cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REPAIR OF SLAB-COLUMN CONNECTIONS USING EPOXY AND CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER

Repair, strengthening, and retrofit of reinforced and prestressed concrete members have become increasingly important issues as the World's infrastructure deteriorates with time. Buildings and bridges are often in need of repair or strengthening to accommodate larger live loads as traffic and building occupancies change. In addition, inadequate design and detailing for seismic and other severe natural events has resulted in considerable structural damage and loss of life, particularly in reinforced concrete buildings. Numerous buildings and bridges suffer damage during such events and need to be repaired. The use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite fabric bonded to the surface of concrete members is comparatively simple, quick, and virtually unnoticeable after installation. The use of composites has become routine for increasing both the flexural and shear capacities of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams. Earthquake retrofit of bridge and building structures has relied increasingly on composite wrapping of columns, beams, and joints to provide confinement and increase ductility. This article presents the results of cyclic testing of three large-scale reinforced concrete slab-column connections. Each of the specimens was a half-scale model of an interior slab-column connection common to flat-slab buildings. The specimens were reinforced according to ACI-318 code requirements and included slab shear reinforcement. While supporting a slab gravity load equivalent to dead load plus 30 percent of the live load, the specimens were subjected to an increasing cyclic lateral loading protocol up to 5 percent lateral drift. The specimens were subjected to the same loading protocol after they were repaired with epoxy crack sealers and CFRP sheet on the surfaces of the slab. Repair with epoxy and CFRP on the top surface of the slab was able to restore both initial stiffness and ultimate strength of the original specimen.
Extensions of the Markov chain marginal bootstrap

Abstract The Markov chain marginal bootstrap (MCMB) was introduced by He and Hu [2002. Markov chain marginal bootstrap. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 97(459) (2002) 783–795] as a bootstrap-based method for constructing confidence intervals or regions for a wide class of M-estimators in linear regression and maximum likelihood estimators in certain parametric models. In this article we discuss more general applications of MCMB- A , an extension of the MCMB algorithm, which was first proposed in Kocherginsky et al. [2005. Practical confidence intervals for regression quantiles. J. Comput. Graphical Statist. 14, 41–55] for quantile regression models. We also present a further extension of the MCMB algorithm, the B -transformation, which is a transformation of the estimating equations, aiming to broaden the applicability of the MCMB algorithm to general estimating equations that are not necessarily likelihood-based. We show that applying the A - and B -transformations jointly enables the MCMB algorithm to be used for inference related to a very general class of estimating equations. We illustrate the use of the MCMB- AB algorithm with a nonlinear regression model with heteroscedastic error distribution.
Ecological Role of Phormidium retzii (Cyanobacteria) in a Small Ohio Woodland Stream

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to document the ecology and phenology of Phormidium retzii (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) in a North American woodland stream. A variety of chemical/physical parameters were measured including nutrient levels, pH, percent cover, and carbon and nitrogen content of the mats. Samples of the microbial community (algae and cyanobacteria) were removed and identified from sites with and without P. retzii mats. During the growing season progressed in both years, P. retzii cover increased but was not significantly (p>0.05) correlated with any measured environmental chemical/physical parameter. However, cover was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with an increase in the carbon content and decrease in carbon/nitrogen ratio of P. retzii mats. Totals of 81 and 89 microbial taxa were identified from subsamples with and without P. retzii mats, respectively. Diatoms constituted the most diverse taxa, while the overall communities were significantly (p<0.05) different from each other.
Characterization of Thrombate III®, a pasteurized and nanofiltered therapeutic human antithrombin concentrate.

Abstract Thrombate III® is a highly purified antithrombin concentrate that has been used by clinicians worldwide for more than two decades for the treatment of hereditary antithrombin deficiency. The manufacturing process is based on heparin-affinity chromatography and pasteurization. To modernize the process and to further enhance the pathogen safety profile of the final product, despite the absence of infectious disease transmission, a nanofiltration step was added. The biochemical characterization and pathogen safety evaluation of Thrombate III® manufactured using the modernized process are presented. Bioanalytical data demonstrate that the incorporation of nanofiltration has no impact on the antithrombin content, potency, and purity of the product. Scaledown models of the manufacturing process were used to assess virus and prion clearance under manufacturing setpoint conditions. Additionally, robustness of virus clearance was evaluated at or slightly outside the manufacturing operating limits. The results demonstrate that pasteurization inactivated both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The addition of nanofiltration substantially increased clearance capacities for both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses by approximately 4–6 log10. In addition, the process achieves 6.0 log10 ID50 prion infectivity clearance. Thus, the introduction of nanofiltration increased the pathogen safety margin of the manufacturing process without impacting the key biochemical characteristics of the product.
Spirit Possession: Modernity and Power in Africa

Spirit Possession: Modernity and Power in Africa. Heike Behrend and Ute Luig. eds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999. vi. 170 pp., figures, photographs, index.
Treatment of cancers involving the liver and porta hepatis with external beam irradiation and intraarterial hepatic fluorodeoxyuridine

Abstract A Phase I/II clinical trial was designed for patients with malignancies of the liver and porta hepatis. This protocol employed three concepts: a) boost treatment to gross tumor within the liver for selected patients, determined by the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the normal liver that would be irradiated by boost treatment; b) concurrent use of intraarterial hepatic 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) as a radiosensitizer; and c) hyperfractionation (1.5 Gy fractions given bid > 4 hr apart). This report describes the results of treatment of the first 33 patients entered onto this study, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Twenty patients received only whole liver irradiation (33 Gy). Thirteen patients were treated with whole liver irradiation (30 Gy) plus a 15 Gy (6 patients) or 30 Gy (7 patients) boost (total 45 Gy and 60 Gy to the tumor, respectively). Forty-eight percent of the evaluable patients (1429) had an objective response, based on CT scan. The median duration of response was 8 months. The chief toxicities were fatigue, nausea, gastritis, and diarrhea, which were ≤grade 2 in severity. Two patients developed mild radiation hepatitis which was treated successfully with diuretics. These data suggest that the treatment of intrahepatic malignancies can be guided by the concept of DVH analysis of the normal liver to allow the safe administration of doses of radiation that are potentially tumoricidal and are well above those that would be predicted to be tolerable for the whole liver.
Actions Speak Louder than Words: Close Relationships between Humans and Nonhuman Animals

Symbolic interactionism and other sociological perspectives traditionally have not attended to a significant form of close relationship—that which exists between people and the companion animals with whom they share their everyday lives. After a brief presentation of a portion of the relevant literature that deals with how humans understand and interact with their animal companions, I present the process by which caretakers come to define the unique identities of their animals and the ways in which the human-animal couple identity shapes public interaction. Since play, mutual gaze, and “speaking for” animals are key elements of friendly human-animal interaction, I discuss these activities as central to the process by which caretakers establish and express intersubjective connections with their animals. Finally, I maintain that attention to human-animal relationships holds promise for advancing an appreciative understanding of how personhood, mind, and culture are constructed in the process of interaction. Of special significance to the broadening of the interactionist perspective is that the understandings and emotional connections that bind people and their animals are created and maintained in the absence of a shared body of linguistic symbols.
Consuming Histories The Return of the Indian in Neoliberal El Salvador

This article investigates the sudden rise of indigenous activist politics after the end of El Salvador's civil war in 1992. It argues that an important unspoken element of what returns with the Indian is the revolutionary desire that animated the social struggles of the civil war and before. Approaching the question of Salvadoran indigenous activism this way directs attention away from risky practices of defining authenticity to consider instead the complicated forms of subjectivity through which people live in the racialized space of Salvadoran mestizaje.
Modular Counting of Rational Points over Finite Fields

Let Fq be the finite field of q elements, where q = ph. Let f(x) be a polynomial over Fq in n variables with m nonzero terms. Let N(f) denote the number of solutions of f(x) = 0 with coordinates in Fq. In this paper we give a deterministic algorithm which computes the reduction of N(f) modulo pb in O(n(8m)p(h+b)p) bit operations. This is singly exponential in each of the parameters {h, b, p}, answering affirmatively an open problem proposed by Gopalan, Guruswami, and Lipton.
On water security, sustainability, and the water-food-energy-climate nexus

The role of water security in sustainable development and in the nexus of water, food, energy and climate interactions is examined from the starting point of the definition of water security offered by Grey and Sadoff. Much about the notion of security has to do with the presumption of scarcity in the resources required to meet human needs. The treatment of scarcity in mainstream economics is in turn examined, therefore, in relation to how each of us as individuals reconciles means with ends, a procedure at the core of the idea of sustainable development. According to the Grey-Sadoff definition, attaining water security amounts to achieving basic, single-sector water development as a precursor of more general, self-sustaining, multi-sectoral development. This is consistent with the way in which water is treated as “first among equals”, i.e. privileged, in thinking about what is key in achieving security around the nexus of water, food, energy and climate. Cities, of course, are locations where demands for these multiple resource-energy flows are increasingly being generated. The paper discusses two important facets of security, i.e., diversity of access to resources and services (such as sanitation) and resilience in the behavior of coupled human-built-natural systems. Eight quasi-operational principles, by which to gauge nexus security with respect to city buildings and infrastructure, are developed.
100,000-year-long terrestrial record of millennial-scale linkage between eastern North American mid-latitude paleovegetation shifts and Greenland ice-core oxygen isotope trends

Abstract We document frequent, rapid, strong, millennial-scale paleovegetation shifts throughout the late Pleistocene, within a 100,000+ yr interval (~ 115–15 ka) of terrestrial sediments from the mid-Atlantic Region (MAR) of North America. High-resolution analyses of fossil pollen from one core locality revealed a continuously shifting sequence of thermally dependent forest assemblages, ranging between two endmembers: subtropical oak-tupelo-bald cypress-gum forest and high boreal spruce-pine forest. Sedimentary textural evidence indicates fluvial, paludal, and loess deposition, and paleosol formation, representing sequential freshwater to subaerial environments in which this record was deposited. Its total age–depth model, based on radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence ages, ranges from terrestrial oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 6 to 1. The particular core sub-interval presented here is correlative in trend and timing to that portion of the oxygen isotope sequence common among several Greenland ice cores: interstades GI2 to GI24 (≈ OIS2–5 d). This site thus provides the first evidence for an essentially complete series of ‘Dansgaard–Oeschger’ climate events in the MAR. These data reveal that the ~ 100,000 yr preceding the Late Glacial and Holocene in the MAR of North America were characterized by frequently and dynamically changing climate states, and by vegetation shifts that closely tracked the Greenland paleoclimate sequence.
STRENGTH OF DRUG HABITS: FOR HEROIN, MORPHINE, METHADONE, ALCOHOL, BARBITURATES, PENTOBARBITAL, BENZEDRINE, COCAINE, AND MARIJUANA

The drug habits for 78 confirmed opiate addicts were studied on eight scales from the Process Association Test of Addiction (PATA) for many drug names. Through cluster analysis eight stages of addiction were defined: "to be clean", "to learn about drugs", "to hustle", "to chip" (also "to be high"), to be psychologically dependent or "to need a shot", "to be hooked" "to kick a habit" and "to be in treatment". Associations stimulated by the words heroin and morphine were very similar over the eight stages of addiction in opiate addicts. The subjects were especially inclined to associate morphine and heroin with the most severe level of addiction, "to be hooked". Associations to both methadone and cocaine were elevated at the "hooked" stage, but in other respects associations to these drugs were opposite. Thus, associations to cocaine were focused on the stage of psychological dependence and the lower intermediate stage of addiction, "to chip" and "to be high", whereas associations to methadone suggested a turning away from addiction as indicated by avoidance associations ("to come down" and "to kick a habit") as well as associations to "treatment" and "to be clean". Marijuana, Benzedrine, "goofball" (barbiturates) and alcohol habits were prominent at an intermediate stage of addiction ("to chip" and "to be high"). Avoidance associations were common for Benzedrine and "goofballs" (also pentobarbital) but not for marijuana or alcohol. "Hustling" associations were frequent for marijuana but not for alcohol.
High-Resolution Infrared Imaging of Neptune from the Keck Telescope

Abstract We present results of infrared observations of Neptune from the 10-m W. M. Keck I Telescope, using both high-resolution (0.04 arcsecond) broadband speckle imaging and conventional imaging with narrowband filters (0.6 arcsec resolution). The speckle data enable us to track the size and shape of infrared-bright features (“storms”) as they move across the disk and to determine rotation periods for latitudes −30 and −45°. The narrowband data are input to a model that allows us to make estimates of Neptune's stratospheric haze abundance and the size of storm features. We find a haze column density of ∼10 6 cm −2 for a haze layer located in the stratosphere, and a lower limit of 10 7 cm −2 and an upper limit of 10 9 cm −2 for a layer of 0.2 μm particles in the troposphere. We also calculate a lower limit of 7×10 6 km 2 for the size of a “storm” feature observed on 13 October 1997.
The perceived effect of breakdown and repair on the performance of multiprocessor systems

Abstract It is argued that classical measures of computer system performance, for example mean response time, are inadequate in the context of fault-tolerant system design. Alternative, perception-based measures are proposed and theorems established describing their properties. Focus is directed upon the homogeneous M/M/ m system in which total processor power is constrained by budget and processors are subject to failure and repair. A numerical technique for extracting both classical and perception-based measures from the associated two-dimensional Markov process is offered, along with bounds on time and space required for its execution. It is seen that the perception-based approach to system design can call for twice as many processors as the classical approach.
Xenon record of the early Solar System

We suggest that xenon isotopes in meteorites and in outer regions of the Sun contain debris from a supernova which exploded in the vicinity of the present Solar System, and we conclude that xenon in the outer planets is enriched in this supernova debris.
The Role of Natural History Museums in the Promotion of Sustainable Development

The first and foremost goal of the International Council of Museums (ICOM), as set forth in its ten‐year development programme, is ‘to support museums as instruments of social and cultural developm...
Male Rats Secrete Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone Episodically

We studied the temporal aspects of endocrine signaling between the pituitary gland and testes by measuring moment to moment changes in blood LH and testosterone levels in individual male rats. Each rat was fitted with an indwelling vascular cannula, and blood was withdrawn every 5 min for 8–12 h. Rats were maintained throughout the intensive blood-sampling period with an isotonic blood replacement mixture containing rat red blood cells and a human plasma protein preparation. LH and testosterone measurements were made in plasma volumes of 50 and 60 μl. Most rats released LH in well defined pulses, characterized by a rapid increase in plasma LH within 5–10 min and a gradual decline lasting for the next 50–70 min. LH pulses occurred singly or in trains of two to four. Episodes of testosterone secretion spanned 3–6 h and were marked by a slowly graded rise and fall of plasma testosterone. In several instances, testosterone episodes were preceded (1–2 h) by a train of closely coupled LH pulses. Within a partic...
Ascent into darkness: German Himalaya expeditions and the National Socialist quest for high-altitude flight

This paper, via a detailed investigation of the lives and careers of scientists Dr Hans Hartmann, Dr Ulrich Cameron Luft, and Dr Bruno Balke, explores the relationship between high-altitude physiology research conducted on several 1930s German Himalaya expeditions and the efforts of the (National Socialist) German Luftwaffe at achieving high-altitude flight.
Representations and decision rules in the theory of self-deception

Self-deception is a powerful but overapplied theory. It is adaptive only when a deception-detecting audience is in the loop, not when an inaccurate representation is invoked as an internal motivator. First, an inaccurate representation cannot be equated with self-deception, which entails two representations, one inaccurate and the other accurate. Second, any motivational advantages are best achieved with an adjustment to the decision rule on when to act, not with a systematic error in an internal representation.
Oracle Inequalities for Efromovich–Pinsker Blockwise Estimates

Oracle inequality is a relatively new statistical tool for the analysis of nonparametric adaptive estimates. Oracle is a good pseudo-estimate that is based on both data and an underlying estimated curve. An oracle inequality shows how well an adaptive estimator mimics the oracle for a particular underlying curve. The most advanced oracle inequalities have been recently obtained by Cavalier and Tsybakov (2001) for Stein type blockwise estimates used in filtering a signal from a stationary white Gaussian process. The authors also conjecture that a similar result can be obtained for Efromovich–Pinsker (EP) type blockwise estimators where their approach, based on Stein's formula for risk calculation, does not work. This article proves the conjecture and extends it upon more general models which include not stationary and dependent processes. Other possible extensions, a discussion of practical implications and a numerical study are also presented.
Estimation of flavin-containing monooxygenase activities in crude tissue preparations by thiourea-dependent oxidation of thiocholine.

Abstract The activity of flavin-containing monooxygenases in microsomes and whole homogenates is readily estimated by following the thiourea-dependent oxidation of thiocholine. NADPH- and oxygen-dependent flavin-containing monooxygenases catalyze the oxidation of thiourea to formamidine sulfenic acid, which oxidizes thiocholine to thiocholine disulfide. The latter reaction is quite rapid and never rate limiting even at concentrations of thiocholine below 30 μ m . The loss of thiocholine in deproteinized aliquots of the reaction medium is measured colorimetrically with the thiol reagent, DTNB [5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)]. In the absence of thiourea, thiocholine is not oxidized and its disulfide is not reduced at a detectable rate even in reactions containing 4–5 mg of liver or kidney homogenate protein per milliliter. In all tissues where both can be measured, rates of thiocholine oxidation and N,N -dimethylaniline N-oxygenation were virtually identical, which suggests that both activities are catalyzed by the same monooxygenase.
Kinetic Studies of Migratory Insertion Reactions at the (1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)Pd(II) Center and Their Relationship to the Alternating Copolymerization of Ethylene and Carbon Monoxide

The quantitative details of three migratory insertion processes relevant to the copolymerization of ethylene and CO by the highly active (dppp)Pd(II)-based catalyst have been examined. Cationic Pd(II) intermediates generated at low temperatures and characterized by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy include (dppp)Pd(C2H4)(R)+ (R = −CH3, −CH2CH3), 6 and 7; (dppp)Pd(CO)(R)+ (R = −CH3, −CH2CH3), 8 and 11; and (dppp)Pd(C2H4)(COCH3)+, 13. Kinetic studies of the migratory insertion reactions of these species established the following activation parameters: 6(ΔG⧧ = 16.6(1) kcal/mol (−45.6 °C), ΔH⧧= 15.2(7) kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = −6.2(2.9) eu), 7(ΔG⧧ = 16.3(1) kcal/mol (−33.7 °C), ΔH⧧ = 15.9(8) kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = −1.6(3.7) eu), 8(ΔG⧧ = 14.8(1) kcal/mol (−81.7 °C), ΔH⧧ = 14.8(7) kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = 0.1(3.0) eu), 11(ΔG⧧ = 13.4(1) kcal/mol (−94.2 °C)), 13(ΔG⧧ = 12.3(1) kcal/mol (−103.1 °C)). On the basis of the relative binding affinities of CO and C2H4 to the Pd(II) center and the relative rates of alkyl to CO and alkyl to ethyle...
Degradation During Aging of Transformation‐Toughened ZrO2‐Y2O3 Materials at 250°C

The detrimental aging phenomenon observed in ZrO2-Y2O3 materials, which causes tetragonal ZrO2 to transform to its monoclinic structure at temperatures between 150 and 400°C, was investigated with respect to the gaseous aging environment and the Y2O3 and SiO2 content of the material. It is shown that the aging phenomenon is caused by water vapor and that inter-granular silicate glassy phases play no significant role. Transmission electron microscopy of thin foils, before and after aging, showed that the water vapor reacted with yttrium in the ZrO2 to produce clusters of small (20 to 50 nm) crystallites of α-Y(OH)3. It is hypothesized that this reaction produces a monoclinic nucleus (depleted of Y2O3) on the surface of an exposed tetragonal grain. Monoclinic nuclei greater than a critical size grow spontaneously to transform the tetragonal grain. If the transformed grain is greater than a critical size, it produces a microcrack which exposes subsurface tetragonal grains to the aging phenomenon and results in catastrophic degradation. Degradation can be avoided if the grain size is less than the critical size required for microcracking.
Cysteine Monolayer Modified Microcantilevers for Impulse Monitoring

Microcantilevers, modified with a monolayer of cysteine, oscillate in response to pulses in saline solutions. The pulse was mimicked by opening and closing a gate in a flow system every 0.5 second, respectively. The possible mechanism is the disruption and restoration of the electric double layer on the monolayer surface. A device constructed with such microcantilever sensors may be used for impulse monitoring.
Macromolecular dynamics on a shared-memory multiprocessor

This is a study of the effect of data structures and algorithms on parallelism and vectorization for the molecular dynamics package GROMOS. About 80% of the computing time (for the GROMOS benchmark) is spent on the nonbonded interactions, and an important issue is the method that is used for finding all pairs of atoms (actually atom groups) which are within a given cutoff radius of each other. Favored by the authors of GROMOS is the use of the (Verlet) neighbor list with direct calculation of all distances. Substantial restructuring of their code for the nonbonded interactions has resulted in a speedup of a factor 6.9 for the eight-processor Alliant FX/8 through the use of concurrent subroutine calls. Vectorization gave a further improvement of 30%. However, the direct calculation of all distances does not scale up linearly with the number of atoms. (Nor would neighbor lists be needed if cutoffs were abandoned in favor of such techniques as the fast multipole method). Therefore an alternative GROMOS subroutine that implements the “gridcell plus linked list” approach without a neighbor list was also rewritten and tested. This resulted in the discovery of an apparent flaw in an early study of the relative merits of the two algorithms. It is observed that actually the neighbor list version of GROMOS is not much faster.
Variations in the initial strontium ratios of a single basalt flow

Abstract Extremely large variations were measured in the initial strontium ratios of the McCartys basalt. The measured ratios, which range from 0.7040 to 0.7084, suggest a near-surface crustal contamination. Isotopic equilibrium was not attained after this contamination.
Plk1-dependent Phosphorylation Regulates Functions of DNA Topoisomerase IIα in Cell Cycle Progression *

Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1) has been documented as a critical regulator of many mitotic events. However, increasing evidence supports the notion that Plk1 might also have functions outside of mitosis. Using biochemical fractionation and RNA interference approaches, we found that Plk1 was required for both G(1)/S and G(2)/M phases and that DNA topoisomerase IIalpha (topoIIalpha) was a potential target for Plk1 in both interphase and mitosis. Plk1 phosphorylates Ser(1337) and Ser(1524) of topoIIalpha. Overexpression of an unphosphorylatable topoIIalpha mutant led to S phase arrest, suggesting that Plk1-associated phosphorylation first occurs in S phase. Moreover, overexpression of the unphosphorylatable topoIIalpha mutant activated the ATM/R-dependent DNA damage checkpoint, probably due to reduced catalytic activity of topoIIalpha, and resulted in accumulation of catenated DNA. Finally, we showed that wild type topoIIalpha, but not the unphosphorylatable mutant, was able to rescue topoIIalpha depletion-induced defects in sister chromatid segregation, indicating that Plk1-associated phosphorylation is essential for the functions of topoIIalpha in mitosis.
Macrosegregation in quiescent melting and liquid-phase sintering

Macrosegregation during melting of alloys can arise if the densities of the alloy components differ. In particular, if the higher-melting component is not present in amounts sufficient to develop an interconnected structure, this component can sink (assuming it is more dense than the liquid) to the crucible bottom during melting. This produces a liquid head consisting of (to a first approximation) the pure lower-melting component. The resulting macrosegregation takes considerable time to eliminate since it exists over a macroscopic distance (that over which the particles sink). Similar considerations apply to liquid-phase sintering, also treated in this article. The tendencies for macrosegregation and the subsequent structure evolution in melted/sintered materials can be summarized in a melting map. Such a map has axes of alloy overall composition and alloy liquidus composition. The development and elimination of macrosegregation proceeds in stages. Following initial particle settling, the liquid in the liquid-plus-solid zone near the crucible bottom, which was generated by the settling, attains its equilibrium composition. Finally, elimination of the long-range liquid concentration gradient takes place. If the material has a composition corresponding to a liquid-phase-sintered alloy, the solid in the liquid-plus-solid zone then attains its equilibrium composition. The times for the various stages can be estimated simply. Melting maps can be refined by placing contours of equilibration time on them.
Lack of evidence for a role of T-cell-associated retroviruses as an etiology of schizophrenia

Abstract The evidence that schizophrenia may involve infection by a virus (or viruses) has been indirect. The recent discovery, however, of the human retroviruses—human T-cell lymphoma-leukemia virus-I, and II (HTLV-I, -II) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-now also known to affect the central nervous system (CNS), together with the development of new techniques in retrovirology, have made it possible to investigate more directly the role of this class of viruses as an etiology of schizophrenia. In our first effort to screen for the presence of a T-cell lymphotropic virus in schizophrenia, short-term tissue cultures of peripheral lymphocytes from 17 chronic schizophrenic patients and 10 normal controls were established. The cells were cultured in the presence of T-cell growth factor (TCGF, IL-2), and the culture supernatants were tested for the presence of the retroviral enzyme reverse transcriptase. No T-cell-associated reverse transcriptase activity was detected in cultures from patients or normal controls. Therefore, the data do not provide evidence for a role for T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses as an etiology of schizophrenia.
Draft Genome Sequences of Human Pathogenic Fungus Geomyces pannorum Sensu Lato and Bat White Nose Syndrome Pathogen Geomyces (Pseudogymnoascus) destructans.

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequences of Geomyces pannorum sensu lato and Geomyces (Pseudogymnoascus) destructans. G. pannorum has a larger proteome than G. destructans, containing more proteins with ascribed enzymatic functions. This dichotomy in the genomes of related psychrophilic fungi is a valuable target for defining their distinct saprobic and pathogenic attributes.
Sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy : Incidence and outcomes

Background—Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and fibrillation (VF) occur in up to 20% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and have been associated with a poor prognosis. The rela...
Global Assessment of Combinatorial Post-translational Modification of Core Histones in Yeast Using Contemporary Mass Spectrometry LYS4 TRIMETHYLATION CORRELATES WITH DEGREE OF ACETYLATION ON THE SAME H3 TAIL

A global view of all core histones in yeast is provided by tandem mass spectrometry of intact histones H2A, H2B, H4, and H3. This allowed detailed characterization of >50 distinct histone forms and their semiquantitative assessment in the deletion mutants gcn5Delta, spt7Delta, ahc1Delta, and rtg2Delta, affecting the chromatin remodeling complexes SAGA, SLIK, and ADA. The "top down" mass spectrometry approach detected dramatic decreases in acetylation on H3 and H2B in gcn5Delta cells versus wild type. For H3 in wild type cells, tandem mass spectrometry revealed a direct correlation between increases of Lys(4) trimethylation and the 0, 1, 2, and 3 acetylation states of histone H3. The results show a wide swing from 10 to 80% Lys(4) trimethylation levels on those H3 tails harboring 0 or 3 acetylations, respectively. Reciprocity between these chromatin marks was apparent, since gcn5Delta cells showed a 30% decrease in trimethylation levels on Lys(4) in addition to a decrease of acetylation levels on H3 in bulk chromatin. Deletion of Set1, the Lys(4) methyltransferase, was associated with the linked disappearance of both Lys(4) methylation and Lys(14) and Lys(18) or Lys(23) acetylation on H3. In sum, we have defined the "basis set" of histone forms present in yeast chromatin using a current mass spectrometric approach that both quickly profiles global changes and directly probes the connectivity of modifications on the same histone.
Microwave Polymerization of Embedding Resins For Biological/Biomedical Elecron Microscopy

The use of microwave energies for polymerization of epoxy and other commercially available resins, used routinely in electron microscopy methodologies, shows promise for diagnostic pathology where rapid methods can be crucial. Many desirable embedment properties, such as specimen infiltration, color, hardness, rough trimming, and ability to stain, are necesssary. The properties necessary for cutting 1 micron semithin sections and 700 Angstrom ultrathin sections (that can withstand pentration by a 100 kV electron beam for image formation) must be maintained. In this study, six epoxy resins and one unsaturated polyester resin were used, the latter in a variety of recipes. Each formulation was subjected to microwave power levels from 400 to 700 W for 1 to 15 minutes. Selected specimen embedments tested well and significantly reduced traditional convection oven polymerization time from two days to a few minutes.
Field ion images from ordered Ni4Mo

Abstract Field ion images from ordered Ni4Mo with He and He–Ne mixtures are very stable and contain a variety of interesting crystallographic features. Translational antiphase boundaries are readily identified because of the layered structure of Ni4Mo and the prominence of the Mo atoms in the images. Although the Ni atoms do not image readily they are faintly visible on certain superlattice planes where they occur in layers. A dark zone pattern which is asymmetric with respect to the overall crystallographic pattern is shown to be related to the orientation of the ordered β structure with respect to the disordered face-centred cubic α structure.
Can order exposure be mandated

Abstract In this paper, we examine whether the hidden portion of limit orders represents depth that would be revealed if traders were not allowed to hide it, and the associated market quality implications. Specifically, we examine the decisions by the Toronto Stock Exchange to first abolish the use of hidden limit orders in 1996, and then reintroduce them in 2002. We find that quoted depth does not change following either decision, suggesting that the hidden portion of orders represents depth that would otherwise not be exposed. Using confidential order data for the period following the reintroduction of hidden limit orders, we find that total inside depth increases. For both events, volume does not change and the usage of the limit order book increases if hidden limit orders are allowed. This suggests that if traders are required to expose their orders they will not exit the market, but instead will switch to using market orders. We also find evidence to suggest that informed traders use hidden limit orders to minimize price impact if the probability of non-execution is small.
Correlation between the changes due to heat treatment in the Curie temperature and internal friction of a glass metal Fe 32 Ni 36 Cr 14 P 12 B 6

Changes in the Curie tempeature and internal friction of amorphous Fe 32 Ni 36 Cr 14 P 12 B 6 due to heat treatments were compared. Both changes show similar kinetics and saturate to pseudoequilibrium values which are also strongly correlated. The results indicate that the identical atomic rearrangement processes produces these changes.
Spinoza et le problème juif de la théodicée

On considere souvent qu'il n'y a pas de place dans la philosophie de Spinoza pour le probleme de la theodicee ou pour la question de la conciliation de la justice, de la sagesse et de la puissance divines avec la presence apparente de mal et d'imperfection dans le monde. Son rejet d'un Dieu providentiel semblerait ecarter a soi seul toute approche spinoziste du probleme. Toutefois, Spinoza a bel et bien beaucoup a dire sur la question de la theodicee. En niant l'immortalite personnelle de l'âme, Spinoza offre de maniere, je crois, pleinement consciente une reponse a l'approche traditionnelle qu'on trouve au sein de la philosophie juive medievale, celle qui repose sur les recompenses a attendre de la vertu dans le « monde a venir ». De plus, on trouve effectivement les composantes de l'approche de Spinoza dans cette tradition anterieure, et la conception de Spinoza est une continuation naturelle d'un courant a l'interieur du rationalisme juif medieval.
Effect of wavelength and dye selection on biosensor response

The availability of low cost laser diodes and new fluorescent dyes has made portable biosensors a reality. Previously, we have examined the variation in the fluorescent signal generated in an antigen-antibody reaction when the antigen is labeled with dyes exciting at different wavelengths. In this study, we looked at the effect of changing dyes and wavelengths on a sandwich immunoassay for the F1 antigen from Yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plaque. The F1 immunoassay has previously been demonstrated to work in serum, plasma, and even whole blood, when performed using a fiber optic biosensor. In this study, we demonstrated that changing to cyanine dyes enhanced the sensitivity of the detection without altering the immunochemistry of the assay.
Intergenerational Analysis of Dietary Practices and Health Perceptions of Hispanic Women and their Adult Daughters

This descriptive, correlational, two-group study investigated differences between dietary practices, acculturation, and health perceptions in a convenience sample of Hispanic mothers and their adult daughters ( N = 76, 47 mother-daughter dyads). Analysis (paired t tests) of the Block Screening Questionnaire, General Acculturation Index, and Self-Rated Health Subindex of the Multilevel Assessment Instrument showed significant differences: Daughters ate more fat (p = .04) and were more acculturated than their mothers (p = .0001). The Pearson correlation yielded a significant relationship for the 76 subjects between fat intake (dietary practice) and health perception: The more fat (meat/snacks) intake, the more negatively women perceived their health status (p = .0001).
What’s the story? Creating and sustaining environmental networks

Networks have been embraced as appropriate means for environmental governance because of their potential inclusivity, flexibility, resilience, and ability to comprehend multiple values and ways of knowing. Analysis of networks, however, falls short of accounting for the emergence and persistence of these innovative and complex modes of governance, as well as their failures. We offer a framework for using narrative to understand and evaluate networks. We understand networks to be sets of relationships, between humans and also between humans and their environment, that define and guide behaviour. Narrative is a constitutive element of these networks; narrative and network are co-produced. Narrative analysis enables a critical investigation of environmental action and policy that at the same time captures the variety of environmental relationships and associated meanings and emotions that can inspire collaborative behaviour. Using a case study of the development of alternative agriculture in the United State...
Design of a microprocessor based programmable system to process temperature information from a hot surface

A CDP1802 microprocessor based stand-alone system (target system) has been designed to control a two-color pyrometer (TCP) system remotely and to process the temperature information from a simulated magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) test facility, at Mississippi State University. The analog signals from two pyrometer detectors are digitized and the temperature and emissivity of the surface are computed. The results are displayed on a 20-column printer. Data at various emissivity settings are collected with the help of a stepper motor. The measurements may be done individually or in a continuous mode. A sequence of events may be programmed into the system through a 4×4 key matrix. Software has been developed in FORTH, a highly structured language. The system design and development has been accomplished through stepwise refinement.
Godly Manhood Going Wild?: Transformations in Conservative Protestant Masculinity

This article assesses shifting ideals of masculinity among conservative Protestants focused on the current best seller, Wild at heart, by John Eldredge (2001). First, we compare Eldredges notion of manhood as essentially "heroic, slightly dangerous, alive and free" with the ideals of responsible manhood central to much Promise Keepers literature. Second, we explore the salience of this shift for men's relationships with each other, their wives and female friends. Analysis of interview data with a sample of married men and women in two churches and one para-church campus ministry highlight the active and selective reading of religious texts across gender and age. Overall, Eldredges "slightly dangerous" masculinity represents a re-articulation of the nineteenth century myth of the "self-made man" and is both a reaction against the rationalized nature of paid employment, as well as the responsible and "feminized" expectations of Promise Keepers' ideal of servant leadership and involved fatherhood.
External beam irradiation inhibits neointimal hyperplasia following balloon angioplasty.

Abstract Restenosis is a serious problem limiting the long-term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Neointimal smooth muscle proliferation is the major process underlying restenosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of external irradiation on neointimal hyperplasia following balloon angioplasty. We examined the ability of external X-ray irradiation to inhibit intimal hyperplasia following balloon angioplasty in a non-atherosclerotic rabbit model. Baseline quantitative angiography (day 0) was performed in all rabbits and balloon angioplasty was performed in the right (control) and the left iliac arteries. Five days after balloon angioplasty, the left iliac in each rabbit was irradiated with either 600 cGy ( n = 5) or 1200 cGy ( n = 5). Twenty-eight days following angioplasty final angiography was performed. All rabbits were sacrificed, and the iliac arteries were fixed for morphometric measurements. Comparison of baseline and final angiographic measurements revealed a significant decrease in average and minimum lumen dimensions for both control and irradiated segments (600 and 1200 cGy) [average: P (baseline vs. final) 0.008 (control), 0.001 (600 cGy); 0.05 (control), 0.007 (1200 cGy)]. Morphometric analysis showed no difference in neointimal cross-sectional area between control (0.29 ± 0.05 mm 2 ) and 600 cGy irradiated segments (0.32 ± 0.07 mm 2 ) ( P = 0.82). However, there was a statistically significant reduction in neointimal hyperplasia in the 1200 cGy irradiated segments (0.09 ± 0.02 mm 2 ) compared to control (0.23 ± 0.06 mm 2 , P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in medial cross-sectional area between control and irradiated segments (600 and 1200 cGy). We conclude that in this model, external beam X-ray irradiation (1200 cGy) was successful in reducing neointimal proliferation after balloon angioplasty. Whether or not this approach can be used successfully to inhibit restenosis in the clinical setting requires further investigation.
The art and science of forming packed analytical high-performance liquid chromatography columns

Columns of packed particles still are the most popular devices for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations because of their great utility, excellent performance and wide variety. However, the forming of packed beds for efficient, stable columns traditionally has been an art where the basics of how to form optimum beds generally was not well understood. The recent development of monolith rods was introduced in part to overcome the difficulty of producing stable beds of packing particles. However, these materials are less versatile than packed particle columns. Technology developments in recent years have produced a better understanding among those skilled in the practice of how to form optimized packed beds, and this has led to widely available, high-quality commercial columns. This presentation discusses the developments that led to the present state of column packing technology. Important steps in the packing of efficient, stable beds are described. The key step of selecting the best solvent for the slurry packing method is emphasized. Factors affecting the mechanical stability of packed columns also are discussed. The early art of packing columns now has evolved into a more scientific approach that allows the packing of good columns with a minimum of effort and time.
Nucleolar localization of protein B23 (375.1) by immunocytochemical techniques

Abstract Highly acidic phosphoprotein B23 ( 37 5.1 ; M.W. x 10 3 / pI ) which is in preribosomal RNP particles in nucleoli of Novikoff hepatoma cells (1) was found to be one of the two major silver staining nucleolar proteins (2). An improved isolation method was developed for protein B23 which included 4 M urea/3 M LiCl extraction of nucleoli, dialysis of the extract against 4 M urea/20 mM Tris-malate/pH 5.5 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. For studies on cellular localization of this protein, highly purified protein B23 was used to produce anti- B23 antibodies in rabbits. The specificity of the anti- B23 antibodies was demonstrated by formation of immunoprecipitin bands with the purified antigen and crude nucleolar extracts from Novikoff hepatoma cells. With the indirect peroxidase immunostaining method, a specific localization of protein B23 was demonstrated in the nucleoli of normal rat liver, thioacetamide-treated rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma cells.
Update on topical wound medications

Numerous topical wound medicants are available today. Very few of these products have been tested in the horse. Due to the unique nature of wound healing in the distal limbs of horses (carpus, tarsus and distad), many beneficial effects of these medicants seen in other species and in vitro have not been reproduced in equine limb wounds. There is an abundance of literature regarding topical wound medicants; however, the findings of these studies are quite variable, in general. Many wound care articles have questioned the routine use of topical medications, preferring the concept of moist wound healing in which the body produces all the substrates necessary for adequate wound healing. This article outlines many of the common products that are available to equine practitioners and provides current information regarding their use in wound healing. Unfortunately no product or substrate has been shown to be superior for equine wound management. That being said, the information provided in this article will attempt to provide the practitioner with information necessary to make educated decisions regarding the selection of topical medicants for wound care.