cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Type and catalytic activity of surface acid sites of medium and large pore zeolites Their deactivation with bulky organophosphorus compounds

External surface acid sites of medium and large pore zeolites have been probed by deactivation with bulky organophosphorus compounds followed by examination of the deactivated catalysts with 31P NMR. Results show that HZSM-5 (SiO2Al2O3 = 70); and zeolite beta (SiO2Al2O3 = 37) have different levels of external surface acidity. The total acid sites and the strong acid sites (>HBr) on the external surface of a HZSM-5 sample have been determined to be 15.5% and 2.7%, respectively, of the bulk acid sites. The total and the strong acid sites on the external surface of a zeolite beta sample have been determined to be 17.5% and 10.6%, respectively. Lewis acid site has not been observed on the external surface for any of the zeolites investigated. The acid strength has been related to catalytic activity both in the cracking of 1,3,5-tri-tert.-butylbenzene catalyzed on the external surface of the catalyst, and in the polymerization of propylene catalyzed both on the external surface and inside the pores of the catalyst. In the cracking of 1,3,5-tri-tert.-butylbenzene, using either ZSM-5 or zeolite beta, only the strong acid sites are effective. In the propylene polymerization, also using ZSM-5 or zeolite beta, a major reduction in rate of lube formation (formation of higher molecular weight polymers) and an increase in lube viscosity index (more linear polymer structure) result from the deactivation of the strong external surface acid sites. The effect of participation of the weaker external surface acid sites is minor.
Simulation and Symbolic Exchange: Jean Baudrillard's Augmentation of Marx's Theory of Value

Jean Baudrillard's concept of "symbolic exchange" represents an important concept in understanding why Marx's prediction regarding the collapse of capitalism has not been realized. Baudrillard adds to the Marxian concepts of use value and exchange value, suggesting that, in today's consumer-oriented society, commodities take on a symbolic value that constitutes their "status" and, therefore, power. In the Western industrial societies that are "networked" into information cultures, the generation of symbolic value results from a constantly changing symbolic environment in which new demands for access to symbolic status are generated. Baudrillard sees the United States as the farthest along on the path to a simulated environment of symbolic exchange. Manufacturing for symbolic exchange is directed toward the production of the fetish: an object that is positioned purely for its symbolic value. By directing production increasingly in the direction of the fetish, as an object to be used in symbolic exchange, capitalism is able to sustain itself even after the material needs of the population are satisfied.
Light trapping in thin film GaAs solar cells

The analysis of light trapping and related effects in thin-film GaAs solar cells is presented. A model is developed to optimize the structure of GaAs solar cells with light trapping. Several design approaches for incorporating light trapping in thin-film GaAs solar cells are discussed. A light-trapping GaAs solar cell produced by liquid-phase epitaxial lateral overgrowth is described. >
Anomalous resistance of magnesium-gadolinium alloys

Abstract Resistance and magnetoresistance measurements with two polycrystalline magnesium samples containing 0·43 at. % and 1·38 at. % gadolinium indicate a solid solution behavior. Anomalies observed at low temperatures in the resistance and in the magnetoresistance are partly similar to those found in alloys of the copper manganese type. A qualitative comparison between the temperatures where the magnetic transition occurs for different alloys leads to the suggestion that a polarization of the d -band of the base metal is probably of some importance for the magnetic properties of these alloys.
Response to Selection for Time Interval Between Ovipositions in the Hen

Abstract Data were collected from seven generations of selection for reduced time interval between oviposition in a line of Single Comb White Leghorns. This study involved 151 sires, 539 dams, and 2100 female progeny. Oviposition time was measured from 174 to 280 days of age. The only deliberate selection practiced was for reduced oviposition time interval. The mating system was random with the restriction of no full or half sib matings. The reduction in oviposition time interval has been 73 minutes or 4.8 percent. There were no significant changes for total egg number, body weight or age at first egg. Rate of lay after reaching 50 percent production to 280 days has increased (P Heritability estimates for intra-clutch time interval from correlations were .33 ± .08, .36 ± .09 and .35 ± .15 by sire, dam, and combined components, respectively, .36 ± .15 by regression of offspring on dam and .39 for realized. The magnitude of the selection differential decreased, over time. The genetic correlation of time interval with early production (280 days) was −.43 ± .13, and with total egg production (500 days) was .20 ± .27. The genetic correlations of time interval with egg weight and age at first egg were high and positive; and with body weight, it was negative. The increase in clutch size and the days between clutches during the time of this study were both highly significant.
Fracking's Future in a Coal Mining Past: Subjectivity Undermined

This paper presents initial research on a community of renters in Southwestern Pennsylvania whose homes are adjacent to a hydraulic fracturing site and containment pond. The community is nestled in a rural section of the county where abandoned and working coal mines are neighbors to fracking's new industrial process of energy extraction, which residents describe as moving in like “aliens.” Most have family members who work(ed) in the coal industry, and the identity that emerges from their community of practice, and the attendant institutions and structures that shape their commentary of complaint and benefit are fundamentally informed by factors associated with labor. Coal miners are a more localized, populous, networked labor force with deep roots in the area, while the fracking-related labor is diffuse, disaggregated, and transient. Residents seek ways to frame their concerns and articulate their unease from a position as outsiders, and while buy-in on jobs as a natural outcome of the natural gas industry is high despite evidence to the contrary, critiques about health and the environment are tentative.
Japan's efforts to control pharmaceutical expenditures and the convergence to a common path

The Japanese operate a cost-efficient health care system (less than 7% of its GNP) that, because of universal access and outstanding outcomes, has been the envy of much of the developed world. Access is universal, both to the system and to the latest in technology and pharmaceuticals. Health care is financed through a strictly regulated combination of insurance premiums, patient fees, and government subsidies. Providers are reimbursed according to a predetermined uniform fee schedule for each service rendered. The delivery of health care is relatively unregulated but plans are strictly nonprofit, cover essentially the same comprehensive services, and have catastrophic coverage.’ Despite a poor starting point in the postwar period, the infant mortality rate is now the lowest in the world and the rate of life expectancy is the longest. that whatever doctors receive from their patients be not a payment for their work, but a voluntary gratuity. In Japanese medicine (much of the custom derived from Chinese influences) it was also the usual practice for doctors to prepare their own herbal remedies. These gratuities euphemistically came to be called “payments for medicine” and to be a fee that covered the costs of these medications as well as the visit.’ When Western medicine was endorsed, some aspects of traditional practice remained and doctors retained the right to prescribe and dispense medication from their own pharmacy. The difference between the official reimbursement price and the wholesale price paid by the physician represented profit and accounts for much of physician income in Japan3 dence and autonomy of physicians allows them to negotiate directly with the drug companies for their pharmaceuticals. Because they know the price of reimbursement, doctors can determine their profit margin based on their cost of the drugs. Doctors have exploited this knowledge in negotiations. For example, many of the over-thecounter (OTC) medications in the U.S. are maintained on prescription in Japan. Vitamins, stamina pills, stress relief pills, and stomach remedies are particularly pop~lar.~
Sensory Biology: Novel Peripheral Organization for Better Smell

Sensory systems have adopted various ways to enhance detection and discrimination. A recent study shows a novel spatial organization of sensory cells in the peripheral olfactory system in mice for better odor detection.
Optimum doping distribution for minimum base transit time

The problem of determining the necessary impurity distribution function which will minimize the minority carrier emitter-to-collector transit time is considered. The use of this optimum profile affords a possibility of improvement in the overall high-frequency performance of diodes and transistors. A simple one-dimensional geometry is assumed, and the drift and diffusion components of minority current are considered. The mobility is assumed independent of electric field and is approximated by \mu =a_{0} - b_{0} \ln N(x) . When optimum doping is used, the resulting electric field is found to be a monotonically decreasing function over the base region. When the ratio of impurity densities at the boundaries of the base region is 103, the minority current is primarily drift over most of the base region and the base cutoff frequency is approximately 6.5 times higher than the value resulting when the base is uniformly doped.
A low-power bus design using joint repeater insertion and coding

In this paper, we propose joint repeater insertion and crosstalk avoidance coding as a low-power alternative to repeater insertion for global bus design in nanometer technologies. We develop a methodology to calculate the repeater size and separation that minimize the total power dissipation for joint repeater insertion and coding for a specific delay target. This methodology is employed to obtain power vs. delay trade-offs for 130-nm, 90-nm, 65-nm, and 45-nm technology nodes. Using ITRS technology scaling data, we show that proposed technique provides 54%, 67%, and 69% power savings over optimally repeater-inserted 10-mm 32-bit bus at 90-nm, 65-nm, and 45-nm technology nodes, respectively, while achieving the same delay.
Gain/phase imbalance-minimization techniques for LINC transmitters

Two simple calibration schemes for the correction of the path imbalance in a linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC) transmitter have been demonstrated. In the foreground algorithm, a baseband digital signal processor (DSP) evaluates the gain and phase imbalance with a set of calibration signals, while in the background algorithm, the imbalance is characterized by exchanging the two LINC vector components. In both cases, the compensation of the path imbalance is accomplished within the DSP by introducing a predistortion term. A prototype LINC system has been tested for CDMA IS-95 baseband input, and -38 and -35-dBc adjacent channel interference were achieved for the foreground and background schemes, respectively. The quadrature errors of the in-phase/quadrature modulators set a limit on the overall performance of both algorithms.
Television Viewing and Aggression: Some Alternative Perspectives.

The focus of this article is on the examination of variables that moderate the influence of exposure to TV violence. The research on the relationship between TV violence and aggressive behavior of ...
Hydrophobic, hydrophilic and other interactions in epitope-paratope binding.

Macroscopic, non-covalent, aspecific interactions between hydrophilic biopolymers, particles and cells in aqueous media tend to be repulsive; they are caused by Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW), Lewis acid-base (AB) and electrostatic (EL) forces. Microscopic scale specific interactions, e.g. between epitopes and paratopes, are also non-covalent and caused by attractive LW, AB and EL forces, which locally must be able to overcome the long- to medium-range macroscopic aspecific repulsive forces. Thus epitopes and paratopes need to be able to attract each other over a distance of at least 3 nm. The medium- and long-range specific attractive forces are mainly of hydrophobic (AB) and of EL origin; in aqueous media the medium- and long-range LW attractions are usually much weaker. It has been shown that hydrophobic (AB) interactions are as often enthalpic as entropic. Upon expulsion of interstitial water of hydration between epitope and paratope, a strong interfacial bond ultimately arises which is mainly caused by LW forces.
General Influence of Physicochemical Properties on Drug–Receptor Combination

Sir: Previous publications (1–10) showed how the physicochemical properties of chemically and structurally related compounds, particularly homologs, can be the principal determinant of the structure–biological activity “parabolic” profile for a congeneric family by reason of the influence of the physicochemical properties on relative rates of transport. There are, of course, circumstances that preclude involvement of transport in the determination of activity profiles. Even in the absence of a significant or identifiable transport component, so-called “parabolic” dependencies are generally still observed for compounds chemically similar in polar functionality but widely dissimilar in hydrophobic property (11).
Variation in Human Platelet Glycoprotein VI Content Modulates Glycoprotein VI–Specific Prothrombinase Activity

- Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is a platelet-specific receptor for collagen that figures prominently in signal transduction. An addition to binding to type I and III collagens, GPVI is also bound specifically by collagen-related peptide and convulxin (CVX), a snake venom protein. We developed a quantitative assay of platelet GPVI in which biotin-conjugated CVX binds selectively to GPVI in separated total platelet proteins by a ligand blot procedure. Using this approach, we have documented a 5-fold range in platelet GPVI content among 23 normal healthy subjects. In addition, we have determined that CVX-induced or collagen-related peptide-induced prothrombinase activity is directly proportional to the platelet content of GPVI. A statistically significant correlation was observed at 2 CVX concentrations: 14.7 ng/mL (R(2)=0.854 and P<0.001, n=11) and 22 ng/mL (R(2)=0.776 and P<0.001, n=12). In previous studies, we established a similar range of expression of the integrin collagen receptor alpha(2)beta(1) on platelets of normal subjects. Among 15 donors, there is a direct correlation between platelet alpha(2)beta(1) density and GPVI content (R(2)=0.475 and P=0.004). In view of the well-documented association of GPVI with platelet procoagulant activity, this study suggests that the variation in GPVI content is a potential risk factor that may predispose individuals to hemorrhagic or thromboembolic disorders.
Time is Not A Theoretical Variable

Carter and Signorino (2010) (hereinafter “CS”) add another arrow, a simple cubic polynomial in time, to the quiver of the binary time series—cross-section data analyst; it is always good to have more arrows in one's quiver. Since comments are meant to be brief, I will discuss here only two important issues where I disagree: are cubic duration polynomials the best way to model duration dependence and whether we can substantively interpret duration dependence.
Application of reconstruction-based scatter compensation to Tl-201 SPECT

Scatter compensation in Tl-201 SPECT presents an interesting challenge because of the multiple emission energies and relatively large proportion of scattered photons. Reconstruction-based scatter compensation (RBSC), in which the scatter response function is modeled during the reconstruction, can improve quantitative accuracy and contrast while maintaining or even reducing image noise levels. In this work we investigate methods of applying RBSC to Tl-201 SPECT and study the noise levels resulting from each method. We have applied RBSC to a simulated phantom experiment using a variety of single and multiple energy window schemes. The RBSC methods were also compared with other methods of handling scatter. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of the system transfer matrix was used to analyze the noise levels of each method in a regularization-independent manner. Results indicate that inclusion of higher energy gamma peak data leads to reduced noise over using only X-ray emission data. In addition, using a different window for each emission energy gives better performance than acquiring into a single wide energy window. Non-photopeak window data can also be included to reduce image noise. These results are supported by analysis of iteratively reconstructed MLEM images.
AACSB International Accreditation And The Earnings Of College Graduates

In this paper, data from the Baccalaureate & Beyond 93/97/03 survey is used to examine the link between college graduate earnings and the number of years a school has been accredited by AACSB International. We find that there is no monetary benefit to attending an institution of higher learning which has been accredited longer, which suggests that AACSB International applies its accrediting and re-accrediting standards in a consistent manner.
Maximizing connectivity and performance in mobile ad hoc networks using mobile agents

Mobile wireless ad hoc networks are instantaneous, autonomous telecommunication networks that provide service to users wherever and whenever the service is needed. The communication depends on wireless links that are formed between the users. A link is formed between two users if they are within each other’s wireless communication range. The mobility in these networks can cause links to disconnect, disrupting communications. A new strategy is proposed which controls the movements of some mobile agents to maintain network connectivity. The main objective of these mobile agents is to maximize network data flow, which is formulated as an all-pair maximum flow problem. This is accomplished by optimizing the movements of the agents to their next locations as the user nodes travel freely in the field. The representation of ad hoc network performance in terms of an all-pair maximum flow problem is novel as is dynamically optimizing the agent nodes using heuristic algorithms integrated with network flow algorithms. Two evolutionary inspired, population based heuristic algorithms; a genetic algorithm and a particle swarm are developed along with an approximate linear programming model as optimizer tools. The results show the advantage of employing heuristic algorithms due to the complexity of the problem. While the approximate linear model could only solve small static and medium dynamic problems with poor results, the heuristics performed successfully for problems two to four times larger. These heuristic approaches will enable robust and physically self organizing networks with superior connectivity properties. The approach proposed in this research can be applied to static scenarios and dynamic situations. This is important because there are practical static applications of ad hoc networks, mainly in sensor networks. The novel models and algorithms developed should enable new research and commercial opportunities in ad hoc wireless networking.
HIV-1 transgenic rats display mitochondrial abnormalities consistent with abnormal energy generation and distribution

With the advent of the combination antiretroviral therapy era (cART), the development of AIDS has been largely limited in the USA. Unfortunately, despite the development of efficacious treatments, HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can still develop, and as many HIV-1 positive individuals age, the prevalence of HAND is likely to rise because HAND manifests in the brain with very low levels of virus. However, the mechanism producing this viral disorder is still debated. Interestingly, HIV-1 infection exposes neurons to proteins including Tat, Nef, and Vpr which can drastically alter mitochondrial properties. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been posited to be a cornerstone of the development of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we investigated mitochondria in an animal model of HAND. Using an HIV-1 transgenic rat model expressing seven of the nine HIV-1 viral proteins, mitochondrial functional and proteomic analysis were performed on a subset of mitochondria that are particularly sensitive to cellular changes, the neuronal synaptic mitochondria. Quantitative mass spectroscopic studies followed by statistical analysis revealed extensive proteome alteration in this model paralleling mitochondrial abnormalities identified in HIV-1 animal models and HIV-1-infected humans. Novel mitochondrial protein changes were discovered in the electron transport chain (ETC), the glycolytic pathways, mitochondrial trafficking proteins, and proteins involved in various energy pathways, and these findings correlated well with the function of the mitochondria as assessed by a mitochondrial coupling and flux assay. By targeting these proteins and proteins upstream in the same pathway, we may be able to limit the development of HAND.
United States V. Kai-Lo Hsu: An Examination of the Confidentiality Provision in the Economic Espionage Act: Is it Suitable to Maintain the Use and Effectiveness of the Eea?

As the Cold War fades further away, the United States still struggles to tame the economic espionage that is invading our technological industries. The end of the Cold War led foreign intelligence operatives, who were often allies of the United States, to devote their resources to stealing technologies from U.S. corporations.
Optically active amines—V : Comparison of the optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism curves of the N-salicylidene derivatives of some open-chain α- and β-arylalkylamines

Abstract The circular dichroism (CD) curves of the N-salicylidene derivatives of some open-chain α- and β-arylalkylamines and of α,β-diphenylethylamine in ethanol, dioxan, and isooctane were measured from 450 to about 240 mμ. In comparison with similar optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) measurements reported earlier, reliable observations to shorter wavelengths with greater resolution of the individual Cotton effects were possible. Cotton effects near 315 and 255 mμ are assigned to π-π* transitions of the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded salicylidenimino moiety, and for the α-arylalkylamine derivatives, an additional Cotton effect near 280 mμ is assigned to the π-π* transition of the aromatic ring of the parent amines. The present measurements are in agreement with the conclusion drawn earlier that there is present in these derivatives an inherently dissymmetric chromophore, arising from the interaction of the π-electrons of the aryl group and the salicylidenimino moiety. However, only some of the changes in the CD curves which occur with changes in temperature could be interpreted with the simple conformational model used earlier to indicate the steric requirements for a rotationally significant interaction of the aryl and the salicylidenimino groups.
K-12 Teacher Support for Computer Science Principles: An Introduction to the UTeach Course, Thriving in Our Digital World: AP (Abstract Only)

Thriving in Our Digital World: AP provides high school teachers a complete, classroom-ready curriculum, including custom online resources and flexible curricular materials, designed to satisfy the College Board's requirements for its new course, AP Computer Science Principles. Organized in a series of project-based modules, the course focuses on current areas of research among real-world computer scientists, including Big Data, digital manipulation, and data security.Beginning in Summer 2016, UTeach--the highly successful STEM teacher preparation program that began at The University of Texas at Austin in 1997 and is now being replicated nationwide--will offer professional development, ongoing support, and incentives for teachers to teach the course. UTeach's PD model encourages the participation of teachers with a variety of backgrounds and levels of experience, and leverages participating teachers' diverse areas of expertise to improve PD and support opportunities for all participants. Individuals who teach Thriving in Our Digital World: AP will join a national community of educators dedicated to improving K-12 computer science education and better engaging girls and other historically underrepresented groups in computing.K-12 educators and school and district administrators should plan to attend this hands-on workshop. Presenters will engage participants in demonstration lessons and activities, and participants will leave with materials and handouts that are directly relevant to K-12 computer science classrooms. Laptops are required.
Neuronal metabolomics by ion mobility mass spectrometry in cocaine self-administering rats after early and late withdrawal

The neuronal metabolomes in rat striatum (STR), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAC) were analyzed by Hadamard transform ion mobility mass spectrometry (HT-IMMS) in order to reveal global and specific metabolic changes induced by cocaine self-administration after 1-day or 3-week withdrawal. Metabolite features were comprehensively separated and detected using HPLC-IMMS within minutes. Global metabolic differences were observed by PCA for comparisons between cocaine and saline treatments at 1-day withdrawal time. Metabolite features that were significantly changed were selected using PCA loadings' plot and unpaired LLL test and then tentatively identified by accurate m/z, yielding a complete profile of metabolic changes induced by cocaine self-administration. The majority of these changes were found at the 1-day withdrawal time, but several of them endured even after 3-week withdrawal from cocaine, and these changes were generally brain region specific. Putatively identified metabolites associated with oxidative stress and energy metabolism were also specifically investigated. We discovered that the dysregulation of creatine/creatinine was different between the STR and NAC, demonstrating that metabolic alterations are brain region specific. Glutathione and adenosine were also changed in their abundance, and the results agreed with previous studies. In general, this study provided a high-throughput analytical platform to perform metabolomics analyses with putative identifications for altered metabolite features induced by cocaine treatment, therefore revealing additional metabolic targets of cocaine-induced changes after early and extended withdrawal times.
Hearing Examination on Workers Exposed to Noise in A Metallurgical Equipment Factory of Changshu City

[Objective]To understand the effect of noise on hearing ability of workers in a metallurgical equipment factory. [Methods]The hearing examination was performed on 115 workers with noise exposure(investigation group) and 93 administrative and support workers(control group) [Results]The rate of hearing loss was 20.0% in investigation group,significantly higher than 7.52% of control group(χ2=6.48,P0.01).The hearing loss levels increased with the extending length of service. [Conclusion]Noise affects hearing of workers in a metallurgical equipment factory of Changshu City.
Thoracic Presentations of Small Round Blue Cell Tumors

The term "small round blue cell" is frequently used as a cursory radiologic pathological correlation of aggressive tumors throughout the body. We present a pictorial essay of common and uncommon subtypes of small round blue cell tumors in the chest illustrating the characteristic radiologic findings of each lesion. In addition, we review the pathologic findings of each tumor subtype with characteristic hematoxylin- and eosin-stained photomicrographs and immunohistochemical and molecular studies. Represented tumors include small cell carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Understanding and ability to recognize these lesions are essential to broaden the radiologist's differential diagnosis and help guide patient care.
Variety and the Cost of Search in Supermarket Retailing

We examine search costs and product variety among multi-product retailers. Search costs may rise in variety, because consumers have more alternatives to consider, but may fall on the margin as product variety allows better matches between consumers and brands. We estimate a hierarchical model that disentangles the effect of variety on brand and store search costs. Our findings reveal that search costs within each store rise in product variety, suggesting that retailers reduce consumer search by offering deeper product assortments. But, the cost of searching among stores falls in product variety, which limits the exercise of market power.
SDG: Climate Activism Disguised as Development Assistance

Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) marks a shift in the priority of the UNDP from tackling poverty to tackling climate change. This shift erodes the ability of the UNDP to perform its primary function of providing development assistance to poor countries. The climate finance proposal is unlikely to mend this fundamental defect in the SDG initiative of the UNDP.
Perspectives on Group Argument: A Critical Review of Persuasive Arguments Theory and an Alternative Structurational View

This chapter summarizes a program of research undertaken to examine a prominent cognitive-informational theory of group argument—persuasive arguments theory (PAT). An examination of PAT seems especially germane for communication researchers, for PAT predicts particular group outcomes without direct analysis of interaction. Four tasks are undertaken in this chapter. First, key assumptions of two metatheoretical approaches to argument-the cognitive-informational (CI) and the social-interactional (SI) perspectives—are surveyed. Second, PAT is identified as a particularly prominent CI approach to group argument, and its theoretical underpinnings are detailed-Third, a critique of PAT is offered that identifies three conceptual difficulties: (a) an assumption of correspondence between individual cognition and group discussion, (b) a focus nn noninteraction[] predictor factors, and (c) a methodological commitment to research conducted at the individual level of analysis. Finally, an alternative approach to group...
Effects of interface resistance on heat transfer in steel cold rolling

The thermal contact resistance created in the bite region during rolling depends on surface roughness, contact pressure, and the coolant, lubricant or oxide scale between the roll and strip. Therefore, to estimate temperatures of the roll and the strip accurately, the interface resistance in the contact region should be considered when modelling. The purpose of this study is to more effectively analyze the thermal behaviour of the steel rolling process by considering the interface resistance of the roll and strip in the contact region. Since the interface is very thin in comparison with its length, it is modelled as one-dimensional heat transfer with friction heat generated along the interface. For the estimation of the thermal contact resistance, different surface situations of cold rolling are considered. The finite element method is adopted to evaluate the deformation and friction power dissipated in the rolls and strip during rolling process. Roll and strip thermal properties, such as thermal conductivity and specific heat, are considered to be temperature dependent during the calculation.
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Protection against Oxidative Damage to Synaptosomal Membranes by Alkoxyl Radicals In Vitro

The antioxidant properties of 5-aminosalicylic acid in vitro were evaluated in a synaptosomal membrane system prepared from gerbil cortical synaptosomes using EPR spin labeling and spectroscopic techniques. MAL-6 (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-maleimidopiperidin-1-oxyl) and 5-NS (5-nitroxide stearate) spin labels were used to assess changes in protein oxidation and membrane lipid fluidity, respectively. Synaptosomal membranes were subjected to oxidative stress by incubation with 1 mM azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or 1 mM 2,2′-azobis(amidino propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) at 37°C for 30 minutes. The EPR analyses of the samples showed significant oxidation of synaptosomal proteins and a decrease in membrane fluidity. 5-Aminosalicylic acid also was evaluated by means of FRAP (the ferric reducing ability of plasma) test as a potential antioxidant. 5-Aminosalicylic acid also showed protection against the oxidation in gerbil cortical synaptosomes system caused by AIBN and AAPH. These results are consistent with the notion of antioxidant protection against free radical induced oxidative stress in synaptosomal membrane system by this agent.
RAB14 Regulates Human Erythropoiesis and Megakaryopoiesis

We recently reported that RAB GTPase 14 (RAB14) knockdown (KD) increased the frequency and total numbers of erythroid cells generated in vitro in response to erythropoietin (EPO) from either the TF1 human leukemia erythropoietic model cell line or from primary human CD34 + hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs). RAB14 overexpression (OE) had the opposite effect. Thus, RAB14 functions as an endogenous inhibitor of human erythropoiesis (Kim et al ., Br. J. Haematol. , 2015). In contrast to the greater cell numbers generated in the presence of EPO, RAB14 KD TF1 cells grown in standard culture media containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; as the only cytokine) generated fewer total cells, compared to empty vector-transduced control TF1 cells. Furthermore, RAB14 KD TF1 cells cultured in GM-CSF media generated greater numbers of erythroid (CD34 - /CD71 + /CD235a + ) cells, as compared to control TF1 cells, suggesting that RAB14 KD stimulated erythropoiesis even in the absence of EPO. Cells generated from RAB14 KD TF1 cells had higher GATA1 and lower GATA2 transcription factor expression, as compared to controls, demonstrating the cells had undergone the "GATA1/2 switch," a hallmark of erythropoiesis. Consistent with higher GATA1 levels, RAB14 KD TF1 cells generated cells with higher levels of b- and g-hemoglobins. Similarly, RAB14 KD in primary human CD34 + HSPCs generated greater numbers of erythroid cells, with or without exogenous EPO. RAB14 KD CD34 + HSPCs cultured in GM-CSF media generated fewer monocytic/granulocytic (CD13 + /CD33 + ) cells, as compared to control CD34 + HSPCs. Interestingly, RAB14 OE CD34 + HSPCs cultured in thrombopoietin (TPO)-containing media generated higher numbers of megakaryocytic (CD34 - /CD41a + /CD42b + ) cells, as compared to control CD34 + HSPCs. In summary, (1) RAB14 KD in TF1 cells or primary human CD34 + HSPCs increased erythropoiesis in the presence or absence of EPO, but reduced myeloid cell differentiation, probably via the GATA1/2 switch; and (2) RAB14 OE in CD34 + HSPCs increased megakaryopoiesis in the presence of TPO. Thus, RAB14 normally serves as an endogenous hematopoietic decision-maker, physiologically inhibiting erythropoiesis and stimulating megakaryopoiesis (and possibly, to a lesser extent, mono-granulopoiesis). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Daily users compared to less frequent users find vape as or more satisfying and less dangerous than cigarettes, and are likelier to use non-cig-alike vaping products.

Abstract We assessed the roles of perceived satisfaction and perceived danger and vaping-product-type as correlates of more frequent use of vaping products. In a baseline assessment of a longitudinal study of US Army Reserve/National Guard Soldiers and their partners (New York State, USA, 2014–2016), participants were asked about current use of vaping products (e-cigarettes) and perceived satisfaction and danger in comparison to cigarettes as well as type of product used. Fisher-exact tests and multiple ordinal logistic regressions were used. In multivariable and univariate models, more perceived satisfaction, less perceived danger, and use of non-cig-alike products were associated with more frequent use of vaping products ( p s
Anterior Segment Disorders

Because of its high resolution, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is becoming the preferred modality for evaluating anterior segment structures when direct visualization is not possible. This article reviews UBM evaluation of the cornea, of intraocular lenses, and in the setting of anterior segment trauma.
Environmental Carcinogens and Regulation

The regulation of environmental carcinogens has a history of some 50 years as a formal process linking exposure and response. In the past 20 years or so, the regulatory process for these environmental carcinogens has become more closely linked to a risk assessment framework. Although the specific approaches vary across countries and regulatory bodies, there is quite a similarity in overall intent, namely to identify an exposure level that is protective of the public. This cancer risk assessment practice has undergone a significant change in the past 5–10 years whereby a much greater emphasis has been placed on the use of mechanistic data to address uncertainty in risk assessment that includes a move away from default factors. The approach described in the article is based on that developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency for their most recent guidelines, although it is similar to the approaches used by a number of major regulatory agencies. The basis for cancer risk assessments for a specific carcinogen is now a framework that includes a description of the mode of action (MOA) in terms of key events that are required to convert a normal cell to a metastatic tumor. Such an MOA is usually developed for rodents because of a paucity of human tumor data, and so the relevance of this MOA to humans is established using a human relevance framework. Dose–response assessment for tumors (or for key events in the tumor process) uses an extrapolation from data within the observable range to those at environmental exposure levels. The nature of the extrapolation is both complex and somewhat controversial as regards the particular models and approaches that are selected. These range from biologically based dose–response (BBDR) models for situations where mechanistic data are quite extensive to empirical modeling in cases where insufficient mechanistic data are available to support a BBDR approach. The implementation of risk assessment in a regulation is performed using risk management guidelines. These two processes are, perhaps appropriately, being more tightly linked. The future in terms of addressing uncertainty lies in enhancing experimental approaches for better understanding of toxicity pathways and key events in the formation of tumors. This is a need that is being addressed aggressively in many laboratories worldwide.
Feedback System Design-Synthesize or Guess

Abstract In this plenary lecture design problems where true synthesis procedures are available for linear systems will be reviewed. A classic example of this class of problems is the linear-quadratic-regulator problem. However for many practical design problems, with fixed controller structure, no true synthesis procedures are available. Many practical design problems can be reduced mathematically to the study of quantified multivariable polynomial inequalities. For this class of problems, often only probabilistic (Monte Carlo) algorithms are computable. This means that solutions to the design problem are found by making enough random guesses. Recently strong interest in this probabilistic approach to design has developed, under the name, “statistical learning theory”. This probabilistic theory, and some intermediate deterministic approaches to difficult practical problems will be presented and critiqued. In particular three approaches will be reviewed and compared, symbolic computer methods, deterministic branch-and-bound methods, and Monte Carlo methods.
Deceptively Different? Explaining the Gap in Affective Support between the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Although the Czech Republic and Slovakia share many similarities, there is a substantial gap in the respective levels of affective support between the two countries. This paper investigates the basis of this gap, through analyses of the factors that influence affective support, such as history, culture, socioeconomic and socio-demographic conditions. The results indicate that this gap is due largely to the countries’ historical divergences, particularly during World War II, as well as, to a lesser extent, religious and cultural differences. These findings reflect the difficulty of the formation of a pan-European identity.
Case 77: A Flexible Suction Catheter Complication

A 10-year-old boy (ASA 1, weight 35 kg, height 4′8″) has just undergone a right inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia. The operation has taken 30 min. The boy is still in the operating room. He is breathing spontaneously on 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen through his endotracheal tube (ETT). His respiratory rate has been titrated to 10 per minute with the use of meperidine (30 mg) IV. Your resident is performing the anesthetic under your supervision. You, as the attending anesthesiologist, are pleased with his performance to this point.
Can Sexual Acts between (or among) Consenting Adults be Considered an Act Discreditable to the Profession under AICPA Code of Professional Conduct Rule 501? A Philosophical Look at a Practical Ethical Question

Rule 501 of the AICPA's Code of Professional Conduct as well as the codes of ethics of other state, national and international accounting organizations prohibits acts that are discreditable to the profession. There are several problems with this rule. For one, it is self-serving and does more to protect the profession than the public. Many kinds of personal conduct might subject an accountant to punishment for actions that do not involve fraud or the violation of rights. Another problem is vagueness. There are few guidelines to clarify what might constitute a discreditable act. Consensual sexual acts is one such area. The author concludes that accounting organizations should not engage in policing the moral conduct of their members unless that conduct adversely affects a client or a segment of the investing public.
A brief review of the research on husband violence

Abstract This is the second article, in a series of three, reviewing currently available empirical data on the problem of husband violence. As discussed in the introduction to this series of articles (see Holtzworth-Munroe et al., 1995), marital violence is a serious problem in this country, affecting millions of couples and their children each year. While advocates for battered women have been actively helping women for over twenty years, marital violence has only received widespread attention from researchers and clinicians in the past 10 to 15 years. Thus, many psychologists did not receive formal training regarding marital violence and are not well informed about this problem. For example, Browne (1993) is concerned that therapists often misdiagnose and, thus, mistreat battered women (e.g., medicating depressive symptoms) because they do not consider that a female client's symptoms may be a consequence of abuse rather than a traditional psychiatric syndrome. Similarly, many clinicians do not adequately assess the possibility that the child problems they are treating may result from experiencing interparental violence. This paper was written to provide others, particularly clinicians, with an overview of the research data on battered wives and their children. By reviewing the available findings, we hope to provide information regarding the psychological effects of marital violence.
Readability Assessment of Internet-based Patient Education Materials Related to Treatment Options for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Rationale and Objectives To assess the current readability levels for online Internet-Based Patient Education Materials (IPEMs) related to treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia, including transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and prostate artery embolization (PAE). Materials and Methods Using the Google search engine we identified 40 IPEMs pertaining to TURP and PAE. Readability analysis was performed using the following algorithms: Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Formula (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and the Gunning Frequency of Gobbledygook (GFOG). Scores are categorized by difficulty (FRES) and grade level (FKGL, SMOG, GFOG). Results Only 7.5% (3/40) websites met the United States Department of Health and Human Services recommendation of a sixth grade or lower comprehension levels, with FRES scores in the “fairly easy” category. Comparison of TURP to PAE groups showed that TURP readability scores with respect FRES and FKGL were significantly easier to read. According to SMOG and GFOG analysis there was no difference between the two groups by grade level, which demonstrated an average at the 12th grade reading level. Subgroup analysis of IPEM type, categorized as Health Networks ( 12 ), University Hospitals ( 14 ), Clinical Practices ( 6 ), and Miscellaneous ( 8 ), found no difference in reading level across all scoring systems. Conclusion Currently available IPEMs pertaining to benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment options are written at a level that is too difficult for the average American to understand. Physicians and health networks should take United States Department of Health and Human Services recommendations into consideration when designing IPEMs to optimize accessibility of health information to improve patient compliance and outcomes.
L. Candee & Co. and the U.S. Rubber Shoe Industry:

The rubber shoe industry was a large and thriving industry in the 19th century. Research on this industry provides insight about technology development, the entrepreneurial spirit, the rise of indu...
Development and optimization of an MTConnect based edge computing node for remote monitoring in cyber manufacturing systems

In recent years, MTConnect has emerged as a potential communication standard for cyber manufacturing (CM) domain by establishing remote monitoring of manufacturing processes through XML based data reporting structure and RESTful services. This paper presents the development and optimization of an MTConnect based edge computing node in service-oriented CM systems by utilizing data caching and processing at the edge. Unlike MTConnect agents, proposed MTConnect Edge Nodes (MENs) not only convert collected machining data to XML messages and host RESTful services, but also perform as an edge node by adopting a “hold-until-changed” approach for deciding which data to store and by keeping tracks of previously transmitted data to its clients to determine which data to transmit to whom and when. The primary objective is to minimize data storage requirements and cost while enabling rapid transmission and low bandwidth usage without increasing information loss. This paper describes the architecture of an MEN and its data caching and transmission strategies in details. Experiments were conducted in a CM testbed with three machine tools, raspberry pis hosting MENs and MTConnect agents, and two client applications to evaluate MEN’s performance with respect to the conventional approach. Results showed 96.2 percent reduction in required storage size with 52.5 percent reduction in average communication latency and 99.5 percent reduction in average message size for proposed MEN in different manufacturing scenarios.