cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Opportunities for High Brightness Compact Storage Ring Light Sources

Recent technological developments promise to enable compact high brightness storage rings. We review these developments in the context of a nominal 500 MeV storage ring as high brightness light sources in the EUV, soft/hard x-ray and gamma regimes.
Size affects digestive responses to increasing temperature in fishes: physiological implications of being small under climate change

Digestive metabolism is considered key to resilience of fish populations as it determines energy and nutrient availability for growth and survival. In cleaner fishes, digestion performance also influences the amount and the rate at which parasites can be removed from co-operating fishes, called hosts. Therefore, understanding the effect of temperature on digestive metabolic scope (i.e. the energy allocated to digestive processes) is crucial to predicting responses of fish communities to ocean warming. Body size can affect many physiologic processes and is thought to decrease with increasing temperature; therefore, we examined the effect of body mass and warming on digestive metabolic scopes in two sister species of cleaner gobies of the genus Elacatinus that reach different adult sizes. The dwarf-size Elacatinus lobeli increased digestive metabolic rates and scope while the larger Elacatinus oceanops decreased digestive metabolic scope with warming. Intra-specifically, larger E. lobeli also showed a decreased scope when compared to smaller individuals. Results from this study suggest that perhaps smaller fishes may have a digestive and metabolic advantage at higher temperatures and may be more resilient under warming temperatures.
Littoral-Drift Problem at Shore-Line Harbors

For shoreline harbors where littoral drift occurs along shoreline, certain design, construction, and maintenance problems are present; summary of basic considerations in generalized terms; case histories of typical shoreline harbors for which operational information extending over long period of years is available. (64 refs.)
Minimally Invasive Versus Open Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes of minimally invasive approaches to esophagectomy using population-level data. Methods Multivariable regression modeling was used to determine predictors associated with the use of minimally invasive approaches for patients in the National Cancer Data Base who underwent resection of middle and distal clinical T13N03M0 esophageal cancers from 2010 to 2012. Perioperative outcomes and 3-year survival were compared between propensity-matched groups of patients with esophageal cancer who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) or open esophagectomy (OE). A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of using robotic-assisted operations as part of the minimally invasive approach. Results Among 4,266 patients included, 1,308 (30.6%) underwent MIE. It was more likely to be used in patients treated at academic (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 10.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–33.1) or comprehensive cancer facilities (adjusted OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.6–21.1). Compared with propensity-matched patients who underwent OE, patients who underwent MIE had significantly more lymph nodes examined (15 versus 13; p = 0.016) and shorter hospital lengths of stay (10 days versus 11 days; p = 0.046) but similar resection margin positivity, readmission, and 30-day mortality (all p > 0.05). Survival was similar between the matched groups at 3 years for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma ( p > 0.05). Compared with MIE without robotic assistance, use of a robotic approach was not associated with any significant differences in perioperative outcomes ( p > 0.05). Conclusions The use of minimally invasive techniques to perform esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is associated with modestly improved perioperative outcomes without compromising survival.
Primary immunodeficiency and recalcitrant chronic sinusitis: a systematic review

Background A subset of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has disease refractory to standard therapies. Primary immunodeficiency should be considered in this group. Past literature has demonstrated an association between immunodeficiency and chronic sinusitis. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using OVID, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to identify English language papers containing original human data on subjects with primary immunodeficiency and chronic sinusitis. A total of 39 studies met inclusion criteria. Data was collected pertaining to immune dysfunction in patients with chronic sinusitis, the clinical workup for these patients, and the effectiveness of medical and surgical treatments. The studies were assessed to determine their level of evidence. Results The majority of studies were supported by Level 4 evidence. Up to 50% of patients with recalcitrant CRS were found to have immune dysfunction. The most frequent primary immunodeficiencies studied were common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Common collected data included measurement of serum immunoglobulins and functional antibody responses. Treatments reviewed include immunoglobulin replacement, long-term antibiotics and endoscopic sinus surgery. Conclusion Patients with recalcitrant CRS should be evaluated for primary immunodeficiency. This should include as assessment of quantitative serum immunoglobulin levels as well as functional antibody responses. Medical therapy, particularly immunoglobulin replacement therapy, appears to be most effective when administered at high doses early in the disease course. The addition of surgery is less clearly supported, but may also provide benefit if performed early.
Preference Assessments for Clinical Decision Making

In this chapter, we introduce the concept of client preference and reasons for its examination. In addition to reviewing methods for assessing relatively simple stimuli that can be delivered easily during interventions, we also place special emphasis on methods that illuminate preference for stimuli that are not so easily delivered, including vocational tasks, interventions, and social interactions. A less often discussed but no less clinically important set of procedures allow for the description of aversive stimuli, which we examine. Finally, we also briefly examine methods to assess reinforcer effectiveness directly because of the important but imperfect role that preference assessments play in predicting reinforcer efficacy.
Clinical pharmacology of antitussive agents.

The cough reflex as part of an integrated protective mechanism for adequate bronchoelimination is vital in maintaining the integrity of the pulmonary parenchyma. While it is undoubtedly true that more patients have died from an inability to cough effectively than from the act of coughing itself, adequate control of useless cough is often necessary in order to preserve the health and wellȁbeing of the patient. Until recently, cough mixtures were compounded empirically and assessed clinically on the basis of subjective response. Based upon physiologic and pharmacologic studies on the mechanics and regulation of the cough reflex together with the development of new techniques for eliciting a reproducible cough with graded stimuli in animals and man, quantitative objective studies of antitussive activity are now possible. This has stimulated the search for new compounds devoid of the analgesic and narcotic properties of the opium derivatives. Some of the new synthetic compounds discussed in this review have demonstrated antitussive activity equivalent to that of codeine and are replacing the older narcotic preparations in the symptomatic management of cough.
Recovery of antigen-specific T cell responses from dogs infected with Leishmania (L.) infantum by use of vaccine associated TLR-agonist adjuvant.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by infection with the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, is a fatal disease of dogs and humans. Protection against VL requires a T helper 1 (Th1) skewed CD4+ T response, but despite this knowledge, there are currently no approved-to-market vaccines for humans and only three veterinary-use vaccines globally. As VL progresses from asymptomatic to symptomatic, L. infantum–specific interferon gamma (IFNγ) driven-Th1 responses become dampened and a state of immune exhaustion established. T cell exhaustion and other immunoregulatory processes, starting during asymptomatic disease, are likely to hinder vaccine-induced responses if vaccine is administered to infected, but asymptomatic and seronegative, individuals. In this study we evaluated how immune exhaustion, shown previously by our group to worsen in concert with VL progression, effected the capacity of vaccine candidate antigen/toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist combinations to promote protective CD4+ T cell responses during progressive VL. In conjunction with Th1 responses, we also evaluated concomitant stimulation of immune-balanced IL-10 regulatory cytokine production by these vaccine products in progressive VL canine T cells. Vaccine antigen L111f in combination with TLR agonists significantly recovered CD4+ T cell IFNγ intracellular production in T cells from asymptomatic VL dogs. Vaccine antigen NS with TLR agonists significantly recovered CD4+ T cell production in both endemic control and VL dogs. Combinations of TLR agonists and vaccine antigens overcame L. infantum induced cellular exhaustion, allowing robust Th1 CD4+ T cell responses from symptomatic dogs that previously had dampened responses to antigen alone. Antigen-agonist adjuvants can be utilized to promote more robust vaccine responses from infected hosts in endemic areas where vaccination of asymptomatic, L. infantum-infected animals is likely.
Structural Investigations of the Environment of the Iron-Sulfur Cluster of the 2-Iron Ferredoxins

Ferredoxins are a class of proteins involved in electron transfer reactions. Their distinguishing characteristics is the presence of sulfur-bound (“non-heme”) iron atoms through which electrons are carried. These proteins include the rubredoxins (1), which contain ~50 residues and a single iron, coordinated by 4 cysteines, as shown in Fig. 1A; the “clostridial” ferredoxins (2), possess ~60 residues and 2 active sites of the type shown in Fig. 1B; and the photosynthetic plant and algal ferredoxins (3) which have ~100 residues and an active site containing 2 irons, 2 labile sulfurs, and 4 cysteines. Adrenodoxin (4) and putidaredoxin (5) have similar iron-sulfur centers, though their sequences are quite dissimilar. The sequences of 7 of the 2-iron ferredoxins have been determined (6–12) and are illustrated in Fig. 2. Difference matrices, shown in Fig. 3, reveal a high degree of invariance and conservatism in these sequences. Horsetail (13) and Suringer (14) ferredoxins have also been partially sequenced, and both lack cysteine 18, indicating that cysteines 39, 44, 47, and 77 coordinate the iron-sulfur center.
Infectious complications of pediatric cochlear implants are highly influenced by otitis media

Abstract Objective Determine the incidence of ear infections in cochlear implant patients, evaluate the contribution of otitis media to complications, describe the bacteriology of otitis media in the cochlear implant population, the treatment provided at our center, and the long term outcome. Methods Data collected included age at implantation, history of otitis media or ear tubes, etiology of hearing loss, inner ear anatomy, postoperative infections, time to infection, route of antibiotic administration, and interventions for infections. Categories of infection were acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, tube otorrhea, meningitis, scalp cellulitis, and infection at the implant site. Results Middle ear infections were diagnosed in 37% of implanted ears. Extension of middle ear infections into the implant site occurred in 2.8% of all implants (n = 16). Of the 16 infected devices, 10 were successfully treated with antibiotic therapy and did not require explantation. The retained implant group and explanted group both included some middle ear microbes such as Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae , as well as skin flora such as Staphylococcus aureus . Conclusion Otitis media in pediatric cochlear implant patients is a common event and usually does not lead to complications of the cochlear implant. However, when the ear infection spreads to the scalp and the implant site, it is still possible to eliminate the infection using antibiotic therapy, particularly when treatment is directed to the specific organism that is recovered from the infected space and the duration and route of antibiotic treatment is carefully considered.
Chasing c-Kit through the heart: Taking a broader view

Abstract Stem cell mediated cardiac repair is an exciting and controversial area of cardiovascular research that holds the potential to produce novel, revolutionary therapies for the treatment of heart disease. Extensive investigation to define cell types contributing to cardiac formation, homeostasis and regeneration has produced several candidates, including adult cardiac c-Kit+ expressing stem and progenitor cells that have even been employed in a Phase I clinical trial demonstrating safety and feasibility of this therapeutic approach. However, the field of cardiac cell based therapy remains deeply divided due to strong disagreement among researchers and clinicians over which cell types, if any, are the best candidates for these applications. Research models that identify and define specific cardiac cells that effectively contribute to heart repair are urgently needed to resolve this debate. In this review, current c-Kit reporter models are discussed with respect to myocardial c-Kit cell biology and function, and future designs imagined to better represent endogenous myocardial c-Kit expression.
Abstract 323: Arginine Methylation Regulates Epicardial Cell Plasticity

Kinase activation and substrate phosphorylation commonly form the backbone of signaling cascades. TGFbeta family ligands induce activation of their signaling effectors, the Smads, through C-terminal phosphorylation by transmembrane receptor kinases following type I and type II receptor complex formation. Here we show that arginine methylation, which regulates gene expression, yet also modifies some signaling mediators, initiates TGFbeta-induced Smad signaling. TGFbeta-induced receptor complex formation promotes presentation of the methyltransferase PRMT1 to the inhibitory Smad7, resulting in Smad7 methylation at a specific arginine as revealed by mass spectrometry analysis and confirmed with a mutagenesis approach. Antibodies specific for asymmetric di-methylated arginine further confirmed Smad7 methylation and Smad7 recruitment to the cell membrane upon TGFbeta stimulation. TGFbeta-induced and PRMT1-mediated Smad7 methylation leads to Smad7 dissociation from TGFbeta type I receptors, allowing activation of effector Smads through phosphorylation. This PRMT1-mediated Smad7 methylation is required in TGFbeta-regulated epicardial plasticity, as apparent by the role of PRMT1 in TGFbeta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal trans-differentiation and transcriptional reprogramming in mouse epicardial cells.
Ethnicity and confidence in government: the case of Turkish-minority relations

ABSTRACTExisting research on the relationship between political trust and political participation has generated mixed results. In pursuit of a better explanation of this relationship, we argue that trust in institutions has varying effects on participation for minority and majority groups. In this paper, we analyze Turkish and minority attitudes toward Turkish institutions. We find strong support that trust in institutions affects majority and minority political participation differently. These results highlight the divergent processes at work in the relationships between political trust and political participation across majority and minority citizens in Turkey due to their varied experiences with these institutions. Some of our most interesting findings show that minorities, unlike citizens from the majority group who have higher trust in police, are more likely to protest, and minorities with trust in political parties are actually less likely to join these parties. We explain these surprising findings...
Narcotic Use and Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Although the United States is in the midst of a narcotic epidemic, risk factors for use and the impact of perioperative narcotic use on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes is ill-defined. Methods A national database was queried for patients who underwent primary TKA from 2007 to 2015. Patients taking narcotics in the preoperative, and for a prolonged period of time postoperatively, were identified. The risk factors for prolonged narcotic use were analyzed with a regression analysis, in addition to evaluating preoperative and prolonged postoperative use as independent risk factors for short-term and long-term complications. Results In total, 113,337 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 31,733 patients were prescribed narcotics preoperatively and 35,770 patients were prescribed narcotics more than 3 months postoperatively. There are several independent risk factors for prolonged narcotic use postoperatively, the most significant being the number of narcotic prescriptions prescribed preoperatively. Preoperative narcotic use was independently associated with an increased risk of emergency room visits, readmission, infection, stiffness, and aseptic revision. Prolonged postoperative use was also associated with significantly increased rates of infection, stiffness, and aseptic revision. Conclusion Preoperative and prolonged narcotic use following TKA was associated with an increased risk of short-term and long-term complications following TKA. The liberal use of narcotics in the perioperative period should be considered a modifiable risk factor when considering elective TKA.
The effect of import competition on Brazil’s manufacturing labor market in the 2000s: Are imports from China different?

This study uses the increased openness of the Brazilian economy in the 2000s to assess the impacts of trade on its manufacturing sector. Using household data, this study’s results imply that a high...
Nanostructuring Multilayer Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Ultrafast and Bright Green InGaN Quantum Wells

Semiconductor quantum well (QW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have limited temporal modulation bandwidth of a few hundred MHz due to the long carrier recombination lifetime. Material doping and structure engineering typically leads to incremental change in the carrier recombination rate, whereas the plasmonic-based Purcell effect enables dramatic improvement for modulation frequency beyond the GHz limit. By stacking Ag-Si multilayers, the resulting hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) have shown tunability in the plasmonic density of states for enhancing light emission at various wavelengths. Here, nanopatterned Ag-Si multilayer HMMs are utilized for enhancing spontaneous carrier recombination rates in InGaN/GaN QWs. An enhancement of close to 160-fold is achieved in the spontaneous recombination rate across a broadband of working wavelengths accompanied by over tenfold enhancement in the QW peak emission intensity, thanks to the outcoupling of dominating HMM modes. The integration of nanopatterned HMMs with InGaN QWs will lead to ultrafast and bright QW LEDs with a 3 dB modulation bandwidth beyond 100 GHz for applications in high-speed optoelectronic devices, optical wireless communications, and light-fidelity networks.
A laboratory study investigating the effects of dilution by precipitation on dissolved inorganic carbon and stable isotope evolution in surface waters

Surface waters are a major pathway of carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the earth’s surface. Yet studies describing water column processes that affect carbon cycling do not consider the effects of dilution by precipitation. In this study, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which we prepared undiluted (100%) and snowmelt diluted 25, 50, and 75% by volume of samples of NaHCO3 solution and lake and river water and then exposed them to the laboratory atmosphere for up to 1000 h. We aim to determine how dilution by precipitation followed by water-atmosphere CO2(g) interaction affects DIC and δ13CDIC evolution. Dilution resulted in decreased pH, solutes, and DIC concentrations according to the dilution proportion. The decreased pH perturbed the carbonate equilibrium resulting in CO2(g) outgassing. In all the samples, there was continuous enrichment in the δ13CDIC composition. Isotopic evolution by CO2(g) loss in the > 50% snowmelt-diluted samples lasted for about 10 h, while it took about 400 h for the diluted samples to evolve to a similar isotopic composition as the undiluted samples. Our laboratory results suggest that the effects of precipitation dilution should not be ignored in studying DIC evolution in surface waters during periods where precipitation dilution exceeds 50% by volume.
Varicella Zoster Virus Induces Nuclear Translocation of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor, Promoting Lamellipodia Formation and Viral Spread in Spinal Astrocytes.

Background Varicella zoster virus (VZV) can present as a myelopathy with spinal astrocyte infection. Recent studies support a role for the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) in virus infections, as well as for cytoskeletal alterations that may promote viral spread. Thus, we examined the role of NK-1R in VZV-infected primary human spinal astrocytes (HA-sps) to shed light on the pathogenesis of VZV myelopathy. Methods Mock- and VZV-infected HA-sps were examined for substance P (subP) production, NK-1R localization, morphological changes, and viral spread in the presence or absence of the NK-1R antagonists aprepitant and rolapitant. Results VZV infection of HA-sps induced nuclear localization of full-length and truncated NK-1R in the absence of the endogenous ligand, subP, and was associated with extensive lamellipodia formation and viral spread that was inhibited by NK-1R antagonists. Conclusions We have identified a novel, subP-independent, proviral function of nuclear NK-1R associated with lamellipodia formation and viral spread that is distinct from subP-induced NK-1R cell membrane/cytoplasmic localization without lamellipodia formation. These results suggest that binding of a putative viral ligand to NK-1R produces a dramatically different NK-1R downstream effect than binding of subP. Finally, the NK-1R antagonists aprepitant and rolapitant provide promising alternatives to nucleoside analogs in treating VZV infections, including myelopathy.
Spontaneous switching of future dominance to a smaller follicle: commonality among monovular species.

Selection of a dominant follicle from a wave of follicles is manifested by diameter deviation between future dominant (F1) and largest subordinate (F2) follicles. On day –1 or 0 (day 0 = beginning of deviation), growth rate of F1 continues and growth rate of F2 decreases. Deviation occurs during the decline in the wave-stimulating FSH surge when F1 reaches means of 8.5, 10.5, and 22.5 mm in heifers, women, and mares, respectively. Diameter of F1 at the FSH peak vs at deviation is proportionally similar among these monovular species. In conventional deviation, F1 usually emerges first. In F1,F2-switched deviation, F2 is usually first to emerge and to reach a diameter characteristic of deviation. On day –1 or 0, the larger F2 and the smaller F1 switch so that the formerly larger F2 becomes subordinate and the formerly smaller F1 becomes dominant. In heifers and mares, the profile and prominence of the FSH surge are similar between deviation classes. Surge location relative to deviation differs so that the surge ends earlier in switched deviation. When the larger F2 reaches a diameter characteristic of deviation, FSH concentration is too low for continued growth of F2. The decrease in FSH ceases (heifers) or increases (mares) presumably from a decrease in FSH inhibitors; therefore, F1 continues to grow and becomes dominant. The frequency of switched deviation (e.g., 16 to 37% among species) can be problematic in follicle-selection research. Switching is a natural model for study of the interplay between follicles and FSH.
CHAPTER 29 – The Management of Malignant Ovarian Neoplasms in the Young Patient

The nature of ovarian neoplasms in young patients varies substantially from that seen in the general population. Approximately two-third of ovarian malignancies in young patients are germ cell in nature and the most common germ cell tumor being dysgerminoma. Ovarian malignancies generally occurring in young patients are sporadic. It is important to consider several key issues such as- desire to preserve fertility, preservation of hormonal function, and possibility of future morbidity, when caring for the young patient with an ovarian malignancy. Malignant germ cell tumors have a tendency to be present acutely with rupture or torsion thus requiring optimal operative and postoperative management. Postoperative chemotherapy management is however recommended for all patients with malignant germ cell tumors. Ovarian failure is greatest in young adult women who had undergone radiation therapy and alkylating agent chemotherapy. The prepubertal ovary is much more resistant to chemotherapy. Preservation of fertility should be the main goal in majority of cases.
Acquisition of a Social Problem Solving Method by Caregivers in the Foster Care System: Evaluation and Implications

ABSTRACTAll youth are faced with many social issues and problems on a daily basis, and youth in foster care are often less equipped than their peers to make good decisions for themselves. The SODAS problem-solving method is a component of the transition to independence process (TIP) model and is intended for personnel to use with youth and young adults to help them make better decisions when faced with difficult situations. The SODAS method is designed to guide youth through a problem-solving method for a current situation, and over time to acquire improved problem-solving skills. Three caregivers at a group facility for youth in foster care were trained in the use of the SODAS process using behavioral skills training (BST) and were evaluated in their use of SODAS in simulated role-plays with the researchers and with youth participants to test for generalization of the SODAS method to novel situations. Results showed substantial improvement of caregiver application of the steps on the SODAS method from ba...
Roman Real Wages in Context

This paper presents and discusses evidence of real incomes in the Roman period. It shows that real wages rose in response to demographic contractions. There is no evidence that would support the assumption that Roman economic growth raised real wages for workers. However, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: relevant data are scarce and highly unevenly distributed in time and space.
Adolescent Sexual Risk

This article reviews recent trends and theoretical approaches to understanding variation in exposure to sexual risks during adolescence. Sexual risks can be understood as capturing sexual behaviors and exposures that increase the likelihood of teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease, and sexual violence. We present estimates of the distribution of adolescent sexual risk over time and by key demographic correlates such as age, gender, and race/ethnicity. We then consider research on the etiology of sexual risk, including neuropsychological, social network, and neighborhood/ecological factors. Discussion of new directions for research on sexual risk highlights the considerable potential of multilevel, integrated approaches.
Oh, What a Relief It (Sometimes) Is: An Analysis of Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Petitions to Discharge Student Loans

Conventional wisdom dictates that it is all-but-impossible to discharge student loans in bankruptcy. This contention, however, misstates the fact that bankruptcy discharge of student loans is possible—and it happens. This Article presents a statistical analysis of what happened when Chapter 7 bankruptcy petitioners in the First and Third federal judicial circuits filed 523(a)(8) adversary proceedings—or proceedings to discharge their student loan debt due to an “undue hardship.” In our analysis, we found undue hardship discharge rates of 54% in the First Circuit and 24% in the Third Circuit. But more significantly, we found that undue hardship determinations were relatively rare. A plurality of cases was dismissed at the debtors’ behest. The next most common resolution was settlements between debtors and creditors. And when all forms of resolution were considered, 51% of First Circuit debtors and 46% of Third Circuit debtors who sought discharge of their student loans obtained some form of relief—either an undue hardship discharge, a settlement, or a default judgment. These rates, while not representing certainty, surely do not reflect the near-impossibility of relief that is often assumed when student loans are discussed in the context of bankruptcy.
A Systematic Review of the Existing Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 (PI-RADSv2) Literature and Subset Meta-Analysis of PI-RADSv2 Categories Stratified by Gleason Scores.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the methodologic heterogeneity of the current Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) ...
Palladium(II) complexes of a bridging amine bis-(phenolate) ligand featuring κ2 and κ3 coordination modes.

Bidentate and tridentate coordination of a 2,4-di-tert-butyl-substituted bridging amine bis­(phenolate) ligand to a palladium(II) center are observed within the same crystal structure, namely di­chlorido­({6,6′-[(ethane-1,2-diylbis(methyl­aza­nedi­yl)]bis­(methyl­ene)}bis­(2,4-di-tert-butyl­phenol))palladium(II) chlorido­(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(2-{[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy­droxy­phen­yl)meth­yl](meth­yl)amino}­eth­yl)(meth­yl)amino]­meth­yl}phenolato)palladium(II) methanol 1.685-solvate 0.315-hydrate, [PdCl2(C34H56N2O2)][PdCl(C34H55N2O2)]·1.685CH3OH·0.315H2O. Both complexes exhibit a square-planar geometry, with unbound phenol moieties participating in inter­molecular hydrogen bonding with co-crystallized water and methanol. The presence of both κ2 and κ3 coordination modes arising from the same solution suggest a dynamic process in which phenol donors may coordinate or dissociate from the metal center, and offers insight into catalyst speciation throughout Pd-mediated processes. The unit cell contains di­chlorido­({6,6′-[(ethane-1,2-diylbis(methyl­aza­nedi­yl)]bis­(methyl­ene)}bis­(2,4-di-tert-butyl­phenol))palladium(II), {(L2)PdCl2}, and chlorido­(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-{[(2-{[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy­droxy­phen­yl)meth­yl](methyl)amino}eth­yl)(meth­yl)amino]­meth­yl}phenolato)palladium(II), {(L2X)PdCl}, mol­ecules as well as fractional water and methanol solvent mol­ecules.
High Frequency Link Isolated Multi-Port Converter for Active Cell Balancing Applications

This paper proposes an isolated multi-port converter based on high-frequency AC link to combine the multiple modular cell-level active balancing converters into a multi-port converter. The topology uses integrated magnetics and just one central secondary bridge, which reduces significantly the number of switching devices and passive components required for the implementation of the battery management system. Additional advantages include use of the same ground reference for all the cells, eliminating the need for isolated communications between active balancing converters. Steady-state analysis for the topology is given. A simple control scheme is proposed for the differential currents required for active cell balancing. Closed-loop simulation results are provided for a three-cell system that validates the proposed control scheme for the topology. A 100 W 4-port prototype converter is developed and experimental results are given to prove the feasibility of the proposed high-frequency link coupled multi-port converter.
Friedman’s Bidding Model: Errors and Corrections

AbstractFriedman’s classic 1956 bidding model for the case in which a contractor is bidding against an unknown number of opponents applies Friedman’s multiplicative model for the probability to win...
Case 2: New-Onset Seizure in a 5-year-old Boy with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

1. Esha Shah, MD* 2. Ian Marshall, MD† 1. *Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 2. †Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Brunswick, NJ A 5-year-old white boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents to the emergency department toward the end of summer after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure event witnessed by his parents at home. Physical examination reveals bilateral wrist widening and genu valgus without rachitic rosary, frontal bossing, or Harrison groove. Initial testing demonstrates very low levels of total serum calcium of 4.4 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L) (reference range, 9.2–11.0 mg/dL [2.3–2.8 mmol/L]) and ionized calcium of 2.9 mg/dL (0.7 mmol/L) (reference range, 4.5–5.6 mg/dL [1.1–1.4 mmol/L]); the serum phosphorus level is slightly elevated at 5.6 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) (reference range, 2.5–4.5 mg/dL [0.8–1.5 mmol/L]), with alkaline phosphatase slightly elevated at 381 U/L (6.4 μkat/L) (reference range, 133–309 U/L [2.2–5.2 μkat/L]). Further testing reveals an unmeasurable level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) at less than 5 ng/mL (<12.5 nmol/L) and an elevated intact parathyroid hormone level of 108 pg/mL (108 ng/L) (reference range, 15–65 pg/mL [15–65 ng/L]). Left knee radiography (Fig) demonstrates widening of the growth plate with metaphyseal widening and fraying predominantly in the distal femur, abnormal lucency in the metaphysis of the bones, and diffuse osteopenia. An initial electrocardiogram shows corrected QT interval prolongation consistent with hypocalcemia. Figure. Left knee radiograph demonstrating growth plate widening, metaphyseal widening and fraying in the distal femur, abnormal lucency in metaphysis of bones, and diffuse osteopenia. Regarding his history, he had been formally diagnosed as having ASD at age 3 years. Diagnosis of his ASD was met with early interventions, including speech, physical, and occupational therapies. On further questioning his parents note that …
Double trouble: Do symptom severity and duration interact to predicting treatment outcomes in adolescent depression?

Abstract Studies suggest that depression severity and duration interact to predict outcomes in depression treatment. To our knowledge, no study has explored this question in a sample with a placebo control, two therapies, and their combination nor with adolescents. We used data from the Treatment of Adolescent Depression Study (N = 439), in which adolescent were randomized to placebo (PBO), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants medications (MEDs), or their combination (COMB). We explore the interaction between depression severity, chronicity, and treatments (vs. placebo) in predicting outcomes. There was interaction between severity and chronicity when comparing COMB and CBT with PBO, but not MEDs. In non-chronic depression, the effects of CBT were inversely related to severity to the point that CBT appeared iatrogenic with more severe depression. In chronic depression, the effects of CBT did not vary by severity, but the relative effects of COMB grew, being smallest in milder, more dysthymic-like depression, and largest in chronic-severe depression. These findings support calls to classify depression by severity and chronicity as well efforts to risk stratify patients to different intensity of care according to these variables.
Aeolian (windblown) sand transport over beaches

Abstract Wind is a highly capable geological agent on many sandy beaches above, and sometimes below, the high-tide limit where sand can become dry and mobilised by aeolian (wind-blown) processes. This chapter reviews current understanding of the measurement and modelling of aeolian sand transport over beaches. The fundamentals of boundary layer airflow dynamics and aeolian sand transport are explained and key aeolian transport models are classified and critiqued with respect to their application on beaches. In particular, a suite of key environmental controls that affect aeolian sand transport on beaches are reviewed, namely wind climate, beach morphology: width, slope and fetch, moisture, salt and biological crusts, roughness elements and vegetation. For each, influences on aeolian sand transport mechanics and modelling are discussed and implications for back beach morphodynamics are explored. This chapter focuses primarily on empirical field and wind-tunnel research findings and identifies key advances and current challenges for aeolian research in coastal settings.
In a State of Becoming: How Institutions Communicate Asian American and Pacific Islander- and Latinx-Servingness through Campus Artifacts.

This study examines the ways campus artifacts communicate Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI)- and Latinx-servingness at dually designated Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs) and Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). Using critical ethnographic methods, the researchers collected data at three AANAPISI- HSIs regionally concentrated in a western state. Findings from this study reveal that the campus environments of the three institutions were in a state of flux and are captured through two interconnected themes that emerged from the data: striving to become and undermining progress towards becoming. This study has implications for understanding how AANAPISI-HSIs communicate AAPI- and Latinx-servingness through campus artifacts.
Adrenal ectopy and lipoma of an inguinal hernia sac: A case report & literature review.

Abstract Introduction & importance Ectopic adrenocortical tissue is the presence of accessory adrenal cortex tissue located outside of the adrenal glands. It is a rare, incidental finding during inguinal hernia repair. This case report aims to discuss the anatomy and important patient implications related to this finding. Case presentation A 61-year-old male presented with a long-standing right direct inguinal hernia increasing in size and pain frequency. During open right anterior inguinal hernia repair, a lipoma was identified inside the hernia sac and removed. Further histopathological examination of the specimen revealed the presence of adrenocortical tissue inside the lipoma. No further interventions were performed. The postoperative and 2-year follow-up course were uneventful. Clinical discussion Adrenocortical tissue can parallel the descent of the gonads during embryogenesis, arresting at any point along this path, including the inguinal region. Ectopic adrenocortical tissue is commonly found during inguinoscrotal procedures in infants, suggesting early involution. Its incidence in hernia sacs should be recognized to prevent misdiagnosis as neuroendocrine tumors or melanomas. If adrenocortical tissue is identified during hernia reduction, further surgical exploration is not recommended. In terms of prognosis, endocrine imbalances following surgical removal cannot be ruled out, promoting careful patient monitoring. The lipoma containing the adrenal tissue in our case is a common finding during hernia repair, identified in 22% of patients at operation. Conclusion Ectopic adrenocortical tissue is a rare, incidental finding during inguinal hernia sac analysis in adults. This finding should be well-documented following removal and further studies are required to evaluate long-term outcomes.
Myoglobin Post-Translational Modifications Influence Color Stability of Beef Longissimus Lumborum

Post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins play critical roles in biological processes. PTM of muscle proteins influence meat quality. Nonetheless, myoglobin (Mb) PTM and their impact on fresh beef color stability have not been characterized yet. Therefore, our objectives were to identify Mb PTM in beef longissimus lumborum muscle during postmortem aging and to characterize their influence on color stability. The longissimus lumborum muscles from 9 (n = 9) beef carcasses (24 h postmortem) were subjected to wet aging for 0, 7, 14, and 21 d. At the end of each wet-aging period, steaks were fabricated. One steak for analyses of PTM was immediately frozen at −80°C, whereas other steaks were assigned to refrigerated storage in the darkness under aerobic packaging. Instrumental color and biochemical attributes were evaluated on day 0, 3, or 6 of storage. Mb PTM were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. Surface redness (a* value), color stability, and Mb concentration decreased (P < 0.05) upon aging. Gel image analyses identified 6 Mb spots with similar molecular weight (17 kDa) but different isoelectric pH. Tandem mass spectrometry identified multiple PTM (phosphorylation, methylation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, and 4-hydroxynonenal alkylation) in these 6 isoforms. The amino acids susceptible to phosphorylation were serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine, whereas other PTM were detected in lysine (K), arginine (R), and histidine residues. Additionally, distal histidine (position 64), critical to heme stability, was found to be alkylated. Overall, Mb PTM increased with aging. The aging-induced PTM, especially those occurring close to hydrophobic heme pocket, could disrupt Mb tertiary structure, influence heme affinity, and compromise oxygen binding capacity, leading to decreased color stability of fresh beef. Furthermore, PTM at K45, K47, and K87 were unique to Mb from non-aged beef, whereas PTM at R31, T51, K96, K98, S121, R139, and K147 were unique to Mb from aged counterparts, indicating that these Mb PTM could be used as novel biomarkers for fresh beef color stability.
2D NMR spectroscopy of refolding RNase Sa using polarization transfer from hyperpolarized water

Abstract Polarization transfer from hyperpolarized water through proton exchange is used to enhance the NMR signals of amide protons of the Ribonuclease Sa protein. Spectra of the refolding protein are measured within 6 s after dilution of the denaturant urea, at urea-dependent folding rates adjusted in the range of 0.3–0.8 s−1. Peak patterns including a mixture of folded and unfolded protein at different ratios are observed. The changes in the observed signals indicate that each spectrum accesses a different point in the partial completion of the folding. A comparison to simulated 2D NMR spectra suggests a lower polarization transfer efficiency from water when the protein folds slowly, which may result from the molecular motions in the unfolded protein and the absence of long-range contacts. The ability to acquire 2D NMR spectra under different refolding conditions may open a new avenue for residue specific characterization of the folding process.
Acute puerperal metritis

Acute puerperal metritis is a common disease in postpartum dairy cattle. This disease causes significant economic losses as affected cows experience reduced milk production, increased culling risk, and impaired reproductive performance. Acute puerperal metritis is invariably associated with bacterial colonization and infection of the uterus. As a result, antimicrobials are a mainstay of therapy for this disease. Optimal dosing of antimicrobial agents is essential to therapeutic success, and designing dosing regimens requires an integration of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles. The goals of this article are to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of antimicrobial treatment options in cattle with acute puerperal metritis, and review the principles of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics.
OAB-048: Suboptimal humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in myeloma patients is associated with anti-CD38 mAb and BCMA-targeted treatment

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) patients are immunocompromised due to defects in humoral/cellular immunity and immunosuppressive therapy. Reports indicate that the antibody (Ab) response in MM after 1 dose of SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine is attenuated. Vaccine response kinetics in patients with prior COVID-19 and impact of treatment remain unknown. Methods We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding (anti-S) IgG level in 320 MM patients receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Blood and saliva were taken at multiple time points. 69 age-matched healthcare workers were used as controls. Results The 320 MM patients (median age 68 years) received two-dose mRNA vaccines (69.1% BNT162b2, 27.2% mRNA-1273). Median time to diagnosis was 60 months with a median of 2 prior treatment lines (range 0-16). We included 23 patients with smoldering MM. 59 patients (18.4%) were not on active treatment; 148 (43.8%) received anti-CD38 mAb-containing treatment and 36 (11.3%) were on BCMA-targeted therapy. 131 patients (40.9%) exhibited a complete response at last evaluation. 260 patients (81.3%) had anti-S IgG measured >10 days after the second vaccine (median 51 days). Of these, 84.2% mounted measurable anti-S IgG levels (median 149 AU/mL). In the control group, Ab levels were significantly higher (median 300 AU/mL). Ab levels in the 38 vaccinated MM patients with prior COVID-19 were 10-fold higher than those of patients without prior COVID-19 (median 801 vs 69 AU/mL, p 3 months after CAR T. Multivariate analysis (corrected for age, vaccine type, lines of treatment, time since diagnosis, response status and lymphopenia) confirmed that anti-CD38-containing (p=0.005) and BCMA-targeted treatment (p Conclusion MM patients mount a suboptimal IgG response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with 15.8% developing no detectable anti-S IgG. Ongoing analyses will show kinetics of patients with low-normal Ab levels in comparison to healthy controls. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and extensive immunophenotyping of >40 patients in the context of vaccination will be reported at the meeting. Immediate implications are the continuation of non-pharmacological interventions, e.g. masking and social distancing, for vulnerable patients. The findings underscore a need for serological monitoring of MM patients following COVID-19 vaccination and for clinical trials assessing use of prophylactic strategies or studies exploring additional immunization strategies.
Successful Classroom Management and Discipline: Teaching Self-Control and Responsibility

1. Managing the Contemporary Classroom 2. Learning to be an Effective Classroom Manager 3. Classroom Behavior and Motivation: The Essential Link 4. Managing the Learning Environment 5. Managing Instruction 6. When Misbehavior Occurs 7. When Problems are Minor 8. Responding to Persistent Misbehavior 9. Violence and Serious Misbehavior 10. Bullies and Bullying 11. Conflict Resolution 12. Legal Dimensions of Classroom Management and Discipline
Credit Risk Modeling

In this chapter, we briefly introduce the basic credit risk modeling including measuring portfolio risk and pricing defaultable bonds, credit derivatives, and other securities exposed to credit risk.