cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asbestos exposure increases human bronchial epithelial cell fibrinolytic activity

Chronic exposure to asbestos fibers results in fibrotic lung disease. The distal pulmonary epithelium is an early target of asbestos-mediated injury. Local plasmin activity may be important in modulating endoluminal inflammatory responses in the lung. We studied the effects of asbestos exposure on cell-mediated plasma clot lysis as a marker of pericellular plasminogen activation. Exposing human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells to 100 micrograms/ml of asbestos fibers for 24 h resulted in increased plasma clot lysis. Fibrinolytic activity was augmented in a dose-dependent fashion, was not due to secreted protease, and occurred only when there was direct contact between the plasma clot and the epithelial monolayer. Further analysis showed that asbestos exposure increased HBE cell-associated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity in a time-dependent manner. The increased cell-associated PA activity could be removed by acid washing. The increase in PA activity following asbestos exposure required new protein synthesis because it was abrogated by treatment with either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Therefore, asbestos exposure increases epithelial-mediated fibrinolysis by augmenting expression of uPA activity at the cell surface by mechanisms that require new RNA and protein synthesis. These observations suggest a novel mechanism whereby exposure of the distal epithelium to inhaled particulates may result in a chronic inflammatory response that culminates in the development of fibrotic lung disease.
Cell‐Based Screening: Cellular Assays with a Molecular Endpoint Measured by SAMDI Mass Spectrometry (Small 28/2016)

On page 3811, M. Mrksich and co-workers culture cells using self-assembled monolayers presenting cell adhesion ligands and enzyme substrates. A lysis buffer disrupts the cell membranes, releasing enzymes that modify the immobilized substrates. These modifications can be measured with SAMDI mass spectrometry, giving a high-throughput, cell-based assay.
Quasi-Steady Flow in Hydraulic Systems Using MOC

The Method of Characteristics (MOC) is utilized effectively in many industries to calculate hydraulic transients in almost all pipeline systems. Recently it has been suggested as a suitable calculation procedure for long term (extended time) quasi-steady flow problems. It might serve as an alternative approach to using rigid water-column (lumped inertia) calculations, or to integrating over time with a series of steady state calculations, which are two procedures receiving recent attention. This paper provides a unique approach within the MOC framework, by modifying terms in the pipeline partial differential equations. When carried through the MOC it leads to a minor modification in a transient code by introducing the two new parameters. The method is developed and applied to a network example herein.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
Physical Boundaries and City Boundaries: Consequences for Crime Patterns on Street Segments?:

Scholars have theorized how spatial boundaries (edges) can be important for understanding the location of crime, yet the empirical relationship between spatial boundaries in the environment and levels of crime is relatively less explored compared with other features of the environment. The current study extends the literature by not only studying three types of physical boundaries—interstate highways, parks, and rivers—but also one nonphysical and relatively less visible boundary—city boundaries. We analyze the relationship between crime in street segments and nearness to these four types of edges in the Southern California area. We measure nearness to these boundaries in two manners: (a) whether or not the segment is adjacent to the feature and (b) how far in physical distance the segment is to the feature.
The Zen Scavenger Hunt: Constructing and presenting persuasive messages

Courses: Persuasion; Persuasive SpeakingObjectives: Students will demonstrate the ability to apply persuasive concepts in constructing persuasive messages creatively, and students will present and analyze their persuasive messages.
Comparison of terminal duct lobular units in the nipple areolar complex by tumor subtypes-the implication for nipple sparing mastectomy.

e12082Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has gained popularity for surgical treatment of breast cancer. Terminal duct lobular units (TDLU) have been shown to be present in 25% of nipple ar...
Moral Judgments and Social Stereotypes: Do the Age and Gender of the Perpetrator and the Victim Matter?

We investigated how moral judgments were influenced by (a) the age and gender of the moral perpetrator and victim, (b) the moral judge’s benevolent ageism and benevolent sexism, and (c) the moral j...
pH and drug ionization affects ocular pressure lowering of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of drug ionization on the ocular hypotensive activity of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Methods Ocular normotensive New Zealand albino and ocular hypertensive Dutch Belted pigmented rabbits were used. Tonometric intraocular pressure levels were taken after topical application of 50 microliters of drug (at various concentrations and pH values) to one eye with the contralateral eye used as an untreated control. The drugs tested were MK-927, L-662,583, and AHR-16329. Eye tissues were analyzed for drug by our enzymatic methods. Results In all cases, the more ionized the applied drug the greater the ocular hypotensive activity. Tissue distribution studies showed that there was more drug found in the eye after the ionized form of a drug was applied than that found after application of the less ionized forms. Conclusions Increasing the ionization of three ampholyte topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors increases their ocular hypotensive activity. These data taken with ocular disposition data suggest that ionized compounds of this type are more readily sequestered in the cornea, which serves as a drug depot for prolonged drug delivery and activity.
Spectral characterization of controllability and observability for frequency regulation dynamics

We give a full characterization using spectral graph theory of the controllability and observability of the swing and power flow dynamics in frequency regulation. In particular, we show that the controllability/observability of the system depends on two orthogonal conditions: 1) intrinsic structure of the system graph 2) algebraic coverage of buses with controllable loads/sensors. Condition 1) encodes information on graph symmetry and is shown to hold for almost all practical systems. Condition 2) captures how buses interact with each other through the network and can be verified using the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian matrix. Based on this framework, the optimal placement of controllable loads and sensors in the network can be formulated as a set cover problem. We demonstrate how our results identify the critical buses in real systems by performing simulation in the IEEE 39-bus New England interconnection test system. We show that for this testbed, a single well chosen bus is capable of providing full controllability/observability.
Minimalist design: An optimized solution for intelligent interactive infotainment systems

Modern cars have become a sophisticated computing platform with advanced digital features in the engine, body, and cockpit. Highly interactive applications and gadgets in the cockpit require extensive driver attention and often result in increasing distraction and accidents. Our work discusses a new design to help reduce driver distraction by providing redundant modes of interaction in the cockpit similar to the human-human interaction. Our test results show a significant improvement by adding additional modes to the traditional speech-recognition system adopted by most of the car manufacturers.
Comparing the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program and the Accreditation of Cancer Program: A Cross-sectional Study:

Under the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP), introduced by the Affordable Care Act, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid must reduce reimbursement by 1% for hospitals that rank among the lowest performing quartile in regard to hospital-acquired conditions (HACs). This study seeks to determine whether Accredited Cancer Program (ACP) hospitals (as defined by the American College of Surgeons) score differently on the HACRP metrics than nonaccredited cancer program hospitals. This study uses data from the 2014 American Hospital Association Annual Survey database, the 2014 Area Health Resource File, the 2014 Medicare Final Rule Standardizing File, and the FY2017 HACRP database (Medicare Hospital Compare Database). The association between ACPs, HACs, and market characteristics is assessed through multinomial logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Accredited cancer hospitals have a greater risk of scoring in the Worse outcome category of HAC scores, vs Middle or Better outcomes, compared with nonaccredited cancer hospitals. Despite this, they do not have greater odds of incurring a payment reduction under the HACRP measurement system. While ACP hospitals can likely improve scores, questions concerning the consistency of the message between ACP hospital quality and HACRP quality need further evaluation to determine potential gaps or issues in the structure or measurement. ACP hospitals should seek to improve scores on domain 2 measures. Although ACP hospitals do likely see more complex patients, additional efforts to reduce surgical site infections and related HACs should be evaluated and incorporated into required quality improvement efforts. From a policy perspective, policy makers should carefully evaluate the measures utilized in the HACPR.
Medical and Surgical Therapy for Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer remains among the 10 most common cancers in the world with variations in incidence and survival based on geographic sites. Gastric cancer is the second most common tumor worldwide with 60% of cases in developing countries (1). It appears that, worldwide, gastric cancer is second only to lung cancer with a reported 798,300 new cases in 1990 and is more common than, breast and colorectal cancer outside of the United States. The highest incidences are in Japanese men; rates are also increased in eastern Europe, South America, and eastern Asia, but lower in the United States, North Africa, and Australia (1). In contrast, esophageal cancer is relatively rare, being the seventh leading cause of death in men in the United States (2). Survival is poor, being only 37% for stage II, 11–18% for stage III, and 5% for stage IV. The effectiveness of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy or the combination of the above modalities has been investigated for decades with varied results.
Coordinate regulation of the inducible forms of prostaglandin synthase and nitric oxide synthase in fibroblasts and macrophages.

For many years our laboratory has been interested in i) identifying the “primary response” genes (1) whose message levels are stimulated in response to extracellular ligands such as growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and ii) characterizing both the regulation of the transcription of these genes in response to ligand-induced signal transduction pathways and the role of the products of these genes in the ligand-induced cellular responses. We cloned cDNAs for seven genes induced in response to mitogenic stimulation of Swiss 3T3 cells by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). We refer to these genes as TPA Induced Sequences, or TIS genes (2). cDNAs for many of these same genes have been cloned as serum-induced genes from fibroblasts, nerve growth factor-induced genes from neuronal cell lines, and mitogen-stimulated genes induced after lymphokine stimulation of lymphocytes (3). Many of these genes encode inducible transcription factors such as c-fos, cjun, egr-1/TlS8, and N10/nur77/TISl (3). These inducible transcription factors are required to transcribe the secondary response genes whose products participate in the cascade of gene expression leading to ligand-induced phenotypic changes, such as entry into the cell cycle or ligand-induced differentiation. Other ligand-inducible primary response genes, such as the JC and KE genes, encode secreted, cytokine-like molecules (3). It seems likely that the role of these gene products is to signal neighboring cells that the responding cell is undergoing a profound, ligand-induced change in cell physiology.
Spectrum analysis of acoustic emissions from boron-aluminum composites

Acoustic emissions were monitored from unidirectional tension specimens of boron-aluminum composites. It is shown that a sudden increase in count rate presages final failure. This sudden increase, however, occurs at a variable point relative to final failure load. Spectrum analysis in the range from 1 to 100 kHz was performed on the emissions with the result that no immediately obvious recognition pattern exists to distinguish between types of failure mechanisms. It is suggested that either acoustic emissions cannot be used to distinguish different failure modes in boron-aluminum composites in the frequency range studied or the specimens used had only one failure mode operating with sufficient energy release to be detected. The spectrum analysis did show, however, that the acoustic emissions had frequency components much higher than the frequencies for the fundamental modes of natural vibration of the specimen.
A Critique of the Stern Report

The recently released Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change demonstrates, given certain assumptions, that adopting an aggressive near-term policy may be better than never doing anything at all. However, the question policymakers should be asking is how aggressive do policies need to be in the near term. Society needs to weigh a number of alternatives besides the single one considered by the Stern report, namely stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppm. The risks of climate damages go up with ever-higher stabilization targets, but the mitigation costs fall rapidly. Society needs to settle on the best tradeoff.
In vivo imaging of inner plexiform layer lamination with visible light OCT (Conference Presentation)

The inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina comprises extremely thin sublaminae with connections between bipolar cells, amacrine cells, and ganglion cells. So far, observations of IPL lamination in near-infrared Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images have been anecdotal. Visible light OCT theoretically provides higher axial resolution than near-infrared OCT for a given wavelength bandwidth. Imaging of the human retina with ultrahigh resolution visible light OCT and longitudinal chromatic aberration correction was recently shown, with a focus on the outer retina. Here, we demonstrate in vivo imaging of lamination in the inner plexiform layer using achromatized visible light Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). To further improve the achievable axial resolution and contrast, we incorporate a grating light valve spatial light modulator (GLV-SLM) spectral shaping stage into our setup. The GLV-SLM rapidly and dynamically shapes the source spectrum to either reduce sidelobes in the axial point spread function, improve axial resolution by reducing the width of the axial point spread function, or switch between red light alignment mode and white light acquisition mode. In vivo retinal OCT images acquired from human subjects show that the IPL consists of 3 hyper-reflective bands and 2 hypo-reflective bands, corresponding well with the standard anatomical division of the IPL into 5 layers. Strategies to improve contrast of the subtle bands representing the IPL sublaminae are investigated. Possible explanations for the ability of visible light OCT to visualize IPL sublaminae, based only on backscattering or backreflection contrast, and implications for glaucoma progression monitoring, are discussed.
From austerity to abundance? Creative approaches to coordinating the common good: Margaret Stout (Ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing, 2019, Pp. xiii, 206.

Watching the news today, one might be overwhelmed with the many different, but converging, public concerns: gender-race discrimination, climate change, financial crises, austerity politics, and con...
Protein Family Classification from Scratch: A CNN Based Deep Learning Approach

Next-generation sequencing techniques provide us with an opportunity for generating sequenced proteins and identifying the biological families and functions of these proteins. However, compared with identified proteins, uncharacterized proteins consist of a notable percentage of the overall proteins in the bioinformatics research field. Traditional family classification methods often devote themselves to extracting N-Gram features from sequences while ignoring motif information as well as affinity information between motifs and adjacent amino acids. Previous clustering-based algorithms have typically been used to define protein features with domain knowledge and annotate protein families based on extensive data samples. In this paper, we apply CNN based amino acid representation learning with limited characterized proteins to explore the performances of annotated protein families by taking into account the amino acid location information. Additionally, we apply the method to all reviewed protein sequences with their families retrieved from the UniProt database to evaluate our approach. Last but not least, we verify our model using those unreviewed protein records, which is typically ignored by other methods.
EXTRA VOLUME: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION CAUSED BY EXTRA-CARDIAC AND INTRA-CARDIAC SHUNTING

Pulmonary hypertension is often secondary to cardiac or pulmonary disease and may be multifactorial. Right heart catheterization offers important clues to etiology. A 39-year-old woman with uncontrolled hypertension and untreated sleep apnea was evaluated for pulmonary hypertension.
Independent prognostic significance of a nuclear proliferation antigen in diffuse large cell lymphomas as determined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67

To assess the prognostic significance of the growth fraction in diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), we studied 105 DLCL patients with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 applied to frozen tissue sections. Ki-67 detects a nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation not found in resting cells. Ki-67 findings and other clinical prognostic factors were correlated with outcome using univariate and multivariate analyses in the proportional hazards model. High proliferative activity, defined as nuclear Ki-67 expression in greater than 60% of malignant cells (Ki- 67 greater than 60), was found to be a strong predictor of poor survival among these patients (P = .003, log-rank). The 19 patients with Ki-67 greater than 60% had a median survival of 8 months compared with a median survival of 39 months for the 86 patients with Ki-67 less than or equal to 60%. Examination of pretreatment clinical variables indicated the patient groups were similar with regard to age, sex, stage, B symptoms, tumor bulk, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Both patient groups received comparable curative intent therapy and showed comparable complete response rate precluding treatment differences as modifying outcome. Multivariate analysis indicated Ki-67 is an independent predictor of survival (multivariate P = .006). Further statistical analysis using only B-cell DLCL patients treated with CHOP (63 patients) indicated that Ki-67 greater than 60 retained strong prediction of poor outcome (P = .002, log-rank) among this homogeneous group. We conclude that high proliferative activity (Ki-67 greater than 60) is an independent factor allowing laboratory prediction of probable poor outcome of DLCL.
Investigating the longitudinal and concurrent relationships between polysemous word knowledge and reading comprehension among Spanish-English bilingual middle school students

This study investigates the concurrent and longitudinal relationships between polysemous word knowledge and reading comprehension among bilingual students (n = 107) followed from seventh to eighth grade. Standardized tests were used to measure decoding skills, broad vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension. Data about students’ polysemous word knowledge were collected using the Polysemous Word Test, an assessment designed to investigate students’ abilities to recognize the academic senses of words that also have casual, everyday meanings. The study provides longitudinal evidence that students’ knowledge of the academic senses of familiar words contributes to their future reading comprehension. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that students with better polysemous word knowledge in seventh grade show higher levels of grade eight reading comprehension, controlling for grade seven reading comprehension and other skills, compared to students with weaker polysemous word knowledge. Reading comprehension was found to predict polysemous knowledge in both seventh and eighth grade as well as between seventh and eighth grade.
Spatial and intraseasonal variation in changing susceptibility to extreme heat in the United States.

Exposure to excessive heat is associated with a higher risk of death. Although the relative risk of death on extreme-heat days has decreased over the past several decades in the United States, the drivers of this decline have not been fully characterized. In particular, while extreme heat earlier in the warm season has been shown to confer greater risk of mortality than exposure later in the season, it is unknown whether this within-season variability in susceptibility has changed over time and whether it is modified by region, climatic changes, or social vulnerability. Methods We used distributed-lag nonlinear models and meta-regression to estimate the association between ambient maximum daily temperature during the early, late, and overall warm seasons and the relative risk of mortality for two decades, 1973-1982 and 1997-2006, in 186 metropolitan areas in the United States. We assessed changes in relative risk nationally, regionally, and between places with differential changes in early-season relative extreme heat and indicators of social vulnerability. Results Most of the reduction in heat-related mortality nationally between the two decades is driven by decreases in late-season mortality, while substantial early-season risk remains. This difference is most apparent in the Northeast, in cities with greater increases in early-season relative extreme heat, and in places that have become more socially vulnerable. Conclusions Early-season heat mortality risks have persisted despite overall adaptations, particularly in places with greater warming and increasing social vulnerability. Interventions to reduce heat mortality may need to consider greater applicability to the early warm season.
A Retrospective on Black Separatism: Kinloch, Missouri In An Era of Racial Turbulence

In the racially tense late 1960s, Kinloch Missouri was a politically autonomous Black community of nearly 10,000 residents, composed of African-Americans who were free to plan and conduct their own municipal affairs by whatever means they chose to try and improve their conditions. The town was incorporated on the premise that - through a substantial measure of self-determination – African-Americans could gain for themselves what they were denied in municipalities with superordinate White political machinery. In the event, Kinloch’s population was effectively isolated, and its well-marked borders formed clear social as well as political boundaries. For advocates of the separatist-style Black Power of the time, the Community would seem to have provided an ideal environment for the independent development of Black institutions. This paper presents the results of a two-year clinical study of the social and economic development of Kinloch. It is more than an historical artifact, with key lessons on the economics and politics of race-related scarcity as well as the costs and benefits or racial municipal autonomy.
Playing the Hiring Game: Class-Based Emotional Experiences and Tactics in Elite Hiring

While studies have shown that graduates from elite universities enjoy high employment rates, they do not tell the story of how students from different social class backgrounds experience the hiring process. We address this question by interviewing upper-middle-class (UMC) and working- and middle-class (WMC) Computer Science Ph.D. students at prestigious universities who are applying for lucrative internships at established technology companies. We find that while these students are aware of and have access to the "same" resources (e.g., social connections and insider knowledge about employers' expectations), the tactics they use to act on these resources and their emotional experience of the hiring process vary along social class lines. In short, the class-based norms of UMC applicants align with those of employers. The majority of WMC applicants, however, discuss experiencing tension between their class-based norms and employers' dominant values. In contrast to their UMC counterparts, these applicants report spending substantial amounts of time preparing for the hiring process and describe the hiring process as emotionally draining. This research provides insight into the emotional burdens facing even the most privileged WMC applicants. Our findings also have implications for how organizations should take into account social class backgrounds in their hiring practices.
Identifying Patients at High Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death: Is Low Ejection Fraction Alone Enough, or Do We Need Additional Testing?

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) remains a major cause of mortality in the U.S. and Western Europe, and claims 2–3 lives per 100,000 per year [1, 2]. The incidence of SCD has not declined in tandem with significant advances in the management of acute coronary syndromes, congestive heart failure (CHF) and cardiovascular disease in general, further highlighting the importance of identifying and treating patients at high risk for VT/VF.
Health systems in the United kingdom and their role in increasing equity.

The Issue. This article describes the organization of the National Health Service with respect to the primary and secondary levels of care it offers children. It begins with a personal reflection from 17 years ago that is still relevant to the challenges confronting families in the United Kingdom today. It will discuss the basics of what is different and what is similar when comparing the UK health care system to that of the United States.
An Enhanced Semantic Indexing Implementation for Conceptual Information Retrieval

Latent semantic indexing (LSI) is a rank-reduced vector space model and has demonstrated an improved retrieval performance over traditional lexical searching methods. By applying the singular value decomposition (SVD) to the original term by document space, LSI transforms individual terms into the statistically derived conceptual indices and is capable of retrieving information based on the semantic content. Recently, an updated LSI model, referred to as RSVD- LSI, has been proposed [5,6] for effective information retrieval. It updates LSI based on user feedback and can be formulated By a modified Riemannian SVD for a low-rank matrix. In this paper, an new efficient implementation of RSVD-LSI is discribed and the applications and performance analysis of RSVD-LSI on dynamic document collections are discussed. The effectiveness of RSVD-LSI as a conceptual information retrieval technique is demonstrated by experiments on some document collections.
Double-cropping sorghum for biomass production

iv CHAPTER I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 References 4 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Double-cropping Systems 7 Biomass Production Potential 7 Other Possible Benefits 9 Possible Limitations 10 Genotypic Variation in Double-cropping 11 Sorghum 12 General Overview 12 Biomass Production Potential 14 Sweet Sorghum 14 Forage Sorghum 14 Sorghum x Sudangrasses 15 Forage/Feedstock Quality 15 Nonstructural Carbohydrate 15 Structural Carbohydrate 16 Use in Double-cropping 18 Triticale 19 General Overview 19 Biomass Production Potential 19 Forage/Feedstock Quality 20 Use in Double-cropping 21 References 22 CHAPTER III: MATERIALS AND METHODS 27 Expiremental Design 27 Location and Layout 27 Cultural Practices 28 Data Collection 29 Chemical Analysis 29 Dry Matter and Ash 30 Structural Carbohydrate 30 Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate 30 Total Nitrogen 31 Theoritical Ethanol 31 Cost Analysis 31 Statistical Analysis 32 References 32
The stereospecific determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in human plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.

A quantitative method for the simultaneous HPLC resolution and detection of the enantiomers of (R,S) fluoxetine (F) and their metabolites (R,S) norfluoxetine (N) in human plasma has been developed. F is a serotonin uptake inhibitor used in the treatment of depression and is administered as a racemate. After liquid–liquid extraction and derivatization with (R) napthyl ethyl isocyanate (NEI), the separation and detection of the resultant diasteriomers were achieved using normal phase HPLC and fluorescence. The four NEI diastereomers and the internal standard [(–)-N-methyl-γ-(2-methylphenoxy) benzenepropanamine hydrochloride], representing the enantiomers S-F, R-F, S-N, and R-N were resolved within 15 min. The assay for each analyte was linear using two concentration ranges of 1–10 and 10–500 ng/ml of human plasma. The precision and accuracy are reported as the coefficient of variation (%CV) and relative error (%RE). The sum of the chiral HPLC results from plasma samples were compared to the achiral gas chromatographic/electron capture (GC/EC) results. The correlation between these two methods, for total F and N, resulted in r2 values of 0.98 and 0.89, respectively. The chiral HPLC method is currently being applied to clinical studies for the evaluation of the enantiomeric disposition of F.
Stochastic Simulation, Prediction and Validation of Nonlinear Models

Many econometric models for forecasting and policy analysis consist of a statistically estimated dynamic system of nonlinear stochastic equations. The distinguishing feature of these models is the nonlinearity of the solution for the endogenous variables in terms of model disturbances. Additionally, they are dynamic — with lagged endogenous variables and/or serially correlated errors. Models of macroeconomic systems and limited dependent variables in a simultaneous setting are notable examples.
Pseudo-Dionysius and the Negation of Models of God

Pseudo-Dionysius, the pseudonymous fifth or sixth century philosopher and theologian, holds that God is unknowable and that people do not have the capacity to describe God. The doctrine of divine transcendence, and the resulting mystery of God, is rooted in Neoplatonistism and is called apophatic theology. Deeply suspicious of the limitations of human thought, it maintains that the only absolutely true statements about God are negative ones. But Dionysius’ understanding of mystical union with God is clearly distinct from a Neoplatonic intellectual ascent. The created order is validated, rather than negated, and the return to the divine is achieved through grace instead of intellectual ascent. In light of both his creative use of Neoplatonic philosophy and his essential orthodoxy, it is no wonder that Pseudo-Dionysius has enjoyed such influence. His unique model of God stands at the beginning of a significant branch of Christian theology, the via negativa.
Venn diagrams and planar graphs

Using graph theory, we develop procedures for the construction of Venn diagrams. This allows us to determine the number of Venn diagrams on three sets, and to address further questions on enumeration of Venn diagrams. In so doing, we obtain examples of Venn diagrams which yield answers to several problems and conjectures of Grunbaum.
The Ontology of Intellectual Property

The main issues about private property that philosophers have con centrated on fit into one of three categories: (1) the concept of property, (2) the justification of property as an institution, and (3) specific items or kinds of item such that, even if property as an institution is justified, perhaps should not be considered as possible objects of ownership at all, or if they should, should be subject to restrictions not binding on the more usual objects of private ownership. To make category (3) a little more concrete, possible items that fall under it include body parts, nonrenewable resources, and historical antiquities. The category is disparate, and becomes more so when intellectual property is added. According to some philosophers, many and perhaps all items of intellectual property reside in this ethical Alsace-Lorraine. The main topic of this paper is neither issue (1), nor issue (2), nor issue (3), but a brief discussion of issue (1) is needed before the main topic is addressed.
Energy-transfer measurements of the Cys35-Cys84 distance in bovine cardiac troponin C

Abstract Bovine cardiac troponin C (cTnC) has cysteine residues located in the non-functional Ca 2+ -binding loop I (Cys-35) and at the N-terminal end of the central helix (Cys-84) near site II, the regulatory Ca 2+ -binding site. Recently, we reported that the excimer fluorescence resulting from the dimerization of adjacent pyrene groups attached to the two Cys residues is reduced by Ca 2+ binding to site II (Liou, Y.-M. and Fuchs, F (1992) Biophys. J. 61, 892–901). This result would suggest that Ca 2+ binding causes a separation of the two Cys residues, a conclusion at variance with predictions from molecular modeling studies (Herzberg, O., Moult, J. and James, M.N.G. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 2638–2644). Alternatively, the reduction in excimer fluorescence could be accounted for by an immobilization of the pyrene attached to Cys-84 by a Ca 2+ -induced hydrophobic pocket. To arrive at a more definitive interpretation of these experiments, we carried out steady-state fluorescence resonance energy-transfer measurements of the Cys 35 -Cys 84 distance. We used three different donor-acceptor pairs: 2-(4′-(iodoacetamido)anilino) naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (IAANS) and 4-dimethylamino-phenylazophenyl-4-maleimide (DABMI), IAANS and N -(4-dimethylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl) maleimide (DDPM), and 5-((((2-iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (IAEDANS) and DDPM. At pCa 8.0, the distances were 23.8, 21.0, and 22.0 A with the donor-acceptor pairs, IAANS-DABMI, IAANS-DDPM and IAEDAN-DDPM, respectively. At pCa 4.0, the distances were 25.8, 24.1 and 21.2 A. The distances at pCa 8 and pCa 4.0 were not significantly altered when labeled cTnC was complexed with cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Thus, Ca 2+ has little, if any, effect on the Cys 35 -Cys 84 distance. These results are consistent with a model in which Ca 2+ binding induces a separation of helices B and C from helix D, without any relative movement of the two N-terminal Ca 2+ -binding domains.
Listener reliability in assigning utterance boundaries in children's spontaneous speech

Research and clinical practices often rely on an utterance unit for spoken language analysis. This paper calls attention to the problems encountered when identifying utterance boundaries in young children's spontaneous conversational speech. The results of a reliability study of utterance boundary assignment are described for 20 females with graduate professional education in speech–language pathology. They judged audiorecorded spontaneous speech samples that were elicited from 4-year-old children. Their agreement with each other (interobserver) was significantly lower than their self-agreement (intraobserver). Interobserver agreement varied with the length/grammatical complexity of response turns, and the number and types of selective boundary cues presented in the speech stimuli. The findings have research and clinical implications for the utterance as a conceptual notion and its use constraints.
Knoevenagel condensation of the diphosphine ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione with 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde: Synthesis of the second-generation ligand 2-(anthracen-9-ylidene)-4,5- bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione

The Knoevenangel condensation between 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde and the diphosphine ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione (bpcd) takes place rapidly in CH2Cl2/MeOH solution in the presence of molecular sieves (4 A) to produce the functionalized ligand 2-(anthracen-9-ylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione. The title compound has been isolated and characterized in solution by IR, NMR, and UV-vis spectroscopies, and the solid-state structure has been established by X-ray diffraction analysis. 2-(anthracen-9-ylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione crystallizes in the triclinic space group P−1, a=10.227(2) A, b=13.865(2) A, c=15.905(2) A, α=112.157(2)°, β=101.424(2)°, γ=100.065(3)°, V=1968.5(5) A3, Z=2, and d calc=1.101 Mg/m3; R=0.0873, R w=0.2604 for 7452 reflections with I>2σ(I). The cyclic voltammetric behavior for 2-(anthracen-9-ylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione has been studied, and the observed redox data and results from extended Huckel MO calculations are discussed relative to the parent ligand bpcd.
All better? How former anorexia nervosa patients define recovery and engaged in treatment.

The purpose of this study was to explore how individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) engage in treatment and define recovery. A mixed methods design was used to triangulate the experience of 20 women with a history of AN. Interview data were analysed thematically to explore frequency of emergent themes and current eating disorder psychopathology was assessed using standardized self-report measures. Participants' mean age was 29.35 (SD = 12.11). Participants' scores were indicative of persistent psychopathology. Those with more involvement in treatment choice had better motivation to change and normalized eating. Participants' definition of recovery mapped on well to current research conceptualizations, though a substantial proportion of the group expressed some ambivalence around the concept. Results are interpreted in the context of self-determination theory of motivation and suggest that patients should be involved collaboratively in the formulation of shared goals and concepts of recovery in treatment settings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The set point of calcium and the reduction of parathyroid hormone in hemodialysis patients

The set point of calcium and the reduction of parathyroid hormone in hemodialysis patients. Since in some studies in hemodialysis patients calcitriol treatment has resulted in a reduction of both parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and the set point of calcium, it has been suggested that the set point of calcium reflects a reduction in the magnitude of hyperparathyroidism. However, others have maintained that the set point of calcium is primarily an indicator of the serum calcium at which PTH is secreted and may be dissociated from the magnitude of hyperparathyroidism. The present study was designed to evaluate how a reduction in PTH levels associated with an increase in the predialysis (basal) serum calcium would affect the set point of calcium. Two different treatments were used to produce a reduction in PTH that was associated with an increase in predialysis serum calcium. In the first group, hemodialysis patients received 2 µ g of intravenous calcitriol and were dialyzed with a 3.5 mEq/liter calcium dialysate for six weeks; in the second group, hemodialysis patients were dialyzed with a 4 mEq/liter calcium dialysate and had oral calcium supplementation increased for six weeks. In both groups, low and high calcium studies were performed to determine the PTH-calcium relationship before treatment, at the end of six weeks of treatment, and six weeks after the discontinuation of treatment. In the calcitriol group, the predialysis calcium increased from 9.62 ± 0.34 to 10.56 ± 0.31 mg/dl, P P P P P P
Operation and maintenance experience with various canal linings

Responses from questionnaires sent to 29 established projects are presented on the questions of operations and maintenances of existing canal lining and the choice of linings in future project construction. Cost data yielded some important comparisons. Unreinforced concrete was the choice of O&M personnel in frost-free regions with choice in heavy-frost areas dependent on water table and soil type.
The relation browser tool for faceted exploratory search

The Relation Browser (RB) is a tool developed by the Interaction Design Lab at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for understanding relationships between items in a collection and for exploring an information space (e.g., a set of documents or webpages). The RB has been through a number of major design revisions. At JCDL 2007, we reported on two studies of information seeking that we conducted using the RB++ version of the Relation Browser software. Based on the results of those studies, we developed a set of design changes and implemented these in a new version called RB07. We will demonstrate the new RB07 interface and describe the rationale for our design changes.
The Efficacy and Durability of Super-Selective Embolization in the Treatment of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Purpose This study was designed to identify the short-term safety and efficacy of super-selective embolization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding and to examine the long-term durability.
Histological Subtype is an Independent Predictor of Outcome for Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: There are significant differences in clinicopathological features among renal cell carcinoma histological subtypes but controversy exists regarding the independent impact of histological subtype on patient outcome after nephrectomy. We examined the significance of histological subtype on progression to distant metastasis and cancer specific death after nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: In a retrospective review of our institutional nephrectomy registry we identified 3,062 patients treated surgically for clear cell, papillary or chromophobe renal cell carcinoma between 1970 and 2003.Results: We identified 2,466 patients (80.5%) with clear cell, 438 (14.3%) with papillary and 158 (5.2%) with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. There were significant differences in age at surgery, gender, symptoms at presentation, tumor size, stage and grade, tumor necrosis, sarcomatoid differentiation and multifocality among the 3 renal cell carcinoma subtypes (p <0.01 for all). A significant difference in metastasi...
New CD from the B Cell Section of the Fifth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens

This review summaries the expression and the molecular and biochemical characteristics of eight new Clusters of Differentiation (CD79-CD86) established by the B cell Section during the Fifth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. CD79 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) identify the mbl (CD79 alpha) and B29 (CD79 beta) components of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor complex. CD80 (B7/BB-1) is a costimulatory molecule that serves as the ligand for two molecules expressed on T lymphocytes, CD28 and CTLA-4. CD81 (TAPA-1) and CD82 (R2) are new members of the tetra-spans family of transmembrane proteins, which include CD9, CD37, CD53 and CD63. These proteins are postulated to be involved in signal transduction. CD83 (HB15) is a marker for human interdigitating reticulum cells, circulating dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. CDw84 and CD85 are new B cell-associated molecules that are also expressed by monocytes. CD86 is a new B cell activation antigen.
Research prizes: a new kind of incentive for innovation in African agriculture

This paper identifies market failures that limit agricultural R&D for Africa and other resource-poor environments, and proposes a way to complement existing institutions with cash prizes for the dissemination of successful new technologies adopted by low-income farmers. The proposed prize institution would use agronomic experiments and farm surveys to document the value of innovations after their initial diffusion, and offer payments in proportion to estimated social benefits in target regions. Such prizes would be a patent-like 'pull mechanism' that pays innovators for actual results rather than proposals, adapted to reward technologies such as improved genetics and agronomic techniques.
Identification of a GABPα/β binding site involved in the induction of oxytocin receptor gene expression in human breast cells. Potentiation by c-Fos/c-Jun

Oxytocin (OT) receptors (OTRs) mediate reproductive functions, including the initiation of labor and milk ejection. OTR messenger RNA levels are highly regulated, reaching the greatest concentration in the uterus at the end of gestation, and in the mammary gland during lactation. Factors directly effecting changes in OTR gene expression in the mammary gland are not known, so the present studies were done to elucidate possible regulators by characterizing the human OTR gene promoter and 5'-flanking sequence. By analyzing expression of promoter-luciferase constructs, we localized a region between -85 and -65 that was required for both basal and serum-induced expression in a mammary tumor cell line (Hs578T) that expresses inducible, endogenous OTRs. This DNA region contains an ets family target sequence (5'-GGA-3'), and a CRE/AP-1-like motif. The specific Ets factor binding to the OTR promoter was identified, by electrophoretic mobility immunoshift assays, to be GABP alpha/beta. Co-transfection of a -85 OTR/luciferase construct with vectors expressing GABP alpha and GABP beta1 had only a modest effect on expression, but cotransfection with GABP alpha/beta- with c-Fos/c-Jun-expressing plasmids resulted in an increase of almost 10-fold in luciferase activity. Mutation of either the GABP- or CRE-like binding sites obliterated the induction. These findings are consistent with the involvement of protein kinase C activity in serum induction of the endogenous gene in Hs578T cells. We showed the requirement for GABP alpha/beta and c-Fos/c-Jun in endogenous OTR gene expression, using oligonucleotide GABP and AP-1 binding decoys to inhibit serum-induced increases in 125I-labeled OT antagonist binding to Hs578T cells. Our work is the first characterization of the proximal promoter region of the human OTR gene, and it sets the stage for studying regulation of OTR expression in breast cells.
Gamma-ray energies determined with a lithium-drifted germanium detector

Abstract The energies of gamma rays from about sixty nucleides have been determined to within a few tenths of a keV by means of lithium-drifted germanium detector. They include values for the transitions resulting from the decay of 51Cr, 7Be, 207 Bi, 54Mn, 88Y, 65Zn, and 22Na, which are frequently used as calibration standards. The majority of energies are for transitions following Coulomb excitation. Previously unresolved gamma-ray doublets have been observed in the decay of the radioactive nuclei 102Rh and 106Rh and in Coulomb excited 75As, 77Se, 117Sn, and 119Sn. From the relative intensities of the members of the 77Se doublet, new estimates have been made for the B(E2)ex of the 239.3 and 250.1 keV states. They are, respectively, 1770 ± 160 and 94 ± 26 e2 fm4.