cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobility Matters: Identifying Cognitive Demands That Are Sensitive to Orientation

Prior studies have shown benefits of interactions on mobile devices. Device mobility itself changes the nature of the user experience; interactions on mobile devices may present better support for cognition. To better understand cognitive demands related to mobility, the current study investigated presentations on a mobile device for a three-dimensional construction task. The task imposed considerable cognitive load, particularly in demands for mental rotation; individual differences in spatial ability are known to interact with these demands. This study specifically investigated mobile device orientations and participants’ spatial ability. Subjects with low spatial ability were able to complete the task more effectively when shown the presentation in a favorable orientation. Individuals who saw the presentation in an unfavorable orientation and those of low spatial ability, were differentially disadvantaged. We conclude that mobility can reduce cognitive load by limiting demands for spatial processing relating to reorientation.
Automated Vulnerability Analysis: Leveraging Control Flow for Evolutionary Input Crafting

We present an extension of traditional "black box" fuzz testing using a genetic algorithm based upon a dynamic Markov model fitness heuristic. This heuristic allows us to "intelligently" guide input selection based upon feedback concerning the "success" of past inputs that have been tried. Unlike many software testing tools, our implementation is strictly based upon binary code and does not require that source code be available. Our evaluation on a Windows server program shows that this approach is superior to random black box fuzzing for increasing code coverage and depth of penetration into program control flow logic. As a result, the technique may be beneficial to the development of future automated vulnerability analysis tools.
FREUD ON SEXUAL TRAUMA: AN HISTORICAL REVIEW OF SEDUCTION AND BETRAYAL

An historical review of the development and rejection of Freud's seduction theory is presented. Questions are raised regarding the relationship of self-analysis to Freud's repudiation.
Stochastic analysis of maintenance process costs in the IT industry: a case study

In this contribution we propose a method for determining the type of computer component whose replacement minimizes repair costs depending on the warranty period. Components that most often cause a dysfunctional state of a computer are first identified using records of warranty repairs from the customer service department. Repair costs covered by warranty are then calculated using a semi-analytic method and simulation of the most critical component lifetime in different user environments. It was assumed that the use of a cheaper critical component generally results in higher costs for computer warranty services due to shorter failure-free runs. For this reason, the company should choose a compromise between price and quality. Input data was taken from the records supplied by the computer assembling company (times between failures) and from the records from time tracking software (computer up-time).
Abortion clinic patients' opinions about obtaining abortions from general women's health care providers

Objective: Most U.S. women obtain abortions at specialty clinics. This qualitative study explores abortion clinic patients’ opinions about receiving abortions from general women’s health care providers. Methods: We conducted 20 h-long, semi-structured interviews with diverse women who had abortions in the U.S. Heartland. Each described her usual health care provider and how she accessed abortion care. We used qualitative analytic methods to organize and interpret the data. Results: Despite having a general provider, most women sought clinic abortions. Some women offered reasons for preferring specialty care and others for preferring abortion from their general provider. Most women assumed their general provider did not ‘‘do abortion’’ and many believed those providers were opposed to abortion. Women who had delivered a baby were concerned with their image in their general provider’s eyes. Two women were denied care by their general providers. Conclusion: Women’s preferences for abortion care centered on privacy, cost, empathy, ability to control their image, and desire for safe quality care. Two women who sought abortions through their general providers experienced negative repercussions. Practice implications: General providers should proactively make patients aware of their positions on abortion and if supportive indicate that they can provide that care and/or a referral.
The late Cenozoic evolution of the Tuolumne River, central Sierra Nevada, California

Erosional remnants of volcanic rock deposited in a 10-m.y.-old channel of the Tuolumne River permit its partial reconstruction. Projection of the reconstructed channel west to the Central Valley and east to the range crest, together with several assumptions about the position of the hinge line and changes in channel gradient, allows estimates of the amount of uplift at the range crest during the past 10 m.y. At Tioga Pass, this amounts to as much as 1,830 m, as compared to the 2,150 m estimated in an earlier study for Deadman Pass at the San Joaquin River 30 km to the south. Comparison of the geometry of these river systems leads to the conclusion that 10 m.y. ago an ancestral range of hills occupied the present site of the Sierran crest, and, although of relatively moderate relief, it was a barrier to westward drainage even before late Cenozoic uplift. At that time, the San Joaquin River was apparently the only river flowing westward across the range from well south of Mount Whitney north to Sonora Pass. The Tuolumne River evidently never extended east of this range. Comparison of the ancient channel with the modern channel of the Tuolumne River permits analysis of the later evolution of the river system and the development of Hetch Hetchy Valley and the Grand Canyon of the Tuolumne. At Rancheria Mountain, where the volcanic "dam" in the ancient channel was highest, the river was forced to shift laterally southward around the dam and adjacent to the volcanic infilling, and start its new channel in granitic bedrock. Near Rancheria Mountain, as much as 1,525 m of new channel incision has taken place in the past 10 m.y., and the modern channel is about 915 m lower than the abandoned channel. An undetermined amount of this downcutting was from glacial erosion. The Tuolumne river system provides no direct evidence for timing the onset of uplift, but the shape of the 10-m.y. old channel at Rancheria Mountain suggests that uplift had been underway for some time before the volcanic infilling. This timing is compatible with evidence from the upper San Joaquin River. Hetch Hetchy Valley on the Tuolumne is a much "fresher" glaciated valley than is Yosemite Valley. Hetch Hetchy was filled to the brim with glacial ice as recently as 15,000-20,000 yr ago (Tioga glaciation), whereas Yosemite Valley probably has not been filled for 750,000 yr or more (Sherwin glaciation). Thus the upper reaches of Yosemite Valley cliffs have been shaped by spalling rather than by glacial scour and are much more irregular than those in Hetch Hetchy.
How Does Voltage Open an Ion Channel

Neurons transmit information through electrical signals generated by voltage-gated ion channels. These channels consist of a large superfamily of proteins that form channels selective for potassium, sodium, or calcium ions. In this review we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which these channels convert changes in membrane voltage into the opening and closing of “gates” that turn ion conductance on and off. An explosion of new studies in the last year, including the first X-ray crystal structure of a mammalian voltagegated potassium channel, has led to radically different interpretations of the structure and molecular motion of the voltage sensor. The interpretations are as distinct as the techniques employed for the studies: crystallography, fluorescence, accessibility analysis, and electrophysiology. We discuss the likely causes of the discrepant results in an attempt to identify the missing information that will help resolve the controversy and reveal the mechanism by which a voltage sensor controls the channel’s gates.
Nature of Sub-23-nm Particles Downstream of the European Particle Measurement Programme (PMP)-Compliant System: A Real-Time Data Perspective

This study provides an evaluation of the nature of sub-23-nm particles downstream of the European Particulate Measurement Programme (PMP) methodology, with prescribed cycles and on-road flow-of-traffic driving conditions. Particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured using two PMP measurement systems running simultaneously. For this analysis, the focus is on the real-time results from multiple instruments. The results revealed that a significant fraction of particles downstream of both PMP systems for all tested cycles were below 11 nm. The fraction of sub-11-nm particles observed downstream of the PMP system decreased when the overall dilution ratio of one PMP system was increased from 300 to 1500, suggesting those sub-11-nm particles were formed through re-nucleation of semivolatile precursors. When the evaporation tube temperature was increased from 300°C to 500°C, no difference in particle number concentrations was observed, suggesting that incomplete evaporation of semivolatile ...
Sea of Leads (SoL) ultrahigh density wafer-level chip input/output interconnections for gigascale integration (GSI)

Sea of Leads (SoL) is an ultrahigh density (>10/sup 4//cm/sup 2/) compliant chip input/output (I/O) interconnection technology. SoL is fabricated at the wafer level to extend the economic benefits of semiconductor front-end and back-end wafer-level batch fabrication to include chip I/O interconnections, packaging, and wafer-level testing and burn-in. This paper discusses the fabrication, the mechanical and electrical performance, and the benefits of SoL. SoL can lead to enhancements in reliability, electrical performance, manufacturing throughput, and cost. A chip with 12 /spl times/ 10/sup 3//cm/sup 2/ compliant I/O leads is demonstrated. The mechanically compliant I/O leads are designed to enable wafer-level testing and eliminate the need for underfill between chips and printed wiring boards by mitigating thermo-mechanical expansion mismatches between the two. The fabrication of partially nonadherent, or slippery, leads is desirable as it allows the leads to freely undergo strain during thermal cycling. Compared to adherent metal leads, preliminary results show that slippery leads enhance the overall in-plane compliance. Microindentation experiments show that a polymer film with embedded air gaps provides substantially higher compliance than a polymer film without embedded air gaps.
Global wellposedness of cubic Camassa–Holm equations

Abstract In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem of cubic Camassa–Holm equation. This equation is derived from a model of shallow water dynamics. We prove the global existence of entropy weak solution to this problem in space H 1 with its derivative in B V . The stability and uniqueness of entropy weak solution are obtained in W 1 , 1 .
Molecular events in measles virus infection of the central nervous system.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses molecular events in measles virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS). The combined information on expression of measles virus RNA and proteins in human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and measles inclusion body encephalitis (MIBE) brain tissue, in experimental animals, and in cell cultures helps in understanding events resulting in persistent virus infection in the CNS. Host factors, immune system interactions, and viral gene mutations might all participate at various stages in the process. There is strong evidence that restricted expression of measles RNA and proteins occurs within the CNS. Studies of animal models support the idea that the restriction is a function of the host environment, which sets the stage for initiation of persistent infection. It is not clear whether the mutations encountered in viral genes from SSPE tissue are essential for maintaining the persistent infection or are by-products of prolonged survival of genes nonessential for virus replication and cell-to-cell spread.
Effects of drugs on learning and memory.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the representative studies of the effects of drugs on learning and memory in infrahumans. It emphasizes research concerned with the bases of drug-effects on learning and memory and relevance of the findings to current concepts of memory storage mechanisms. The studies reviewed in the chapter provide clear evidence that drugs can influence learning. The results of the studies using post trial injections indicate that many of the compounds influence learning by affecting the processes involved in memory storage. Other compounds seem to affect performance by modifying attentional, perceptual, or motivational processes. The evidence provided by studies of drug-effects on learning is consistent with other evidence that memory storage involves processes that are active for some time after the termination of an experience. Memory storage time, as measured in this way is found to depend upon a variety of conditions including age, sex, strain, species, and specific training procedures. Drugs affect learning by directly modifying the specific processes involved in the formation of prominent traces. Whatever the nature of the processes involved in the storage of information in the nervous system, drugs will undoubtedly continue to be important tools in research leading to the discovery of the nature of the processes.
A Cooperative Farming Project in Chile: A Case Study

This article analyzes the first several years of a small cooperatively operated agrarian-reform project in Chile. It is predicated on the idea that in a more inclusive reform, technicians will be aided by studies of how small-scale reform has worked. The study concludes that a lower level of consumption would have helped colonists in making land and capital payments. Alternatives which involve less sacrifice, however, are to use available family labor more efficiently, thus lowering operating costs, and to raise production by more intensive farming. By comparing the farm under reform with a well-managed but traditionally operated unit with similar soil resources, we have demonstrated that a margin of unexploited productivity exists on the colonized farm. This margin can be realized only if proper technical assistance is provided to help settlers-who have had little experience as entrepreneurs-arrive at a more nearly optimum combination of factors.
Challenges During Pediatric Endoscopic Neurosurgery

Endoscopic neurosurgery has become an important modality in the treatment of several pediatric neurologic conditions. With improvements in imaging, fiberoptic technology, and equipment, minimally invasive techniques have allowed for safe visualization and manipulation of areas that were previously difficult to access through conventional neurosurgical procedures. Table 56.1 summarizes some of the more common pediatric conditions treated with endoscopic neurosurgery and the preferred noninvasive interventions.
Observations of Winter-time Nucleation and Particle Growth over/in a Forest

This paper describes results from continuous measurements of particle size distributions at three levels in and over a deciduous forest in the Ohio River Valley. Here we focus on winter-time (leaf-off) periods with high number con- centrations of ultrafine particles and show that nucleation events appear to occur above the canopy, and may be linked to the breakdown of the nocturnal inversion. The resulting ultrafine particles have relatively low growth rates of approximately 2 nm h �1 , and that the growth rate is apparently independent of incident radiation. Accordingly almost all of the increase in geometric mean diameter (GMD) can be attributed to coagulation.
Overview of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) Conceptual Design Activity

The goal of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is to provide an irradiation facility for use by fusion material scientists in the search for low activation and damage resistant materials. An accelerator-based neutron source has been established through a number of international studies and workshops as an essential step for materials development and testing. IFMIF would also provide calibration and validation of data from fission reactor and other accelerator based simulation irradiations. It would generate material-specific activation and other radiological properties and analysis of data for safety, maintenance, recycling, decommissioning and waste disposal. 5 refs., 2 figs.
Determinants of Outsourcing in U.S. Municipalities: Evidence from a Municipal Spatial Network Analysis

The use of outsourcing/privatization in the public sector has been steadily increasing for the past several decades. The trend is evident in all levels of governments around the world, and the U.S. is no exception. Although scholars from numerous disciplines have searched for causes of this trend, no consensus has been reached in the literature. This paper advances these efforts by identifying determinants of outsourcing in U.S. municipalities using spatial network analysis. We incorporate a spatial aspect to explore outsourcing decisions, which is a different approach from much of the literature. Empirical results indicate that a local government’s outsourcing decision is affected by nearby local jurisdictions. Additional findings indicate that external stakeholders’ involvement contributes to the use of outsourcing, whereas having a limited supply of service providers impedes it.
On Teacher Quality in Independent Schools

Independent schools pride themselves on providing a unique educational experience for students, one that is robust and mission-driven and capitalizes on lower student-to-teacher ratios that allow for more personalized learning and high-quality teachers. Numerous studies measure teacher effectiveness in public schools, yet there is little research on teacher quality in independent schools. This study finds that independent schools use four key characteristics to describe high-quality teachers: (a) strong relationships with students, (b) strong pedagogical knowledge and content expertise, (c) a growth mind-set, and (d) the ability to fit well within the school's culture. We also examine school practices and find that some commonly used activities for recruitment and selection are intended to identify the key characteristics of high-quality teachers. Administrators use demonstration lessons and interviews to assess candidates’ abilities to develop strong relationships with students and their pedagogical know...
Positioning Work Amid Discontinuities and Continuities: Chinese Post80s Workers’ Dialogical Constructions of Meanings of Work

This study explicated Post80s workers’ communicative constructions of work meanings guided by the dialogical self theory. Analyzing 33 in-depth interviews, we found Post80s workers constructed their work meanings regarding choice, development, and impact as they invoked individual and collective voices amid the discursive and material discontinuities and continuities of the emerging Chinese socio-economic landscape. Foregrounding meanings of work as dialogical co-constructions of different voices, the study unpacked the complex interplays of self–other, individual–collective processes, and past–present–future work values and experiences in the communicative constitutions of the Chinese paradigm shift of work. Theoretical contributions to meanings of work as tensional, dialogical constructions answer calls to more nuanced scholarly engagement with individual–organization–society problematics and generational cohorts locally and globally in organizational communication research.
Prostate cancer, prostatic hypertrophy, and prostatitis: a select list of resources on the web

The prostate is a male sex gland that helps produce semen. There are several serious conditions associated with the prostate. Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), prostate cancer, and prostatitis will be briefly defined. Education and self-help sources that raise awareness, which in turn can lead to prevention and successful treatment, are discussed. The World Wide Web contains huge amounts of information. The following article includes a select list of quality sites dealing with some aspect of the prostate. The author intends for readers to use this as a starting point for information relevant to those suffering from prostate disease or cancer or who just want to know about the subject.
Agonistic Behavior of Three Sympatric Species of Woodrats (Neotoma mexicana, N. albigula, and N. stephensi)

Three species of woodrats ( Neotoma mexicana, N. albigula , and N. stephensi ) are sympatric in Padre Canyon, Arizona, and elsewhere. A behavioral repertoire was determined in the laboratory for the three species. Males were paired in interspecific and intraspecific pairings to determine if a dominance hierarchy exists among the species as a possible indicator of ecological competition. No qualitative differences were observed among the three species in agonistic or agonistic-related behavior. Neotoma stephensi exhibited significantly less footstomping than either of the other two species. Neotoma mexicana was found to be dominant to the other species, and N. albigula is probably dominant to the smaller N. stephensi . Behavioral differences among the species are discussed in terms of ecological adaptiveness. Neotoma mexicana , with its “bold” temperament and dominant behavioral profile probably outcompetes N. albigula for den sites.
Multispecific Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1) from Bos taurus Has High Affinity and Slow Binding Kinetics towards Prostaglandin E2

Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1), like many solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family members, is important for the disposition of clinically important drugs, metabolites and signaling molecules. Several studies suggest that SLC22 family (eg. organic anion transporters or OATs and OCTs) bind and possibly transport prostaglandins with relatively high affinity (submicromolar). The affinities of OCT1 and OATs toward PGE2 and PGF2a reported in these cell-based transport studies are considerably greater than for xenobiotics and natural metabolite substrates--in many cases over 100-fold higher. This raises the possibility that prostaglandins are key endogenous substrates and/or that they act on the transporter in a manner different from other substrates such as xenobiotics and lower affinity metabolites. To further investigate OCT1-prostaglandin interactions, we designed biophysical studies using purified bovine OCT1 (Bos taurus, btOCT1/SLC22A1) with PGE2 analogs, in fluorescently labeled and label-free formats. Using fluorescence polarization (FP), we detected a binding of btOCT1 to the PGE2-Rhodamine conjugate at submicromolar affinity, consistent with affinity data for PGE2 from cells over-expressing the related human OCT1. Using purified native btOCT1 as analyte and biotinylated PGE2 analog as ligand, our data from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed that btOCT1 specifically interacts to PGE2 with KD values in the hundred nanomolar range. BtOCT1 also demonstrated a slow association (ka) in the range of 103 M(-1) s(-1) and an even slower dissociation rate (kd) in the range of 10-4 s(-1) for PGE2, suggesting the possibility of a different mode of binding compared to other structurally unrelated transported substrates of low-affinity (eg. drugs, metabolites). Our results complement in vitro transport studies and provide direct evidence that OCT1--which is normally expressed in liver and other tissues--interacts with prostaglandin analogs. While it is not entirely clear from the published literature whether OCTs function as major prostaglandin transporters, the tight binding of the naturally occurring PGE2, as well as the slow dissociation rate, could conceivably affect the transport of lower affinity substrates such as drugs and metabolites by SLC22 transporters. More research is necessary to establish the extent to which individual SLC22 family members actually function as PG transporters in vitro and in vivo and to investigate whether PGs can, independent of being directly transported, alter the ability of SLC22 transporters to handle drugs and other substrates.
Application of Metabolomics Experimental Technology in the Scientific Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Metabolomics is the discipline on the variety,quantity and its relevant transformation rules of biological metabolic substances.It can analyze in quality and quantity the metabolic products of some biology and cell in a specific physiological stage with modern analytic technological method.With the extensive application of metabolomics in medicine and hygienic field,it is the necessity for the organic integration of traditional Chinese medicine and metabolomics technology,which provides a powerful approach to the development and research of traditional Chinese medicine.The application of metabolomics method displays the advantageous role in the explanation of the holistic idea,pattern/syndrome differentiation and determination of treatment in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicines.It brings the tremendous potential to holistic adjustment,multi-component and multi-target effects in the research of Chinese medicines.
Reconstruction of posterior trunk defects

A high rate of success can be expected in the management of posterior trunk defects with muscle flaps. The surgeon has to adhere closely to the basic reconstructive principles of adequate debridement of all necrotic or devitalized tissues; management of infection with local wound care and appropriate antibiotic therapy; and coverage with well-vascularized tissue to obliterate any residual dead space and to cover bone grafts, orthopedic hardware, and vital structures such as the dura and spinal cord. Flap selection is also of paramount importance for success, and only muscles with appropriate arc of rotation, vascularity (vascular pedicles outside the field of radiation injury, or intact vascularity following previous procedures) and bulk should be used. Adequate flap mobilization to obtain a tension-free closure and judicious use of drains and perioperative antibiotic agents are essential. Occasionally, microvascular free-tissue transfer may be necessary if local flaps are unavailable. The complications of flap reconstruction include partial flap loss, persistent dead space for lack of adequate muscle bulk, and persistent infection. Debridement and re-advancement of the flap is adequate in most cases. If there is significant or total flap loss, however, a second flap reconstruction is often necessary to obliterate the dead space and protect vital structures.
SNP Genotyping Using KASPar Assays

In a separate chapter we describe a simple method for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery using genomic reduction. Here we describe a scalable and cost-effective SNP genotyping method based on KBioscience's competitive allele-specific PCR amplification of target sequences and endpoint fluorescence genotyping (KASPar™) using a FRET capable plate reader or Fluidigm's dynamic array high-throughput platform.
Knockdown of RNA Interference Pathway Genes in Western Corn Rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) Demonstrates a Possible Mechanism of Resistance to Lethal dsRNA

RNA interference (RNAi) is being developed as a potential tool for insect pest management. Increased understanding of the RNAi pathway in target insect pests will provide information to use this technology effectively and to inform decisions related to resistant management strategies for RNAi based traits. Dicer 2 (Dcr2), an endonuclease responsible for formation of small interfering RNA’s and Argonaute 2 (Ago2), an essential catalytic component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) have both been associated with the RNAi pathway in a number of different insect species including the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We identified both genes from a transcriptome library generated from different tissues and developmental stages of the western corn rootworm, an important target pest for transgenic plants expressing dsRNA targeting essential genes. The expression of these genes was suppressed by more than 90% after injecting gene specific dsRNA into adult rootworms. The injected beetles were then fed vATPase A dsRNA which has previously been demonstrated to cause mortality in western corn rootworm adults. The suppression of both RNAi pathway genes resulted in reduced mortality after subsequent exposure to lethal concentrations of vATPase A dsRNA as well as increased vATPase A expression relative to control treatments. Injections with dsRNA for a non-lethal target sequence (Laccase 2) did not affect mortality or expression caused by vATPase A dsRNA indicating that the results observed with Argo and Dicer dsRNA were not caused by simple competition among different dsRNA’s. These results confirm that both genes play an important role in the RNAi pathway for western corn rootworms and indicate that selection pressures that potentially affect the expression of these genes may provide a basis for future studies to understand potential mechanisms of resistance.
Low cost ultra-wideband millimeter-wave array

Wideband millimeter-wave arrays are of increasing importance for a growing number of communications or sensing applications. Existing arrays are either narrow-band, prohibitively expensive, or cannot be scaled. In this paper, we present a new class of low-cost ultra-wideband millimeter-wave array operating across the Ka-W bands (26–86 GHz). The proposed design concept and the optimized layout are presented and validated.
Structured clinical documentation in the electronic medical record to improve quality and to support practice-based research in epilepsy.

SummaryObjective Using the electronic medical record (EMR) to capture structured clinical data at the point of care would be a practical way to support quality improvement and practice-based research in epilepsy. Methods We describe our stepwise process for building structured clinical documentation support tools in the EMR that define best practices in epilepsy, and we describe how we incorporated these toolkits into our clinical workflow. Results These tools write notes and capture hundreds of fields of data including several score tests: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items, Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Quality of Life in Epilepsy–10 items, Montreal Cognitive Assessment/Short Test of Mental Status, and Medical Research Council Prognostic Index. The tools summarize brain imaging, blood laboratory, and electroencephalography results, and document neuromodulation treatments. The tools provide Best Practices Advisories and other clinical decision support when appropriate. The tools prompt enrollment in a DNA biobanking study. We have thus far enrolled 231 patients for initial visits and are starting our first annual follow-up visits and provide a brief description of our cohort. Significance We are sharing these EMR tools and captured data with other epilepsy clinics as part of a Neurology Practice Based Research Network, and are using the tools to conduct pragmatic trials using subgroup-based adaptive designs.
“This is what I know:” Use of the first person in sixth grade argumentative writing

Abstract Although many secondary teachers prohibit use of the first person in academic writing, little empirical evidence exists linking first person use with writing quality. This study examined first person use in 111 brief argumentative essays composed by sixth grade students (ages 11–14) in American public schools. It first analyzed the ways in which students use the first person, and then investigated whether there is any association between first person use and overall quality of writing. Findings suggest that students used the first person frequently, often in its more assertive forms, and that there is no association between use of the first person and quality of argumentative writing. Implications for instruction are that teachers should not ban the use of the first person, but should teach students how to use it more effectively.
DFIG Wind Generators Fault Diagnosis Considering Parameter and Measurement Uncertainties

Accurate and fast fault detection and isolation/identification (FDI) in wind power generators minimizes the downtime of the units as further damages can be prevented. In this paper, a robust FDI method for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind generators based on bond-graph (BG) theory is proposed. The comprehensive model of BG model of DFIG-based wind generators is developed that includes electrical, mechanical, and hydraulic subsystems. To represent the parameter uncertainties in the BG model, linear fractional transformation is utilized, in which the uncertain part of the BG model is separated from the nominal part of the model. Based on the nominal part of the BG model, analytical redundancy relationships are derived that are used for FDI. The uncertain part of the BG model is also used to derive the thresholds that are used for distinguishing faulty cases from nonfaulty cases in the presence of uncertainty. Results obtained from the case study, demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of detecting and pinpointing faults in different components, quickly and accurately.
Successful treatment of mucous membrane pemphigoid with bortezomib.

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare, autoantibody-mediated disease characterized by mucocutaneous blistering including oral, ocular, laryngeal, and skin involvement. Treating MMP is challenging, with few effective therapies available. We report successful treatment of a patient with treatment-refractory MMP with the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib.
KLF10 Gene Expression Modulates Fibrosis in Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle

Dystrophic skeletal muscle is characterized by fibrotic accumulation of extracellular matrix components that compromise muscle structure, function, and capacity for regeneration. Tissue fibrosis is often initiated and sustained through transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, and Kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is an immediate early gene that is transcriptionally activated in response to TGF-β signaling. It encodes a transcriptional regulator that mediates the effects of TGF-β signaling in a variety of cell types. This report presents results of investigation of the effects of loss of KLF10 gene expression in wild-type and dystrophic (mdx) skeletal muscle. On the basis of RT-PCR, Western blot, and histological analyses of mouse tibialis anterior and diaphragm muscles, collagen type I (Col1a1) and fibronectin gene expression and protein deposition were increased in KLF10-/- mice, contributing to increased fibrosis. KLF10-/- mice displayed increased expression of genes encoding SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD7, particularly in diaphragm muscle. SMAD4 gene expression was unchanged. Expression of the extracellular matrix remodeling genes, MMP2 and TIMP1, was also increased in KLF10-deficient mouse muscle. Histological analyses and assays of hydroxyproline content indicated that the loss of KLF10 increased fibrosis. Dystrophic KLF10-null mice also had reduced grip strength. The effects of loss of KLF10 gene expression were most pronounced in dystrophic diaphragm muscle, suggesting that KLF10 moderates the fibrotic effects of TGF-β signaling in chronically damaged regenerating muscle.
Piecewise Polynomial Hylleraas Configuration Interaction Wavefunctions for Helium

The scientific problem treated in this work is that of describing the electronic structure of atoms and molecules with sufficient accuracy to be useful for predictions of chemical properties. The present activity consists of deriving computational solutions of the many-body Schrodinger equation for small chemical species. Two specific objectives are to explore the consequences of an explicit correlation term in the electronic wavefunction and to examine the effectiveness of certain mathematical forms as an expansion basis. The magnitude of the computational problem is massive and the existence of supercomputers like the CYBER 205 helps to bring these problems into a feasible range.
A Negative Correlation Between Mythic-Symbolic Language and the Nature of Man

A paradigm of the study of myth, namely the work of Rudolf Bultmann, has been chosen to begin this reflection. The discussion of his work is necessary and important because it presents a primary example of recent treatments of that subject. Further, Bultmann’s hermeneutic has been the predominant example of contemporary treatments of myth. In fact, Bultmann’s hermeneutic has been the central one for philosophical thinking about myth. If, therefore, the ultimate claim shall be that myth and symbol may be a resource for philosophical thinking, the discussion must begin here. Such a hermeneutic is problematic. It is also possible that it is symptomatic of the way language has been treated generally in contemporary discussions.
Regulatory Cellular Interactions in Immune Responses

This chapter describes the basic models of T–B and T–T cell interactions in immune responses, and the nature of the regulatory influence of activated T cells on antibody production and cell-mediated immunity. The first direct evidence for T and B cell interactions was provided by Claman and co-workers in studies of the humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. These investigations were based on a very simple design to test for the existence of potentially immunocompetent cells in the adult mouse thymus using the hemolytic focus assay-system. Thus, lethally irradiated mice (650-750 R) were injected intravenously with varying numbers of either spleen, thymus, bone marrow, or thymus plus bone marrow cells from normal or immune syngeneic donors. Miller and Mitchell reported that bone marrow of neonatally thymectomized mice was as effective as that of normal mice in restoring immunological responsiveness to heavily irradiated mice with intact thymuses. The introduction of defined haptenic determinants onto immunogenic carriers by Landsteiner has provided a powerful tool for the analysis of specific interactions between antigens and specific cells of the immune system.
On the Topology of Curves in Complex Surfaces

We describe the use of the link at infinity as a tool to classify complex affine plane curves. This is an exposition of results of [N2]. We give an overview of these results in §1, describe them precisely in §2, and give more examples in §4. §3 describes one of the topological ingredients: a substitute for the “Milnor fibration at infinity” when the latter does not exist.
Towards “Smarter” Vehicles Through Cloud-Backed Swarm Cognition

We consider an exciting new computing paradigm called cloud-backed swarm cognition. It refers to an envisioned future where (mobile) edge devices work together collaboratively to provide intelligent services. The cloud provides a resilient back-up cover and supervision for such services. A specific example domain is that of smart, connected autonomous vehicles (e.g., cars, buses, trucks, or drones). In this computational paradigm, the cloud serves as the (relatively) stable repository of reference knowledge that is less frequently accessed than in non-swarm computation. The “vehicle swarm on the other hand, serves as a (relatively) dynamic cache of knowledge at the “edge.” Leveraging the collaborative swarm mode reduces real-time deadline pressures at the individual node level, while improving edge resilience through redundancy. Overall, this leads to smarter vehicles through: (a) improved edge inferential accuracy and (b) improved system-level energy efficiency. In this paper, we consider the system architecture represented by the cloud-backed swarm cognition apparatus. We provide a visionary perspective of the fundamental trade-offs that one must model and interpret in tuning the parameters of this new architecture in a scenario where a swarm of connected cars conducts real-time traffic sign recognition.
Die Pop Challenge and Comprehensive Solutions in Vacuum Reflow Technology for Semiconductor Packaging

Power Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) die thickness is getting thinner over time due to improvement of power efficiency in new advance power electronic packages. This has caused solder voids performance deteriorates as the result of die warping after thinning and caused die crack issue. Vacuum reflow is introduced to improve that solder void issue with the target of 5% or below from origin 20%. During the study, die pop challenge was encountered at vacuum reflow process. In this paper, the root cause and solutions of the die pop will be discussed. The challenge of this project is to achieve zero die pop defect while meeting 5% or below solder void sizes underneath warped die in high productivity mode condition. A thorough pressure profile optimization was conducted in meeting these requirements that always in contradiction between die pop and low void in limited vacuumed time condition at vacuum pressure profile. Optimizing vacuum pressure level with two steps profile and solder paste deposition volume are critical in achieving the goals.
From sensorimotor dependencies to perceptual practices: making enactivism social:

Proponents of enactivism should be interested in exploring what notion of action best captures the type of action–perception link that the view proposes, such that it covers all the aspects in whic...
Container Production of Comptie, Zamia furfuracea Ait.

The effects of cultural factors on growth of comptie, Zamia furfuracea Ait., were evaluated. Plant growth was increased under 47% shade compared to 72% shade and when 1.2 kg m−3 (2 lb yd−3) dolomitic limestone was incorporated into the medium compared to 4.7 kg m−3 (8 lb yd−3). Nitrogen fertilization of 200 ppm and 300 ppm per week increased frond number compared to 100 ppm per week whereas container volume had no effect on plant growth.
Altering Fundamental Trends in the Emission of Xanthene Dyes

Fluorescent small molecules enable researchers and clinicians to visualize biological events in living cells, tissues, and organs in real time. Herein, the focus is on the structure and properties of the relatively rare benzo[ a]xanthenes that exhibit enhanced steric and electronic interactions due to their annulated structures. Three types of fluorophores were synthesized: (i) pH- and solvent-dependent seminaphthorhodafluors, (ii) pH- and solvent-independent seminaphthorhodafluors, and (iii) pH-independent but solvent-sensitive seminaphthorhodamines. The probes exhibited promising far-red to near-infrared (NIR) emission, large Stoke shifts, broad full width at half-maximum (fwhm), relatively high quantum yields, and utility in immunofluorescence staining. Deviation of the π-system from planarity due to changes in the fluorophore ionization state resulted in fluorescence properties that are atypical of common xanthene dyes.
Therapy of the Blastic Phase of Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

The accelerated or blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) ultimately leads to the demise of eighty percent of patients with this disease [ 1]. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, a rising percent of immature cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow are the characteristic laboratory features. In addition some patients have moderate to extensive marrow fibrosis.
Effect of Interocular Contrast Difference on Stereopsis in Observers With Sensory Eye Dominance.

Purpose We investigated how sensory eye dominance (SED) affects stereopsis when the half-images of random-dot-stereo stimuli had different interocular contrast. Methods We measured crossed and uncrossed stereo disparity thresholds and reaction time to seeing random-dot-stereograms with variable interocular contrast differences (ICD), where ICD = (log10 [CLE] - log10 [CRE]) = -0.4, -0.2, 0, 0.2, or 0.4 log unit. The mean contrast of the stimuli, (log10 [CLE] + log10 [CRE])/2, remained constant at 1.2 log unit to ensure that the measured effect was solely due to ICD. We also measured SED using, respectively, dichoptic horizontal sine wave gratings with different phases (revealing SEDcombo) and dichoptic vertical and horizontal gratings (revealing SEDinhibition). Results Both measures of SEDinhibition and SEDcombo revealed the observers had the same eye as dominant although the magnitudes differed. The observers had lower stereo thresholds and shorter stereo reaction time on stimuli with unequal interocular contrast when the non-sensory-dominant eye viewed the higher contrast half-image, suggesting a stimulus-compensating effect. We then estimated the ICD of random-dot-stereo half-images (compensating stimuli) that would lead to minimum stereo threshold (SEDstereo-threshold) and reaction time (SEDstereo-RT) based on the stereo performance and ICD relationship, and found that they were significantly smaller than SEDinhibition and SEDcombo. Conclusions By linking SEDinhibition and SEDcombo with the effect of ICD on stereopsis, we provided further support for the notion that the stimulus-compensating effect is mediated by the interocular inhibitory and interocular gain control mechanisms. Furthermore, the interocular contrast for SEDstereo-threshold and SEDstereo-RT can be potentially applied for improving stereopsis in individuals with SED.
Fibonacci Numbers, Integer Compositions, and Nets of Antiprisms

All geometrically distinct nets (edge-unfoldings) are explicitly constructed for the infinite family of polyhedra known as uniform antiprisms. The Fibonacci numbers F2n are shown to count the numbe...
Juvenile Homicide Offenders: Classifications/Typologies

This chapter will provide an overview of the research related to the varied pathways of juvenile murderers and the identified correlating risk factors. Classifications based on psychological constructs, specific characteristics of the crime, and the victim-offender relationship will be examined. Most notable is Cornell’s typologies, which group offenders into crime-related, conflict-related, and psychotic-related groups, and the different risk factors associated with these groups. Differences in pathways with respect to female offenders, young offenders, parricide offenders, and mass shooters will be examined.
Chapter 2 – Basic issues

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the basic issues related to knowledge communication systems. Knowledge communication refers primarily to an instructional situation involving a tutoring system or a human teacher and a student, and the object of communication is knowledge or expertise in some domain. In the transition between CAI and ITS, the knowledge of the subject matter is historically the first aspect of a teacher's expertise to have been explicitly represented in systems. In traditional CAI, the expertise to be conveyed is contained in pre-stored presentation blocks, sometimes called frames, which are designed by an expert teacher and are simply displayed to the student under given conditions. In knowledge communication systems, there is a special module, often called the expert, that contains a representation of the knowledge to be communicated. The expert module fulfills a double function. On the one hand, it acts as the source for the knowledge to be presented. This includes generating explanations and responses to the student and tasks and questions. On the other hand, the expert module serves as a standard for evaluating the student's performance.