cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CO/+/ in comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 near minimum brightness

A spectrum of comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, taken when the comet was in a quiescent state 6.19 AU from the sun, shows the 1-0, 2-0, 3-0 and 4-0 vibrational transitions of the A2Pi-X2Sigma band system of CO(+) and a weak solar reflection continuum. It is noted that such emission has never been observed in this comet when in a quiescent state. Mechanisms for outbursts in the comet are discussed.
Effect of pH and PCO2 on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics after surgery in children with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension.

Fourteen children with congenital heart disease and associated pulmonary hypertension (preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) 48 mm Hg ±1 SEM were examined to determine the effect of arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco 2 ) and pH on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics after surgical repair. Baseline measurements were obtained with hyperventilation to Paco 2 20 to 30 mm Hg (pH 7.56±0.01 mm Hg). The addition of carbon dioxide to inspired gas to achieve a Paco 2 40 to 45 mm Hg (pH 7.35±0.01) resulted in a significant increase in MPAP, from 32±5 mm Hg to 47±8 mm Hg ( p 2 to 3.3±0.3 L/min/m 2 ( p 30 mm Hg (at pH 7.35 to 7.40), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) also significantly increased ( p 2 was increased, implying a direct pulmonary vasodilating effect of alkalosis. Removal of carbon dioxide from inspired gas returned hemodynamic values to baseline. The higher the MPAP at physiologic pH the greater the absolute amount of MPAP reduction and PVRI reduction ( p
Hashed symbol tables for languages with explicit scope control

Newer programming languages such as Modula and Euclid provide more control than traditional Algol-like languages such as ALGOL-60 and Pascal over the inheritance, in inner scopes, of named entities available in outer scopes. They also provide mechanisms whereby chosen entities from inner scopes may be made available to outer scopes. In this paper we show how a hashed symbol table can be organized to implement these new scope rules in a time and space efficient way.
IMEX: A tool for image display and contour management in a windowing environment

Medical workstations of the future will support the real-time display and interactive manipulation of 3-D objects derived from CT, MRI and other imaging modalities. As part of such an integrated system for visualizing 3-D volumes, we have developed an highly interactive, flexible, and portable program for the 2D display of image slices and contours outlining anatomical objects. The editing of these contours as well as their automatic creation by thresholding and edge-tracking is supported. The contours may later be used to generate 3D surfaces for shaded-graphics rendering, or to mask out regions of interest in the image for volume rendering. This "image executive" program, or Imex, is designed to run in a windowing environment (i.e., the X Window System). The user-interface model, which may be described as a "Macintosh 1 for images", associates one movable and resizable window with each displayed view of a 2D image slice or of an indexed array of slices. Any number of views into one slice or into a subset of an array of slices may be present. Natural interaction is achieved by providing immediate response and by using the mouse to effect navigation and viewing functions, for example grabbing and dragging a slice onto another to copy its field-of-view or other attributes.
EPR study of the oxidation of phenylhydrazine initiated by the e titanous chloride/hydrogen peroxide reaction and by oxyhemoglobin

Abstract We have studied by EPR spectroscopy at 25°C and over the pH range 5.0–10.0 the substrate phenylhydrazine with the use of the TiCl3H202 rapid-mixing, continuous-flow, radical-generating method. The complex EPR spectrum observed is fully interpretable in terms of the PhNNHZ radical. So far, there have been no reports in the literature of EPR data for this radical. In addition, we have examined the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by oxyhemoglobin at 25°C at pH 7.4 with the use of a rapid-mixing, continuous-flow method analogous to that employed for the TiC13-H202/phenylhydrazine investigation. Once again, the EPR absorption observed is fully interpretable in terms of PhNNH2. Comparison of the procedures and results obtained with the use of the two methods suggests that the TiC13-H202/phenylhydrazine and oxyhemoglobin/phenylhydrazine reaction systems are of similar effectiveness in generating PhNNHZ radicals.
Shrimp ingestion dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis

Abstract Rationale Exercise induced anaphylaxis caused by exclusive consumption of shrimp is an uncommon occurrence. Case A 23-year-old male medical student with history of allergic rhinitis experienced generalized pruritis, urticaria, dyspnea, and dizziness during cross-country running. He ate shrimp one hour before exercise and the symptoms developed 30 minutes into exercising. He was rushed to the emergency room, found to have tachycardia and hypotension, and appropriately treated with resolution of symptoms. Similar discrete episodes reoccurred twice after eating shrimp followed by exercise. Exercising on an empty stomach, eating foods other than shrimp, and shrimp ingestion without exercise does not cause any symptoms. Results Skin prick tests (SPT) for inhalants and foods were positive to orchard, Kentucky blue grass, Italian rye, red top, Timothy grass, cat and dog epithelium, house dust mites, trout, tuna, clam, lobster, fish, beef, and pork. SPT for shrimp using commercial extract was negative. Open challenge of selected foods with and without exercising revealed no symptoms. However, open challenge to shrimp followed by exercise reproduced his symptoms of anaphylaxis as previously described. Patient did not manifest symptoms of anaphylaxis with the consumption of shrimp without exercise. Conclusion SPT using commercial shrimp extract was of no value. Moreover, ingestion of other foods to which SPT were positive did not provoke exercise dependent anaphylaxis. Only shrimp intake followed by exercise caused anaphylaxis. This observation should increase awareness regarding shrimp as an exclusive cause of food dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis.
In-gap collective mode spectrum of the topological Kondo insulator SmB 6

Samarium hexaboride $({\mathrm{SmB}}_{6})$ is the first strongly correlated material with a recognized nontrivial band-structure topology. Its electron correlations are seen by inelastic neutron scattering as a coherent collective excitation at the energy of 14 meV. Here, we calculate the spectrum of this mode using a perturbative slave-boson method. Our starting point is the recently constructed Anderson model that properly captures the band-structure topology of ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$. Most self-consistent renormalization effects are captured by a few phenomenological parameters whose values are fitted to match the calculated and experimentally measured mode spectrum in the first Brillouin zone. A simple band-structure of low-energy quasiparticles in ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ is also modeled through this fitting procedure because the important renormalization effects due to Coulomb interactions are hard to calculate by ab initio methods. Despite involving uncontrolled approximations, the slave-boson calculation is capable of producing a fairly good quantitative match of the energy spectrum, and a qualitative match of the spectral weight throughout the first Brillouin zone. We find that the ``fitted'' band structure required for this match indeed puts ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ in the class of strong topological insulators. Our analysis thus provides a detailed physical picture of how the ${\mathrm{SmB}}_{6}$ band topology arises from strong electron interactions, and paints the collective mode as magnetically active exciton.
Focal temporal burst-suppression during Wada-test correlated with speech arrest

This patient underwent a repeat Wada test after placement of subdural grid electrodes for chronic electrocorticographic recording (ECoG). Focal burst suppression pattern was recorded by the left temporal but not the suprasylvian subdural electrodes after intracarotid injection of 100 mg of sodium-amobarbital. Speech arrest continued until the recorded became record became continuous. In contrast to the prolonged hemispheric slowing by surface electroencephalogram (EEG), focal burst suppression on ECoG can be related tightly related with cortical dysfunction induced by intracarotid amobarbital injection.
Nonepithelial malignancies mimicking primary carcinoma of the breast.

Although primary carcinomas account for the majority of breast malignancies, nonepithelial malignancies form a subset that must be differentiated accurately for treatment purposes. The purpose of this study was to identify cytological characteristics that differentiate between these two entities. Twenty-six fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with histological correlation were reviewed (five lymphomas, two myelomas, six sarcomas, seven melanomas, and six carcinomas). On review, nonepithelial tumors presented as single cells with scant or ill-defined cytoplasm with rare cluster formations present. In contrast, carcinomas were arranged predominantly in clusters and contained more-defined, abundant, and sometimes vacuolated cytoplasm. Moreover, a major aid to diagnosis was an accurate clinical history. We conclude that nonepithelial malignancies of the breast are best differentiated from epithelial malignancies by a combination of cytological features and clinical information. These findings emphasize the importance of the triple test, in which integration of cytological findings and clinical information play a key role. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:352–357. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Division plane determination in guard mother cells of Allium: Video time-lapse analysis of nuclear movements and phragmoplast rotation in the cortex

Abstract In guard mother cells of Allium , the formation of a longitudinal cell wall oriented 90° to all other division planes in the epidermis is programmed prior to mitosis. However, the spindle axis is oblique and daughter chromosomes separate toward opposite corners of the cell. The correct division plane is achieved in late anaphase/telophase when a reorientation process moves the chromosome masses and the cell plate into their proper positions. Video time-lapse methods have now been used to analyze these movements. At least two processes are involved. In phase 1, movement of the daughter chromosomes along the side walls accounts for some (or all in the case of short GMCs) of reorientation before the cell plate forms. In most cells, this initial phase ceases before the oblique orientation of the spindle is corrected. As a result, the new cell plate maintains a skewed position until the phragmoplast reaches the preprophase band site near the paradermal walls. The plate edge than rotates into the midlongitudinal plane, marking the start of phase 2. Realignment continues around the rest of the plate edge as the phragmoplast expands cross the cell, and eventually the center of the plate also turns due to the action at the edges. The daughter nuclei also resume movement as the plate turns. Phase 2 ceases when the plate is longitudinal and the nuclei face each other midway along the side walls. These events are seen in green as well as white light. Blue light does not affect phase 1 but it does interfere with edge rotation in phase 2. Edge rotation is also sensitive to sodium azide. Thus, data obtained from live cells show that the phragmoplast interacts with the cortex/plasmalemma at the preprophase band site to achieve the correct plane of division.
α-Adrenergic effects on Na+-K+ pump current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes

1. The whole-cell patch clamp was employed to study Na+-K+ pump current (Ip) in acutely isolated myocytes. alpha-Adrenergic receptors were activated with noradrenaline (NA) after blocking beta-adrenergic receptors with propranolol. Ip was measured as the current blocked by strophanthidin (Str). 2. Activation of alpha-receptors by NA increased Ip in a concentration-dependent manner. The K0.5 depended on intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), however maximal stimulation did not. At 15 nM [Ca2+]i the K0.5 was 219 nM NA whereas at 1.4 microM [Ca2+]i it was 3 nM. 3. The voltage dependence of Ip was not shifted by NA at either high or low [Ca2+]i. At each voltage, maximal stimulation of Ip was 14-15 %. 4. Staurosporine (St), an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), eliminated the alpha-receptor-mediated stimulation of Ip at either high or low[Ca2+]i. 5. The stimulation of Ip was independent of changes in intracellular sodium or external potassium concentrations, and did not reflect a change in affinity for Str. 6. Phenylephrine, methoxamine and metaraminol, three selective alpha1-adrenergic agonists, stimulate Ip in a similar manner to NA. Stimulation of Ip by NA was eliminated by prazosin, an alpha1-antagonist, but was unaffected by yohimbine, an alpha2-antagonist. 7. We conclude noradrenaline activates ventricular alpha1-receptors, which are specifically coupled via PKC to increase Na+-K+ pump current. The sensitivity of the coupling is [Ca2+]i dependent, however the maximal increase in pump current is [Ca2+]i and voltage independent.
A Nutritional Conditional Lethal Mutant Due to Pyridoxine 5’-Phosphate Oxidase Deficiency in Drosophila melanogaster

The concept of auxotrophic complementation has been proposed as an approach to identify genes in essential metabolic pathways in Drosophila melanogaster. However, it has achieved limited success to date, possibly due to the low probability of finding mutations fit with the chemically defined profile. Instead of using the chemically defined culture media lacking specific nutrients, we used bare minimum culture medium, i.e., 4% sucrose, for adult Drosophila. We identified a nutritional conditional lethal mutant and localized a c.95C > A mutation in the Drosophila pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase gene [dPNPO or sugarlethal (sgll)] using meiotic recombination mapping, deficiency mapping, and whole genome sequencing. PNPO converts dietary vitamin B6 such as pyridoxine to its active form pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). The missense mutation (sgll95) results in the substitution of alanine to aspartate (p.Ala32Asp). The sgll95 flies survive well on complete medium but all die within 6 d on 4% sucrose only diet, which can be rescued by pyridoxine or PLP supplement, suggesting that the mutation does not cause the complete loss of PNPO activity. The sgll knockdown further confirms its function as the Drosophila PNPO. Because better tools for positional cloning and cheaper whole genome sequencing have made the identification of point mutations much easier than before, alleviating the necessity to pinpoint specific metabolic pathways before gene identification, we propose that nutritional conditional screens based on bare minimum growth media like ours represent promising approaches for discovering important genes and mutations in metabolic pathways, thereby accelerating the establishment of in vivo models that recapitulate human metabolic diseases.
Armenian Christians and Turkish Muslims: Prospects for reconciliation through interfaith dialogue on the events of history

Abstract In 1915, entire Armenian villages were burnt to the ground, residents being evacuated, murdered, or sent on forced death-marches. Armenian sources claim that as many as two million Armenians were murdered. These questions live on in present-day Muslim and Christian interaction. What should our response be to this relationship between past and present? This article explore how these unresolved histories affect present-day Muslim Turks and Christian Armenians in their faith and identity development. It considers the prospect of improved Turkish–Armenian relations as they relate to history and the role that religion might play in fostering reconciliation. Lastly, it suggests how these events might be instructive to Muslims, Christians, and Jews committed to interfaith partnerships for human rights.
Modeling multiphased missions using stochastic Petri nets with aging tokens

Various aspects of reliability modeling for systems that undergo changes in configuration during their mission are investigated in the context of Petri nets. In general, the duration of each phase for such multiphase scenarios can be either instantaneous (e.g., failure to activate on demand), deterministic (e.g., takeoff, cruise, and landing phases of a given aircraft mission), or random (e.g., time of spare activation, changes of stress levels due to component failure in shared-load systems). It is shown that utilizing recently introduced aging tokens provides a dynamic means for modeling complex multiphased missions without resorting to the use of marking dependence for generally distributed (nonexponential) failure distributions. Such a direct approach to the modeling of dynamically reconfigurable systems is contrasted with traditional methods previously described in the literature. Several examples are provided to illustrate the application of aging tokens to multiphase aging systems.
Biographical Origins of Psychological Ideas: Freud's Cocaine Studies

This article explores the biographical and experiential origins of psychological ideas by focusing on the role that Freud's personal use of cocaine played in his gradual abandonment of a positivist...
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Bio-Diesel (B100)-Ignited Methane and Propane Combustion in a Four Cylinder Turbocharged Compression Ignition Engine

Different combustion strategies and fuel sources are needed to deal with increasing fuel efficiency demands and emission restrictions. One possible strategy is dual fueling using readily available resources. Propane and natural gas are readily available with the current infrastructure and biodiesel is growing in popularity as a renewable fuel. This paper presents experimental results from dual fuel combustion of methane (as a surrogate for natural gas) and propane as primary fuels with biodiesel pilots in a 1.9 liter, turbocharged, 4 cylinder diesel engine at 1800 rev/min. Experiments were performed with different percentage energy substitutions (PES) of propane and methane and at different brake mean effective pressures (BMEP/bmep). Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and emissions (NOx, HC, CO, CO2 , O2 and smoke) were also measured. Maximum PES levels for B100-methane dual fuelling were limited to 70% at 2.5 bar bmep and 48% at 10 bar bmep, and corresponding values for B100-propane dual fuelling were 64% and 43%, respectively. Maximum PES was limited by misfire at 2.5 bar bmep and the onset of engine knock at 10 bar bmep. Dual fuel BTEs approached straight B100 values at 10 bar bmep while they were significantly lower than B100 values at 2.5 bar bmep. In general dual fuelling was beneficial in reducing NOx and smoke emissions by 33% and 50%, respectively from baseline B100 levels; however, both CO and THC emissions were significantly higher than baseline B100 levels at all PES and loads.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Urethral Exudates of Men with Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections Select a Restricted Lipooligosaccharide Phenotype During Transmission

Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) induce immunoglobulin G that protects men from experimental infection. This raises the possibility that an LOS vaccine might prevent gonorrhea. Gonococci make different LOS molecules, depending on whether 3 genes, lgtA, lgtC, and lgtD, are in frame (IF) or out of frame (OOF). Mispairing of polymeric guanine (polyG) tracts within each gene determines its frame during replication. We amplified lgtA, lgtC, and lgtD from diagnostic slides of urethral exudates and sequenced their polyG tracts. We found that lgtA in exudative bacteria is IF and that lgtC is OOF. The frame of lgtD varied widely: it was OOF in most but not all cases. This genotype would result in synthesis of polylactosamine α chains that could be sialylated. Polylactosamine α chains would enhance virulence, and their sialylation would enable gonococci to survive within polymorphonuclear cells; however, an active LgtD in a few bacteria could provide a survival advantage in other sites of infection.
Police Vehicular Pursuits: An Overview of Research and Legal Conceptualizations for Police Administrators:

Research into the realm of police pursuits is fraught with many complex, often conflicting methodologies and ending results. Some projects have indicated police pursuits to be highly dangerous and in need of better supervisory and administrative control. Others maintain that pursuits are not as dangerous as previously believed and are, therefore, an integral and necessary component of police duties. Struggling to come to terms with the many intricate scholarly research endeavors in this area, along with the variety of legal decisions so often occurring as a result of a pursuit gone awry, is the police administrator. Ultimately, it remains the responsibility of the policy writers and administrators to devise effective, efficient policy with regard to police vehicular pursuits. Only through improving written policy will negative outcomes of police pursuits such as accidents, injuries, fatalities, and litigation wane.
A comparison of rapid potentiometric and colorimetric methods for measuring tissue nitrate concentrations in leafy green vegetables.

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Cardy NO3-N meter, ion, selective electrode, ISE, fresh sap, dry tissue SUMMARY. Leafy green vegetables such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Asian greens (Brassica spp.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) have a tendency to accumulate high concentrations of potentially harmful nitrate–nitrogen (NO3-N). It would be advantageous for growers to have rapid and inexpensive methods to accurately measure plant tissue NO3-N to make fertility and harvest management decisions for these crops. This study compared fresh sap expressed from whole leaves and analyzed with a Cardy meter with the analysis of dry leaf tissue extracts analyzed with a benchtop ion selective electrode (ISE) and an automated colorimetric method for determining NO3-N concentration. Results from ISE and colorimetric analysis of the same dry leaf tissue extracts had a strong relationship (r 2 = 0.92). The ISE was relatively easy to operate and affordable, suggesting it is an adequate substitute for automated colorimetric analysis of dry plant tissue extracts. Results of fresh whole leaf sap analyzed with the Cardy meter showed a poor relationship with dry leaf tissue extracted and analyzed using the ISE (r 2 = 0.25) or with colorimetric analysis (r 2 = 0.21). When fresh whole leaf sap was diluted 1:1 with aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3] to adjust for potential matrix effects, there was still a relatively poor relationship (r 2 = 0.41) between the diluted sap samples analyzed with a Cardy meter and the dry leaf tissue extracted and analyzed with the ISE. When the same dry leaf tissue extracts were analyzed with the Cardy meter and the ISE, the results related well (r 2 = 0.96). As a result of tissue processing and/or instrument differences, Cardy meter analysis of sap expressed from whole leaves was not comparable to ISE or colorimetric analyses of dry leaf tissue extracts for leafy green vegetables.
Hydrogen Bonds and Kinematic Mobility of Protein Molecules

Modeling protein molecules as kinematic chains provides the foundation for developing powerful approaches to the design, manipulation, and fabrication of peptide based molecules and devices. Nevertheless, these models possess a high number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) with considerable computational implications. On the other hand, real protein molecules appear to exhibit a much lower mobility during the folding process than what is suggested by existing kinematic models. The key contributor to the lower mobility of real proteins is the formation of hydrogen bonds during the folding process. In this paper, we explore the pivotal role of hydrogen bonds in determining the structure and function of the proteins from the point of view of mechanical mobility. The existing geometric criteria on the formation of hydrogen bonds are reviewed and a new set of geometric criteria is proposed. We show that the new criteria better correlate the number of predicted hydrogen bonds with those established by biological principles than other existing criteria. Furthermore, we employ established tools in kinematics mobility analysis to evaluate the internal mobility of protein molecules and to identify the rigid and flexible segments of the proteins. Our results show that the developed procedure significantly reduces the DOF of the protein models, with an average reduction of 94%. Such a dramatic reduction in the number of DOF can have enormous computational implications in protein folding simulations.
Pharmacodynamics of Promethazine in Human Subjects

Promethazine (PMZ) is the drug of choice for the treatment of symptoms associated with space motion sickness in astronauts. Side effects of PMZ include sedation, dizziness and cognitive performance impairment. In this study, we examined pharmacodynamics (PD) in human subjects and validated methods for evaluating cognitive performance effects of medications in space. METHODS: PMZ (12.5,25, and 50 mg) or placebo was administered by IM injection to human subjects in a randomized double-blind treatment design. Samples and data were collected for 72 h post dose. PD evaluation was performed using a battery of performance tests administered using WinSCAT (Windows based Space Cognitive Assessment Test) on a laptop computer, and ARES (ANAM Readiness Evaluation System) on a PDA, plasma concentrations of PMZ were measured using a LC-MS method. RESULTS: Results indicate a linear correlation between PMZ concentration and cognitive performance parameters (p<0.01). Test accuracy decreased and test completion time and response time increased significantly with increasing plasma PMZ concentration. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a concentration dependent decrement in cognitive performance associated with PMZ. WinSCAT and ARES are sensitive tools for the assessment PMZ PD and may be applicable for such evaluations with other neurocognitive drugs.
Vagrant Western Red-Shouldered Hawks: Origins, Natal Dispersal Patterns, and Survival

Abstract. We report the results of a 40-year study of the western Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus elegans) involving the banding of 2742 nestlings in southern California from 1970 to 2009 (this study) plus 127 nestlings banded in other California studies (1956–2008) and the analyses of 119 records of subsequent recovery from the Bird Banding Laboratory (1957–2009). Of the Red-shouldered Hawks recovered, 109 (91.6%) moved 100 km (long-distance dispersers). Three (2.5%), all long-distance dispersers, were vagrants (recovered outside the species' range of residency), and were found 374 to 843 km northeast and south of their banding locations in the Mojave, Great Basin, and Vizcaino deserts. The distribution of directions of short-distance dispersal was bipolar, closely corresponding with the northwest—southeast orientation of the species' range in southern California, while that of long-distance dispersers was mainly to the north. One of 10 long...
Onyx-HD 500 Embolization of a Traumatic Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Transsphenoidal Surgery

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms present a challenge for treatment. Traditionally these lesions have required a deconstructive approach consisting of vessel sacrifice since their fragile nature often makes direct microsurgical repair or coil embolization hazardous. As a high-viscosity liquid embolic agent that results in immediate, vessel sparing aneurysm occlusion, Onyx-HD 500 represents a uniquely efficacious tool for this clinical situation. CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 56-year-old right-handed gentleman who suffered a vascular injury to the ICA during revision transsphenoidal surgery for a recurrent pituitary macroadenoma. The patient was initially treated with nasal packing, but after recurrent episodes of epistaxis and a CT angiogram demonstrating a large traumatic ICA pseudoaneurysm, the patient was referred for invasive treatment. Given the presumed fragility of the lesion, embolization with Onyx-HD 500 was chosen in order to safely achieve immediate aneurysm occlusion without the need for vessel sacrifice. After an early recurrence due to incomplete initial embolization, the patient went on to complete occlusion without further hemorrhage. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the utility of a high-viscosity liquid embolic agent in providing immediate protection from rehemorrhage by occluding a large ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the proximal intracranial ICA, while sparing the parent artery.
Intra-mesencephalic injection of imipramine, promazine and chlorprothixene in awake monkeys

Abstract Assemblies of cannulae and electrodes (chemitrodes) were permanently implanted into mesencephalic and pontine areas of monkeys. Thresholds for electrical excitability in awake animals were established for (a) attention response; (b) offensive-defensive reaction; (c) motor effects; and (d) tremor. Electrical activity of the brain was recorded. In different experiments imipramine, promazine, chlorprothixene and novocaine were injected intracerebrally at a rate of 1·6 μl/min continuously for 3 hr. intraperitoneal injections were also tested. Administration of tricyclic drugs decreased mesencephalic excitability with preferential blocking of offensive-defensive manifestations. Electrically-evoked tremor was also a sensitive indicator of drug effects, while motor responses were much less modified. Intracerebral and intraperitoneal injection produced qualitatively similar effects, but the action was strictly localized to the injected area in the first case, while generalized in the second. The potency of the drugs was different: Chlorprothixene produced the strongest decrease in mesencephalic excitability, followed by promazine and then imipramine; intracerebrally injected novocaine had the weakest effect.
Relationship between Abundance and Specific Activity of Bacterioplankton in Open Ocean Surface Waters

Marine microbial communities are complex and dynamic, and their ecology impacts biogeochemical cycles in pelagic ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the relative activities of different microbial populations within genetically diverse communities. We used rRNA as a proxy for activity to quantify the relative specific activities (rRNA/ribosomal DNA [rDNA or rRNA genes]) of the eubacterial populations and to identify locations or clades for which there are uncouplings between specific activity and abundance. After analyzing 1.6 million sequences from 16S rDNA and rRNA (cDNA) libraries from two euphotic depths from a representative site in the Pacific Ocean, we show that although there is an overall positive relationship between the abundances (rDNAs) and activities (rRNAs) among populations of the bacterial community, for some populations these measures are uncoupled. Different ecological strategies are exemplified by the two numerically dominant clades at this site: the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is abundant but disproportionately more active, while the heterotrophic SAR11 is abundant but less active. Other rare populations, such as Alteromonas, have high specific activities in spite of their low abundances, suggesting intense population regulation. More detailed analyses using a complementary quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based approach of measuring relative specific activity for Prochlorococcus populations in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans also show that specific activity, but not abundance, reflects the key drivers of light and nutrients in this system; our results also suggest substantial top-down regulation (e.g., grazing, viruses, or organismal interactions) or transport (e.g., mixing, immigration, or emigration) of these populations. Thus, we show here that abundance and specific activity can be uncoupled in open ocean systems and that describing both is critical to characterizing microbial communities and predicting marine ecosystem functioning and responses to change.
Pediatric Body MRI

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Congenital Anomalies 3 Tumors and Other Mass Lesions 4 Summary 5 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Direct effects of growth hormone on insulin action in rat adipose tissue maintained in vitro.

Previous studies have shown that there is impaired insulin action in states of GH excess. In the present work, an organ culture system for adipose tissue was used in an attempt to characterize those diabetogenic cellular alterations directly attributable to GH. Pieces of rat epididymal fat tissue were maintained in supplemented medium 199 for 20–44 h in the absence or presence of bovine or human GH (5.0 × 10-7 to 5.0 × 10-10 M). [125I]Insulin binding, basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, and glucose utilization were measured in adipocytes isolated from the cultured tissue. Prolonged exposure to GH did not influence insulin receptor number or affinity. In contrast, GH-treated cells showed reduced hexose uptake in the basal state and in response to 0.2–40 ng/ml insulin. However, insulin sensitivity was not altered, since the incremental response to maximally effective concentrations of insulin and the concentration of insulin causing half-maximal stimulation were the same in GH-treated and un...
Host-specific driving force in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution in vivo.

To investigate the process of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evolution in vivo, a total of 179 HIV-1 V3 sequences derived from cell-free plasma were determined from serial samples in three epidemiologically linked individuals (one infected blood donor and two transfusion recipients) over a maximum period of 8 years. A systematic analysis of pairwise comparisons of intrapatient sequences, both within and between each sample time point, revealed a preponderance and accumulation of nonsynonymous rather than synonymous substitutions in the V3 loop and flanking regions as they diverged over time. This strongly argues for the dominant role that positive selection for amino acid change plays in governing the pattern and process of HIV-1 env V3 evolution in vivo and nullifies hypotheses of purely neutral or mutation-driven evolution or completely chance events. In addition, different rates of evolution of HIV-1 were observed in these three different individuals infected with the same viral strain, suggesting that the degree of positive pressure for HIV-1 amino acid change is host dependent. Finally, the observed similar rate of accumulation in divergence within and between infected individuals suggests that the process of genetic divergence in the HIV epidemic proceeds regardless of host-to-host transmission events, i.e., that transmission does not reset the evolutionary clock.
Aircraft-Borne Lightning Sensor

An instrument is described that has been used to measure the spatial and temporal distributions of lightning strokes as seen from a high-altitude aircraft platform. It consists of two separate sensors. One has a lens, selectable filters, and a 50 x 50 element array of photodiodes. The second has an identical lens, filters, and a single detector that covers the same total field of view.
A New Species of Digenea (Trematoda: Brachycladiidae) from the Gervais' Beaked Whale, Mesoplodon Europaeus, with Comments on Other Cetacean Liver Flukes

Abstract Cetitrema meadi sp. n. (Trematoda: Nasitrematinae), a liver fluke from Gervais' beaked whale (Mesoplodon europaeus), is described. This species is easily distinguished from the one other member of the genus by the size and shape of body and testes. Lecithodesmus spinosus, Margolis and Pike, 1955, described from the bile ducts of Balaenoptera physalus, is transferred to the genus Brachycladium, e.g., Brachycladium spinosus (Margolis and Pike, 1955) n. comb., and is reported as a new host record from the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758). Additional new host and distribution records are reported for the liver flukes, Oschmarinella sobolevi Skrjabin, 1947, Brachycladium pacificum (Dailey and Perrin, 1973) Gibson, 2005, and Brachycladium sp., from 3 species of cetaceans, Mesoplodon europeaeus, Globicephala macrorhynchus, and Ziphius cavirostris, respectively.
Data-Flow Computers

All of the advanced microprocessors discussed in the preceding chapters are von Neumann-type. A program is executed in a sequence of ordered operations that a programmer specifies. A program counter points to the memory locations in which these operations and their operands reside, and the processor’s control unit generates the appropriate control signals to activate within the processor those components that eventually will execute a particular operation. Due to this “controlled” flow of instructions and data, this type of processor sometimes is referred to as a control-flow processor. Remember, however, that, notwithstanding the sequential execution by a control-flow processor, it can display various forms of parallelism. Consider, for example, the i860, whose floating-point unit can execute various processes between the adder and multiplier units. Although these processes are sequential in nature, they can be executed in parallel and can transmit data to or receive data from each other. See also the discussion of the transputer in Chapter 6.
Effects of cortisone and ACTH therapy on eosinophils of the bone marrow and blood.

SummaryEosinophil counts were performed on blood and bone marrow of 7 patients before and during either cortisone or ACTH therapy. At a time of marked diminution in the eosinophils of the peripheral blood, the eosinophilic cells of the bone marrow were not decreased.
Nutritional Intake in Adult Hemodialysis Patients.

BACKGROUND Research pertaining to the nutritional intake of hemodialysis patients is limited. PURPOSE Describe the nutritional quality of foods consumed by hemodialysis patients and variation by day of the week. METHODS Dietary recalls were obtained from 22 hemodialysis patients and analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research. RESULTS Few statistically significant differences were found by day of the week, but several dietary deficits were noted. CONCLUSION The data suggest poor intake of calories, protein, and several vitamins and minerals, as well as excess sodium consumption, but little variation by day of the week. Additional research is needed.
Student perceptions of the knowledge, skills, and abilities desired by potential employers of psychology majors.

For the vast majority of psychology majors who do not pursue graduate training but elect to enter the workforce upon graduation, a critical college-to-career transitional issue is recognizing the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) desired by employers who hire psychology majors (Landrum, Hettic
Feasibility Study of Using Thermoelectric Cooling Modules for Active Cooling of Photovoltaic Panels

Temperature increment is one of the main challenges for solar concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems which cause cell degradation and significant efficiency loss. To overcome this issue, a novel cooling method by using Peltier effect is proposed and investigated. In this approach, thermoelectric cooling (TEC) modules are considered to be installed on the back side of the photovoltaic (PV) module. The required power to run the TEC module is provided by the PV panel itself. A comprehensive model is developed and simulated via MATLAB in order to determine the values of temperatures in different sections of the system and calculate the required power to run the TEC module and the extra generated power by PV panels due to the cooling effect. The result shows that using TEC modules can successfully keep the PV cell temperature within the desired temperature range during a hot day when limited temperature reduction is needed.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
S-wave Velocity From Ground Roll Inversion: Source-receiver Tests And Statics

Estimating a near-surface S-wave velocity (Vs) structure is important in providing a static solution for multicomponent seismic analysis as well as for geotechnical purposes. We use the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) method to delineate Vs in the near surface (Park et al., 1998; Xia et al., 1999). We applied the MASW method to seismic datasets acquired at the La Marque Geophysical Observatory at the University of Houston Coastal Center, Galveston County, Texas (Figure 1) in March, 2010. There were two major objectives of our study: 1) to test different sources (a 12 lb sledge hammer versus a truck-mounted accelerated weight drop) and various receivers (planted geophones versus a dragged land streamer) and 2) to determine the near-surface S-wave velocity structure in the area. Another goal is also to compare the resolutions of different dispersion curves created by MASW method for different settings and to investigate the consistency of results. The dispersion curves for the seismic lines with planted receivers have lower noise with compare to the land streamer data. Data from lines having planted geophones contain information from greater depth. One of the reasons is the better coupling of planted geophones. Velocity results are consistent though for both types of receivers for the very near surface (7-8m). Analysis shows that the S-wave velocity ranges from 120220m/sec for first 7-8m and increases up to about 500m/sec at a depth of 18-20m.
Change in the Face of Resistance Positioning Hope for Women Returnees to the Indian Workforce

The ProblemThe Indian economy is one of the fastest growing in the world, but that growth is not accessible to all people. Women who exit the workforce and return face challenges that make staying ...
Change of Information Uncertainty and Analysts’ Earnings Forecast Inefficiency: A Study around the Merger Announcement Date

We find strong evidence that the impact of biased near term analysts’ forecast on target stocks trading volume becomes larger when the change of information uncertainty increases around the merger announcement date. We also find that analysts systematically mis-react to target stock misvaluation and this empirical finding gives rise to the near term analysts’ forecast inefficiency around the merger announcement date. Moreover, we observe that analysts issue more optimistic earnings forecast toward target stocks when the change of information uncertainty increases around the merger announcement date. This can be explained by the analysts’ incentive to generate trading commissions around the merger announcement date. Our research further extends Chen and Jiang (2006)’s Bayesian approach in modeling the analysts’ weighting behavior and analyzing its subsequent cause of the near term forecast inefficiency. The paper uses portfolio analysis to point out the significant impact of near term analysts’ forecast inefficiency on the target stock cumulative abnormal return. The degree of impact of this forecast inefficiency becomes larger with the increase of the change of information uncertainty. Our research adds to the analysts’ conflict of interest literature in a context of mergers and acquisitions.
A portal for visualizing Grid usage: Research Articles

We introduce a framework for measuring the use of Grid services and exposing simple summary data to an authorized set of Grid users through a JSR168-enabled portal. The sensor framework has been integrated into the Globus Toolkit and allows Grid administrators to have access to a mechanism helping with report and usage statistics. Although the original focus was the reporting of actions in relationship to GridFTP services, the usage service has been expanded to report also on the use of other Grid services. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scrotal arteriovenous malformation: Case report and literature review

We report a rare case of scrotal arteriovenous malformation in an adolescent. Arteriovenous malformation of the scrotum is distinguished radiographically and histologically by numerous arterioles and thick walled veins with no intervening capillary bed. The cardinal sign is a bruit. Complete excision is recommended as definitive treatment. Preoperative angio-embolization may be helpful but it should not be relied upon for clinical resolution.
Inorganic chemistry: Fleeting glimpse of an elusive element

A heroic effort to characterize the chemistry of actinium, a short-lived radioactive element, reveals surprising differences in behaviour compared with other elements in the actinide series.
Stratigraphy and Bonebed Taphonomy at Blackwater Draw Locality No. 1 during the Middle Holocene (Altithermal)

Salvage excavations at Blackwater Draw Locality No. 1 (LA 3224) during 1956 recovered a small assemblage of bison remains and a few lithic artifacts from Archaic-age levels at the site. The assemblage was originally reported to be the remains of an Archaic kill/processing event. Reanalysis of the faunal remains and consideration of the taphonomic factors affecting the structure of the assemblage casts the reportedly cultural origin of the bone bed into doubt. Bone density and weathering patterns, the geomorphic history of the strata in which the remains were found and radiocarbon assays suggest the remains were not found in primary context. The strata in which the bones were encased were continually reworked during the Early to Middle Holocene. Eolian deflation (the primary taphonomic agent affecting the assemblage) during the Middle Holocene on the southern Plains was oftentimes severe at the site level, and can be attributed to the overarching climatic regime of the Altithermal.
Time Reference in the Service of Social Action

The present study investigates the ways that members of society refer to time. Concrete methods for communicating about points in time and locating events in relation to them make relevant and thereby ground abstract time-reckoning in the lives of interactants. Through a taxonomy of references to time—termed absolute and event-relative, each with subcategories—we describe the intrinsic affordances that different designs provide coparticipants engaging in social interaction. In analyzing talk from both ordinary and institutional contexts, we demonstrate how these affordances can be mobilized in the co-construction and maintenance of intersubjectivity, in managing interpersonal relationships, and in conjunction with a variety of social actions. By describing how sociotemporal ordering is invoked, put into use, and contextually achieved in the immediacy of quotidian conduct, we posit that time-reckoning categories are social not only in their construction but also in their everyday use.
Re: Saint-Laurent Thibault C, Moorjaney D, Ganz ML, et al. Cost-effectiveness of combination daclatasvir-sofosbuvir for treatment of genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C infection in the United States. J Med Econ 2017;20:692-702.

The article by Thibault et al.1 establishes the superiority of daclatasvir-sofosbuvir (DCV + SOF) over sofosbuvir-ribavirin (SOF + RBV) in the treatment of genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C infection ...
The Importance of Statistical Modeling in Data Analysis and Inference.

Statistical inference simply means to draw a conclusion based on information that comes from data. Error bars are the most commonly used tool for data analysis and inference in chemical engineering data studies. This work demonstrates, using common types of data collection studies, the importance of specifying the statistical model for sound statistical analysis and inference and how this reveals unsound approaches such as the use of error bars.