cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction and Effective Transport Properties of the Catalyst Layer in PEM Fuel Cells

In this study, a stochastic method for the microstructural reconstruction of catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is presented, and empirical expressions for the effective transport coefficients in the reconstructed catalyst layers are obtained for use in macroscale fuel cell simulations. The proposed reconstruction method is based on simulated annealing, where a reconstruction problem is formulated as an optimization problem. By exploiting information from the manufacturing process and adopting a trial statistical function, the proposed method performs three-phase reconstruction, consisting of platinum/carbon, electrolyte, and gas pores, with limited experimental information on the microstructure of the catalyst layer. The lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is used to evaluate the effective diffusivity in the reconstructed catalyst layers. Because the characteristic size of pores is of the order of the mean free path of gas molecules, both molecular and Knudsen diffusion are of importance in the catalyst layer. A validated higher-order LB method is employed to consider the finite Knudsen number (Kn) effects in the catalyst layer. Results show strong effects of Knudsen diffusion on reactant gas transport, especially at near-atmospheric pressures. An empirical expression for the tortuosity of the proton transport in the electrolyte phase is also obtained.
Heat sink optimization with application to microchannels

The equations governing the fluid dynamics and combined conduction/convection heat transfer in a heat sink are presented in dimensionless form for both laminar and turbulent flow. A scheme presented for solving these equations permits the determination of heat sink dimensions that display the lowest thermal resistance between the hottest portion of the heat sink and the incoming fluid. Results from the present method are applied to heat sinks reported by previous investigators to study effects of their restrictions regarding the nature of the flow (laminar or turbulent), the ratio of fin thickness to channel width, or the aspect ratio of the fluid channel. Results indicate that when the pressure drop through the channels is small, laminar solutions yield lower thermal resistance than turbulent solutions. Conversely, when the pressure drop is large, the optimal thermal resistance is found in the turbulent region. With the relaxation of these constraints, configurations and dimensions found using the present procedure produce significant improvement in thermal resistance over those presented by all three previous studies. >
Natural versus commercial carbohydrate supplementation and endurance running performance.

We examined the metabolic, performance and gastrointestinal (GI) effects of supplementation with a natural food product (raisins) compared to a commercial product (sport chews). Eleven male (29.3 ± 7.9 yrs; mean and SD) runners completed three randomized trials (raisins, chews and water only) separated by seven days. Each trial consisted of 80-min (75%VO2max) treadmill running followed by a 5-km time trial (TT). Heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), blood lactate, serum free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and insulin, plasma glucose and creatine kinase, GI symptoms and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded every 20-min. We employed a within-subject two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with a Fisher’s post hoc analysis to determine significant differences. VO2, HR, lactate, glycerol and RPE did not differ due to treatment. Average plasma glucose was maintained at resting levels (5.3 ± 0.4 mmol·L-1) during the sub-maximal exercise bout (5.9 ± 0.6, 5.7 ± 0.6 and 5.5 ± 0.5 mmol·L-1 for chews, raisins and water respectively), and was significantly higher with chews than water only. RER and % of non-protein macronutrient oxidation derived from carbohydrate was highest with chews, followed by raisins and water was the lowest (74.4 ± 6.4, 70.0 ± 7.0 and 65.1 ± 8.7% for chews, raisins and water respectively) during the sub-maximal exercise period. Serum FFA was higher in the water treatment versus both raisins and chews at 80 min of sub-maximal exercise. Serum insulin was higher with the chews than both raisins and water (5.1 ± 2.0, 3.1 ± 0.8, 1.9 ± 0.6 uU·ml-1 for chews, raisins and water respectively). Plasma creatine kinase, corrected for baseline values, for the last 40 min of the sub-maximal exercise bout, was higher with raisins compared to other treatments. The TT was faster for both carbohydrate supplements (20.6 ± 2.6, 20.7 ± 2.5, 21.6 ± 2.7 min for raisin, chews and water respectively). GI disturbance was mild for all treatments. Raisins and chews promoted higher carbohydrate oxidation and improved running performance compared to water only. Running performance was similar between the raisins and chews, with no significant GI differences.
Paradigm-Shifters: Phosphorylated Prolactin and Short Prolactin Receptors

Since the discovery of physiologically-regulated prolactin (PRL) phosphorylation, one focus of the laboratory has been an examination of the different functions of the unmodified and phosphorylated hormone. In the mammary gland, unmodified PRL promotes growth activities, whereas phosphorylated or pseudophosphorylated PRL antagonizes this while also being a superior agonist for changes that favor differentiation. Phosphorylated PRL also increases expression of the short forms of the PRL receptor. These short forms of the receptor have functions beyond the accepted dominant negative and in mammary epithelial cells are capable of generating an intracellular signal leading to increased tight junction formation and β-casein expression.
Integrative measures of consumption rates in salmon: expansion and application of a trace element approach

Summary 1. Establishing reliable estimates of consumption is necessary for understanding the physiology, bioenergetics and trophic relationships of organisms. For fish, the inability to measure consumption directly prevents a mechanistic understanding of habitat‐ foraging relationships. Building upon established models for 137 caesium (Cs) mass balance in fish, we used natural abundances of a stable geologically derived isotope of Cs to estimate consumption rates over the first growing season for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and to derive a general model that provides integrative estimates of consumption rates for individuals of all sizes. 2. To test the reliability of the trace metal approach we (i) performed a sensitivity analysis of model parameters and (ii) parameterized the model with site-specific data, including gut contents, Cs concentrations of invertebrate prey and assimilation rates. 3. We applied the method in two sites to make the first in situ determinations of consumption rates of individual age-0 salmon at post-larval and fry stages, for fish as small as 0·1 g. Consumption estimates were most responsive to changes in three parameters: Cs body burdens, Cs concentration in prey items and assimilation efficiency, all of which could be measured with high precision using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 4. The assimilation efficiency of Cs measured on field-caught age-0 salmon was approximately 60%. Consumption rates at 2 weeks post-stocking were highly variable in both sites, ranging from no detectable consumption to 8·5% fresh weight (fw) day − 1 . By the end of the growing season, consumption rates were less variable (2‐4% fw day − 1 ). 5. Synthesis and applications. This study is the first to demonstrate that background levels of geologically derived Cs can be used to estimate consumption rates of fish. Our results show that extremely low consumption rates during the first 6 weeks of life correspond closely with the critical survival period in other fish populations, and suggest a mechanism for a hypothesized survival bottleneck at this time. The results implicate the importance of early season habitat availability when considering management priorities of fish. Additionally, our use of stable Cs at natural abundance concentrations permits the global application of this trace element approach for estimating consumption rates of fish as well as other organisms. This general approach can be adopted for conservation and management settings in which it is necessary to identify suitable foraging habitat of a species or to quantify the relationship between consumption and growth.
An implant labeling technique employing sable hair probes as carriers for 3H-thymidine: Applications to the study of facial morphogenesis

An implant labeling technique is described that utilizes sable hair probes as carriers for a tritiated thymidine marker. The protocol that was developed produced localized labeling of specific embryonic cell populations. This procedure was applied to the analysis of facial process development in chick embryos. Evaluation of the technique demonstrated that the probe preparation procedure was consistently successful in producing labeled probes. Using labeled probes, the procedure was reliable in producing acceptable levels of labeling in chick embryonic tissues and labeling of localized cell populations was possible using the implant labeling technique. Surrounding the center of labeling, a gradient in intensity of labeling was often observed. This pattern presumably reflects declining availability of labeled thymidine as distance from the probe increased. The technique allowed excellent survival rates to be achieved provided that aseptic procedures were followed. Additionally, careful analysis of older embryos failed to reveal any malformations induced by the implant labeling procedure. The localized labeling patterns that were demonstrated during this investigation suggest that the implant labeling technique would provide a useful tool for following cell migration during facial process formation.
Adaptive algorithms for bilinear filtering

This paper presents an overview of adaptive nonlinear filters equipped with bilinear system models. Bilinear filters are recursive nonlinear systems that belong to the class of polynomial systems. Because of the feedback structure, such models are able to represent many nonlinear systems efficiently. The paper first describe stochastic gradient adaptive bilinear filters. The class of recursive least-squares adaptive bilinear filters are discussed next. Stability issues associated with bilinear system models and adaptive bilinear filters are also discussed in the paper. The paper concludes with an experimental comparison of the performance of linear, truncated second-order Volterra, and bilinear system models in a nonlinear channel equalization problem.
Percutaneous transthoracic ventricular puncture for diagnostic and interventional catheterization.

Objective: To describe our experience in a case series of patients requiring percutaneous direct ventricular puncture and sheath placement for diagnosis or intervention. Background: Access to the right or left ventricle for percutaneous interventions is limited in patients with mechanical prostheses in either the tricuspid, or mitral and aortic positions. Methods: After coronary angiography, direct ventricular puncture under ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance was performed. At end of case, protamine was given to reverse the heparin, and sheaths were pulled with purse-string suture closure of the skin entrance. Results: For right ventricular access, 8- to 9-F sheaths were placed from subxiphoid approach in 2 patients to allow conduit and pulmonary artery interventions. For left ventricular access in patients with mitral and aortic prostheses, 4- to 8-F sheaths were placed from apical approach to allow diagnostic evaluation in 1 and interventions in 5 to occlude perivalvular mitral leaks and postoperative ventricular septal defect. Complication in one consisted of intercostal vein injury resulting in hemothorax requiring chest tube drainage. Conclusion: In this small cases series, direct ventricular puncture allowed the intervention to proceed with up to 9-F sheath size. Attention to puncture site relative to intercostal vascular anatomy is warranted. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A continuous analyzer for soluble anionic constituents and ammonium in atmospheric particulate matter.

A new continuous soluble particle collector (PC) that does not use steam is described. Preceded by a denuder and interfaced with an ion chromatograph, this compact collector (3 in. o.d., ∼5 in. total height) permits collection and continuous extraction of soluble components in atmospheric particulate matter. The PC is mounted atop a parallel plate wetted denuder for removal of soluble gases. The soluble gas denuded air enters the PC through an inlet. One version of the PC contained an integral cyclone-like inlet. For this device, penetration of particles as a function of size was characterized. In the simpler design, the sampled air enters the PC through a nozzle, and deionized water flows through a capillary tube placed close to the exit side of the nozzle by Venturi action or is forcibly pumped. Some growth of the aerosol occurs in the highly humid mist-chamber environment, but the dominant aerosol capture mechanism involves capture by the water film that forms on the hydrophobic PTFE membrane filter th...
Nonlinear convective diffusion: A hyperfiltration application

A nonlinear unsteady state convective diffusion problem that describes the performance of a constant pressure cell is studied. The cell can be used to either determine membrane constants or to carry out batch filtration operations. It consists of a cylinder closed by a semipermeable membrane at one end and a piston at the other. The nonlinear partial differential equation governing the system was solved by both integral methods and the use of a similarity transformation. The similarity approach formulates the solution in the form of an infinite series and reduces the problem to finding the solution of an infinite system of ordinary differential equations. The series solution can be considered to be exact but its convergence is questionable for large values of time in the event B ≠ 0; when B = 0, the convergence is substantially better. Approximate solutions obtained by integral methods were examined in detail. It was found that the results obtained by these methods can involve serious errors, under certain circumstances, and these errors seem unpredictable a priori. Consequently, it is concluded that considerable care should be taken in the use of integral methods for solving mass transfer problems in which the velocity field is coupled with the convective diffusion equation and its boundary conditions. The numerical results obtained in this work are sufficiently comprehensive to be used, in conjunction with experimental data, to determine membrane constants which are required for the design of both continuous and batch membrane separation systems.
Do Young Infants Prefer an Infant-Directed Face or a Happy Face?.

Infants’ visual preference for infant-directed (ID) faces over adult-directed (AD) faces was examined in two experiments that introduced controls for emotion. Infants’ eye movements were recorded a...
Piagetian Theory and the Atypical Case: An Analysis of the Developmental Gerstmann Syndrome

This paper presents an analysis of a particular form of atypical cognitive development from the point of view of Piaget's normative developmental theory. Two 9-year-old boys are described who performed in the normal range on measures of IQ, language ability, and reading. The boys were unable, however, to acquire elementary numerical skills and also manifested other specific cognitive deficits associated with the Gerstmann syndrome. The results of additional testing on a battery of Piagetian tasks indicated that neither child had advanced to the Piagetian stage of concrete operations. These findings have implications both for Piaget's theory and for understanding the nature of the atypical development. Regarding atypical development, the findings indicate that children's acalculia is not an isolated deficit but rather that the general delay in the stage transition inhibited the children's development of numerical skills. With respect to Piagetian theory, the finding that the boys had not achieved numerical...
B3-2: Re-conceptualizing Medical Decisions: How Home Hospice Care Fosters Patient and Family Engagement and Decision-making

Background/Aims Despite growing acceptance that patient engagement and shared decision-making should be goals of medicine, organizational attempts to support these ideals are limited and larger institutional structures often constrain patient autonomy. Home hospice care is a subset of medical care that has consciously developed a philosophical and practical approach to encouraging patient and family engagement. This research examines how home hospice care provides a different strategy for improving patient engagement and shared decision-making.
Local Community Organizing and Change: Altering Policy in the Housing and Community Development System in Kansas City

This article presents a detailed case study of a local group of citizens organizing to hold governmental and nongovernmental organizations accountable for improving housing and communities in Kansas City, MO. The case study draws on a review of organizational archival documents (i.e., organizational attendance records and internal reports); public documents from local, state, and federal agencies; media coverage; and a series of qualitative interviews with participants. The case provides an example of successful local community action. Yet, it also highlights many of the challenges that organizing groups face in making lasting community change. Change is constant and ongoing. Citizens’ groups must therefore not only mobilize but also achieve a sustainable and politically viable presence to continually exert pressure. This is particularly true because citizen actions on behalf of community interests often provoke reactions from special interests and other defenders of the status quo. Case study methods represent a critical tool for documenting and understanding important community phenomena in a more holistic way. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Legal Environment of Physician Compensation

We provide a review of the U.S. legal environment that impacts physician compensation plans. We also identify areas where the legal environment places a binding constraint on an organization’s ability to design compensation plans. We review current research on models used for physician compensation, and identify areas for future work.
Undergraduate programs in computational science

The use of computation alongside the natural sciences is moving research forward at unprecedented rates. Computational scientists are in high demand, and the undergraduate level is a great place to begin training students for work in this area. Yet, the number of computational science programs available to undergraduate students is very limited. We believe that a misunderstanding about what must be taught in a computational science program is partially to blame. The goal of this project is to provide an understanding of the wide range of computational assistance that is valuable to scientists, and to show that there is a tremendous variety of ways that an academic institution can provide training to students interested in a career related to computational science.
Development and transformation of the ductal plate in the developing human liver.

The livers of 15 embryos and fetuses measuring from 0.5 cm to 21 cm in crown-rump length were examined. The liver of the smallest embryo showed a sheet of hepatocytes without any ductal plates or intrahepatic bile ducts. Transformation of the hepatocytes of a hilar ductal plate was first observed in a 1.8-cm embryo. A 10.0-cm fetus had ductal plates virtually throughout the liver. Focal transformation of the flattened cells of the ductal plates into tubules composed of columnar or cuboidal ductal cells was observed. Mature interlobular ducts were observed predominantly in the hilum whereas scattered primitive interlobular ducts were scattered throughout the parenchyma. The transformation of hepatocytes into interlobular ducis thus seemed to occur in two stages: in the first, the hepatocytes of the ductal plate became flattened and developed increased cytokeratin; in the second, these flattened cells became focally cuboidal or columnar, lost their carcinoembryonic antigen, became strongly positive for epit...
The role of pesticides in pollution management.

In considering the topic of pollution management and the role of pesticides in pollution management one needs first to establish several points. What is pollution? Can insecticides in fact become pollutants? What is the extent of the concern in this area? What is being done and what more can be done to help alleviate the problem, if in fact a problem does exist?
Equality and Difference: Regional Courts and Women's Human Rights

This chapter argues that regional human rights institutions provide an important institutional supplement for adjudicating differences between national and international human rights standards. The use of religion and local culture by states as reasons to not adopt international standards of women's human rights has spawned debates about equality and difference. I argue that new global conditions have created an even more acute need for the domestic implementation of women's international human rights, but that neither the international human rights system nor domestic state legal systems, either on their own or working together, are best placed to interpret how a nation state ought apply international human rights to diverse cultural populations. The trend in international criminal law to create hybrid courts that share both national and international jurisdiction exemplifies a type of legal institution that intercedes between the nation state and the international system. Although new and still untested, these new hybrid legal institutions illustrate how, on sensitive issues of spreading international norms, neither the nation state's legal system, nor the international legal system gets it quite right. Adjudication needs to be closer to the locus of human conflict than The Hague, but the nation state alone may not provide an internationally satisfying answer. In this chapter I argue that the role and the reach of regional human rights institutions should be expanded so that they participate more fully in developing women's human rights jurisprudence.
Statutory Time Limits on Judicial Review of Rules: Verkuil Revisited

About two dozen regulatory statutes, including much environmental legislation, provide that judicial review of rules issued under them may be sought within a short period thereafter (such as sixty days). Some of these time limit provisions expressly forbid judicial review of such rules after the statutory period, even during proceedings to enforce the rule; others seem to endorse similar constraints by implication. Courts have struggled with questions as to how fully they should give effect to these limits. The issue is akin to the familiar “jurisdiction-stripping” debate in constitutional litigation, but it poses distinctive analytic challenges of its own. For one thing, the time limit statutes have a credible rationale - to promote early resolution of the legality of regulations that could be very expensive to implement. Moreover, the familiar presumption in favor of reviewability has uncertain application to the time limit provisions, because they circumscribe access to judicial review but do not forbid it categorically.In the early 1980s, Paul Verkuil analyzed these statutes as a consultant for the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS). He and ACUS proposed functional principles that courts could use in applying the time limit statutes. Under these principles, for example, a court should decline jurisdiction over a belated challenge alleging that a rule was adopted through incorrect procedure; but it should be more receptive to challengers who allege, even belatedly, that a rule exceeds the agency’s statutory mandate. The present article surveys the subsequent case law and finds that courts have largely adhered to the Verkuil-ACUS prescriptions. However, their adherence has sometimes been oblique or poorly articulated. Moreover, courts have not been noticeably receptive to the Verkuil-ACUS proposal that issues “relating to...the application of the rule to a particular respondent or defendant” should, as such, remain open in an enforcement proceeding.Overall, the pattern of decisions is a good example of what the author has previously called a “common law of preclusion.” Although not deeply theorized, it makes sense in practical terms and constitutes a credible compromise among strong societal values.
A New Genus of Chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from a Cloud Forest in Mexico

Oaxacarus geophis , n. g. and n. sp., is described from the colubrid snake Geophis anocularis , taken in a cloud forest in Mexico.
Ureteral injury after laparoscopic versus open colectomy.

Background and objectives Ureteral injury is an infrequent but potentially lethal complication of colectomy. We aimed to determine the incidence of intraoperative ureteral injury after laparoscopic and open colectomy and to determine the independent morbidity and mortality rates associated with ureteral injury. Methods We analyzed data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for the years 2005-2010. All patients undergoing colectomy for benign, neoplastic, or inflammatory conditions were selected. Patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy versus open colectomy were matched on disease severity and clinical and demographic characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression analyses and coarsened exact matching were used to determine the independent difference in the incidence of ureteral injury between the 2 groups. Multivariate models were also used to determine the independent association between postoperative complications associated with ureteral injury. Results Of a total of 94,526 colectomies, 33,092 (35%) were completed laparoscopically. Ureteral injury occurred in a total of 585 patients (0.6%). The crude incidence in the open group was higher than that in the laparoscopic group (0.66% versus 0.53%, P=.016). CEM produced 14 630 matching pairs. Matched analysis showed the likelihood of ureteral injury after laparoscopic colectomy to be 30% less than after open colectomy (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.96). Patients with ureteral injury were independently more likely to have septic complications and have longer lengths of hospital stay than those without ureteral injury. Conclusion Laparoscopic colectomy is associated with a lower incidence of intraoperative ureteral injury when compared with open procedures. Ureteral injury leads to significant postoperative morbidity even if identified and repaired during the colectomy.
Critical Conversations: Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation

Case:Mrs. Smith is an 85-year-old woman with longstanding chronic kidney disease (NKF Stage 5, <15 mL per 1.73 m2) who has been on hemodialysis for the past year. She is admitted to the intensive care unit from the community with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Her comorbidities include diabetes and hypertension (JNC7 Hypertension, Stage 2). The patient receives empiric treatment for health-care-associated pneumonia but remains ventilator dependent and on a high FIO2 after 2 weeks. The patient is off vasopressors.
Another Approach to Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals

(1980). Another Approach to Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 87, No. 8, pp. 660-662.
Enhancement of Chain Growth and Chain Transfer Rates in Ethylene Polymerization by (Phosphine-sulfonate)PdMe Catalysts by Binding of B(C6F5)3 to the Sulfonate Group

Binding of B(C6F5)3 to a sulfonate oxygen of (ortho-phosphino-arenesulfonate)PdR catalysts results in a 3–4 fold increase in the rate of chain growth and a larger increase in the rate of chain transfer. The reaction of (PO-Et)PdMe(py) (1a, [PO-Et]− = ortho-{(2-Et-Ph)2P}-para-toluenesulfonate) with 1 equiv of B(C6F5)3 yields the base-free dimer {(PO-Et)PdMe}2 (2a), in which the (PO-Et)PdMe units are linked through an eight-membered [PdSO2]2 ring. The reaction of {(PO-3,5-tBu2)PdMe}2(TMEDA) (4b; [PO-3,5-tBu2]− = ortho-{(3,5-tBu2-Ph)2P}-para-toluenesulfonate, TMEDA = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) with BF3·Et2O yields the soluble base-free dimer {(PO-3,5-tBu2)PdMe}2 (2b), in which the (PO-3,5-tBu2)PdMe units are linked through a four-membered Pd2O2 ring. 2b reacts with 2 equiv of B(C6F5)3 to yield {[PO·B(C6F5)3-3,5-tBu2]PdMe}2 (5b, [PO·B(C6F5)3-3,5-tBu2]− = [2-{(3,5-tBu2-Ph)2P}-4-Me-C6H3SO2OB(C6F5)3]−), which crystallizes from Et2O as the monomeric complex [PO·B(C6F5)3-3,5-tBu2]PdMe(Et2O) (6b). In bot...
Reperfusion of the human myocardium by saphenous vein bypass grafts. Biochemical considerations.

The adenine nucleotide content of the human myocardium in the distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was measured before and after saphenous vein bypass grafting. The purposes of the study were twofold: (1) to relate the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) before bypass grafting to the percent stenoses of the LAD and (2) to determine the benefit or lack of benefit of bypass grafting on ATP content. Eighteen patients with angiographically determined LAD lesions of 40% to 100% underwent bypass grafting with standard cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia. Transmural needle biopsy specimens were obtained from the center of the area perfused by the LAD immediately before cross-clamping of the aorta and 30 minutes after reperfusion of the myocardium via the native LAD and the graft. The tissue was divided into thirds: The endocardial and epicardial thirds were analyzed for ATP by high-pressure liquid chromatography and the middle third was viewed by light microscopy. The percent narrowing of the LAD correlated well (r = - 0.71) with the ratio of ATP to total adenine nucleotides (TAN) in the endocardium. Epicardial ATP did not correlate with the percent stenoses of the LAD. The endocardial ATP/TAN ratio increased in the group as a whole from 0.51 ± 0.27 (mean ± SD) to 0.64 ± 0.26 (p 90% (0.32 ± 0.20 before grafting to 0.60 ± 0.29 after grafting, p 90% lesions had significantly increased ATP while the epicardium had decreased ATP content after bypass grafting.
Proteomic analysis of colon and rectal carcinoma using standard and customized databases.

Understanding proteomic differences underlying the different phenotypic classes of colon and rectal carcinoma is important and may eventually lead to a better assessment of clinical behavior of these cancers. We here present a comprehensive description of the proteomic data obtained from 90 colon and rectal carcinomas previously subjected to genomic analysis by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Here, the primary instrument files and derived secondary data files are compiled and presented in forms that will allow further analyses of the biology of colon and rectal carcinoma. We also discuss new challenges in processing these large proteomic datasets for relevant proteins and protein variants. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Immunoaffinity purification of factor IX from commercial concentrates and infusion studies in animals.

Thrombosis and transmission of viral diseases are the principal adverse effects of current replacement therapy for factor IX deficiency when using heat-treated concentrates of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. More highly purified factor IX preparations could decrease the risk of disease transmission, reduce patient exposure to allogeneic proteins, and reduce the risk of thrombosis. In this study, two immunoaffinity-purified factor IX preparations from commercial vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor concentrates had specific activities of 134 and 155 U/mg. Crude concentrates and purified factor IX preparations were tested for thrombogenicity in rabbits. One of two crude concentrates tested in the stasis-thrombosis assay caused large thrombi at doses of 50 U/kg. Purified factor IX from this concentrate was not thrombogenic at 106 to 234 U/kg. A heparin-treated concentrate that was not active in the stasis model at 100 U/kg caused significant (P less than .05) delayed consumption of rabbit fibrinogen, platelets, antithrombin III antigen, and factor VIII activity at the same dose. Factor IX prepared from this concentrate caused no consumption of coagulation factors at 214 to 243 U/kg despite the presence of trace amounts of activated factor IX. These results indicate that more highly purified preparations could reduce the risk of thrombosis in replacement therapy for hemophilia B. Also, at least for the preparations tested, factor IX and factor IXa were not the thrombogenic components of the crude concentrates.
Introductory Ideas and Examples

Generating functions can be simple and easy to handle even in cases where exact formulas might be complicated. There are few things that can be done with generating function answers: (1) find an exact formula for the members of the sequence, (2) find a recurrence formula, (3) find averages and other statistical properties of the sequence, (4) find asymptotic formulas for the sequence, (5) prove unimodality and convexity, and (5) prove identities. This chapter presents a number of examples of problems that can be profitably thought about from the point of view of generating functions.
Disparate Regulatory Mechanisms Control Fat3 and P75NTR Protein Transport through a Conserved Kif5-Interaction Domain

Directed transport delivers proteins to specific cellular locations and is one mechanism by which cells establish and maintain polarized cellular architectures. The atypical cadherin Fat3 directs the polarized extension of dendrites in retinal amacrine cells by influencing the distribution of cytoskeletal regulators during retinal development, however the mechanisms regulating the distribution of Fat3 remain unclear. We report a novel Kinesin/Kif5 Interaction domain (Kif5-ID) in Fat3 that facilitates Kif5B binding, and determines the distribution of Fat3 cytosolic domain constructs in neurons and MDCK cells. The Kif5-ID sequence is conserved in the neurotrophin receptor P75NTR, which also binds Kif5B, and Kif5-ID mutations similarly result in P75NTR mislocalization. Despite these similarities, Kif5B-mediated protein transport is differentially regulated by these two cargos. For Fat3, the Kif5-ID is regulated by alternative splicing, and the timecourse of splicing suggests that the distribution of Fat3 may switch between early and later stages of retinal development. In contrast, P75NTR binding to Kif5B is enhanced by tyrosine phosphorylation and thus has the potential to be dynamically regulated on a more rapid time scale.
Ion Effect and Metal-Coordinated Cross-Linking for Multiscale Design of Nereis Jaw Inspired Mechanomutable Materials

The Nvjp-1 protein is a key component in the jaws of Nereis virens, a species of marine worm. It contains over 25 mol % of histidine, which is believed to play a key role in the metal-coordinated cross-linking responsible for the structural stability and exceptional mechanical performance of the worm jaw. Understanding the nanoscale mechanism behind this cross-linking and its pathway in affecting the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the material is crucial to develop bioinspired mechanomutable materials based on Nvjp-1. Here, we use a combination of multiscale modeling and experimental synthesis to understand the behavior of this heterologous-expressed protein from the nano- to the macroscale. We have built a bottom-up molecular-based model, which includes electronic-based density functional theory calculations, atomistic simulation of the nanoscale properties with replica exchange molecular dynamics, and an elastic network model for describing the macroscale behavior at different pHs. This multiscale m...
Attitudes Toward “Fracking”: Perceived and Actual Geographic Proximity

Prior surveys have sought to gauge American public opinion toward shale gas development. Research on environmental hazards has produced conflicting findings related to the role of proximity in predicting attitudes. This study analyzes how perceived and actual proximity to active shale gas development in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Texas predicts individual preferences for moratoria. We implement a conditionally parametric probit, which accounts for geographic variation in coefficient values. Our results suggest that attitudes toward the potential benefits and risks associated with shale gas development play a larger and more consistent role in predicting preference for moratoria than proximity or other sociodemographic factors. Our methodology allows for inferences related to the extent of geographic variation in coefficient values. Our results indicate that the role of proximity in predicting preference for moratoria differs based on whether a respondent resides in an urban or rural area or within a shale play.
Wetting Behavior and Chemistry of Titanium Nanotubular Orthopedic Surfaces: Effect of Aging and Thermal Annealing

In the present work, we investigate wetting behavior and chemical composition of anodized titanium nanotubular surfaces for orthopedic implant research. The wetting behavior of the nanotubes by alternating UV irradiation and dark storage is reported. This study suggests that hydrophobicity due to aging in air can be restored by annealing, and release of residual fluorine was observed as a function of annealing time, which is important considering side effects of fluorosis. Fabrication of nanotubes on thermal plasma-sprayed implants and super-hydrophilic behavior of these nanotubular surfaces needed for enhanced bioactivity are demonstrated.
Advanced Heart Failure in the ACHD Population: Finding the Fellows' Role in a Growing Field.

“By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.”—Benjamin Franklin [(1)][1] Preparation for every scenario in the rapidly changing field of cardiovascular medicine may not be possible. However, flexibility and a proactive approach to clinical training provides fellows with the best
Borderline resectable (BRPC) and locally advanced unresectable (LAPC) pancreas cancer treatment: A single Institution experience.

e15260 Background: There is growing interest in preoperative combination chemotherapy (CC) regimens [Fluorouracil, Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel] in BRPC and L...
Monitoring solid metal structures with a nervous system embedded with ultrasonic 3D printing

Active and regular monitoring of structural components is a critical safety precaution, particularly as it concerns infrastructure, aerospace, industry, and many other applications. Solutions for effective structural health monitoring need to be able to probe surface and bulk properties using durable and low-power engineering. Towards these ends it is possible to build smarter, highly networked, and secure materials in order to enable remote real-time material sensing with a lesser-known form of 3D printing, ultrasonic consolidation (UC). This approach harnesses sound waves to weld metal layers in a low temperature process that does not damage sensors and electronics as they are embedded into a solid metal structure. This makes UC perfectly suited for designing solid metal parts with active embedded sensing components. However, the process parameters, material influences and mechanical factors that result in high-quality UC metal components are difficult to control or are loosely understood. The use of trial-and-error optimization during fabrication represents the chief hurdle between its current state of use and its potential to transform rapid prototyping and manufacturing of high-impact technologies (e.g., metal smart structures, wearable sensors, lab-on-a-chip, etc.). In this paper we will describe how embedded sensors may be used for in situ process monitoring and optimization. We will also discuss efforts towards standardizing UC welding for similar and dissimilar metal bonding and for embedding active sensors that can be used to create smart structures that will enable long-term structural health monitoring and other high impact applications.
Aging impairs mitochondrial respiratory capacity in classical monocytes.

Abstract Aging is a critical healthcare concern, with age-related inflammation disposing individuals to a variety of diseases. Monocytes are affected by the aging process, with increased inflammation and impaired cellular functions such as phagocytosis. Mechanisms by which aging alters monocyte function are unknown, but recent research suggests that the balance of metabolic processes determine immune cell phenotype and function. Given the known association between aging and mitochondrial dysfunction in other tissues, we hypothesized that aging would impair mitochondrial function in monocytes. To test this, we isolated classical monocytes from young and older adults and tested mitochondrial function by a Seahorse assay. Aging reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity and spare capacity in monocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential mechanism by which aging alters monocyte phenotype and may impair inflammatory functions, especially in low-glucose environments where oxidative metabolism is necessary to meet energy demands.
Tube Feeding: Indications, Considerations, and Technique

Tube feeding, as an alternative to eating, conveys nutrition, fluid, and medications safely and reliably to the intestinal tract. This chapter reviews the many ways of establishing and maintaining tube feeding. For a satisfactory outcome, the requesting provider, patient, family, and consultant must understand the indication, purpose, and expectations of this approach. Because tube position determines function, proper selection and placement are discussed in detail. Special attention is given to surgical and percutaneous endoscopic and radiological approaches. Long-term complications are reviewed in detail and a comprehensive approach to management is outlined, with emphasis on the role of a multidisciplinary enteral nutrition team. Position papers and core references are provided.
The doubling integral for the principal series of Spn(F) and Sp˜n(F)

Abstract In a previous article, we explicitly computed the doubling integral for constituents of the unramified principal series for Sp 2 ( F ) and Sp ˜ 2 ( F ) . Those computations relied on some intermediate constructions related to the theory of local theta liftings that make generalizing the computations to higher rank groups or more ramified representations quite difficult. This article attempts to compute the doubling integral for arbitrary constituents of the (possibly ramified) principal series representations for arbitrary rank symplectic and metaplectic groups. To do this, we circumvent the intermediate computations from the previous article, avoid constructions relying on the theory of local theta lifts, and interpret the integration over various unipotent subgroups as standard intertwining operators. We would also like to thank the referees for their careful reading of this manuscript as well as their suggestions for its improvement.
Controlling the Properties of a 2,2′-bipy–Platinum Dichloride Complex via Oxidation of a Peripheral Stibine Moiety

Our interest in the chemistry of antimony derivatives has led us to investigate the synthesis and properties of 4-(diphenylstibino)-2,2′-bipyridine (LSbPh2). This new ligand, which could be obtained by reaction of 4-lithio-2,2′-bipyridine with Ph2SbCl, was treated with Pt(CH3CN)2Cl2 to afford the platinum complex LSbPh2PtCl2 (1). Interestingly, the latter reacts with PhICl2 to afford LSbCl2Ph2PtCl2 (2), a complex in which the peripheral stibine moiety has been converted into a dichlorostiborane. Complexes 1 and 2 have both been fully characterized. Computational, UV–vis, and cyclic voltammetry studies show that oxidation of the antimony atom leads to a lowering of the bipy-centered LUMO, indicating that 2 is more electron deficient than 1. A congruent picture emerges from reactivity studies, which show that 2 is a more active catalyst for the hydroarylation of ethyl propiolate by mesitylene.
Integrative epigenomic analysis in differentiated human primary bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke

Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the major risk factors for many pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The first line of defense for CS exposure is the bronchial epithelial cells. Elucidation of the epigenetic changes during CS exposure is key to gaining a mechanistic understanding into how mature and differentiated bronchial epithelial cells respond to CS. Therefore, we performed epigenomic profiling in conjunction with transcriptional profiling in well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI) exposed to the vapor phase of CS. The genome-wide enrichment of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in HBE cells and suggested the plausible binding of specific transcription factors related to CS exposure. Additionally, interrogation of ChIP-Seq data with gene expression profiling of HBE cells after CS exposure for different durations (3 hours, 2 days, 4 days) suggested that earlier epigenetic changes (3 hours after CS exposure) may be associated with later gene expression changes induced by CS exposure (4 days). The integration of epigenetics and gene expression data revealed signaling pathways related to CS-induced epigenetic changes in HBE cells that may identify novel regulatory pathways related to CS-induced COPD.
Israel's First Physician and Apothecary: Noah and the Origins of Medicine in the Book of Jubilees:

The book of Jubilees paints Noah as the first physician and apothecary, who received knowledge of natural medicine from the angels of God so that he could save his offspring from the ailments being...
Tailoring and characterization of the liquid crystalline structure of cellulose nanocrystals for opto-electro-mechanical multifunctional applications

Liquid crystalline (LC) behaviors of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), derived from wood, cotton or other cellulose-based biopolymers, have been actively investigated due to their unique optical properties and their superb mechanical properties, which open up potential applications in bioelectronics and biomedical engineering. In particular, many attempts have been made to control phase and orientation of LC-CNCs because they are critical factors deciding optical and mechanical properties, and electromechanical performances. Through the applications of mechanical force, electric field and magnetic field, some degree of success has been achieved; however, realizing homogeneous arrangements of CNCs that can be exploited at the macroscale is still elusive, owing to a variety of intermolecular interactions. The characterizations of the LC phase and orientation of CNCs are also challenging due to their complex biological structures. In this report, we introduce approaches to control the phase and orientation of LC-CNCs through the self-assembly, mechanical force and electric field. The liquid crystalline behaviors of CNCs in polar solvents and at the air/water interface are discussed. Translational and rotational behaviors of CNCs under DC electric field are also investigated as a function of their surface charge and dipole moment. In addition, we introduce a nonlinear optical process, namely, sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, for the structural characterization of LC-CNCs. Using SFG, we can analyze not only crystal phase and structure, but also polar ordering of CNCs which plays a key role in determining their electromechanical performances. Development of cellulose-based smart materials will expand the spectrum of available functional materials that are lightweight, flexible, mechanically tough, and thermally stable at moderately high temperatures (up to 300°C).Copyright © 2018 by ASME