cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of early elementary school suspension by gender: A longitudinal multilevel analysis

Abstract Despite the large body of work demonstrating the detrimental effects of school suspension, there are notable gaps in the research regarding predictors of this form of discipline in early elementary school, and particularly in how these predictors may vary by gender. This longitudinal study was designed to address these gaps by exploring kindergarten and first grade predictors of one and three years later school suspension. The final sample consisted of 3495 kindergarten and 1st grade elementary school students who were referred to a truancy program from 348 public schools. Multilevel logistic regressions were conducted to control for cluster effects of individual school on students' suspension outcomes; findings indicate common and unique risk factors for suspension by gender. For both boys and girls, being Black and being rated by teachers as disruptive predicted future suspension. In addition, teacher-rated aggression for boys and lack of parental involvement for girls were significantly associated with a greater likelihood of suspension. Finally, a teacher's assessment of child behaviors in early elementary school predicted suspension in later. The findings highlight the potential of addressing the predictors of suspension in the early school years as one effective strategy to prevent future school suspension.
Surgical Treatment of Macular Pucker

Nonvascularized cellular membranes growing on the inner retinal surface (epiretinal membranes, ERM’s) occur in a number of clinical conditions including: 1) idiopathic membranes in patients of all ages, but especially during the latter decades of life, 2) following otherwise-successful retinal reattachment surgery, and 3) as a secondary change associated with blunt or penetrating ocular injuries, intraocular inflammation, vitreous hemorrhage, non-proliferative retinal vascular disorders and following ocular surgery. These epiretinal membranes may cause differing amounts of visual loss due to the abnormal tissue covering and/or distorting the macular area (macular pucker) and sometimes causing vascular leakage and intraretinal edema.
History Presents to Our Clinic: One of the First Nipple Sparing Mastectomy Patients and One of the First Silicone Breast Reconstructions:

Nipple sparing mastectomies had almost no recorded relevance in the literature, until the early 1990s, regarding aesthetic surgical outcomes. Silicone-based breast implant surgery began to take pla...
Training the Brain-Injured Client in Behavioral Self-Management Skills

Treatments based on clinical experience are often developed initially from theoretical assumptions exemplifying the state of the art in related scientific fields. In an area where clinical treatment of behavioral disorders following brain injury may occur without reference to the incompletely understood complex of relationships among behavioral/affective, neurological, and neuropsychological processes involved, a clear statement of assumptions on which behavioral treatments of the brain-injured are based is important. A behavior therapist, for instance, may recommend treatment for a brain-injured client based on the assumption that deviant behavior is learned and can be unlearned, but may fail to assess the effects of brain injury on the client’s learning abilities. A psychiatrist may recommend psychopharmacotherapy indicated by the presence of psychoticlike symptoms while failing to appreciate the way in which brain injury may have altered the neurochemical substrate on which therapeutic chemicals are layered. A rehabilitation counselor may fail to recognize a brain-injured client’s inability to perceive body schema and to function accurately and may thus incorrectly assume that, as for a spinal cord-injured person or an amputee, the brain-injured patient’s emotional lability is in reaction to perceived loss of physical abilities.
Realizing the “40 by 2022” Commitment from the United Nations High-Level Meeting on the Fight to End Tuberculosis: What Will It Take to Meet Rapid Diagnostic Testing Needs?

The potential gains from full adoption of World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended rapid diagnostics (WRDs) for tuberculosis (TB) are significant, but there is no current analysis of the additional investment needed to reach this goal. We sought to estimate the necessary investment in instruments, tests, and money, using Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), which detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and tests for resistance to rifampicin (RIF), as an example. An existing calculator for TB diagnostic needs was adapted to estimate the Xpert needs for a group of 24 countries with high TB burdens. This analysis assumed that countries will achieve the case-finding commitments agreed to at the recent United Nations High-Level Meeting on the Fight to End Tuberculosis, and that countries would adopt the WHO-recommended algorithm in which all people with signs and symptoms of TB receive an Xpert test. When compared to the current investments in these countries, this baseline model revealed that countries would require a 4-fold increase in the number of Xpert modules and a 6-fold increase in the number of Xpert test cartridges per year to meet their full testing needs. The incremental cost of the additional instruments for these countries would total approximately US$474 million, plus an incremental cost each year of cartridges of approximately $586 million, or a 5-fold increase over current investments. A sensitivity analysis revealed a variety of possible changes under alternative scenarios, but most of these changes either do not meet the global goals, are unrealistic, or would result in even greater investment needs. These findings suggest that a major investment is needed in WRD capacity to implement the recommended diagnostic algorithm for TB and reach the case-finding commitments by 2022.
Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms in Women: Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms, Serous Cystadenomas, and Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms

There has been an increase in the detection of incidental pancreatic cysts [PCs] due to broad use of abdominal imaging and improvement in radiological technologies. PCs are of different types, and it can be challenging to make an accurate diagnosis. Mucinous cystic neoplasms [MCNs], serous cystadenomas [SCAs], and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms [SPNs] are the types of PCs primarily or more commonly found in women. Mucinous PCs (including MCNs) and SPNs can become malignant, thus making a correct diagnosis is important. Unfortunately, the natural history of malignant transformation in these lesions is not well studied. Evaluation of PCs consists of cross-sectional imaging (MRI and CT scan), endoscopic ultrasound, and ancillary studies on PC fluid samples. Unfortunately, none of these tests are perfect. It is recommended to resect all symptomatic PCs in surgically fit patients. Based on certain imaging and cytopathology characteristics, incidental mucinous PCs can be either surveyed with serial imaging or referred for surgery. SPNs are usually resected. SCAs are benign and do not require resection or follow-up. Several guidelines have been written for pancreatic cyst management, but differ considerably in recommendations, primarily due to the low quality of available evidence. As such, patients with PCs often require evaluation at a high-volume center with multidisciplinary expertise in PC diagnosis and management.
Describing pediatric fractures in the era of ICD-10

Childhood fractures are extremely common. The recent trend is to direct certain fracture care from orthopedic specialists to primary care clinicians. However, to confirm an appropriate level of treatment, the initial diagnosis must be accurate, the description precise, and the communication between those caring for the child consistent. This review illustrates descriptors used at one institution that are based on terminology consensually created between radiologists and orthopedic surgeons for common pediatric fracture types and their displacement, and that satisfy the expanded and detailed International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-10 requirements for successful coding.
Radio-Cephalic Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula Formation

This chapter discusses technical aspects of radio-cephalic arteriovenous (AV) fistula formation, including instrumentation and equipment, patient positioning, and surgical steps. The authors also offer pearls and pitfalls.
Effects of Open-Label, Adjunctive Ganaxolone on Persistent Depression Despite Adequate Antidepressant Treatment in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study.

Objective The neuroactive steroid metabolite of progesterone, allopregnanolone, is a positive allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors and a putative treatment for mood disorders. This pilot study was performed to determine whether an oral allopregnanolone analog (ganaxolone) may be effective adjunctive therapy for persistent depression despite adequate antidepressant treatment in postmenopausal women. Method Ten postmenopausal women (mean ± SD age: 62.8 ± 6.3 years; range, 53-69 years) with persistent depression despite adequate antidepressant treatment (current DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode per the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] score ≥ 16, and treated with an adequately dosed antidepressant for ≥ 6 weeks) were studied from December 2016 to April 2018. Open-label ganaxolone (225 mg twice daily, increased to 450 mg twice daily if tolerated) was administered for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week taper. Results Mean ± SEM total MADRS score (primary endpoint) decreased by 8 weeks (24.4 ± 1.6 to 12.8 ± 2.9, P = .015), and the decrease persisted over the 2-week taper (P = .019); of the 9 subjects who completed the full 8-week treatment period, 44% (4/9) experienced response (MADRS score decrease ≥ 50%) and remission (final MADRS score Conclusions In this open-label, uncontrolled pilot study, adjunctive ganaxolone appears to exert antidepressant effects but produces sedation with twice-daily dosing. Ganaxolone may also improve sleep, which may be useful in patients with depression and insomnia. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02900092.
Characteristics of ambulatory spine care visits in the United States, 2009-2016.

BACKGROUND Back pain is a leading reason for seeking care in the United States (US), and is a major cause of morbidity. OBJECTIVE To analyze demographic, patient, and visit characteristics of adult ambulatory spine clinic visits in the United States from 2009-2016. METHODS Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2009-2016 were used and were sample weighted. RESULTS Most patients presenting for ambulatory spine care were 45-64 years (45%), were most commonly female (56.8%), and private insurance (45%) and Medicare (26%) were most common payors. The percentage of visits for spine care done at a primary care setting was 50.1% in 2009-2010 and 48.3% in 2014-2015. Approximately 15.5% were seen in orthopedic surgery clinics in 2009-2010 and 7.3% in 2015-2016. MRI was utilized in 11.7% in 2009-2010 and 11.0% in 2015-2016. Physical therapy was prescribed in 13.2% and narcotic analgesic medications were prescribed in 36.2% of patients in 2015-2016. CONCLUSIONS MRI was used more frequently than guidelines recommended, and physical therapy was less frequently utilized despite evidence. A relatively high use of opiates in treatment of back pain was reported and is concerning. Although back pain represents a substantial public health burden in the United States, the delivery of care is not evidence-based.
Fault-Tolerant Energy Management for Real-Time Systems with Weakly Hard QoS Assurance

While energy consumption is the primary concern for the design of real-time embedded systems, fault-tolerance and quality of service (QoS) are becoming increasingly important in the development of today’s pervasive computing systems. In this work, we study the problem of energy-aware standby-sparing for weakly hard real-time embedded systems. The standby-sparing systems adopt a primary processor and a spare processor to provide fault tolerance for both permanent and transient faults. In order to reduce energy consumption for such kind of systems, we proposed two novel scheduling schemes: one for (1,1)-hard tasks and one for general (m,k)-hard tasks which require that at least m out of any k consecutive jobs of a task meet their deadlines. Through extensive evaluations, our results demonstrate that the proposed techniques significantly outperform the previous research in reducing energy consumption for both (1,1)-hard task sets and general (m,k)-hard task sets while assuring fault tolerance through standby-sparing.
AI-DARWIN: A first principles-based model discovery engine using machine learning

Abstract The limitations of AI-based black-box models regarding reliability and interpretability have long been a major concern for researchers who have been arguing the case for hybrid models that integrate first-principles with machine learning techniques as a remedy. Here we propose a machine learning system that automatically discovers such mechanism-based models from data for nonlinear parametric systems. This is an extension of our previous work on linear systems using genetic feature extraction. The approach works under conditions of unknown functional transformations relating the input to the output and results in functionally tractable and explainable model forms, which are mechanistically feasible.
Cool Companions to White Dwarfs from 2MASS

We present near-infrared magnitudes for white dwarfs selected from the catalog of McCook & Sion that are contained in the 2 Micron All Sky Survey Second Incremental Data Release. We show that the loci of single WDs and WD + red dwarf binaries occupy distinct regions of the near-IR color-color diagram. Using observational near-IR data for WDs and M—L dwarfs, we have compared a sample of simulated WD + red dwarf binaries with our 2MASS data. The colors of the simulated binaries are dominated by the low mass companion through the late-M to early-L spectral types. For later spectral types of the companion, however, the colors of unresolved binaries become progressively bluer. Binaries containing the lowest mass companions will be difficult to distinguish from single WDs solely on the basis of their near-IR colors.
Alteration of ribosomal precursor RNA in Novikoff hepatoma cells by 5-azacytidine: Studies on methylation of 45S and 32S RNA☆

Abstract 5-Azacytidine, which has been shown to inhibit the maturation of ribosomal RNA from its precursors when added to the medium of cultured Novikoff hepatoma cells, alters the electrophoretic mobilities of the 45S and 32S ribosomal RNA precursors formed in Novikoff cells. Coelectrophoresis of total cell RNA samples shows that the 45S and 32S RNA precursors from 5-azacytidine-treated cells migrate slower than the corresponding precursors from control cells. 5-Azacytidine causes some reduction in the rate and degree of methylation of the 45S and 32S RNA precursors; however, the alteration in electrophoretic mobility and maturation of these two RNA species do not appear to be a consequence of undermethylation. Coelectrophoresis of undermethylated RNA produced by methionine starvation with normal RNA shows no differences in mobility of the ribosomal precursor RNA s . 5-Fluorouridine and 8-azaguanine, also inhibitors of ribosomal RNA maturation, were not found to cause detectable differences in migration of the ribosomal precursor RNA s .
Responding to Inadequate Supervision

Abstract The emergence of inadequate supervision in social work education reflects a pattern of devaluation and de-emphasis of the formal supervisory process. This trend concerns educators and practitioners who contend that educationally monitored practice is essential for teaching students to integrate theory and practice in order to develop a professional concept of self. The Integrative Supervision Model (ISM) was created for the purpose of systematically preparing post-MSW practitioners for professional practice by teaching them to master the integrative process through use of a four-stage integrative model. The structured nature of the ISM insures consistency in implementation and lends itself to empirical validation.
Sensitive method for the determination of roxarsone using solid-phase microextraction with multi-detector gas chromatography.

Abstract We describe the development, optimization, and application of a novel method for the unequivocal identification and quantification of roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, 3-NHPAA) at low μg L −1 levels. The method is based on capillary gas–liquid chromatography with parallel quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometric (QIT-MS) and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD). The sensitive method couples the arsenic specificity of PFPD with the high selectivity of molecular MS for the determination of roxarsone, dimethylarsenic acid (DMAA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMAA) in complex matrices. Analytes were derivatized based on the approach we previously reported [B. Szostek, J.H. Aldstadt, J. Chromatogr. A 807 (1998) 253 and D.R. Killelea, J.H. Aldstadt, J. Chromatogr. A 918 (2001) 169] for the reaction of organoarsenicals with 1,3-propanedithiol (PDT). The cyclic dithiaarsenolines formed were extracted from the sample matrix in the liquid phase by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The optimized SPME conditions employed a 65 μm polydimethlysiloxane–divinylbenzene (PDMS–DVB) fiber, extraction temperature of 70 °C and fiber equilibration time of 15.0 min. The mass spectrum of the dithiaarsenoline of roxarsone showed a base peak that corresponded to the predicted structure at m / z 319 and the tell-tale peak of an arsenic compound derivatized with PDT at m / z 181. Further peaks at m / z 149 and 228 were observed and found to be unique to roxarsone, formed by an interesting internal rearrangement of the ONOH functionality. A linear calibration model was prepared for roxarsone over an environmentally relevant range (0.0–100 μg L −1 ) and a detection limit of 2.69 μg L −1 (3 σ ) was observed. The method was applied to several fortified environmental surface water samples (50 μg L −1 ) where the average recovery for roxarsone was 103 ± 10.9%.
Engineering analysis of heat transfer during melting in vertical rectangular enclosures

Abstract This paper presents a simple engineering analysis method for the heat transfer process during melting in a vertical rectangular enclosure. The analysis is based on the conduction layer approximate method (CLAM) previously applied to study natural convection without phase change in enclosures. Similar to most existing numerical schemes, the present model tracks the melting front during the melting process. However, detailed velocity and temperature fields are not required. Numerical results are generated with relative ease and insignificant computer times. Comparison is made with existing numerical studies and experimental data for the time development of the melting front and the melted fraction. Good agreement is obtained.
A GIS-based approach for assessing the regional conservation status of genetic diversity: an example from the southern Appalachians.

Conserving genetic diversity requires an assessment of the distribution of genetic variants in relation to patterns of land use and environmental variation at a regional scale. This assessment requires a novel approach to integrating and analyzing the genetic and environmental data across spatial scales. To explore the integration of genetic data with other geospatial data sets, we developed a GIS-based approach for examining patterns of genetic diversity for several species of salamanders in southern Appalachians. The genetic data, from allozyme surveys in the genetics literature, were integrated into a GIS database along with related attributes including population identifications and spatial locations. Using existing geospatial data, we classified sample locations as being either protected from anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., National Parks, Wilderness Areas) or as unprotected (e.g., private lands, multiple-use lands in National Forests). We used multidimensional scaling of allelic frequencies and contributions of populations to interpopulation differences in allelic richness to determine which populations had genetic characteristics most different from other populations in the sample. Measures of genetic differentiation were integrated into the GIS database to facilitate spatial analysis and visualization of the indices in relation to land use. This approach was useful for both identification of populations with components of genetic variation that were not well represented at protected sites and for identifying areas of species distributions where more genetic sampling would be necessary to make informed management decisions. Our approach could be readily adapted for use by managers and geneticists working with other species and types of genetic markers.
Modelling the Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity and Volume for Hydraulic Fluids

Viscosity and compressibility have a major impact upon the efficiency and dynamic response of fluid power systems. The viscosity and compressibility of five hydraulic fluids have been measured for temperatures to 150 oC and pressures to 350 MPa. A new correlation of viscosity with temperature and pressure based on the thermodynamic scaling rule of Roland et al. is offered. This correlation provides a means to model elastohydrodynamic effects in fluid power components and extends the accuracy of fluid power system models to higher pressure. The role of phase change and the resulting thixotropy in mineral based fluids is experimentally investigated.
A study of the appearance of early asymptomatic oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This is a study of the appearance of asymptomatic early squamous cell carcinoma documenting location, color, size, surface (texture, elevation, ulceration), presence of bleeding, induration, lymphadenopathy, and distant metastasis. Of 158 lesions, 143 (90.5%) had an erythroplastic (red) component, whereas only 98 (62%) had white components. Only 4 lesions were solely white. There was essentially no color distinction between invasive carcinoma vs. in situ carcinoma. One hundred forty-two (89.8%) lesions were located in the floor of the mouth, ventral or lateral tongue, or soft palate anterior pillar complex. One hundred twelve (70.9%) of the lesions in the study were invasive. Only 11 lesions were indurated, and these were all invasive. One hundred nine (69%) of all lesions were approximately 2 cm or less, and 37 (23.4%) were less than 1 cm. An erythroplastic (red velvety) lesion appears to be the earliest visible sign of asymptomatic oral squamous cell carcinoma—invasive or in situ. The presence of a white component did not appear to be significant unless it was accompanied by erythroplasia (redness). Minimal size (less than 1 cm) does not preclude the existence of an invasive carcinoma. The persistence of erythroplastic lesions for more than 14 days without obvious etiology requires biopsy.
A statistical method for assessing change in immunologic parameters in a patient.

Serial measurement ofin vitro immunologic parameters in patients is used to detect change in immune status over time due to disease progression and/or immunodulatory therapy. A statistical method is presented for looking at serial measurements on an individual to detect whether a change in a parameter is outside the bounds of expected within-individual variation. Analysis of variance is used, assuming a normal distribution, to obtain percentiles of the distribution of the absolute difference between consecutive values of immunologic parameters in a healthy population. The assumptions in this analysis are justified from a statistical point of view. We discuss how to use this statistical method to make judgments relevant to clinical immunology, including (1) how to construct a table that can be used to determine quickly if an “interesting” change for some standard immunologic parameters has occurred, (2) whether a linear (additive) or logarithmic (proportional) model for change might be more appropriate for a given parameter, and (3) how to modify the calculations if change is expected in a certain direction or if multiple pre- and/or postevent (clinical change or intervention) measurements are available.
Preliminary design of an optically accessible high-pressure combustor:

Future generation gas turbine combustors for power production are expected to have the capability of operating on a variety of different types of fuels. Energy systems running on different fuels produce flames with different burning behaviors, combustion dynamics, and pollutant emissions than when using conventional fuels. To ensure the implementation of new energy sources for future power generation units, which is critical for the US energy sector, lab-scale studies at high pressures and temperatures are being performed at many different locations throughout the world. Although many of these authors in the past present their results from the use of a high-pressure combustor, none have made their design methodology available to the public. Therefore, this paper presents a design of an optically accessible high-pressure combustor facility based on a 500 kW power and 1.5 MPa capability, which is the representative pressure of a gas turbine. Finite element analysis was extensively used to predict window and...
Valve replacement in patients on chronic renal dialysis: implications for valve prosthesis selection.

Abstract Background . Reports are sparse describing heart valve replacement in patients with end-stage renal disease. This review assesses a 15-year experience and outcomes after valve replacement in patients on chronic preoperative renal dialysis. Methods . A computerized database, hospital records, and telephone contact provided outcome data for patients on chronic dialysis undergoing valve replacement between March 22, 1985, and October 13, 2000, in two hospitals. Results . Seventy-two patients underwent 95 valve procedures (74 operations). Ages ranged from 23 years to 84 years (mean, 57 years). Fifty-five aortic, 30 mitral, and 3 tricuspid valve replacements and 7 valvuloplasties were performed. Six of the 74 procedures were reoperative valve replacements. In the 46 patients with reliable long-term (greater than 30 days) follow-up data, significant bleeding or stroke was documented in 17 of 34 patients with a mechanical valve and 1 of 12 patients with a bioprosthetic valve. Overall survival (including two operative deaths) was 72.8% at 3 months, 65.4% at 6 months, 60.5% at 1 year, 39.8% at 2 years, 28.5% at 3 years, and 15.9% at 6 years (Kaplan-Meier). Type of valve implanted did not influence early and late survival. Conclusions . In this series of patients on chronic dialysis, survival appears to justify valve replacement. However, the sixfold higher incidence of late bleeding or stroke in patients on dialysis with a mechanical valve requiring warfarin suggests that bioprosthetic valves are the valve substitute of choice in patients on chronic dialysis.
Federal Habeas Corpus Reform: The State’s Perspective

Utilizing a national survey of assistant state attorneys general, this article examines the effects of the Rehnquist Court’s judicially initiated habeas corpus reforms upon the justice system. Although the Court’s initiatives were directed at the branch of government about which the justices presumably possess their greatest knowledge and expertise, the reforms generated unanticipated consequences. Contrary to the justices’ goal of reducing the expenditure of legal resources, the procedural focus of the reforms generated additional work for many states’ attorneys as well as administrative difficulties in obtaining court records. The perceptions and comments of states’ attorneys demonstrate that effective habeas corpus reform requires a conscious recognition that such cases affect not merely petitioners and the federal courts, but also other justice system institutions, especially state courts and state government.
GRB observations with the HETE soft X-ray cameras

The High Energy Transient Explorer, scheduled to be launched in late 1999 or early 2000, will carry a pair of Soft X-ray Cameras (SXC), capable of localizing the X-ray counterparts of GRBs with unprecedented precision. Each SXC consists of a pair of large-format CCDs behind a 1-D coded aperture: the two SXCs are oriented orthogonal to each other to permit two-dimensional image reconstruction. The SXCs on HETE will be able to localize bright X-ray afterglows to precision within seconds of burst onset. The coordinates of detected bursts will be distributed immediately to ground-based observers and to the GCN via the HETE Burst Alert System.
Experimental determination of the OH-Ar stretching potential

Abstract Interaction potentials between Ar ( 1 S 0 ) and hydroxyl radicals in the A 2 Σ + and X 2 Π 3 2 states are constructed as a function of OH (center-of-mass) to Ar separation distance. The intermolecular potentials are derived from spectral analysis of the OH-Ar fluorescence excitation spectrum observed about the OH A 2 Σ + (ν′=0)-X 2 Π 3 2 (ν″=0) transition. Rotational analysis of features ascribed to an OH-Ar stretching mode in the excited state yields an OH-Ar separation distance of ⩽ 2.9 A at the equilibrium position of the excited state potential and an average OH-Ar van der Waals bond length of 3.6 A at the zero-point level of the ground state.
Covalenty linked molybdenum-molybdenum quadruple bonds. Dioxypyridazine dianion and 2-imidazolinethionate as bridges between dimolybdenum fragments

Abstract [Mo2(O2CBut)3(CH3CN)2]+[BF4]− and the disodium salt of the dioxypyridazine dianion (DOP) react in CH2Cl2/CH3CN/MeOH solution to give the red microcrystalline tetranuclear compound [Mo2(O2CBut)3]2(μ-DOP) (1), which is soluble in coordinating solvents such as THF and pyridine (py). Compound 1 shows two oxidation potentials by cyclic voltammetry, 1 → 1+, E 1 2 = −0.15 V, and 1+ → 12+, E 1 2 = +0.28 V, vs the Cp2Fe/Cp2Fe+ couple. The first oxidation is chemically reversible and the cationic complex [1]+[BF4]− was isolated. The reaction between [Mo2(O2CBut)3(CH3CN)2]+[BF4]− and the sodium salt of the dianion derived from deprotonation of 2-imidazolinethione in a CH2Cl2/CH3CN/MeOH solvent mixture gave Mo2(O2CBut)3(IMT) (2), where IMT represents the anion from a single deprotonation of 2-imidazolinethione. Compound 2 was structurally characterized as its pyridine adduct 2·(py)2 and contained a central bond, 2.116(1) A, bridged by three O2CBut ligands and an IMT ligand which forms MoN and MoS bonds of lengths 2.12(1) and 2.49(1) A, respectively. The two molecules of pyridine are coordinated along the MoMo axis, one in a rather normal manner, MoN = 2.63(1) A, but the other in a more distant arrangement with Mo---N = 2.97(1) A. The latter py is coordinated to the molybdenum atom that is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the IMT ligand. These results are compared with those of earlier studies aimed at covalently linking bonds.
CV phonology and French consonants: a concrete approach

French has always attracted a great deal of attention in phonological theory. It has served as a source of data for new additions to theory and as a battleground for the abstractness controversy. Anderson (I982) and Clements & Keyser (I983) have recently provided reanalyses of French phonology within the framework of CV phonology, and this has given rise to new discussions of the issues (e.g. Iverson, I983). This new work is more concrete than earlier generative analyses in many ways, but still retains a number of
Abstract A189: The combination of NPV-LDE-225 (Erismodegib) and BEZ-235 is superior to single agent alone in inhibiting glioblastoma initiating cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of primary brain tumor and often characterized by poor survival. Glioblastoma initiating cells (GICs) regulate self-renewal, differentiation and tumor initiation properties, and are involved in tumor growth, recurrence, and resistance to conventional treatments. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which inhibition of PI3K/mTOR and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways cooperate together to suppress GIC growth in vitro and in vivo. PI3K/mTOR and Shh pathways were inhibited by NPV-LDE-225 (Erismodegib) and BEZ-235, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by XTT and annexin/IV-PI assays, respectively. Gli transcriptional activity was measured by luciferase reporter assay. Gene and protein expressions were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. NPV-LDE-225 inhibited Gli1 and Gli2 expression and transcription activity. BEZ-235 inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and mTOR. NPV-LDE-225 and BEZ-235 acted in a synergistic manner to inhibit cell viability, neurosphere formation, and Gli transcriptional activity, and to induce apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. Furthermore, NPV-LDE-225 and BEZ-235 cooperates together to inhibit pluripotency maintaining factors (Nanog, Oct4, Sox-2, and cMyc) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Finally, the interactive effects of NPV-LDE-225 and BEZ-235 on GIC tumor growth in nude mice was higher than single agent alone. Our data suggest that the combined inhibition of PI3K/mTOR and smoothened can be used for the treatment of GBM by targeting GICs. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A189. Citation Format: Narinder Sharma, Dhruv Kumar, Yiming Ma, Wei Yu, Sharmila Shankar, Rakesh K. Srivastava. The combination of NPV-LDE-225 (Erismodegib) and BEZ-235 is superior to single agent alone in inhibiting glioblastoma initiating cell growth in vitro and in vivo . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A189.
Effects of prior stress on LPS-induced cytokine and sickness responses

It has recently been reported that exposure to inescapable tailshock (IS) enhances the release of proinflammatory cytokines following bacterial challenge. However, it is not known whether the level of potentiation of proinflammatory cytokines is sufficient to exaggerate any of the physiological processes that are regulated by these cytokines. Thus, LPS was administered and fever, activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses, and proinflammatory cytokine release were assessed during both the light and dark phases of the light cycle following IS. Exposure to IS resulted in elevated basal core body temperature during the light phase but not the dark phase and decreased activity during the dark phase but not the light phase. IS animals had significantly greater fever, corticosterone, and ACTH responses following LPS during both the light and dark phases, whereas enhanced proinflammatory cytokine responses were only observed during the light phase. These data suggest that enhanced proinflammatory cytokine responses are not necessary to observe enhanced HPA or fever responses.
Simulation of charging voltages on a wafer during plasma etch

During plasma etching, the dependence of gate oxide damage on die location and polarity of the charging voltage will yield devices with varying damage across a wafer. This paper describes a simulator capable of estimating the charging voltage across the gate oxide for any location on a wafer. This tool will enable reliability and process engineers to monitor the damage and identify regions of worst-case damage on a wafer for further testing.
Hypotension and Sinus Arrest with Nifedipine in Pulmonary Hypertension

An adverse reaction to the acute administration of sublingual nifedipine is reported. Subsequent reversal was by intravenous administration of calcium chloride.
Learning second and subsequent programming languages: A problem of transfer

Learning second and subsequent programming languages is easier than learning a first programming language because many concepts and constructs are shared. However, it is still a hard task. In this protocol analysis of moderately experienced programmers transferring to a new programming language, we classified episodes by whether they involved the syntactic, semantic, or planning level of programming knowledge. We discovered that most episodes involve planning and that in solving a given subproblem there are typically many cycles of language‐independent tactical planning followed by language‐dependent implementation planning. On the other hand, programmers have relatively minor problems with the syntax and semantics of a new language. Our subjects’ protocols and their final programs revealed that the plans they develop are strongly influenced by their knowledge of what would be convenient and appropriate in other languages they know. This prevents them from taking full advantage of the capabilities of the ...
Evaluation of some approaches to liquified tallow: Stereochemical consequences of interesterification

Several approaches to converting tallow to a liquid state at ambient temperature to facilitate incorporation into poultry feed were examined. Acetone fractionation can be used in a single step to produce a flowable powder and an oil (no additional semi-solid fraction). Partial hydrolyses and interestifications mediated by lipases ofCandida rugosa, Rhizopus delemar and porcine pancreas did not lead to liquefaction. Interesterification (trioctanoin + glycerol, 1,2-acetonide) in the presence ofC. rugosa lipase shows a small but significant sterobias indicating that there are stereochemical consequences in such processes that deserve further investigation.
Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine upon primary and secondary thymus dependent immune responses.

Abstract Adult male mice were treated with various doses of 6-hydroxydopamine in order to assess the effects of this drug upon thymic dependent immunity. A consistent decrease in primary antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes was observed following treatment with this drug. Serum levels of thymosin α 1 were increased by day three after 6-OHDA with a return to normal by day five. Thymocyte terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase changes were biphasic with an initial decrease after 6-OHDA followed by an increase. Changes in mitogen responsiveness were observed but were not consistently reproducible. Involvement of both catecholamines and corticosteroids in bringing about these observed changes was discussed.
Glycosylation in Cellular Mechanisms of Health and Disease

Glycosylation produces an abundant, diverse, and highly regulated repertoire of cellular glycans that are frequently attached to proteins and lipids. The past decade of research on glycan function has revealed that the enzymes responsible for glycosylation—the glycosyltransferases and glycosidases—are essential in the development and physiology of living organisms. Glycans participate in many key biological processes including cell adhesion, molecular trafficking and clearance, receptor activation, signal transduction, and endocytosis. This review discusses the increasingly sophisticated molecular mechanisms being discovered by which mammalian glycosylation governs physiology and contributes to disease.
Malignant pheochromocytoma (paraganglioma) of the organ of zuckerkandl: A study of two cases

Ten percent of pheochromocytomas are found in extra-adrenal locations and are called paragangliomas. In recent years we have had the opportunity to study two patients with malignant paragangliomas of the organ of Zuckerlandl. Only 13 cases of such neoplasms have been reported previously. Our cases are of interest because of their features of recurrence, distant metastases, response to adjuvant therapy, and long survival.
Stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in fast dynamical systems.

We present a technique for stabilizing unstable periodic orbits in low-dimensional dynamical systems that allows for control over a large domain of parameters. The technique uses a continuous feedback loop incorporating information from many previous states of the system in a form closely related to the amplitude of light reflected from a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer. We demonstrate that the approach is well suited for pratical implementation in fast systems by stabilizing a chaotic diode resonator driven at 10.1 MHz.
Geodynamical basis for crustal deformation under the Tibetan Plateau

Plate tectonics and satellite-derived gravity data are used to examine crustal deformation under the Tibetan Plateau. A spherical harmonic analysis is given for the global plate boundary system, and the crustal stresses in Tibet are calculated from satellite gravity data. A superimposed stress system is constructed. The stress patterns reveal that the cold downwelling mantle convection flow beneath southern Tibet pulls the Indian plate down but applies a bending moment on the end of the plate to uplift and support the mass of the Himalayas.
Critical timing of L-arginine treatment in post-ischemic myocardial apoptosis-role of NOS isoforms.

Background: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in apoptotic cell death has been extensively studied in recent years. However, reported results are inconsistent and often controversial, and the mechanisms underlying its diverse effects in apoptosis regulation remain unidentified. The present study attempted to determine whether in vivo administration of l-arginine, the substrate for NOS, at different time points during the course of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion may differentially regulate post-ischemic myocardial apoptosis, and if so, to investigate the mechanisms involved. Methods and results: Male adult rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 5 h of reperfusion. l-Arginine was administered as a bolus at either 10 min before (early treatment) or 3 h after reperfusion (late treatment). There was no difference in myocardial eNOS expression between any groups studied. Myocardial iNOS expression was detected at 3 h after reperfusion but not at 1 h after reperfusion. Administration of l-arginine 10 min before reperfusion markedly decreased TUNEL-positive staining cardiomyocytes, reduced myocardial caspase-3 activity, inhibited iNOS expression, and reduced myocardial nitrotyrosine content. In strict contrast, administration of l-arginine 3 h after reperfusion, a time point when iNOS was expressed, resulted in a significant increase in myocardial NO x content, myocardial injury, and toxic peroxynitrite formation as measured by nitrotyrosine. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated for the first time that l-arginine administered at different time points during ischemia/reperfusion exerted different effects on post-ischemic myocardial injury, and suggests that stimulation of eNOS reduces nitrative stress and decreases apoptosis whereas stimulation of iNOS increases nitrative stress and enhances myocardial reperfusion injury.
Matrix inversion by augmentation and reduction

A new augmentation and reduction algorithm for inverting a matrix is presented. The matrix to be inverted is augmented by adjoining positive and negative identity matrices and a null matrix. A matrix reduction routine is executed to produce the inverse. We apply the algorithm to compute an inverse matrix for a problem in regression analysis.
Effects of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury on the P-Glycoprotein Activity at the Liver Canalicular Membrane and Blood–Brain Barrier Determined by In Vivo Administration of Rhodamine 123 in Rats

To investigate the effects of normothermic hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury on the activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the liver and at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) of rats using rhodamine 123 (RH-123) as an in vivo marker. Rats were subjected to 90 min of partial ischemia or sham surgery, followed by 12 or 24 h of reperfusion. Following intravenous injection, the concentrations of RH-123 in blood, bile, brain, and liver were used for pharmacokinetic calculations. The protein levels of P-gp and some other transporters in the liver and brain were also determined by Western blot analysis. P-gp protein levels at the liver canalicular membrane were increased by twofold after 24 h of reperfusion. However, the biliary excretion of RH-123 was reduced in these rats by 26%, presumably due to IR-induced reductions in the liver uptake of the marker and hepatic ATP concentrations. At the BBB, a 24% overexpression of P-gp in the 24-h IR animals was associated with a 30% decrease in the apparent brain uptake clearance of RH-123. The pharmacokinetics or brain distribution of RH-123 was not affected by the 12-h IR injury. Hepatic IR injury may alter the peripheral pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of drugs that are transported by P-gp and possibly other transporters.
Identification of parameters in one-dimensional IHCP

Abstract We present a new numerical method based on discrete mollification for identification of parameters in one-dimensional inverse heat conduction problems (IHCP). With the approximate noisy data functions (initial temperature on the boundary t = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, temperature and space derivative of temperature on the boundary x = 0, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1) measured at a discrete set of points, the diffusivity coefficient, the heat flux, and the temperature functions are approximately recovered in the unit square of the (x, t) plane. In contrast to other related results, the method does not require any information on the amount and/or characteristics of the noise in the data and the mollification parameters are chosen automatically. Another important feature of the algorithm is that it allows for the recovery of much more general diffusivity parameters, including discontinuous coefficients. Error bounds and numerical examples are provided.
The Anthrobiogeochemical Cycle of Indium: A Review of the Natural and Anthropogenic Cycling of Indium in the Environment

Indium is an important metal whose production is increasing dramatically due to new uses in the rapidly growing electronics, photovoltaic, and LED industries. Little is known about the natural or industrial cycling of indium, and toxicological data are incomplete. This review presents the existing state of knowledge of indium's natural and industrial fluxes, chemical behavior, toxicity, and analytical methods by which it is measured. Additionally, the authors present evidence of industrial influence on environmental indium concentrations, and seek to define future research needs that may allow a thorough investigation of the environmental behavior of indium and allow informed decisions about its use, handling, and disposal.
Picosecond time-resolved photoluminescence studies of exciton-magnetic polaron complexes in Cd1−xMnxSe

Abstract The evolution of magnetic polarons in Cd 1−x Mn x Se was examined using time-resolved photoluminescence spectra of excitons at cryogenic temperatures. Sample with manganese concentration x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 were studied using a streak camera, with a system resolution of 80 psec. The formation of magnetic polarons was observed to have a large effect on the exciton lifetime, and to be strongly dependent on temperature and manganese concentration.
Adopting cloud computing to optimize spatial web portals for better performance to support Digital Earth and other global geospatial initiatives

A spatial web portal (SWP) provides a web-based gateway to discover, access, manage, and integrate worldwide geospatial resources through the Internet and has the access characteristics of regional to global interest and spiking. Although various technologies have been adopted to improve SWP performance, enabling high-speed resource access for global users to better support Digital Earth remains challenging because of the computing and communication intensities in the SWP operation and the dynamic distribution of end users. This paper proposes a cloud-enabled framework for high-speed SWP access by leveraging elastic resource pooling, dynamic workload balancing, and global deployment. Experimental results demonstrate that the new SWP framework outperforms the traditional computing infrastructure and better supports users of a global system such as Digital Earth. Reported methodologies and framework can be adopted to support operational geospatial systems, such as monitoring national geographic state and sp...