cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Child sexual behavior inventory: a comparison between Latino and normative samples of preschoolers.

There is a relative dearth of research examining normative sexual behavior in Latino preschool children, despite an increased presence of Latinos as a minority population in the United States. To meet this need, a sample of Latino mothers were asked to complete the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI; Friedrich et al., 1992) on their preschool-aged children (3 to 5 years old; n = 188). When their children's scores were compared to CSBI normative data, significant differences emerged. Compared to the normative sample, Latino boys and girls scored significantly higher on the sexual abuse specific items subscale, and Latino girls scored significantly higher on the developmentally related sexual behavior subscale. Possible cultural explanations for these elevations are explored.
Characterization of germ cell-specific expression of the orphan nuclear receptor, germ cell nuclear factor.

Nuclear receptors, such as those for androgens, estrogens, and progesterones, control many reproductive processes. Proteins with structures similar to these receptors, but for which ligands have not yet been identified, have been termed orphan nuclear receptors. One of these orphans, germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), has been shown to be germ cell specific in the adult and, therefore, may also participate in the regulation of reproductive functions. In this paper, we examine more closely the expression patterns of GCNF in germ cells to begin to define spatio-temporal domains of its activity. In situ hybridization showed that GCNF messenger RNA (mRNA) is lacking in the testis of hypogonadal mutant mice, which lack developed spermatids, but is present in the wild-type testis. Thus, GCNF is, indeed, germ cell specific in the adult male. Quantitation of the specific in situ hybridization signal in wild-type testis reveals that GCNF mRNA is most abundant in stage VII round spermatids. Similarly, Northern analys...
TU‐D‐303A‐01: Imaging Technologies — From Cells to Humans

Molecular Imaging is a promising new approach that facilitates early stage disease diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. It spans multiple technologies that range from low energy optical photons, to high energy ionizing radiation and from single cell analysis to small animals and whole body human imaging. The unifying concept is the use of specific molecular markers that are the signatures of the underlying molecular processes. In this presentation, we will discuss the design of technologies that are used for handling and detecting the full range of possible signal, some of their strengths and practical limitations, and will provide some examples of possible applications. We will start from optical imaging in the visible wavelength and its use in cell cultures and preclinical in‐vivo models. Further, we will discuss radionuclide technologies and their use for preclinical drug screening in the single cell level, to clinical human studies. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the origin of the created optical and radionuclide signal 2. Understand the nature of signal propagation in different media 3. Understand the detection limits of different imaging modalities
New observations on the anatomy of pleurotricha lanceolata.

SYNOPSIS. Studies that accounted for all the cilia and cirri in sample specimens from several populations of Pleurotricha Lanceolata show the extent to which ciliary and cirral patterns can vary within a species. It is suggested that these variations may account for some of the conflicting descriptions of this species in the literature.
Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among Hispanic Older Adults Living in Public Housing

The study explored determinants of depressive symptoms among 297 Hispanic older adults living in public housing (Mage = 76.0, SD = 7.74). Following a basic stress model, the focus was on the effects of demographic variables, risk factors (functional disability, self-perceived health, and acculturation), and social resources (network of relatives and network of friends). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that financial status, which was a significant predictor in the initial model, became non-significant when risk factors were taken into consideration. All three risk factors were found to be significant; depressive symptoms were predicted by greater levels of functional disability, more negative self-perceived health, and lower levels of acculturation. In the final model, networks of both relatives and friends were shown to be significant even after we controlled for the effects of demographics and risk factors. Findings discussed in the article were made in the context of culture and residential setting.
Wythoff pairs as semigroup invariants

Abstract For every integer n define a(n) = [no], b(n) = a(n) + n, and c(n) = a(n) − n, where [x] denotes the integral part of the real number x and o = (1 + √5) 2 is the golden ratio. Then the set of matrices T jl = c(j)−c(l) j−l a(j) j−l a(j)−a(l) b(j) 0 0 1 with j, l arbitrary integers is closed under multiplication. In view of the irregularities exhibited by the function a(n) this may not seem plausible. To obtain this result we will consider these matrices and some related matters from the point of view of semigroups. Moreover, we shall find various representations of this semigroup, and show that it has a rich internal structure.
Origin of both great vessels from the right ventricle associated with the trisomy-18 syndrome.

Origin of both great vessels from the right ventricle in association with a ventricular septal defect was found in seven of nine autopsied patients with the clinical features of the trisomy-18 syndrome. In four of these patients trisomy-18 was confirmed by chromosomal analyses. This experience indicates that origin of both great vessels from the right ventricle may in fact be an additional component of the trisomy-18 syndrome. Human Genetics, for chromosomal analyses and for consultation.
Measurement of immunoglobulin G, A and M concentrations in boar seminal plasma

Abstract How the immune system relates to the boar reproductive tract is not well defined. This is an important area of study because disease-causing agents may be transmitted through boar semen. We have previously identified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in boar semen and wanted to identify PRRSV-specific antibodies within seminal plasma. However, literature documenting total immunoglobulin concentration or the predominant immunoglobulin isotype in boar semen was not available. Therefore, we developed a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to quantitate total IgG, IgA and IgM in seminal plasma from 16 healthy, nonvaccinated, adult boars (n= 102 semen samples). In seminal plasma, IgG was the predominant isotype followed by IgA and IgM. Mean levels ± the standard deviation followed by the 95% confidence interval of IgG, IgA and IgM were 23.2 ± 14 μg/mL (15.5 to 31.0), 4.8 ± 2.5 μg/mL (3.5 to 6.2) and 3.7 ± 1.7 μg/mL (2.7 to 4.7), respectively. These concentrations of immunoglobulins in seminal plasma were considerably lower than in other swine secretions, which might allow for the survival of infectious agents in boar semen.
CubeSat sensors and constellation missions for advancing space science

The most significant advances in solar and space physics, or Heliophysics, over the next decade are most likely to derive from new observational techniques. The connection between advances in scientific understanding and technology has historically been demonstrated across many disciplines and time. Progress on some of the most compelling scientific problems will most likely occur through multipoint observations within the space environment to understand the coupling between disparate regions: Heliosphere, magnetosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere and mesosphere. Multipoint measurements are also needed to develop understanding of the various scalars or vector field signatures (i.e gradients, divergence) that arise from coupling processes that occur across temporal and spatial scales or within localized regions. The resources that are available over the next decades for all areas of Heliophysics research have limits and it is therefore important that the community be innovative in developing new observational techniques to advance science.
Control of Structure in Multicompartment Micelles by Blending μ-ABC Star Terpolymers with AB Diblock Copolymers

A unique multicompartment micelle, herein referred to as a “hamburger” micelle, was formed from a binary mixture of spherical micelles, formed from polyethylethylene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (EO) diblock copolymers, and segmented wormlike micelles, formed from μ-(polyethylethylene)(poly(ethylene oxide))(polyperfluoropropylene oxide) (μ-EOF) mikto-arm star terpolymers. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the evolution of micelle structure and size distribution as a function of annealing time, over the course of several months. Considering the extremely low critical micelle concentration of these amphiphilic copolymers, we propose that the micelle evolution was due to a collision/fusion/fission process. The long segmented wormlike micelles first fused with EO spherical micelles, followed by fission to progressively shorter micelles, which finally evolved into more stable hamburger micelles. Three elementary “reactions” were used to ...
A string pattern-matching algorithm

Abstract A string pattern-matching algorithm uses a character string, pattern , to search another character string, text , for the first or all occurrence(s) of the pattern in the text. This article presents a string patternmatching algorithm using a mapping table and an automaton. The number of states of the automaton is equal to the length of the pattern and its number of inputs is one more than the number of different characters in the pattern. During the search, when a mismatch occurs between a pattern character and a text character, the jump to the next position for comparison is made optimal based on the information in the automaton. For non case-sensitive pattern matching, the translation of cases is all done in the mapping table in linear time of the sum of the pattern length and the size of the alphabet; the search part does not do any translation. Experimental results confirm that the ratio of the number of characters inspected over the number of characters passed is better than that of the Boyer-Moore algorithm. The search loop is also very simple and machine independent. Therefore, the algorithm should appeal to anyone who needs a universal search routine that does not depend on statistics of characters.
Hierarchical electrode design of high-capacity alloy nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries

Summary Nanomaterials and engineering approaches to assemble these nanomaterials play critical roles in the success of next-generation of high-energy-density electrochemical energy storage devices. As an on-going effort to increase the cycle life and energy densities of lithium-ion batteries, high-capacity alloy anodes, such as silicon, tin, and their alloys have attracted considerable attention due to their high specific capacities (4200 mAh/g for Si, 994 mAh/g for Sn) compared to state-of-the-art graphite materials (372 mAh/g). These alloy materials are made into nano-size materials to achieve their full potential in capacity and life. The high-capacity material is assembled into a polymer laminate composite for a functional lithium-ion cell. However, these alloys experience a large volume change during lithiation and delithiation, which disturbs the electrode integrity, causing its mechanical failure, including delamination from the current collector and cracking of the electrode. Unlike the traditional approach to electrode architecture, new materials and approaches have been developed to assemble nanoparticles into hierarchical structures to achieve high capacity and performance. In this hierarchical approach, polymer electrode binders are a critical component to address the large volume change induced by the high specific capacity during lithiation and delithiation. We summarize the recent explosive development of polymer electrode binders for alloy nanomaterials assembly, along with the remaining challenges in this field.
Scaling Compensatory Restoration Under the 1990 Oil Pollution Act

ABSTRACT A major feature of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) is a requirement that compensation be resource-based. This paper discusses the implications of resource-based compensation and the...
Effect of strong promoters on the cloning in Escherichia coli of DNA fragments from Streptococcus pneumoniae

Attempts to clone wild-type DNA containing the malM gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae in plasmid pBR322 of Escherichia coli were unsuccessful. However, it was possible to clone a PstI fragment of DNA containing this gene in a plasmid of S. pneumoniae. Cells carrying the recombinant plasmid produced large amounts of the malM product, amylomaltase, and a fragment of the protein coded by the adjacent malX gene, apparently as a result of transcription in opposite directions from strong promoters located between the two genes in the plasmid insert. Under derepressed conditions these products represented 10% of the total protein. No transcription terminators appeared to be included within the cloned segment. The effect of various mutations in the segment on its ability to be cloned in pBR322 was examined. Of those tested, only a down promoter mutation that affected production of both the amylomaltase and the X-protein rendered the segment clonable in E. coli. Fragments of the S. pneumoniae vector, pMV158, which appear to lack strong promoters, were readily cloned in the pBR322-E. coli system. Although it is possible that large amounts of the X-fragment are toxic for E. coli, a more general explanation would be that excessive transcription of the pBR322 vector portion interferes with maintenance of the recombinant plasmid.
The Internet Diabetes Self-Management Workshop for American Indians and Alaska Natives:

Type 2 diabetes disproportionately affects American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). In the larger population, patient self-management has become an increasing focus of the health care system to help reduce the impact of diabetes. However, little is known about patient self-management programs designed for AI/ANs. This study reports on the feasibility of implementing the Stanford Internet Diabetes Self-Management Workshop within the AI/AN population using a participatory research approach. This is a continuation of self-management studies to assist in meeting the needs of both patients and the health care system for health services that are effective (evidence based), efficient, and culturally appropriate. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the effectiveness of an Internet-based diabetes patient self-management program among AI/ANs. This article reports on a pilot for a larger randomized study that is ongoing.
Fractionation of Nitrogen Isotopes on Mars: The Role of the Regolith as a Buffer

We have measured the adsorption of molecular nitrogen (N2) on palagonite, and modeled the adsorbed nitrogen inventory on the martian regolith. We were motivated by the fact that models of isotopic evolution predict stronger N2 fractionation than reported by Viking. Possible scenarios for reconciling models with the observation include a heavy CO2 atmosphere early in the planet's history, continued outgassing of N2 throughout the history of Mars, or a substantial adsorbed inventory. In this paper we investigate the plausibility of the last explanation. We find that the regolith reservoir of adsorbed N2 is inadequate by itself to buffer the atmospheric isotopic composition, but may play a role depending on the total regolith surface area available.
The science/technology interaction: Implications for science literacy

Science literacy includes understanding technology. This raises questions about the role of technology in science education as well as in general education. To explore these questions, this article begins with a brief history of technology education as it relates to science education and discusses how new conceptions of science and technological literacy are moving beyond the dichotomies that formerly characterized the relationship between science and technology education. It describes how Benchmarks for Science Literacy, the National Science Education Standards, and the Standards for Technological Literacy have been making a case for introducing technology studies into general education. Examples of specific technological concepts fundamental for science literacy are provided. Using one example from the design of structures, the article examines how understanding about design (i. e., understanding constraints, trade-offs, and failures) is relevant to science literacy. This example also raises teaching and learning issues, including the extent to which technology-based activities can address scientific and technological concepts. The article also examines how research can provide guides for potential interactions between science and technology and concludes with reflections on the changes needed, such as the creation of curriculum models that establish fruitful interactions between science and technology education, for students to attain an understanding of technology. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 715–729, 2001
Toward a General Modular Systems Theory and Its Application to Interfirm Product Modularity

Many systems migrate toward increasing or decreasing modularity, yet no explicit causal models exist to explain this process. In this article the author builds a general theory of modular systems, drawing on systems research from many disciplines, and then uses this general theory to derive a model of interfirm product modularity, including testable research propositions. The product model provides a valuable tool for predicting technological trajectories, and it demonstrates how the general theory can be applied to specific systems.
Modeling acute promyelocytic leukemia in the mouse: new insights in the pathogenesis of human leukemias.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the expansion of malignant myeloid cells blocked at the promyelocytic stage of differentiation and is associated with reciprocal chromosomal translocations always involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) gene on chromosome 17. As a consequence of the translocation, RARalpha variably fuses to the PML, PLZF, NPM, NuMA, and Stat5b genes (X genes), respectively, leading to the generation of RARalpha-X and X-RARalpha fusion genes. The aberrant chimeric proteins encoded by these genes, as well as the inactivation of the X and RARalpha functions, may exert a crucial role in leukemogenesis. To define the molecular genetics of APL and the contribution of each molecular event in APL pathogenesis, we have generated transgenic mice harboring X-RARalpha and/or RARalpha-X genes as well as mice where the various X genes have been inactivated by homologous recombination. Here we show that while the X-RARalpha fusion gene is crucial for leukemogenesis, the presence of RARalpha-X and the inactivation of X function are critical in modulating the onset as well as the phenotype of the leukemia.
Induced innovation and marginal cost of new technology

Abstract Lacking data on development and implementation costs for input-saving technologies, we develop a nonparametric procedure to estimate relative differences in marginal technology costs for technical change to be consistent with the induced innovation hypothesis. We apply it to U.S. agriculture.
Arc magmatism, calderas, and supervolcanoes

In the spectrum of volcanological phenomena, caldera-forming explosive volcanism enjoys significant interest from a broad swath of the geological community. Reasons for this interest include the facts that caldera-forming eruptions (CFEs) are associated with extreme hazard and environmental impact
Trends in Genetic Merit of Dairy Sires at Initial Proving

Abstract Initial Modified Contemporary Comparison sire summaries from 1974 through 1978 were studied for 16,791 dairy sires of six breeds. These sires were grouped into five classes. Sires sampled through artificial insemination units were in one group; natural service sires further classified by number of herds (1, 2 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7+) in the initial (first published) proof were in the other four groups. Initial Repeatabilities of the progeny test for sires in these five classes were about 40, 18, 23, 29, and 35%. Genetic merit (pedigree indexes and Predicted Differences) was increasing over the 5 yr. Regressions of either measure of merit on year sampled averaged 19 kg of milk and .6 kg of fat. Bulls sampled through artificial insemination organizations were superior to natural service bulls in pedigree index and initial Predicted Difference. Genetic merit of widely sampled natural service sires showed no consistent advantage over natural service sires sampled in single herds. The initial sire summaries were compared with the most recent summary through 1978. There was a slight tendency for later summaries to average higher for all classes of sires. Sires sampled by artificial insemination organizations were more likely to increase in Predicted Difference.
Antibacterial resistant bacteria in surficial sediments near salmon net-cage farms in Puget Sound, Washington

Abstract Antibacterials are used in medicated fish feed at fish farms located in Puget Sound, Washington. These compounds include oxytetracycline (OTC), amoxycillin, and Romet ® 30 (a drug composed of sulfadimethioxine and ormetoprim). In this study we collected surficial sediment samples at three different commercial salmon net-cage farms during the summer and early fall of 1992. The three different farms varied in their use of antibacterials. Before beginning our field investigation we developed a modification of Mueller Hinton Agar to enumerate antibacterial-resistant bacteria. A synthetic seawater was added at 70% concentration to Mueller Hinton Agar. Because the divalent cations present in seawater chelate OTC, the concentration of this antibacterial was increased in the seawater medium relative to concentrations typically used in clinical microbiology laboratories. We enumerated the total number of cultivable bacteria, and bacteria resistant to oxytetracycline, amoxycillin, or Romet ® 30 by plating aliquots of sediment samples onto the marine Mueller Hinton Agar. The highest numbers of bacteria (10 6 to 10 8 colony forming units g −1 ) were generally found nearest the net-cages with densities declining about an order-of-magnitude further away from the cages. Farm A, which used the greatest amount of antibacterials of the three farms, had the highest percentages of antibacterial-resistant bacteria in the sediments. At this Farm resistance to Romet ® 30 and OTC tended to parallel each other, suggesting either a common resistance mechanism or linkage of the genes responsible for the resistances. Farm C used the least amount of antibacterials and this was reflected in that this farm also had the lowest percentage of sedimentary bacteria that were resistant to the antibacterials. Although the total number of bacteria at Farm C was in a similar range as found at Farms A and B, the percentages of antibacterial resistant bacteria were 5% or less for most of the samples. Our results suggest that a background of less than 5% of the cultivable bacteria in marine sediments is resistant to OTC, Romet ® 30, or amoxycillin.
Novel Mechanical Actuation of a Modular Laparoscopic Surgical Tool

A functional analysis of current laparoscopic surgical technology prompted a redesign of the tools in order to provide multiple functionalities within a single tool. With this redesign came the need for a number of novel mechanisms to actuate and deploy functional tips to the surgical site from their storage locations. In this study we have adopted a multifaceted approach to biomedical device design: functional decomposition to determine problems with the current minimally invasive surgery paradigm, axiomatic design to ensure an efficient design, and quality function deployment to mathematically determine important design criteria. These methods were applied to the design of several novel mechanisms for achieving multifunctionality in a modular surgical instrument. The new actuation mechanism transfers squeezing motion from the hand through a gear train to the distal end of the tool where a pin-slot mechanism actuates the tool tip. The most pronounced change from current technology is the method for rotating the tool's shaft: rather than a rotary/rotary interaction using the index finger, a more ergonomic slider mechanism translates linear thumb motion into rotation of the tool's shaft through a gear train. Finally, rather than locking or unlocking the jaws of the tool using multiple trigger/ ratchet interaction, the new tool uses a binary ratcheting mechanism (similar to a retractable ballpoint pen) to lock or unlock the tool with only one motion. In addition to the actuation mechanisms, the methods for indexing functional tips within the tool and interfacing the tips with a lead screw were redesigned for a modular tool. Rotary indexing of the tool cartridge is done using a Geneva-type mechanism and cam/follower to provide positive locking once the tip is in place. Transferring the tool tip from the rotary chamber to contact the actuation/shuttling screw is accomplished using a screw/wedge assembly to ensure proper attachment. Each of these mechanisms is described and analyzed in detail to show the overall improvement in surgical performance of this novel tool. The benefits identified include multiple functionalities in a single tool, ergonomic benefits of an increased input/output force scaling, decreased out-of-plane motion required to rotate the tool's shaft, and decreased cognitive load required to lock and unlock the tool's jaws.
G-proteins are involved in riluzole inhibition of high voltage-activated calcium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons

Abstract Effects of riluzole on high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channels of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons were studied using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Riluzole at 30 μ M inhibited the HVA currents. The onset and offset of riluzole inhibitory effect were slow usually taking more than 3 min. Riluzole inhibition of the HVA currents was abolished and partially reduced by addition of 500 μ M GDP- β -S and 1 mM N -ethylmaleimide, respectively, to the pipette solution. Pre-treatment with pertussis toxin or application of depolarizing pre-pulses did not affect riluzole's inhibitory effect on the HVA currents. Riluzole inhibition of the HVA currents was also blocked by internal application of 50 μ g/ml protein kinase A inhibitory peptide. It was concluded that pertussis toxin-insensitive G-proteins and protein kinase A may be involved in riluzole inhibition of the HVA currents.
Toward a Unified Theory of Human Reasoning.

Abstract This article presents a unified theory of human reasoning. The goal of the theory is to specify what constitutes reasoning, as opposed to other psychological processes, and to characterize the psychological distinction between inductive and deductive reasoning. The theory views reasoning as the controlled and mediated application of three processes— selective encoding, selective comparison, and selective combination—to inferential rules. The first two of these processes are essentially inductive in nature; the third is essentially deductive. The theory describes these three processes, specifies the kinds of inferential rules and their use in several reasoning tasks, and specifies the mediators that affect how well the processes can be applied to the rules. The theory is shown to apply to a variety of reasoning tasks and is compared to other theories as well.
Determination of vanillin and related flavor compounds in natural vanilla extracts and vanilla-flavored foods by thin layer chromatography and automated multiple development

Thin layer chromatography on silica gel high performance layers and automated multiple development was used to separate the polar aromatic flavor compounds vanillin, ethyl vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, vanillic acid, coumarin, piperonal, anisic acid, and anisaldehyde commonly found in extracts of natural and artificial vanilla flavors. The ratio of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillic acid to vanillin in natural vanilla extracts was used to confirm the authenticity of extracts purchased in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Natural vanilla extracts purchased in Mexico and Puerto Rico were identified as counterfeit products based on changes in the above ratio and the presence of synthetic flavor compounds such as ethyl vanillin and coumarin. It is also demonstrated that the proposed method is suitable for the determination of natural and synthetic vanilla flavors in solvent extracts from food, beverage and confectionery products. The main advantage of thin layer chromatography for the analysis of vanilla extracts and food stuffs flavored with vanilla is its high sample throughput since sample preparation requirements are minimal and multiple samples can be separated simultaneously.
Communicating with potential adolescent suicides through poetry

Abstract The poet, through the exploration of his own inner space and time, becomes a specialist in those inner experiences called dreams, images, visions, reverie, memory, and hallucination. This is why the poet has always had affinity for both the child and the madman—both victims of the denial and repression of self fostered by family, school, and society. (Berger, 1973, p. 175)
The Annual Cycle in Equatorial Convection and Sea Surface Temperature

The coupled atmosphere-ocean system in the equatorial eastern Pacific and Atlantic exhibits a distinct annual cycle that is reflected in contrasting conditions at the times of the two equinoxes. The contrasts are so strong that they dominate the annual march of zonally averaged outgoing long wave radiation for the equatorial belt. The March equinox corresponds to the warm season when the equatorial cold tongues in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic area absent. With the onset of summer monsoon convection over Colombia, Central America, and West Africa in May-June, northward surface winds strengthen over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic, the equatorial cold tongues reappear, and the marine convection shifts from the equatorial belt to the intertropical convergence zones (ITCZs) along 8 deg N. On the basis of observational evidence concerning the timing and year-to-year regularity of the surface wind changes during the development of the cold tongues, it is argued that (1) the increase in the northward surface winds in response to the onset of the northern summer monsoon may be instrumental in reestablishing the cold tongues, and (2) positive feedbacks involving both the zonal and meridional wind components contribute to the remarkable robustness of the cold tongue-ITCZs complexes in both oceans.
Epidemiological Trends in Malignant Lacrimal Gland Tumors

ObjectiveTo describe epidemiological trends in lacrimal gland malignancies in the United States.Study DesignRetrospective database review.SettingMulticenter registry.Subjects and MethodsA total of 702 malignant tumors of the lacrimal gland from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included in the study. Disease-specific and overall survival were the primary outcome measures. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated for multiple patient and tumor characteristics, including race, histology, TNM tumor stage, age at diagnosis, radiotherapy, gender, and tumor grade. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to assess the impact of patient and tumor characteristics on survival.ResultsLymphoma (58.0%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (13.4%), adenocarcinoma (3.8%), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (3.6%) accounted for most tumors. Lymphoma was associated with more favorable survival rates, while adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were associated with w...
Guaranteed authenticity and integrity of data from untrusted servers

Data are often stored at untrusted database servers. The lack of trust arises naturally when the database server is owned by a third party, as in the case of cloud computing. It also arises if the server may have been compromised, or there is a malicious insider. Ensuring the trustworthiness of data retrieved from such untrusted database is of utmost importance. Trustworthiness of data is defined by faithful execution of valid and authorized transactions on the initial data. Earlier work on this problem is limited to cases where data are either not updated, or data are updated by a single trustworthy entity. However, for a truly dynamic database, multiple clients should be allowed to update data without having to route the updates through a central server. In this demonstration, we present a system to establish authenticity and integrity of data in a dynamic database where the clients can run transactions directly on the database server. Our system provides provable authenticity and integrity of data with absolutely no requirement for the server to be trustworthy. Our system also provides assured provenance of data. This demonstration is built using the solutions proposed in our previous work[5]. Our system is built on top of Oracle with no modifications to the database internals. We show that the system can be easily adopted in existing databases without any internal changes to the database. We also demonstrate how our system can provide authentic provenance.
HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY PRESENTING AS STATUS EPILEPTICUS IN A THREE YEAR OLD

Abstract Background Hypertensive encephalopathy is one of the few neurologic emergencies in which prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent permanent neurological damage. This syndrome is rarely seen in children. Objectives To discuss the recognition of hypertensive encephalopathy as a cause of acute neurological changes in children. Case Report We present the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented to the Emergency Department with seizures due to hypertensive encephalopathy. A review of the literature on the subject follows the case report. Conclusions Hypertensive encephalopathy is a rare cause of acute neurological changes in children that can cause permanent damage if not recognized early. This case illustrates the importance of considering this syndrome as a potential cause of neurological symptoms, especially as neuroimaging can initially be misleading.
Studies of physics conditions for aneutronic and/or nonradioactive nuclear energy generation in 3He-induced fission of 6Li and 3He fusion in a steady state migma plasma☆

Abstract The physical properties of a steady state migma plasma consisting of reacting 3 He, 6 Li, and d nuclei with densities n ∼ 10 14 cm −3 and energies of 0.1–10 MeV, which corresponds to β ≥ 0.9, were studied using a zero-dimensional collisional model and simulated by an iterative code on a CRAY computer (β does not have the same physical meaning here as in thermal plasmas). We conclude that if migma plasma can achieve the density currently attained in thermal plasma devices (n ∼ 10 14 cm −3 ), it will produce net energy through radionuclide-free aneutronic nuclear reactions with a power density of ∼ 20 MW th /m 3 . Specifically: synchrotron radiation looses from multi-MeV migma are ∼10 3 times lower than those from thermal plasma of the same density n ∼ 10 14 cm −3 . We obtained a positive energy balance for the neutronless and radionuclide-free quasi-chain fission of 6 Li, and the pure 3 He fusion, with a “scientific” power output-to-input ratio Q = 1.7, as compared to the Q ∼ 10 −3 obtained in thermal plasma. The radionuclide fraction or “radioactivity” R = I rad / I t and a neutron power fraction or “neutronicism” N = P n / P nuc are R = 0.5%, N = 2% for (a) and R = N = 0.0% for (b). For in migma, we obtain Q ∼ ∞, R = 0.5%, and N = 3.5%. Our results suggest that in the next stage of simulation, the 3-component fuel d + 3 He + 6 Li should be used to obtain high Q and, simultaneously, low R and N . For nonradioactive aneutronic migma: (a) bitemperature migma is essential; ignition is not possible in a Maxwellian system; (b) nor is ignition possible in a closed system (end looses are essential); (c) the diamagnetic well is essential; (d) the system must confine ions up to E i = 10 MeV (15 MeV for D- 3 He protons); and (e) migma does not become thermalized, which makes a steady state reactor operation feasible.
Articular and ligamentous contributions to the stability of the elbow joint

This preliminary study of four elbow specimens investigates the relationship of articular geometry and ligamentous structures in providing stability to the elbow joint. A technique is presented that describes the constraining features of varus-valgus and distraction in extension and at 90 degree of elbow flexion. Valgus stability is equally divided among the medial collateral ligament, anterior capsule, and bony articulation in full extension; whereas, at 90 degrees of flexion the contribution of the anterior capsule is assumed by the medial collateral ligament which provides approximately 55% of the stabilizing contribution to valgus stress. Varus stress is noted to be resisted primarily by the anterior capsule (32%) and the joint articulation (55%) with only a small (14%) contribution from the radial collateral ligament. At 90 degrees of flexion, little change is noted in the contribution to the radial collateral ligament (9%), but the anterior capsule offers only 13%, with the remaining stability (75%) arising from the joint articulation. In extension, the soft tissue resistance to distraction is provided minimally by either the radial (5%) or the medial (5%) collateral ligaments, and thus primarily originates from the anterior capsule (85%). At 90 degrees of flexion, however, the capsule offers virtually no resistance to distraction (8%). The radial collateral ligament contributes 10% of the stability, while the medial collateral ligament accounts for 78% of the resistance to distraction in this position. Too few specimens have been studied to form any conclusions for direct clinical applications at this time. However, the technique provides a reliable tool with additional studies for different positions and loading conditions underway. These efforts should disclose useful information that might be applied to the management of chronic elbow instability, radial head or olecranon fracture, the design and implantation of elbow prostheses, or provide a rationale for other reconstructive procedures.
Alleviating Sensor Position Error in Source Localization Using Calibration Emitters at Inaccurate Locations

A previous study shows that the use of a calibration emitter whose position is known exactly can significantly reduce the loss in time differences of arrival (TDOA) based source localization accuracy when the available sensor positions have random errors. This paper extends the previous work to a more practical scenario where the exact position of a calibration emitter is not known. By modeling the calibration position error as additive Gaussian noise, the amount of reduction in localization accuracy due to calibration position error is derived through Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analysis. In addition, the analysis also affirms the previous studies on Bayesian sensor network localization that it remains possible to improve the localization accuracy even if the calibration position is completely unknown. Next, a performance analysis illustrates that the penalty could be very high if one simply pretends the calibration position is accurate and ignores its error. A closed-form solution is then developed by accounting for the calibration position error and it is proved analytically to reach the CRLB accuracy when the sensor and calibration position errors are small relative to the distance between the calibration emitter and the sensor. Finally, the results are generalized to the case where multiple calibration emitters are available. When deploying multiple calibration emitters, although their positions may not be known exactly, we show that it is possible to completely eliminate the sensor position error and recover the best localization accuracy that is limited by the measurement noise in TDOAs only. All the theoretical developments are corroborated by simulations.
The Influence of a Local Swirl Ratio on Tornado Intensification near the Surface

Abstract The results of high-resolution, fully three-dimensional, unsteady simulations of the interaction of a tornado with the surface are presented. The goal is to explore some of the range of structures that should be expected to occur in nature within the tornadic “corner flow”—that region where the central vortex meets the surface. The most important physical variables considered are the tornado-scale circulation and horizontal convergence, the effective surface roughness, the tornado translation speed, the low-level inflow structure, and the upper-core structure. A key ingredient of the corner flow dynamics is the radial influx of fluid in the surface layer with low angular momentum relative to that of the fluid in the main vortex above it. This low swirl fluid arises initially from outside or below the larger-scale vortex or through frictional loss of angular momentum to the surface and forms much of the vortex core flow after it exits the corner flow region. Changes in the surface layer inflow or ...
Enhanced stochastic, subharmonic, and ultraharmonic energy harvesting

Nonlinear bistable systems have been shown to provide improved efficiency for harvesting energy from random and broadband vibration sources. This article explores the distinct frequency response in the broadened spectrum of a par- ticular nonlinear energy harvester, a piezoelectric cantilever with magnetic coupling. The cantilever response evolves dynamically with frequency around the main cantilever resonance. Both stochastic and multifrequency vibration responses are observed and account for some of the improved efficiency. In addition, subharmonics and ultraharmonics of the main resonance, along with various combinations of these, appear. An analytical model of the bistable dynamics produces results consistent with those observed experimentally. Overall, four distinct types of efficiency improvements appear, in which the signal is amplified above the noncoupled cantilever response: (a) ultraharmonic amplification below resonance frequency, (b) stochastic amplifications in multifrequency and multiamplitude oscillations, (c) ultrasubharmonic amplification, and (d) subharmonic amplification. Taken together, the stochastic, subharmonic, and ultraharmonic responses produce an average of threefold to fivefold increase in voltage production.
Electron nuclear dynamics of H+ + H2O collisions

Proton water collisions at 46 eV in the center of mass frame are studied within the electron nuclear dynamics theory (END). The electronic degrees of freedom are described with a coherent state formulation of determinantal wavefunctions. The nuclei are treated as classical particles but full nonadiabatic couplings are retained. The equations of motion are formulated in a generalized phase space and bypass the use of preconstructed potential energy surfaces. Differential cross sections for inelastic and electron transfer reactions as well as energy transfer are compared with experiment. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Development of an Observer Rating Scale for Caregiver Communication in Persons with Alzheimer's Disease

There have been few reported studies of communication between spouses with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia. An observer rating scale for verbal and nonverbal behavior, Verbal-Nonverbal Interaction Scale for Caregivers (VNVIS-CG), was developed to study caregiver communication in couples affected by AD. Preliminary psychometric testing showed that the VNVIS-CG evidenced good reliability and validity. Researchers observed both common caregiver communication strategies and novel strategies that have not been reported in the literature. In future studies, researchers can examine the relationship between caregiver communication and indicators of mental health. Everyday conversations provide fertile ground for nurses to influence family relationships. Nurses can teach caregivers to use strategies that promote engagement and avoid those that discourage participation.
Remarks on the article of Hadas et al.: Transmission of chimeric HIV by mating in conventional mice: prevention by pre-exposure antiretroviral therapy and reduced susceptibility during estrus

We read with interest the recent paper by Hadas et al., titled “Transmission of chimeric HIV by mating in conventional mice: prevention by pre-exposure antiretroviral therapy and reduced susceptibility during estrus”, first published online on July 25, 2013 (ahead of print) in Disease Models &
Correlations for adsorption of a binary gas mixture on a heterogeneous adsorbent—the methane‐ethane‐silica gel system

Correlations for the adsorption of a binary gas mixture on a heterogeneous adsorbent have been developed for both mobile and immobile models. Experiments determined the form for the expression of the surface heterogeneity, and only one dimensionless constant for the molecular size was required. The correlations were tested by experimental data on the system methane-ethane-silica gel. For the same amount of adsorption the root-mean-square deviation of calculated versus experimental fugacity ranged from 4.1 to 5.2% for methane and from 2.7 to 3.4% for ethane at 5.0, 15.0, 25.0, and 35.0°C. for surface coverage ranging from zero to monolayer and for the complete composition range. The system at these conditions is classified as highly mobile based on examination of spreading pressure curves, both experimental and calculated based on the correlations.
Exploring the demand for a voluntary medicare prescription drug benefit

The purposes of this study were (1) to assess the utility of the economic theory of demand for insurance for modeling voluntary Medicare drug benefit enrollment decisions and (2) to explore the degree of adverse selection and crowd-out that might occur under a voluntary enrollment Medicare prescription benefit. Data were collected using a cross-sectional, mail survey of 2,100 community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older in Wisconsin. Respondents were asked to evaluate their likelihood of enrollment in any of 4 hypothetical drug benefit plans under the assumption that they could enroll in one of the hypothetical plans or maintain their current coverage. Data analyses included bivariate comparisons across enrollment likelihood categories and logit analysis of enrollment likelihood as a function of respondent characteristics. 1041 usable survey forms were returned for an adjusted response rate of 51.5%. Older adults with 4 or more chronic conditions were most likely to report that they were “very likely” to enroll in one of the hypothetical drug plans, as were those with the highest out-of-pocket drug spending in the previous 30 days. Respondents with no or self-purchased drug benefits were more likely than those with employer-based plans to express a higher likelihood of enrollment in one of the hypothetical plans. Adverse selection may be problematic for a voluntary enrollment Medicare drug benefit. Given that high out-of-pocket drug spending (secondary to drug coverage source) was a consistent predictor of enrollment likelihood, demand-side factors affecting the crowding out of employer-based drug coverage sources by a voluntary enrollment drug benefit appear minimal. However, the availability of a Medicare prescription benefit may still lead to crowd-out through employer incentives.