cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decadal-scale export of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment from the Susquehanna River basin, USA: Analysis and synthesis of temporal and spatial patterns

The export of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and suspended sediment (SS) is a long-standing management concern for the Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. Here we present a comprehensive evaluation of nutrient and sediment loads over the last three decades at multiple locations in the Susquehanna River basin (SRB), Chesapeake's largest tributary watershed. Sediment and nutrient riverine loadings, including both dissolved and particulate fractions, have generally declined at all sites upstream of Conowingo Dam (non-tidal SRB outlet). Period-of-record declines in riverine yield are generally smaller than those in source input, suggesting the possibility of legacy contributions. Consistent with other watershed studies, these results reinforce the importance of considering lag time between the implementation of management actions and achievement of river quality improvement. Whereas flow-normalized loadings for particulate species have increased recently below Conowingo Reservoir, those for upstream sites have declined, thus substantiating conclusions from prior studies about decreased reservoir trapping efficiency. In regard to streamflow effects, statistically significant log-linear relationships between annual streamflow and annual constituent load suggest the dominance of hydrological control on the inter-annual variability of constituent export. Concentration-discharge relationships revealed general chemostasis and mobilization effects for dissolved and particulate species, respectively, both suggesting transport-limitation conditions. In addition to affecting annual export rates, streamflow has also modulated the relative importance of dissolved and particulate fractions, as reflected by its negative correlations with dissolved P/total P, dissolved N/total N, particulate P/SS, and total N/total P ratios. For land-use effects, period-of-record median annual yields of N, P, and SS all correlate positively with the area fraction of non-forested land but negatively with that of forested land under all hydrological conditions. Overall, this work has informed understanding with respect to four major factors affecting constituent export (i.e., source input, reservoir modulation, streamflow, and land use) and demonstrated the value of long-term river monitoring.
Purkinje Cells as Sources of Arrhythmias in Long QT Syndrome Type 3

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Purkinje cells (PC) within the specialized cardiac conduction system have unique electrophysiological properties that we hypothesize may produce the primary sources of arrhythmia in heritable LQTS. LQTS type 3 (LQT3) transgenic mice harboring the ΔKPQ+/− mutation were crossed with Contactin2-EGFP BAC transgenic mice, which express a fluorescent reporter gene within the Purkinje fiber network. Isolated ventricular myocytes (VMs) (EGFP−) and PCs (EGFP+) from wild type and ΔKPQ mutant hearts were compared using the whole-cell patch clamp technique and microfluorimetry of calcium transients. Increased late sodium current was seen in ΔKPQ-PCs and ΔKPQ-VMs, with larger density in ΔKPQ-PCs. Marked prolongation of action potential duration of ΔKPQ-PCs was seen compared to ΔKPQ-VMs. ΔKPQ-PCs, but not ΔKPQ-VMs, exhibited frequent early afterdepolarizations, which corresponded to repetitive oscillations of intracellular calcium. Abnormalities in cell repolarization were reversed with exposure to mexiletine. We present the first direct experimental evidence that PCs are uniquely sensitive to LQT3 mutations, displaying electrophysiological behavior that is highly pro-arrhythmic.
Biomarkers in Randomized Clinical Trials: Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Background: It is essential that randomized clinical trials (RCTs) incorporate biomarkers of disease progression that would be sensitive to the effects of disease
Radiation Combined with Conduction and Convection

In our analyses of radiative transfer in participating media we have, up to this point, always assumed that there was no interaction with other modes of heat transfer, i.e., we have limited ourselves to cases of radiative equilibrium and cases of specified temperature fields. In practical systems, of course, it is nearly always the case that radiation occurs in conjunction with conduction and/or convection, and two or three heat transfer modes must be accounted for simultaneously. In such cases overall conservation of energy, equation (10.72), needs to be solved, which always leads to a nonlinear integro-differential equation.
The Emergence of Item Response Theory Models and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems

Item response theory (IRT) models emerged to solve practical testing problems in large-scale cognitive achievement and aptitude assessment. Within the last decade, an explosion of IRT applications have occurred in the non-cognitive domain. In this report, I highlight the development, implementation, and results of a single project: Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS). The PROMIS project reflects the state-of-the-art application of IRT in the non-cognitive domain, and has produced important advancements in patient reported outcomes measurement. However, the project also illustrates challenges that confront researchers wishing to apply IRT to non-cognitive constructs. These challenges are: a) selecting a population to set the metric for interpretation of item parameters, b) working with non-normal quasi-continuous latent traits, and c) working with narrow-bandwidth constructs that potentially have a limited pool of potential indicators. Differences between cognitive and non-cognitive measurement contexts are discussed and directions for future research suggested.
The role of guided growth as it relates to limb lengthening.

Abstract For decades, the classic indication for limb lengthening has been reserved for anisomelia that was expected to reach or exceed 5 cm at maturity. Epiphysiodesis was reserved for discrepancies in the 2–5 cm range. With the increasing sophistication of fixators, including rail, hexapod, and hybrid, complex deformities may be corrected simultaneously while moderate to extreme lengthening is achieved. More recently, iterations of telescoping intramedullary rods have further strengthened our armamentarium. Meanwhile, permanent epiphysiodesis techniques, both open and percutaneous, have yielded to more versatile and reversible tethering of one (angle) or both (length) sides of a physis. While the techniques of guided growth and callotasis seem to be diametrically opposed, they may be used in a tandem or complementary fashion, for the benefit of the patient. If treatment is undertaken during skeletal growth, one must be aware that issues remain regarding the accurate assessment of skeletal maturity and p...
Nationwide Assessment of Robotic Lobectomy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Robotic lobectomy has been described for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the use of robotic lobectomy over time, (2) identify factors associated with its use, and (3) assess outcomes after robotic lobectomy compared with other surgical approaches. Methods Stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (2010 to 2012). Trends in robotic lobectomy were assessed over time, and multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify factors associated with its use. Propensity-matched cohorts were constructed to compare postoperative outcomes after robotic lobectomy with thoracoscopic and open lobectomy. Results Lobectomy was performed in 62,206 patients by open (n = 45,527), thoracoscopic (n = 12,990), or robotic (n = 3,689) procedures at 1,215 hospitals. Between 2010 and 2012, robotic lobectomy significantly increased, from 3.0% to 9.1% ( p p p p = 0.005) in robotic resections than in thoracoscopic resections. There was no difference between robotic and open or robotic and thoracoscopic lobectomy patients in margin positivity, 30-day readmission, and deaths at 30 and 90 days. Conclusions Robotic lobectomies have significantly increased in stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, with outcomes similar to other approaches. Additional studies are needed to determine if this technology offers potential advantages compared with video-assisted thoracoscopic operations.
The Structural Characterization of the Human Cardiac Sodium Channel Voltage-Sensor Domain IV Paddle Motif

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are membrane proteins that serve important functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems (C/PNS) and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Diseases that can be caused by malfunctioning VGSCs (often due to modified gating properties) include epilepsy, chronic pain, and several ailments afflicting the heart. Interestingly, peptide toxins from venomous and poisonous animals have been known to target VGSCs. Site 3 and 4 peptide neurotoxins are known to interact with the voltage-sensing domains of VGSCs, modifying their gating properties. It has been proposed that peptide neurotoxins may be used directly or as lead compounds for rational drug design to alleviate symptoms caused by channelopathies. An example of this approach is the drug Prialt, an ω-conotoxin, used to alleviate intractable pain in patients. By probing the structural details of the interaction between peptide neurotoxins and VGSCs, we will gain more insight into the function of these toxins and what governs their strong and specific effect. VGSCs are large, highly hydrophobic and heavily post-translationally modified proteins, thus making it unlikely that X-ray crystallography, solution-state NMR or cryo-EM will be successful in producing structural information on intact protein at the atomic level. As an alternative strategy, we are studying the main binding sequence for site 3 and 4 toxins, the S3b-S4 paddle motif, in complex with an interacting gating modifier toxin of the VGSC NaV1.5. VSD IV of NaV1.5 is the known target of many site-3 α-scorpion and sea anemone toxins that inhibit fast inactivation of the channel. We have chemically and biosynthetically synthesized the 37 residue paddle motif peptide and characterized it through circular dichroism spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and solution state NMR, producing the first backbone assignments of a mammalian VGSC paddle motif.
Emociones en la clase de Educación Física: revisión narrativa (2010-2016)

This article aims to analyze research works on emotions in the context of the PE class published from the 2010 onwards in open access databases. Databases consulted were Google Scholar, REDALYC, REDIB, Dialnet, SciELO and DOAJ. Among the criteria for inclusion, we privileged original studies available in full text format. Results indicate that, during the years considered, all the articles refer to and have emerged in the Spanish context and that much of the works has focused on the study of emotional perception –followed, with considerably less attention, by emotional competence and perceived emotional intelligence–. The journal that has published more studies on the subject is EmasF, digital Magazine of Physical Education and the approach most used has being the quantitative, followed by the qualitative and, finally, the mixed approach. The knowledge exposed in this paper might be useful for professionals of Physical Education, so they can reflect on their teaching work and develop strategies to promote their students wellbeing.
Six-DOF Mechatronic Nanopositioning Device

Abstract The ability to manufacture nanoscale devices in precisely controlled manner will be essential for the next-generation nanotechnology. This paper presents the mechanical design and instrumentation structure of a novel six-degree-of-freedom magnetically levitated stage for nanopositioning. This novel configuration results in a lightweight and compact-size instrument with a high control bandwidth. An error analysis was performed to guarantee the performance of this maglev stage, and is presented in this paper. The performance of a unit single-axis actuator in this maglev stage is presented and shows 10-nm position resolution.
Allocating Scientific Credit

Considering the obvious interest and importance of the topic it is surprising that theoreticians of science have paid relatively little attention to the problems of credit for scientific discoveries. One exception is Robert K. Merton’s widely quoted quip that scientific findings are almost invariably attributed to the wrong originator. And this should not be all that surprising since the process of making them is generally one of many steps, each prefigured but prior anticipations.
Impact of a Combination Antibiotic Bag on Compliance With Surviving Sepsis Campaign Goals in Emergency Department Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.

Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock represent common presentations in the emergency department (ED) and have high rates of mortality. Guideline-recommended goals of care have been shown to b...
The Bible in American Life

If by any chance you wondered about the enduring importance of the Bible in the religious lives of Americans, this edited volume puts to rest any such questions. The collection of essays is the res...
Attention in Complex Organizations: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attention and Transition to New Technologies

This paper examines how top-down and bottom-up drivers of managerial attention affect organizational shifts to a new technology. Using a unique data set of corporate earnings calls and mobile device product launches, I explore the relationship between the goal focus of the corporate office and business unit performance feedback as well as their joint impact on business unit transition to a new technological standard. In addition to demonstrating the hypothesized effects for business unit feedback, the results show that corporate goal focus attenuates feedback effects — but only when there is a corporate focus on poor performance. The findings presented here suggest that business units rely more heavily on goals established by corporate headquarters, especially when those units engage in problemistic or slack search. This study builds on performance feedback theory, the attention-based view and cognitive perspectives of strategy, and it reconciles the many drivers of attention within a complex organization.
Near-infrared spectroscopic monitoring of the film coating process

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy for non-destructive at-line determination of the amount of polymer coat applied to tablet cores in a Wurster column.
Project NEED: New Efficiency in an Emergency Department

It was a cold and windy January day in Montreal. The pediatric emergency department’s (PED) waiting room was full of sick children. Most of them had high fever and were either coughing, crying, or vomiting. The average waiting time to see a doctor was more than 8 hours. Exhausted parents were asking the triage nurse why the waiting time was so long in the brand new emergency department (ED). Couldn’t the nurse understand that their small baby was sick and should have triage priority? As one parent became aggressive, the triage nurse called security. The waiting room looked more like a battlefield.
Three-Component Coupling of Aldehydes, Aminopyrazoles, and Sulfoxonium Ylides via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Imidoyl C-H Activation: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines.

An efficient, three-component strategy for Rh(III)-catalyzed annulation of readily available 3-aminopyrazoles, aldehydes, and sulfoxonium ylides to give diverse pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines is disclosed. The reactions were performed under straightforward benchtop conditions using microwave heating with short reaction times. Good yields were obtained for many substituted aminopyrazoles and a very large variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes, including those incorporating electron-withdrawing, electron-donating, basic nitrogen, halide and acidic functionality. Ester and methoxy functionalities could also be directly installed on the pyrimidine ring by employing ethyl glyoxylate and trimethyl orthoformate in place of the aldehyde, respectively. In addition, a range of sulfoxonium ylides provided products in good yields to establish that aryl, heteroaryl, and branched and unbranched alkyl substituents can be introduced with this reagent. Finally, the first use of a formyl sulfoxonium ylide in a chemic...
Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow. Effects of lactation and fasting

The rate of blood flow in the portal and hepatic veins, and the net exchange across the gut and liver of volatile fatty acids (VFA), glucose, lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, ketone bodies, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and oxygen, were measured in lactating and non-lactating cows (a) in the normal, fed state and (b) before, during and after 6 d of fasting. Blood flow rate through the liver was 52% higher in normal, fed, lactating cows as compared with non-lactating cows, and was decreased by fasting in both groups of cows. Portal blood flow rate increased with an increase in metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Lactating, as compared with non-lactating, cows exhibited lower arterial concentrations of glucose and lactate, higher net portal outputs of VFA and ketone bodies, a higher net hepatic output of glucose, and higher net hepatic uptake of propionate and lactate. The splanchnic outputs of acetate, glucose and hydroxybutyrate were all apparently greater in the lactating cows. Fasting caused a rapid decrease in the blood concentrations of the VFA and an increase in those of glycerol and NEFA. The portal, i.e. gut, outputs of VFA, lactate, ketone bodies, alanine and (serine + threonine), and the portal uptake of O2, were all decreased by fasting. Fasting for 6 h also decreased the hepatic output of glucose and acetate by 77 and 95% respectively, increased the hepatic uptake of pyruvate, glycerol and NEFA, and doubled hepatic ketone-body output. The splanchnic output of acetate and glucose and the splanchnic uptake of O2 were also decreased by fasting. The net portal outputs of VFA, lactate and hydroxybutyrate, and the net hepatic output of glucose, were all correlated with ME intake in fed and fasted cows. Hepatic glucose output was also correlated with milk yield. The net hepatic uptake of gluconeogenic precursors measured in this study could account for net hepatic glucose output in the fasted cows, but not in the fed cows. The net hepatic uptake of the ketogenic precursors butyrate and NEFA was sufficient to account for the hepatic output of ketone bodies in both fed and fasted cows, but it is unlikely that the hepatic uptake of ketogenic precursors could also account for the observed hepatic output of acetate.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tambjamine K and a Library of Unnatural Analogues.

Tambjamine K (VII a) exhibits antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against different tumor and non-tumor cell lines.
Multi-Hit Swendsen-Wang Monte Carlo Algorithm

A new “multi-hit” cluster updating algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations based on the Swendsen-Wang algorithm is presented. The method is applicable to Potts models as well as continuous systems where spin embedding techniques can be applied. We compare the efficiency of the multi-hit and single-hit (Swendsen-Wang) algorithms in terms of the correlation times and the speed per update.
Functional Morphology of the Eggs of Sinea spp. (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Eggs of the assassin bug genus Sinea have an expansion of the chorion called the corolla that gives the eggs a flower-like appearance. In 2016, corollae of S. rileyi Montandon were observed to open and close in the laboratory, prompting a study on the morphology and mechanism of this movement. Eggs of field-collected S. complexa Caudell, S. diadema (F.), S. integra Stal, and S. rileyi were used to complete various portions of this study. Significant differences in the size of the corollae were found among species, with the greatest area for S. diadema, the least for S. complexa, and intermediate for S. riley and S. integra. The volume of the eggs of S. diadema was significantly greater than those of the other three species. The major components of the corollae and adjacent structures are defined and were found to differ among species. Confocal microscopy revealed structural differences in regions of the corollar rim and portions of the operculum. Corollae reacted to water similarly for all species but varied in reaction time. The mechanism of corollae movement is discussed. Results suggest that the reaction of the corolla is a purely physical property of the chorion and that this movement could be a means of water regulation for the developing embryo.
The impact of a yoga-based physical therapy group for individuals with traumatic brain injury: results from a pilot study.

To compare the impacts of yoga-based physical therapy versus a seated rest within the context of standard rehabilitation practice on sleep, heart rate variability (HRV), anxiety, and fatigue during...
Matroids that classify forests

Elementary arguments show that a tree or forest is determined (up to isomorphism) by binary matroids defined using the adjacency matrix.
State earned income tax credits and suicidal behavior: A repeated cross-sectional study.

Abstract Suicide is an increasingly common cause of death in the United States and recent increases in suicide rates disproportionately impact low income individuals. We sought to assess the impact of income support in the form of state earned income tax credit policies on suicide-related behaviors. This state-level study used repeated cross-sectional data from vital records and the National Survey of Drug Use and Health data representative at the state-level. The population included adults who either died by suicide or were selected for in-person NSDUH interviews between 2008 and 2018. Exposure was measured as the generosity of a refundable state earned income tax credit policy measured as a percentage of the federal policy. Outcomes assessed were suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, non-fatal suicide attempt, suicide deaths, and combined fatal and non-fatal suicide attempts. Analyses were performed between April and June 2020. A 10 percentage-point increase in the generosity of state earned income tax credit was associated with lower frequency of non-fatal suicide attempts (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99), combined fatal and non-fatal suicide attempts (PR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99), and suicide deaths (PR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). This translates to 4 fewer suicide attempts per 10,000 population each year. Generous state earned income tax credit policies are associated with reductions in the frequency of most severe suicidal behavior. Income support policies may be one way to reduce suicide attempts and death, especially among low-income adults.
Association of race and ethnicity with postpartum contraceptive method choice, receipt, and subsequent pregnancy.

We sought to assess racial/ethnic differences in choice of postpartum contraceptive method after accounting for clinical and demographic correlates of contraceptive use. This is a secondary analysis of a single-center retrospective cohort study examining postpartum women from 2012 to 2014. We determined the association between self-identified race/ethnicity and desired postpartum contraception, receipt, time to receipt, postpartum visit attendance, and subsequent pregnancy within 365 days of delivery. Of the 8649 deliveries in this study, 46% were by Black women, 36% White women, 12% Hispanic, and 6% by women of other races. Compared with White women, Black and Hispanic women were more likely to have a postpartum contraception plan for all methods. After multivariable analysis, Hispanic women (relative to White women) were less likely to receive their chosen method (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.87). Women of races other than Black or Hispanic were less likely to experience a delay in receipt of their desired highly-effective method compared to White women (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.94). There were no differences between racial/ethnic groups in terms of postpartum visit adherence. Black women were more likely to be diagnosed with a subsequent pregnancy compared to White women (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.32). Racial/ethnic variation in postpartum contraceptive outcomes persists after accounting for clinical and demographic differences. While intrinsic patient-level differences in contraceptive preferences should be better understood and respected, clinicians should take steps to ensure that the observed differences in postpartum contraceptive plan methods between racial/ethnic groups are not due to biased counseling.
Tunable nonlocal purely active nonreciprocal acoustic media

Previously engineered wave-bearing materials including metamaterials generate their acoustic responses from a combination of passive geometrical structures possibly augmented by active elements. The passive geometrical features typically translate to uncontrolled properties outside the band of interest and are the source of adverse effects such as narrowing the operating band significantly or generating difficult-to-control instabilities due to interactions with the active elements. This paper proposes a nonlocal active metamaterial (NAM) architecture that employs a purely active approach to tailoring the acoustic field utilizing spatially separated sensors and actuators. A significant benefit of this approach is that the acoustic properties are described by analytical closed-form equations exposing the complex interplay between the various components of the material. The method is demonstrated by engineering extremely nonreciprocal wave transmission in an otherwise completely transparent subwavelength NAM. We experimentally demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of the system by electronically tuning the acoustic isolation characteristics and discuss the massive design space uncovered by the NAM approach.
Ecology: E-rat-ication to restore reefs.

Summary Invasive species often drive native species to local extinction. A new study shows that removing invasive rats from tropical islands fosters recovery of native seabirds. Rising seabird populations reestablish key cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies, reconnecting oceanic, island, and coral reef ecosystems.
Borrelia: a Diverse and Ubiquitous Genus of Tick-Borne Pathogens

Although the new species associated with Lyme disease were more closely related to previously known Borrelia species than they were to treponemes, leptospires, or other spirochetes, the new species were clearly distinct from the relapsing fever species on the basis of DNA relatedness. As investigators in North America, Europe, and Asia gathered more samples from ticks and animals in the field, isolates that could not be classified as Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, or Borrelia garinii were noted. The report of isolates of B. burgdorferi from Ixodes scapularis in Texas is in doubt, because similar organisms were allegedly also recovered from fleas and ticks that are incompetent as vectors. One of the isolates of B. burgdorferi from a study of I. scapularis ticks, was also highly similar to a commonly used laboratory strain of B. burgdorferi, and a study of five Texas isolates of B. burgdorferi demonstrated that the isolates were noninfectious for mice, a characteristic of serially cultivated isolates. The study of the outbreak at the summer camp in North Carolina found that 97% of 588 ticks collected from vegetation were A. americanum, 2% were Dermacentor variabilis, and only 2 (0.3%) were I. scapularis. Although it is more distant from members of the Lyme disease group than from those of the relapsing fever group, the species of the third major group are transmitted by hard ticks-prostriate ticks in the cases of B. miyamotoi and the new Borrelia sp. and metastriate ticks in the cases of B. theileri and B. lonestari.
Interleukin-11 stimulates multilineage progenitors, but not stem cells, in murine and human long-term marrow cultures

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a bone marrow microenvironment-derived growth factor with pleiotropic effects on a variety of hematopoietic cells. To more accurately assess the effects of IL-11 on stem and progenitor compartments within the hematopoietic microenvironment (HM), we added recombinant human (rh) IL-11 to human and murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTMC) and analyzed primitive (high proliferative potential- colony forming cells [HPP-CFC], long-term culture-initiating cells [LTC- IC], and long-term reconstituting stem cells) and progenitor (day 12 colony forming unit-spleen [CFU-S12], colony forming unit-megakaryocyte [CFU-Mk] and colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage [CFU-GM]) compartments throughout the duration of the cultures. rhIL-11 (100 ng/mL) added twice weekly resulted in significantly increased nonadherent (NA) cellularity, CFU-GM, and CFU-Mk production in human LTMC. Addition of rhIL-11 to murine LTMC was associated with a 5- to 40- fold increase in CFU-GM and a four- to 20-fold increase in day 12 CFU-S in NA cells. However, IL-11 had no significant effect on total HPP-CFC concentration and decreased the size of the more primitive stem/progenitor compartment as evidenced by both decreased LTC-IC frequency in human LTMC and decreased frequency of long-term reconstituting stem cells in murine LTMC. These data suggest that IL-11 may increase commitment of stem cells into a multipotential progenitor compartment.
Workplace Connectors as Facilitators for Work

Through a wide range of information technologies information workers are continuing to expand their circle of contacts. In tandem, research is also focusing more and more on the role that both face-to-face and distributed interactions play in accomplishing work. Though some empirical studies have illustrated the importance of informal interaction and networks in establishing collaborations (e.g. Nardi et al, 2002; Whittaker, Isaacs, et al, 1997), there is still a need for more in situ research to understand how different types of interactions support group work.
Hereditary isolated somatotropin deficiency: effects of human growth hormone administration.

The clinical and laboratory appraisal of a familial isolated growth hormone deficiency is reported. The lack of consanguinity and the absence of other short members in the family speak for the occurrence of a mutation in the father which he then transmitted as a dominant trait to four of his seven children. Growth hormone administration not only resulted in an increase in linear growth in those members of the family whose epiphyses were not closed, but also the rapid appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in the 18-year-old sexually infantile female and an increase of body hair and libido in both the father and the 21-year-old sexually mature, staturally retarded sister. These observations strengthen the contention that the diagnosis of hypopituitarism cannot be excluded on the basis of eventual sexual development in individuals whose statural growth is retarded. It is concluded that induction of sexual maturation during growth hormone therapy is not related to increased pituitary gonadotropin release. Growth hormone administration appeared to have no effect on thyroid function or on adrenal responsiveness to administered ACTH and metyrapone. An antiinsulinogenic effect of growth hormone was demonstrated during both oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests.
3D scene modeling using sensor fusion with laser range finder and image sensor

Activity detection (e.g. recognizing people's behavior and intent), when used over an extended range of applications, suffers from high false detection rates. Also, activity detection limited to 2D image domain (symbolic space) is confined to qualitative activities. Symbolic features, represented by apparent dimensions, i.e. pixels, can vary with distance or viewing angle. One way to enhance performance is to work within the physical space, where object features are represented by their physical dimensions (e.g. inches or centimeters) and are invariant to distance or viewing angle. In this paper, we propose an approach to construct a 3D site model and co-register the video with the site model to obtain real-time physical reference at every pixel in the video. We present a unique approach that creates a 3D site model via fusion of laser range sensor and a single camera. We present experimental results to demonstrate our approach.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of Temperature-Sensitive Escherichia coli Mutants with Altered Leucyl- and Seryl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases

Two temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli have been found in which the conditional growth is a result of a thermosensitive leucyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase and seryl-tRNA synthetase, respectively. The corresponding genetic loci, leuS and serS, cotransduce with lip and serC, respectively. As a result of the mutationally altered leucyl-tRNA synthetase, some leucine-, valine-, and isoleucine-forming enzymes were derepressed. Thus, leucyl-tRNA synthetase is involved in the repression of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids.
Learning Science for Social Good: Dynamic Tensions in Developing Undergraduate Community Researchers

SUMMARY This conceptual case study explores two dynamic tensions, substantive and pedagogical, fundamental to teaching research in community psychology from a service learning perspective. The substantive dynamic tension is seen in traditional versus adventuresome approaches to community research; the pedagogical dynamic tension occurs in classroom instruction versus field work. To address the substantive tension, students were introduced to the epistemology and methods of adventuresome community research and then used both adventuresome and traditional elements in conducting a community research project. To address the pedagogical tension, class and field sessions were used to complement one another for student preparation, action, and reflection. Four guidelines for designing community research courses from a service learning perspective are articulated.
6-hour Advances Alter Circadian Activity Patterns, Fasting Glucose and Insulin Levels in C57BL6/J Mice

Chronobiological disruptions, including shift work, have been linked to a number of disorders such as fatigue and diabetes. Additionally, there is evidence to support that exercise cannot only counteract fatigue and the onset of diabetes, but also alleviate the other negative symptoms associated with shift work. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of wheel running and monthly 6-h phase advances on the circadian locomotor activity patterns and glucose and insulin levels in C57BL6/J mice. 6-h phase advances produced decreases in fasting glucose and increases in insulin, and wheel-running was able to alleviate the spike in insulin secretion. Additionally, mice experiencing the shift increased their food intake, despite having no change in body mass. Circadian wheel-running activity was also altered in phase-advanced mice. These results provide further evidence that chronobiological disruptions can lead to alterations in physiology and behavior, and that exercise can alleviate some of those ...
The effects of shopping orientations on consumers' satisfaction with product search and purchases in a multi‐channel environment

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of consumers' shopping orientation on their satisfaction level with the product search and purchase behavior using multi‐channels.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 181 students in a large US mid‐western university provided usable responses to the survey. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analyses were employed to examine the research questions.Findings – The results showed that more than three quarters of the respondents shopped via the internet and catalogs, and about 95 percent shopped at non‐local retailers. About 60 percent reported that they never shopped from TV shopping channels. Confident/fashion‐conscious shopping orientation and catalog/internet shopping orientation were found to be key predictors of customer satisfaction level with information search via multi‐channels. Both confident/fashion‐conscious consumers and mall shopping‐oriented shoppers were more satisfied with store‐based retail channels for a...
Application of Diode Lasers to Actinide Atom Monitoring

We are interested in developing real-time analytical methods based on optical spectroscopy to monitor actinides as they exist in the nuclear fuel cycle. These methods can form a part of a nuclear safeguards system designed to prevent the diversion of fissile nuclear materials, such as 239Pu and 235U, from peaceful to hostile uses. To achieve wide use, these methods must be sensitive, have isotopic selectivity, be rapid, and be easily implemented in industrial settings.
Which Low-Income Urban Crime Victims Use Trauma-Focused Case Management and Psychotherapy Services?

Using data from a randomized trial (N = 329), this study examines which low-income urban crime victims initiate case management and/or trauma-focused psychotherapy offered following emergency medical treatment. More hyperarousal symptoms, fewer avoidance symptoms, and interest in discussing one's injuries predicted case management initiation. Being stably housed, employed, and having fewer avoidance symptoms predicted psychotherapy initiation, while being a weekly drug user was associated with decreased odds of initiating psychotherapy. Results suggest that active outreach to urban crime victims may diminish gender and ethnic disparities typically seen in treatment settings, but that certain subgroups of victims with high service needs may require additional engagement efforts.
Dilemmas of “going legit”: why should violent groups engage in or avoid electoral politics?

Much of the recent literature on the violent groups that turn to electoral politics centers on the conditions under which these groups undertake these transitions, the types of groups that are likely to do so, and the moderating implications these transitions have on the groups involved. While the literature offers insights into the costs and benefits associated with a transition to nonviolent forms of politics, there is an apparent gap when it comes to delineating the variety of costs and benefits associated with these transitions, especially from the perspectives of the violent groups that may or may not undertake them. This paper begins to fill this gap in the literature through an investigation of the benefits violent groups may gain from a transition to electoral politics, as well as the costs these transitions may impose. Implications of turning to electoral politics for group legitimacy, popular support, bargaining position, group objectives, and group survival figure prominently among the costs an...
Ecological Security Patterns in Landscapes and GIS Application

Abstract Spatial patterns of landscape elements and environment assets may contribute significantly to the sustaining capacity of the environment. In an operational procedure, an accessibility surface is first developed to simulate a certain ecological process. This surface is used to identify strategic landscape infrastructure, which is made of core areas, buffer zones, inter-source linkages, radiating routes and strategic points collectively called a security pattern (SP), which is associated with a certain security level for the ecological process. An ecological SP potentially has strategic value in safeguarding the ecological processes. An SP can be used as impact and change models, constraining the maximization process of development, guiding landscape improvement and spatial negotiation of changes. The above concepts and method are illustrated with a case study, Red Stone National Park (Danxia Shan), Guangdong, China. A GIS model was designed to identify ecological SPs and their uses in landscape ec...
Elliptic cylindrical pseudo-optical black hole for omnidirectional light absorber: comment

We prove that Lee et al.’s theoretical analysis and final formula for ray trajectories in an elliptic cylindrical optical “black hole” are incorrect. By utilizing a full-wave finite-element simulation, we show that a nonparaxial Gaussian beam does not follow a trajectory obtained using their formula.
Elevated potassium efflux from dystrophic diaphragm: influence of diphenylhydantoin and lithium.

Abstract Potassium efflux from diaphragm of dystrophic mice is elevated when compared to efflux observed with normal tissue. When dystrophic mice are treated with both lithium chloride and diphenylhydantoin, the efflux returns to within normal limits, neither agent having such an effect when administered alone.
Hypnosis and the Unhypnotizable

Abstract Traditional wisdom suggests that responsiveness to treatment with hypnotic techniques varies as a function of hypnotizability as assessed by standardized measures. However, recent evidence suggests that use of naturalistic, nonauthoritarian technique promotes responsiveness to treatment in “unhypnotizable” subjects. Illustration is provided of successful technique with a patient who had chronic cancer pain and who was unresponsive to standard tests of hypnotizability.
Group Therapy for Abusive Parents and Their Children

Abstract Group therapy is recognized as a treatment modality for the child abuser and the abused. This article presents a review of the literature on this subject, focusing particularly on those articles that describe this modality in detail. Guiding principles recognized in the literature are highlighted, and needed research is suggested
Multiphoton photobiologic effects

Irradiation using short pulse, high peak irradiance sources can lead to novel photochemical reactions due to multiphoton absorption and consequent population of upper excited states. A brief review of biological reactions emanating from multiphoton photochemistry is presented.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Seismic sparse-layer reflectivity inversion using basis pursuit decomposition

A basis pursuit inversion of seismic reflection data for reflection coefficients is introduced as an alternative method of incorporating a priori information in the seismic inversion process. The inversion is accomplished by building a dictionary of functions representing reflectivity patterns and constituting the seismic trace as a superposition of these patterns. Basis pursuit decomposition finds a sparse number of reflection responses that sum to form the seismic trace. When the dictionary of functions is chosen to be a wedge-model of reflection coefficient pairs convolved with the seismic wavelet, the resulting reflectivity inversion is a sparse-layer inversion, rather than a sparse-spike inversion. Synthetic tests suggest that a sparse-layer inversion using basis pursuit can better resolve thin beds than a comparable sparse-spike inversion. Application to field data indicates that sparse-layer inversion results in the potentially improved detectability and resolution of some thin layers and reveals a...
SAP: Similarity-aware partitioning for efficient cloud storage

Given a set of files that show a certain degree of similarity, we consider a novel problem of deduplicating them (eliminating redundant chunks) across a set of distributed servers in a manner that is: (i) space-efficient: the total space needed to deduplicate and store the files is minimized and, (ii) access-efficient: each file can be accessed by communicating with a bounded number of servers, thereby minimizing network- access times in congested data center networks. A space- optimal solution in which we first deduplicate all the files and then distribute them across the servers (referred to as chunk- distribution), may require communication with many servers to access each file. On the other hand, an access-efficient solution in which we randomly partition the files cross the servers, and then store their unique chunks on each server may not exploit the similarities across files to reduce the space overhead. In this paper, we first show that finding an access-efficient, space optimal solution is an NP-Hard problem. Following this, we present the similarity-aware-partitioning (SAP) algorithms that find access-efficient solutions within polynomial time complexity and guarantees bounded space overhead for arbitrary files. Our experimental verification on files from Dropbox and CNN confirm that the SAP technique is much more space-efficient than random partitioning, while maintaining compression ratio close to the chunk-distribution solution.
Current Measurements By Faraday Rotation In Single-Mode Fibers

We have measured currents in the several-hundred-kiloamp range, with tens-of-nanoseconds risetime, in magnetic fusion devices using simple polarimetric techniques.
On correspondence in some Crystalline Substances at Their Melting and Boiling Points. III

Approximate constancy of U0/Tm and U0/Tb among the members of different groups of similar solid substances has been shown to be due to existence of near-correspondence among the members of individual groups at the melting (Tm) and boiling (Tb) points. The lattice theory of crystalline structure also leads to similar conclusions provided one makes a very reasonnable assumption that the equilibrium radius r0 in different solids varies inversely as Tm. Experimental data is adduced in support of this assumption. A few more cases of similar solids have been discussed besides those considered in earlier papers(2).
Clap happy: Applause and the voting paradox

The voting paradox has been a problem for both the public choice and rational choice schools. A recent attempt to deal with this paradox argues that voting is like applauding at a concert and is therefore expressive rather than rational behavior. This paper argues that such a move fails because: (1) there are many essential differences between voting and clapping; (2) philosophical problems arise from trying to divorce voting from rational behavior; and (3) there are a number of empirical problems with this position. The paper concludes that expressionism approaches the voting paradox from the wrong side. Problems arise not because of what people do when they vote but because the rational choice and public choice schools have a wrong‐headed view of rationality.
Water Stress and Damage Caused byPuccinia jaceaeon TwoCentaureaSpecies

Abstract The effect of water stress and disease damage toCentaurea solstitialis(yellow starthistle) andC. calcitrapa(purple starthistle) caused by isolates of the rustPuccinia jaceaewas investigated under greenhouse conditions. Inoculated and noninoculated plants were placed under water stress, defined as reversible wilting; control plants received normal daily watering. Effects of drought stress and infection byP. jaceaewere measured in terms of root biomass, lifespan of leaves with different disease severity levels, and the number of living and dead rosette leaves. Drought stress reduced root dry weights, leaf lifespan, and total number of rosette leaves of both yellow and purple starthistles. Infection by rust also reduced leaf lifespan and total rosette leaves of both species, but it only affected root biomass of yellow starthistle. The only significant interaction between drought stress and rust infection occurred with the leaf lifespan of purple starthistle, but this consisted of drought-stressed leaves having short lifespans at all infection levels. Results withP. chondrillina,a rust fungus that has been used successfully for biological control ofChondrilla juncea(rush skeletonweed) were similar to those ofP. jaceaeon yellow starthistle for root biomass and leaf lifespan. Data from these experiments with drought-stressed plants reinforced the previous conclusions thatP. jaceaehas promise as a biocontrol agent of yellow starthistle. The damage caused byP. jaceaewas similar to that caused byP. chondrillinaon skeletonweed in comparative studies.