cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auditory and Visual Vigilance in Normal and Learning Disabled Readers

The Continuous Performance Test was administered to normal and learning disabled males (CA 12.5) to test the proposition that learning disabled children manifest an attention deficit related to reading performance. Children were tested on two task lengths (4.45 and 9.30 minutes) and two modalities (auditory and visual) in which dependent measures were correct detections and false responses. As expected, learning disabled children with reading deficiencies made significantly fewer correct detections and more false responses than did normal children. There was no strong evidence to indicate that a visual presentation provided better attention for learning disabled children. Results were interpreted as supporting the notion that learning disabled readers are underattentive to critical stimuli.
Coherent optical spectroscopy of a semiconductor quantum dot cavity QED system in the strong coupling regime

Coherent optical spectroscopy of a strongly-coupled semiconductor microcavity-quantum dot system is performed using a fiber taper waveguide to efficiently access the system. Vacuum Rabi splitting under weak driving and saturation under strong driving are observed.
Formal Classroom Lessons: New Perspectives on a Familiar Discourse Event.

Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the discourse expectations of formal classroom lessons in order to provide an informational base for curriculum-based language intervention...
The Role of the Territory in the Ecology of the Intertidal Limpet Lottia Gigantea (Gray)

The marine mollusk Lottia gigantea, a large grazing limpet of the upper intertidal zone, grazes algal film from a territory which it defends against intrusions by conspecifics and other grazers as well as the gradual encroachment of sessile organisms. The areas of the territories are correlated with the length of the resident Lottia, but for a given size of Lottia the areas vary greatly at different study sites. The thickness of the algal film charcteristic of the territory fluctuates, being greatest in spring. Experimental removal of abundant algal film from some territories in spring was followed by enlargement of these territories relative to controls. Growth rates of Lottia are positively correlated with the thickness of the algal film in their territories. The smaller limpets (1—2 cm in length) of the genus Acmaea are able to crop the algal film more closely than Lottia and will remove almost all the algal film from a territory if the territory—resident is removed. Experiments to determine whether te...
The relation between health status changes and patient satisfaction in older hospitalized medical patients

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between two patient outcome measures that can be used to assess the quality of hospital care: changes in health status between admission and discharge, and patient satisfaction.
Norplant® use among urban minority women in the United States

The aim of this study was to develop a profile of urban American women who chose Norplant(R), determine factors associated with retention and early termination of implants, and to determine reasons for early removal. A total of 197 adult black and Hispanic women who had Norplant inserted were followed prospectively for up to 5 years. Interval and cumulative termination rates were calculated. Data were stratified by race and analyzed to include lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) subjects. Multivariate survival analysis was used to determine variables independently associated with termination. Cumulative continuation rates were 68% after year 1 and 13% after year 4. Significant predictors of retention included black race and lower parity. Probability of early termination increased with higher parity and Hispanic race. For black subjects, recent use of hormonal contraception was a predictor of retention. Menstrual changes and weight concerns were common reasons for removal. The Norplant 1-year continuation rate is lower than previously reported, but is higher than reported for oral contraceptives and Depo-Provera(R). Future studies should stratify by age, race, and parity, and use standardized terminology to report intervals of use.
Sentence complexity eliminates the mnemonic advantage of bizarre imagery

Research has consistently shown that bizarre sentences are better remembered than common sentences when bizarreness is manipulated within-subjects, memory is assessed with free recall, and the processing instructions emphasize the use of imagery. Even though previous research conforms remarkably to this pattern, a recent exception to this pattern (Kroll, Schepeler, & Angin, 1986, Experiment 1) suggests that there are additional factors that control bizarre imagery effects. Several methodological factors were experimentally examined to try to identify the reason for the discrepancy between the Kroll et al. findings and the rest of the literature. The results indicated that the complexity of the stimulus materials can eliminate the bizarreness effect. Several explanations for this finding are discussed.
Effect of the postictal state on visual-spatial memory in immature rats.

Abstract Postictal cognitive impairment following seizures can last from minutes to days and be disabling to the patient. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavioral features of seizures with postictal memory impairment in young seizure-naive rats and rats with a prior history of status epilepticus (SE) and examine the relationship between postictal EEG changes and cognitive recovery. Following training in the water maze to asymptote levels of learning, rats with a prior history of SE and seizure-naive rats had flurothyl-induced generalized seizures and time to recovery to baseline was then measured. Following generalized seizures rats had impaired performance in the water maze with the duration of the cognitive deficits exceeding the length of the seizure. There was not a close relationship between duration of cognitive impairment and either latency to onset of seizure or duration. The animal's neurological status was a factor in the duration of cognitive impairment following seizures; while there were no differences between SE and seizure-naive rats in latency to seizure onset or duration of the seizures, animals with a prior history of SE had a longer period of impairment following a seizure than animals without such a history. Postictal cognitive impairment was associated with changes in θ activity in animals with a prior history of SEs but not in seizure-naive animals. Caffeine, when administered following the seizure, reduced postictal cognitive impairment in a dose-dependent manner. This study demonstrates that duration of postictal cognitive impairment is not directly related to duration of the seizure. The neurological status of the animal is a determining factor in duration of postictal impairment.
Increase in circulating levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio over a decade is associated with colorectal adenomatous polyps.

High levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been associated with increased risk of several cancers. Regarding colorectal cancer, these associations are generally weak. We hypothesized that an increase in IGF-1 over time would be a stronger risk factor for cancer-related outcomes than the actual levels. In this analysis we utilized existing data from the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS). Circulating IGF-1 levels and molar ratios of IGF-1 to IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were measured at three time points, within a 10-year follow-up period. We examined the associations of increase of the two variables with the presence of colorectal adenoma at the end of follow-up among participants with normal glucose tolerance at baseline. This included 143 individuals, from which 24 were diagnosed with adenomatous polyps. Although the mean levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 decline with age, approximately 30% of the participants showed an increase of at least fifteen percent (“ever increase”) in one or both of these variables, compared to baseline. We found a positive association between “ever increase” in IGF-1 o r IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and the presence of colorectal adenoma: ORs were 3.81 (95% CI: 1.30-10.8) and 2.83 (95% CI: 1.00-8.22), respectively. No association was found when analyzing the actual levels of both variables at any time point. Our data suggest that an increase in circulating IGF-1 or IGF-1/IGFBP-3 may represent a disturbed GH/IGF1 homeostasis, which could favor the development of precancerous lesions, such as colorectal adenoma.
Cover Picture: ChemBioChem 9/2002

The cover picture shows a schematic representation of the mechanistic and catalytic diversity exhibited by mutants of 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT). A designed single amino acid substitution can alter the catalytic activity and mechanism of this enzyme. While the wild-type 4-OT catalyzes only the tautomerization of oxalocrotonate through a general acid/base machanism, the Pro1Ala mutant catalyzes two reactions—the original tautomerization reaction through an acid/base mechanism and the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by a nucleophilic mechanism. This bifunctional mutant suggests that a new synthetic family of nucleophilic catalysts could be generated on the basis of the 4-OT scaffold through selection methods and rational protein engineering. For more details, see the article by Brik et al. on p. 845 ff.
Subtherapeutic dicloxacillin levels in a neonate: Possible mechanisms†

A neonate treated initially with oxacillin intravenously for two weeks and who was receiving phenobarbital for a seizure disorder subsequently failed to achieve therapeutic levels of orally administered dicloxacillin, even when the dosage was as high as 175 mg/kg/day. Intestinal absorption was documented by high serum peak levels. The low trough levels correlated with a high urinary excretion rate. The possibility that renal tubular transport of dicloxacillin was stimulated by administration of penicillin derivatives (and/or phenobarbital) is suggested, and the need for careful monitoring of serum levels of antibiotics in neonates is emphasized.
The influence of environmental conditions and hydrologic connectivity on cyanobacteria assemblages in two drowned river mouth lakes

Abstract We evaluated the temporal and spatial variability of cyanotoxins, water chemistry, and cyanobacteria communities in two lakes of different trophic status. Bear Lake is a hypereutrophic system that flows into mesotrophic Muskegon Lake. Total microcystins (MC) in Bear Lake (mean, 1.66 μg/L) were composed of multiple structural analogs: 43% MC-LR, 50% MC-RR, and 7% MC-YR. Total microcystins in Muskegon Lake (mean, 0.52 μg/L) consisted of MC-LR (76%), MC-RR (14%), MC-YR (6%), and MC-LA (3%). The lakes were dominated by the cyanobacteria Microcystis spp., which accounted for 75% of phytoplankton biovolume in Bear Lake and > 90% in Muskegon Lake. Total microcystin concentration was positively correlated with cyanobacteria biovolume and turbidity (Muskegon Lake) and total phosphorus (Bear Lake), while negatively correlated with ammonia (Bear Lake) and nitrate (both lakes). The relationships between microcystins and environmental factors differed between lakes, despite hydrologic connectivity, suggesting that local conditions have a greater influence on toxin production than regional effects. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was found in both systems; however, the assemblage does not appear to be capable of producing cylindrospermopsin due to the absence of the PKS gene. Although the Bear Lake discharge appears to be the source of C. raciborskii , the physical/chemical properties of Muskegon Lake (lower turbidity and temperature, higher nitrate) may constrain the growth of this invasive species. Thus, local conditions in each lake are important in determining which species are capable of maintaining a viable population.
GTROTA: A code for the solution of the coupled nonlinear extended neoclassical rotation equations in tokamak plasmas using successive over-relaxation and simulated annealing

Abstract GTROTA (Georgia Tech ROTAtion) is a code that solves the extended neoclassical rotation equations for tokamak plasmas, derived from the multifluid moment equations (including electromagnetic effects) in generalized toroidal magnetic flux surface geometry. It computes the toroidal and poloidal fluid rotation velocities and the in–out and up–down density asymmetries at each radial location. The solution of these equations is accomplished iteratively, using a physically motivated decomposition, successive over-relaxation and the concept of simulated annealing. Program summary Program title: GTROTAv1 Catalogue identifier: AEPT_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEPT_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 12 890 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 099 937 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Matlab. Computer: Any workstation or PC where Matlab can be run. Operating system: Any with Matlab available. Tested on Windows 7. RAM: 1024 MB to run Matlab Classification: 19.11. Nature of problem: Tokamak plasma rotation velocities and the poloidal in–out and up–down asymmetries of plasma densities are calculated from the coupled set of nonlinear equations, which show a very instable iterative dynamics. To solve for the true solution for this nonlinearly coupled system that does not converge to a single solution, physics-based determination of the true solution becomes necessary and GTROTA provides the algorithm for users to find the true solution from the nonlinear topological maps. Solution method: The code decomposes the given system into three subsystems to stabilize the iterative dynamics and uses Successive Over-Relaxation and the concept of Simulated Annealing to determine the true solution. Restrictions: The code is designed for strong rotation analysis. An updated code for slow rotation and plasma edge analysis is to be developed in the future. Unusual features: For a new rotation calculation, the code requires several test runs to determine the iterations step for the true solution. Additional comments: Due to the extreme nonlinearity of the extended rotation calculation model, the signs of the inputs must be adjusted correctly to yield correct solutions. Refer to the User’s Manual for this discussion. Running time: 8 s (except test runs that depend on the complexity of the nonlinear dynamics).
The Endangerment of Moses: Towards a New Reading of Exodus 4:24-26

Moses’ endangerment in Exodus 4:24-26 in which Yahweh sought to kill him has perplexed scholarship as to its rationale: why kill Moses, the one chosen to deliver Israel out of slavery? Scholarly responses to this pericope tend to identify causality for Moses’ endangerment that is both Moses’ doing and external to the call and journey. The following article suggests that Moses’ endangerment is a formalized rite of passage which is part of a wider, literary unit. As such, Moses is endangered precisely because he has undertaken this journey and for no other reason; his jeopardy is both internal to the narrative and a functional component of his mission. The paper proposes that this wider, literary unit is also the framework around which the story of Balaam’s journey in Numbers 22 is built. As such, Exodus 4 and Numbers 22 are read, and best understood, in conversation with one another.
Theory, phenomenology, and prospects for detection of supersymmetric dark matter.

One of the great attractions of minimal superunified supersymmetric models is the prediction of a massive, stable, weakly interacting particle [the lightest supersymmetric partner (LSP)] which can have the right relic abundance to be a cold dark matter candidate. In this paper we investigate the identity, mass, and properties of the LSP after requiring gauge coupling unification, proper electroweak symmetry breaking, and numerous phenomenological constraints. We then discuss the prospects for detecting the LSP. The experiments which we investigate are (1) space annihilations into positrons, antiprotons, and \ensuremath{\gamma} rays, (2) large underground arrays to detect upward-going muons arising from LSP capture and annihilation in the sun and earth, (3) elastic collisions on matter in a table top apparatus, and (4) production of LSP's or decays into LSP's at high energy colliders. Our conclusions are that space annihilation experiments and large underground detectors are of limited help in initially detecting the LSP although perhaps they could provide confirmation of a signal seen in other experiments, while table top detectors have considerable discovery potential. Colliders such as the CERN LEP II, an upgraded Fermilab, and the CERN LHC might be the best dark matter detectors of all. This paper improves on most previous analyses in the literature by (a) only considering parameters not already excluded by several physics constraints listed above, (b) presenting results that are independent of (usually untenable) parameter choices, (c) comparing opportunities to study the same cold dark matter, and (d) including minor technical improvements.
Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I Prevents the Development of Sensitivity to Kainate Neurotoxicity in Cerebellar Granule Cells

This study reports that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) prevents cerebellar granule cells from developing sensitivity to kainate neurotoxicity. Sensitivity to kainate neurotoxicity normally develops 5-6 days after switching cultures to a serum-free medium containing 25 mM K(+). Addition of either IGF-I or insulin to the serum-free medium at the time of the switch prevented the development of sensitivity to kainate, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4, and nerve growth factor did not. The dose-response curves indicated IGF-I was more potent than insulin, favoring the assignment of the former as the physiological protective agent. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) inhibitors wortmannin (10-100 nM) and LY 294002 (0.3-1 microM) abolished the protection afforded by IGF-I. The p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) inhibitor rapamycin (5-50 nM:) also abolished the protection afforded by IGF-I. The activities of both enzymes decreased in cultures switched to serum-free medium but increased when IGF-I was included; wortmannin (100 nM) lowered the activity of PI 3-K from 2 to 5 days after medium switch, whereas rapamycin (50 nM) prevented the increase observed for p70(S6k) activity over the same interval. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U 0126 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB 203580 did not abolish IGF-I protection. Kainate neurotoxicity was not prevented by Joro spider toxin; therefore, the development of kainate neurotoxicity could not be explained by the formation of calcium-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors. These results indicate that IGF-I functions through a signal transduction pathway involving PI 3-K and p70(S6k) to prevent the development of sensitivity to kainate neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule cells.
Factors affecting short-term and long-term stabilities of proteins

Proteins are marginally stable and, hence, are readily denatured by various stresses encountered in solution, or in the frozen or dried states. Various additives are known to minimize damage and enhance the stability of proteins. This review discusses the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which these additives stabilize proteins against acute stresses, and also the various factors to be considered for long-term storage of proteins in solution.
Stratigraphy and ductile structure of the Presidential Range, New Hampshire: Tectonic implications for the Acadian orogeny

The Presidential Range of New Hampshire with its unique high relief contains exceptionally well exposed rocks of the Acadian orogenic hinterland. These rocks are within the Central Maine terrane, a belt of complexly metamorphosed and deformed Silurian and Devonian metasedimentary rocks. The Presidential Range lies between regions to the south dominated by refolded nappes and synkinematic high-grade regional metamorphism and regions to the northeast dominated by overlapping multiple deformation and contact metamorphism produced by late- and post-Acadian plutons. To better understand these complex tectonic variations and, in particular, to clearly and accurately determine the effects of the Devonian Acadian orogeny in a well-exposed region, the bedrock geology in the alpine zone of the Presidential Range was mapped in great detail. The results of the stratigraphic and ductile structural analyses are presented here. Five metasedimentary formations have been recognized and constitute a conformable stratigraphy, which, from oldest to youngest, are the Silurian (?) Rangeley, Perry Mountain, Smalls Falls, and Madrid Formations, and the Devonian (?) Littleton Formation. The Littleton Formation has been subdivided into fifteen different members and three submembers based on variations in bedding style of the schists and quartzites and other lithologic peculiarities. The Madrid, Smalls Falls, and Perry Mountains Formations are extremely thin, consistent with their deposition near the Silurian tectonic hinge. The Rangeley Formation is interpreted as an olistostromal melange and has been subdivided into three different members and six submembers on the basis of lithologic variations in the gneiss and subordinate units. The Presidential Range preserves three phases of ductile folding (F1, F2, and F3) and a single phase of thrust faulting (T1). Well-constrained southeast-, east- or northeast-facing directions and consistent asymmetry of F1 nappe limbs suggest that nappe vergence was easterly. Severe refolding of some nappes resulted during F2 collapse of the nappe pile. The west-vergent (?) Greenough Spring thrust fault truncated F1 and F2 structures and juxtaposed nonmigmatized and migmatized rocks. F3 east-vergent folding dominates the alpine zone and represents the final tightening of Acadian structures, which occurred after early granitic plutonism and prior to the emplacement of postkinematic granitic sheets. The structural and sedimentological evidence supports the existence of a subduction system that was active beginning in the early Silurian on the east flank of the Bronson Hill Anticlinorium with a west-dipping subducting slab geometry. This system persisted throughout the Acadian.
Psychiatry and chronic pain: Examining the interface and designing a structure for a patient‐center approach to treatment

Chronic pain disorders require comprehensive care. While interdisciplinary approaches are recommended, the role of the psychiatrist is often misunderstood. Psychiatrists should be involved with the care of patients with chronic pain as early as possible to maximize response to treatment and improvements in quality of life. Psychiatrists offer an expertise that specifically addresses important deficiencies in the care of patients with chronic pain: (1) the lack of a detailed formulation, (2) the lumping of all psychopathology, and (3) the failure to effectively utilize a rehabilitation model of treatment.
Childhood Cruelty to Animals: Assessing Cruelty Dimensions and Motivations

ABSTRACTPreventing and treating childhood cruelty to animals will require a) qualitative, as well as quantitative, assessment methods and b) specification of the varied motivations for such behavior. Although some information is available about the prevalence and frequency of animal maltreatment in samples of children and adolescents, especially those diagnosed with Conduct Disorder, other dimensions of such maltreatment (e.g., severity, chronicity) are only beginning to be explored.We describe the research and development process leading to construction of a semi-structured interview, the Children and Animals (Cruelty to Animals) Assessment Instrument (CAAI), for use with children over four years of age and their parents, to obtain information on animal maltreatment. The CAAI was field-tested with a community and clinical sample of twenty children and included children in day treatment and residential programs for emotionally disturbed youth, incarcerated adolescents, and children accompanying their moth...
Multiple or single 21-hydroxylases in congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a single 21-hydroxylase in CAH ∗ that is defective or multiple different 21-hydroxylases that are involved. The activity of the 17-OH progesterone 21-hydroxylase in cortisol biosynthesis was estimated by measuring plasma 17-OH progesterone and cortisol levels simultaneously at frequent intervals throughout the day in two patients with non-saltlosing CAH and three patients with salt-losing CAH. Plasma progesterone and corticosterone concentrations were also measured on the same blood samples as an index to progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity in the corticosterone biosynthetic pathway. During periods of maximal adrenal secretory activity it was found that plasma 17-OH progesterone concentrations were markedly elevated in all patients while cortisol levels were either low normal (in non-salt-losers) or low (in salt-losers). At the same time, plasma progesterone and corticosterone concentrations were normal or elevated in both forms of CAH. Although not conclusive, these results favor the multiple enzyme theory in the pathogenesis of CAH.
Electro-oculogram changes in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Recent evidence suggests that retinal hypoxia and ischemia affect the standing potential of the eye and the activity of the photoreceptors. To test whether chronically elevated intraocular pressure would produce similar effects, we measured electro-oculograms in two groups of patients: ocular hypertensive patients and patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. There were significant differences among the average electro-oculogram ratios of these groups compared to age-similar controls. The control observers had an average light-peak/dark-trough ratio of 2.86, the ocular hypertensive patients had an average ratio of 2.44, and the patients with primary open-angle glaucoma had an average ratio of 2.07. This indicates that long-term elevations in intraocular pressure can decrease the light peak of the electrooculogram, even in patients with no other evidence of glaucomatous damage. This deficit may have its origins in the sensitivity of the outer retina to choroidal ischemia.
32 species validation of a new Illumina paired-end approach for the development of microsatellites

Development and optimization of novel species-specific microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) remains an important step for studies in ecology, evolution, and behavior. Numerous approaches exist for identifying new SSRs that vary widely in terms of both time and cost investments. A recent approach of using paired-end Illumina sequence data in conjunction with the bioinformatics pipeline, PAL_FINDER, has the potential to substantially reduce the cost and labor investment while also improving efficiency. However, it does not appear that the approach has been widely adopted, perhaps due to concerns over its broad applicability across taxa. Therefore, to validate the utility of the approach we developed SSRs for 32 species representing 30 families, 25 orders, 11 classes, and six phyla and optimized SSRs for 13 of the species. Overall the IPE method worked extremely well and we identified 1000s of SSRs for all species (mean = 128,485), with 17% of loci being potentially amplifiable loci, and 25% of these met our most stringent criteria designed to that avoid SSRs associated with repetitive elements. Approximately 61% of screened primers yielded strong amplification of a single locus.
Research of collaborative process workflow modeling based on stochastic Petri nets

Collaborative process workflow is able to implement effective control and management for process planning flow and meet the process informationization needs of manufacturing enterprises. With the application of stochastic Petri nets (SPN) to the model of collaborative process workflow, the article proposes the method of collaborative process workflow modeling. The relationship of actual process flow and the elements of SPN is studied. This model is on flow described based on SPN, and also established by use case diagram and sequence diagram of UML to compensate for the lack of SPN. Finally, a prototype system is developed based on the model built by this article combining with the actual process situation of an enterprise.
Calcium Signaling: Double Duty for Calcium at the Mitochondrial Uniporter

Uptake of Ca 2+ by mitochondria serves as a regulator of a number of important cellular functions, including energy metabolism, cytoplasmic Ca 2+ signals, and apoptosis. Recent findings reveal that the process of Ca 2+ uptake by the mitochondrial uniporter is itself regulated by Ca 2+ in a temporally complex manner.
Phenotypic Change Caused by Transcriptional Bypass of Uracil in Nondividing Cells

Cytosine deamination to uracil occurs frequently in cellular DNA. In vitro, RNA polymerase efficiently inserts adenine opposite to uracil, resulting in G to A base substitutions. In vivo, uracil could potentially alter transcriptional fidelity, resulting in production of mutant proteins. This study demonstrates that in nondividing Escherichia coli cells, a DNA template base replaced with uracil in a stop codon in the firefly luciferase gene results in conversion of inactive to active luciferase. The level of transcriptional base substitution is dependent on the capacity to repair uracil. These results provide evidence for a DNA damage–dependent, transcription-driven pathway for generating mutant proteins in nondividing cells.
Design of a low-cost 2-D beam-steering antenna using ferroelectric material and CTS technology

The design of a new low-cost antenna array with two-dimensional beam-scanning capability is presented in this paper. The design procedure is based on the continuous transverse stub (CTS) technology and the use of ferroelectric material. With the application of a low-loss ferroelectric material barium strontium titanium oxide with 40% oxide III, beam-scan capability from -60/spl deg/ to 60/spl deg/ was achieved. The tradeoffs in selecting the ferroelectric material and between losses and bias voltage in the CTS design were also examined. Furthermore, it was found necessary to adjust the dimensions of the radiating stubs, as well as the connecting sections of the feed waveguide so as to eliminate reflections between the stubs and, hence, maintain the desirable radiation pattern. It is shown that the use of an average height for the feed waveguide will result in deterioration in the radiation pattern.
Testosterone induced pup-killing behavior in the ovariectomized female rat.

Abstract The adult male rat will usually cannibalize newborn rat pups which are placed in his cage; castration of the male will block this behavior and replacement therapy with testosterone will maintain the behavior. On the other hand adult females, which normally do not kill pups, did not kill pups following treatment with testosterone in two prior experiments. In the present experiment females were induced to kill pups using a treatment regimen involving prenatal and postnatal or only postnatal treatment with testosterone propionate. It was concluded that testosterone is capable of activating killing behavior in the female if the appropriate treatment regimen is employed.
3D Part identification based on local shape descriptors

This paper explores 3D object recognition based on local shape descriptor. 3D object recognition is becoming an increasingly important task in modern applications such as computer vision, CAD/CAM, multimedia, molecular biology, robotics, and so on. Compared with general objects, CAD models contain more complicated structures and subtle local features. It is especially challenging to recognize the CAD model from the point clouds which only contain partial data of the model.We adopt the Bag of Words framework to do the partial-to-global 3D CAD retrieval. In this paper the visual words dictionary is constructed based on the spin image local feature descriptor. The method is tested on the Purdue Engineering Benchmark. Furthermore, several experiments are performed to show how the size of query data and the dissimilarity measurement affect the retrieval results.
Organic phosphorus compounds 53 preparation and properties of bis-(chloromethyl)-phosphinic and -thiophosphinic acid derivatives as well as tertiary phosphine oxides and sulfides containing two ClCH2 groups [1]

Bis-chloromethyl-phosphinates, -thiophophinates, and -phosphinic amides are formed in fair yield by treating either bis-chloromethyl-phosphinic or-thiophosphinic chloride with alcohols, thiols, or amines in the presence of equivalent amounts of acid binding agents. Unexpectedly, the thiophosphinates show no insecticidal activity and only the β-cumaryl derivative exhibits a low herbicidal activity. Reduction of bis-chloromethyl-thiophosphinic chloride to bis-chloromethyl-phosphinous chloride is effected with (PhO)3P at 170°. Interaction of this chloride, (ClCH2)2PCl, with Grignard reagents yields tertiary phosphines, which at slightly above room temperature are unstable, but which may be characterized as oxides or sulfides.
Aspirin for the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Over 600,000 people worldwide die of colorectal cancer (CRC) annually, highlighting the importance of developing effective prevention strategies. Among proposed chemopreventive interventions, aspirin is perhaps the agent with the strongest body of evidence that supports wider spread use to significantly reduce the population burden of CRC. Several epidemiological studies, four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of colorectal polyp recurrence, and RCTs in patients with hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes, have shown that aspirin reduces incidence of colorectal neoplasia. Recently, in a pooled analysis of five cardiovascular-prevention RCTs linked to cancer outcomes, daily aspirin use at any dose reduced the risk of CRC by 24% and of CRC-associated mortality by 35% after a delay of 8–10 years. In an expanded meta-analysis of 8 cardiovascular-prevention RCTs, daily aspirin use at any dose was associated with a 21% lower risk of all cancer death, including CRC, with benefit only apparent after 5 years. In this review, we will summarize human studies of aspirin in CRC prevention as well as discuss the safety profile and mechanism of aspirin in CRC prevention.
Comparing the Stanford-Binet, fourth edition to the WISC—R: A concurrent validity study.

Abstract This study focused on the concurrent validity of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 4th ed. (SB IV) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) in a homogeneous, nonexceptional sample of 32 early elementary school children. Despite the limited nature of the sample, the findings suggested that the SB IV has a significant positive relationship with the WISC-R. The tests displayed a moderate level of common variance. Intercorrelations partially supported the SB IV authors' predictions of relationship between the two instruments.
Effect of viagra on the foveolar choroidal circulation of AMD patients

To investigate the effects of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on foveolar choroidal circulation in patients with age related macular degeneration (AMD). Double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Fifteen male AMD patients received a dose of 100 mg of sildenafil or matching placebo on two separate days. Laser Doppler flowmetry was performed to assess relative choroidal blood velocity (ChB(Vel)), volume (ChB(Vol)) and flow (ChB(Flow)) in the study eye prior to administration of the drug at baseline and 30, 90, 180, 300 min after dosing. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), mean arterial blood pressure (BPm), heart rate (HR), intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (PP) were determined. In comparison to placebo, sildenafil did not cause any statistically significant changes in mean ChB(Vel) (ANOVA, P=0.12), ChB(Vol) (ANOVA, P=0.24) or ChB(Flow) (ANOVA, P=0.46). There were no statistically significant changes in CS (ANOVA, P=0.59), BCVA (P=0.58), IOP (P=0.81) or HR (P=0.07) throughout the study. Significant decreases in BPm (P=0.006) and PP (P=0.006) were observed at 30 min after sildenafil. Administration of sildenafil citrate didn't cause any statistically significant changes in the foveolar choroidal circulation of AMD patients.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation Using Surgical Space Modification

Treatment using a Le Fort I osteotomy and sequential prosthodontic rehabilitation is presented. This treatment combination is a viable alternative therapy for the severe extrusion of posterior maxillary dento-osseous segments.
Comparison of Nonlinear Estimation for Ballistic Missile Tracking

Approaches towards nonlinear state estimation have been recently advanced to include more accurate and stable alternatives. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the first and most widely used approach (applied as early as the late 1960's and developed into the early 1980's), uses potentially unstable derivative-based linearization of nonlinear process and/or measurement dynamics. The Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), developed after around 1994, approximates a distribution about the mean using a set of calculated sigma points. The Central Difference Filter (CDF), or Divided Difference Filter (DDF), developed after around 1997, uses divided difference approximations of derivatives based on Stirling's interpolation formula and results in a similar mean, but a different covariance from the EKF and using techniques based on similar principles to those of the UKF. This paper compares the performance of the three approaches above to the problem of Ballistic Missile tracking under various sensor configurations, target dynamics, measurement update / sensor communication rate and measurement noise. The importance of filter stability in some cases is emphasized as the EKF shows possible divergence due to linearization errors and overconfident state covariance while the UKF shows possibly slow convergence due to overly large state covariance approximations. The CDF demonstrates relatively consistent stability, despite its similarities to the UKF. The requirement that the UKF expected state covariance is positive definite is demonstrated to be unrealistic in a case involving multi-sensor fusion, indicating the necessity for its reportedly more robust and efficient square-root implementation. Strategies for taking advantage of the strengths (and avoiding the weaknesses) of each filter are proposed.
The reduced dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosities of the metals—mercury, sodium and potassium—over their entire liquid range, i.e., from the melting point to the critical point, and a comparison with van der Waals' substances☆

Abstract Recently it has been possible to estimate both the dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosities of three metals—mercury, potassium and sodium—over their entire liquid temperature range from experimental data and the use of da C. Andrade's II equation and the law of hyperbolic diameter. The reduced viscosities of the three metals, both dynamic and kinematic, v. T red are derived and compared with the same functions for van der Waal's substances. It is demonstrated that the three liquid metals (and presumably other metals) behave quite differently from van der Waals substances. It is also shown that the behaviour of mercury, as described in the literature, is contrary to present day factual knowledge.
Maintenance and growth ofHelminthosporium solani

We have found that by using water agar as an isolation medium, V-8 juice agar as a growth substrate, and sterilized rye grains as a storage medium we can: 1) produce copious amounts ofHelminthosporium solani conidia that were successfully used as inoculum and: 2) the sterilized rye grains could be used to maintain viable cultures of the five isolates ofH. solani used in this study for 16 months. All of the isolates were pathogenic on tubers of the potato cultivars Katahdin and Superior.
Synthesis and Characterization of Complex Mixtures Consisting of Cyclic and Linear Polyamides from Ethyl Bis-Ketal Galactarates

Bis-ketal-protected diethyl galactarate was condensed with different diamines to prepare sugar-based polyamides. Ketal-protected polyamides, which are soluble in organic solvents, were deprotected with 90% trifluoroacetic acid to yield water insoluble materials. FTIR, NMR, GPC, MALDI-TOF, ESI and TGA techniques were used to characterize the structure and the properties of these biodegradable materials. D-galactaric acid-based polyamides are complex mixtures of cyclic and linear structures. High molecular weight linear polymer formation was limited by competitive cyclization reactions. The percentage of cyclization was highly dependent on the nature of the diamine used. Polycondensation with linear aliphatic diamines favored the formation of macrocycles, identified by MALDI-TOF and ESI.
Recent volcanism in Masaya-Granada Area, Nicaragua

Masaya-Granada area is located in the middle part of the Central American volcanic zone. A basaltic shield volcano with a caldera, an acidic pyroclastic flow plateau with a caldera, cinder cones, maars, a lava dome and a composite andesitic volcano were formed by recent volcanic activities. Magmas of basic and intermediate ejecta are supposed to be formed by partial melting of the upper mantle material. Most of basalts and andesites was derived from common parental magma after crystallization differentiation history, but some basalts, which have extremely high MgO content and low K2O content might be derived from primary magma of different type. There is no evidence to deny the possibility of differentiation product of acidic rock from basic magma, but compositional gap on variation diagram suggest the possibility of partial melting origin. Strike-slip fault systems might have been formed in association with plate movement, and fluidal basaltic magma was erupted also along these fault zones.
Effect Of Pressure On Molecular Conformation: An Experimental Method For Its Determination

After a brief review of the published literature on the effect of pressure on the conformation of macromolecules, the advantage of using the technique of Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) in such studies is brought out. An experimental design to carry out such ORD measurements at high pressure is presented.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An effective field theory for the calculation of matrix elements involving heavy quarks

Abstract To measure matrix elements involving heavy quarks on the lattice, including fB and the B meson decay constant, the dependence on the heavy quark mass must first be extracted analytically. We present the resulting continuum effective field theory action and illustrate its utility by calculating the one-loop renormalization of an arbitrary heavy-light bilinear. We also discuss the limits of the approximation.
Operational principles for cone-beam computed tomography.

ABSTRACT Background Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was introduced into the U.S. market in 2001. Today, there are more than 3,000 installed units in the United States. There are numerous CBCT manufacturers and types of units. To produce the best imaging results, clinicians need to be knowledgeable about the CBCT unit, the clinical issue being investigated and how to optimize the unit's operational parameters. The author identifies the variables that should be considered for each imaging session and addresses the building blocks required to design the appropriate imaging strategy. The remaining articles in this supplement address imaging for orthodontics, the investigation and localization of impacted teeth and implant planning, and customized imaging protocols designed to solve the clinical issues being presented. Methods The author addresses CBCT from an operational point of view. An ideal imaging examination answers the clinical question while maintaining an acceptable radiation dose and cost. The quality and value of each imaging study is proportional to the protocol being used. The author also addresses imaging protocol variables (raw data frames, scan time, voxel size, field of view and milliampere settings) and their effects on the final image quality and radiation dose, as well as CBCT accuracy and the radiation dose. Results CBCT can provide image volumes of the maxillofacial region and can be useful in clinical dentistry. Conclusion CBCT has been shown to be a precise imaging modality and is a valuable tool for use in dental applications. Clinical Implications CBCT can be used for diagnosis and treatment planning for all of the dental specialties.
Isolation of English Juvenile Offenders by Classification: An American Perspective

A major concern of American juvenile corrections is isolating corrigible youths from corruption by hardened criminals. The English system provides a model both informative in its variety, and pertinent in its shared common law background. A major principle of English procedure is insofar as possible to remove juveniles from the court system. Devices to achieve this with various age groups have been legislated, but not always implemented. Failing such removal, pre-trial isolation of youthful offenders is achieved largely through avoiding confinement. Summons is extensively used. If arrested, release on recognizance is usual. Youths in custody pending trial are held in Remand Centres not used for those serving sentences. While on trial, the use of adult courtrooms for juveniles is restricted. English juvenile corrections provide a rich range of options. Use of prisons for those under twenty-one is sharply restricted. Borstal training exists for those over seventeen, and in exceptional cases fourteen. Detent...
Polymerase chain reaction determination of RhD blood type: an evaluation of accuracy.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a portion of the RhD gene by testing a large number of DNA samples derived from individuals whose RhD status was established by the standard serologic method. Methods: Seven hundred sixty-five samples were obtained from two sources: subjects taking part in studies at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (n = 107), and Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) families used for studies of genetic variation (n = 658). Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from blood samples of University of Iowa volunteers and from CEPH families by standard techniques. With few modifications, published primers, reaction and electrophoresis conditions, which yield a 1200-bp fragment in all individuals and a 600-bp fragment in RhD-positive individuals, were used. Results: By standard serologic techniques, we identified samples from 632 RhD-positive and 133 RhD-negative individuals. Two (both from CEPH) of the 632 RhD-positive individuals were characterized as RhD-negative by PCR. Seven of the 133 RhD-negative samples were judged to be RhD-positive by PCR because of the presence of a light 600-bp band. Despite repeated attempts, no bands or DNA were identified in one RhD-negative sample. Thus, the sensitivity of RhD typing by PCR was 99.7%, the specificity 94.0%. Conclusion: Based on our data, it would appear that the use of PCR to establish RhD type can be introduced cautiously into current management schemes in the evaluation of RhD sensitization.