cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution in the surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis: Current indications and pitfalls

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) consists of a range of inflammatory conditions in the sinuses that can result in clinical symptoms. The underlying pathophysiology and its relationship to lower airway disease are complex. Current definitions of CRS can serve more as an indication for potential surgical intervention rather than a marker of disease state. CRS can be asymptomatic and may require medical management to avoid disease progression and minimize the risk of lower airway disease. Endoscopic surgery has undergone a significant evolution and refinement, but the most common surgical complication remains persistent inflammation and disease recurrence. It is important to recognize that surgery alone rarely cures CRS and patients require long-term medical therapy for continued asymptomatic inflammation. Careful postoperative care and endoscopic follow-up to ensure resolution of inflammation are key to ensuring optimal surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of revision surgery. Future work on CRS endotypes will allow discovery of new therapies to treat CRS, as well as refine indications for medical or surgical intervention and postoperative care.
Nondestructive Analysis of Buried Interfacial Behaviors of Flux Residue and Their Impact on Interfacial Mechanical Property

Flux materials are ubiquitously utilized in the microelectronics industry during back-end processing. The Cu oxides or organic solderability preservatives present on Cu posts used in flip-chip packages must be removed by flux before solder reflow and die attachment to ensure a quality connection between the substrate and the die. However, flux residues can cause solder bridging, which renders the device useless. These residues must be studied in situ at the buried interface to determine fundamental interactions and how the residues can be eliminated. In this paper, model flux residues were investigated at the surface and the buried epoxy interface with sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Glutaric acid. served as the model flux, simulating fluxes that use dicarboxylic acids as one of the main components of the fluxing agent. It was found that the flux residues greatly change the buried interface on both Cu and silica surfaces, which affects properties such as adhesion. It was also observed that the fluxes require long washing times before they are completely removed. This paper is a step forward in flux residue analysis and will help the industry better understand molecular-level details of commonly used processes.
The NP-Completeness of the bandwidth minimization problem

The Problem of minimizing the bandwidth of the nonzero entries of a sparse symmetric matrix by permuting its rows and columns and some related combinatorial problems are shown to be NP-Complete.
Teaching about Computers and Translation

A lo largo de sus cincuenta anos de exitos y fracasos, la investigacion en Traduccion Automatica ha seguido caminos divergentes, reinterpretando el papel de la maquina y el humano en el proceso de automatizacion. Desde una perspectiva pedagogica, la TA ha atraido–y atrae–a estudiantes procedentes de una amplia gama de disciplinas. Esto plante un gran reto a los formadores, que se ven obligados a adaptar sus programaciones docentes en funcion de las destrezas particulares de cada comunidad meta.El presente trabajo aborda algunas de las cuestiones claves en la ensenanza de la traduccion automatica. La primera seccion repasa la nocion de TA, reubicandola en un marco de referencia mas amplio. La segunda presenta una taxonomia de potenciales discentes. Las siguientes secciones (3, 4 y 5) se centran en las principales comunidades meta de la ensenanza de TA en la actualidad (estudiantes de Linguistica Computacional, Traduccion y Lenguas Extranjeras, respectivamente). La seccion secta presenta brevemente nuestras conclusiones.
Review of Numerical Approaches for Modeling Global Transport

Many important atmospheric problems being addressed today, particularly with respect to climate and the role of chemistry in climate, are recognized as global in extent and require solution over the entire earth. Although many aspects such as chemical interactions are local in nature and present no special geometrical problems, the transport by atmospheric winds is a global problem and errors in transport may produce far reaching ramifications in other processes. The spherical geometry of the earth introduces a class of technical problems not found in Cartesian geometry. In this review we consider the aspects of the problem which are unique to the sphere. Problems with a time scale fast enough such that a domain of a hemisphere or smaller is required can easily avoid the problems associated with spherical geometry at minimal expense. Several conformal projections are available over which a uniform grid can be superimposed with the map scale factor varying by less than two in a hemisphere. Innumerable modern approximation schemes can be applied to such grids and provide excellent transport calculations. Rood’s (1987) excellent review describes many of these and considers their relative merits in cartesian geometry. This review will not repeat that comparison but rather describe how various types of schemes have been adapted to spherical geometry and how their properties may be affected by that adaptation.
INTRA-RATER TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY AND RESPONSE STABILITY OF THE FUSIONETICS™ MOVEMENT EFFICIENCY TEST.

Background A new functional movement assessment, known as the Fusionetics- Movement Efficiency (ME) Test, has recently been introduced in the literature. Before the potential clinical utility of the ME Test can be examined, the reliability of this assessment must be established. Purpose To examine the intra-rater test-retest reliability of the Fusionetics- ME Test. Study design Cross-sectional. Methods ME Test data were collected among 23 (6 males, 17 females) university students (mean ± SD, age = 25.96 ± 3.16 yrs; height = 170.70 ± 9.96 cm; weight = 66.89 ± 12.67 kg) during sessions separated by 48 hours (Day 1, Day 2). All participants completed the seven sub-tests of the ME Test: 2-Leg Squat, 2-Leg Squat with Heel Lift, 1-Leg Squat, Push-Up, Shoulder Movements, Trunk Movements, and Cervical Movements. Overall ME Test scores and ME Test scores for each individual sub-test were calculated on a scale of 0 - 100 (worst - best) based on commonly observed movement compensations associated with each sub-test. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1) statistics indicated that the intra-rater test-retest reliability of the Overall ME Test and individual sub-tests ranged from fair-to-excellent (ICC3,1 range = 0.55 - 0.84). Statistically significant differences in ME Test scores were identified between Day 1 and Day 2 among the 2-Leg Squat with Heel Lift (p = 0.015) and Cervical Movements (p = 0.005) sub-tests. In addition, a large range in the standard error of the measure (SEM) and minimal detectable change values (MDC90% & MDC95%) were identified within individual sub-tests of the ME Test (SEM range = 7.05 - 13.44; MDC90% range = 16.40 - 31.27; MDC95% range = 19.53 - 37.25), suggesting that the response stability varies among these individual sub-tests. Prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa statistics (κPABA) suggest that 55 of the 60 (92%) individual movement compensations hold moderate-to-almost perfect intra-rater test-retest reliability (κPABA range = 0.30 - 1.00). Conclusions Excellent intra-rater test-retest reliability of the Overall ME Test score was identified, and thus, clinicians can reliably utilize the Fusionetics- ME Test to assess change in functional movement quality across time. However, caution should be taken if utilizing an individual sub-test to assess functional movement quality over time. Level of evidence 2b.
Examining Patterns of Change in the Acquired Capability for Suicide Among Eating Disorder Patients.

OBJECTIVE Several models of suicidal behavior posit that, to transition from suicidal ideation to attempting suicide, individuals must have an acquired capability for suicide (ACS), comprised of fearlessness about death (FAD) and pain tolerance. ACS is hypothesized to increase monotonically through exposure to painful and provocative experiences. However, recent research suggests that ACS can decrease, bringing into question the hypothesis of monotonic increase. This study examined the nature of change in ACS over time within a sample of patients with eating disorder (ED). We predicted that there would be two classes of change in ACS: one high and increasing and one moderate and stable. METHOD One hundred female patients with ED reported on ACS at admission and weekly during treatment. RESULTS Growth mixture modeling to test models of FAD and pain tolerance identified that, for both factors, a one-class intercept-only model was the best-fitting model, suggesting that patients entered treatment with midlevel ACS and experienced no significant linear change over the course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Acquired capability for suicide demonstrated stability in this study; results highlight the need for additional research examining ACS across different timescales and in varied populations.
Education decisions and labour market outcomes

The financial return to a college degree is an increasing concern amid rising tuition costs and stagnant wages. Using the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002), I analyse the effect of po...
Fast, accurate solutions for 3D strain volumes in a heterogeneous half space

Deformation in the Earth displays many degrees of localization. The mechanics of faulting can be well represented by slip on a 2D surface discretized in piecewise linear boundary elements. Distributed anelastic deformation associated with fluid flow, magma transfer, or viscoelastic relaxation can be approximated by anelastic strain discretized in 3D volume elements. The stress, traction, and displacement kernels for these elements form the basis of forward and inverse modeling of Earth's deformation during the seismic cycle, volcanic unrest or hydrologic change. While there are a number of techniques for computing these kernels for 2D fault surfaces, the techniques for 3D strain volumes are less developed. To improve the models of Earth's deformation, we extend previous work to numerically calculate these kernels for 3D strain volumes in a heterogeneous half space. The model provides high-precision displacement and stress for all these cases in a self-consistent manner. We exploit the adaptive multi-grid elastic solver implemented in the software Gamra (Landry and Barbot, 2016) to compute the deformation induced by boundary and volume elements with high numerical efficency. We demonstrate the correctness of the method with analytic tests. We illustrate the performance by computing a large-scale model of postseismic deformation for the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake with heterogeneous material properties. The open-source, freely available software can be useful for the calculation of elasto-static Green's functions for localized and distributed deformation in a heterogeneous Earth.
How does growth misspecification affect management advice derived from an integrated fisheries stock assessment model

Abstract Analysts must make many decisions regarding model specification when fitting integrated fishery stock assessment models. While variation in vital rates (i.e., recruitment, somatic growth, and natural mortality) is common, capturing this variation in models fit to available data is often infeasible or impractical. Failing to account for this variation can result in underestimates of uncertainty and even biased estimates of stock status used for management advice. Here, we seek to determine how growth misspecification affects management advice derived from integrated stock assessment models that use the Stock Synthesis platform. We conduct a simulation-based case study on California Current petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) to test whether and how the inclusion or omission of somatic-growth variation introduces bias into management reference points when estimation models misspecify growth. Scenarios we explored included inter-annual and regime-like changes in two key parameters (k, the initial slope of the growth curve, and L2, the asymptotic maximum length) used to model somatic growth in Stock Synthesis. We find misspecification of growth can overestimate management quantities, particularly the estimate of current biomass relative to the unfished biomass (stock depletion). This results in an overly optimistic view of stock status. This bias may be mitigated or eliminated if the assessment model includes growth variation. Including growth variation in the estimation model can also reduce the uncertainty in estimated management quantities by correctly attributing process error to somatic growth. However, the magnitude of detected biases is exceeded by the uncertainty when data are limited, suggesting that estimating growth variation is helpful only in relatively data-rich stock assessment models. We suggest authors of data-rich assessments consider incorporating time-varying growth parameters into assessment models or decision tables more frequently to account for potential biases and reduce uncertainty caused by temporal growth variation.
EMBOLIC STROKE IN A PATIENT WITH EVANS SYNDROME RECEIVING RITUXIMAB THERAPY

Cardioembolic stroke remains an important cause of stroke in the young. In the absence of usual causes, uncommon etiologies need to be considered especially in the setting of immunosuppression. A 36-year-old Caucasian female with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Evans syndrome on Rituximab
Yelping about a good time: casino popularity and crime

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is fast becoming a standard medium of communication when people are looking for information about where to go for a good time. Exploring the content of reviews poste...
Sounds good: the bright future of clinical alarm management initiatives.

For decades, those working in hospitals normalised the incessant alarms from medical devices as a necessary, almost comforting, reality of a high tech industry. While nurses drowned in excessive, frequently uninformative alarms, other members of the healthcare team often paid little attention. Fortunately, times are changing and managing alarm fatigue is now a key patient safety priority in acute care environments.1 Adverse patient events from alarm fatigue, particularly related to excessive physiological monitor alarms, have received widespread attention over the last decade, including from the news media.2–5 In the USA, hospitals redoubled alarm safety efforts following the 2013 Joint Commission Sentinel Event Alert and subsequent National Patient Safety Goals on alarm safety.1 2 6 We are now beginning to understand how to reduce excessive non-actionable alarms (including invalid alarms as well as those that are valid but not actionable or informative),7 8 better manage alarm notifications and ultimately improve patient safety. Alarm data are readily available and measuring alarm response time during patient care is possible.7 9 Yet we have few high-quality reports describing clear improvement to clinical alarm burden, and most published interventions are of limited scope, duration or both.10 11 To demonstrate value in alarm quality improvement (QI) efforts moving forward, we need more rigorous evidence for interventions and more meaningful outcome measures. In this issue of BMJ Quality and Safety, Pater et al 12 report the results of a comprehensive multidisciplinary alarm management QI project executed over 3½ years in a 17-bed paediatric acute care cardiology unit. The primary project goal was to reduce alarm notifications from continuous bedside monitoring. Although limited to a single unit, the project is an important contribution to the scant literature on alarm …
Delay in coronary artery bypass grafting for STEMI patients improves hospital morbidity and mortality

The optimal timing of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with ST elevated acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear. The purpose of the study is to evaluate and compare the outcomes in STEMI patients who underwent CABG within the various time intervals within the first 7 days of either emergent or urgent hospital admission. Patients aged 30 years old and older diagnosed with STEMI who underwent CABG within first 7 days after non-elective hospital admission were selected from the National Inpatient Sample 2010–2014 using the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure codes. These patients were divided into 3 cohorts based on timing of surgery: within 24 h (group A), 2nd-3rd day (group B), and 4th–7th day (group C). The rates of postoperative complications, mortality, and postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS) were compared using the Chi-square test, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. A total of 5963 patients were identified: group A = 28.5%, group B = 36.1%, group C = 35.4%. Mean age overall was 63.1 ± 11.1 years; 76.9% were males and 72.9% were whites. Compared to groups B and C, patients in group A were more likely to develop cardiac complications (OR [odds ratio] =1.33, 95%CI [confidence interval] 1.12–1.59 and OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.17–1.67, respectively) and respiratory complications (OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.13–1.51 and OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.32–1.78, respectively). They were also more likely to have renal complications (OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.11–1.54) and bleeding (OR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.37) than patients in group B and had a similar tendency compared to group C. We did not find significant differences in the above complications between groups B and C. Postoperative stroke and sternal wound infection rates were similar between all three groups. In-hospital mortality was also higher in group A (8.2%) compared to group B (3.5%) and group C (2.9%, P < 0.0001 for both); differences between groups B and C were not significant. This was confirmed in the multivariable logistic regression analysis with controlling for age, gender, race, the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and complications (group A vs B: OR = 1.85, 95%CI 1.52–2.25; group A vs C: OR = 2.21; 95%CI 1.82–2.68). Patients in group A had a significantly longer postoperative LOS (median 7 days with IQR [interquartile range] 5–10 days) compared to those in group B (median 6 days, IQR 5–8 days) and group C (median 6 days, IQR 4–8 days; P < 0.0001 for both). The results of this study show that despite the urgency and severity of STEMI, patients who undergo CABG within the first 24 h after non-elective hospital admission have increased hospital morbidity and mortality. These findings suggest that a delay in surgery beyond the first 24 h may be beneficial to patient outcomes. Furthermore, there is a significant cost effectiveness when the patients delay surgery because the hospital length of stay is reduced as well as the subsequent hospital costs.
60-day major adverse cardiac events in emergency department patients with non-low modified HEART scores.

Abstract Background A low (0–3) History, Electrocardiogram, Age, Risk factors and Troponin (HEART) score reliably identifies ED chest pain patients who are low risk for near-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). To optimize sensitivity, many clinicians employ a modified HEART score by repeating troponin measurements and excluding patients with abnormal troponin values or ischemic electrocardiograms (ECGs). The residual MACE risk among patients with otherwise non-low (≥4) modified HEART scores is thus likely much lower than with non-low original HEART scores. Objective To explore residual 60-day MACE risks among patients with non-low modified HEART scores. Methods Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of ED patients presenting with chest pain to an integrated healthcare system between 2013 and 2015. Patients with serial troponin measurements within 6 h of ED arrival were considered for inclusion. Exclusions included an ischemic ECG, troponin values above the 99th percentile or a lack of continuous health plan coverage through the 60-day follow-up period. MACE was defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock or death. Results There were 22,976 study eligible patients encounters, 13,521 (59%) of which had non-low (≥4) modified HEART scores. The observed 60-day MACE risk among non-low HEART score patients was 2.0% (95% CI 1.8–2.3). When including all coronary revascularizations (MACE-R), the risk was 4.4% (95% CI 4.1–4.4). Conclusion Risk of near-term MACE among patients with non-low modified HEART scores (excluding those with abnormal troponin or ischemic ECGs) appears to be much lower than in the original HEART score validation studies.
Microstructure of the retinal pigment epithelium near-infrared autofluorescence in healthy young eyes and in patients with AMD

Retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells are essential for maintaining normal visual function, especially in their role in the visual cycle, and are thought to be one of the first cell classes affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Clinical imaging systems routinely evaluate the structure of the RPE at the tissue level, but cellular level information may provide valuable RPE biomarkers of health, aging and disease. In this exploratory study, participants were imaged with 795 nm excitation in adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) to observe the microstructure of the near-infrared autofluorescence (AO-IRAF) from the RPE layer in healthy retinas and patients with AMD. The expected hexagonal mosaic of RPE cells was only sometimes seen in normal eyes, while AMD patients exhibited highly variable patterns of altered AO-IRAF. In some participants, AO-IRAF structure corresponding to cones was observed, as we have demonstrated previously. In some AMD patients, marked alterations in the pattern of AO-IRAF could be seen even in areas where the RPE appeared relatively normal in clinical imaging modalities, such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). AO-IRAF imaging using AOSLO offers promise for better detection and understanding of early RPE changes in the course of AMD, potentially before clinical signs appear.
Comparison of a Multi-Component Physical Function Battery to Usual Walking Speed for Assessing Lower Extremity Function and Mobility Limitation in Older Adults.

To compare a composite measure of physical function that comprises locomotor and non-locomotor tests (i.e., the Mobility Battery Assessment (MBA)) with traditional measures of mobility (4-m usual gait speed (UGS), six-minute walk (6MW) gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score) for assessing lower extremity function and discriminating community dwelling older adults with and without mobility limitations. Cross-sectional, observational study. Laboratory-based. 89 community-dwelling older adults (74.9±6.7). Using principal component analysis we derived an MBA score for 89 community-dwelling older adults, and quantified 4-m UGS, 6MW gait speed, and SPPB score. The MBA score was based on five lab-based tests. We also quantified self-reported lower extremity function/mobility using the Neuro-QOL Lower Extremity Function-Mobility instrument. Based on this data a continuous score was derived and subjects were classified as “mobility limited” or “non-mobility limited”. Correlations between the mobility measures and the Neuro-QOL score were calculated, and ROC curves were constructed to determine the AUC for the mobility measures ability to predict mobility limitations. The MBA had the largest AUC (0.92) for discriminating mobility limitations and exhibited the strongest correlation (0.73) with the Neuro-QOL Lower Extremity Function-Mobility Scale. The worst performing predictors were the 4-meter UGS and stair climb power both with an AUC of 0.8 for discriminating mobility limitations, and a low correlation with Neuro-QOL Lower Extremity Function Scale of 0.39 and 0.46, respectively. The MBA score moderately improves the magnitude of correlation and discrimination of mobility limitation in older adults than singular, standard tests of mobility.
Indicators of Sarcopenia: Sex Differences in Competitive Runners Prior to Peak Muscle Mass

Strength, muscle mass, and muscle quality have been observed to be compromised in low body-mass index individuals such as competitive runners, increasing their risk for sarcopenia. The purpose was to compare indices of sarcopenia in young runners to age, height, body-mass, and body-mass index-matched non-runners. Handgrip strength and arm composition from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (baseline-T1, T2=5.3±1.4, T3=11.5±0.7 months later) were assessed in 40 non-runners and 40 runners (19.3±0.7 vs. 19.2±1.1 years, 170.7±10.3 vs. 171.1±9.1 cm, 60.2±7.4 vs. 60.2±7.9 kg, 20.6±0.9 vs. 20.5±1.5 kg m-2). The unitless variable of muscle quality, was defined as the sum of right and left maximal handgrip (in kg) divided by the sum of bone-free lean mass of both arms (in kg). Female runners displayed the highest muscle quality (T1=15.3±1.7; T3=15.7±2.0) compared to male runners (T1=13.7±1.4, p < 0.001; T3=14.2±1.6, p < 0.001) and male non-runners (T1=12.4±1.8, p=0.001; T3=13.2±1.6, p < 0.001), while female non-runners (T1=14.6±2.5, p=0.154; T3=15.1 ±2.2, p=0.124) showed higher muscle quality than male non-runners. Higher muscle quality in low-body-mass index females persists over one-year during young-adulthood and while running contributes to whole-body muscle mass accrual, it does not appear to be significantly associated with improvements in the most commonly used upper-body diagnostic indicator of sarcopenia.
Tenancy and clientelism

Abstract Elites persist in developing countries despite democratization and development. I demonstrate that landed elites maintain political power through entrenched clientelist networks and economic dependency of rural agricultural tenants and sharecroppers. Exploiting elections during a non-democratic regime and household-level panel data from Pakistan, I show that the political transition resulted in higher sharecropping and private transfers for incumbents’ clients. I argue that sharecropping facilitates patronage and that economic transitions can affect prospects for political capture. I demonstrate that an agricultural technology change that increases the efficiency cost of sharecropping can diminish the persistence of landed elites by reducing the likelihood of landlords’ electoral success in historically landlord-dominated areas.
5-HT1A and 5-HT2A Signaling, Desensitization, and Downregulation: Serotonergic Dysfunction and Abnormal Receptor Density in Schizophrenia and the Prodrome.

The significant role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) in the pathogenesis and early development of schizophrenia has been established by contemporary research through the assessment of structural and pharmacological neuroimaging, blood metabolites, cerebrospinal fluid, genome polymorphisms, and other valid indicators of abnormal serotonergic activity in prodromal, ultra-high-risk, and schizophrenic patient groups. A modern approach toward understanding the complex psychophysiology behind schizophrenia will be outlined through the demonstration of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors as key modulators within the spectrum of negative symptoms associated with schizoaffective disorders, including a variety of disturbances in cognition, behavior, mood, social function, perception of reality, and hormonal response to stressors. This paper will review the evidence for attributing the risk of schizophrenia onset to early defects in serotonergic neurotransmission and explore the perspective of selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) pharmacotherapy as a method of treatment and intervention for prodromal and ultra-high-risk patients by increasing 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity levels and modifying the transcription of 5-HT1A receptor-associated gene expression in these groups.
J-Domain Proteins Promote Client Relay from Hsp70 During Tail-Anchored Membrane Protein Targeting

J-domain proteins (JDPs) play essential roles in assisting Hsp70 function in diverse aspects of protein biogenesis. Previous work showed that JDPs act by recruiting Hsp70 to client proteins, assisting Hsp70 in client trapping, and regulating the ATPase cycle of Hsp70. Here we report that JDPs can further enhance the conformational quality of Hsp70-bound client proteins during tail-anchored membrane protein (TA) targeting. In the guided-entry-of-tail-anchored protein (GET) pathway in yeast, newly synthesized TAs are captured and solubilized by the cytosolic Hsp70 Ssa1, which further initiates sequential TA handovers to downstream chaperones, Sgt2 and Get3, to enable their delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum. We found that two J-domain proteins (JDPs), Ydj1 and Sis1, function in parallel to support the ER targeting of TAs in vivo . Biochemical analyses showed that, while Ydj1 and Sis1 differ in their ability to assist Ssa1 in TA trapping, both JDPs enhance the transfer of Ssa1-bound TA substrate to Sgt2. The ability of the JDPs to remodel the conformation and ATPase activity of Ssa1, rather than their client binding activity, is essential for enhancing the transfer competence of Ssa1-bound TAs and for supporting TA insertion in vivo. Our results define the Hsp70 cochaperone requirement for the GET pathway and demonstrate a role of JDPs in improving the conformational quality of Hsp70-bound membrane protein clients.
The Dynamic Relationship Between Alpha and Beta Power and Next-Day Suicidal Ideation in Individuals With Treatment-Resistant Depression

Abstract Background Nocturnal wakefulness has emerged as a potential predictor of short-term suicide risk. This analysis used dynamic temporal patterns in alpha and beta power and global sleep metrics to explore the possible link between next-day suicidal ideation (NDSI) and wakefulness measures in unmedicated participants with treatment-resistant depression. Methods Thirty-three medication-free participants with treatment-resistant depression completed overnight polysomnography. Alpha and beta spectral power as functions over time were used to represent arousal-related components of the dynamic sleep process. A functional data analytic approach (multilevel functional principal component analysis [MFPCA]) was used to preserve the oscillatory nature of the data; MFPCA PC scores were then associated with NDSI. Associations between NDSI and polysomnography-defined wakefulness after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and total sleep time were also evaluated. Results NDSI had the strongest relationship with the second beta PC score (slope = 0.09 [90% credible interval, 0.03 to 0.14]), which represented an oscillating pattern that reflected disturbed sleep. The first PCs from both alpha and beta MFPCAs represented the overall magnitude of power and were most closely associated with traditional polysomnography metrics but were not related to NDSI. Results were equivocal for wakefulness after sleep onset with NDSI and did not support a relationship between NDSI and either sleep efficiency or total sleep time, highlighting the value of information contained in oscillating electroencephalogram patterns for identifying physiological links between nocturnal wakefulness and NDSI. Conclusions This study leveraged the dynamic nature of wakefulness-related electroencephalogram frequencies and provides a potential electrophysiological link between suicidal ideation and wakefulness during sleep in individuals with treatment-resistant depression.
Expanding EPR Oximetry into Transfusion Medicine

Factors that impact the need for and the effectiveness of blood transfusions depend on the recipient’s physiologic tolerance to acute anemia and the quality of the donor units that they receive. To date, indirect methods are used to determine the needs for blood transfusions and their efficacy in both clinical research and patient care settings. Methods that provide clear information on oxygen levels in tissues would fill both critical gaps in the global understanding of blood transfusion. However, only a limited number of techniques are truly useful to achieve the goals of assessing the direct measurement of tissue oxygen partial pressures (pO2). This is because most methods do not directly measure tissue oxygen but instead are based on surrogates presumed to adequately define oxygenation of critical organs. This does not mean that indirect substitutes for tissue pO2 have been valueless. Nonetheless, direct measurements are needed to understand oxygenation at the tissue level. This synopsis describes the potential role of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry to provide guidance in transfusion medicine, pointing out the current benefits and limitations of using this technique. Further, we suggest approaches toward evolving this technique to optimize measurements of oxygenation in proof-of-concept and clinical transfusion assessment settings.
Multi-site Incremental Image Quality Assessment of Structural MRI via Consensus Adversarial Representation Adaptation.

Deep learning based image quality assessment (IQA) is useful for automatic quality control of medical images but requires a large number of training data. Though using multi-site data can significantly increase the training sample size and improve the performance of the IQA model, there are technical and legal issues involved in the sharing of patient data across different sites. When data are not sharable, devising a single IQA model that is applicable to all sites is challenging. To overcome this problem, we introduce a multi-site incremental IQA (MSI-IQA) method for structural MRI, which first trains an IQA model from one site, and then sequentially and incrementally improves the IQA model in other sites using transfer learning and consensus adversarial representation adaptation (CARA) without explicit data sharing between sites.
Thermophoresis of an antiferromagnetic soliton

We study the dynamics of an antiferromagnetic soliton under a temperature gradient. To this end, we start by phenomenologically constructing the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for an antiferromagnet with the aid of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We then derive the Langevin equation for the soliton's center of mass by the collective coordinate approach. An antiferromagentic soliton behaves as a classical massive particle immersed in a viscous medium. By considering a thermodynamic ensemble of solitons, we obtain the Fokker-Planck equation, from which we extract the average drift velocity of a soliton. The diffusion coefficient is inversely proportional to a small damping constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, which can yield a drift velocity of tens of m/s under a temperature gradient of 1 K/mm for a domain wall in an easy-axis antiferromagnetic wire with $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$.
Van der Waerden and Van der Corput: Dialog in Letters

This correspondence is an invaluable resource for understanding Van der Waerden’s and Van der Corput’s views on scholars’ moral standards during the Nazi era and the occupation of Holland, and, more generally, the moral dilemmas posed by the war and its aftermath. If you wish to read one chapter, I recommend this one.
Strategic poll responses when elections create mandates

Larger margins of victory impart mandates that pull government policy toward a winner's platform. Voters with centrist preferences then may find pre-election polls useful. Centrists wish to moderate mandates and may abstain rather than vote for the nearest candidate. If polls are known to elicit voting intentions, then races will tend to be closer than predicted, and turnout will be highest in races predicted to be tight. However, voters at the extremes will respond to polls with guile – indeed all voters will. As a result, centrists cannot rely on pre-election polls, and poll results have no effect on voting.
Let’s Get Real

This paper gives an overview of promising new developments in robust stability and performance analysis of linear control systems with real parametric uncertainty. The goal is to develop a practical algorithm for medium size problems, where medium size means less than 100 real parameters, and "practical" means avoiding combinatoric (nonpolynomial) growth in computation with the number of parameters for all of the problems which arise in engineering applications. We present an algorithm and experimental evidence to suggest that this goal has, for the first time, been achieved. We also place these results in context by comparing with other approaches to robustness analysis and considering potential extensions, including controller synthesis.
It's Personal but Is It Mine? Toward Property Rights in Personal Information

It's Personal But Is It Mine? Toward Property Rights in Personal Information discusses the disturbing erosion of privacy suffered by the American society in recent years due to citizens' loss of control over their personal information. This information, collected and traded by commercial enterprises, receives almost no protection under current law. I argue that, in order to protect privacy, individuals need to secure control over their information by becoming its legal owners. In this article, I confront two fundamental questions that have not been specifically addressed in the privacy literature before: why property is the most appropriate regime for regulating rights in personal information, and why individuals have a stronger moral claim to personal information than its collectors. Recognizing that individual rights may not be absolute, I further propose a way to balance them with rights of collectors and public at large, explore a range of legal and practical implications the new rules may create, and make suggestions regarding the enforcement of information privacy rights.
Effects of monocular visual deprivation on geniculocortical innervation of area 18 in cat

The effects of long-term monocular visual deprivation (MD) on the structure of the terminal arborizations of individual Y-type geniculocortical axons was studied in the cat's cortical area 18. Physiologically classified axons were filled with HRP by intracellular injection, and the three-dimensional distribution of the axons' terminal arborizations was quantified. Individual boutons observed at the light microscope (LM) level were verified as sites of synaptic contact by correlated light and electron microscopy (EM). Single boutons were serially sectioned and reconstructed for subsequent three-dimensional analysis. The arborizations of 17 Y-axons [6 normal (N), 6 nondeprived (ND), and 5 deprived (D)] were analyzed at the LM level, and 372 boutons (104 N, 129 ND, and 139 D) were fully reconstructed from serial sections for analysis at the EM level. MD leads to an expansion in the size of ND arborizations and a variable reduction in the size of the D arbors, which also have a higher bouton density than ND arborizations. ND axons form ectopic synapses, contacting proportionally more dendritic shafts than N or D boutons, and form more synapses per bouton, on average, than either N or D boutons. Compared to ND and N boutons, boutons of D axons are smaller, have fewer mitochondria, generally form synapses on a single target (usually dendritic spines), and occasionally make no synaptic contacts. The structural changes in the extent of individual axon arborizations may be the basis for change in ocular dominance column size with MD. However, the higher bouton density and variable effect on the extent of D axon arborization size suggest that considerable geniculocortical innervation from the deprived eye remains intact. The change in target preference for ND axons suggests that instead of a direct competition for postsynaptic sites by the developing geniculocortical axons innervated by the two retinas, the ND axon arborizations expand to invade synaptic space not normally occupied in such high proportion in the normal cortex. The severe changes in individual boutons following MD indicate that arborization size alone is not the only structural substrate underlying the altered responses of cortical neurons; changes in synaptic distribution onto target neurons may also play a role.
Sports Participation and Physical Education in American Secondary Schools: Current Levels and Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the current levels of physical education (PE) and sports participation among American secondary school students, and to establish the extent to which they vary by grade level, racial/ethnic background, and socioeconomic status (SES) of the students. Methods Nationally representative data were used from over 500 schools and 54,000 students surveyed in 2003, 2004, and 2005 as part of the Youth, Education, and Society (YES) study and the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. As part of YES, school administrators completed questionnaires on physical activity (including rates of sports and PE participation) of students in their schools. Students in the same schools completed self-administered questionnaires in the same year as part of MTF, providing individual background data, including their gender, racial/ethnic identification, and parents' education level. Data were analyzed in 2006. Results Physical education requirements, and actual student participation rates, decline substantially between 8th and 12th grades. About 87% of 8th graders were in schools that required them to take PE, compared to only 20% of 12th graders. Principals estimate that over 90% of 8th graders actually take PE, compared to 34% of 12th graders. Subgroup differences in PE participation rates were small. Only a fraction of all students participate in varsity sports during the school year, with girls participating only slightly less than boys (33% vs 37%). Participation correlates negatively with SES and was lower among black and Hispanic students than white students, even after controlling for other variables. Participation rates in intramural sports were even lower, declined in higher grades, and were lower among low-SES and Hispanic students (after controlling for other variables). Conclusions Physical education is noticeably lacking in American high schools for all groups. Racial/ethnic minorities and low-SES youth, who are at higher than average risk of being overweight in adolescence, are getting less exercise due to their lower participation in school sports. Disparities in resources available to minorities and lower-SES youth may help explain the differences in participation rates.
A versatile computer-controlled pulsed nuclear quadrupole resonance spectrometer

A new, pulsed nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectrometer capable of performing a variety of pulsed and swept experiments is described. The spectrometer features phase locked, superheterodyne detection using a commercial spectrum analyzer and a fully automatic, computer-controlled tuning and matching network. The tuning and matching network employs stepper motors which turn high power air gap capacitors in a “moving grid” optimization strategy to minimize the reflected power from a directional coupler. In the duplexer circuit, digitally controlled relays are used to switch different lengths of coax cable appropriate for the different radio frequencies. A home-built pulse programmer card controls the timing of radio frequency pulses sent to the probe, while data acquisition and control software is written in Microsoft Quick Basic. Spin-echo acquisition experiments are typically used to acquire the data, although a variety of pulse sequences can be employed. Scan times range from one to several hours depending upon the step resolution and the spectral range required for each experiment. Pure NQR spectra of NaNO2 and 3-aminopyridine are discussed.
Efficiency improvement of a nanostructured polymer solar cell employing atomic layer deposited Al2O3 as a passivation layer

Hybrid solar cells based on silicon nanochannel and PEDOT:PSS have been demonstrated.ALD grown Al2O3 passivation (recombination barrier) layer was employed.The described device was fabricated by low-cost, solution based methods.The maximum PCE in excess of 9.5% has been achieved. We report a hybrid heterojunction solar cell based on silicon nanochannel (SiNC) arrays and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophane):poly-styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) in excess of 9.50%. The described device is produced by spin coating the organic polymer PEDOT:PSS on SiNC arrays fabricated employing metal assisted electroless chemical etching methods. We utilized an ultrathin Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) interface passivation layer between the SiNC arrays and PEDOT:PSS layer and its influence on the photovoltaic performance of the device is analyzed herein. An open circuit voltage (VOC) and a short circuit current density (JSC) as high as 565mV and 28.4mA/cm2, respectively, were achieved, which lead to a PCE of 9.52% for the optimized SiNC depth of 1.35µm even without an antireflection coating and back surface field enhancement. The electrical performance of the described device is also analyzed in terms of the capacitance voltage (C-V) measurements collected at room temperature.
Lithium isotopes in global mid-ocean ridge basalts

Abstract The lithium isotope compositions of 30 well-characterized samples of glassy lavas from the three major mid-ocean ridge segments of the world, spanning a wide range in radiogenic isotope and elemental content and sea floor physical parameters, have been measured. The overall data set shows a significant range in δ7Li (+1.6 to +5.6), with no global correlation between Li isotopes and other geochemical or tectonic parameters. The samples with the greatest lithophile element depletion (N-MORB: K2O/TiO2