cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Extramedullary Versus Intramedullary Referencing for Tibial Component Alignment in Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Background: The majority of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) systems use extramedullary alignment guides for tibial component placement. However, at least 1 system offers intramedullary referencing. In total knee arthroplasty, studies suggest that tibial component placement is more accurate with intramedullary referencing. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of extramedullary referencing with intramedullary referencing for tibial component placement in total ankle arthroplasty. Methods: The coronal and sagittal tibial component alignment was evaluated on the postoperative weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of 236 consecutive fixed-bearing TAAs. Radiographs were measured blindly by 2 investigators. The postoperative alignment of the prosthesis was compared with the surgeon's intended alignment in both planes. The accuracy of tibial component alignment was compared between the extramedullary and intramedullary referencing techniques using unpaired t tests. Interrater and intrarater reliabilities were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Eighty-three tibial components placed with an extramedullary referencing technique were compared with 153 implants placed with an intramedullary referencing technique. The accuracy of the extramedullary referencing was within a mean of 1.5 ± 1.4 degrees and 4.1 ± 2.9 degrees in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. The accuracy of intramedullary referencing was within a mean of 1.4 ± 1.1 degrees and 2.5 ± 1.8 degrees in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively. There was a significant difference (P < .001) between the 2 techniques with respect to the sagittal plane alignment. Interrater ICCs for coronal and sagittal alignment were high (0.81 and 0.94, respectively). Intrarater ICCs for coronal and sagittal alignment were high for both investigators. Conclusions: Initial sagittal plane tibial component alignment was notably more accurate when intramedullary referencing was used. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of this difference on clinical outcomes and long-term survivability of the implants. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Periacetabular osteotomy: a systematic literature review.

The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is commonly used to treat symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. Although periacetabular osteotomy is becoming a more common surgical intervention to relieve pain and improve function, the strength of clinical evidence to support this procedure for these goals is not well defined in the literature. We therefore performed a systematic review of the literature to define the level of evidence for periacetabular osteotomy, to determine deformity correction, clinical results, and to determine complications associated with the procedure. Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Eleven studies were Level IV, one was Level III, and one was Level II. Radiographic deformity correction was consistent and improvement in hip function was noted in all studies. Most studies did not correlate radiographic and clinic outcomes. Clinical failures were commonly associated with moderate to severe preoperative osteoarthritis and conversion to THA was reported in 0% to 17% of cases. Major complications were noted in 6% to 37% of the procedures. These data indicate periacetabular osteotomy provides pain relief and improved hip function in most patients over short- to midterm followup. The current evidence is primarily Level IV.
Effects of the kappa opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine on cocaine vs. food choice and extended-access cocaine intake in rhesus monkeys (658.6)

The dynorphin/κ opioid receptor system (KOR) has been implicated as one potential neurobiological target for treating cocaine addiction. This study determined effects of the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) on cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys responding under a novel procedure that featured two daily components: (1) 2-h choice sessions (9-11am) when monkeys could choose between food pellets and cocaine (0-0.1 mg/kg/inj, IV), and (2) 20-h “extended access” sessions (noon-8am) when only cocaine (0.1 mg/kg/inj) was available under a fixed-ratio schedule to promote high daily cocaine intakes. After 14 days of responding under this novel procedure, nor-BNI (3.2 mg/kg, IM) was administered, and responding was evaluated for an additional 14 days. Consistent with previous studies, cocaine maintained a dose-dependent increase in cocaine choice, and monkeys also self-administered cocaine throughout the extended access component. Total daily intake averaged 7.5±0.66 mg/kg cocaine. Nor-BNI tr...
The Model of Occupational Therapy Utilization of Evidence-based Practice

Date Presented 4/17/2015 This study shares the research findings identifying integration of evidence-based practice (EBP) as a component of evolutionary clinical knowledge and the clinical reasoning process to increase integration of evidence into practice. An occupational therapy specific model and approach to promote best client-centered EBP is presented.
Accuracy in optical overlay metrology

In this paper we discuss the mechanism by which process variations determine the overlay accuracy of optical metrology. We start by focusing on scatterometry, and showing that the underlying physics of this mechanism involves interference effects between cavity modes that travel between the upper and lower gratings in the scatterometry target. A direct result is the behavior of accuracy as a function of wavelength, and the existence of relatively well defined spectral regimes in which the overlay accuracy and process robustness degrades (`resonant regimes’). These resonances are separated by wavelength regions in which the overlay accuracy is better and independent of wavelength (we term these `flat regions’). The combination of flat and resonant regions forms a spectral signature which is unique to each overlay alignment and carries certain universal features with respect to different types of process variations. We term this signature the `landscape’, and discuss its universality. Next, we show how to characterize overlay performance with a finite set of metrics that are available on the fly, and that are derived from the angular behavior of the signal and the way it flags resonances. These metrics are used to guarantee the selection of accurate recipes and targets for the metrology tool, and for process control with the overlay tool. We end with comments on the similarity of imaging overlay to scatterometry overlay, and on the way that pupil overlay scatterometry and field overlay scatterometry differ from an accuracy perspective.
Sex and Age Dimorphism in the Barn Owl and a Test of Mate Choice

-I investigated sex and age dimorphism and the possible effect of body size on mate choice in a northern Utah population of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba). In all characters measured (body mass; length of body, tarsus, foot, tail, and wing; and wing area), females averaged larger than males, but the ranges of these values overlapped considerably. Females were significantly larger than males in all characters except wing chord and tail length. Males had significantly lower wing loading than females. Lower wing loading could contribute to more efficient foraging by males and thus support hypotheses that partitioning of reproductive duties between the sexes may play an important role in reversed sexual dimorphism. Adults and immatures did not differ in size. I found no evidence to support the hypothesis that females choose small males as mates. Received 21 February 1989, accepted 21 September 1989. FEMALES are larger than males in the majority of animals (Shine 1988), but males are often larger than females in vertebrates (Andersson and Norberg 1981). In most raptors (Strigiformes and Falconiformes), females exceed males in size (Amadon 1975). Because this condition is counter to the normal avian pattern, it is reversed sexual dimorphism (RSD). More than 20 hypotheses to account for RSD have been developed. Mueller and Meyer (1985) and Mueller (1986) evaluated these hypotheses, which fall into three major groups: food partitioning between sexes, sexual selection, and division of roles in reproduction. Plausible genetic models exist for all three groups of hypotheses (Hedrick and Temeles 1989). Two mechanisms have been proposed by which female choice of smaller males could have produced and maintained RSD in raptors. One mechanism proposes that large females may dominate smaller males, thus facilitating pair formation and maintenance of pair bonds (Cade 1960, Amadon 1975, Smith 1982). An alternative mechanism hypothesizes that females may indirectly select small mates if smaller males hunt more efficiently and deliver prey faster than larger males during courtship (Safina 1984). The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) reportedly exhibits less sexual dimorphism than most raptors (Earhart and Johnson 1970, Mlikovsky and Piechocki 1983, Lundberg 1986), but few investigators have examined sexual dimorphism intensively within one Barn Owl population. Indeed, within-species variation in sexual size dimorphism is poorly known for most birds (Rising 1987). Adults and immatures also differ in size in some raptors (Mueller et al. 1976; Amadon 1980; Mueller et al. 1981a, b). No one, apparently, has critically examined age dimorphism in the Barn Owl, and no one has examined mate choice in the species. I describe size dimorphism for a population of the North American Barn Owl (T. a. pratincola) and test the hypothesis that the maintenance of RSD results from female choice of small mates. I also discuss how results from the Barn Owl may contribute to an understanding of RSD in general.
Magnetism and Spin Tunneling in Nanostructures

In the present paper different tunneling mechanisms in conventional and half-metallic ferromagnetic tunnel junctions are analyzed within the same general method. Theoretically calculated direct tunneling in iron group systems leads to about a 30% change in resistance, which is close but lower than experimentally observed values. It is shown that the larger observed values of the TMR might be a result of tunneling involving surface polarized states. We find that tunneling via resonant defect states in the barrier radically decreases the TMR (down to 4% with Fe-based electrodes), and a resonant tunnel diode structure would give a TMR of about 8%. With regards to inelastic tunneling, magnons and phonons exhibit opposite effects: one-magnon emission generally results in spin mixing and, consequently, reduces the TMR, whereas phonons are shown to enhance the TMR. The inclusion of both magnons and phonons reasonably explains an unusual bias dependence of the TMR. The model presented here is applied qualitatively to half-metallics with 100% spin polarization, where one-magnon processes are suppressed and the change in resistance in the absence of spin-mixing on impurities may be arbitrarily large. Even in the case of imperfect magnetic configurations, the resistance change can be a few 1000 percent. Examples of half-metallic systems are CrO2/TiO2 and CrO2/RuO2, and an account of their peculiar band structures is presented. The implications and relation of these systems to CMR materials, which are nearly half-metallic, are discussed.
Computational Metaphor Identification in Communities of Blogs.

This poster presents a computational analysis of conceptual metaphors in a community of political blogs. Like sentiment analysis or opinion extraction, computational metaphor identification can provide an understanding of the framings or conceptualizations used in a community. This poster includes an implementation overview and results summary.
Youth experiences with multiple types of prejudice-based harassment

Despite prejudice-based harassment's associations with serious physical and mental health risks, research examining multiple forms of harassment among children/adolescents is lacking. This study documents the prevalence of prejudice-based harassment (i.e., harassment on the basis of gender, race/ethnicity, weight or physical appearance, sexual orientation, and disability status) among a large, statewide, school-based Midwestern U.S. sample of 162,034 adolescents. Weight-/appearance-based harassment was most prevalent among both girls (25.3%) and boys (19.8%). Adolescents from certain vulnerable groups experienced higher rates of multiple types of harassment, even when controlling for other sociodemographic characteristics. Prejudice-based harassment experiences are prevalent among adolescent girls and boys. Differential rates of each type of harassment are reported across groups within the corresponding sociodemographic status (e.g., white female adolescents report a significantly lower rate of race-based harassment (4.8%), as compared to Native American (18.6%), mixed/other race (18.9%), Hispanic/Latina (21.5%), Asian/Pacific Islander (24.2%), or Black/African American (24.8%) female adolescents); but a pattern of cross-harassment also is evident, such that differences in prevalence of each harassment type emerge across a variety of statuses (e.g., disability-based harassment was statistically significantly higher among discordant heterosexual (12.7%), gay (13.0%), bisexual (15.3%), and unsure (15.3%) male adolescents than among heterosexual male (7.2%) adolescents). Adolescents from specific sociodemographic groups are particularly vulnerable to certain types of harassment.
Regulation of the Ras signalling pathway by protein-tyrosine kinases.

Tyrosine kinases and their targets Many of the polypeptides that control the survival, proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of embryonic and adult cells bind to cell-surface receptors with protein-tyrosine kinase activity [ 1-31. Receptor tyrosine kinases contain an extracellular ligand-binding region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine-kinase domain. Binding of a polypeptide ligand induces receptor clustering, and stimulates the activity of the intracellular tyrosine-kinase domain. Activated receptors autophosphorylate by an intermolecular mechanism, primarily at tyrosine residues located within non-catalytic regions juxtaposed to the kinase domain [ 31. Autophosphorylation, in turn, serves as a molecular switch to induce binding of the receptor to cytoplasmic signalling proteins which regulate biochemical pathways controlling gene expression, DNA synthesis, cytoskeletal architecture, protein sorting and cellular metabolism [4,5]. These receptor-binding proteins are characterized by one or two copies of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain (Figure 1) [6], a protein module that recognizes specific phosphotyrosine-containing sites on activated receptor tyrosine kinases and cytoplasmic polypeptides [7] . Proteins with SH2 domains frequently possess a distinct module, the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, which also controls proteinprotein interactions through the recognition of proline-rich motifs [8,9]. These results have suggested that intracellular signalling proteins are constructed
Abstract WP78: The Cost of Alteplase Has More Than Doubled Over the Past Decade

Introduction: Intravenous alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator) has been shown to be cost-effective due to savings in long-term disability. In October of 2005, an increased DRG payment to hospitals for alteplase-treated stroke patients was introduced. We sought to describe the trends in the cost of alteplase over time, in comparison to trends in hospital reimbursement in the United States. Methods: Utilizing publicly available information on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) website (www.cms.gov), we obtained CMS quarterly payment amounts between 1/1/2005-10/1/2014 for alteplase, listed as “alteplase recombinant, per mg.” CMS payment amounts are the manufacturer’s average sales price (ASP) + 6% until 4/2014, when it was lowered to + 4.3%. Estimates for DRG base payments were calculated within MEDPAR for FY 2006 (DRG 559) and 2013 (MS DRGs 61,62, and 63) as: (DRG relative weights) x (standardized operating and capital amount). The Consumer Price Index (CPI) was also queried for all prescription drugs, urban areas, during the same study period as reference. Results: The CMS payment amount for alteplase/mg was $30.50 in 1/2005, and $64.30 in 10/2014. Trends in the CMS payment amounts for alteplase increased by 111% between 2005-2014, shown in the Figure. The CPI for all prescription drugs increased by 30.2% in the same time frame. The base payment for alteplase-treated stroke admissions was $11,173 in 2006, and $12,064 in 2013, an 8% increase. Discussion: We found a striking increase in the cost of alteplase over the last decade, with a 100mg vial now with a CMS payment of ∼$6400, a more than 100% increase over ten years. During the same timeframe, the DRG base payment to hospitals increased by only 8%, and alteplase cost increased from 27% of the payment in 2006 to 53% in 2013. Researchers and stroke physicians should be aware of these changes in drug costs and their impact on cost-effectiveness analyses.
TU-FG-BRB-09: Thermoacoustic Range Verification with Perfect Co-Registered Overlay of Bragg Peak onto Ultrasound Image.

Purpose: The potential of particle therapy has not yet been fully realized due to inaccuracies in range verification. The purpose of this work was to correlate the Bragg peak location with target structure, by overlaying thermoacoustic localization of the Bragg peak onto an ultrasound image. Methods: Pulsed delivery of 50 MeV protons was accomplished by a fast chopper installed between the ion source and the inflector of the 88″ cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. 2 Gy were delivered in 2 µs by a beam with peak current of 2 µA. Thermoacoustic emissions were detected by a cardiac array and Verasonics V1 ultrasound system, which also generated a grayscale ultrasound image. 1024 thermoacoustic pulses were averaged before filtering and one-way beamforming focused signal onto the Bragg peak location with perfect co-registration to the ultrasound images. Data was collected in a room temperature water bath and gelatin phantom with a cavity designed to mimic the intestine, in which gas pockets can displace the Bragg peak. Experiments were performed with the cavity both empty and filled with olive oil. Results: In the waterbath overlays of the Bragg peak agreed with Monte Carlo simulations to within 800±170 µm. Agreement within 1.3 ± 0.2 mm was achieved in the gelatin phantom, although relative stopping powers were estimated only to first order from CT scans. Protoacoustic signals were detected after travel from the Bragg peak through 29 mm and 65 mm of phantom material when the cavity was empty and full of olive oil, respectively. Conclusion: Protoacoustic range verification is feasible with a commercial clinical ultrasound array, but at doses exceeding the clinical realm. Further optimization of both transducer array and injection line chopper is required to enable range verification within a 2 Gy dose limit, which would enable online adaptive treatment. This work was supported in part by a UWM Intramural Instrumentation Grant and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. YMQ was supported by a UWM-OUR summer fellowship.
Usability evaluation of a new text input method for smart TVs

Smart TVs are becoming an increasingly important multimedia device for home entertainment. A smart TV is a platform that provides access to many types of media and services such as games, the Internet, social networking sites, and TV programs. One of the most important interactions between users and these platforms is the ability to effectively enter and edit text. The purpose of this study was to test a new approach for smart TV text entry that combines a touch pad and virtual keyboard interaction. A prototype was created and tested against existing methods (a simple remote control, a touch pad, and a physical keyboard). Twenty college students were recruited to perform a usability test with each of the four different input methods. Participants performed a text entry task and a text edit task on each device. The results indicate that combining a virtual keyboard with touch pad type functionality for text entry and editing can lead to faster text entry and faster text editing.
Control input synthesis for hybrid systems using informed search

We present a method for synthesizing a sequence of robust control inputs for a class of hybrid systems. Our goal is the generation of a control sequence that drives the system from a given initial state set to a pre-specified goal set without violating constraints on the system state, under the assumption that the hybrid system is exposed to bounded disturbances. We use a technique that combines dynamic programming and informed search. The control sequence generated by our synthesis procedure is guaranteed to meet safety requirements. An extension to nonlinear systems is presented and computational time is compared to a mixed-integer programming approach for computing an optimal but non-robust solution to the problem
Algebraic Number Fields

Any nonconstant polynomial with rational coefficients has roots in the complex numbers. Those complex numbers which are roots of polynomials with rational coefficients are called algebraic numbers.
Transcriptional Activation of the Bradykinin Type 2 Receptor by the Tumor Suppressor P53.

P145 The bradykinin type 2 receptor (BK2) is a developmentally regulated G protein-coupled receptor that mediates diverse actions such as vascular reactivity, salt and water excretion, inflammatory responses and cell growth. However, little is known regarding regulation of the BK2 gene. We report here that the rat BK2 receptor is transcriptionally regulated by the tumor suppressor protein p53. The 5’-flanking region of the rat BK2 gene contains two p53-like binding sites: a sequence at -70 bp (P1 site) that is conserved in the murine and human BK2 genes; and a sequence at -707 (P2) that is not. The P1 and P2 motifs bind specifically to p53, as assessed by gel mobility shift assays. Transient transfection into HeLa cells of a CAT reporter construct driven by 1.2-kb of the BK2 gene 5’-flanking region demonstrated that the BK2 promoter is dose-dependently activated by co-expression of wild-type p53. Co-expression of a dominant negative mutant p53 suppresses the activation of BK2 by wild-type p53. Promoter truncation localized the p53-responsive element to the region between -38 and -94 bp encompassing the p53-binding P1 sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis of the P1 site abolishes p53-mediated activation of BK2. Furthermore, p53-mediated activation of the BK2 promoter is augmented by the transcriptional co-activators, CBP/p300. Interestingly, removal of the P2 site by truncation or site-directed deletion amplifies p53-mediated activation of the BK2 promoter. These results demonstrate that the rat BK2 promoter is a target for p53-mediated activation and suggest a new physiological role for p53 in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor gene expression.
Field-programmable gate array-controlled sweep velocity-locked laser pulse generator

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-controlled sweep velocity-locked laser pulse generator (SV-LLPG) design based on an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) is proposed. A distributed feedback laser with modulated injection current was used as a swept-frequency laser source. An open-loop predistortion modulation waveform was calibrated using a feedback iteration method to initially improve frequency sweep linearity. An ADPLL control system was then implemented using an FPGA to lock the output of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer that was directly proportional to laser sweep velocity to an on-board system clock. Using this system, linearly chirped laser pulses with a sweep bandwidth of 111.16 GHz were demonstrated. Further testing evaluating the sensing utility of the system was conducted. In this test, the SV-LLPG served as the swept laser source of an optical frequency-domain reflectometry system used to interrogate a subterahertz range fiber structure (sub-THz-FS) array. A static strain test was then conducted and linear sensor results were observed.
Ciprofloxacin plus loperamide was not a better treatment than ciprofloxacin alone for travelers' diarrhea

Source Citation Taylor DN, Sanchez JL, Candler W, et al. Treatment of travelers' diarrhea: ciprofloxacin plus loperamide compared with ciprofloxacin alone. Ann Intern Med. 1991 May 1;114:731-4.2012354
States of Consciousness in Hypnosis: Divisions or Levels?

The metaphor of depth has long been used in psychology to indicate more profound layers of the mind, and is familiar in the writings of Freud and Jung. A different line of development, contemporary with theirs, was developed by Janet, whose concept of dissociation described splits in personality, often in the context of multiple personalities. The secondary personalities exhibited few of the characteristics of the unconscious of Freud or Jung. Recent work has shown that a modern version of dissociation may be desirable. In hypnotic analgesia there may be no pain felt at the level of conscious report in the hypnotized condition, although by special techniques some experience of pain is reported at a covert or subconscious level. These observations have given rise to the concept or metaphor of a “hidden observer,” as one of the divisions of consciousness. The hidden part represents data that are processed and not consciously perceived, yet may become available to consciousness. The observations are not limited to pain, and one illustration is given of creative story telling, in which comparable splits may be detected. It is important not to limit considerations of consciousness to the passive-receptive mode, for the active and controlling mode is equally important, and is, indeed, the one most commonly studied in hypnotic behavior. The modern form of dissociation theory — called neodissociation — proposes that there are numerous cognitive and motor control systems that are not highly integrated, and may become more completely separated through hypnotic procedures. Their explanation remains a task for the future, although some neurological leads are promising.
Role of DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation in Steroid Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is associated with transcriptional silencing of gene expression in mammalian cells. Hypermethylation of the promoter CpG islands contributes to the loss of gene function of several tumor related genes, including estrogen receptor a (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). Gene expression patterns are also heavily influenced by changes in chromatin structure during transcription. Indeed both the predominant mammalian DNA methyltransferase (DNMTI), and the histone deacetylases (HDACs) play crucial roles in maintaining transcriptionally repressive chromatin by forming suppressive complexes at replication foci. These new findings suggest that epigenetic changes might play a crucial role in gene inactivation in breast cancer. Further, inhibition of DNA methylation and histone deacetylation might be a therapeutic strategy in breast cancer, especially for those cancers with ER and PR negative phenotypes.
Experimental and numerical analyses of a 5 kWe oil-free open-drive scroll expander for small-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) applications

Abstract Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are thermodynamic power cycles designed to generate work from a wide range of heat source conditions. In particular, low-grade waste heat recovery (WHR) ( ° C) can be effectively exploited with such systems. The efficiency of an ORC is highly dependent on its expander performance. In the low power output range ( ° C and 110 ° C, were investigated. The scroll expander achieved a maximum overall isentropic efficiency of 0.58 for the temperature source of 110 ° C, for the imposed specific volume ratio of 6.12 at rotational speed of 1600 rpm. For the same heat source, the maximum expander power output was 3.75 kW for an imposed specific volume ratio of 6.55 and rotational speed of 2500 rpm. Besides the experimental work, the performance of the expander was characterized by means of a semi-empirical model to break-down the different loss terms. A well known model available in the literature was extended to account for the major frictional losses in a scroll machine, i.e. bearings, tip-seals and other sources of friction. Additionally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling approach was also proposed to achieve higher accuracy in mapping expander performance for use in system simulation. The experimental data and model source codes are provided as supplementary materials .
Atlas Propagation Through Template Selection

Template-based atlas propagation can reduce registration cost in multi-atlas segmentation. In this method, atlases and testing images are registered to a common template. We show that using a common template may be suboptimal for reducing atlas propagation errors. Instead, we propose to apply a custom selected template for each testing image by employing a large template library and a fast template selection technique. The proposed method significantly outperforms common template based atlas propagation. Using a template library with 50 images, our method produced comparable results to standard direct registration-based multi-atlas segmentation with a small fraction of registration cost.
Abstract TP277: The Neurointensivists’ Role in Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Introduction: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) represents an important cause of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in young people. While recent guidelines recommend management in a strok...
Hypothesized mechanisms through which acute exercise influences episodic memory

Emerging research demonstrates that exercise is favorably associated with several cognitive outcomes, including episodic memory function. The majority of the mechanistic work describing the underly...
Novel targets for parkinsonism-depression comorbidity

With the aging population growing and the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases on the rise, the researchers in the field are yet more urgently challenged to slow and/or reverse the devastating consequences of such progression. The challenge is further enforced by psychiatric co-morbid conditions, particularly the feeling of despair in these population. Fortunately, as our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of maladies affecting the central nervous system increases, more therapeutic options are also presented. In this short review while providing evidence of shared biological substrates between Parkinson's disease and depression, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are suggested. The emphasis will be on neuroplasticity underscored by roles of neurotrophic and inflammatory factors. Examples of few therapeutic drugs as well as future directions are also touched upon.
Couples’ Communication Behaviors and Diurnal Cortisol Patterns:

Previous research suggests that more negative or less positive couple communication can be stressful and that chronic stress can lead to less healthy patterns of physiological stress functioning. O...
Big Data Defined: A Practical Review for Neurosurgeons.

Background Modern science and healthcare generate vast amounts of data, and, coupled with the increasingly inexpensive and accessible computing, a tremendous opportunity exists to use these data to improve care. A better understanding of data science and its relationship to neurosurgical practice will be increasingly important as we transition into this modern “big data” era. Methods A review of the literature was performed for key articles referencing big data for neurosurgical care or related topics. Results In the present report, we first defined the nature and scope of data science from a technical perspective. We then discussed its relationship to the modern neurosurgical practice, highlighting key references, which might form a useful introductory reading list. Conclusions Numerous challenges exist going forward; however, organized neurosurgery has an important role in fostering and facilitating these efforts to merge data science with neurosurgical practice.
The New Trail of Tears: How Washington is Destroying American Indians: by Naomi Schaefer Riley, New York, NY, Encounter Books, 2016, 214 pp., $23.99 (Hardcover), ISBN 978-1594038532

Riley explores how the government has impacted Indigenous people and continues to do so. To do this, she examines different factors that impact Indigenous people, including property rights, loophol...
Riemannian Stochastic Variance-Reduced Cubic Regularized Newton Method

We propose a stochastic variance-reduced cubic regularized Newton algorithm for the finite-sum problem over Riemannian manifolds. The proposed algorithm requires full gradient and Hessian updates at the beginning of each epoch while it performs stochastic variance-reduced updates in the iterations within each epoch. The iteration complexity of the algorithm to attain an $(\epsilon,\delta)$-second order stationary point is shown to be $O(\max\{\epsilon^{-3/2},\delta^{-3}\})$. Furthermore, the paper proposes a computationally more appealing version of the algorithm which only requires inexact solution of the cubic regularized Newton subproblem with the same rate of convergence. Numerical results verify our theoretical findings. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed method is compared with other second-order optimization algorithms for Riemannian manifolds.
Monitoring Biomarkers of Drivers with Medical Wireless Sensor Networks Deployed in Connected Vehicles

Millions of traffic accidents occur each year that negatively impacts the economy as well as the human lives. Human error is the principal cause of traffic accidents. Medical conditions of drivers that are not usually monitored have a significant role in accidents. Chronic illnesses have been shown to have reduced cognitive, visual and motor skills, which are the key driving requirements. In conjunction with the current wireless communication technologies and data processing capabilities, it is urgent that suitable sensors be deployed to perform non-invasive detection of objective biomarkers that state the driver’s health. Cellular V2X communication provides the ability to share the information collected to the nearby driving vehicles for cautionary stance and to the hospitals for clinical validation. Dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) allows for the establishment of vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle-to-anything communication (V2X). This interconnected setup of Connected Vehicles (CV) would pave the way to establishment of smart city.
Giving while grieving: Racism-related stress and psychological resilience in Black/African American registered nurses.

Abstract Background Studies have found race-related stress psychologically and physiologically harms members of stigmatized racial groups. However, the stressor is racism, not race. Purpose This study examined the relationship between racism-related stress and psychological resilience in Black/African American nurses. Method This study used a cross-sectional, quantitative, correlational design with two instruments, an investigator-developed demographic questionnaire and a convenience sample. Findings Participants perceived they have low psychological resilience in stressful situations. With racism-related stress, in particular, participants perceived they are affected by both lived and vicarious racism – ruminating over past occurrences, and expecting/worrying that racism will happen to them or other Black/African American people. There was a significant positive correlation between participants’ perceived psychological resilience, their ability to assess the nature of the racism-related stressor and their ability to mitigate its harmful effects by identifying and utilizing their coping resources. There was a negative correlation between racism-related stress and psychological resilience. Discussion There is a need for continued research on racism-related stress among Black/African American nurses. Further, healthcare organizations, advisably through their diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs, must develop systemic approaches to meeting the unique needs of the Black/African American workforce.
High Harmonic Generation in Topological Chiral Crystals

We demonstrate perturbative optical harmonic generation up to fifth order in the topological chiral crystal RhSi under femtosecond mid-infrared excitation, with particularly strong third harmonic responses that may be linked to Berry curvature contributions.
Issues and Trends in Instructional Technology: Leveraging Budgets to Provide Increased Access to Digital Content and Learning Opportunities

Comprised of four sections, Overall Developments, Corporate Training and Development, Higher Education, and K–12 Education, this chapter synthesizes the findings of major annual reports, including the Sloan Consortium’s Grade Change: Tracking Online Education in the United States (Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2014). Babson Park, MA: Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group) and the ECAR Study of Undergraduate Students and Information Technology (Dahlstrom, E., Walker, J. D., & Dzubian, C. (2013). Louisville, CO: EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research), the New Media Consortium’s Horizon Report (Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2014). Austin, TX: The New Media Consortium), EDUCUASE’s Core Data Service Executive Summary Report (Lang, L. (2014). Louisville, CO: EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research), Gartner Incorporated’s Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies (LeHong, H., Fenn, J., & Leeb-du Toit, R. (2014). Stamford, CT: Gartner), The 2013 Inside Higher Ed Survey of Faculty Attitudes on Technology (Jaschik, S., & Lederman, D. (2013). Washington, DC: Inside Higher Ed), the Education News’ Technology Counts 2014 Report, and Project Tomorrow’s Speak Up Report, The New Digital Learning Playbook: Understanding the Spectrum of Students’ Activities and Aspirations (Project Tomorrow. (2014). Speak Up 2013 Survey. Retrieved from http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/SU13DigitalLearningPlaybook_StudentReport.html). The authors note continued expansion and use of online learning, increased use of digital content and curriculum, and sustained interest in the effective use of the mobile devices students bring with them to learning environments.
Investigation of the Acoustics of Marine Sediments Using an Impedance Tube

Abstract : The main goal of this project is to increase our understanding of sound propagation in ocean bottom sediments, which in turn benefits buried object detection, sonar operation and acoustic communications in shallow water. Another goal for the out years is to develop the proposed research apparatus into an operational system for in situ classification of ocean bottoms for Naval fleet operations.
Animal feed sampling for contaminant analysis

Abstract: In food and feed control, decisions are based on the results of analysis carried out on small samples. The results are used for assessing compliance with legal provisions, for quality control, or for technical or commercial purposes. It is pivotal to obtain a sample that is representative of an entire batch of material, from a few kilograms up to several tonnes in size. Many different approaches can be used to evaluate and minimize uncertainty in sampling. This chapter describes different sampling strategies, and deals with sampling errors and sources of uncertainty, which need to be considered in the evaluation of results for the official control of feed materials.
Host-controlled Restriction of T-even Bacteriophages: Relation of Endonuclease I and T-even-induced Nucleases to Restriction

Abstract Restriction of nonglucosylated T2 phage (T*2) as a function of bacterial growth state was the same for endonuclease I-containing and endonuclease I-deficient strains of Escherichia coli B. Furthermore, E. coli strains with various levels of restriction for T2 had comparable endonuclease I activities. It was also found that a T4 mutant temperature-sensitive for gene 46 and 47 functions was fully restricted at 42 C. It therefore appears that neither endonuclease I nor the phage-induced nucleases whose activities are blocked by mutations in genes 46 and 47 catalyze the initial event in restriction of nonglucosylated T-even phages.
Rocky Mountain Juniper (Juniperus scopulorum; Cupressaceae) as a Host Plant of Banasa tumidifrons Thomas and Yonke (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Western United States

Abstract. Banasa tumidifrons Thomas and Yonke is a little-known stink bug of the nominotypical tribe of the subfamily Pentatominae. Described from California, Idaho, and Oregon, it since has been recorded only from Washington State. Adults are known from juniper (Juniperus), but it is not known whether junipers support the pentatomid's nymphal development. From 2012 to 2014, nymphs and adults were collected from Rocky Mountain juniper (J. scopulorum) in natural communities and ornamental plantings at 18 sites in five states: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming; all are new state records. Nymphs of all instars (I–V) were found on female plants of the dioecious J. scopulorum in early July and instars II–V in early to mid-September. Juniperus scopulorum is considered a host plant in a restricted sense of the term: a plant on which nymphs feed and develop. Occasionally present on junipers were fifth instars of three other pentatomids: B. euchlora Stal (Wyoming is a new state record), Thyanta...
Effects of Fermented Dairy Products on Skin: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objective: Fermented dairy products, such as yogurt, have been proposed as a natural source of probiotics to promote intestinal health. Growing evidence shows that modulation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota can modulate skin disease as well. This systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence for the use of ingested fermented dairy products to modulate skin health and function. We also sought to review the effects of the topical application of dairy products. Design: The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for clinical studies involving humans only that examined the relationship between fermented dairy products and skin health. Results: A total of 312 articles were found and a total of 4 studies met inclusion criteria. Three studies evaluated the effects of ingestion, while one evaluated the effects of topical application. All studies noted improvement with the use of fermented dairy. Conclusions: Overall, there is early and limited evidence that fermented d...
An iterative substructuring method for Maxwell's equations in two dimensions

Iterative substructuring methods, also known as Schur complement methods, form an important family of domain decomposition algorithms. They are preconditioned conjugate gradient methods where solvers on local subregions and a solver on a coarse mesh are used to construct the preconditioner. For conforming finite element approximations of $H^1$, it is known that the number of conjugate gradient steps required to reduce the residual norm by a fixed factor is independent of the number of substructures and that it grows only as the logarithm of the dimension of the local problem associated with an individual substructure. In this paper, the same result is established for similar iterative methods for low--order N{\''e}d{\''e}lec finite elements, which approximate $\Hcurl$ in two dimensions. Results of numerical experiments are also provided.
A robust and accurate approach to computing compressible multiphase flow: Stratified flow model and AUSM+-up scheme

In this paper, we propose a new approach to compute compressible multifluid equations. Firstly, a single-pressure compressible multifluid model based on the stratified flow model is proposed. The stratified flow model, which defines different fluids in separated regions, is shown to be amenable to the finite volume method. We can apply the conservation law to each subregion and obtain a set of balance equations. Secondly, the AUSM^+ scheme, which is originally designed for the compressible gas flow, is extended to solve compressible liquid flows. By introducing additional dissipation terms into the numerical flux, the new scheme, called AUSM^+-up, can be applied to both liquid and gas flows. Thirdly, the contribution to the numerical flux due to interactions between different phases is taken into account and solved by the exact Riemann solver. We will show that the proposed approach yields an accurate and robust method for computing compressible multiphase flows involving discontinuities, such as shock waves and fluid interfaces. Several one-dimensional test problems are used to demonstrate the capability of our method, including the Ransom's water faucet problem and the air-water shock tube problem. Finally, several two dimensional problems will show the capability to capture enormous details and complicated wave patterns in flows having large disparities in the fluid density and velocities, such as interactions between water shock wave and air bubble, between air shock wave and water column(s), and underwater explosion.
Systemically administered cholecystokinin affects an evoked potential in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.

Abstract Cholecystokinin was administered systemically while recordings were taken of the evoked action potential in the hippocampal dentate gyrus to stimulation of the medial entorhinal cortex. The sulphated octapeptide and t. BOC CCK-4, but not the unsulphated octapeptide or tetrapeptide, increased the amplitude of the evoked action potential in a dose-denpendent manner, whereas the unsulphated octapeptide decreased it. Bilateral vagotomy did not block the effect of the sulphated octapeptide. CR 1409 was also found to increase the amplitude of the evoked response and did not block the effect of subsequent administration of sulphated octapeptide. These results are consistent with action at a central receptor locus.
Ultrafast ultraviolet pump–probe apparatus

An experimental method based on subpicosecond pulse amplification in excimer gain modules for simultaneously generating both ultrafast, energetic UV excitation pulses and ultrafast UV probe continua is described. Subpicosecond pulses at both 308 and 248 nm, with energies of several millijoules at each wavelength, are available from this apparatus for purposes of excitation. A simultaneously generated probe continuum spans the range ~450 to ~235 nm. Both the probe continuum and the seed pulses for amplification at 248 nm are produced by focusing 308-nm pulses into high-pressure gases (Ar and H2, respectively). A deduced multiple-pulse structure in the probe continuum limits the time resolution of the apparatus to ~1 psec.