cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Parental Supervision on Medical Adherence in Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis: Developmental Shifts From Pre to Late Adolescence

Previous research suggests that both parental supervision and adherence decrease in adolescence, as the drive for independence and autonomy emerge naturally during this developmental period. The current study evaluated relationships between patient-reported parental supervision and adherence in 103 preadolescents and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). Activity patterns (medical and nonmedical) were measured using the daily phone diary (DPD) and adherence to nebulized medications was measured electronically. Age was strongly related to amount of supervision, with less supervision provided for older adolescents. Further, preadolescents and adolescents who spent more of their treatment time supervised by parents, particularly mothers, had better adherence.
Hierarchical land cover information retrieval in object-oriented remote sensing image databases with native queries

Classification and change detection of land cover types in the remotely sensed images is one of the major applications in remote sensing. This paper presents a hierarchical framework for land cover information storage and retrieval from object-oriented (OO) remote sensing image databases. Multi-spectral (band) remotely sensed images are classified by an optimized k-means clustering algorithm. The land cover maps are then decomposed and indexed with region quad-tree data structure stored in an OO database. Native queries (NQs), which use the semantics of the OO programming language for query composition, are developed to retrieve land cover distribution information and detect the changes of each land cover type at multi levels. A prototype system was implemented and the experiments were conducted on a time series Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images. The results show the effectiveness of the framework and the potentials in other remote sensing applications like urban planning and drought monitoring.
Determining the fifth quark's charge: The role of the ϒ leptonic widths

Abstract Lower bounds on the leptonic decay widths of ϒ (9.4) and ϒ′ (10.0) are deduced from plausible general assumptions. It is shown that these may permit a distinction between the charge assignments e Q = (− 1 3 , + 2 3 ) for the new quark.
Acute systemic accumulation of acrolein in mice by inhalation at a concentration similar to that in cigarette smoke

Cigarette smoke is an important environmental factor associated with a wide array of public health concerns. Acrolein, a component of tobacco smoke and a known toxin to various cell types, may be a key pathological factor mediating the adverse effects linked with tobacco smoke. Although acrolein is known to accumulate in the respiratory system after acute nasal exposure, it is not clear if it accumulates systemically, and less is known in the nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of acrolein accumulation in the circulation and in the spinal cord following acute acrolein inhalation in mice. Using a laboratory-fabricated inhalation chamber, we found elevated urinary 3-HPMA, an acrolein metabolite, and increased acrolein adducts in the spinal cord after weeks of nasal exposure to acrolein at a concentration similar to that in tobacco smoke. The data indicated that acrolein is absorbed into the circulatory system and some enters the nervous system. It is expected that these findings may facilitate further studies to probe the pathological role of acrolein in the nervous system resulting from smoke and other external sources.
Strategic Entrepreneurs at Work: Nature, Discovery, and Exploitation of Entrepreneurial Opportunities

What do entrepreneurial opportunities look like? How do firms discover and exploit these opportunities to create value and sustain competitive advantage? This paper reviews the strategic management and entrepreneurship literatures to identify the nature and character of entrepreneurial opportunities and the entrepreneurial strategies that firms employ to seize and commercialize these opportunities. Three emerging schools are identified. The economic school argues that entrepreneurial opportunities exist as a result of the distribution of information about material resources in society. The cultural cognitive school argues that entrepreneurial opportunities exist as a result of environmental ambiguity and the cultural resources available to interpret and define these opportunities. Finally, the sociopolitical school stresses the role of network and political structures in defining entrepreneurial opportunities. We integrate these perspectives to offer a way to improve understanding of the opportunity creation and exploitation process.
Digital analysis: A better way to detect fraud

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) has put corporate executives under the gun when it comes to detecting financial statement fraud. Unfortunately, most methods for discovering fraud are expensive and time-consuming. But there is one fast, inexpensive method you may not be using: digital analysis. The author explains what it is and how to use it. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical and stable isotopic evidence for water/rock interaction and biogenic origin of coalbed methane, Fort Union Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana U.S.A.

Significant amounts (> 36 million m3/day) of coalbed methane (CBM) are currently being extracted from coal beds in the Paleocene Fort Union Formation of the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana. Information on processes that generate methane in these coalbed reservoirs is important for developing methods that will stimulate additional production. The chemical and isotopic compositions of gas and ground water from CBM wells throughout the basin reflect generation processes as well as those that affect water/rock interaction. Our study included analyses of water samples collected from 228 CBM wells. Major cations and anions were measured for all samples, δDH2O and δ18OH2O were measured for 199 of the samples, and δDCH4 of gas co-produced with water was measured for 100 of the samples. Results show that (1) water from Fort Union Formation coal beds is exclusively Na–HCO3-type water with low dissolved SO4 content (median < 1 mg/L) and little or no dissolved oxygen (< 0.15 mg/L), whereas shallow groundwater (depth generally < 120 m) is a mixed Ca–Mg–Na–SO4–HCO3 type; (2) water/rock interactions, such as cation exchange on clay minerals and precipitation/dissolution of CaCO3 and SO4 minerals, account for the accumulation of dissolved Na and depletion of Ca and Mg; (3) bacterially-mediated oxidation–reduction reactions account for high HCO3 (270–3310 mg/L) and low SO4 (median < 0.15 mg/L) values; (4) fractionation between δDCH4 (− 283 to − 328 per mil) and δDH2O (− 121 to − 167 per mil) indicates that the production of methane is primarily by biogenic CO2 reduction; and (5) values of δDH2O and δ18OH2O (− 16 to − 22 per mil) have a wide range of values and plot near or above the global meteoric water line, indicating that the original meteoric water has been influenced by methanogenesis and by being mixed with surface and shallow groundwater.
Pressure Transient Flow Forces for Hydraulic Spool Valves

The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate the significance of the pressure transient flow force acting on hydraulic spool valves. In the past, this flow force effect has been routinely neglected due to its assumed small size. Through analytical and experimental methods, this research shows that flow forces due to pressure transient effects can be comparable in magnitude to the steady flow forces acting on the valve and that the past tradition of neglecting this effect may not always be justified. The paper also shows that the traditional steady flow force model does a fairly good job predicting the steady flow forces on the valve, but more research must be done to develop a good model for pressure transient flow forces. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4005506]
Joint modelling of paired sparse functional data using principal components

We propose a modelling framework to study the relationship between two paired longitudinally observed variables. The data for each variable are viewed as smooth curves measured at discrete time-points plus random errors. While the curves for each variable are summarized using a few important principal components, the association of the two longitudinal variables is modelled through the association of the principal component scores. We use penalized splines to model the mean curves and the principal component curves, and cast the proposed model into a mixed-effects model framework for model fitting, prediction and inference. The proposed method can be applied in the difficult case in which the measurement times are irregular and sparse and may differ widely across individuals. Use of functional principal components enhances model interpretation and improves statistical and numerical stability of the parameter estimates.
A Comparison of the Time of Ovipositing for Coturnix and Chicken

Abstract IN THE routine care of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) it was observed that two eggs were often found the same day on the bird’s egg tray. This event occurred so frequently that it seemed desirable to determine the time of ovipositing in this species and compare to that of chickens. The time interval between successive eggs was also determined. The number of hours between successive eggs of chickens has been reported by Atwood (1929) to be influenced by the position in the sequence of successive eggs. For two-egg sequences the average time interval was approximately 28 hours. The interval between eggs in the middle of long sequences was about 25 hours. The results of Heywang (1938), who further observed that the time interval between the first two and the last two eggs of a sequence was longer than average, are essentially in agreement. Approximately 65 percent of chicken eggs …
Multiresource allocation and scheduling for periodic soft real-time applications

Real-time applications that utilize multiple system resources, such as CPU, disks, and network links, require coordinated scheduling of these resources in order to meet their end-to-end performance requirements. Most state-of-the-art operating systems support independent resource allocation and deadline-driven scheduling but lack coordination among multiple heterogeneous resources. This paper describes the design and implementation of an Integrated Real-time Resource Scheduler (IRS) that performs coordinated allocation and scheduling of multiple heterogeneous resources on the same machine for periodic soft real-time application. The principal feature of IRS is a heuristic multi-resource allocation algorithm that reserves multiple resources for real-time applications in a manner that can maximize the number of applications admitted into the system in the long run. At run-time, a global scheduler dispatches the tasks of the soft real-time application to individual resource schedulers according to the precedence constraints between tasks. The individual resource schedulers, which could be any deadline based schedulers, can make scheduling decisions locally and yet collectively satisfy a real-time application's performance requirements. The tightness of overall timing guarantees is ultimately determined by the properties of individual resource schedulers. However, IRS maximizes overall system resource utilization efficiency by coordinating deadline assignment across multiple tasks in a soft real-time application.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Energy-efficient caching for wireless mobile computing

Caching can reduce the bandwidth requirement in a mobile computing environment. However, due to battery power limitations, a wireless mobile computer may often be forced to operate in a doze (or even totally disconnected) mode. As a result, the mobile computer may miss some cache invalidation reports broadcast by a server, forcing it to discard the entire cache contents after waking up. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient cache invalidation method, called GCORE (Grouping with COld update-set REtention), that allows a mobile computer to operate in a disconnected mode to save the battery while still retaining most of the caching benefits after a reconnection. We present an efficient implementation of GCORE and conduct simulations to evaluate its caching effectiveness. The results show that GCORE can substantially improve mobile caching by reducing the communication bandwidth (or energy consumption) for query processing.
Bedform, Texture, and Longshore Bar Development in Response to Combined Storm Wave and Current Dynamics in a Nearshore Helical Flow System

Abstract Schwartz, R.K., 2012. Bedform, texture, and longshore bar development in response to combined storm wave and current dynamics in a nearshore helical flow system. Fluid motion, bedform, and textural data were collected across the eastern Lake Michigan nearshore zone during a typical coastal storm event. The profile included four stable longshore bars (designated 1–4 lakeward) and extended 400 m offshore to a depth of about 6 m. The storm-forced flow system included three major components: incident-wave oscillatory flow, a wind-forced coastal current, and a breaking wave–associated longshore current. Widespread change across the profile included (1) maximum wave height (Hs ∼1.27 m; T = 3.5–4.0 s) near bar 3, where the largest waves broke, followed by smaller waves over bar 2 and slightly increased wave height over bar 1; (2) maximum orbital velocities (Um > 37–56 cm/sec) over bars 4 and 3 and lower values over the inner bars; (3) maximum shore-parallel, wind-driven current speed near bar 4 (43 cm...
VOCABULARY IN A SECOND LANGUAGE: SELECTION, ACQUISITION, AND TESTING

VOCABULARY IN A SECOND LANGUAGE: SELECTION, ACQUISITION, AND TESTING. Paul Bogaards and Batia Laufer (Eds.). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2004. Pp. xiv + 233. 42.95 paper.This volume consists primarily of papers that were presented at the second language vocabulary acquisition colloquium at Leiden University in March 2002 and represents a broad scope of quantitative studies by leading scholars in the field. It is organized under three different themes: “Selection,” “Acquisition,” and “Testing.” In the introduction, the editors briefly describe the contributions and follow with several pages that illustrate how the papers diverge on the conceptualization of central issues (e.g., the basic unit under investigation; aspects of the learning process, learning conditions, and time course of measurement; definitions of the construct of word knowledge). Finally, they add their own insightful perspectives on such issues, as well as helpful suggestions for further exploration, as a stimulus for future research.
PARENTING SCHEMAS AND THE PROCESS OF CHANGE

Parents' childrearing behaviors are guided by schemas of the caregiving role, their functioning in that role, what children need in general, and what their own children are like in particular. Sometimes, however, parenting schemas can be maladaptive because they are too rigid or simple, involve inappropriate content, or are dominated by negative affect. In this article, we describe parenting schemas and provide an overview of empirical work documenting the characteristics of maladaptive parenting schemas. We review how intervention practices common to multiple therapeutic approaches (cognitive-behavior therapy, family therapy, parent training, attachment-based interventions, and psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy) attempt to modify schemas to promote more optimal functioning among parents. We highlight how research in cognitive science may explain, in part, treatment effectiveness.
What is clinical empathy

Patients seek empathy from their physicians. Medical educators increasingly recognize this need. Yet in seeking to make empathy a reliable professional skill, doctors change the meaning of the term. Outside the field of medicine, empathy is a mode of understanding that specifically involves emotional resonance. In contrast, leading physician educators define empathy as a form of detached cognition. In contrast, this article argues that physicians' emotional attunement greatly serves the cognitive goal of understanding patients' emotions. This has important implications for teaching empathy.
Long-axis rotation: a missing degree of freedom in avian bipedal locomotion

Ground-dwelling birds are typically characterized as erect bipeds having hind limbs that operate parasagittally. Consequently, most previous research has emphasized flexion/extension angles and moments as calculated from a lateral perspective. Three-dimensional (3D) motion analyses have documented non-planar limb movements, but the skeletal kinematics underlying changes in foot orientation and transverse position remain unclear. In particular, long-axis rotation of the proximal limb segments is extremely difficult to measure with topical markers. Here, we present six degree of freedom skeletal kinematic data from maneuvering guineafowl acquired by marker-based XROMM (X-ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology). Translations and rotations of the hips, knees, ankles and pelvis were derived from animated bone models using explicit joint coordinate systems. We distinguished sidesteps, sidestep yaws, crossover yaws, sidestep turns and crossover turns, but birds often performed a sequence of blended partial maneuvers. Long-axis rotation of the femur (up to 38 deg) modulated the foot's transverse position. Long-axis rotation of the tibiotarsus (up to 65 deg) also affected medio-lateral positioning, but primarily served to either re-orient a swing phase foot or yaw the body about a stance phase foot. Tarsometatarsal long-axis rotation was minimal, as was hip, knee and ankle abduction/adduction. Despite having superficially hinge-like joints, birds coordinate substantial long-axis rotations of the hips and knees to execute complex 3D maneuvers while striking a diversity of non-planar poses.
Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia Associated with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Three Case Reports and a Review

Three patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia associated with cyanotic congenital heart disease are presented and their clinical courses reviewed. In these patients, the coincidence of cyanosis and jaundice caused an atypical green-appearing cutaneous discoloration which masked the early clinical detection of biliary atresia in one infant and cyanotic heart disease in the other two. In all infants, either partial or complete correction of the congenital cardiac lesion was possible. Two infants died from hepatic disease despite attempted surgical revision and one has satisfactory bile drainage one month following portoenterostomy. Awareness of the rare concurrence of cyanotic congenital heart disease and extrahepatic biliary atresia is helpful to the clinician when evaluating infants with atypical cutaneous discoloration. Early oversight of either underlying disease process can be avoided, and early evaluation and management of both entities can be possible.
Proverbs, Sententiae, and Exempla in Chaucer's Comic Tales: The Function of Comic Misapplication

CHAUCER'S comic tales contain, both in the speeches of the characters and in the form of comments by the various narrators, a substantial number of proverbs, sententiae, and exempla. The frequency with which these monitory elements' occur, the fact that they appear to be almost entirely Chaucer's original contributions to the tales, and the importance of their function in comic characterization, in narrative structure, and in the control of narrative tone combine to suggest that they were employed by Chaucer with the conscious purpose of enhancing the comic effect of the tales. The proverbs and sententiae in Chaucer's poetry have been thoroughly catalogued,2 and in recent years the increased interest in his use of various rhetorical forms, including sententiae and exempla, has led to a number of keen analyses of the narrative consequences of the use of these forms in individual tales,3 but the broader question of the nature of the comic potentialities that Chaucer recognized in monitory elements, per se, has received little notice. Since the matter is of interest both to the study of proverbs and to the appreciation of Chaucer's comic art, I have sought in the following pages to describe what appears to be, for Chaucer, the most important of these comic possibilities and to illustrate its function in the comic tales. An immediately obvious fact is that Chaucer's use of monitory elements is at variance with normal mediaeval literary practice, in which, as the works of Chaucer's contemporaries both in England and on the Continent demonstrate, these elements are employed in a fashion that is for the most part serious. The popularity of proverbs, sententiae, and exempla in the Middle Ages, as Huizinga and others have pointed out, has its basis in the mediaeval fondness for subsuming particulars under reassuringly encompassing general statements of "truth," a predilection which finds expression, similarly, in the widespread favor accorded to maxims, adages, dicta, and mottos.4 The value, and hence the popularity, of proverbs derives from the fact that they are, at least ostensibly, such expressions of wisdom, a characteristic they share with both the sententia and
Recovery from Serious Mental Illness: A Concept Analysis

This paper examines the concept of recovery in the context of serious mental illness. The analysis uses literature from multiple health care disciplines and different uses of "recovery" in every- day language, technical applications, and popular culture. This iterative process concludes with a definition of recovery from serious mental illness: a nonlinear process of self-organization and adaptation that offsets the personal disintegration of mental illness and enables the individual to reconceive his or her sense of self and well-being on all biopsychosocial levels. The relevance of the concept is reevaluated with this definition for potential usage in the mental health care setting.
A high-throughput method to monitor the expression of microRNA precursors

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, functional, noncoding RNAs. miRNAs are transcribed as long primary transcripts (primary precursors) that are processed to the ~75 nt precursors (pre-miRNAs) by the nuclear enzyme Drosha. The ~22 nt mature miRNA is processed from the pre-miRNA by the RNase III Dicer. The vast majority of published studies to date have used northern blotting to detect the expression of miRNAs. We describe here a sensitive, high throughput, real-time PCR assay to monitor the expression of miRNA precursors. Genespecific primers and reverse transcriptase were used to convert the primary precursors and premiRNAs to cDNA. The expression of 23 miRNA precursors in six human cancer cell lines was assayed using the PCR assay. The miRNA precursors accumulated to different levels when compared with each other or when a single precursor is compared in the various cell lines. The precursor expression profile of three miRNAs determined by the PCR assay was identical to the mature miRNA expression profile determined by northern blotting. We propose that the PCR assay may be scaled up to include all of the 150+ known human miRNA genes and can easily be adaptable to other organisms such as plants, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila.
Urban surface biophysical descriptors and land surface temperature variations

In remote sensing studies of land surface temperatures (LST), thematic land-use and land-cover (LULC) data are frequently employed for simple correlation analyses between LULC types and their thermal signatures. Development of quantitative surface descriptors could improve our capabilities for modeling urban thermal landscapes and advance urban climate research. This study developed an analytical procedure based upon a spectral unmixing model for characterizing and quantifying the urban landscape in Indianapolis, Indiana. A Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus image of the study area, acquired on 22 June 2002, was spectrally unmixed into four fraction endmembers, namely, green vegetation, soil, high and low albedo. Impervious surface was then computed from the high and low albedo images. A hybrid classification procedure was developed to classify the fraction images into seven land-use and land-cover classes. Next, pixel-based LST measurements were related to urban surface biophysical descriptors derived from spectral mixture analysis (SMA). Correlation analyses were conducted to investigate land-cover based relationships between LST and impervious surface and green vegetation fractions for an analysis of the causes of LST variations. Results indicate that fraction images derived from SMA were effective for quantifying the urban morphology and for providing reliable measurements of biophysical variables such as vegetation abundance, soil, and impervious surface. An examination of LST variations within census block groups and their relationships with the compositions of LULC types, biophysical descriptors, and other relevant spatial data shows that LST possessed a weaker relation with the LULC compositions than with other variables (including urban biophysical descriptors, remote sensing biophysical variables, GIS-based impervious surface variables, and population density). Further research should be directed to refine spectral mixture modeling. The use of multi-temporal remote sensing data for urban time-space modeling and comparison of urban morphology in different geographical settings are also feasible.
Effect of Salmonella Vaccination of Breeder Chickens on Contamination of Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Integrated Poultry Operations

While measures to control carcass contamination with Salmonella at the processing plant have been implemented with some success, on-farm interventions that reduce Salmonella prevalence in meat birds entering the processing plant have not translated well on a commercial scale. We determined the impact of Salmonella vaccination on commercial poultry operations by monitoring four vaccinated and four nonvaccinated breeder (parental) chicken flocks and comparing Salmonella prevalences in these flocks and their broiler, meat bird progeny. For one poultry company, their young breeders were vaccinated by using a live-attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine (Megan VAC-1) followed by a killed Salmonella bacterin consisting of S. enterica serovar Berta and S. enterica serovar Kentucky. The other participating poultry company did not vaccinate their breeders or broilers. The analysis revealed that vaccinated hens had a lower prevalence of Salmonella in the ceca (38.3% versus 64.2%; P < 0.001) and the reproductive tracts (14.22% versus 51.7%; P < 0.001). We also observed a lower Salmonella prevalence in broiler chicks (18.1% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001), acquired from vaccinated breeders, when placed at the broiler farms contracted with the poultry company. Broiler chicken farms populated with chicks from vaccinated breeders also tended to have fewer environmental samples containing Salmonella (14.4% versus 30.1%; P < 0.001). There was a lower Salmonella prevalence in broilers entering the processing plants (23.4% versus 33.5%; P < 0.001) for the poultry company that utilized this Salmonella vaccination program for its breeders. Investigation of other company-associated factors did not indicate that the difference between companies could be attributed to measures other than the vaccination program.
Metalinguistic awareness in young deaf children: A preliminary study

This study explores the metalinguistic abilities of prelingually deaf children aged 4–7, who are users of Signed English, with regard to their explicit segmentation of Signed English sentences into words. Subjects exhibited varying metalinguistic abilities that generally increased with age and that were similar to the developmental pattern found in hearing populations. Based upon performance with respect to four factors (i.e., explicit segmentation, omissions of function words, content words, and inflectional morphemes), subjects were grouped into four classes. In Class 1, sentences or groups of words were not segmented. in Class 2, major constituents of the sentences were segmented. In Class 3, major constituents and some function words were segmented. In Class 4, the entire sentence was segmented. Patterns of omissions found throughout the classes for function words and inflectional morphemes are discussed. Also addressed are implicit segmentation skills found to develop prior to the development of explicit abilities.
Efficient failure detection in pipelined asynchronous circuits

This paper presents an efficient concurrent failure detection method for pipelined asynchronous circuits. We first validate permanent and transient fault modeling in clockless systems. By augmenting the rails to each data channel and adding extra logic to each circuit module, we make pipelined asynchronous circuits achieve fail-stop with respect to hard or soft errors. The experimental evaluations show this method incurs both reasonable hardware cost and low performance overhead.
Reclaiming the Self: A Letter to College and University Counselors

Many have observed the increasing severity of mental distress among college students over the past several decades. Very little, however, has been said about what has contributed to this increase. ...
Test compaction for at-speed testing of scan circuits based on nonscan test. sequences and removal of transfer sequences

Proposes a procedure for generating compact test sets with enhanced at-speed testing capabilities for scan circuits. Compaction refers here to a reduction in the test application time, while at-speed testing refers to the application of primary input sequences that contribute to the detection. of delay defects. The proposed procedure generates an initial test set that has a low test application time and consists of long sequences of primary input vectors applied consecutively. To construct this test set, the proposed procedure transforms a test sequence T/sub o/ for the nonscan circuit into a scan-based test by selecting an appropriate scan-in state and removing primary input vectors from T/sub o/ if they do not contribute to the fault coverage. If T/sub o/ contains long transfer sequences, several scan-based tests with long primary input sequences may be obtained by replacing transfer sequences in T/sub o/ with scan operations. This helps reduce the test application time further. We demonstrate through experimental results the advantages of this approach over earlier ones as a method for generating test sets with minimal test application time and long primary input sequences.
Sweat Chloride Concentrations in Infants Homozygous or Heterozygous for F508 Cystic Fibrosis

Objective. To determine whether an adequate volume of sweat could be obtained routinely from infants younger than 6 weeks old and to evaluate sweat chloride levels in infants with known genotype statuses, including heterozygote carriers for cystic fibrosis (CF). Methodology. Infants were evaluated using pilocarpine iontophoresis and measurement of sweat volume and chloride concentration. The majority of these infants were referred because of newborn screening test results positive for CF based on immunoreactive trypsinogen analysis. DNA analyses for the 3-base pair deletion at codon 508 of the CF transmembrane regulator gene (F508 mutation) were performed whenever possible, and patients with CF were categorized by genotype. Results. Sweat tests were performed successfully (≥50 mg of sweat) in 99.3% of the infants tested, and there was no difference in the proportion of unsuccessful tests in infants younger than or older than 6 weeks of age. The normal mean ± SD sweat chloride was 10.6 ± 5.2 mEq/L (95% confidence interval, 9.9-11.3). Patients with CF who are F508 homozygotes or F508 compound heterozygotes or who have two other non-F508 mutant alleles were shown to have similar sweat chloride levels, with mean values of 99.9, 98.8, and 96.6 mEq/L, respectively. The group of infants who were found to be CF (F508) heterozygote carriers, when compared with the healthy group, had mildly but significantly increased sweat chloride concentrations, with a mean ± SD of 14.9 ± 8.4 mEq/L (95% confidence interval, 13.4-16.4). Conclusions. Quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis can be used successfully in infants younger than 6 weeks of age who are undergoing routine diagnostic evaluations to follow up newborn screening test results that are positive for CF. The upper limit of normal sweat chloride in infants should be revised to 40 mEq/L (mean + 3 SD of the CF heterozygote carrier group). CF heterozygote carrier infants with one F508 mutant allele show phenotypic manifestations of CF, including subclinical elevations of sweat chloride.
Cell Range Extension Techniques for Wide-Area Ubiquitous Network

This paper describes a newly developed wireless access system for the wide area ubiquitous network (WAUN), a large cell-based public sensor network. It introduces two key technologies to achieve WAUN with wide area coverage. The first is a digitalized radio over optical fiber (DROF) subsystem that allows cost-effective commercial packet based networks to transfer wireless RF signals among distributed access points. The second is a frequency offset transmitter diversity scheme that achieves sub optimal diversity gain without rate loss, regardless of the number of antennas, by using intentional and orderly frequency offset.
Electric fields and proliferation in a chronic wound model.

A wound model for decubitus and leg ulcers consisting of human dermal fibroblasts in type I collagen dermal "equivalent" matrix (DEM) was exposed in vitro to electric fields similar to postulated endogenous fields in wounds. After an 8-10 day maturation period, conductivity of DEM samples was determined. Then, DEM samples were mounted in oval windows equidistant between Ag/AgCl agar electrodes in exposure chambers containing serum-free medium. A known low-frequency sinusoidal current was then applied for 12 h, and the average electric field amplitude was calculated in the region of the cells. After a 6 h hiatus, 3H-thymidine was introduced for 6 h. This was followed by assay. Over a series of trials, field amplitude ranged from 18 to 1,000 mV/m at frequencies of 10 and 100 Hz. Proliferation was measured by total DNA and 3H-thymidine incorporation. Results indicated that a narrow amplitude window between 37 and 50 mV/meter at 10 Hz yielded increases in proliferation: At maximum (41 mV/m), there was a 70% increase in total DNA (P < .01). Increases occurred in 3H-thymidine incorporation at 41-50 mV/m but not at other amplitudes (P < .05). Increases in total DNA at 41 mV/m occurred at 10 Hz but not 100 Hz (P < .01). 3H-thymidine incorporation was in agreement (P < .05). Response was also a function of cell density within matrix. Proliferation occurred in the same amplitude and frequency ranges in which endogenous fields are expected to occur.
Universal QGP Hadronization Conditions at RHIC and LHC

We address the principles governing QGP hadronization and particle produc- tion in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We argue that ch emical non-equilibrium is re- quired and show that once this condition is assumed a very good description of hadron production in collider RHIC and at LHC heavy ion experiments follows. We present re- sults of our analysis as a function of centrality. Comparing most extreme experimental conditions we show that only the reaction volume and degree of strangeness phase space saturation change. We determine the universal QGP fireball h adronization conditions.
Thermal stabilization of low level RF distribution systems at SLAC

Analysis of SLC accelerator operator activity, in particular control system knob turns, indicated poor thermal stability performance of the low level RF distribution system in the SLC injector and positron production complex. Daily drifts of up to 15/spl deg/ S-band delay, about 30 times the tolerance, were observed. In this paper we describe the tool used to track down and quantify operator knob turn activity, the low level RF distribution stabilization systems, and some fixes used to correct the problem. In order to identify poorly performing components, a beam timing or phase monitor diagnostic has been developed. Initial results from it are be presented. >
Hierarchies from fluxes in string compactifications

Warped compactifications with significant warping provide one of the few known mechanisms for naturally generating large hierarchies of physical scales. We demonstrate that this mechanism is realizable in string theory, and give examples involving orientifold compactifications of type-IIB string theory and F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau fourfolds. In each case, the hierarchy of scales is fixed by a choice of Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz fluxes in the compact manifold. Our solutions involve compactifications of the Klebanov-Strassler gravity dual to a confining $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theory, and the hierarchy reflects the small scale of chiral symmetry breaking in the dual gauge theory.
Institutional Legitimacy of an Authoritarian State : China in the Mirror of Eastern Europe

Declining state legitimacy is more often linked to uncertainty about the socio-economic consequences of market reforms than to mass frustration due to limited political participation.
Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Activity component(s) assessed: Household/caregiving, occupational, sports/exercise Sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activity Time frame of recall: Current trimester of pregnancy Original mode of administration: Self-administered. Primary source of information: Dr. Lisa Chasan-Taber, Sc.D. Biostatistics & Epidemiology School of Public Health & Health Sciences 405 Arnold House 715 North Pleasant Street University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003-9304
Northeastern Floods of 1955: Rainfall and Runoff

Paper covers effect of storms and floods on hydrologic criteria used by Corps of Engineers in design of flood control structures.
Some Drug Treatments for the Turkey Tapeworm, Raillietina Georgiensis

Abstract Several studies on the efficacy of tin compounds in the treatment of chicken tapeworms have been published (Harwood and Guthrie, 1940; Kerr, 1952; Edgar, 1956; Edgar and Teer, 1957). Edgar (1958) has reported some activity for Trithiadol® 3 against chicken tapeworms. Little information is available on these compounds in treatment of turkey tapeworms. Some treatment trials have been completed on a flock of 1,500 domestic turkeys from Winterville, Georgia which was found to be infected with Raillietina (Raillietina) georgiensis (Reid and Nugara, 1961). A typical flock sample of 18 untreated birds was used as a control group. They had a worm number ranging from 2 to 30 with an average of 7.5 worms per bird. Four groups were treated with three different drugs. One group of 18 birds was confined to a pen and treated with Trithiadol® in the feed at the rate of 3 pounds per ton for 5 days.
Insertion of oxidized nucleotide triggers rapid DNA polymerase opening

A novel mechanism is unveiled to explain why a pro-mutagenic nucleotide lesion (oxidized guanine, 8-oxoG) causes the mammalian DNA repair polymerase-β (pol-β) to rapidly transition to an inactive open conformation. The mechanism involves unexpected features revealed recently in time-lapse crystallography. Specifically, a delicate water network associated with a lesion-stabilizing auxilliary product ion Mg(p) triggers a cascade of events that leads to poor active site geometry and the rupture of crucial molecular interactions between key residues in both the anti(8-oxoG:C) and syn(8-oxoG:A) systems. Once the base pairs in these lesioned systems are broken, dislocation of both Asp192 (a metal coordinating ligand) and the oxoG phosphate group (PO4) interfere with the hydrogen bonding between Asp192 and Arg258, whose rotation toward Asp192 is crucial to the closed-to-open enzyme transition. Energetically, the lesioned open states are similar in energy to those of the corresponding closed complexes after chemistry, in marked contrast to the unlesioned pol-β anti(G:C) system, whose open state is energetically higher than the closed state. The delicate surveillance system offers a fundamental protective mechanism in the cell that triggers DNA repair events which help deter insertion of oxidized lesions.
Is it Economical to Ignore the Driver? A Case Study on Multimode Combustion

Ignoring the driver’s torque command can be beneficial for fuel economy, especially if it leads to extended residence time at efficient operating conditions. We answered this question for a particular engine, which allows mode switches between spark ignition (SI) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. When operating such a multimode combustion engine it might be required to defer a load command outside the feasible regime of one combustion mode until a mode switch is accomplished. The resulting delays in engine torque response might negatively affect vehicle performance and drivability. In this paper a longitudinal vehicle model is presented, which incorporates dynamics associated with SI/HCCI mode switching. Two exemplary supervisory control strategies were evaluated in terms of fuel economy and torque behavior. It was seen that the duration of a mode switch may be short enough to avoid substantial impairment in torque response. This in turn would lead to the opportunity of purposefully ignoring the driver command. Thereby, the residence time in the beneficial HCCI combustion regime is prolonged and fuel-expensive mode switching avoided. The result is a trade-off between torque deviation and improvements in fuel economy. Finally, based on this trade-off the supervisory control strategy relying on a short-term prediction of engine load was seen to achieve similar fuel economy with slightly improved torque response than a strategy without prediction.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Femtosecond to nanosecond excited state dynamics of vapor deposited copper phthalocyanine thin films

Vapor deposited thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy. Exciton–exciton annihilation dominated the kinetics at high exciton densities. When annihilation was minimized, the observed lifetime was measured to be 8.6 ± 0.6 ns, which is over an order of magnitude longer than previous reports. In comparison with metal free phthalocyanine (H2Pc), the data show evidence that the presence of copper induces an ultrafast relaxation process taking place on the ca. 500 fs timescale. By comparison to recent time-resolved photoemission studies, this is assigned as ultrafast intersystem crossing. As the intersystem crossing occurs ca. 104 times faster than lifetime decay, it is likely that triplets are the dominant excitons in vapor deposited CuPc films. The exciton lifetime of CuPc thin films is ca. 35 times longer than H2Pc thin films, while the diffusion lengths reported in the literature are typically quite similar for the two materials. These findings suggest that despite appearing to be similar materials at first glance, CuPc and H2Pc may transport energy in dramatically different ways. This has important implications on the design and mechanistic understanding of devices where phthalocyanines are used as an excitonic material.
Effect of hypophysectomy on feed intake in rats.

SummaryThe effect of hypophysectomy on feed consumption in the rat was determined by two methods. A reduction was observed when operated rats were compared with sham-operated controls, and the feed consumption of the same rats before and after the operation was compared.The two methods indicated that hypophysectomy reduced the mean daily feed intake about 30%: These results are quite similar to the observation that the combined operations of thyroidectomy and adrenalectomy reduced feed intake about 30%, indicating that the lack of thyroxine and corticosterone may be the major hormones concerned in feed intake of those secreted by the pituitary and its target glands.
A Laboratory and Computer Based Approach to Calculus

(1972). A Laboratory and Computer Based Approach to Calculus. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 282-290.
Code-modulated interferometric imaging system using phased arrays

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) imaging provides compelling capabilities for security screening, navigation, and bio- medical applications. Traditional scanned or focal-plane mm-wave imagers are bulky and costly. In contrast, phased-array hardware developed for mass-market wireless communications and automotive radar promise to be extremely low cost. In this work, we present techniques which can allow low-cost phased-array receivers to be reconfigured or re-purposed as interferometric imagers, removing the need for custom hardware and thereby reducing cost. Since traditional phased arrays power combine incoming signals prior to digitization, orthogonal code-modulation is applied to each incoming signal using phase shifters within each front-end and two-bit codes. These code-modulated signals can then be combined and processed coherently through a shared hardware path. Once digitized, visibility functions can be recovered through squaring and code-demultiplexing operations. Pro- vided that codes are selected such that the product of two orthogonal codes is a third unique and orthogonal code, it is possible to demultiplex complex visibility functions directly. As such, the proposed system modulates incoming signals but demodulates desired correlations. In this work, we present the operation of the system, a validation of its operation using behavioral models of a traditional phased array, and a benchmarking of the code-modulated interferometer against traditional interferometer and focal-plane arrays.
Use of Indomethacin Suppositories in the Prophylaxis of Recurrent Ureteral Colic

AbstractTo determine the effects of indomethacin suppositories in the relief of acute colic and prevention of recurrent colic, we instituted a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Patients were randomized to receive either 50mg. indomethacin or placebo suppositories every 8 hours and all patients received prescriptions for supplemental narcotics to be used on an as needed basis. Relief of colic was assessed by counting the total number of supplemental narcotics used by each patient per 24 hours during the study period, which was defined as until passage of the calculus or 5 days. There were 41 patients entered into the study protocol and complete followup was available for 26. Mean calculus size was 3.4mm. in the indomethacin group versus 3.1mm. in the placebo group. All 13 patients in the control group had recurrent episodes of colic and 8 of these 13 had more than 1 recurrent episode. Five patients in the placebo group required admission to the hospital for control of pain. In contrast...