cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of telemedicine intervention for childhood depression

Abstract Context: Childhood depression is associated with high short-term and long-term morbidity. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression has been supported as an effective treatment in the traditional clinic setting. But many families face barriers to depression treatment, including distance to providers, provider shortages, stigma, and other challenges. Telemedicine or interactive televideo offers an innovative way to provide therapy at a distance. The family and therapist see and hear each other in real-time using videoconference. Objective: This pilot project evaluated the same cognitive-behavioural therapy treatment for childhood depression in two different settings — face-to-face (F2F) or over interactive televideo (ITV). Participants: Twenty-eight children with depression and their caregivers completed an eight-session, empirically supported CBT course for parent and child. Results: All parent and child CBT skills were implemented successfully over telemedicine. An 82% remission from de...
Connectionless port scan detection on the backbone

Considerable research has been done on detecting and blocking portscan activities that are typically conducted by infected hosts to discover other vulnerable hosts. However, the focus has been on enterprise gateway-level intrusion detection systems where the traffic volume is low and network configuration information is readily available. This paper investigates the effectiveness of existing portscan detection algorithms in the context of a large transit backbone network and proposes a new algorithm that meets the demands of aggregated high speed backbone traffic. Specifically, we evaluate two existing approaches - the portscan detection algorithm in SNORT, and a modified version of the TRW algorithm that is a part of the intrusion detection tool BRO. We then propose a new approach, TAPS, which uses sequential hypothesis testing to detect hosts that exhibit abnormal access patterns in terms of destination hosts and destination ports. We perform a comparative analysis of these three approaches using real backbone packet traces, and find that TAPS exhibits the best performance in terms of catching the maximum number of true scanners and yielding the least number of false positives. We have a working implementation of TAPS on our monitoring platform. Further implementation optimizations using bloom filters are identified and discussed.
Incorporating Variable Source Area Hydrology into a Spatially Distributed Direct Runoff Model1

Buchanan, Brian, Zachary M. Easton, Rebecca Schneider, and M. Todd Walter, 2011. Incorporating Variable Source Area Hydrology Into a Spatially Distributed Direct Runoff Model. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(1): 43-60. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00594.x Abstract: Few hydrologic models simulate both variable source area (VSA) hydrology, and runoff-routing at high enough spatial resolutions to capture fine-scale hydrologic pathways connecting VSA to the stream network. This paper describes a geographic information system-based operational model that simulates the spatio-temporal dynamics of VSA runoff generation and distributed runoff-routing, including through complex artificial drainage networks. The model combines the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s Curve Number (CN) equation for estimating storm runoff with the topographic index concept for predicting the locations of VSA and a runoff-routing algorithm into a new spatially distributed direct hydrograph (SDDH) model (SDDH-VSA). Using a small agricultural watershed in central New York, SDDH-VSA results were compared to those from a SDDH model using the traditional land use assumptions for the CN (SDDH-CN). The SDDH-VSA model generally agreed better with observed discharge than the SDDH-CN model (average, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.69 vs. 0.58, respectively) and resulted in more realistic spatial patterns of runoff-generating areas. The SDDH approach did not correctly capture the timing of runoff from small storms in dry periods. Despite this type of limitation, SDDH-VSA extends the applicability of the SDDH technique to VSA conditions, providing a basis for new tools to help identify critical management areas and assess water quality risks due to landscape alterations.
An examination of co-movements of India's stock and government bond markets

We examine the dynamics of India's stock and government bond markets, and their interrelationships with stock markets of the U.S., U.K., Japan, China, and Emerging Equity Markets using multivariate cointegration tests. We find that India's stock and bond markets share two cointegrating vectors with the five foreign equity markets, suggesting full integration is far from complete. Further, India's stock and bond markets share one cointegrating vector, indicating the two markets are tied together by one long-run cointegrating relationship. We estimate dynamic conditional correlations between India's stock and bond returns, and find that unconditional and constant conditional correlations understate dynamic conditional correlations, implying greater ex-ante diversification benefits from combining India's stocks and bonds in one portfolio. We are able to explain a good portion of the variability in estimated dynamic conditional correlations using many of the conditioning variables used to explain temporal variations of India's expected stock and bond returns.
A Comparison of the Firing Properties of Putative Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons From CA1 and the Entorhinal Cortex

The superficial layers of the entorhinal cortex (EC) provide the majority of the neocortical input to the hippocampus, and the deep layers of the EC receive the majority of neocortically bound hippocampal outputs. To characterize information transmission through the hippocampal and EC circuitry, we recorded simultaneously from neurons in the superficial EC, the CA1 region of hippocampus, and the deep EC while rodents ran for food reward in two environments. Spike waveform analysis allowed us to classify units as fast-spiking (FS) putative inhibitory cells or putative excitatory (PE) cells. PE and FS units' firing were often strongly correlated at short time scales, suggesting the presence a monosynaptic connection from the PE to FS units. EC PE units, unlike those found in CA1, showed little or no tendency to fire in bursts. We also found that the firing of FS and PE units from all regions was modulated by the approximately 8 Hz theta rhythm, although the firing of deep EC FS units tended to be less strongly modulated than that of the other types of units. When we examined the spatial specificity of FS units, we determined that FS units in all three regions showed low specificity. At the same time, retrospective coding, in which firing rates were related to past position, was present in FS units from all three regions and deep EC FS units often fired in a "path equivalent" manner in that they were active in physically different, but behaviorally related positions both within and across environments. Our results suggest that while the firing of FS units from CA1 and the EC show similarly low levels of position specificity, FS units from each region differ from one another in that they mirrored the associated PE units in terms of their tendency to show more complex positional firing properties like retrospective coding and path equivalence.
Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis: High-Throughput DNA Sequencing and Polymorphism Analysis

Microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (µCAE) circuitry has been developed and optimized allowing high-throughput DNA sequencing and polymorphism analysis in a compact, circular, wafer-scale device. The 96-lane processor, which incorporates hyper-turns and fluidically balanced injectors, produces ∼41,000 bases of M13 extension products to an accuracy >99% (phred 20) in only 24 minutes. Polymorphism ratio sequencing (PRS) with the same device enables rapid scanning of the entire human mitochondrial genome in a single run.
A Study of Three Mexican American Children Labeled Language-Disordered

Abstract Three Mexican American children who were labeled language disordered were observed for four months in their communicative interaction as it existed within the home, neighborhood, and school environments. The purpose of the study was: (1) to examine and describe the communicative competence of the three children who had been labeled as language-disordered; and (2) compare the perceptions of clinicians with those of parents and the children’s observed communicative competencies in naturalistic settings. The results indicated that linguistic, discourse, and social competencies differed for two children who were not seen by the parents as language-disordered and the one child who was believed by the parents to be language- disordered. The conclusion of the study suggested that two of the three children studied were not language-disordered but had limited exposure to the English language. The third child was language-disordered.
The Dentition of the Mink (Mustela Vison)

Sixty-five specimens of mink (Mustela vison), ranging in age from fetuses to adults, were examined and the morphologic features of the dentition were described. The dental formula for the deciduous teeth is: DI, 3/3; DC, 1/1; DP, 3/3 = 28. Deciduous teeth erupt between the 16th and 49th day after birth. The range in eruption of the permanent teeth is from 44 to 71 days. Calcification of the permanent teeth commences at about the time of birth and all the permanent teeth show evidence of calcification by 30 days post-partum. The paracone is the first maxillary cusp to form and the protoconid is the first to develop in the mandible. Sixteen known-age (from 28 days to 51/2 years) mink skulls were examined and used in describing the deciduous and permanent dentition. The time and sequence of eruption of the deciduous and permanent teeth was determined by daily examination of 29 live mink kits. These animals were observed from birth until all the permanent teeth had erupted. The teeth were considered to be erupted when the tip of the crown had pierced the gingiva. To ascertain the order of cusp formation and calcification of the permanent teeth, 20 mink (ranging from 43 days gestation to 3 months of age) were collected from commercial mink ranches. After preserving the specimens in 10% formalin, the teeth and tooth buds were dissected from the jaws, stained in alizarin red-S, and cleared in 2% potassium hydroxide. The nomenclature of the Trituberculate Theory (Osborn, 1907) was followed through- out the investigation.
A Current Injection Method to Restrain Transformer DC Bias

Current injection method for transformers' DC bias under HVDC transmission ground return mode is presented.A DC network model of a power grid is set up to analyze the mechanism behind the proposed method.By comparison between simulation and measurement,validity of the method is checked and the impact of soil resistivity and compensation distance on compensation degree is analyzed.Simulation and application of the method in Yihe Substation shows that: the method actually functions as potential difference compensation to the bus of substation;higher soil resistivity demands longer compensation distance and higher injection current,but it leads to lower compensation degree and the compensation degree usually bellows 0.6.At the end,the example of Luodong Substation is listed to verify that current injection method is not applicable to substations under complex operation mode,then another solution is brought up.
Studies on the Mechanismof Sociology in Technology Communication

Applying the theory of modern sociology,the paper has discussed the sociological mechanism of the technology communication from the aspects of social structure,social mobility and social change.The author holds that the course of the technology communication in social systems is from the levels of action subsystems to the levels of institution subsystems,then to the levels of norm subsystems and to the levels of value subsystems;however,the course of technology communication control of society is on the contrary;moreover,the course of foreign technology communication is to all the levels of the social systems at the same time.Communication of foreign technology is regarded as the source of some social systems change.
Yttrium barium copper oxide as an infrared radiation sensing material

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the performance and physical characteristics of yttrium barium copper oxide (YBaCuO) as an infrared (IR) detector. YBaCuO is the most studied and the best characterized material among the CuO-based high-temperature superconductors (HTS). Superconductive YBaCuO detectors can be operated in a bolometric mode near Tc, which is the critical transition temperature between the superconductive and nonsuperconductive states, utilizing the resistive transition or well below Tc, which uses the voltage response associated with changing the kinetic inductance of the supercurrent. Semiconducting YBaCuO has demonstrated potential as an uncooled IR detector operating with zero-bias as a micropyroelectric detector and voltage or current biased as a microbolometer. The room-temperature fabrication of semiconducting YBaCuO thin films by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering is simple and compatible with CMOS substrates for the production of focal plan arrays. Compatibility is achieved with the use of micromachining techniques and a conventional polyimide sacrificial layer to produce thermal isolation structures. Superconducting YBaCuO is discussed in the chapter with prospects for applications in both quantum and thermal IR detection schemes. A brief review of the other commonly used nonsuperconducting IR detector materials is also included in the chapter.
On the intelligibility of experience

In what follows, I shall explore aspects of the relationship between language and intelligible experience.
Influence of the amyloid dye Congo red on curli, cellulose, and the extracellular matrix in E. coli during growth and matrix purification

Microbial biofilms are communities of cells characterized by a hallmark extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers functional attributes to the community, including enhanced cohesion, adherence to surfaces, and resistance to external stresses. Understanding the composition and properties of the biofilm ECM is crucial to understanding how it functions and protects cells. New methods to isolate and characterize ECM are emerging for different biofilm systems. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble ECM from the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols. UTI89 assembles amyloid-integrated biofilms when grown on YESCA nutrient agar. The ECM contains curli amyloid fibers and a modified form of cellulose. Biofilms formed by UTI89 and other E. coli and Salmonella strains are often grown in the presence of Congo red to visually emphasize wrinkled agar morphologies and to score the production of ECM. Congo red is a hallmark amyloid-binding dye and binds to curli, yet also binds to cellulose. We found that growth in Congo red enabled more facile extraction of the ECM from UTI89 biofilms and facilitates isolation of cellulose from the curli mutant, UTI89ΔcsgA. Yet, Congo red has no influence on the isolation of curli from curli-producing cells that do not produce cellulose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate can remove Congo red from curli, but not from cellulose. Thus, Congo red binds strongly to cellulose and possibly weakens cellulose interactions with the cell surface, enabling more complete removal of the ECM. The use of Congo red as an extracellular matrix purification aid may be applied broadly to other organisms that assemble extracellular amyloid or cellulosic materials. Graphical abstract Solid-state NMR was used to quantitatively track the isolation of the insoluble amyloid-associated ECM from uropathogenic E. coli and understand the role of Congo red in purification protocols.
China Circulating in Early Modern German Print Media

This paper argues broadly that China was an important concern at early modern German courts because East Asia constituted a region into which German electors hoped to expand their own political power. Their ventures were only sometimes successful, leading thus to a cycle of political engagement with and detachment from East Asia. Within the publishing world, information about China was constrained by the limited access Europeans had to the Middle Kingdom. Even though Jesuit missionaries provided the most scholarly accounts of the Chinese elite, their reports and translations did not satisfy the growing demand for writing about China; thus early modern publishers repeated many of the same narratives and descriptions of China in ever-new reformulations of familiar texts. This article examines the on-again, off-again media cycle of early modern representations of China. (DP)
Quadriceps Function and Hamstrings Co-Activation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Context: Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have quadriceps dysfunction that contributes to physical disability and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis. Quadriceps function in the ACLR limb is commonly evaluated relative to the contralateral uninjured limb. Bilateral quadriceps dysfunction is common in individuals with ACLR, potentially biasing these evaluations. Objective: To compare quadriceps function between individuals with ACLR and uninjured control participants. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty individuals with unilateral ACLR (age = 21.1 ± 1.7 years, mass = 68.3 ± 14.9 kg, time since ACLR = 50.7 ± 21.3 months; females = 14; Tegner Score = 7.1 ± 0.3; 16 patellar tendon autografts, 3 hamstrings autografts, 1 allograft) matched to 20 control participants (age = 21.2 ± 1.2 years, mass = 67.9 ± 11.3 kg; females = 14; Tegner Score = 7.1 ± 0.4) on age, sex, body mass index, and Tegner Activity Scale. Main...
Induction of proteotoxic stress by the mycotoxin patulin

Patulin is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by a number of molds and may contaminate a wide variety of food products. In practice, patulin's main societal relevance concerns apple juice and its products. Multiple advisory bodies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization, recommend that producers monitor and limit patulin levels in apple juice products. The mechanism of patulin toxicity remains largely unknown. Here we show that patulin induces proteotoxic stress in the yeast S. cerevisiae. The transcription factor Rpn4 controls the abundance of the proteasome, the complex multisubunit protease that destroys proteins, including misfolded proteins. Rpn4 protein is strongly induced by patulin, and Rpn4 levels normalize over time, consistent with homeostatic regulation. A rpn4Δ mutant is highly sensitive to patulin, confirming the physiologic relevance of this response. Rpn4 is known to be regulated both transcriptionally and post-translationally. Patulin induces both pathways of regulation, but the post-transcriptional pathway predominates in controlling Rpn4 protein levels. These results indicate that proteotoxicity represents a major aspect of patulin toxicity. They not only have implications for patulin detoxification but in addition suggest the possibility of some potentially useful patulin applications.
Re-Examination of the Cable Capacitance in the Key Distribution System Using Resistors and Noise Sources

The effect of cable capacitance in the classical key distribution system based on resistors and band-limited noise sources is re-examined. Both the lumped element analysis and the transmission line analysis are performed. As long as the cable capacitance and inductance are fully taken into account, the lumped element analysis and the transmission line analysis generate identical results. When the cable is bootstrapped with a driven shield, the capacitance can be neglected, but the transit time should not be overlooked.
Mediating Mortality: Transtemporal Illness Blogs and Digital Care Work

This chapter explores the work of caring for digital legacies. It relies on interviews conducted with people who are maintaining digital remains, as well as on textual analyses of dead individuals’ preserved illness blogs. For surviving loved ones, digital remains are complex kinds of inheritances. On the one hand, they facilitate continued relationships with the dead. On the other hand, their affective value is also complicated by the emotional and monetary burdens of caring for digital remains. I explicitly connect this ambivalence to feminist literatures surrounding care of the self and obligations to others, thus tying digital practices to physical care work. I argue that digital remains are similar to non-digital heirlooms, referring to anthropological theories about ambivalence in inheritance.
Customizing database visualizations for many majors: conference tutorial

The objective of the "Databases for Many Majors" project is to introduce fundamental database concepts to diverse majors, as part of enhancing data fluency of all students. Three animations have been developed to cover: an introduction to relational databases and how they differ from spreadsheets (IntroDB), how to query a relational database (QueryDB), and how to design a database (DesignDB). The animations use a dynamic presentation to introduce topics for visual learners. Each visualization also includes a formative self-assessment, called a checkpoint, to enhance the learning experience for the student. A novel aspect of these visualizations is the capability to customize the example database and accompanying textual explanations. The goal of the customizations is to allow educators in various fields to integrate these fundamental database concepts in the context of their discipline-specific course. The customization process is integrated within each animation so that the customizer can see the personalized animation as it develops. This tutorial will demonstrate the customization process, including a preview of the newly developed customization tool (CreateDB) to aid the domain experts in designing the data for the animations. There are several customizations of the IntroDB, QueryDB, and DesignDB animations already available at the project Web site (http://databasesmanymajors.faculty.asu.edu/) including Astronomy, Computational Molecular Biology, Environmental Science/Ecology, Forensics, Geographic Information Systems, and Statistics.
Effects of a Training Package to Increase Teachers’ Fidelity of Naturalistic Instructional Procedures in Inclusive Preschool Classrooms

Teachers in inclusive preschool classrooms are required to provide supports and instruction to children with and without developmental delays. In addition, teachers are required to use research and...
Virtual Cellular ISPs

Achieving reliable cellular connectivity in rural areas is a challenge for several reasons: lack of economic incentives for telecom providers; high deployment and maintenance costs; low purchasing power; poor and unreliable power infrastructures; poor backhaul support; and lack of ground expertise. This paper proposes the design, implementation and deployment of the Virtual Cellular ISPs (VC-ISP), a ground-up cellular network architecture that enables third-party vendors to offer cellular coverage and mobile services to rural areas in an extensible manner. Unlike conventional monolithic cellular network architecture, the VC-ISP model enables a distributed (and potentially disjointed) collection of open, programmable cellular base stations to communicate using a novel intermittency-aware naming and addressing mechanism. This system enables VC-ISPs to provide reliable service with graceful recovery from failures under harsh network conditions. VC-ISP offers support for deploying local applications. Here, we demonstrate the technical viability of the VC-ISP model using a real-world 3-node VC-ISP deployment, including installation of a solar-powered cell tower in rural Ghana and additional emulation experiments in controlled environments.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Youth

This chapter discusses the relationship between past and present views of youth as political agents and dangers and how policy entrepreneurs, humanitarians, educators, and novelists have been influential in these discussions from the Victorian era up to and including the late War on Terror. Recognizing the power relations between the discusser and the discussed is an important reflexive framing for any academic analysis of young people. But further, the discursive construction of youth is tied up with the identity of states and with the maintenance of an unequal international system. The idea of instruction is central to the discourse of ‘liberal peacebuilding’ as an imperialist project (a discourse within which the child and youth are important figures).
The design, development, and implementation of student-facing learning analytics dashboards

We have designed, developed, and implemented a student-facing learning analytics dashboard in order to support students as they learn in online environments. There are two separate dashboards in our system: a content recommender dashboard and a skills recommender dashboard. The content recommender helps students identify gaps in their content knowledge; the skills recommender helps students improve their metacognitive strategies. We discuss the technical requirements needed to develop a real-time student dashboard as well as report our inquiry into the functionality students want in a dashboard. The dashboards were evaluated with focus groups and a perceptions survey. Students were positive in their perceptions of the dashboards and 79% of the students that used the dashboards found them user-friendly, engaging, useful, and informative. One challenge encountered was low student use of the dashboard. Only 25% of students used the dashboard multiple times, despite favorable student perceptions of the dashboard. Additional research should examine how to motivate and support students to engage with dashboard feedback in online environments.
Boreas AFM-06 Mean Wind Profile Data

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Airborne Fluxes and Meteorology (AFM)-6 team from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Environment Technology Laboratory (NOAA/ETL) operated a 915-MHz wind/Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) profiler system in the Southern Study Area (SSA) near the Old Jack Pine (OJP) tower from 21 May 1994 to 20 Sep 1994. The data set provides wind profiles at 38 heights, containing the variables of wind speed; wind direction; and the u-, v-, and w-components of the total wind. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files. The mean wind profile data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884).
Information-oriented trustworthiness evaluation in vehicular ad-hoc networks

In Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), applications are typically realized by forwarding and exchanging messages among vehicles. The integrity and trustworthiness of messages directly impacts the quality of the applications. Though there have been extensive works on authentication protocols in VANETs, authentication can only certify message origin but cannot guarantee that the identity holders will send truthful and accurate messages. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel trust model to directly evaluate the trustworthiness of the content of a message received from other vehicles. The model is built based on various factors such as content similarity, content conflict and route similarity. Trustworthiness of message content will be evaluated at the individual vehicle level and will not introduce any additional architectural assumptions. We have conducted extensive experiments and the results indicate both efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The Influence of External Forces on the Quality Assurance Process

In the past, mental health professionals have claimed total ownership of quality assurance and have asked only whether treatment met the usual standards of care. They have resisted intrusions by government regulatory agencies, third-party payers, the courts, and even professional and hospital associations. Professionals have perceived cost containment, safety, accessibility of services, patient satisfaction, and efficacy as irrelevant. Examination of these external elements of quality assurance has, at best, been deemed a necessary evil—more evil than necessary. In more recent years, these external forces have assumed preeminence because of the escalation of costs, consumer advocacy, civil rights litigation, proactive peer review by professional associations, and the acceptance of quality assurance standards set by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH). In this chapter, the dynamics, impact, and significance of these external forces are examined and discussed.
Plankton – Motor der Evolution

Nach der Permkatastrophe vor 250 Millionen Jahren explodierte die Vielfalt der Meerestiere plotzlich. Ein wichtiger Grund: ein Entwicklungsschub des Phytoplanktons.
A Real-Time Smartphone App for Unsupervised Noise Classification in Realistic Audio Environments

This paper presents a real-time unsupervised noise classifier smartphone app which is designed to operate in realistic audio environments. This app addresses the two limitations of a previously developed smartphone app for unsupervised noise classification. A voice activity detection is added to separate the presence of speech frames from noise frames and thus to lower misclassifications when operating in realistic audio environments. In addition, buffers are added to allow a stable operation of the noise classifier in the field. The unsupervised noise classification is achieved by fusing the decisions of two adaptive resonance theory unsupervised classifiers running in parallel. One classifier operates on subband features and the other operates on mel-frequency spectral coefficients. The results of field testing indicate the effectiveness of this unsupervised noise classifier app when used in realistic audio environments.
The essential skill of ECG interpretation: How do we define and improve competency?

It is hard to imagine something more central to the practice of medicine than the performance and interpretation of the ECG. This simple, non-invasive, and ubiquitous test is essential for the diagnosis of a wide range of medical conditions, across a broad range of medical settings—the emergency room, primary care office, intensive care unit and beyond. For nearly 100 years, this test has held up as a fundamental pillar of medical practice. Unfortunately, proficiency in ECG interpretation is not a universal skill, and the barriers in achieving ECG fluency are rooted at multiple levels of medical curricula. To aid in solving the problem of declining ECG competency, clearly defined skill competencies for all healthcare professionals are needed. Once competency expectations are set, centralised educational resources may be used to achieve these benchmarks. The medical education community has been the driver to spearhead such societal initiatives and will need to be integral in the rejuvenation of proper ECG interpretation. In this context, medical educators ought to inspire the next generation as well as current providers to revisit and reinvigorate the complexities and beauty of ECG interpretation. The ECG is one of the most powerful diagnostic tools in modern medicine. As a graphical display of the heart’s electrical activity, the ECG communicates unique and vital information regarding the electrophysiological properties, anatomical structure, myocardial tissue characteristics, haemodynamic condition, and enveloping metabolic milieu of a patient’s beating heart. The ECG is one of the most used diagnostic tests, with an estimated 300 million ECGs performed annually in the USA alone. More recently, the application of artificial intelligence to the ECG has unlocked new promising functions, such as predicting a patient’s chronological age and sex,1 likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation,2 and underlying cardiac function.3 With new smartphone-based electrodes and the potential to serve …
Snap! v5, Our Biggest, Feature-filled Release Ever!

In early June, we released Snap! version 5, with more new features than in any previous release. We now have a community website where users can share and publish projects so others can find and remix them, and where they can ask questions and discuss the beauty and joy of computing. We can now embed Snap! projects in other web pages. We've also enhanced the programming language, making it easier to discover and to use powerful blocks for analyzing data and transforming media. Did you know you can now use the video motion from the camera as an input device? How about painting by whistling? There's nothing that beats a live demonstration of all these wonderful features, and we have two veteran power users to take it through its paces.
Lazos Hispanos: Promising Strategies and Lessons Learned in the Development of a Multisystem, Community-Based Promotoras Program.

U.S. Latinos face multiple inter-related barriers to access health and social services. Researchers and practitioners have called upon community-based participatory research (CBPR) to address such challenges and health disparities, with the community health worker—or promotoras—model evidencing positive outcomes. What is less clear, however, are the promising strategies to support the development of a multisystem, community-based promotoras program. In response, the current study applied a CBPR conceptual model as an organizing framework to develop a promotora program. Lazos Hispanos (Hispanic Links) was developed to enhance the health and well-being of Latinx residing in low-income communities in the Southeastern United States. This study highlights 16 lessons learned, anchored in the first two dimensions of the CBPR conceptual model: community context and partnership development. First, the community assessment and activities leading to Lazos Hispanos took nearly 2 years but were crucial to develop a strong basis for the program. Second, the development of a multicultural and interdisciplinary research team enriched every aspect of the program and enhanced culturally responsive community engagement. Selection, training, and ongoing support of the promotoras were fundamental to program success. Particularly important were the following: receiving mentorship from a successful promotora organization; delineating mutually agreed upon roles and responsibilities; following national training standards for community health workers; and, holding monthly meetings for training, support, and data collection. The engagement of community service providers as partners was facilitated by building upon existing community relationships, signing a memorandum of understanding that specified roles and responsibilities, conducting tours of provider facilities with the promotoras, and keeping providers abreast of the program via bi-annual community gatherings. The development process showed fidelity to the conceptual model. Lazos Hispanos has proven an asset to participants, the promotoras, and service providers as the program continues to develop a community-based, health supportive infrastructure.
Abstract WP139: Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Derived Exosomes Confers Acute Neuroprotection After Neonatal Stroke

Background: Brain injury caused by stroke is a surprisingly common occurrence in neonates and is associated with significant long-term disabilities. We and others have shown delayed mesenchymal ste...
The NCAA's Agent Certification Program: A Critical and Legal Analysis

On August 8, 2018, the National Collegiate Athletic Association revised its rules to allow men’s college basketball players, for the first time, to retain agents for representation in the National Basketball Association draft. However, according to the NCAA’s new rules, a men’s college basketball player could only select an agent who first received NCAA approval subject to the association’s new agent certification program, which became operational in August 2019. The NCAA based its new agent certification program on the recommendations of an April 2018 report issued by the NCAA Commission on College Basketball, which concluded that “some” men’s basketball players “needed earlier professional advice to determine whether it is in their best interests to declare for the league draft.” This article introduces the NCAA’s new agent certification program, while providing a critical analysis of its policies and procedures. It explains why the NCAA lacks the legal authority to regulate and certify men's basketball player agents under its new agent certification program and why the program likely constitutes an illegal group boycott that violates federal antitrust law, specifically § 1 of the Sherman Act.
Angular Momentum Transport by Acoustic Modes Generated in the Boundary Layer. II. Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations

We perform global unstratified three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of an astrophysical boundary layer (BL)-an interface region between an accretion disk and a weakly magnetized accreting object such as a white dwarf-with the goal of understanding the effects of magnetic field on the BL. We use cylindrical coordinates with an isothermal equation of state and investigate a number of initial field geometries including toroidal, vertical, and vertical with zero net flux. Our initial setup consists of a Keplerian disk attached to a non-rotating star. In a previous work, we found that in hydrodynamical simulations, sound waves excited by shear in the BL were able to efficiently transport angular momentum and drive mass accretion onto the star. Here we confirm that in MHD simulations, waves serve as an efficient means of angular momentum transport in the vicinity of the BL, despite the magnetorotational instability (MRI) operating in the disk. In particular, the angular momentum current due to waves is at times larger than the angular momentum current due to MRI. Our results suggest that angular momentum transport in the BL and its vicinity is a global phenomenon occurring through dissipation of waves and shocks. This point of view is quite different from themore » standard picture of transport by a local anomalous turbulent viscosity. In addition to angular momentum transport, we also study magnetic field amplification within the BL. We find that the field is indeed amplified in the BL, but only by a factor of a few, and remains subthermal.« less
Correctional officer and inmate perceptions of the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA): A thematic analysis

The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) was created to address sexual violence occurring in corrections. To date, there has been a dearth of PREA studies that include the perceptions of correctional...
The Many Lives of a Peacekeeping Mission: The UN Operation in Côte D’Ivoire

The UN Operation in Cote d’Ivoire (UNOCI) completed its mandate on June 30, 2017, after more than thirteen years. One year later, the secretary-general is set to release his “comprehensive study of the role of UNOCI in the settlement of the situation” in the country. This presents an opportunity to examine the many stages or “lives” of a peacekeeping operation, something often overlooked. This report aims not only to contribute to this learning process but also to go beyond the scope of the secretary-general’s study to examine the trajectory of UNOCI over the years. It provides a historical account of the various phases of the Ivorian crisis and examines how UNOCI evolved and adapted to the circumstances and how the Security Council dealt with the Ivorian dossier. Based on this assessment, the report draws lessons from UNOCI for other peacekeeping missions. These include the challenges missions face when the consent of the host state is fragile, a permanent member of the Security Council is heavily involved, they have a mandate to certify elections, they take a robust approach to a crisis, they undertake both disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration and security sector reform processes, and the UN applies sanctions or arms embargoes.
Does the Individual Mandate Coerce

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes an individual mandate that penalizes individuals who do not purchase health insurance. Critics of the individual mandate, including a majority of justices on the Supreme Court, contend that Congress cannot use its Commerce Clause power to coerce individuals to buy a product. Supporters concede that the mandate coerces but argue that it is otherwise permissible under the Commerce Clause. This article questions whether the individual mandate coerces. It uses a simple economic model to show that, under certain conditions, the individual mandate induces insurers to sell health insurance at a price each individual would voluntarily pay. Accordingly, the article concludes that the premise underlying the debate over the constitutionality of the individual mandate under the Commerce Clause should not be taken for granted.
Acute intrathecal BDNF enhances functional recovery after cervical spinal cord injury in rats.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in promoting neuroplasticity following unilateral C2 spinal hemisection (C2SH). BDNF was administered intrathecally in rats displayi...
Acquaintance, knowledge, and value

Taking perceptual experience to consist in a relation of acquaintance with the sensible qualities, I argue that the state of being acquainted with a sensible quality is intrinsically a form of knowledge, and not merely a means to more familiar kinds of knowledge, such as propositional or dispositional knowledge. We should accept the epistemic claim for its explanatory power and theoretical usefulness. That acquaintance is knowledge best explains the intuitive epistemic appeal of ‘Edenic’ counterfactuals involving unmediated perceptual contact with reality (cf. Chalmers, in: Gendler, Hawthorne (eds) Perceptual experience, Oxford University Press, 2006). It explains the elusiveness of knowledge gained through new acquaintances. It coheres with the knowledge-like functional role of acquaintance in the special context of evaluative beliefs and evaluative reasoning, where the objects of acquaintance serve as evidence and inferential basis. And, finally, taking acquaintance to be knowledge is theoretically fruitful: it helps vindicate claims about the relationship between knowledge and concern for others we already find intuitive or outright accept. After developing a novel case for the epistemic claim, I respond to two familiar objections against it: namely, (1) that there are no pre-propositional, pre-conceptual cases of perceptual experience that remain epistemically relevant (Sellars in Empiricism and the philosophy of mind, Routledge, 1968, McDowell, in: Lindgard (ed) John McDowell: Experience, norm, and nature, Blackwell, 2008); and (2) that the category of knowledge appears gerrymandered once we add ‘object’ knowledge to the epistemological mix (Farkas, in: Knowles, Raleigh (eds), Acquaintance: new essays, Oxford University Press, 2019).
Reply to Fišer et al.: Myeloid reprogramming of Ph+ B-ALL: A potential therapeutic strategy.

In their Letter, Fiser et al. (1) comment on our recent finding that primary human Ph+ B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) blasts can be reprogrammed into nonleukemic macrophages. As with any research finding, caution should be exercised when considering the therapeutic implications. However, we feel we have provided adequate data to support our conclusions and the concept that macrophage reprogramming may represent a potential therapeutic strategy (2).
An information theory-based approach to assessing the sustainability and stability of an island system

It is well documented that a sustainable system is based on environmental stewardship, economic viability, and social equity. What is often overlooked is the need for continuity such that desirable system behavior is maintained with mechanisms in place that facilitate the ability of core system functions to endure or adapt (in the face of perturbations), and ensure that future generations are able to meet their needs. Assessing regional systems poses unique challenges in that they are interlinked with larger- and smaller-scale dynamics that may dramatically affect trends in key system variables. From 1970–2009, Puerto Rico experienced a 140% increase in urban population which may have amplified impacts related to resource demands, waste production, and natural habitats. Because such changes can have strong implications for sustainability, the dynamics of Puerto Rico provide a great opportunity to explore methods for assessing the sustainability of a complex geographic region. In this work, we employ Fishe...
High-resolution 2D and 3D cryo-TEM reveals structural adaptations of two stalk-forming bacteria to an Fe-oxidizing lifestyle

Summary Aerobic neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) thrive where oxic and iron-rich anoxic waters meet. Here, iron microbial mats are commonly developed by stalk-forming Fe-oxidizers adapted to these iron-rich gradient environments, somehow avoiding iron encrustation. Few details are known about FeOB physiology; thus, the bases of these adaptations, notably the mechanisms of interactions with iron, are poorly understood. We examined two stalked FeOB: the marine Zetaproteobacterium Mariprofundus fer- rooxydans and a terrestrial Betaproteobacterium Gallionella-like organism. We used cryo-transmission electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography to provide unprecedented ultrastructural data on intact cell-mineral systems. Both FeOB localize iron mineral formation at stalk extrusion sites, while avoiding surface and periplasmic mineralization. The M. ferrooxydans cell surface is densely covered in fibrils while the terrestrial FeOB surface is smooth, suggesting a difference in surface chemistry. Only the terrestrial FeOB exhibited a putative chemotaxis apparatus, which may be due to differences in chemo- taxis mechanisms. Both FeOB have a single flagel- lum, which alone is insufficient to account for cell motion during iron oxidation, suggesting that stalk extrusion is a mechanism for motility. Our results delineate the physical framework of iron transforma- tions and characterize possible structural adapta- tions to the iron-oxidizing lifestyle. This study shows ultrastructural similarities and differences between two distinct FeOB, setting the stage for further (e.g. genomic) comparisons that will help us understand functional differences and evolutionary history.
A new algorithm for wiring layouts

In this paper we present a new algorithm for wiring layouts in the square grid. This algorithm provides a rather intuitive proof that the number of layers required to wire a given layout W is at most four, and it constructs a two-layer wiring if and only if W requires two layers. The algorithm runs in O(N) time, where N is the number of grid points occupied by the layout. The technique used here can be extended in order to construct wirings of layouts in the tri-hexagonal grid that use at most five layers.