cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolving computer programs without subtree crossover

An evolutionary programming procedure is used for optimizing computer programs in the form of symbolic expressions. Six tree mutation operators are proposed. Recombination operators such as crossover are not included. The viability and efficiency of the method is extensively investigated on a set of well-studied problems. The evidence indicates that the technique is not only viable but is indeed capable of evolving good computer programs. The results compare well with other evolutionary methods that rely on crossover to solve the same problems.
Overcoming design challenges for a radiation-tolerant, radiation-hardened Fast Ethernet interface

10 Mbps Ethernet communication has been available for Space applications for several years, however this has not been the case for Fast Ethernet (i.e. 100basetx) operating at 100 Mbps. A 100basetx interface has been developed using radiation tolerant components that can be replaced with radiation hardened components. This implementation can operate at the input baud rate allowing for a wider component selection.
Crude Oil Futures as an Indicator of Market Changes: A Graphical Analysis

This study investigates the changing relationship between price and volume traded of short- and long-maturity NYMEX light sweet crude oil futures contracts and major changes in the physical crude oil market during the last decade. Monthly series for the #1-month to 84-month out maturity contracts are generated from daily price and volume data for NYMEX West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures contracts for the period from January 2000 to the middle of 2009. 3-D graphical analysis of the futures prices, contract volumes, maturity dates, and time is used to demonstrate the changing trading volume pattern and evolution of the shape of futures price term structure across various contract maturities in different market regimes. The study observes the impacts of both May 2004, when excess production capacity reached nearly zero, and September 2006, when electronic trading was implemented on the NYMEX WTI futures markets. This analysis will be used to determine if futures contract information can provide an early indication of market regime shifts and improve short-run crude oil spot price forecast models.
Dehydrogenation of gaseous hydrogen-containing molecules: The formation of elemental and molecular clusters

A general concept employing the dehydrogenation of hydrogen-containing organic and inorganic compounds is shown to readily affect the production of a wide variety of elemental and binary clusters. Hydrogen-containing molecules such as ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$S, or ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, are introduced into an extremely energetic plasma generated from laser irradiation of a metal surface; this plasma dehydrogenates the molecules to produce nascent C, N, Si, S, and O atoms. These C, N, Si, S, and O atoms can react with metal atoms or ions contained in the plasma and form metallocarbohedrenes or metal-carbide, metal-nitride, metal-silicide, metal-sulfide, or metal-oxide clusters. Alternatively, individual constituents may associate to produce pure elemental clusters such as those comprised of carbon or silicon. In principle, this technique can be applied to all gaseous hydrogen-containing compounds. The results of the present study provide an alternative way (in some cases it could be the only feasible way) to generate clusters of these materials. Study of the ensuing distributions provides unique insight into the cluster-formation mechanisms involving this type of cluster source.
Rapid and Microdetermination of Zinc, Copper, Iron and Magnesium in Serum by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Discrete Nebulization Technique

Using flame atomic absorption spectrometry with discrete nebulization, zinc, copper, iron and magnesium were measured in a total of 100μl of serum after the four-fold dilution with Triton X-100 without removal of proteins. The final concentration of the detergent was 0.02%. For magnesium measurement, the sample solution was further diluted five times with blank solution. Every measurement was carried out with duplicate injections of 50μl of the sample solution. Standards for calibration were similarly prepared from Auto Cal 1 for matrix matching. Present method enabled the analysis of 90 samples/h without any loss in accuracy or reproducibility.
Did genetic drift drive increases in genome complexity

Mechanisms underlying the dramatic patterns of genome size variation across the tree of life remain mysterious. Effective population size (Ne) has been proposed as a major driver of genome size: selection is expected to efficiently weed out deleterious mutations increasing genome size in lineages with large (but not small) Ne. Strong support for this model was claimed from a comparative analysis of Neu and genome size for ≈30 phylogenetically diverse species ranging from bacteria to vertebrates, but analyses at that scale have so far failed to account for phylogenetic nonindependence of species. In our reanalysis, accounting for phylogenetic history substantially altered the perceived strength of the relationship between Neu and genomic attributes: there were no statistically significant associations between Neu and gene number, intron size, intron number, the half-life of gene duplicates, transposon number, transposons as a fraction of the genome, or overall genome size. We conclude that current datasets do not support the hypothesis of a mechanistic connection between Ne and these genomic attributes, and we suggest that further progress requires larger datasets, phylogenetic comparative methods, more robust estimators of genetic drift, and a multivariate approach that accounts for correlations between putative explanatory variables.
Influence of low tryptophan diets containing 6-methyltryptophan on oral infection with poliomyelitis virus.

SummaryThese experiments are obviously of a preliminary nature but they do show that the susceptibility of a primate to poliomyelitis via a natural portal of entry may be altered and they suggest that this approach to the modification of susceptibility to poliomyelitis should be explored further.
Effects of two pyrethroid insecticides on motor activity and the acoustic startle response in the rat

To better characterize the behavioral toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides, comparisons were made of the effects of cismethrin and deltamethrin exposure on motor activity and the acoustic startle response in male Long-Evans rats. Acute dose-effect, acute time course, and 30-day repeated-exposure determinations of 1-hr motor activity were made using figure-eight mazes. The acoustic startle response was measured to a 13-kHz, 120-dB(A), 40-msec tone at each of three background white noise levels (50, 65, and 80 dB). Deltamethrin (0, 2, 6, or 8 mg/kg) or cismethrin (0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 mg/kg) were administered po in 0.2 ml/kg corn oil. Cismethrin and deltamethrin produced similar dosage-dependent decreases in motor activity. The time course of onset and recovery for this decreased activity was rapid (1 to 4 hr) No cumulative effects on motor activity of a 30-day exposure to 2 mg/kg/day deltamethrin or 6 mg/kg/day cismethrin were found. The effects of cismethrin and deltamethrin on the acoustic startle response were dissimilar: deltamethrin produced a dosage-dependent decrease in amplitude and an increase in latency, and cismethrin produced an increase in amplitude and no change in latency. The differential effects of cismethrin and deltamethrin on the acoustic startle response may be related to the contrasting effects previously shown with neurophysiological and/or neurochemical techniques.
Quantum sensor using two-color ghost imaging technology

This article reports an experimental study on two-color ghost imaging with enhanced resolving power either by means of greater field of view or by means of greater imaging amplification compared with that of classical imaging.
The transition metal complex promoted isomerization of trans-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene to cis-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene

Abstract An unprecedented isomerization of a trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropane to a cis-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropane has been achieved with both rhodium(I) and platinum(II) catalysts.
Molecular Analysis of Nondisjunction in Down Syndrome Patients With and Without Atrioventricular Septal Defects

Background Congenital heart disease is common in Down syndrome patients, with atrioventricular septal defects accounting for a majority of the abnormalities. The molecular mechanisms of meiotic nondisjunction resulting in Down syndrome were studied for associations with the presence of atrioventricular septal defects. Methods and Results Twenty highly polymorphic chromosome 21 microsatellite markers were used to genotype two groups of patients (group 1: Down syndrome with atrioventricular septal defects, n=43; and group 2: Down syndrome without cardiac defects, n=51) to determine (1) the parental origin of the extra chromosome, (2) the stage of meiotic nondisjunction resulting in the trisomy, (3) the presence or absence of disomic homozygosity or heterozygosity, and (4) the degree of recombination in the nondisjoined chromosomes. The parental origin of the nondisjoined chromosome was maternal in 86.2% of the families, with no significant differences between groups. The most centromeric marker was nonreduc...
Benton Revised Visual Retention Test Performance of Black Adolescents According to Age, Sex, and Ethnic Identity

Summary.-As part of a battery, the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test was individually administered to 100 black adolescent srudents in southeastern Virginia, aged 12 or 13 yr. The Benton test, Form C, Administrations A and C were scored for both Total Errors and Total Number Correct. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between ages, but there were differences between boys' and girls' scores. There were two significant interactions for age, sex, and measured ethnic identity on Administration C for Total Number Correct and Total Errors for the group. Administration A, scored for categorical errors, produced significant univariate F ratios for Total Errors, Distortion, and Total Right Errors on the classification of ethnic identity. Alternative interpretations are feasible, and further research into the influences of experimental and cultural variables on visual perception is needed. The Benton Revised Visual Retention Test is a clinical and research instrument used to assess visual perception, visual memory, and visuoconstructive abilities. This test, like Bender's Visual-motor Gestalt test (Bender, 1938), is a type of copying or design-drawing-task. For the latter test an elaborate and objective scoring system (Koppitz, 1964) was developed. The Benton test has not been used as extensively as Bender's test; however, both tests have been cited as effective for the diagnosis of organic brain defects and for showing a relationship between defects in visual-motor perception and minimal brain dysfunction (Benton, 1962, 1974; Parsons, McLeroy, & Wright, 1971). The Bender test has been used for many years by school psychologists as an aide in the diagnoses of minimal brain dysfunction. More recently, the relatively new Benton Revised Retention Test is purported to be sensitive to cerebral injury or diseases that are presumed determinants of defective performance in visual-memory and visuoconstructive tasks. The latter, like the former test, uses marginal differences to determine the effects of organic brain-damage. It is reported that blacks consistently make more errors than Hispanics and whites on these types of tests (Sattler & Gwynne, 1982). If a subject makes a score that is one or two points below an expected score (Number Correct Cutting Score) and above an expected score (Error Cutting Score) on the Benton Revised Visual Rerention Test, the examiner is advised 'Departmeor of Psychoeducacional Smdies, School of Education, Washington, DC 20059.
Effect of Source and Amount of Fiber on Kinetics of Digestion and Specific Gravity of Forage Particles in the Rumen

Abstract This experiment investigated the relationship between kinetics of digestion and change in specific gravity during in situ incubation. Nine cows were fed three sources of fiber (corn silage, alfalfa silage, or alfalfa hay) in diets formulated to contain 25, 30, or 35% NDF in three simultaneous 3 × 3 Latin squares. Method of alfalfa preservation did not influence rate of digestion or rate of increase in specific gravity of forage particles measured by a flotation technique. Prior to incubation, specific gravity of forage particles was in increasing order: alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, and then corn silage. Essentially, all particles with a specific gravity 1.3 increased with the amount of fiber in the alfalfa diets and were correlated positively, suggesting that rate of increase in specific gravity, which affects rate of passage from the rumen, is influenced by rate of digestion of forage particles.
DYNAMIC ROUTE CHOICE MODEL OF LARGE-SCALE TRAFFIC NETWORK

Application and extensions of a dynamic network equilibrium model to the Advanced Driver and Vehicle Advisory Navigation Concept (ADVANCE) Network are described in this paper. ADVANCE is a dynamic route guidance field test designed for 800 km(superscript 2) in the northwestern suburbs of Chicago. The dynamic route choice model employed in this paper is solved efficiently by a modified version of Janson's DYMOD algorithm. Realistic traffic engineering-based link delay functions, instead of the simplistic Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) function, are used to estimate link travel times and intersection delays for most types of links and intersections. Further, an expanded intersection representation is utilized, resulting in a network of nearly 23,000 links and 10,000 nodes. Time-dependent link flows, travel times, speeds and queue spillbacks are generated for the ADVANCE Network. The model was solved on a CONVEX-C3880. Convergence and computational results are presented and analyzed.
Numerical computation of buoyant airflows confined to attic spaces under opposing hot and cold wall conditions

The present paper addresses laminar natural convection of air confined to an isosceles triangular cavity representative of conventional attic spaces in houses and buildings with pitched roofs and horizontal suspended ceilings. Detailed experimental data in terms of velocities, temperatures and wall heat fluxes has become available for attic spaces under summer and winter conditions some time ago. However, the comparison between the numerical-obtained temperatures and mean wall heat fluxes against the experimental-measurements is still lacking in the specialized literature. Two relevant cases of isosceles triangular cavities are considered: case 1, the base is cooled and the two inclined walls are symmetrically heated and case 2, the bottom base is heated and the two top inclined walls are symmetrically cooled. To perform the computational analysis, the finite volume method is the vehicle for the discretization of the conservation equations. The Boussinesqian fluid approximation is not invoked and all thermophysical properties are taken as temperature-dependent. Most numerical simulations have assumed the existence of a vertical plane of symmetry passing through the middle of the isosceles triangular cavity in order to deal with a manageable computational domain in the form of a right-angled triangle that is half the size of the isosceles triangular cavity. However, the computational domain adopted in this work has been taken as coincident with the physical domain. Overall, the numerical predictions of velocity, temperature and mean wall heat fluxes match reasonably well with the experimental measurements for the two cases under study here.
Intraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the sacral spinal nerve root

An unusual case of intraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the sacral spinal nerve root is presented with the first documentation of myelographic, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Optical interconnects for parallel processing

Analytical modeling and practical experience reveal that interconnection networks for large-scale parallel architectures are severely limited by the I/O bandwidth of electrical interconnects. Optical interconnects offer far greater potential in meeting these bandwidth demands. The development of an operational 1024x1024 polyimide waveguide perfect shuffle network and high-density modulator arrays demonstrate how optics can meet this challenge. Further optical switching networks would be possible with the development of single-mode 2x2 waveguide switches. We envisage as feasible the insertion of active optical interconnection networks in future large-scale parallel architectures using integrated arrays of waveguide modulators photodetectors switches and interconnects.
Stress effects on BDNF expression: Effects of age, sex, and form of stress

Stress has long been associated with the development of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. The effects of stress vary depending upon the age during which the stress is incurred, the duration and severity of the stressor, and can further be influenced by levels of circulating gonadal hormones. To date, the majority of research investigating the link between stress and pathology development has focused on stress hormone secretion, receptor activity, and their impact on neuronal development and functioning in developing and adult male and female rodents. In recent years, work has begun to focus on additional neuromodulatory systems that may be significantly impacted by stress that may explain changes in developmental and sex-based susceptibility to stress. New research targets include molecules that play a role in neuronal development and plasticity. Specifically, stress-induced alterations in growth factors such as neurotrophins, in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been identified as a strong candidate modulating stress-associated pathology. Furthermore, changing expression of BDNF and its receptors over development and in response to circulating gonadal hormones extend the attractiveness of this candidate signaling pathway for understanding differences in susceptibility to stress. This review focuses on what is known with regard to the effects of stress on neurotrophin expression in rodents, and the varied effects of stress on BDNF levels as a function of developmental status and sex.
Phosphorus Forms in Manure and Compost and Their Release during Simulated Rainfall

The large accumulation of P in manure from animal feeding operations in localized areas has increased the potential for P export following land application. Impairment of freshwater quality by accelerated eutrophication has focused attention on manure management and the potential for P loss in runoff. Thus, we investigated the amounts and relative solubilities of P in manures and their composts using a modified Hedley fractionation and release of P during simulated rainfall (70 mm h -1 for 30 min) in laboratory columns (15-cm diameter). Twenty-four samples each of dairy manure, dairy manure compost, poultry manure, poultry manure compost, poultry litter, and swine manure were collected over 2 yr. Total P concentration ranged from 2600 to 40000 mg kg -1 , mostly as inorganic P (63 to 92%). The distribution of inorganic and organic P fractions depended on manure and compost type. Most of the inorganic P, 80%, was water extractable (2030 mg kg -1 ), while 55% was hydroxide extractable in swine slurry (16 620 mg kg -1 ) and 38% acid extractable in poultry manure (9320 mg kg -1 ). The dissolved inorganic P concentration in leachate from manure and compost (10 Mg ha -1 manure application rate) during a 30-min rainfall ranged from 34 (poultry litter) to 75 mg L -1 (poultry manure). The amount of P leached by five simulated rainfall events was significantly correlated to respective water extractable inorganic (r 2 = 0.98) or organic P (r 2 = 0.99) of each material. This suggests that water extractable P may be used to estimate the potential for land-applied manures or composts to enrich leachate and surface runoff P.
A joint study of expectations formation and the shifting Phillips curve

Abstract To avoid certain problems associated with the use of a deterministic distributed lag function of past prices as an observable proxy for inflationary expectations, we estimated an unobservable-variable model which accommodates not only some errors in measurement in the survey data on expectations but also the presence of a stochastic error term in the distributed lag function determining an unobservable variable. We incorporate four hypotheses on expectations formation, including a new one which is a mixture of both regressive and adaptive elements. The estimated coefficient corresponding to the price-expectations variable in the Phillips curve was always more than 0.50.
Reconfigurable Anisotropic Coatings via Magnetic Field‐Directed Assembly and Translocation of Locking Magnetic Chains

A method for the generation of remotely reconfigurable anisotropic coatings is developed. To form these coatings, locking magnetic nanoparticles (LMNPs) made of a superparamagnetic core and a two-component polymer shell are employed. Two different polymers form phase-separated coaxial shells. The outer shell provides repulsive interactions between the LMNPs while the inner shell exerts attractive forces between the particles. Applying a non-uniform magnetic field, one gathers the particles together, pushing them to come in contact when the internal shells could effectively hold the particles together. When the magnetic field is turned off, the particles remain locked due to these strong interactions between internal shells. The shells are thus made stimuli-responsive, so this locking can be made reversible and the chains can be disintegrated on demand. In a non-uniform magnetic field, the assembled chains translocate, bind to the solid substrate and form anisotropic coatings with a “locked” anisotropic structure. The coatings can be constructed, aligned, realigned, degraded, and generated again on demand by changing the magnetic field and particle environment. The mechanism of the coating formation is explained using experimental observations and a theoretical model.
Workers Central Life Interests and Job Performance.

Abstract : Supervisor's ratings of individual workers were related to the central life interests (CLI) of the workers. The group of workers who had a job oriented CLI received the highest ratings from their supervisors among the three CLI groups on initiative and application, cooperation, and quantity of work and were rated low on adaptability. The reverse pattern held for workers with a non-job CLI. Implications of these findings are discussed for their utility in interpreting supervisor's orientations in making performance evaluations, as they relate to the characteristics of the rating system.
On Professor Kohn and Expected Utility: Correction and Clarification

As a result of an oversight and narrow assumption, Kohn and Hollenhorst (1988) Derive an equation that does not hold in general and that leads to some erroneous Inferences when relied upon in Kohn (1999). The purpose of this note is to identify And clarify the problem and its source, and to draw the appropriate inferences. [D80, Q25]
Diuretic Dosing in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Lessons from DOSE

The mainstay of treatment for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is intravenous (IV) diuretic therapy either as a bolus or via continuous infusion. Despite being available for decades, few randomized trials exist to guide dosing and administration of these drugs. In 2011, the Diuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation (DOSE) trial used a prospective, randomized design to compare bolus versus continuous infusion of IV furosemide, as well as high-dose versus low-dose therapy. The study found no difference in the primary end point for continuous versus bolus infusion. High-dose diuretics were more effective than low dose without clinically important negative effects on renal function. Although limited by patient selection criteria and protocol design, the study challenges long-held beliefs that continuous infusion is more effective than bolus dosing. The study also challenges the notion that high-dose diuretics carry clinically important renal toxicity risks for patients.
The musical form in rhetorical exchange: Theoretical considerations

This article is an exploratory analysis of the rhetorical dimensions of music. The first level of analysis deals with those elements inherent in the musical situation which function as rhetorical v...
Genetic variation of milk proteins in mice

A survey for qualitative and quantitative variation in milk proteins from 58 inbred strains of mice revealed two electrophoretic variants. One is in a whey acidic protein of milk of YBR mice and the other is in a curd protein of the Asian house mouse, Mus musculus castaneus. The whey acidic protein variant is shown to be under the control of a single Mendelian autosomal gene with alleles expressed in a codominant manner. This gene is designated Wap, is not identical to Eg, is not X linked, and is either unlinked or loosely linked to the coat color genes a and b.
Financing lead triggers: empowering sales reps through knowledge discovery and fusion

Sales representatives must have access to meaningful and actionable intelligence about potential customers to be effective in their roles. Historically, GE Capital Americas sales reps identified leads by manually searching through news reports and financial statements either in print or online. Here we describe a system built to automate the collection and aggregation of information on companies, which is then mined to identify actionable sales leads. The Financing Lead Triggers system is comprised of three core components that perform information fusion, knowledge discovery and information visualization. Together these components extract raw data from disparate sources, fuse that data into information, and then automatically mine that information for actionable sales leads driven by a combination of expert-defined and statistically derived triggers. A web-based interface provides sales reps access to the company information and sales leads in a single location. The use of the Lead Triggers system has significantly improved the performance of the sales reps, providing them with actionable intelligence that has improved their productivity by 30-50%. In 2010, Lead Triggers provided leads on opportunities that represented over $44B in new deal commitments for GE Capital.
Does adding noradrenaline reuptake inhibition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibition improve efficacy in patients with depression? A systematic review of meta-analyses and large randomised pragmatic trials:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are recommended as first-line pharmacological treatment for depression and are the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants. However, there is substantial evidence that noradrenaline has a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. This review aims to examine the evidence of including noradrenaline reuptake inhibition with serotonin reuptake inhibition with respect to increasing efficacy in the treatment of depression. Evidence from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and randomised pragmatic trials was found in support of greater efficacy of the serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), venlafaxine and duloxetine, in moderate to severe depression compared to SSRIs but no evidence was found for superiority of milnacipran. There is sufficient current evidence that demonstrates an increase in efficacy, when noradrenaline reuptake is added to serotonin (5-HT) reuptake, to suggest that patients with severe depression or those who have failed to reach remission with a SSRI may benefit from treatment with a SNRI. However, as these conclusions are drawn from the evidence derived from meta-analyses and pragmatic trials, large adequately powered RCTs using optimal dosing regimens and clinically relevant outcome measures in severe depression and SSRI treatment failures are still required to confirm these findings.
Measles: Not just a childhood rash

In recent years, the number of US measles cases has increased, and outbreaks in adults continue to be reported in communities with a high number of unvaccinated people. These trends underscore the need for high overall measles vaccination coverage, and for physicians to entertain the diagnosis of measles in adult patients with a febrile illness and rash.
Linear scheduling model: float characteristics

By definition, any activity not on the critical path must have float. The concept of float in the critical path method relates to how long an activity can be delayed before it becomes a critical activity. For linear construction activities, however, the concept of float is somewhat different from that of traditional scheduling techniques. Rather than start time and duration being the main attributes of float, production rate is a more fundamental attribute of a linear activity. As such, for float to be meaningful for a linear activity, it must be reflective of the activity's major characteristic. Rate float captures this characteristic and presents information to construction planners and managers in terms that are meaningful for linear projects. This paper describes rate float as it applies to the linear scheduling model developed by Harmelink and Rowings in 1998.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell invasion is facilitated by Src and aberrant CD44 expression.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive malignancies that arise within peripheral nerves. These tumors occur with increased incidence in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), exhibiting increased Ras activity due to loss of the NF1 gene product, neurofibromin, and abnormal expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We previously found that MPNSTs express increased levels of the CD44 family of transmembrane glycoproteins that have been implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. In two MPNST cell lines, we have found that elevated CD44 expression and cell invasion are dependent on Src kinase activity but are independent of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) kinase (MEK) activity. In contrast, inhibition of Src kinase activity has no influence on MPNST cell proliferation. Reduction of CD44 levels, using antisense oligonucleotides, results in reduced MPNST cell invasion in vitro, suggesting that Src contributes in part to MPNST cell invasion by increasing CD44 levels. At least some of this increased CD44 expression results from elevated EGFR levels through a Src-dependent mechanism, consistent with the notion that EGFR promotes constitutive Src activation in MPNSTs. These data indicate that Src and CD44 are putative targets for the treatment of MPNST invasion and metastasis.
The psychological aspects of cancer in man.

• A better understanding of the psychiatric aspects of work with cancer patients and their relatives can enable the profession to more effectively deal with the emotional turm­ oil and the dire anticipations of the afflicted and their families. 1 shall concentrate on exploring the effects of physical illness and its consequences upon the previously healthy or upon the sick mind. 1 shall not attempt to deal with the question: Can emotional disturbances or grave psycho­ logical shocks-such as the loss of a beloved spouse, for instance-cause cancer, predispose towards cancer, or even influence the clinical course of neoplastic disease. To my knowl­ edge, this has never been adequately proven as yet-nor, for that matter-has it been scientifically refuted. More, truly scientific work is needed in this area. What does illness, especially chronic, de­ bilitating, life-endangering illness, mean to the patient? It interferes with his daily activities, earning capacity, his social and familial rela­ tionships and his sexual activities. It makes him unable to take care of himself and, there­ fore, delivers him to the mercy of an often merciless environment; it wracks his body with pain, a body he is compelled to watch wasting away and, ultimately, it delivers him to helpless agony and to death. And the pic­ ture is in no way overdrawn. How does the patient react to all of this special and severe form of stress? Such stress does threaten or disrupt important defense mechanisms which the patient has evolved to bring his physical and emotional needs into harmony with the demands of his environ­ ment. It follows that, whenever such defense mechanisms are threatened or disrupted, a
Increased recovery of group B streptococcus by the inclusion of rectal culturing and enrichment

Detection of intrapartum carriage of group B streptococcus (GBS) and subsequent antibiotic prophylaxis may prevent GBS infections in neonates. Because the gastrointestinal tract is the primary source of this organism, detection of carrier status requires both rectal and vaginal swabs. Vaginal swabs from 651 obstetric outpatients were plated onto 5% sheep blood agar. A second vaginal and a rectal swab were collected and incubated overnight in an enrichment medium of Todd-Hewitt broth containing antibiotics. By at least one method, 110 (16.9%) patients were positive for GBS. Only 31.8% of these positive patients were detected by direct culture of vaginal swabs. The use of vaginal swabs directly plated onto blood agar identified only three carriers not detected by another method. Inoculation of an enrichment broth with the vaginal swab and subsequent subculture detected 70.9% of the total. The use of both vaginal and rectal swabs with enrichment detected 97.3% of total GBS carriers. A subset of enrichment broths inoculated with vaginal and rectal specimens from 279 patients was tested for GBS by direct latex agglutination (Streptex; Murex Diagnostics, Inc., Norcross, GA, USA). Of the 90 broths that grew GBS on subculture, only 59 (65.6%) were positive by the direct agglutination method. The use of this method, although reducing processing time by 1 day, gave false-negative results for one-third of the GBS-positive broths. An accurate detection of the GBS carrier state can only be achieved by a combination of vaginal and rectal swabs incubated in enrichment broth and subcultured on blood agar.
Haemodynamic, pathological, haematological and behavioural changes during endotoxin infusion in equine neonates.

Summary The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of experimentally induced sublethal endotoxaemia in equine neonates. Four foals, between two and five days of age, were infused intravenously with 0.5 μg/kg bodyweight of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin (LPS) over a 5 h period. A four-day-old and a five-day-old foal, similarly infused with sterile isotonic saline, served as controls. Clinical signs were monitored, blood samples obtained for evaluation of selected haematological and biochemical parameters; and haemodynamic parameters were recorded hourly during the infusion, as well as 6 and 24 h post infusion. Depression, anorexia, increased rectal temperature, leucopenia followed by leucocytosis, hypoglycaemia, increased prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (APTT), pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and mild hypoxaemia were consistent findings in the foals receiving endotoxin. There was marked variation over time in the above parameters, during the infusion. Shock was not induced, and the foals appeared to be healthy shortly after the infusion was discontinued. The return to baseline values of body temperature (3 of 4 foals), APTT (1 of 4 foals) and neutrophil count (2 of 4 foals), during endotoxin infusion, suggests induction of early tolerance. The control foals remained alert and the temperature, prothrombin time and fibrinogen remained stable during the study. Hyperglycaemia, transient increased APTT and variations in selected haemodynamic parameters were recorded in the control foals during the infusion.
Modification and introduction of various radioactive labels into the sialic acid moiety of sialoglycoconjugates

A method for modifying and isotopic labeling the sialyl moiety of sialoglycoproteins is described. The basis of the procedure is the reductive amination of the exocyclic aldehyde group, generated on sialic acid by mild periodate oxidation, with a variety of amino compounds and sodium cyanoborohydride. Optimal conditions were selected to obtain maximum modification of sialic acid and minimal non-specific incorporation of the amino compound (glycine). The glycine modified model glycoproteins (α1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin) yielded single homogenous peaks upon gel filtration and on ion exchange chromatography. On gel electrophoresis a major band accounting for 92–98% of the modified glycoprotein and two minor bands consisting of dimers and trimers of the glycoprotein were observed. The modification did not alter the ability of the sialoglycoproteins to bind to wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose or to interact with antibodies. The modified sialic acid was only partially released by mild acid hydrolysis suggesting that the introduction of an amino compound into the polyol chain of sialic acid has a stabilizing effect on the ketosidic linkage of the sugar. Interestingly, the modification rendered the sialic acid resistant to a variety of sialidases. The potential uses of this modification procedure include 1) the introduction of different isotopic labels (3H,14C,35S,125I) into the sialic acid moiety of glycoproteins; 2) the preparations of biologically active sialoglycoprotein (hormones, enzymes, co-factors) with increased circulating half-lives in animals; 3) preparation of substrates to search for endoglycosidases; 4) the direct comparison of sialoglycoprotein patterns obtained in small amounts from normal and pathological cells or tissues, and 5) the isolation and purification of cell surface sialoglycoproteins.
Anatomy of life and well-being: A framework for the contributions of phenomenology and complexity theory

This paper proposes an anatomy of the phenomena of life and of correlate qualitative modes of empirical research, theory, and professional practice concerned with health and well-being. I explicate the qualitative dynamic operative at every level of order, from the biological realm of cells and organisms, through distinctively human lifeworld experiences and practices, to communities of organisms in ecosystems and bio-cultural regions. This paper clarifies the unity of the dimensions of life and aligns these with demonstrated and emerging contributions of hermeneutical phenomenology and current complexity- autopoietic theory (including disciplinary and professional interpretations of empirical findings). The intent is begin to delineate a common framework upon which we could build-facilitating better understanding of the distinctive contributions of each specialization as well as the integration of diverse qualitative approaches with each other (and with quantitative complements). Key words: Phenomenology, complexity, organism, person, environment, health (Published: 2 July 2010) Citation: Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-being 2010, 5 : 5097 - DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v5i2.5097
A Medical Perspective

Over the past 3 years, a greater understanding of predisposing factors and the pathology of the aortic wail has yielded more insights into the pathogenesis, as well as into more accurate diagnostic and preventive methods. This update will discuss: (1) the incidence, definition, and recent classification of aortic dissection; (2) epidemiology, medical, and recent surgical series; (3) the pathogenesis and risk factors; (4) clinical features and evolving nonin-vasive imaging approaches to diagnosis; and (5) management from a medical perspective. (J Card Surg 1994;9:713–728)
Diagnosis and Monitoring of Whipple Disease by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: Whipple disease is a chronic, multisystem disorder associated with infection with Tropheryma whippelii, an organism that has not yet been grown on artificial media. In some cases, the d...
Organic iodine constituents in human serum.

Abstract The results of a study of the chemically measurable, organic iodine constituents in human sera are presented. These results compare well with the major body of analytic evidence accumulated previously using I131. Thyroxine is the major constituent identified by chromatography in resin and on paper. It comprises 95% of the organic iodine in the serum. An unidentified iodinated compound has been separated from serum and characterized chromatographically. This compound comprises as much as 4% of the organic iodine present in the sera examined. No mono- or diiodotyrosine or triiodothyronine was detected in the serum of these subjects.
Mantle cell lymphoma: Frontline and salvage therapy

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a therapeutic challenge because of its lower cure rate when compared with other lymphomas such as diffuse large cell lymphoma. The current emphasis in the treatment of newly diagnosed MCL has been on intensifying chemotherapy, but there is no consensus on the need to consolidate with autologous stem cell transplantation. These approaches, however, have not resulted in a cure. Newer strategies include the use of models to aid in tailoring therapy. Likewise, autologous stem cell consolidation does not cure relapsed disease. Because of its known graft-versus-lymphoma effect, allogeneic stem cell transplantation offers a potentially curative option for relapsed MCL. New insights into resistance pathways and new drugs created to inhibit them offer great promise in the treatment of newly diagnosed and previously treated MCL.
MiR-125b, miR-100 and miR-99a co-regulate vincristine resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b), miR-99a and miR-100 are overexpressed in vincristine-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Cellular viability of ETV6-RUNX1-positive Reh cells significantly increased in presence of 9 ng/mL vincristine upon co-expression of miR-125b/miR-99a (91 ± 4%), miR-125b/miR-100 (93 ± 5%) or miR-125b/miR-99a/miR-100 (82 ± 17%) compared with miR-125b-transduced cells (38 ± 13%, P<0.05). Co-expression of these miRNAs resulted in downregulation of DNTT, NUCKS1, MALAT1, SNRPE, PNO1, SET, KIF5B, PRPS2, RPS11, RPL38 and RPL23A (fold-change 1.3-1.9, p<0.05). Similarly, 7 out of these genes are lower expressed in vincristine-resistant ALL cells of children (p<0.05). The concerted function of miR-125b in combination with miR-99a and/or miR-100 illustrates the complexity of vincristine-resistant pediatric ALL.
Trace and Ward-Takahashi identity anomalies in an SU(3) current model with energy-momentum tensor

We discuss the validity of the naive Ward-Takahashi identities and trace identities for arbitrary n-point functions (n-pf's) of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector currents and the improved energy-momentum tensor, thus extending the previous investigations in a unified way. We show that the validity of the naive Ward-Takahashi identities of the energy-momentum tensor implies the satisfaction of those of the vector currents. This removes an ambiguity concerning the minimal sets of anomalous current Ward-Takahashi identities. We find that all the anomalous Ward-Takahashi identities for the broad structure of n-pf's are again restricted to the axial-vector current of n- pf's of abnormal parity in a well-defined pattern, and the trace identity anomalies occur only in normal-parity n-pf's. We give all these anomalies. Our results show that there are no new anomalies associated with the inclusion of the energy-momentum tensor in the n-pf's.
Nanomechanics and quantum mechanics of molecular systems

The recent resurgence of activity in molecular electronics, outlined in this review, has evolved through a number of scientific and economic drivers. This can be partially ascribed to developments in nanoscale science and technology such as new fabrication methods and probes that enable individual molecules or small numbers to be connected into actual test devices. The driving force behind this research is clearly the need for suitable alternative technologies to Si-based CMOS, which is expected to reach its limitations in 10-20 years. Our understanding and concepts of what molecular electronics might look like in the future have changed significantly as a result of all of these factors. (2 pages)
Longitudinal Studies of the Undergraduate Experience

How College Works, by Daniel F. Chambliss and Christopher G. Takacs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. 224 pages. $29.95 Hardcover and Ebook.Paying for the Party: How College Maintains...
Current strategies for the management of neonatal urea cycle disorders

The treatment of newborns with urea cycle disorders has evolved over the years into a complex multidisciplinary effort. The complexity derives from the number of issues that must be addressed simultaneously. At the Urea Cycle Disorders Consensus Meeting held in Washington, D.C., a panel of physicians and other professionals with extensive experience in this field was assembled to bring some systematization to this task. This manuscript is a condensation of the collective opinion and experience of that group. The outcome of untreated or poorly treated patients with urea cycle disorders is universally bad. Although a favorable outcome is not always feasible, even with the best therapy, the methods outlined here should help treat such a patient by drawing on the experience of others who have treated patients with urea cycle disorders. This article does not purport to be the final word in treating children with these disorders. However, by establishing some common ground, new methods can be tried and compared with existing ones. In a future that holds the prospect of gene therapy "cures" for these diseases, striving for the best possible outcome in the critical newborn period is a worthy goal.
Developmental Differences in Megakaryocyte Size in Infants and Children

Developmental differences in megakaryocytes between neonates and adults have been described. However, the age at which megakaryocytes make a transition to an adult phenotype is unknown. Small megakaryocytes are often described as “dysplastic” in the pathology literature. Thus, recognizing the normal features of megakaryocytes at different ages has diagnostic implications. We identified 72 samples from 61 patients, aged 3 days to 80 years, who had negative staging based on bone marrow examination. Megakaryocyte diameters, as highlighted with anti-CD61, were measured. A scatter plot of megakaryocyte size by age revealed a normal distribution of sizes at the youngest ages, with a shift to multiple peaks starting at 24 months indicating that neonates have megakaryocytes of uniform sizes, which diverge into separate clusters of smaller and larger cells beginning at 2 years; this is followed by an overall shift toward larger megakaryocytes at age 4 years. These observations have direct implications for the evaluation of bone marrow megakaryocytes in young children. Upon completion of this activity you will be able to: The ASCP is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The ASCP designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit ™ per article. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. This activity qualifies as an American Board of Pathology Maintenance of Certification Part II Self-Assessment Module. The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose. Questions appear on p 160. Exam is located at [www.ascp.org/ajcpcme][1]. [1]: http://www.ascp.org/ajcpcme