cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Process Model of Budgeting in a Public School System

This paper is concerned with the resource allocation process in public organizations. In particular, the operating budget of a large urban school system is investigated in an effort to discover the manner in which appropriation decisions are made. A computer simulation model is developed which consists of the sequence of operating procedures used by the school system's administrators in making their choices. The model consists of preliminary decisions on departmental requests, decisions on a general salary increase and new debt service, a comparison of revenue forecasts to total expenditures and processes to balance the budget by removing a deficit or distributing a surplus. Preliminary departmental appropriations are influenced by expectations of added revenues and the existence of an informal priority system. A general salary increase is budgeted as the result of a comparison of the existing salary structure with those of certain similar organizations. New debt service is influenced by the financial pressure exerted by the level of working capital in the bond fund. An important factor in removing a deficit is the attempt to use strategies which will not affect existing appropriations. Surpluses when they exist, are distributed in order to prevent certain pressures from building up. The predictions of the model are tested in so far as possible and a sensitivity analysis is conducted on certain parameters estimated from sparse data.
Efficacy and safety of long-term bisphosphonates in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Bisphosphonates have been in clinical use since the first approval of etidronate for myositis ossficans progressiva. They have now been used since the early 1990s for osteoporosis. As patients are continued on bisphosphonates and with consideration for bisphosphonate application in younger postmenopausal women, questions of ‘how long to treat’ are emerging in the clinical community. What is the evidence for continual efficacy and safety? The longest efficacy data where a placebo group was maintained is the 5-year risedronate vertebral fracture data, which demonstrated additional fracture reduction benefit with this bisphosphonate during years 4 – 5 of use. As bone mineral density (BMD) or biochemical markers of bone resorption (BCM) change very little for at least 1 – 2 years (and possibly longer) after discontinuing long-term (3 – 5 years) bisphosphonate use, it seems reasonable to suggest discontinuation for some indefinite period of time after 5 years of use in younger lower-risk postmenopausal women. ...
Charge-pumping spectroscopy with pulsed interface probing

A hybrid technique based on charge pumping and pulsed interface probing is proposed for the spectroscopic characterization of interface traps in MOS devices. The technique allows uninterrupted scanning of bandgap and provides an accurate mean value for the capture cross section. Furthermore, the distribution of the capture cross section can be experimentally characterized, and a number of potentially distorting effects associated with the original charge-pumping technique can be eliminated by using the proposed technique. The model developed for interface dynamics qualitatively specifies the upper and lower limits of the scannable energy range and also reveals the limited resolution of charge-pumping techniques. It also shows how the range and resolution are affected by the distribution of the trap time constant. >
Replacing cells in multiple sclerosis

Cell transplantation is emerging as a major potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of otherwise untreatable neurodegenerative diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), a major direction of current research is to devise strategies that will remyelinate axons and protect them against subsequent ongoing degeneration. Ongoing loss of axons will lead to chronic disability. Oligodendrocytes and their progenitors are lost during multiple relapses in the course of MS and either needs to be replaced from an exogenous source or the remaining progenitors stimulated to differentiate and remyelinate. The successful isolation and purification of human oligodendrocytes from neural or embryonic stem cells offer hope that a source of sufficient cells for translational application might be achievable in the future. Focal repair of strategic lesions followed by more disseminated delivery of exogenous cells will be the short and long-term goals.
Validation of a procedure for calculating broadband strong-motion time histories with empirical Green's functions

We quantitatively evaluate the validity of an approach to calculating strong ground motion time histories that involves the kinematic modeling of earthquake rupture by using recorded empirical Green's functions to constrain the propagation path and site contribution in the period range 0.05 to 2.0 sec, leaving only the contribution of the source to be specified. In addition, we use numerical Green's functions for long periods (> 10 sec) where the average crustal structure is assumed to be well known. In the intermediate band (2 to 10 sec) where site and path effects are still important but empirical Green's functions have small signal-to-noise ratios, we use an arbitrary smoothing method to connect the numerical and empirical Green's function synthetics. The evaluation presented here consists of comparing actual recordings of the Loma Prieta earthquake at 26 sites to syntheses from a simple source model similar to what is thought to have occurred during the Loma Prieta earthquake. We show that the standard error between observed and predicted response spectra is less than or equal to errors from other methods for periods between 0.05 and 0.4 sec and is significantly less than regression methods based on pre-Loma Prieta empirical strong-motion data at periods between 0.5 and 5.0 sec. The strong ground motion prediction methodology that we are validating provides an accurate, defendable means to characterize site and path effects and, therefore, allows the uncertainties in the predicted hazard to be due to unresolved issues about the earthquake source such as the geological constraints of a particular fault and details about the physics of earthquakes. This methodology produces accurate and realistic acceleration and displacement time histories, which are becoming increasingly important for modeling the nonlinear response of large, distributed structures and soft soils. The implication for strong ground motion prediction is that a range of representations of an earthquake source based on physically realistic parameters can be used to generate a suite of possible time histories that represent the range of ground motion for that specific site and earthquake. In addition, in the future, as more information about a particular fault and earthquakes in general becomes available, the uncertainty in ground-motion prediction should decrease.
Special solutions for nonlinear wave-particle interaction

Abstract A class of exact solutions for a coupled set of nonlinear equations describing the interaction between two propagating waves and a system of particles is found. These solutions include traveling wave solutions of the non-linear coupled equations.
What is the hair cell transduction channel

In contrast to nearly all other sensory systems, the mechanically sensitive ion channel carrying the receptor current into hair cells of the inner ear has not been identified in molecular terms. A number of candidates from at least two different ion channel families have been considered: these include the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) members of the DEG/ENaC superfamily of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels, as well as the TRP channels TRPN1, TRPV4, TRPML3 and TRPA1. For each, initial supportive results were followed by further studies that cast doubts on their involvement. No promising candidates have recently emerged, but the TRP family continues to be attractive in general.
Lipid and lipoprotein responses to episodic occupational and academic stress.

We examined the effects of psychological stress on plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels in three related studies. In the first study, tax accountants (N = 20) and a comparable control group (N = 20) were assessed during and after the tax season. In the second and third studies, first-year medical students (N = 24 and N =16) were assessed at midsemester and immediately before the examinations. Across studies, the stressors induced significant psychological distress. There were no corresponding changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels. Mean stress-induced change in total cholesterol level was -0.04 mmol/L ( — 1.6 mg/dL) (95% confidence interval, —0.23 to 0.16 mmol/L [ — 9 to 6 mg/dL]) for the accountants and 0 mmol/L (0 mg/dL) (95% confidence interval, — 0.16 to 0.21 mmol/L —6 to 8 mg/dL]) and 0.10 mmol/L (4 mg/dL) (95% confidence interval, —0.18 to 0.39 mmol/L [—7 to 15 mg/dL]) for medical students in the second and third studies, respectively. In all studies, change in total cholesterol level correlated with change in total serum protein levels (r=.42 to.60). These results suggest that commonly occurring stressful situations do not produce significant changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. ( Arch Intern Med . 1991;151:2172-2179)
Ge-on-Si lasers for silicon photonics

Monolithic lasers on silicon are ideal for large scale electronic-photonic integration [1]. Ge-on-Si is an interesting candidate due to its compatibility with silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and pseudo-direct band gap behavior in the near infrared regime for optical communications. Our theoretical analysis showed that epitaxial Ge-on-Si can be band-engineered by tensile strain and n-type doping to achieve optical gain and lasing from its direct gap transition [2]. In this paper we verify this theoretical analysis by demonstrating an optically-pumped edge-emitting Ge-on-Si laser at room temperature [3]. We also present room-temperature electroluminescence from an edge-emitting Ge/Si waveguide LED, a step towards electrically-pumped Ge lasers.
Evidence that the thy-1 molecule is the target for t cell mitogenic antibody against brain-associated antigens.

Rabbit anti-mouse brain (RaMBr) antiserum can induce Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-, T cells to proliferate and stimulates the same T cell subset to induce B cell proliferation. The aim of this report is to demonstrate that the mitogenic determinant recognized on the T cell surface by RaMBr antiserum is located on the Thy-1 molecule expressing the products of the Thy-1a and Thy-1b alleles. Evidence is drawn from serological and genetic experiments. The brain T cell cross-reactive, mitogenic determinant is not expressed on Thy-1- mutants of the BW5147 T cell lymphoma that fail to express the Thy-1 molecule but do express other T cell surface proteins such as T-200 and gp 69, 71. Monoclonal anti-Thy-1.1 and anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies block the binding to the appropriate T cells of the majority of the serum antibody from RaMBr antiserum. The absorption of mitogenic antibody was blocked in a similar fashion, thus demonstrating the close association of the determinant and the Thy-1 antigen defined by monoclonal alloantibodies. The mitogenic and Thy-1.1 determinants are probably located on the same molecule because of the data obtained with the BW5147 Thy-1- mutants and the observation that Thy-1a T cells, which express a lower level of surface Thy-1 than Thy-1b T cells, also express lower levels of the determinant recognized by RaMBr antiserum. Furthermore, in (AKR x DBA/2)F1 mice (Thy-1a/b) which express less Thy-1.1 antigen than Thy-1.2 at the surface, the mitogenic determinant was found to be preferentially associated with Thy-1.2. The coordinated genetic control of the surface levels of the Thy-1 determinant and the mitogenic determinant suggests that both determinants are situated on the same molecule in the T cell membrane.
A note on the primal‐dual and out‐of‐kilter algorithms for network optimization problems

Supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Office (Durham) under Contract No. DAHC04-73-C-0032
Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth

For the North American hurricane season, in partnership with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and working with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Reliability, we have developed a capability that helps visualize the status of the electric transmission system infrastructure. The capability toolkit, called VERDE - Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth, takes advantage of the Google Earthreg platform to display spatio-temporally informed power grid and related data. Custom libraries describe the electrical transmission network in the Eastern United States and the dynamic status of each transmission line. Standard Google Earth layers provide rich spatial context. In addition to live status, VERDE provides a framework and mechanism to ingest predictive models, data from different sources, and response.
Perception of emotion from moving body cues in photographs

To investigate whether the dynamic moving condition in a videotape would transfer to a photograph, we showed subjects still photographs of emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) depicted as points of light in dynamic light displays. Overall recognition was 70.4% with the dynamic light displays, but it dropped to 25.5% with the blurred tracks in the photographs, significantly above a chance level of 16.7%, but not large. Happiness, anger, and sadness were the most accurately recognized. The transfer effect of abstract movement to a still photograph may not be high, but the most active emotions (happiness, anger) and the most inactive one (sadness) do transfer. Our results may have some implications for the artistic rendition of movement in pictures.
The train of the Richardton, North Dakota, aerolite, June 30, 1918

This paper contains a report of the writer's observations of the train of the Richardton, North Dakota, aerolite of June 30, 1918, a discussion of the observations, and the results derived therefrom.
Glycosides as Donors

Alkyl and aryl thioglycosides have emerged as versatile building blocks for oligosaccharide synthesis [1]. Due to their excellent chemical stability, anomeric thio groups offer efficient protection of anomeric centers. However, in the presence of soft electrophiles, thioglycosides can be activated and used in direct glycosylations. Another attractive feature of thioglycosides is that they can be transformed into a range of other glycosyl donors. Thioglycosides can also act as acceptors in glycosylation reactions.
The delta wave in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

A 69-year-old female with history of hypertension was brought to the emergency department after an episode of syncope. The patient denied any chest pain or shortness of breath but admitted to having intermittent palpitations. Her vital signs were significant for a heart rate of 200 and blood pressure of 80/45 mmHg. The electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation with a rapid …
Experimental study in adaptive tracking control

The authors describe an experimental study of adaptive pointing and tracking control for flexible spacecraft conducted on a complex ground experiment facility. The algorithm used is based on a multivariable direct model reference adaptive control law. Several experimental validation studies performed using this algorithm for vibration damping and robust regulation are extended by addressing the pointing and tracking problem. As is consistent with an adaptive control framework, the plant is assumed to be poorly known to the extent that only system level knowledge of its dynamics is available. Explicit bounds on the steady-state pointing error are derived as functions of the adaptive controller design parameters. It is shown that good tracking performance can be achieved in an experimental setting by adjusting adaptive controller design weightings according to the guidelines indicated by the analytical expressions for the error. >
Manned Hypersonic Missions in the Atmosphere

A discussion of the nature of flight through the atmosphere in order to gain access to space is presented. Various spaceplane projects aimed at human spaceflight that have been pursued in recent years are described. The nature of flight trajectories in the sensible atmosphere is described and vehicles that have successfully operated in the human flight design space are identified. The goal of reusable spaceplanes that operate like conventional airplanes is placed in perspective by addressing the design issues associated with such craft. The transatmospheric manned missions which are likely to develop in the near future are discussed.
Book Review, Guyora Binder and Robert Weisberg, Literary Criticisms of Law

Bringing together detailed and useful discussion of hermeneutic, narrative, rhetorical, and deconstructionist criticisms of law in one volume is no small task. To do this and then make a strong case for an alternative conception of law in that same volume is a monumental undertaking. In "Literary Criticisms of Law," Binder and Weisberg engage in this undertaking with surprising, but not complete, success. The book is notable for its breadth and depth. It explores the evolution, primary figures, and theoretical underpinnings of intellectual movements that are - as the authors demonstrate - anything but monolithic. As a general matter the authors pull this off while adding some useful insights about each theory they explore. The book is quite long and dense, but it is well written and the length and depth of the material are a strength for readers who are looking for reference material or an in depth discussion of the various schools of thought involved. The book also makes an argument for resting literary criticisms of law on a cultural base rather than exclusively on one of the competing criticisms of law. In making this argument the authors adeptly demonstrate how each of the other criticisms of law they address - hermeneutic, narrative, rhetorical, and deconstructionist - offer something of import to a cultural criticism of law. I argue, however, that the authors' cultural criticism of law may really be subsumed in the hermeneutic criticism of law, specifically that of philosophical hermeneutics.
On the validity of Au-vinylidenes in the gold-catalyzed 1,2-migratory cycloisomerization of skipped propargylpyridines.

A mechanism of the Au-catalyzed cycloisomerization of propargylpyridines has been investigated. Both DFT computational and experimental results strongly support generation of a Au-carbene via a cyclization/proton transfer sequence over the previously proposed path involving a Au-vinylidene intermediate. For the β-Si-substituted Au-carbene (G = SiR3), a 1,2-Si migration was shown to be kinetically favored over a 1,2-H shift. This study highlights the importance of alternative pathways that could explain reactivities commonly attributed to an alkyne−vinylidene isomerization in Au catalysis.
Basic science: Epigenetic programming and the respiratory system

Summary The coordinated regulation of gene expression is crucial for survival, especially in multi-cellular organisms. Gene regulation can occur through a number of different mechanisms, which include the binding of transcription factors to gene promoters and enhancers and to gene repressors. Overlaid upon this is the epigenetic (or “above” genetics) regulation of gene expression. Epigenetics has been implicated in the determination of cell differentiation and the control of gene expression by each cell under different external stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, which is principally involved in gene silencing, and plays a key role in maintaining cellular differentiation. Another layer of epigenetic regulation is DNA packaging into chromatin, which can alter the availability of the DNA, and is controlled by histone modifications. Finally non-coding RNAs can also affect the stability of coding mRNA and its ability to interact with ribosomes and be translated into protein. These epigenetic mechanisms are heritable, and maintained through multiple cell divisions, helping to control cell fate, and can even be passed onto germ cells and future generations. In addition to inheritance epigenetics can be altered by the environment, and factors such as pollution and cigarette smoking have been shown to alter the epigenetic profile of cells. The role of epigenetics in controlling gene expression in complex organs, such as the lungs, is a promising area of research and may help to explain complex inheritance patterns and environmental interactions of many lung diseases including asthma, COPD and lung cancer.
Local venoarterial pathway for uterine-induced luteolysis in cows.

SummaryThe involvement of the main uterine vein and ovarian artery in the local pathway for uterine-induced luteolysis was studied in mature Holstein cows. At surgery on days 8-11 of diestrus, all cows were unilaterally hysterectomized and allocated to one of 4 groups: 1) controls with hysterectomy contralateral to CL, 2) controls with hysterectomy ipsilateral to CL, 3) hysterectomy ipsilateral to CL and surgical anastomosis of the main uterine vein from intact to hysterectomized side, and 4) hysterectomy ipsilateral to CL and surgical anastomosis of ovarian artery from intact to hysterectomized side. At necropsy on day 30, the surgical anastomosis was examined for patency and CL were weighed. Cows with an occluded venous anastomosis were reassigned to group 5. CL weights from 15 cows (3 per group) were analyzed. Mean weight of CL was less (P < 0.05) for group 1 controls (489 mg), group 3 with venous anastomosis (1920 mg), and group 4 with arterial anastomosis (708 mg), than for group 2 controls (4710 mg)...
Study on the Grain Size Dependence of Butterfly Curves of Spinwave Instable Thresholds for Garnets

The influence of grain size on the butterfly curve of the nonlinear threshold hc vs applied field H for parallel pumping was investigated on the garnet samples,YGdIG and BiCaVIG.A stepped shape of butterfly curve was observed in a sample with inhomogeneous grain size.It was found that the power level of the isolator using the materials strongly depends on the behavior of the butterfly curve at H H′min(the field corresponding to hc(min)).Based on the theory of transit-time limited magnon lifetime,the values of field H′min are compared with their theoretical value Hmin for six samples with various rough or fine grains.The separations between the experimental value H′min and the theoretical value Hmin are discussed.These curves evidence that the Patton’s opinion of constant kmin and the Borghese’s opinion of shifting H′min position with grain size suits for different available ranges of grain size,i.e.respectively for the samples with rough grain and the samples with fine grain.The theory of transit-time is explained using the model of grain-surface-layer having surface-induced anisotropic field.
Distances between directed networks and applications

Networks which show the relationships within and between complex systems are key tools in a variety of current scientific areas. A central aim in network analysis is to find a suitable metric for network similarity and comparison. We propose a definition for the space of all networks, and show that our definition leads to a natural and meaningful notion of distance between networks. We discuss the computational complexity involved in computing our network distance, and develop lower bounds by using invariants of networks that are significantly simpler to compute. By constructing a wide range of explicit examples, we show that these lower bounds are effective in distinguishing between networks. We describe multiple invariants and prove that all of them are stable in a quantitative sense.
Doing God’s Work: The Missonary’s Task of Translation or Who Makes the Best Jesuits: Comparatists, World Literature Scholars, or Real Jesuits?

This paper takes as its point of departure the sixteenth-century Jesuit construction of Confucianism and the manufacture of the figure of Confucius in the form of translations of the Chinese classics. In examining the Jesuit policy of accommodation in Asia, I ask whether we might not view these efforts as precursors for the tasks we seek to perform as Comparatists and World Literature scholars. Like the Jesuits in China who sought to package Confucius, we seek to package the world by contextualizing form and argument, canonizing a body of work, producing creative readings sand projecting a vision onto the foreign Other. I focus in particular on the work of Matteo Ricci and his catechism, the Tianzhu shiyi , as a work of cultural mistranslation. I ask to what degree are our current critical readings of the Other not also failures. I question the purposes for which one “misreads”.
From Power Line to Pipeline - Creating an Efficient and Sustainable Market Structure

As society transitions towards sustainable energy, the electricity grid will become the primary preferred energy delivery infrastructure. The ability of the grid to accommodate a variety of flexible non-carbon generation sources ranging from solar, wind, hydro and nuclear, and to integrate demand management and load control, provides unprecedented ability to coordinate operations across large geographical regions. A carbon tax or cap and trade policy is imminent as a measure to curb green house gas (GHG) emissions, to wean society from over-use of irreplaceable fossil fuels and towards a more sustainable future. In such an environment, 'green' electrons from non-carbon sources such as hydro, wind or solar will have no limitation on their generation or use, and will have a higher value than 'black' electrons from fossil fuel burning generators. This is only part of the problem. Unless these 'green' electrons can be verifiably delivered from a specific generator to an intended consumer along a designated contract path, one does not have a fully operating market. Currently, it is not possible to control power flow along designated contracted routes, i.e. pipes, on the power grid. This paper will present a new technique by which 'power-lines' on the existing grid can be turned into 'pipelines', causing specified electrons to flow along a specified contract path. The patent pending approach uses proven technology, and can be incrementally layered on to the existing grid. System simulations using the IEEE 39 bus system are used to show the viability of the proposed technique.
Debunking Nixon’s radio victory in the 1960 election: Re-analyzing the historical record and considering currently unexamined polling data

Abstract It is widely reported that Nixon won the first of the 1960 presidential debates among radio audiences while Kennedy carried television viewers, and further that Kennedy’s victory translated to an electoral victory. It is thus assumed that style trumped substance when politics entered the television age. However, the Nixon radio victory emerged in only a single poll conducted by Sindlinger and Company. Considering other polling data reveals Sindlinger’s finding is likely the result of a Republican bias in the sample and not a mass defection of Democrats swayed by Nixon’s substantive arguments. Voters found Kennedy ahead on substance as well as style. Considering the full historical context of the election, there is little evidence that television worked to the advantage of Kennedy and the disadvantage of Nixon, nor even much evidence that Kennedy was considered more attractive. We find no evidence that the first debate was decisive; we find it dubious that the debates overall produced a 2-million vote swing for Kennedy; we find it implausible that the first debate can be linked in any meaningful way to the outcome of the election. We find it more meaningful that Nixon turned a 5-to-3 Republican disadvantage into a razor-thin contest and that he largely did so using television during the final two weeks of the contest. The 1960 election should not be read as a triumph of style over substance. Correcting the misguided dismissal of substantive argument is crucial work scholars can contribute to the broader democratic project.
The Disconnected Values Model Helps Overcome Unhealthy Habits

Researchers and practitioners have been only partially successful in developing and applying interventions that prevent or eliminate our unhealthy, self-destructive behaviors. New, more effective interventions and treatments are needed to help individuals create and maintain long-term adherence to routines that improve health and quality of life. My research over the past 15 years has consisted of helping individuals recognize the consequences of their unhealthy behavior patterns by detecting the inconsistency, or “disconnect,” between their values and their behaviors. The series of thoughts and actions that influences a person’s decision to change their actions is called the Disconnected Values Model (DVM).
Drug-Loaded Polymeric Spherical Nucleic Acids: Enhancing Colloidal Stability and Cellular Uptake of Polymeric Nanoparticles through DNA Surface-Functionalization

Small-sized (∼65 nm) doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) were modified with oligonucleotides to form colloidally stable Dox-loaded polymeric spherical nucleic acid (Dox-PSNA) nanostructures in biological media. The nucleic acid shell facilitates the cellular uptake of Dox-PSNA, which results in in vitro cytotoxicity against SKOV3 cancer cells.
Both R-loop removal and ribonucleotide excision repair activities of RNase H2 contribute substantially to chromosome stability.

Cells carrying deletions of genes encoding H-class ribonucleases display elevated rates of chromosome instability. The role of these enzymes is to remove RNA-DNA associations including persistent mRNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) formed during transcription, and ribonucleotides incorporated into DNA during replication. RNases H1 and H2 can degrade the RNA component of R-loops, but only RNase H2 can initiate accurate ribonucleotide excision repair (RER). In order to examine the specific contributions of these activities to chromosome stability, we measured rates of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) in diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains carrying the rnh201-RED separation-of-function allele, encoding a version of RNase H2 that is RER-defective, but partly retains its other activity. The LOH rate in rnh201-RED was intermediate between RNH201 and rnh201Δ. In strains carrying a mutant version of DNA polymerase e (pol2-M644G) that incorporates more ribonucleotides than normal, the LOH rate in rnh201-RED was as high as the rate measured in rnh201Δ. Topoisomerase 1 cleavage at sites of ribonucleotide incorporation has been recently shown to produce DNA double strand breaks. Accordingly, in both the POL2 and pol2-M644G backgrounds, the LOH elevation in rnh201-RED was suppressed by top1Δ. In contrast, in strains that incorporate fewer ribonucleotides (pol2-M644L) the LOH rate in rnh201-RED was low and independent of topoisomerase 1. These results suggest that both R-loop removal and RER contribute substantially to chromosome stability, and that their relative contributions may be variable across different regions of the genome. In this scenario, a prominent contribution of R-loop removal may be expected at highly transcribed regions, whereas RER may play a greater role at hotspots of ribonucleotide incorporation.
KDM5A demethylase: Erasing histone modifications to promote repair of DNA breaks.

Repairing DNA breaks within the complexity of the cell chromatin is challenging. In this issue, Gong et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201611135) identify the histone demethylase KDM5A as a critical editor of the cells’ “histone code” that is required to recruit DNA repair complexes to DNA breaks.
DELAYED TIME TO PEAK STRAIN IDENTIFIES MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE PATIENTS AT HIGHER ARRHYTHMIC RISK

A subset of patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) are at increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death, particularly those with bileaflet involvement and myocardial fibrosis on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Abnormal speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) has been
Institutional policy process improvement: using structurating activity theory to inform practice

ABSTRACTOrganizational communication scholars are increasingly called upon to use theoretical knowledge to address problematic processes in public institutions. This article reports a process improvement project focused on a university conflict of interest (COI) policy as an example of how scholars can engage theory to improve ongoing policy processes. The project team included communication scholars and research administration staff who designed, implemented, and evaluated the mixed-methods project guided by structurating activity theory. Baseline survey results were used to design the process improvement project. Results of the follow-up survey indicate that researchers who participated in some aspect of the process improvement project (i.e. attending a policy cafe, using the redesigned website, or reading the new Quick Reference Guide) reported higher levels of policy communication and knowledge and more positive attitudes toward the COI policy than researchers who had not engaged with process improvem...
Performance control of a spray passive down-draft evaporative cooling system

Abstract A spray passive down-draft evaporative cooling system has been regarded as a low-energy cooling system that leads significant energy savings in the cooling of buildings. While the energy saving capability of the system has been proven, the ability to control a comfortable indoor environment is still inadequate due to strong climatic dependency. This study seeks viable solutions to advance the control competence of the system by mitigating critical problems of the system to be a reliable cooling application in the cooling of buildings. It proposes potential control strategies for the system and alternative operations. It develops a control algorithm for the proposed control strategies and implements the algorithm in EnergyPlus. A simulation analysis follows to examine the functionality of each proposed control strategy and alternative operations. The results of the simulations ascertain that a spray PDEC system with a water flow control performs better. In addition, a spray PDEC system contributes most when it operates as a secondary cooling system to abate space cooling loads and to maintain a steady thermal environment by reducing 62.1% electricity for space cooling and 47.9% water consumption in a warm-moderate climate.
Imaging Pathological Correlation in Breast Imaging

Screening mammography aims to find early-stage breast cancer and its efficacy in reducing mortality from breast cancer has been proven. The recall rate from a screening mammogram should ideally range between 7 and 12 %. About one in four diagnostic recalls leads to an assignment of a BI-RADS 4 or 5 categories with a recommendation for biopsy leading to a cancer diagnosis in 25–35 % of cases that undergo biopsy. Screen-recalled cases with an assessment of BI-RADS 3 with recommendation for a short-interval follow-up have a less than 2 % likelihood of cancer. A thorough understanding of commonly encountered pathology affecting the breast and the spectrum of imaging findings associated with these lesions is critical for a breast imager. It is important to be familiar with the pathology of breast diseases so as to correlate the mammographic and sonographic appearance and make management decisions following minimally invasive biopsy. Such an understanding is needed, for example, when excisional biopsy of certain histological diagnosis is indicated either due to known risk of underestimating disease or risk of a lesion being premalignant. In certain cases minimally invasive biopsy may not be the best option and excisional biopsy may be a better option such as when imaging appearance is suggestive of a radial scar or a papilloma.
Implementation of the OSI Transport Service in a Heterogeneous Environment

This paper focuses on the OSI transport service and protocols and their implementation in our experimental OSI communication system for LAN-based distributed environments. After an overview of the transport layer service elements and protocol functions, design issues and related decisions are discussed, along with experiences gathered with our two implementations for IBM S/370 hosts and PC workstations. The issues covered include program/process structuring, inter-layer interfaces, and interactions with the local operating system. Finally, we discuss an enhanced datagram service built on top of the OSI transport service, used for a distributed computing project.
Detecting stepping stones

One widely-used technique by which network attackers attain anonymity and complicate their apprehension is by employing stepping stones: they launch attacks not from their own computer but from intermediary hosts that they previously compromised. We develop an efficient algorithm for detecting stepping stones by monitoring a site's Internet access link. The algorithm is based on the distinctive characteristics (packet size, timing) of interactive traffic, and not on connection contents, and hence can be used to find stepping stones even when the traffic is encrypted. We evaluate the algorithm on large Internet access traces and find that it performs quite well. However, the success of the algorithm is tempered by the discovery that large sites have many users who routinely traverse stepping stones for a variety of legitimate reasons. Hence, stepping-stone detection also requires a significant policy component for separating allowable stepping-stone pairs from surreptitious access.
Understanding the Use of Acupuncture for Insomnia Among Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Objective: To understand cancer survivors' perceptions regarding the use of acupuncture for the treatment of cancer-related insomnia. Design: Semistructured interviews with cancer survivor...
Energy harvesting techniques mediated by molecular interactions with nanostructured carbon materials

Abstract There is a pressing need for alternatives to conventional energy generation techniques, by virtue of the upper bounds on generator sizes set by the device footprint of the next generation micro- and nanoelectronic systems. While there has been tremendous progress toward improving the energy and power densities for traditional energy storage devices such as microbatteries and supercapacitors, their disadvantageous volumetric scaling poses fundamental constraints on important energy metrics that limit the application space of these electricity-demanding on-board electronics. It is for this reason that energy harvesting strategies tapping into the surrounding environments that embody and intimately interface with these microscopic platforms hold great promise for the next-generation untethered microelectronic devices. In this chapter, we attempt to give a comprehensive summary of all relevant theoretical and experimental studies to date, on the general concept of producing electrical energy using the interactions between a mobile molecular phase and a substrate consisting of nanostructured carbon materials. We place a particular emphasis on the various mechanisms proposed as to how these molecular interactions can be designed to drive the flow of electric carriers in an external circuit. We will conclude with a curated list of mechanistically distinct primary physical processes that we think are involved in the overall electricity generation, as well as an outlook toward the future of these phenomena, and how they might be integrated into contemporary technologies.
Multi-task learning for transit service disruption detection

With the rapid growth in urban transit networks in recent years, detecting service disruptions in a timely manner is a problem of increased interest to service providers. Transit agencies are seeking to move beyond traditional customer questionnaires and manual service inspections to leveraging open source indicators like social media for deteting emerging transit events. In this paper, we leverage Twitter data for early detection of metro service disruptions. Inspired by the multi-task learning framework, we propose the Metro Disruption Detection Model, which captures the semantic similarity between transit lines in Twitter space. We propose novel constraints on feature semantic similarity exploiting prior knowledge about the spatial connectivity and shared tracks of the metro network. An algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework is developed to solve the proposed model. We run extensive experiments and comparisons to other models with real world Twitter data and transit disruption records from the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) to justify the efficacy of our model.
Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope and Starshade Formation Flying Dynamics at Sun-Earth L2

The formation flying of an occulter with a telescope at the Sun-Earth L2 (SEL2) Libration Point can be a challenging problem. A good knowledge of the Restricted Three Body Problem dynamics is required to understand how these two spacecraft interact with each other in the SEL2 unstable environment, and how other perturbations such as Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) affect their mutual trajectories. This paper focuses on the transfer trajectories to achieve specific relative positions between two spacecraft as they fly in formation at SEL2, andanalyzes the relevance of SRP in this formation, using the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) and the Starshade occulter as an example. Given that WFIRST and Starshade have very different area-to-mass ratios, SRP will affect their motion in different ways, and their relative position can be key to reduce the V cost. In this paper we intend on providing an explanation on how the relative position between both spacecrafts affects the transfer V from one observation to the other using dynamical system theory and Floquet modes.
Comparing ecotoxicity risks for nanomaterial production and release under uncertainty

Innovations in clean energy technology are expected to reduce fossil fuel dependence and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, but these benefits are contingent on concurrent innovations in energy materials that can improve performance and reduce cost. Engineered nanomaterials have been promoted as a transformative advance in renewable energy generation and storage, but their adoption has also raised concerns that potential environmental impacts of nanomaterial production and use may outweigh their potential benefits. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has the potential to quantify nanomaterial environmental impacts and compare trade-offs between potential benefits and adverse impacts. However, LCA for nanomaterials is sparse due to lack of data and models that link physicochemical parameters with the overall toxicity and chemical fate of nanomaterial emissions. This study develops preliminary life cycle impact characterization factors for representative case study nanomaterials used in clean energy applications and then compares the environmental impact of direct nanomaterial release to the indirect impacts across the nanomaterial supply chain. Scenario analysis is used to model the uncertainty and variability of nanomaterial parameters that contribute to estimated freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity for carbon nanotubes, C60 fullerenes, nano-TiO2, and nano-Ag. Results suggest that supply chain energy consumption, largely due to complex nanomaterial synthesis processes, may result in greater ecotoxicity than the direct nanomaterial release in many realistic cases. The exception to this trend was nano-Ag, which was intrinsically more toxic, primarily due to upstream processes leading to metal releases (silver mining), but also due to the potential for downstream silver releases in the worst-case scenario. This systematic approach can aid decision-makers in mitigating unintended consequences from nanomaterial use in clean energy technologies through informed life cycle and uncertainty modeling.
Teaching on the Inpatient Pulmonary Consult Service

The practicing pulmonologist has the unique opportunity to provide services in a variety of different clinical settings and, in doing so, interact with medical professionals at varying stages of their careers. Few opportunities exist for formal training, however, with regard to the subtleties and differences in teaching in each of these unique settings, and how to cater to the educational needs of learners at different levels of experience and/or interest in the specialty subject matter. These challenges are often present when teaching on a hospital consulting team. This chapter will focus on teaching as part of the pulmonary consult service, and is aimed at capitalizing on the distinct advantages the consult service provides with regards to education. Topics addressed include experiential learning benefits for both the learner and patient; the impact of distinct clinical focus and narrower scope of clinical evaluation on teaching and learning in comparison to a primary inpatient service; the importance of recognizing learners at different levels and best practices for teaching a heterogeneous team of learners; and other unique challenges associated with teaching on the consulting service. In addition, there is a discussion of the role of formal didactics, asynchronous teaching interventions, the role technology can play in the consulting team setting, and how to balance the demands of clinical volume with education.
Resolution of Postsurgical Diplopia, Paresthesia, and Weakness Following Inpatient Massage Therapy: A Case Report.

Massage therapy is utilized in hospitals for patients experiencing pain, anxiety, sleeplessness, among other symptoms. Postsurgical pain is one of the most common reasons massage therapy is ordered...
Public libraries and 21st century digital equity goals

Public libraries have historically positioned themselves as pillars of information and inclusion in society. Free, available to all, with materials in multiple languages and formats, libraries are ...
Passive Stiffness Reduction in Human Ankle Joint Mechanical Impedance When Exposed to Externally Imposed Movement

Exoskeleton design is based on achieving representative torques for both active and passive joint mechanics for a given task. The latter has been typically estimated for static postures during relaxed muscle activity. However, some studies have shown that differences in the estimates during voluntary motion versus isometric postures have resulted in lower impedance estimates during active muscle activity. The objective of this study was to determine if the estimates for the passive joint impedance of the human ankle exhibited the same reduction during relaxed muscle states with an externally imposed movement over static posture estimates. System identification techniques were used to analyze the passive joint impedance as a second-order model with inertia, damping, and stiffness. The experimental results showed little differences for the inertia and damping coefficients; however, a 10 to 34% reduction in the passive stiffness estimate was observed during movement when compared to static posture estimates. It is postulated that the 22% increase in angular velocity of the perturbations due to the superimposed externally imposed motion may be a contributing factor to these statistically different estimates. This reduced passive stiffness yields possibly new insights into muscle mechanics and applications to exoskeleton design. With lower torque and power estimates for passive resistance during imposed movement, reductions in motor sizing and inertial effects could lead to improved overall performance.