cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gastric acid response to massive doses of insulin: I. Prolonged observations on one individual.

Summary 1.Observations of the level of gastric acidity after large and varying doses of insulin are presented as they were obtained in a single individual during a course of insulin shock treatment. Large variations were noted in acid values from day to day under apparently identical conditions. 2.No clear relationship was found between the acid response and the level of hypoglycemia, the dose of insulin or the degree of clinical insulin shock. 3.Neither massive doses of insulin nor profound hypoglycemia inhibited the parietal cell response. 4.No exhaustion of the parietal cells was noted after this prolonged stimulation.
Weight Loss and Physical Activity in Obese Older Adults: Impact on Skeletal Muscle and Bone

The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to be a major public health concern worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality. Concerns about obesity and overweight among older adults have been far more controversial. The association of overweight and obesity with increased disease burden persists in older adults, and overweight and obesity are also strongly associated with the development of physical disability in this population. However, the efficacy for treatment of obesity in older adults remains an open debate. For obese older adults, who may require weight loss to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome, weight loss may not be recommended as the associated loss of bone and muscle could leave these individuals at higher risk for frailty and fracture. Thus, optimal strategies for reducing fat mass while preserving bone and muscle mass need to be further evaluated. This chapter will first review the usual age-related changes in skeletal muscle and bone mass with advancing age, the controversy surrounding intentional weight loss in older adults, and discuss the role of diet and physical activity interventions for the successful loss of body fat with specific reference to their effects on bone and skeletal muscle.
Toward the development of a remote sensing and field data framework to aid management decisions in the state of Qatar coastal environment

The benthic habitat of the Qatari nearshore marine environment plays a significant ecological role and environmental service. Areas of coral help provide protection and sustenance for a vast array of fish species and marine invertebrates, and represent a significant proportion of biodiversity in the region. Seagrass meadows which are prominent in northern Qatari waters are important to charismatic species such as the Hawksbill turtle and dugongs. Stands of macroalgae and even areas of coral rubble provide additional habitat for many marine species. These features, particularly the coral structures, also provide shoreline protection from high energy wave events and storm surges. As such, improving our understanding of these habitats as well as the need to protect and conserve the nearshore Qatari environment is a focus area for local researchers and regulatory authorities. Traditionally, the nearshore marine environment has been studied through intensive field measurement and monitoring. While valuable for...
Abstract A1-08: Comparative genomics study of FOXA/ER dual regulation in breast cancer and liver cancer

Estrogen, the female dominant hormone, has been found to play critical roles in cancers for over 100 years. In 1896, estrogen was found to promote the tumor growth of breast cancer; and in 1937, estrogen was found to prevent the tumor growth of liver cancer. After the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was identified in 1958, ERα-mediated estrogen signaling was found to promote or prevent the growth of breast cancer cells or liver cancer cells, respectively. Recent studies showed that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in promoting the growth of breast cancer cells was dependent of forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1). Our recent study showed that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in preventing the growth of liver cancer cells also depended on FOXA factors (FOXA1 and FOXA2). Thus, FOXA-dependent ERα-mediated estrogen signaling plays opposite roles in the growth of breast cancer and liver cancer cells. Here, we applied genomic approaches to identify 184 FOXA/ER dual target genes that showed opposite expression in response to estrogen-mediated stimulation or suppression of cell growth in breast or liver cancer cells. Gene ontology analysis showed that the majority of these FOXA/ER dual target genes were involved in the processes of cell proliferation and growth, cell death, tissue development, and cancer. Manipulations of the expression of these target genes were able to reverse the growth of breast and liver cancer cells. Thus, these 184 FOXA/ER dual target genes provide us a novel set of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for both breast cancer and liver cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Zhaoyu Li. Comparative genomics study of FOXA/ER dual regulation in breast cancer and liver cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-08.
Studies on copper metabolism. III. The metabolism of iron in copper deficient swine.

Studies are described which deal with the metabolism of irons in swine made anemic by feeding a milk diet low in copper. Evidence is presented that in such animals there is (1) impaired ability to absorb irons from the gastro-instestinal tract; (2) incomplete mobilizations of irons from the tissues; and (3) inability to utilize parenterally administered irons for hemoglobin synsthesis evens when it is presented to the bone marrow in normal quantities.
Retinitis pigmentosa associated with progressive hemifacial atrophy (parry-romberg syndrome).

PURPOSE The Parry-Romberg syndrome, or progressive hemifacial atrophy, is a slowly progressive marked facial deformity because of atrophy of subcutaneous fat and skin, cartilage, and bone wasting. Various ocular findings may be present in approximately 40% of cases of progressive hemifacial atrophy. We describe a novel case of a 42-year-old woman with progressive hemifacial atrophy and bilateral retinal dystrophy consistent with retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS Case report and literature review. RESULTS Clinical features, fundus photographs, visual fields, and electroretinographic findings are reported. CONCLUSION Progressive hemifacial atrophy can occur with retinitis pigmentosa.
Arsenic Speciation and Sorption in Natural Environments

Aqueous arsenic speciation, or the chemical forms in which arsenic exists in water, is a challenging, interesting, and complicated aspect of environmental arsenic geochemistry. Arsenic has the ability to form a wide range of chemical bonds with carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur, resulting in a large variety of compounds that exhibit a host of chemical and biochemical properties. Besides the intriguing chemical diversity, arsenic also has the rare capacity to capture our imaginations in a way that few elements can duplicate: it invokes images of foul play that range from sinister to comedic (e.g., “inheritance powder” and arsenic-spiked elderberry wine). However, the emergence of serious large-scale human health problems from chronic arsenic exposure in drinking water has placed a high priority on understanding environmental arsenic mobility, toxicity, and bioavailability, and chemical speciation is key to these important questions. Ultimately, the purpose of arsenic speciation research is to predict future occurrences, mitigate contamination, and provide successful management of water resources. Chemical speciation is fundamental to understanding mobility and toxicity. Speciation affects arsenic solubility and solid-phase associations, and thus the mobility, of arsenic in natural waters. It is also critical to designing treatment strategies, understanding human exposure routes, and even developing medical applications (e.g., as a treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia; Antman 2001). As single- and multi-celled organisms are exposed to various forms of arsenic, they often alter its speciation to either utilize the arsenic for energy or to mitigate the detrimental effects of intracellular arsenic (detoxification). Some organisms can accumulate arsenic in cell material, which can be a concern if it accumulates in a human food product such as rice or seafood, but could be a potential remediation solution in hyper-accumulating plants (Ma et al. 2001). It is important to quantify speciation in addition to total amount of arsenic because …
Differences in the Biomass of Ecological System of Wetlands in the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The eastern margin of the Qing-hai-Tibetan Plateau boasts plenty of wetlands,and also is the source area of major rivers in China. And therefore the changes of the wetlands in this region will largely influence the inland ecological environment. The study sites were selected in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and they were: Rouergai wetland,Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve wetland and Hongkou Nature Reserve wetland. Investigations were made on the aboveground biomass of wetland plant communities in the study sites and the results indicated that there was a significant correlation( p 0. 01) between the study sites; and the underground biomass in Ruoergai wetland had a significant correlation( p 0. 05) among other sites.The biomass at higher altitudes was larger than that at lower altitudes. There was a significant higher above-ground biomass( F = 9. 05,P 0. 01) in Ganhaizi wetland than that in Jiuzhaigou wetland,and their distance was close; while there was no significant correlation in underground biomass among three sites. In terms of carbon sequestration,the order was Ganhaizi Wetland Ruoergai Wetland JiuzhaigouWetland Hongkou wetland. The main factor impacting the biamass change should be the types of wetlands and then followed by human activities.
Dental sealants and flowable composite restorations and psychosocial, neuropsychological, and physical development in children.

Purpose Dental sealant materials may intraorally release their components, including bisphenol-A (BPA), but long-term health effects are uncertain. The New England Children's Amalgam Trial (NECAT) found that composite restorations were associated with psychosocial, but not neuropsychological or physical, outcomes. The previous analysis did not consider sealants and preventive resin restorations (PRRs), which were routinely placed. The purpose of this analysis was to examine sealant/PRR exposure in association with psychosocial and other health outcomes. Methods NECAT recruited 534 six- to 10-year-olds and provided dental care during a five-year follow-up. Annually, examiners conducted psychosocial and neuropsychological tests and measured body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage (BF%). Associations between surface years (SY) of sealants/PRRs and outcomes were tested using multivariable models. Results Cumulative exposure level to sealants and/or PRRs was not associated with psychosocial assessments (eg, total problems: Child Behavior Checklist, 10-SY β=-0.2 ± 0.3, P=.60) or neuropsychological tests (eg, full-scale IQ, 10-SY β=0.1 ± 0.2, P=.60). There were no associations for changes in BMI-for-age z-score (P=.40), BF% (girls 10-SY β=-0.2 ± 0.3; boys 10-SY β=-0.1 ± 0.3), or menarche (10-SY hazard ratio=0.91, 95% confidence interval=0.83-1.01, P=.08). Conclusions This study showed no associations between exposure level of dental sealants or PRRs and behavioral, neuropsychological, or physical development in children over 5-years.
Implicit loneliness, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms in breast cancer survivors

Among individuals coping with cancer, emotional approach coping—expressing and processing emotions following negative events—has been identified as a potentially adaptive form of emotion regulation. However, its mental health benefits may depend on social-cognitive factors and on how it is implemented. This study examined loneliness as a determinant of emotion regulation associations with depressive symptoms in women with breast cancer. Loneliness was examined as an implicit social-cognitive phenomenon (i.e., automatic views of oneself as lonely), and emotional expression and processing were examined as both explicit and implicit processes. Approximately 11 months after diagnosis, 390 women completed explicit measures of coping through cancer-related emotional expression and processing; an implicit measure of expression and processing (an essay-writing task submitted to linguistic analysis); and an implicit association test measuring loneliness. Depressive symptoms were assessed 3 months later. Regardless of implicit loneliness, self-reported emotional expression (but not emotional processing) predicted fewer depressive symptoms, whereas implicit expression of negative emotion during essay-writing predicted more symptoms. Only among women high in implicit loneliness, less positive emotional expression and more causal processing during the writing task predicted more depressive symptoms. Results suggest that explicit and implicit breast cancer-related emotion regulation have distinct relations with depressive symptoms, and implicit loneliness moderates effects of implicit emotional approach. Findings support implicit processes as influential mechanisms of emotion regulation and suggest targets for intervention among breast cancer survivors.
Preparation of microbial community cDNA for metatranscriptomic analysis in marine plankton.

Abstract High-throughput sequencing and analysis of microbial community cDNA (metatranscriptomics) are providing valuable insight into in situ microbial activity and metabolism in the oceans. A critical first step in metatranscriptomic studies is the preparation of high-quality cDNA. At the minimum, preparing cDNA for sequencing involves steps of biomass collection, RNA preservation, total RNA extraction, and cDNA synthesis. Each of these steps may present unique challenges for marine microbial samples, particularly for deep-sea samples whose transcriptional profiles may change between water collection and RNA preservation. Because bacterioplankton community RNA yields may be relatively low (
A dataset to evaluate underwater image restoration methods

Image restoration methods have been made to repair images that have some kind of degradation. Most of these methods are designed to deal with the degradation caused by the over-land effects. However, when the images was captured in underwater environments, there are different properties that can degrade the image in unusual ways. This work aims to evaluate how the popular image restoration methods behaves when applied in underwater images with the presence of turbidity in the water. For this, we propose a dataset where we are able to control the amount of image degradation due to underwater properties on a scenario with 3D objects that represents the seabed characteristics. After that, we evaluate the restoration of these methods and their behavior through the image degradation due to turbidity.
The Asian States in the World Power Process

After having achieved statehood the Asian states could intensify their participation in the world power process. In interactions with members of the world community the decision makers of these new states were constantly faced with conflicting interests and claims of those participants. It is rather obvious that for newly-established states the question of acquisition and allocation of resources has prime importance. In the brief period since independence one can, therefore, find various instances in which these states used all possible means of persuasion as well as coercion either to acquire or to retain resources. Indeed, it seems that the most important conflicting claims which they encountered were concerned with deprivations and threats of deprivations with respect to what they considered their legitimate resources. In order to thwart these deprivations, they naturally appealed to community prescriptions.1
Characterizing urban soils in New York City: profile properties and bacterial communities

The influence of human activities on the development and functioning of urban soils and their profile characteristics is still inadequately understood. Microbial communities can change due to anthropogenic disturbances and it is unclear how they exist along urban soil profiles. This study investigates the dynamic soil properties (DSPs) and the bacterial communities along the profiles of urban soils in New York City (NYC) with varying degree of human disturbances. Eleven pedons were investigated across NYC as well as one control soil in a nearby non-urban area. Six soils are formed in naturally deposited materials (ND) and five in human-altered and human-transported materials (HAHT). For each soil, the profile was described and each horizon was sampled to assess DSPs and the bacterial community composition and diversity. The development and the DSPs of NYC soils are influenced by the incorporation of HAHT materials and atmospheric deposits. The most abundant bacterial taxa observed in the NYC soils are also present in most natural and urban soils worldwide. The bacterial diversity was lower in some soils formed in ND materials, in which the contribution of low-abundance taxa was more restricted. Some differences in bacterial community composition separated the soils formed in ND materials and in dredged sediments from the soils formed in high artifact fill and serpentinite till. Changes in bacterial community composition between soil horizons were more noticeable in urban soils formed in ND materials than in those formed in HAHT materials which display less differentiated profiles and in the non-urban highly weathered soil. The bacterial diversity is not linked to the degree of disturbance of the urban soils but the variations in community composition between pedons and along soil profiles could be the result of changes in soil development and properties related to human activities and should be consistently characterized in urban soils.
Myelin Basic Protein Is Associated with White Matter Integrity in 4-Repeat Tauopathies (P5.178)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) myelin basic protein (MBP) is associated with neuroimaging evidence of white matter (WM) integrity in the 4-repeat tauopathies (4Rtau), including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). BACKGROUND: Genome wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the myelin oligodendrocyte basic protein (MOBP) gene as risk factors for PSP and CBD. Prior work also demonstrated that a risk allele in the MOBP gene is associated with reduced WM integrity and reduced survival in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, biochemical analysis of an associated myelin protein, MBP, in 4Rtau has not been evaluated. In this study, we evaluate whether CSF MBP is associated with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of WM integrity. DESIGN/METHODS: CSF MBP and DTI were obtained from 14 probable 4Rtau patients (8 clinically diagnosed PSP and 6 corticobasal syndrome). DTI volumes were processed using ANTs software, and we computed DTI metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) to measure WM integrity. Regression analyses related CSF to DTI metrics. RESULTS: Higher levels of CSF MBP were related to lower FA in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, parieto-occipital corpus callosum (CC), anterior thalamic radiation, angular gyrus, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), cerebellum, superior parietal lobule, supramarginal gyrus, and frontal CC. We also observed that MBP CSF was associated with lower RD in the cerebral peduncle and SLF, and with lower AD in the parieto-occipital CC, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and central CC. CONCLUSION: CSF measurement of MBP is associated with WM integrity in regions previously associated with 4Rtau pathology, including the cerebral peduncle and SLF. Further work is required to identify the role of CSF MBP as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker for 4Rtau. STUDY SUPPORT: NIH (AG0435043, AG017586, NS044266, NS088341), Dana Foundation, and Wyncote Foundation Disclosure: Dr. Firn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Irwin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grossman has received personal compensation for activities with GE Whitney Symposium as an invited speaker. Dr. Grossman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurology. Dr. McMillan has nothing to disclose.
Identification of an Electrode-Adsorbed Intermediate in the Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution Mechanism of a Cobalt Dithiolene Complex

Analysis of a cobalt bis(dithiolate) complex reported to mediate hydrogen evolution under electrocatalytic conditions in acetonitrile revealed that the cobalt complex transforms into an electrode-adsorbed film upon addition of acid prior to application of a potential. Subsequent application of a reducing potential to the film results in desorption of the film and regeneration of the molecular cobalt complex in solution, suggesting that the adsorbed species is an intermediate in catalytic H2 evolution. The electroanalytical techniques used to examine the pathway by which H2 is generated, as well as the methods used to probe the electrode-adsorbed species, are discussed. Tentative mechanisms for catalytic H2 evolution via an electrode-adsorbed intermediate are proposed.
Monolithic multilevel GaN converter for envelope tracking in RF power amplifiers

This paper presents a monolithic multilevel converter realized in a depletion-mode GaN process and intended to operate as a drain supply modulator (DSM) for high efficiency radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs). The custom prototype chip includes a four-level power stage with on-chip integrated gate drivers and damping networks designed to mitigate effects of parasitics during output voltage level transitions. An optimization algorithm is described to maximize the drain supply system efficiency using the level voltages and a minimum switching interval as optimization variables. The monolithic multilevel chip is used to construct a four-level converter prototype. Experimental results are presented for tracking 8 MHz sine-wave and 10 MHz LTE envelope signals. The converter output voltage exhibits fast and well damped level-to-level transients. For the 10 MHz LTE envelope signal, the converter achieves greater than 97.3% power stage efficiency at 3.5 W average output power level.
Immunosuppression With Mycophenolate Mofetil Attenuates Hypertension in an Experimental Model of Autoimmune Disease

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects women and is associated with prevalent hypertension, renal injury, and cardiovascular diseas...
Interference between light and heavy neutrinos for 0νββ decay in the left–right symmetric model

Abstract Neutrinoless double-beta decay is proposed as an important low energy phenomenon that could test beyond the Standard Model physics. There are several potentially competing beyond the Standard Model mechanisms that can induce the process. It thus becomes important to disentangle the different processes. In the present study we consider the interference effect between the light left-handed and heavy right-handed Majorana neutrino exchange mechanisms. The decay rate, and consequently, the phase-space factors for the interference term are derived, based on the left–right symmetric model. The numerical values for the interference phase-space factors for several nuclides are calculated, taking into consideration the relativistic Coulomb distortion of the electron wave function and finite-size of the nucleus. The variation of the interference effect with the Q -value of the process is studied.
Disrupted physiological reactivity among children with a history of suicidal ideation: Moderation by parental expressed emotion-criticism

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to examine physiological reactivity during parent-child interactions in children with and without a history of suicidal ideation (SI), a group known to be at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the future. We also examined the potential moderating role of parental expressed emotion-criticism (EE-Crit) to determine whether the presence of parental criticism may help to identify a subgroup of children with a history of SI most at risk for physiological dysregulation. Method Participants were 396 children (age 7–11; 54% male, 71.7% Caucasian) and their biological parent. Children’s levels of high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) were assessed during a resting baseline period followed by a positive and negative discussion with their parent. Additionally, parents completed the Five-Minute Speech Sample to determine levels of EE-Crit toward their child, and children completed an interview assessing their history of SI. Results Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that exposure to parental criticism moderated the relation between a child’s history of SI and their HF-HRV reactivity to the discussions. Specifically, while most children exhibited the typical pattern of HF-HRV suppression from baseline to both interactions, the highest risk children (i.e., children with a history of SI who also had highly critical parents) did not display any change in HF-HRV across the tasks, suggesting a failure to engage a typical psychophysiological response during emotional contexts. Conclusions These results suggest a specific physiological mechanism that may place these children at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the future.
Later Poems, Part One: Feminism 1973–1981

By the time she wrote the poems that were collected in Diving into the Wreck (1973) Rich had already made a name for herself. She had won two Guggenheim fellowships, received an honorary doctorate from Wheaton College (1967), and garnered other prestigious awards such as the National Institute of Arts and Letters award (1960), Bollingen Foundation grant for translation of Dutch poetry (1962), Amy Lowell Traveling Fellowship (1962–1963), the Bess Hokin Prize from Poetry magazine (1963), the Shelley Memorial Award from the Poetry Society of America (1971), and in the following year she would win the National Book Award (shared with Beat poet Allen Ginsberg), which she accepted with two other nominees, Audre Lorde and Alice Walker, in the name of all women (1974).
Scalable platform power integrity design approach with standard PI model (SPIM) and unified PI target (UPIT)

Scalable platform power integrity design approach is first time developed, together with standard PI model (SPIM) and unified PI target (UPIT) to efficiently address HVM customers' largely design differentiation with power delivery network design & optimization, and then design review & sign-off, to flexibly make trade-off between cost and performance, or between stack-ups and PD BOM cost. Such standardized design architecture has been adopted & deployed by leading EDA tools.
Ethics of allocating intensive care unit resources.

ICU clinicians commonly make decisions that allocate resources. Because of the high cost of ICU care, these practitioners can expect to be involved in the growing dilemma of trying to meet increasing demand for healthcare services within financial constraints. In order to participate meaningfully in a societal discussion over fairness in allocating scare and expensive resources, ICU practitioners should have more than a superficial knowledge of the principles of distributive justice. Distributive justice refers to fairness in the distribution of limited resources and benefits. Fairness refers to giving equal treatment to all those who are the same with regard to certain morally significant characteristics and treating in a different manner those who are not the same. Although theoretical issues remain unresolved as to which characteristics should be most significant, the United States has a strong cultural value that regards individuals as inherently valuable and having equal social worth. From this, it is likely that only an egalitarian approach to allocation of lifesaving healthcare resources will be acceptable. Studies of how ICU resources have been allocated during times of scarcity indicates that, in general, when beds are scarce, the average severity of illness of those admitted to the ICU increases. However, in some hospitals, political and economic factors appear to play important roles in determining who has access to scarce ICU beds. Of great concern is documentation of a widespread pattern in which fewer hospital resources, including ICU resources, are provided to seriously ill patients of minority status or with low levels of insurance reimbursement. How society's values get translated into allocation decisions is another unresolved issue. One recent example of how this occurred is the Oregon Medicaid Plan. This plan extended Medicaid coverage to additional people in poverty, despite the same amount of state and federal funds. This was accomplished by not reimbursing what were regarded as marginally beneficial services on the basis of medical and community input. Portents of how society might be involved in the future of health care are illustrated by the argument that society should limit access to all therapies except palliative care solely on the basis of advanced age. Until an open consensus develops in U.S. society about how to allocate scarce healthcare resources, the delivery of ICU care will continue to be at risk of covert, de facto rationing based on ability to pay, race, or other nonmedical personal characteristics.
Recent Changes in Southern Ocean Circulation and Climate

The Southern Ocean (SO) is essential to global ocean circulation and climate variability. The strength and position of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerlies are largely thought to be driving recent trends in the SO. We find increasing SH wind speeds between 45° S and 60° S by $0.0075\pm 0.00013\,\,\text{m}\cdot \text{s}^{-1}\cdot $ year−1 and decreasing in the mid-latitude region of $-0.0054\pm 0.00011\,\,\text{m}\cdot \text{s}^{-1}\cdot $ year−1. Mean surface temperatures (depth-integrated ocean heat content) are significantly increasing at $0.0066\pm 0.0057~^{\circ }\text{C}\cdot $ year−1 ( $3.8 \pm 2.4\,\,\text{W}\cdot \text{m}^{-2}$ ), although significantly decreasing within the high-latitude Pacific and Atlantic basins. Sea level change indicates that the median trend in the SH is 3.1 ± 0.69 mm $\cdot $ year−1, although there is a negative trend in the central South Pacific. Our analysis concludes that changes in surface wind speeds are significantly driving regional changes in sea level, heat content, and surface temperatures in the SH high latitudes, contributing to negative trends in the South Pacific.
Cervicofacial necrotising fasciitis by clindamycin-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a young healthy man.

An otherwise healthy 24-year-old man presented with 1 week of fever, facial pain and swelling. He initially sought care at an outside hospital, where he was diagnosed with folliculitis and sent home with oral antibiotics. On arrival at our institution, CT neck was ordered, which demonstrated diffuse submental phlegmon, prompting incision and drainage. After initial improvement, the patient experienced high fevers and increased swelling just 12 hours later. The decision was made to take the patient for operative exploration, and wide debridement was performed due to suspicion for necrotising fasciitis intraoperatively that was ultimately confirmed on final pathology. Final speciation of intraoperative culture demonstrated a clindamycin-resistant and methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was managed with intravenous antibiotics, additional debridement and careful wound care. Delayed partial closure of wound was eventually performed once patient showed marked and persistent clinical improvement. The patient was discharged on hospital day 12 with close follow-up.
History and Context for Defining Liveness: Winner 2018 Edsger W. Dijkstra Prize

It's great to be back at PODC. I attended this conference religiously through 1992. It's interesting to see what has changed but also what has not changed in 25 years. And I can't think of a happier excuse to be back. All of us know how gratifying it is to see that our work is having impact, and that's what this award signi es.To win an award that carries Dijkstra's name is especially meaningful for me. As a graduate student, I read and reread Dijkstra's work; it changed the way I looked at systems research and the research enterprise. (Bowen will o er some remarks that expand on this theme.) I then had a chance to meet Dijkstra when I served as teaching assistant for a 1-week short course he taught in Santa Cruz. That was the summer following my rst year as an assistant professor at Cornell; my colleague David Gries had gotten me the assistantship. I guess I did OK, because Dijkstra and his wife Ria subsequently invited me to visit their home in Nuenen (The Netherlands) for a week. What a thrill. I subsequently saw Dijkstra at technical meetings and socially at least once a year, until he passed away. So, yes, I have many Dijkstra stories to tell. Catch me after dessert for those. You can read our paper \De ning Liveness" (it's only 5 pages!) if you are interested in the technical details. I thought that instead I would talk about how we developed those ideas and where things stand today. I'm always fascinated by the history behind discoveries, and I suspect that I'm not alone in enjoying this \academic gossip".
On the Fusion of Multiple Measure Based Belief Structures

We introduce the concept of a fuzzy measure and describe the process of combining fuzzy measures to form new measures. We discuss the role of fuzzy measures in modeling uncertain information and its use in modeling granular uncertain information with the aid of measure based belief structures. We turn to the problem of fusing multiple measure based belief structures. First we look at the case when the belief structures being fused have the same focal elements. Then we turn to case where the structures being fused have different focal elements. Finally we compare measure-based fusion with Dempster’s rule.
Using Radio-Telemetry to Assess the Risk European Starlings Pose in Pathogen Transmission Among Feedlots

We monitored site-use and movements of 102 radio-tagged European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during the winter months at 2 concentrated animal feeding operations (feedlots) in central Kansas. Our research investigated the spatial ecology of wintering starlings as part of a broad epidemiological study on the possible role of starlings in pathogen transmission at feedlots. Site fi delity was 0.677 and 0.552 (days at capture-site per total days tagged) for feedlots A and B, respectively. Minimal exchange (9%) occurred between feedlots A and B and was often followed by a roost-site change. Starlings rarely abandoned the feedlot where they were captured, but we observed 41 (40%) birds that temporarily switched allegiance from their capture sites to other feedlots; the farthest bird was detected 68 km from the capture site. We speculate that the limited frequency of time spent at non-capture-site feedlots could lower the potential for risk of starlings spreading pathogens among feedlots. We suggest management strategies within the feedlot that may reduce starling populations and speculate that this would lower the risk of spreading pathogens among feedlots.
Software-plus reviews: 500 Nations by Microsoft

This review only begins to touch the surface of the many features available in 500 Nations. With more than 2,000 images, dozens of animated and virtual reality sequences, and video interviews of North American Indians, this review has only provided the reader with a glimpse at all of the elements and options to be found in the program. 500 Nations is an impressive, interactive multimedia product. I strongly recommend embarking upon the adventure!
Topological features determining the error in the inference of networks using transfer entropy

The problem of inferring interactions from observations of individual behavior in networked dynamical systems is ubiquitous in science and engineering. From brain circuits to financial networks, there is a dire need for robust methodologies that can unveil network structures from individual time series. Originally formulated to identify asymmetries in pairs of coupled dynamical systems, transfer entropy has been proposed as a model-free, computationally-inexpensive framework for network inference. While previous studies have cataloged a library of pathological instances in which transfer entropy-based network reconstruction can fail, we presently lack analytical results that can help quantify the accuracy of the identification and pinpoint scenarios where false inferences results are more likely to be registered. Here, we present a detailed analytical study of a Boolean network model of policy diffusion. Through perturbation theory, we establish a closed-form expression for the transfer entropy between any pair of nodes in the network up to the third order in an expansion parameter that is associated with the spontaneous activity of the nodes. While for slowly-varying dynamics transfer entropy is successful in capturing the weight of any link, for faster dynamics the error in the inference is controlled by local topological features of the node pair. Specifically, the error in the inference of a weight between two nodes depends on the mismatch between their weighted indegrees that serves as a common uncertainty bath upon which we must tackle the inference problem. Interestingly, an equivalent result is discovered when numerically studying a network of coupled chaotic tent maps, suggesting that heterogeneity in the in-degree is a critical factor that can undermine the success of transfer entropy-based network inference.
A practitioners guide to organizing and offering a small conference for CS/IT faculty, students and industry professionals

To develop and deliver relevant, industry-responsive courses in computer science and computer information technology, collaboration involving students, faculty, and computing professionals is essential. This paper has two objectives. First, it details the rationale and value to students, faculty, and industry when such connections are established. Second, it details the process of planning, organizing, and implementing a small conference to bring together CS/IT industry professionals, educators, current students, and recent graduates to address focused, relevant issues in the CS/IT workplace.
Gamma-Ray Rejection of the SiPM-coupled Micro-Layered Fast-Neutron Detector

The Micro-Layered Fast-Neutron Detector (MLFD) is a proton-recoil fast-neutron scintillator that uses lucite as the hydrogen-rich neutron converter and silver-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Ag) as the inorganic scintillator medium. The MLFD is constructed by placing alternative layers of neutron converter and scintillation medium in order to maximize its light collection. A 43-mm long MLFD has previously shown a high detection efficiency of 9.2% for a bare 252Cf source, and exhibits acceptable gamma-ray suppression with pulse height discrimination. Pulse-shape discrimination of neutrons and gamma-rays yielded a figure-of-merit of 4.56. Modeling in Geant4 has shown that lengthening the MLFDs up to 200 mm can further increase the neutron detection efficiency. These results indicate that the MLFD can potentially be used in applications such as active and passive interrogation, and Special Nuclear Material (SNM) searches. However, the light collection device used thus far has been photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which prove to be infeasible at longer lengths of the MLFD. To construct a compact hand-held neutron detection system, the PMTs would require to be replaced with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). Thus, this paper reports the performance of the MLFD coupled to SiPMs when irradiated with neutrons and gamma-rays. The results show that the MLFD-SiPM system is highly insensitive to gamma-rays (pulses not discernible from electronic noise), and simply setting a threshold to reject electronic noise is sufficient to register only neutron events. This indicates that the MLFD-SiPM system would be a compact, highly efficient fast-neutron detector in a gamma-ray environment.
Podcasting as a tool to take conservation education online

Traditional forms of higher learning include teaching in the classroom on college campuses and in-person adult-focused public outreach events for non-students. Online college degree programs and public outreach platforms have been steadily emerging, and the COVID-19 pandemic has, at least temporarily, forced all related ecology and evolutionary biology programs to move to online delivery. Podcasting is a form of online mass communication that is rapidly gaining popularity and has the flexibility to be incorporated into the pedagogical toolbox for the online classroom and remote public outreach programming. Podcasting is also becoming more popular in the ecology and evolutionary biology field. Here, we describe the great potential of podcasting to transform the learning experience, present a case study of success from the United States, provide a table of podcast recommended by ecologist responding to a listserv, and provide a road map for adoption and utilization of podcasting for the future.
k -Ordered Hamiltonian graphs

A hamiltonian graph G of order n is k-ordered, 2 k n, if for every sequence v1 ;v 2 ;:::;v k of k distinct vertices of G, there exists a hamiltonian cycle that encounters v1 ;v 2 ;:::;v k in this order. Theorems by Dirac and Ore, presenting sufficient conditions for a graph to be hamiltonian, are generalized to k-ordered hamiltonian graphs. The existence of k-ordered graphs with small maximum degree is investigated; in particular, a family of 4-regular 4-ordered graphs is described. A graph G of order n 3 is k-hamiltonian-connected, 2 k n, if for every sequence v1 ;v 2 ;:::;v k of k distinct vertices, G contains a v1-vk hamiltonian path that encounters v1 ;v 2 ;:::;v k in this order. It is shown that for k 3, every (k+1)-hamiltonian-connected graph is k-ordered and a result of Ore on hamiltonian-connected graphs is generalized to k-hamiltonian-connected
Parsimony-Enhanced Sparse Bayesian Learning for Robust Discovery of Partial Differential Equations.

Robust physics discovery is of great interest for many scientific and engineering fields. Inspired by the principle that a representative model is the one simplest possible, a new model selection criteria considering both model's Parsimony and Sparsity is proposed. A Parsimony Enhanced Sparse Bayesian Learning (PeSBL) method is developed for discovering the governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) of nonlinear dynamical systems. Compared with the conventional Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) method, the PeSBL method promotes parsimony of the learned model in addition to its sparsity. In this method, the parsimony of model terms is evaluated using their locations in the prescribed candidate library, for the first time, considering the increased complexity with the power of polynomials and the order of spatial derivatives. Subsequently, the model parameters are updated through Bayesian inference with the raw data. This procedure aims to reduce the error associated with the possible loss of information in data preprocessing and numerical differentiation prior to sparse regression. Results of numerical case studies indicate that the governing PDEs of many canonical dynamical systems can be correctly identified using the proposed PeSBL method from highly noisy data (up to 50% in the current study). Next, the proposed methodology is extended for stochastic PDE learning where all parameters and modeling error are considered as random variables. Hierarchical Bayesian Inference (HBI) is integrated with the proposed framework for stochastic PDE learning from a population of observations. Finally, the proposed PeSBL is demonstrated for system response prediction with uncertainties and anomaly diagnosis. Codes of all demonstrated examples in this study are available on the website: this https URL.
Extending vegetative cover with cover crops influenced phosphorus loss from an agricultural watershed.

Abstract Excess phosphorus (P) from agriculture is a leading cause of harmful and nuisance algal blooms in many freshwater ecosystems. Throughout much of the midwestern United States, extensive networks of subsurface tile drains remove excess water from fields and allow for productive agriculture. This enhanced drainage also facilitates the transport of P, particularly soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), to adjacent streams and ditches, with harmful consequences. Thus, reducing SRP loss from tile-drained cropland is a major focus of regional and national efforts to curb eutrophication and algal blooms. The planting of cover crops after crop harvest is a conservation practice that has the potential to increase retention of fertilizer nutrients in watersheds by extending the growing season and limiting bare ground in the fallow season; however, the effect of cover crops on SRP loss is inconsistent at the field-scale and unknown at the watershed-scale. In this study, we conducted a large-scale manipulation of land cover in a small, agricultural watershed by planting cover crops on >60% of croppable acres for six years and examining changes in SRP loss through tile drains and at the watershed outlet. We found reduced median SRP loss from tiles with cover crops compared to those without cover crops, particularly during periods of critical export from January to June. Variation in tile discharge influenced SRP loss, but relationships were generally weaker in tiles with cover crops (i.e., decoupled) compared to tiles without cover crops. At the watershed outlet, SRP yield was highly variable over all seasons and years, which complicated efforts to detect a significant effect of changing land cover on SRP export to downstream systems. Yet, watershed-scale planting of cover crops slowed cumulative SRP losses and reduced SRP export during extreme events. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential for cover crops to alter patterns of SRP loss at both the field- and watershed-scale.
The Rapid Acceleration of Hepatic Nuclear Ribonucleic Acid Breakdown by Actinomycin But Not by Ethionine

Abstract The effects of two different inhibitors of rat liver RNA synthesis, actinomycin D and ethionine, upon liver RNA metabolism have been studied and compared. Whereas ethionine administration leads to a relatively slow loss of about 30% of total nuclear RNA over a period of 12 to 16 hours involving the molecular species representative of the total pool, the administration of actinomycin D is followed by a rapid loss of recently labeled moieties of nuclear RNA. The pretreatment of animals with ethionine had no significant effect upon the loss of nuclear RNA induced by actinomycin D. The labeling of cytoplasmic RNA with orotic acid-6-14C was inhibited by each agent. It is considered probable that the different patterns of response of hepatic nuclear RNA to these two agents are a reflection of the different mechanisms whereby they inhibit RNA synthesis. It is concluded that compounds which bind to DNA, such as actinomycin D, have effects on nuclear RNA metabolism in addition to those resulting from the inhibition of RNA synthesis.
Other Succulent Vegetables

Asparagus is believed to be indigenous to the eastern Mediterranean region. It has been in use for over 2000 years, first for medicinal purposes and later as food.