both these imperatives and to the research find ings. The report underscores these dual require ments.
The Relationship Among Ego Orientation, Attitudes Toward Masculinity, and the Weight Loss Behaviors of High School Wrestlers

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the potential influence of certain psychosocial factors on the weight loss behaviors of high school wrestlers. The purpose of this study was to test for associations among ego orientation, attitudes toward masculinity, and the weight loss behaviors of a purposive sample of high school wrestlers in western and central New York. With a response rate of 51%, 104 high school wrestlers answered a researcher developed questionnaire adapted from Duda and Nicholls (1992); Pleck, Sonenstein, and Ku (1993), and Steen and Brownell (1990). The questionnaire was administered by the primary author in the high school settings. Results indicated that the average subject began losing ("cutting") weight at age 14 and underwent 5 weight cutting cycles during the competitive season. The average subject utilized fluid restriction once every two weeks and food restriction once per week in order to lose weight. Pearson's product moment correlations revealed that attitudes toward masculinity had a significant, positive relationship with lifetime weight loss, use of weight loss methods and both the frequency and extent of weight loss during the competitive season (p ≤ 0.05). Ego orientation was positively correlated with extent of weight loss during the season (p ≤ 0.05). These findings suggest that certain psychosocial factors linked to gender identity may influence the weight loss behaviors of high school wrestlers. This has implications for a newly emerging area of research on men's health, which may assist individuals involved in athletics and health care in identifying those wrestlers most likely to engage in unhealthy weight loss practices.
Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Does the Gender of the Perpetrator Matter for Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes?

Youth who are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) between their parents may be at increased risk for a multitude of behavioral and emotional problems, including mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and internalizing symptoms (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998; Finkelhor, Ormond, & Turner, 2009; Graham-Bermann, DeVoe, Mattis, Lynch, & Thomas, 2006; Zinzow et al., 2009). Research also suggests that males and females may react differently to being exposed to parental violence, although most of the findings in this area are mixed with regard to mental health outcomes. For instance, some evidence suggests that male witnesses are more likely to develop externalizing behaviors and females are more likely to suffer from internalizing disorders (Clements, Oxtoby, & Ogle, 2008; Kennedy, Bybee, Sullivan, & Greeson, 2010; Moylan et al., 2010; Yates, Dodds, Sroufe, & Egeland, 2003), whereas other studies have found that girls exposed to IPV are more likely than boys to demonstrate externalizing problems such as anger (Sigfusdottir, Farkas, & Silver, 2004). Yet others have found no gender differences in these outcomes (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998; Kitzmann, Gaylord, Holt, & Kenny, 2003; Sternberg, Baradaran, Abbott, Lamb, & Guterman, 2006). Like most other areas of research, though, the literature regarding exposure to IPV has methodological problems that somewhat weaken the validity of findings and may contribute to the mixed evidence regarding whether exposure to partner violence affects male and female youths differently. One avenue that has very rarely been examined but that may lead to a better understanding of the impact of IPV exposure among youth is whether the gender of the perpetrator (e.g., mother-perpetrated vs. father-perpetrated IPV) elicits differential effects on adolescents' mental health outcomes (e.g., Jankowski, Leitenberg, Henning, & Coffey, 1999). The current study attempts to … Keywords: Juvenile justice Language: en
Campus Crime Beat: The Challenges of Doing Feminist Criminology in the Academy

One of the persistent problems with academic life is that one is encouraged to tell the truth, whether in research, the classroom, or the department meeting. For feminists, graduate school in particular stresses the importance of meticulously documenting girls' and women's lives, which have been rendered invisible by virtually all fields. Although these days the idea of truth is contentious, in the real world in which feminist academics and feminist criminologists in particular work, real problems that women confront (like sexual harassment, discrimination, and workplace violence) continue. Documenting these problems on their own campuses is a particular burden that feminist criminologists as well as others have taken on. It produces genuine challenges in a career that relies heavily on collegiality and civility. This article reflects on the costs of telling it like it is while also considering the long-term benefits, such as they are, of bringing the feminist perspective fully into the field of criminology.
Cardiovascular responses to isometric and dynamic jaw-muscle exercises in man.

Abstract Isometric and dynamic jaw-muscle exercises were performed and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures in resting and exercise states compared. There were no consistent or statistically-significant variations in respiratory or heart rates during exercise. Blood pressure changes during isometric exercise averaged +7.81 mm Hg for systolic and +11.13 mm Hg for diastolic and were statistically significant (P
Enacting Identities: An Ethnography of a Job Training Program

In this article, we explore “identity enactment” within the context of a job training program that pushed its adult students to adopt certain work-related identities. Drawing on analyses of long-term participant observations, longitudinal interviews, and written artifacts, we reveal the tensions, adjustments, and reorientations that occurred when adults' conceptions of their current and future identities collided with different, even disparate, models of the professional people they were asked to become. This research reveals job training as a prime context for identity construction and speaks to the complicated relationship of identity formation to skills development. It also provides a set of terms for analyzing such identity work, conceptual categories developed from our reading of sociocultural theoretical perspectives on identity formation, ethnographies of personhood, and our ethnographic data. These terms—enacted identities, mediational means, performative moments, and reorientations of self—compri...
Pretransplant conditioning in adults and children: dose assurance with intravenous busulfan.

Purpose/objectives To provide clinical insights into dosing and administration of IV busulfan, a conditioning agent for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Data sources Review of published literature related to busulfan pretransplant conditioning using MEDLINE. Meeting abstracts, investigational protocols, and pharmaceutical manufacturers' package inserts also were reviewed. Data synthesis Busulfan is an effective myeloablative conditioning agent for HSCT. The IV formulation increases dose assurance and the ability to target a therapeutic window. Therapeutic drug monitoring ensures that targeted blood levels are achieved, especially in children, thereby preventing underdosing, which can lead to disease progression or rejection, as well as overdosing, which can cause an increased risk of toxic side effects. Conclusions IV busulfan is a convenient, safe, and effective conditioning agent used in HSCT that has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile. Implications for nursing An understanding of the pharmacokinetic principles underlying the relationship between the therapeutic window for busulfan and optimal HSCT outcomes will facilitate proper dosing and administration of IV busulfan.
Reversible Crystallization And Melting In Polymers

The intramolecular, vibrational, and conformational motion of the condensed state of flexible, linear macromolecules and their contributions to thermal properties can be described quantitatively. The translational and rotational motion of the molecules as a whole is more difficult to assess but contributes only negligibly to the calorimetry, making the condensed state of polymers easier to understand than that of small molecules. A semicrystalline polymer is typically metastable and consists of crystals, amorphous material, and intermediate phases. The micrometer-long macromolecules may extend through several micro- or nanophases, causing a strong coupling throughout the phase structure. The intermediate phases are the keys to understanding the physical properties. Their glass transitions may be in the vicinity of the transition of the bulk-amorphous phase, occur at higher temperature, coincide with the melting temperature of the crystals, or even be located above the melting temperature. Temperature-modu...
A Macroscopic Model for the Single-Component Protein Adsorption Isotherm

Abstract A usable, macroscopic model was developed to describe apparent protein adsorption equilibrium at hydrophobic solid-water interfaces. In particular, the adsorbed mass of protein was expressed in terms of the following macroscopic properties: the partial molar area occupied by protein at the interface; the partial molar volume of protein in solution; the work of adhesion per unit area; the minimum surface area required by an adsorbing protein; and the apparent equilibrium concentration of protein in solution. Adsorption at hydrophobic interfaces was considered to occur in the absence of specific electrostatic and biochemical interactions, according to a pseudo-equilibrium between protein in solution and that adsorbed in some altered state. The work of adhesion between protein and surface was calculated assuming that the equilibrium spreading pressure of protein could be used in estimation of protein interfacial energy. The Gibbs free energy of unfolding was used in the estimation of protein flexibility, needed for the calculation of equilibrium spreading pressure with the selected equation of state. Good agreement was observed between the model and experimentally measured isotherms for the milk proteins α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin at hydrophobic silica.
Electrical effects of spin density wave quantization and magnetic domain walls in chromium.

It is well known that the regions of aligned spins (magnetic domains) in a ferromagnet can influence the electrical properties of the material, so control of domain structure is a promising avenue for manipulating the spins of electrons in the emerging field of 'spintronics'. Less attention has been paid to the domain structure of antiferromagnets, where neighbouring magnetic spins are opposed rather than aligned (these domains have no net magnetism and so are difficult to probe). Now Ravi Kummamura and Yeong-Ah Soh show that pronounced spin-related effects can also be seen in the electrical properties of the archetypical antiferromagnet, chromium. As the effects are at least as large as those seen in ferromagnets, they might to lead to new applications for chromium, already used in integrated circuits and disk drives. The regions of aligned spins (magnetic domains) in a ferromagnet can influence the electrical properties of the material, but less is known about the domain structure of antiferromagnets, where neighbouring magnetic spins are opposed, rather than aligned. Pronounced spin-related effects can be seen in the electrical properties of the archetypical antiferromagnet, chromium. As the effects are at least as large as those seen in ferromagnets, they might prove of practical value. The role of magnetic domains (and the walls between domains) in determining the electrical properties of ferromagnetic materials1 has been investigated in great detail for many years, not least because control over domains offers a means of manipulating electron spin to control charge transport in ‘spintronic’ devices2. In contrast, much less attention has been paid to the effects of domains and domain walls on the electrical properties of antiferromagnets: antiferromagnetic domains show no net external magnetic moment, and so are difficult to manipulate or probe. Here we describe electrical measurements on chromium—a simple metal and quintessential spin density wave antiferromagnet3—that show behaviour directly related to spin density wave formation and the presence of antiferromagnetic domains. Two types of thermal hysteresis are seen in both longitudinal and Hall resistivity: the first can be explained by the quantization of spin density waves due to the finite film thickness (confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements) and the second by domain-wall scattering of electrons4,5. We also observe the striking influence of the electrical lead configuration (a mesoscopic effect) on the resistivity of macroscopic samples in the spin density wave state. Our results are potentially of practical importance, in that they reveal tunable electrical effects of film thickness and domain walls that are as large as the highest seen for ferromagnets6,7.
An electron-diffraction study of the molecular structure of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde

Abstract The molecular structure of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde has been studied by gas-phase electron diffraction at a nozzle temperature of 70 °C. Particular attention was given to the measurement of the isomeric composition of the gaseous mixture. The best agreement with experiment was provided by a model representing a mixture of cis and trans conformers ( cis and trans refer to the orientation of the carbonyl group relative to the carbon-chlorine bond) in the approximate ratio 1:4. However, a pure trans model gave only slightly and perhaps insignificantly poorer agreement. A pure cis model and one with the planes of the CHO group and benzene ring at 90° can be ruled out. Assuming that the geometries of the cis and trans forms are otherwise identical and that the benzene ring distortions are quinoid-like (ring symmetry D 2h ) suggesting conjugation with the CHO group, the principal bond distances (in angstroms) and bond angles (in degrees) with estimates of 2σ are C-H av = 1.065(0.014), CO = 1.195(0.007), C-C ring (the average ring distance) = 1.396(0.002), C 1 –C 7 = 1.466(0.021),C 2 -Cl = 1.732(0.005), ∠C 3 C 2 Cl = 117.0(0.9), ∠C 1 C 7 O = 120.0(2.5), C 6 C 1 C 2 = 116.9(0.9), % cis = 19.4(24.3).
Bridging Cultural Divides: The Role and Impact of Binational Families

Abstract The binational household, in essence, is a marriage of cultures, providing a bridge between previously disconnected cultural dispositions and consumption experiences. This essay posits that studying the role and impact of this culturally diverse micro-setting adds to the field's knowledge and appreciation of culturally heterogeneous interactions. Understanding the impact of the binational family has several societal and public policy implications. The authors challenge researchers to think of the binational family as an important and relevant context in which to explore marketplace diversity, inclusion, and creativity.
A Unified Approach to Measures of Privacy in Randomized Response Models: A Utilitarian Perspective

Randomized response survey techniques are used for collecting data on sensitive issues while trying to protect the respondents' privacy. The degree of confidentiality will clearly determine whether or not respondents choose to cooperate. This has motivated a search for an appropriate measure of privacy. This article shows that most of the proposed measures of privacy are inconsistent with the underlying rationale for the randomized response procedure. That is, respondents are thought to feel discomfort from being perceived as belonging to the sensitive group, but they prefer to answer questions truthfully than to lie, unless it is too revealing. Instead of guessing another privacy measure, this article derives the correct one from the stated rationale and the assumption that respondents maximize their well-being; that is, the utilitarian approach. It is shown how a respondent's decision to answer truthfully or to lie depends on a relative welfare comparison. Thus the correct measure of privacy involves bo...
Cosmological tracking solutions

A substantial fraction of the energy density of the universe may consist of quintessence in the form of a slowly rolling scalar field. Since the energy density of the scalar field generally decreases more slowly than the matter energy density, it appears that the ratio of the two densities must be set to a special, infinitesimal value in the early universe in order to have the two densities nearly coincide today. Recently, we introduced the notion of tracker fields to avoid this initial conditions problem. In the paper, we address the following questions: What is the general condition to have tracker fields? What is the relation between the matter energy density and the equation-of-state of the universe imposed by tracker solutions? And can tracker solutions help to explain why quintessence is becoming important today rather than during the early universe?
Outcomes after listing for primary transplantation for infants with unoperated-on non-hypoplastic left heart syndrome congenital heart disease: A multi-institutional study

Background Although heart transplantation has been used as the primary therapy for congenital heart lesions in infants other than hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), the outcomes in this group of patients have not been determined. Methods We used the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study database (1993 to 2006) to compare outcomes of 388 infants aged Results The cardiomyopathy group was significantly ( p p p = 0.009) and CM (80%, 74%; HR, 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–4.67, p Conclusion Use of heart transplantation as primary therapy for non-HLHS infants has not improved over time and currently is associated with significantly poorer results vs HLHS and cardiomyopathy due to a higher risk for death before transplant.
The nucleotide sequence of recG, the distal spo operon gene in Escherichia coli K-12

Abstract A gene is identified in the Escherichia coli K-12 spo operon as recG. Previously identified genes in the spo operon were spoS, alias rpoZ, encoding the ω (omega) subunit of RNA polymerase, as well as the spoT gene encoding the major cellular source of guanosine 3′, 5′-bispyrophosphate hydrolase activity. The gene order within the spo operon is: spoS (rpoZ), spoT, spoU, recG. A convergent gltS gene is present beyond the spo operon. Mutants bearing recG deletion-insertion alleles display mild sensitivities to both ultraviolet irradiation and to mitomycin C, which is expected to be due to known recG insertion allele. Deletion-insertion mutations in upstream operon genes (spoT and spoU) show polar effects on these assays of recG function. The deduced 693-amino acid (aa) RecG sequence shows a weak, but significant, relatedness to aa sequence motifs previously reported for putative helicases involved in replication, recombination, and DNA repair.
Hearsay: The least understood exclusionary rule

Abstract Though the “exclusionary rule” refers to a rule that emerged from Mapp v. Ohio, virtually all rules of evidence are exclusionary rules. The idea is to ferret out prior to admission potential evidence that is unreliable, impertinent, or not logically probative of a material issue. In the adversary system in the United States, the search for truth may be tortuous, but if the truth is to be known, some proffered evidence must be excluded. Among rules excluding such evidence, and foremost among those widely misunderstood, is the hearsay rule. Through discussion of three categories of apparent hearsay evidence and development of a comprehensive decision tree for evidentiary admissibility, this article is designed to dispel hearsay rule confusion.
Anaphylactic Reactions During Immunotherapy

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (IT) with aeroallergen extracts is venerable treatment modality. The major risk associated with IT with commercial aeroallergen extracts is the uncommon occurrence of severe near-fatal or fatal anaphylaxis after injections. The objectives of this article are to review the reported incidences of severe anaphylaxis (near-fatal reactions and fatal reactions), define factors contributing to these events, and identify preventive measures that are likely to reduce or eliminate future fatal and near-fatal anaphylactic events. As with any treatment, anticipated benefits attributed to IT must be weighed against its potential risks.
Imaging characteristics of lipofibromatosis presenting as a shoulder mass in a 16-month-old girl

Lipofibromatosis is a rare, benign fibrofatty tumor of childhood. Since the tumor was first characterized in 2000, only a few additional cases have been reported. The classic presentation of lipofibromatosis is a slow-growing mass arising in a distal extremity, with boys more commonly affected than girls. We report a 16-month-old girl who presented with a lipofibromatosis in her left scapular region that increased 30% in size during a 6-week period. Although previous case reports of lipofibromatosis have emphasized immunohistological findings, this paper focuses on imaging findings and discusses the utility of imaging in the differential diagnosis of pediatric soft-tissue tumors.
Electronic structure and interactions of LiF doped tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq)

The electronic structure of co-evaporated LiF and tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) films with different weight ratios have been investigated with ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (UPS and XPS). The results indicate that pristine LiF has only a small n-doping effect. However, Alq films doped with freshly crushed LiF powder source show a much larger shift in the frontier orbital, suggesting that the doping is most probably induced by defects, as such effect disappears after several evaporations. The interactions of the LiF doped Alq with metal overlayers have also been investigated. Al causes significant n-doping of Alq, while Au does not, due to its inertness and p-doping nature.
LISA telescope sensitivity analysis

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) for the detection of Gravitational Waves is a very long baseline interferometer which will measure the changes in the distance of a five million kilometer arm to picometer accuracies. As with any optical system, even one with such very large separations between the transmitting and receiving telescopes, a sensitivity analysis has to be performed to see how, in this case, the far field phase varies when the telescope parameters change as a result of structural stress relief or temperature changes. The results of the sensitivity analysis are presented.
A new method for simultaneous structural/control optimization

The research involving the coupling of control and structural optimization has met with some difficulties. The new method proposed in this paper optimizes both the structural parameters and time-invariant control gains while including the effects of transient loads. The control force gains are written as explicit functions of the response and are included in the equation of state, which in turn is directly embedded into the augmented performance index. Variations are taken with respect to all of the design variables (state, co-state, structural parameters, and position and/or rate feedback control gains) to generate the governing equations for the system. A computer code was developed to solve the resulting equations and simultaneously solve for the optimal control gains and structural parameters using gradient-based search techniques. The resulting structure is optimal for the specified service environment (initial conditions and/or transient loads) with constant control force gains (position and/or rate feedback). Examples illustrating the viability of this approach are presented.
MCMC implementation of the optimal Bayesian classifier for non-Gaussian models: model-based RNA-Seq classification

Sequencing datasets consist of a finite number of reads which map to specific regions of a reference genome. Most effort in modeling these datasets focuses on the detection of univariate differentially expressed genes. However, for classification, we must consider multiple genes and their interactions. Thus, we introduce a hierarchical multivariate Poisson model (MP) and the associated optimal Bayesian classifier (OBC) for classifying samples using sequencing data. Lacking closed-form solutions, we employ a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) approach to perform classification. We demonstrate superior or equivalent classification performance compared to typical classifiers for two synthetic datasets and over a range of classification problem difficulties. We also introduce the Bayesian minimum mean squared error (MMSE) conditional error estimator and demonstrate its computation over the feature space. In addition, we demonstrate superior or leading class performance over an RNA-Seq dataset containing two lung cancer tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Through model-based, optimal Bayesian classification, we demonstrate superior classification performance for both synthetic and real RNA-Seq datasets. A tutorial video and Python source code is available under an open source license at http://bit.ly/1gimnss .
Variations in Strategic Philosophy among American and Mexican Managers

Strategic managers today are faced with five critical judgment calls when formulating strategies for their companies: (1) Approaching strategy as an art or as a science, (2) publicizing the strategy or maintaining its secrecy, (3) seeking strategic consistency over the long term or maintaining flexibility, (4) embracing strategic risk or avoiding it, and (5) adopting a top-down or a bottom-up approach to strategic planning. This paper compares American and Mexican managers along these five areas. Findings suggest that conventional wisdom on differences between American and Mexican managers in strategy formulation may not be true. Future research directions are also provided.
Serum Concentrations in Three Children With Unintentional Tetrahydrozoline Overdose

Background Major symptoms can occur from tetrahydrozoline (THZ) overdoses in young children, requiring intensive care management. We report three cases that presented with CNS depression and cardiovascular effects where serum concentrations were performed. Case report Case 1 ingested an unknown amount of eye drops containing THZ, resulting in altered mental status, bradycardia, hypothermia, and hypotension. Cases 2 and 3 ingested 7.5 mL of eye drops containing THZ. Case 2 presented to the emergency department (ED) without symptoms but became lethargic and bradycardic 90 min after ingestion. By contrast, Case 3 became lethargic 15 min after ingestion and required intubation on arrival to the ED. All children were admitted to ICU for observation and improved within 24 h of ingestion. Urine obtained for drug screening was positive for THZ. Blood was obtained to assess level using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). Case discussion Case 1 had plasma levels of 51.4 and 23.6 ng/mL at 7 and 12 h, respectively, after ingestion, revealing a half-life of 4.4 h. Numerous case reports have been published documenting the dangers of ingesting these topical over-the-counter (OTC) products. However, human PK data are not available to help in our understanding of THZ toxicokinetics and disposition in humans after ingestion. Conclusion We report three pediatric cases after ingestion of THZ where plasma concentrations were obtained with a calculated half-life of 4.4 h in one case.
Existing clinical protocols to treat oral yeast infections still require systematic scrutiny to determine best practice recommendations.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Oral health promotion interventions on oral yeast in hospitalised and medically compromised patients: a systematic review. Lam OLT, Bandara HMHN, Samaranayake LP, McGrath C, Li LSW. Mycoses 2012 Mar; 55(2):123-42. Reviewer Gerardo Maupome, BDS, MSc, PhD Purpose/Question To examine the effectiveness of existing clinical/pharmacologic protocols to treat oral health yeast infections in hospitalized and medically compromised patients Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Systematic review Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade B: Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence
Variation in diet of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in a Quebec reservoir

We determined the diet of 1 to 1 1/2 a old yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in a Quebec reservoir, relative to occurrences of available prey species and size classes of prey. We used Schindler-Patalas trap samples taken over four 24-h intervals between June and September 1981 to determine size distribution of available prey species. Relative abundances and size distribution of ingested prey species were determined from examination of gut contents of perch trapped by gill nets during the same time intervals. Electivity values of different prey species and of different size classes of prey were determined. Larger zooplankton prey (e.g.Epischura andLeptodora) were generally preferred but there was considerable variability in diet among individual fish that cannot be explained by patterns of prey availability. Within particular size classes of prey, perch have definite preferences, e.g. when perch consume small prey, they preferBosmina to other similar-sized prey. These results are discussed in relation to theories attempting to describe and predict feeding patterns of planktivorous fish species.
Behavioural precursors and HIV testing behaviour among African American women

Objective: To examine whether there is an association between knowledge, attitudes and beliefs, reported intentions to get an HIV test, and reported HIV testing behaviour at a later date among a sample of African American women.Design: Secondary analysis of data collected from October 2007 through March 2008 for a randomized controlled experiment that was one part of a comprehensive evaluation of the ‘Take Charge. Take the Test’ HIV social marketing campaign.Method: A series of logistic regression models were estimated to assess the effects of baseline knowledge and attitudes and beliefs on intention at two and six weeks post-baseline. Logistic regression models were also estimated to assess the effects of intention on HIV testing at both follow-ups.Results: A statistically-significant association between baseline attitudes and beliefs and subsequent HIV testing intentions was found. Knowing where to get a free HIV test at baseline was also significantly associated with reported intentions at follow-up. R...
Knowledge assets in services across industries and across time

a b s t r a c t This paper explores the question of whether knowledge assets are more developed in services indus- tries than in non-services. The concept of the "knowledge economy" has always gone hand-in-hand with growth in the percentage of the economy represented by services. Two multi-year, multi-industry datasets are used to directly compare the knowledge asset levels in service industry firms against those in non-service industry firms. Service industries do, indeed, reflect higher levels of intellectual capital in recent years, but did not do so a decade ago. Further, there is considerable evidence of changes in specific service and non-service industries over the time period, adding details to the finding that knowledge development is not static but does vary over time and circumstance. These results open up a number of promising research directions that could lead to a better understanding of the nature of these differ- ing circumstances and how better strategic choices might be made regarding investments in knowledge management.
Characterization of DNA methylation in the rat

In the rat, differentiation and cell proliferation both affect DNA methylation. We studied 5-methylcytosine at the inner cytosine of the sequence C-C-G-G, a common methylation site, using endonuclease MspI (which cleaves C-C-G-G- and C-mC-G-G), and its isoschizomer HpaII (which cleaves only C-C-G-G). DNA from all tissues and cell lines studied was methylated at C-C-G-G, at levels ranging from 45 to 80%, but the methylation sites were not distributed uniformly. Our analysis suggests a model in which cells contain variable amounts of three DNA methylation states, averaging 30-40, 70-80 and 95-100% methylation, respectively. One biological parameter that alters methylation is the proliferative state of the cell. We observed that NRK, a non-transformed cell line, increased its DNA methylation from 45 to 67% when monolayer cultures became confluent and non-dividing. We also observed that a class of repetitive DNA was completely methylated in DNA from all sources except a transformed cell line.
Nanofabrication for the analysis and manipulation of membranes

Recent advancements and applications of nanofabrication have enabled the characterization and control of biological membranes at submicron scales. This review focuses on the application of nanofabrication towards the nanoscale observing, patterning, sorting, and concentrating membrane components. Membranes on living cells are a necessary component of many fundamental cellular processes that naturally incorporate nanoscale rearrangement of the membrane lipids and proteins. Nanofabrication has advanced these understandings, for example, by providing 30 nm resolution of membrane proteins with metal-enhanced fluorescence at the tip of a scanning probe on fixed cells. Naturally diffusing single molecules at high concentrations on live cells have been observed at 60 nm resolution by confining the fluorescence excitation light through nanoscale metallic apertures. The lateral reorganization on the plasma membrane during membrane-mediated signaling processes has been examined in response to nanoscale variations in the patterning and mobility of the signal-triggering molecules. Further, membrane components have been separated, concentrated, and extracted through on-chip electrophoretic and microfluidic methods. Nanofabrication provides numerous methods for examining and manipulating membranes for both greater understandings of membrane processes as well as for the application of membranes to other biophysical methods.
The effect of intravenous fructose and glucose on the hepatic α-glycerophosphate concentration in the rat

Abstract The intravenous injection of fructose (200 or 400 mg) into the anesthetized rat leads to a prompt increase in the hepatic α-glycerophosphate concentration. However, this increase is transient since the α-glycerophosphate concentration returns to control levels within 20 min after fructose injection. Analysis of the plasma fructose concentration at this time shows that the fall in the hepatic α-glycerophosphate concentration cannot be due to a lack of substrate for fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.3). The changes in the hepatic pyruvate concentration after intravenous fructose mirrored those for α-glycerophosphate. In comparison to fructose, glucose injection did not lead to an early increase in the hepatic α-glycerophosphate concentration. 20 min after intravenous glucose, the hepatic α-glycerophosphate concentration was nearly 2-fold greater than the control values. The data indicate that the effects of fructose on hepatic fatty acid metabolism cannot be related to sustained increases in hepatic α-glycerophosphate concentration. They also demonstrate that under certain conditions, the hepatic α-glycerophosphate concentration may be greater after glucose than after fructose administration.
GaAs MIS structures with SiO2 using a thin silicon interlayer

The introduction of a pseudomorphic Si interlayer, about 1.0 nm thick, is found to dramatically improve the MIS characteristics of the SiO2/GaAs system. Quasistatic and high-frequency capacitance/voltage (C/V) data from such a novel capacitor structure on n-GaAs indicate that the surface of the GaAs is swept from inversion to accumulation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion scattering spectroscopy confirm the presence of the Si layer and its complete coverage of the GaAs surface. The Si layer minimises the formation of any detrimental native oxides and thus controls the chemical nature of the GaAs surface. This approach has implications in the development of metal-insulator-semiconductor systems in general.
Multigenerational effects of fetal dexamethasone exposure on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of first- and second-generation female offspring.

Objective Synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC) administration to women threatening preterm delivery increases neonatal survival. Evidence shows that fetal exposure to glucocorticoid levels higher than appropriate for current maturation programs offspring development. We examined fetal sGC multigenerational effects on F1 and F2 female offspring hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) function. Study Design At 0.7 gestation, pregnant F0 ewes received 4 dexamethasone injections (2 mg, approximately 60 μg/kg −1 per day −1 , 12 hours apart) or saline (control). F1 female offspring were bred to produce F2 female offspring. Postpubertal HPAA function was tested in F1 and F2 ewes. Results F1 and F2 ewe lambs showed reduced birthweight and morphometrics. Dexamethasone increased baseline but reduced stimulated HPAA activity in F1 and F2 female offspring. Conclusion This is the first demonstration that sGC doses in the clinical range have multigenerational effects on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity in a precocial species, indicating the need for the study of long-term effects of fetal sGC exposure.