cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attention Deficits Disorder and Drug Abuse

Recent research studies have attempted to explore various aspects of attention deficit disorder and substance abuser subtypes. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of drug abuse on MMPI scale score profiles of alcoholics with or without attention deficit disorder symptoms. For the alcoholic group with ADDRT versus the alcoholic group with ADDRT and drug abuse there were no significant differences between the groups. The hypothesis that the factor of drug abuse would account for MMPI score differences between alcoholics with or without ADDRT failed to be supported. Regardless of whether or not the subject groups contained drug abusers or not, the ADDRT-diagnosed groups demonstrated clinically significant levels of psychopathology on the MMPI profiles. These results would suggest that the variable of ADDRT diagnosis is probably an important factor to consider in substance abuser populations.
Stability assessment of a unified variational boundary integral method applicable to thin scatterers and scatterers with corners

Abstract The objective of this study is to assess the stability, especially at and near critical frequencies, of a new unified, stable, symmetric, domain finite element and boundary integral methodology for solving time-harmonic interface problems for scatterers of arbitrary shape. The validity of this energy-based variational procedure for rigid and penetrable smooth scatterers, including the existence, uniqueness and optimal convergence of the corresponding numerical approximations, has been proved rigorously in the context of fluid-structure interaction problems. The emphasis here is on investigating the applicability of this procedure to the case of scatterers with corners, using square and thin rectangular two-dimensional rigid obstacles as prototypes. We also establish that the apparently distinct direct boundary integral formulation due to Burton and Miller and the combined single- and double-layer indirect formulation due to Leis, Brakhage and Werner, and Panich, introduced to insure that boundary integral equations for scattering problems are uniquely solvable for all wavenumbers, are entirely equivalent within our variational setting. By examining the condition number of the matrix of coefficients of the discretized equations, as well as the resulting solutions, both directly on the surface of the scatterers and in the far field, it is demonstrated that the new methodology is robust, and completely insensitive to critical frequencies, even for thin objects. Most significantly, the precise singular behaviour of the pressure field at corners is also predicted quite accurately by using standard finite elements along the boundary of the scatterer, without having to introduce special singularity functions, which for general interface problems, may not be known in advance.
Why is anything ever simple

The Collapse of Chaos: Discovering Simplicity in a Complex World. By Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart. Viking: 1994. Pp. 496. £18, $23.95.
Sustained degradation of n-pentane and isobutane in a gas-phase bioreactor

Microorganisms were able to remove hydrocarbons (pentane and isobutane) from air by biological action in a columnar bioreactor with ceramic packing. The reactor was operated in a liquid continuous mode with gas recirculation and a slow addition of the organic-containing air. After a period of acclimation, the reactor has operated for 12 months with only pentane and isobutane as carbon sources. The gaseous hydrocarbons have been degraded throughout this period. The hydrocarbon removal rates measured between 1 and 2 g h−1 m−3. The microbes were shown to be able to degrade these gaseous hydrocarbons completely in a closed bioreactor without any additional nutrients.
INTUMESCENCES ON POPLAR LEAVES. III. THE ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH HORMONES IN THEIR PRODUCTION

IN TWO preceding papers the author has discussed the development of the peculiar outgrowths on poplar leaves which are known as intumescences (La Rue, 1933a, 1933b). They have been reported on a number of other species by various authors; and in addition to finding them on Populus grandidentata and Populus tremuloides, the author (La Rue, 1933c) has reported them on Mitchella repens, Eucalyptus coccifera, Eucalyptus cornuta, Hieracium venosum, and Thurberia thespesioides. These outgrowths have been attributed to wind-blown sand, to frost injury, to excessively moist air, etc. In the first of the papers mentioned above (La Rue, 1933a) the writer described
Time-Domain Analysis of the Dipole-Dipole Interaction between Rubidium Atoms

Rubidium atomic wavepackets are analyzed in the frequency domain to show a shift of the quantum beating from two rubidium atoms. Temporal analysis confirms this shift, which is attributed to dipole-dipole interactions between atoms.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Interpersonal Styles in Eating Disorder Prevention Outcomes

This study examined the influence of interpersonal style on the outcomes of an established eating disorder prevention program for 5th-grade females. Participants were assigned to either a school-based manualized eating disorder prevention group or wait-list control. Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory–3 were significantly reduced for those in the treatment group when compared to controls. The Bulimia subscale was related to lower interpersonal affiliation only for the treatment group. Results highlight the need to take interpersonal styles into account when providing eating disorder prevention programming with children.
Crystallinity of On-Line Consolidated Thermoplastic Composites:

Processing of high-quality thermoplastic composite parts by laser-assisted tape consolidation involves in-situ melting and solidification of the thermoplastics matrix material. In contrast to autoclave processing, fusion of the matrix material occurs locally, preventing both the development of residual stresses and fiber buckling in the inner layer. High temperature thermoplastics such as Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), are semicrystalline. The level of crystallinity depends strongly on the local thermal history as well as other processing parameters. In the present study the effects of these parameters on the thermal properties, such as the melting and cold crystallization point, are determined utilizing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). These thermal properties can give information about possible degradation of the polymer induced during the manufacturing process. The material selected for this study (PEEK/Carbon composite) exhibits a decrease of melt and cold crystal...
A female infant with monosomy 21

A female infant with total monosomy 21 identified by Q banding is described. The main clinical features were hypertonia, prominent occiput, hypertelorism, antimongoloid slant of the eyes, broad nose, “antimongoloid” character of dermatoglyphics. Both parents are phenotypically as well as karyotypically normal.
Treatment with metformin is associated with higher remission rate in diabetic patients with thyroid cancer.

Context: Clinical trials demonstrated that metformin increases the efficiency of systemic therapy in cancer patients. Objective: We examined whether the efficacy of conventional treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is affected by therapy with metformin in diabetic patients. Design: We compared the rate of complete response (CR) between diabetics who were treated with metformin (group MF+; n = 34) or not treated (group MF−; n = 21) and control nondiabetic patients (group C; n = 185). We also examined the effects of metformin on DTC cells in vitro. Results: The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, body mass index, diabetes management, frequencies of multifocal tumor growth, extrathyroidal extension, and locoregional and distant metastases. Tumor size was significantly smaller in the MF+ group compared with the MF− and C groups (1.37 ± 0.97 vs 2.44 ± 1.49 vs 2.39 ± 1.73 cm, respectively; P = .026). A multivariate model revealed that extrathyroidal extension (P = .018), distant metastases ...
Modelling heterogeneous inputs

Abstract If heterogeneous factor inputs are perfect substitutes up to a multiple, then the production function which exhibits the ‘Equal Output’ property must be homothetic, and the natural formulation to use with non-linearities.
SU‐FF‐T‐301: Investigation Of The Accuracy Drift For The CyberKnife Systems

Purpose: During a routine quality assurance check, it was found that the total accuracy was drifted out, or deteriorated to 3.5mm and greatly exceeds the manufacturer's specification of less than 1mm. In this report, observations and the preliminary results of investigation on the issue will be presented. Lessons learnt from the incident, suggestions and precaution measures to prevent from its happening will also be discussed. Method and Materials: Previous records of the routine QA and system logs were carefully reviewed. All evidence and all likely cause for the drift, such as the imaging system out of calibration, physical contacts, earthquakes, hospital vibration and room settling were thoroughly examined. Personnel who have access to the CyberKnife Systems were interviewed. Results: The imaging system required no adjustment or recalibration. The system log files seam not corrupted. The robot appeared to be off from its original position. Two spots, one dent and one scratch, on the linac cover occurred over two years ago and were excluded from the likely cause list. The accuracy was re‐confirmed within the specification by end‐to‐end tests after several adjustments, including the robot re‐mastering and the secondary calibration of the treatment paths. The likely causes suggested by the manufacturer were not very convincing. Conclusion: By nature, any mechanical system can fail at any time. Failure to identify the true cause of the problem could result in its happening again at any time no matter how often QA is performed and could potentially expose patients to great risks. Rigorous QA such as the end‐to‐end should be performed monthly; the iso‐post test should be performed daily and the laser spot at the perch position should be performed prior to each patient treatment. Some kind of interlock systems should be developed to self‐check or detect any deviation for each subsystem.
FORTRAN 4 computer program for calculating critical speeds of rotating shafts

A FORTRAN 4 computer program, written for the IBM DCS 7094/7044 computer, that calculates the critical speeds of rotating shafts is described. The shaft may include bearings, couplings, extra masses (nonshaft mass), and disks for the gyroscopic effect. Shear deflection is also taken into account, and provision is made in the program for sections of the shaft that are tapered. The boundary conditions at the ends of the shaft can be fixed (deflection and slope equal to zero) or free (shear and moment equal to zero). The fixed end condition enables the program to calculate the natural frequencies of cantilever beams. Instead of using the lumped-parameter method, the program uses continuous integration of the differential equations of beam flexure across different shaft sections. The advantages of this method over the usual lumped-parameter method are less data preparation and better approximation of the distribution of the mass of the shaft. A main feature of the program is the nature of the output. The Calcomp plotter is used to produce a drawing of the shaft with superimposed deflection curves at the critical speeds, together with all pertinent information related to the shaft.
Metabolic defense responses of seeded bermudagrass during acclimation to freezing stress

This study was conducted to examine the changes in the levels of carbohydrates and N-rich defense compounds during cold acclimation associated with freezing tolerance. Two bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon] cultivars, Riviera (cold tolerant) and Princess-77 (cold sensitive), were selected and either subjected to cold acclimation at 8/4°C (day/night) with a light intensity of 200 μmol m -2 s -1 over a 10-h photoperiod for 21 d or maintained at 25/23°C (day/ night) with natural sunlight in a glasshouse. Cold acclimation induced accumulation of sugars and proline in both cultivars and also an increase in total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) and protein in Riviera, but not in Princess-77. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased during the first 7 d and then declined, while catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity decreased in response to cold acclimation in both cultivars. Electrolyte leakage (EL) was reduced in both cultivars following cold acclimation. The LT50 was reduced by 2.2°C (from -6.1°C to -8.3°C) in Riviera and 1.7°C (from -4.6°C to -6.3°C) for Princess-77 following cold acclimation. Riviera had more carbohydrates and N-rich compounds and less EL than Princess-77 at the end of cold acclimation. Significant correlations of LT50 with sugars, proline, protein, CAT, and APX were obtained in Riviera, but only with proline and the antioxidant enzymes in Princess-77. The results suggest selection and use of cultivars with rapid accumulation of C- and N-rich compounds during cold acclimation could improve bermudagrass persistence in transition zone climates.
Transitional Changes in Cardiac and Cerebral Hemodynamics in Term Neonates at Birth

Objective To describe cardiac function, cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) that correspond to changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) in normal term neonates immediately after birth and after the transition. Study design In this prospective observational study, cardiac function and cerebral hemodynamics were assessed by echocardiography and Doppler ultrasonography 3 times during the first 20 minutes after vaginal delivery, then again at 24-48 hours after delivery. Cerebral rSO 2 (by near-infrared spectroscopy) and preductal SaO 2 (by pulse oximetry) were assessed continuously. Results In 20 neonates, SaO 2 increased progressively from 65% at 1 minute after birth to 97% at 17 minutes after birth. Cerebral rSO 2 increased from 47% at 1 minute to 83% at 8 minutes, then decreased progressively to 73% at 20 minutes. Middle cerebral artery mean velocity decreased from 34 cm/s at 7 minutes to 25 cm/s at 14 minutes. The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) shunt was balanced at 5 minutes but became increasingly left to right. Left ventricular stroke volume was increased. Middle cerebral artery mean velocity demonstrated an inverse relationship with the PDA shunt. Further hemodynamic changes were noted on the posttransitional assessment. Conclusion After birth, ductal shunting rapidly changes from balanced to left to right, with a responsive increase in left ventricular stroke volume. Cerebral rSO 2 increases as SaO 2 rises during the first 8 minutes, subsequently, it decreases due to a drop in CBF and despite a further increase in SaO 2 . The reduction in CBF is likely due to an increase in arterial O 2 content, PDA shunting, or both.
Predator-induced defense : variation for inducibility in an intertidal barnacle

Phenotypic plasticity is a widespread and often adaptive feature of organisms living in heterogeneous environments. The advantages of plasticity seem particularly clear in organisms that show environmentally cued switches between alternative morphs. Information concerning the presence and nature of variation underlying the induction of these morphs, especially under field conditions, would be valuable. Here we examined the basis for variation underlying a predator-induced defense in an intertidal barnacle (Chthamalus anisopoma). In a previous experiment, juvenile barnacles were exposed to a predatory gastropod (Acanthina angelica). Some of these individuals were induced to develop as a predation-resistant form, but other individuals developed as the default, undefended morph. Here we tested two alternative explanations for this observation. One, the “continuous-sensitivity” model, holds that there is normally distributed genetic variation for sensitivity to the cue. This model predicts that, given suffici...
Effects of Temperature and Feed Energy on the Performance of Juvenile Red Drum

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that the growth of fish exposed to high temperatures can be limited by available food energy whereas that of fish exposed to low temperatures can be limited by their metabolic capacity to exploit the available food energy. Under laboratory conditions we evaluated growth (%/d) and marginal metabolic scope (MMS; L·g−1·h−1) of juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus exposed to two levels of dietary energy, low (LE; ∼4.1 kJ/g) and high (HE; ∼15.9 kJ/g), and to three temperatures, approximately 19, 25, and 29°C, for a period of 6 weeks. Growth rate and MMS increased with temperature, but only growth rate increased with dietary energy and then only at the higher two temperatures. The simulation model Ecophys. Fish was employed to elucidate experimental results potentially confounded by interactions between fish weight and the controlling effects of temperature on metabolism. The simulated and observed results both showed that performance is enhanced at higher temperatures, especi...
Development of Altered Taste Preferences in Tumor-bearing Rats

Experimental tumors induce a decline in food intake that may derive from changes in taste or the development of taste aversions. The preferences of tumor-bearing (TB) and non-tumor-bearing (NTB) rats for five chemicals (three palatable and two aversive taste stimuli) were studied in an animal model of experimental cancer employing the methylcholanthrene (MCA) sarcoma. In protocol 1, five groups of Fischer 344 rats were given 23-h, two-bottle preference tests (taste solution vs. water) daily from day 3 after tumor implantation until spontaneous death occurred. Both NTB and TB rats avoided quinine hydrochloride and hydrochloric acid solutions throughout the experiment indicating that tumor growth produced no disruption in the animals' perception of these normally aversive tastes. In both groups, preference for sucrose (88% to 97%) and saccharin (75% to 93%) remained high until days 22 and 17 respectively, but tended to decline with advanced tumor growth. In both cases, a reduction in total calorie intake preceded the changes in sucrose or saccharin preference by several days. With or without a tumor, rats exhibited approximately 50% preference for NaCl at all times. In protocol 2, a four-bottle preference test (sucrose vs. saccharin vs. NaCl vs. water) was administered before tumor implantation and again 3 weeks later when a decline in food intake was evident. Both TB and NTB rats displayed a dominant preference for sucrose over saccharin, NaCl, and water at the pre- and posttests. However, a comparison of the difference scores (pre- minus postimplantation) of NTB and TB rats showed a small but significant suppression of TB animals' preference for sucrose. The altered preferences for sweet but not salt taste stimuli suggest that food-related taste cues may be more susceptible to the development of taste aversions during cancer. However the contribution of taste changes to the anorexia of cancer remains unclear and it is possible that the changes in taste preference may be secondary to the reduction in food intake.
Second order bibliometric operators in the Astrophysics Data System

Second order relational operators are functions which take lists which have been generated by a database query, and from those lists form sets of other lists, which can then be merged and sorted on the basis of one or more of the attributes of the items in the lists. The NASA Astrophysics Data System is unique among bibliometric information retrieval systems in the degree to which users are permitted to make use of these concepts. Given a knowledge of how the second order operators work, ADS users can create complex logical algebras which facilitate the discovery of very highly specific information.
Observation of conduction electron spin resonance in aluminum

Abstract Conduction e.s.r. has been observed in aluminum from 1.4–107°K. The absence of surface relaxation makes this the first type I material suitable for a search for the conduction e.s.r. in the superconducting state.
Open wide and say blah! attentional dynamics of delayed naming

In a well-known study, Balota and Chumbley (1985) used adelayed namingtask to assess post-perceptual word frequency effects. They observed frequency effects after considerable delays, suggesting that frequency sensitivity characterizes not only the perceptual stage, but also post-access stages. The present investigation examined delayed naming in a dual-task. Using delays after perception and a constant response (“blah”) for all catch trials, we attained relatively pure indices of the mental workloads incurred by low- and high-frequency words. Across experiments, reliable frequency effects occurred in both word-naming and catch trials. The frequency effects can be modified by altering omnibus task difficulty, or by adding phonologically confusable memory loads. The results suggest that frequency effects in delayed naming (and their occasional absence in prior studies) partly reflect attentional differences. We describe a resonance framework in which word perception, rehearsal, and production all rely on stable feedback loops among knowledge structures. Attention is required both to create and to maintain feedback loops; each word's level of attention demand is predicted by its frequency of previous occurrence.
Hydrogen photoproduction by nutrient-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells immobilized within thin alginate films under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

A new technique for immobilizing H{sub 2}-photoproducing green algae within a thin (<400 {micro}m) alginate film has been developed. Alginate films with entrapped sulfur/phosphorus-deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, strain cc124, cells demonstrate (a) higher cell density (up to 2,000 {micro}g Chl mL{sup -1} of matrix), (b) kinetics of H{sub 2} photoproduction similar to sulfur-deprived suspension cultures, (c) higher specific rates (up to 12.5 {micro}mol mg{sup -1} Chl h{sup -1}) of H{sub 2} evolution, (d) light conversion efficiencies to H{sub 2} of over 1% and (e) unexpectedly high resistance of the H{sub 2}-photoproducing system to inactivation by atmospheric O{sub 2}. The algal cells, entrapped in alginate and then placed in vials containing 21% O{sub 2} in the headspace, evolved up to 67% of the H{sub 2} gas produced under anaerobic conditions. The results indicate that the lower susceptibility of the immobilized algal H{sub 2}-producing system to inactivation by O{sub 2} depends on two factors: (a) the presence of acetate in the medium, which supports higher rates of respiration and (b) the capability of the alginate polymer itself to effectively separate the entrapped cells from O{sub 2} in the liquid and headspace and restrict O{sub 2} diffusion into the matrix. The strategy presented formore » immobilizing algal cells within thin polymeric matrices shows the potential for scale-up and possible future applications.« less
The cellulose synthase (CESA) gene superfamily of the moss Physcomitrella patens

The CESA gene superfamily of Arabidopsis and other seed plants comprises the CESA family, which encodes the catalytic subunits of cellulose synthase, and eight families of CESA-like (CSL) genes whose functions are largely unknown. The CSL genes have been proposed to encode processive β-glycosyl transferases that synthesize noncellulosic cell wall polysaccharides. BLAST searches of EST and shotgun genomic sequences from the moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. were used to identify genes with high similarity to vascular plant CESAs, CSLAs, CSLCs, and CSLDs. However, searches using Arabidopsis CSLBs, CSLEs, and CSLGs or rice CSLFs or CSLHs as queries identified no additional CESA superfamily members in P. patens, indicating that this moss lacks representatives of these families. Intron insertion sites are highly conserved between Arabidopsis and P. patens in all four shared gene families. However, phylogenetic analysis strongly supports independent diversification of the shared families in mosses and vascular plants. The lack of orthologs of vascular plant CESAs in the P. patens genome indicates that the divergence of mosses and vascular plants predated divergence and specialization of CESAs for primary and secondary cell wall syntheses and for distinct roles within the rosette terminal complexes. In contrast to Arabidopsis, the CSLD family is highly represented among P. patens ESTs. This is consistent with the proposed function of CSLDs in tip growth and the central role of tip growth in the development of the moss protonema.
Web Conference Scheduling for Research Projects

Scheduling and tracking of participants for research projects is an important yet time consuming process. Our research team has developed an approach that is innovative and timesaving for scheduling appointments. We use Web conferencing, which can be done on site or from remote locations by all members of our staff. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of Web conferencing, explain the process of scheduling appointments on Web conferencing, and discuss the advantages of Web conferencing for nursing research projects.
A comparative study of filter-based feature ranking techniques

One factor that affects the success of machine learning is the presence of irrelevant or redundant information in the training data set. Filter-based feature ranking techniques (rankers) rank the features according to their relevance to the target attribute and we choose the most relevant features to build classification models subsequently. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of different feature ranking techniques, a commonly used method is to assess the classification performance of models built with the respective selected feature subsets in terms of a given performance metric (e.g., classification accuracy or misclassification rate). Since a given performance metric usually can capture only one specific aspect of the classification performance, it may be unable to evaluate the classification performance from different perspectives. Also, there is no general consensus among researchers and practitioners regarding which performance metrics should be used for evaluating classification performance. In this study, we investigated six filter-based feature ranking techniques and built classification models using five different classifiers. The models were evaluated using eight different performance metrics. All experiments were conducted on four imbalanced data sets from a telecommunications software system. The experimental results demonstrate that the choice of a performance metric may significantly influence the classification evaluation conclusion. For example, one ranker may outperform another when using a given performance metric, but for a different performance metric the results may be reversed. In this study, we have found five distinct patterns when utilizing eight performance metrics to order six feature selection techniques.
The Impact of Induced Affect on the Perception of Variability in Social Groups

Two studies examined the effects of mood on perceptions of intragroup variability. Following exposure to positive, neutral, or negative mood-inducing stimuli, subjects read information about behaviors performed by members of a group. The group was either high or low in intragroup behavioral variability. In contrast to those in a neutral mood, subjects in a positive or negative mood did not produce differential variability judgments for the two groups. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and indicated that happy, but not sad, subjects showed other indexes of reduced processing. Possible cognitive and motivational mechanisms underlying reduced perception of intragroup variability are discussed.
Data-driven approaches to augment clinical decision in EMR Era

Patient data in electronic medical record systems can serve as an incredible source of evidence on the real-world evaluation of the relationship between medicine treatments and the well-being of the patient. However, the vast amount of raw data presents a significant bottleneck for physician to make sense from it, thus limiting its use in a time pressured clinical setting. A niche exists to develop approaches to enhance a physician's ability to process large volume of data with the use of ‘external aids’ in an effort to augment their data cognition capabilities. In this paper, we present how a symbiotic relationship between analysis and visualization techniques can be used to help make sense of a large patient data set. Using examples, we demonstrate our data-driven approach, and show how it can serve a physician in the clinical decision support role at the point of care.
Purification of adenovirus hexon by high performance liquid chromatography

Hexon is the major structural protein of adenovirus, and has significance in studies of virus structure and function, vaccine development, and immunodiagnosis. We describe a simple, single-step, anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the high yield purification of hexon. Purity of the isolated hexon was assessed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC methods. The isolated hexon was immunologically reactive with anti-hexon monoclonal antibody in a dot-blot assay. It also retained immunogenicity, as polyclonal antisera from rabbits immunized with hexon showed the desired antigen specificity. The enhanced speed of this purification method allows for the efficient isolation of hexon from various serotypes, and thus may facilitate comparative studies of hexon immunobiology.
Development of Psychosocial Scales for Evaluating the Impact of a Culinary Nutrition Education Program on Cooking and Healthful Eating

Abstract Objective Develop scales to assess the impact of the Cooking with a Chef program on several psychosocial constructs. Methods Cross-sectional design in which parents and caregivers were recruited from child care settings (Head Start, faith-based, public elementary schools), and cooks were recruited from church and school kitchens. Analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlations, and exploratory factor analysis. Results Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from r = 0.63 to r = 0.88. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a simple structure for 3 scales: Cooking Techniques Self-Efficacy, Negative Cooking Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Fruit and Vegetables and accounted for 85.0% of the total variance. Mean responses to each scale were not statistically different between parents and cooks. Conclusions and Implications Evidence of face validity and construct validity were provided through expert review, factor analysis, and scale correlations. Analyses presented constitute the first step in developing psychosocial scales for evaluating the Cooking with a Chef program and provide preliminary evidence that these scales work well with diverse groups.
Resistance to the chemosensitizer verapamil in a multi-drug-resistant (MDR) human multiple myeloma cell line

Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or chemosensitizers, such as verapamil, are used to reverse multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer patients. Clinical studies in patients with myeloma have shown that some patients with P-gp-positive cancer cells respond to the chemosensitizing effect of verapamil. However, this response is short-lived and tumor cells ultimately become resistant to chemosensitizers. To study mechanisms of resistance to chemosensitizers, a human myeloma cell line, 8226/MDR 10 V, was selected from a P-gp-positive cell line, 8226/Dox 40 , in the continuous presence of doxorubicin and verapamil. MDR 10 V cells are consistently more resistant to MDR drugs than parent cells, Dox 40 . Chemosensitizers, including verapamil and cyclosporin A, were less effective in reversing resistance in MDR 10 V compared with Dox 40 cells. Verapamil and cyclosporin A were only partially effective in blocking P-gp drug efflux in MDR 10 V compared to Dox 40 cells. Despite higher resistance to cytotoxic agents, MDR 10 V cells express less P-gp in the plasma membrane than do its parent cells, Dox 40 . [ 3 H]Azidopine photoaffinity labeling of P-gp and its binding competition with unlabeled verapamil showed similar affinity for P-gp between Dox 40 and MDR 10 V cell lines. Non-P-gp-mediated mechanisms of drug resistance, including over-expression of MRP and alterations in topoisomerase II, were not different for MDR 10 V cells compared with Dox 40 cells.
Teaching Introduction to American Government/Politics: What We Learn from the Visual Images in Textbooks

Political science students learn the fundamental principles and values about the American political system from American government/politics textbooks. Most of the major textbooks used in these courses utilize the traditional institutional and behavioral approaches to the study of American government and politics, which examines institutions and processes from a hegemonic perspective with emphasis being placed on the political actors who dominate these institutions. As a result, the struggles of nondominant groups are not treated as integral in American historical development or political experience. Situated in a literature review of similar studies, we use content analysis to examine visualizations of African Americans in 27 circulating introductory American Government/Politics textbooks to ascertain whether these illustrations reinforce or argue against traditional, hegemonic coverage of politics. To test our hypotheses, we sampled 27 circulating introductory American Government/Politics textbooks publ...
Union rent appropriation and ex post analysis

A data set of 106Fortune 500 firms is used to investigate the extent of union rent appropriation in 1977. The analysis identifies the existence of an appropriable asset with greater value in use than exchange as a necessary condition for union rent appropriation. The empirical analysis utilizes a new source of unionization data and explicitly addresses the problems associated with ex post analysis. The results suggest capital- and firm-specific efficiency are major sources for union rent appropriation.
REACTIONS OF URANIUM AND THE PLATINIDE ELEMENTS. III. THE URANIUM-- IRIDIUM SYSTEM.

The phase diagram of the uranium-iridium system was constructed from data obtained by thermal analysis, metallographic examination, and x-ray diffraction. The system is characterized by five intermetallic compounds: U3Ir, formed peritectically near 945 °C and decomposing eutectoidally near 758 °C; U3Ir2, formed peritectically near 1121 °C; UIr, melting congruently at about 1470 °C; UIr2, formed peritectically above 1850 °C; and UIr3, having a congruent melting point above 1950 °C. U3Ir2 has a solid state transition near 898 °C. One eutectic occurs at 914 °C at about 15 atom percent (a/o) iridium between uranium and U3Ir; a second occurs between UIr and UIr2 near 1450 °C; and a third occurs between UIr3 and iridium at about 1950 °C The solid solubility of iridium in gamma-uranium is about 5.5 a/o and of uranium in iridium is under 3 a/o. Iridium lowers the gamma-beta uranium transformation to about 681 °C and the beta-alpha transformation to about 565 °C.
The alcohol industry and public interest science

Aims This report argues that the growing involvement of the alcohol industry in scientific research needs to be acknowledged and addressed. It suggests a set of principles to guide ethical decision‐making in the future. Methods We review relevant issues with regard to relationships between the alcohol industry and the international academic community, especially alcohol research scientists. The guiding principles proposed are modelled after expert committee statements, and describe the responsibilities of governmental agencies, the alcohol industry, journal editors and the academic community. These are followed by recommendations designed to inform individuals and institutions about current ‘best practices’ that are consistent with the principles. Findings and conclusions Growing evidence from the tobacco, pharmaceutical and medical fields suggests that financial interests of researchers may compromise their professional judgement and lead to research results that are biased in favour of commercial interests. It is recommended that the integrity of alcohol science is best served if all financial relationships with the alcoholic beverage industry are avoided. In cases where research funding, consulting, writing assignments and other activities are initiated, institutions, individuals and the alcoholic beverage industry itself are urged to follow appropriate guidelines that will increase the transparency and ethicality of such relationships.
The Prisoners’ Palimpsest: On David Schalkwyk’s Hamlet’s Dreams

In Pretoria Central Prison in 1965, my mother read Madame Bovary in Afrikaans. Shortly before her detention, the South African government had been forced to expand the reading material allowed to i...
Divalent Cd and Pb uptake on calcite {1014} cleavage faces: an XPS and AFM study.

The interaction of divalent Cd and Pb with the {101¯4} cleavage faces of calcite has been investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Analysis of the {101¯4} cleavage planes of calcite was carried out with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after exposure to divalent metal-bearing solutions in the 0.1–100 μM concentration range for times ranging from 1 to 24 h. The uptake of Cd2+ by calcite was determined to be greater than that of Pb2+ under similar experimental conditions (1 μM, pH 8.2, 24 h exposure time). In both cases, the majority of the divalent metal was postulated to exist in a surface precipitate. AFM results showed that the exposure of calcite to a 1 μM Pb2+ solution resulted in ellipsoidal surface growths that were attributed to the nucleation of a PbCO3 bulk phase. In the Cd circumstance, AFM showed comparatively flat growth features forming on the calcite surface even at concentrations down to 0.1 μM, where the solution would be expected to be undersaturated with respect to Cd bulk phases. These features were attributed to a (Ca,Cd)CO3 solid solution. The individual exposure of these Cd/CaCO3 and Pb/CaCO3 samples to water pre-equilibrated with calcite (metal free) for 1 h led to the removal of no more than 20% of the divalent metal, suggesting that if there was an adsorbed Pb or Cd complex initially on the calcite surface, it was an minority species compared to the precipitate phase. Exposure of calcite to 100 μM Cd and Pb resulted in the accumulation of precipitate on the calcite surface presumably due to the divalent metal initial solution concentrations exceeding the solubility products of CdCO3 and PbCO3, respectively.
Association of plasma dilution with cardiopulmonary bypass-associated bleeding and morbidity

Objective To investigate the relationship of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated plasma dilution with blood product transfusion and postoperative morbidity. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Single academic medical center. Participants Five hundred forty adults undergoing cardiac surgery between January 4, 2005 and September 19, 2007. Interventions Records were analyzed for demographics, blood volumes (BVs), and fluid balance. Plasma protein concentrations (% of baseline) at the end of bypass were calculated. The lowest and highest quartiles of plasma protein concentration were correlated with blood product administration and postoperative complications. Measurements and Main Results At the end of bypass, calculated plasma protein concentrations ranged from a low of 10% to a high of 111% of baseline. Concentrations below 45% of baseline were associated with increased blood product administration, longer ventilator support, and longer intensive care unit stay. Conclusions Patient morbidity and likelihood of transfusion were associated with calculated plasma protein concentrations below 45% of baseline. Bleeding and administered fluids decrease both hematocrit and plasma proteins. Infusion of washed, salvaged blood or red blood cells raises hematocrit, but further dilutes clotting factors. If this dilution is excessive, coagulopathy may ensue. Patients with the smallest BVs are at greatest risk, but dilution can negatively impact patients with large BVs as well if the fluid used for cardiopulmonary bypass prime and anesthesia management represents a significant fraction of total BV.
Absorption spectroscopy of RDX monopropellant flames: CN and NH concentrations

UV-visible multi-channel absorption spectroscopy has been used to probe the self-sustained combustion of pressed RDX, a main energetic ingredient found in modern day propellants and explosives. The two dimensional feature of an intensified CCD detector allowed simultaneous recording of multiple, spatially distinct absorption spectra. Between 10 and 12 equally spaced absorption spectra with spatial resolution as small as 0.163 mm have been obtained during 1 ms exposure. The number of absorption spectra and the spatial resolution can easily be set by the detector software, size of the excitation sheet and the focal length of the collection lens. Temporal resolution in the UV region has been increased to 1 ms by pulsing the light source. A 0.54 joule pulse with a duration of 0.75 ms was added to a simmering Xenon arc lamp for the measurement of combustion species. The increase in light intensity of 30 and 70 times the non-pulsed output provided the necessary light flux to achieve single pulse, multiple absorption spectra. To increase the species concentration sensitivity of the experiment, a triple pass optical arrangement was adopted. Partially silvered windows were installed at an angle to the beam providing for three passes across the samples. The corresponding path length was increased by a factor of 2.8 times the sample diameter. Least squares analysis of absorption spectra provide mole fraction profiles for OH, CN and NH along with temperature. Profiles for NC and HN have been determined for self-sustained combustion of RDX in 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 atm air. Peak CN mole fractions of about 200 ppm are observed at 1 atm pressure and the NH mole fraction is about a factor of two lower. As the pressure is increased the reactive CN and HN species peak closer to the combusting surface and reside over a smaller spatial extent. Peak concentrations drop for these higher pressures, but may be due, at least in part, to limitations of the spatial resolution of the absorption experiment.
Antiplane shear of a strip containing a staggered array of rigid line inclusions

Motivated by the increased use of fibre-reinforced materials, we illustrate how the effective elastic modulus of an Isotropic and homogeneous material can be increased by the insertion of rigid inclusions. Specifically, we consider the two-dimensional antiplane shear problem for a strip of material. The strip is reinforced by introducing two sets of ribbon-like, rigid inclusions perpendicular to the faces of the strip. The strip is then subjected to a prescribed uniform displacement difference between its faces, see Figure 1. It should be noted that the problem posed is equivalent to that of the uniform antiplane shear problem for an infinite two-dimensional material containing a staggered array of rigid inclusions (see [1] for a review of antiplane problems in the literature). The problem is reduced in standard fashion [2-6] to a mixed boundary value problem in a rectangular domain, whose closed form solution given in terms of integrals of Weierstrassian Elliptic functions, is obtained via triple sine series techniques. The effective shear modulus of the reinforced strip can now be calculated and compared with the shear modulus of a strip without inclusions. Also obtained are the stress singularity factors at the end tips of the inclusions. Numerical results are presented for several different reinforcement geometries.
Airline Frequency Competition in Airport Congestion Pricing

Airport congestion pricing has often been advocated as a way to control demand for airport operations and achieve efficient resource allocation. Competition between airlines affects the extent to which an airline is willing to pay for airport slots. Accurate modeling of competition is critical to determining the effectiveness of a congestion pricing mechanism. This paper develops an equilibrium model of airline frequency competition in the presence of delay costs and congestion prices. A small hypothetical network is used to evaluate the impacts of congestion prices on the various stakeholders and to investigate the dependence of effectiveness of congestion pricing on the characteristics of frequency competition in individual markets. The effectiveness of congestion pricing depends on three parameters of frequency competition. The results show that variation in the number of passengers per flight plays a vital role in determining the degree of attractiveness of congestion pricing to the airlines. A signif...
Exploiting as hierarchy for scalable route selection in multi-homed stub networks

Multi-homing is a common practice among many (especially large) customer (or stub) networks. Although the purpose of multi-homing is primarily for enhanced reliability, it has also increasingly been used for load balancing and latency reduction. In this paper, we address the problem of how to perform scalable route selection in a multi-homed stub network to optimize network latency to various destinations as measured by round-trip-time (RTT). A straight forward method is to simply perform RTT measurements (e.g., using ping) to each destination via each provider and select the one with the minimum RTT as the "best" next-hop to the destination. Is there a more.To answer this question, we carry out a measurement-based study to analyze the differences of RTTs in using two different providers in a multi-homed stub network to reach a large number of randomly selected destinations. Our study reveals that because of the AS hierarchy, for a large fraction of the network prefixes, the two AS paths through two providers merge in the core of the Internet. Furthermore, the router at which the two router level paths merge is actually in the AS at which the AS level paths merge. This phenomenon causes the RTT difference between the two paths through the two providers to be determined by the non shared portion of the paths. Our study reveals that most of the two router level paths through the two upstream providers merge at the AS at which the two AS level paths merge. Based on this finding, we devise a scalable route (next-hop provider) selection algorithm using BGP information in a multi-homed stub network. We also present a preliminary evaluation.