cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Admission rates for emergency department patients with venous thromboembolism and estimation of the proportion of low risk pulmonary embolism patients: a US perspective.

Objective Introduction of target specific anticoagulants and recent guidelines encourage outpatient management of low risk patients with venous thromboembolism. We describe hospital admission rates over time for patients presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and estimate the proportion of low-risk PE patients who could potentially be managed as outpatients. Methods We performed a structured analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (a nationally representative weighted sampling of US ED visits) database for the years 2006-2010 including all adult patients with a primary diagnosis of DVT or PE. Simplified pulmonary embolus scoring index (sPESI) scores were determined in patients with PE to identify low risk patients. Results There were an estimated 652,000 and 394,000 ED visits for DVT and PE over the 5-year period (0.17%). Mean (SE) age was 59 (1.3), 50% were female, and 40% were > 65 years. Admission rates for DVT and PE were 52% and 90% respectively with no significant changes over time. In patients with DVT, predictors for admission were age (odds ratio, 1.03 per year of age [95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.05]) and race (odds ratio, 4.1 [95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 19.8] for Hispanics and 2.9 [1.2 to 7.4] for Blacks). Of all ED patients with PE, 51% were low risk based on sPESI scores. Conclusion Admission rates for DVT and PE have remained high and unchanged, especially with PE, minorities, and in older patients. Based on sPESI scores, up to half of PE patients might be eligible for early discharge or outpatient therapy.
Studies on the myeloid synergistic factor from 5637: comparison with interleukin-1 alpha

A synergistic factor that is produced by the human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 (SF-1) stimulates primitive bone marrow progenitor cells, termed high proliferative-potential colony-forming cells (HPP- CFC), in the presence of an optimal dose of macrophage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1). Recent reports have demonstrated that interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1) is identical to hemopoietin 1 and have suggested that IL-1 is the synergistic factor present in 5637 conditioned medium (cm). We have compared the ability of recombinant human IL-1 alpha and partially purified preparations of SF-1 to synergize with optimal doses of CSF-1 to stimulate HPP-CFC. In all experiments performed the numbers of HPP-CFC colonies formed with IL-1 were significantly less than with SF-1. Replating experiments demonstrated that SF-1 plus CSF-1 generated HPP-CFC (responsive to IL-3 plus CSF-1); however, IL-1 plus CSF-1 resulted in no generation of HPP- CFC. Multiple factor combinations of IL-1 and SF-1 with G-CSF, GM-CSF, and CSF-1 also resulted in less HPP-CFC colony formation in cultures containing IL-1 compared with SF-1. Incubation of SF-1 with an antibody to IL-6 had no effect on HPP-CFC colony formation and IL-6 did not synergize with IL-1 plus CSF-1 or SF-1 plus CSF-1. These data suggest the presence of a factor in 5637 cm, which is distinct from G-CSF, GM- CSF, and IL-6, which synergizes with IL-1 to produce the SF-1 effect.
Abstract 3742: The influence of masculinity, racism, and social support on colorectal cancer screening uptake among African American men: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is both preventable and highly treatable, yet incidence and mortality rates are 25% and 50% higher among African American men compared to their white counterparts. This disproportionate burden places African American men last among all racial/ethnic groups of both genders for age-adjusted CRC mortality rates and five-year survival rates. These disparities are well documented, yet preventive screening completion among African American men is relatively low, understudied, and poorly explicated. A growing body of literature indicates that separately, masculinity, racism, and social support are strong influences on CRC screening uptake. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review with the purpose of identifying and synthesizing the connections between extant literature on the associations between masculinity, racism, social support, and CRC screening completion. Utilizing Garrard9s Matrix Method, 19 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria; and the methodological quality of the reviewed evidence was assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Thirteen studies employed non-experimental research designs; a quasi-experimental design was present in four, and two utilized experimental designs. Studies were published between 2000 and 2014; the majority within five years. Preliminary qualitative synthesis suggests that social support was most frequently addressed (79%), while masculinity and racism were equally examined (11%) for their influence on CRC screening. After evaluating the conceptual and methodological characteristics of included studies, 42% fell below average in quality and rigor. The need for increased attention to the sociocultural correlates of CRC screening for African American men are highlighted in this systematic review, and important recommendations for research and practice are provided. Citation Format: Charles R. Rogers, Jamie A. Mitchell, Gabriel J. Franta, Margaret J. Foster, Deirde Shires. The influence of masculinity, racism, and social support on colorectal cancer screening uptake among African American men: A systematic review. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3742. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3742
Physician Interruptions and Workload during Emergency Department Shifts

Interruptions in the Emergency Department (ED) are moderately studied in regard to their impact on physicians’ workload. This study captured interruptions characteristics and measures of workload. ...
Health Literacy and Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: A Prospective Community Study.

Abstract Objective To examine the impact of health literacy on hospitalizations and death in a population of patients with heart failure (HF). Patients and Methods Residents from the 11-county region in southeast Minnesota with a first-ever International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 428 or Tenth Revision code 150 (n=5121) from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2015, were identified and prospectively surveyed to measure health literacy using established screening questions. A total of 2647 patients returned the survey (response rate, 52%); 2487 patients with complete health literacy data were retained for analysis. Health literacy, measured as a composite score on three 5-point scales, was categorized as adequate (≥8) or low ( Results Of 2487 patients (mean age, 73.5 years; 53.6% male [n=1333]), 10.5% (n= 261) had low health literacy. After mean ± SD follow-up of 15.5±7.2 months, 250 deaths and 1584 hospitalizations occurred. Low health literacy was associated with increased mortality and hospitalizations. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, education, and marital status, the hazard ratios for death and hospitalizations in patients with low health literacy were 1.91 (95% CI, 1.38-2.65; P P =.03), respectively, compared with patients with adequate health literacy. Conclusion Low health literacy is associated with increased risks of hospitalization and death in patients with HF. The clinical evaluation of health literacy could help design interventions individualized for patients with low health literacy.
Shape-memory characterization of NiTi microtubes fabricated through interdiffusion of Ti-Coated Ni wires

Abstract Near-equiatomic NiTi microtubes were fabricated using an additive alloying method consisting of two steps: (i) depositing a Ti-rich coating onto ductile, pure Ni wires (50 μm in diameter) via pack cementation, resulting in a Ni core coated with concentric NiTi2, NiTi and Ni3Ti shells, and (ii) homogenizing the coated wires to near-equiatomic NiTi composition via interdiffusion between core and shells, while concomitantly creating Kirkendall pores. Because of the spatial confinement and radial symmetry of the interdiffusing core/shell structure, the Kirkendall pores coalesce near the center of the wire and form a continuous longitudinal channel, thus creating a microtube. Both the mechanical and thermal response of the NiTi microtubes were characterized in this study using a combination of dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively, in conjunction with conventional metallography and X-ray tomographic microscopy. Due to slight compositional variations, both shape-memory and superelastic behaviors were observed within the same microtube, which achieved a total tensile strain of ∼8% before failure: the largest contribution to the strain recovery was the thermal shape memory effect showing near complete strain recovery occurring during multiple cycles. A second microtube exhibited only superelastic behavior, achieving a maximum, recoverable strain of 2.5% at 110 MPa, likely limited by the presence of a remaining Ni3Ti core as a result of under-titanization. Finite-element analysis of elastic stresses in a wire segment modeled from actual tomography data illustrates the extent of stress concentrations due to inner and outer tube surface roughness. The stress concentrations are responsible for a 65% increase in the top 1% average von Mises stress, which may further affect the shape-memory behavior of the tubes.
Presidential address: Gastrointestinal illness and the biopsychosocial model.

OBJECTIVE To review the evidence supporting the biopsychosocial model in understanding patients with gastrointestinal disorders (GI). METHOD Essay of personal experience and review of related literature through a MEDLINE search. RESULTS Through clinical examples of three common gastrointestinal disorders, a case is made to refocus our understanding from a biomedical or disease-based model of illness to a biopsychosocial model. With the latter model, the psychosocial and biological predeterminants are seen to interact in the clinical expression of illness and disease. With gastroesophageal reflux disease, the evidence shows that stress can lead to amplification of heartburn symptoms that is independent of the degree of reflux. Functional gastrointestinal pain is "an illness without disease," where structural or physiological disturbance of the GI system does not exist. Rather, the symptoms are understood in terms of visceral hypersensitivity as modulated by central nervous system activity. With the Crohn's disease example, the clinical expression of the disorder is not explained by the degree of disease activity. Rather, the symptoms and impaired quality of life relate to preexisting psychosocial determinants. The observed association of stress with disease activation in Crohn's disease is explained by stress-related alterations in psychoimmunological function via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. CONCLUSIONS Gastrointestinal disorders, as a model for other medical conditions, exemplify the important role of an integrated, biopsychosocial model of illness.
Collaborative Dialog While Studying Worked-out Examples

Self-explaining is a beneficial learning strategy for studying worked-out examples because it either supplies missing information through the generation of inferences or because it provides a mechanism for repairing flawed mental models. Although self-explanation is generated with the purpose of helping the individual, is it also helpful to produce explanations in a collaborative setting? Can individuals help each other infer missing information or repair their flawed mental models collaboratively? To find out, we coded the dialog from dyads collaboratively studying examples and contrasted it with individuals studying examples alone. The results suggest that dyads were more likely to attempt to reconcile the examples with their attempted solutions, and avoid shallow processing of examples through paraphrasing.
Gene Rearrangements Testing

The B- and T-cell gene rearrangement test is one of the hallmarks of the molecular pathology diagnostic laboratories. Historically done with Southern blot and now adopted by many laboratories using PCR, the test is used as an aid in pathology diagnosis to distinguish between benign lymphoproliferative disorders, usually polyclonal, and clonally derived cell populations seen in malignant cell population. Clonally amplified gene rearrangements can be used for diagnosis and as tumor-specific markers to monitor recurrence.
High-radiance near-infrared lasers for material processing

The US Congress has, through its enactment of new laws during the 1980s, made it clear that it wants taxpayer-funded research and development to have a greater impact on the country’s ability to compete economically and technologically in world markets. The Department of Energy’s contractoroperated laboratories, such as the University of California’s Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), have been singled out as important centers of technology that can be better leveraged to the benefit of US industry. At LLNL, a technology-transfer program has been implemented to facilitate the process of interface between US industry and the Laboratory.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Conjunctival and Eyelid Tumors

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for tumors of the conjunctiva and eyelid is feasible and relatively safe and can identify microscopic regional lymph node disease before metastatic disease becomes clinically apparent. Clinical bullets (sentinel lymph node biopsy, eyelid carcinomas, eyelid melanomas, conjunctival melanoma, microscopic metastasis in lymph nodes)
Risk-Targeted Lung Cancer Screening

Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography has been recommended for current and former smokers selected on the basis of criteria that were similar to those used in a large randomized t...
Integrated stochastic life cycle benefit cost analysis of hydronically-heated apron pavement system

Abstract Transportation infrastructure and operations are greatly impacted by ice and snow, adding enormous costs to the American economy. Because of their sustainability benefits, heated-pavement systems (HPS) continue to gain attention as a potential alternative to conventional snow removal operations, and the main goal of this paper is to assess the economic feasibility of hydronically-heated pavements systems (HHPS), one type of heated pavements, for use at apron areas of commercial airports. Both benefits and expenses associated with use of HHPS for snow and ice removal were identified and quantified in monetary terms using a stochastic economic analysis method, and a sensitivity analysis approach was used to determine particular variables that significantly influence overall economic viability of HHPS. The findings suggest that, despite high capital costs, HHPS use at airports might be economically feasible. The results from the sensitivity analysis indicate that airport size, in the context of number of aircraft operations, strongly affects the benefit-cost ratio of HHPS use.
Adversarial AI

In recent years AI research has had an increasing role in models and algorithms for security problems. Game theoretic models of security, and Stackelberg security games in particular, have received special attention, in part because these models and associated tools have seen actual deployment in homeland security and sustainability applications. Stackelberg security games have two prototypical features: 1) a collection of potential assets which require protection, and 2) a sequential structure, where a defender first allocates protection resources, and the attacker then responds with an optimal attack. I see the latter feature as the major conceptual breakthrough, allowing very broad application of the idea beyond physical security settings. In particular, I describe three research problems which on the surface look nothing like prototypical security games: adversarial machine learning, privacy-preserving data sharing, and vaccine design. I describe how the second conceptual aspect of security games offers a natural modeling paradigm for these. This, in turn, has two important benefits: first, it offers a new perspective on these problems, and second, facilitates fundamental algorithmic contributions for these domains.
The Ruins of the Earth: Learned Meteorology and Artisan Expertise in Fifteenth-Century Italian Landscapes

The relation between visual depictions of rocks and mountains, and coeval notions on the origin and nature of the Earth, is one of the least studied aspects of Renaissance scientific culture. Yet, in the course of the 1400s a new kind of ruins made its appearance in drawings and paintings, alongside those of the classical antiquity: the vestiges of an ancient Earth, as shown in eroded crags, decomposing mountains and in the layered structure of their exposed bowels. In this essay I relate these representations to both the learned tradition of medieval “meteorology,” and to the empirical expertise of Renaissance artists/engineers. Finally, I place within this larger context some aspects of Leonardo da Vinci’s geological writings and drawings, with particular reference to his studies of layered rocks and his discussion of the Biblical flood.
More on Specimen Size Effects in Fracture Toughness Testing

A new study of the effect of specimen size on the results of plane-strain fracture toughness tests of a relatively tough aluminum alloy, 2219-T851, suggests that an increase in specimen size requirements may be necessary to assure size-independent test results. Specifically, it appears that the crack length limit should be increased to 5(K I c /σ Y S ) 2 , which has the effect of keeping the maximum nominal net-section stress below two thirds of the yield strength. The current limit on thickness could be maintained at 2.5 (K I c /σ Y S ) 2 , although there is some evidence that it might be relaxed further. Additional work is needed to check the generality of these suggestions for other materials, as well as the possibility that if W/B=2 and a=B 5(K I c /σ Y S ) 2 , K m a x may be useful as an engineering estimate of K I c .
Trauma-informed care improves management of paradoxical vocal fold movement patients.

Objectives Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) has been used by clinicians, primarily pulmonologists, to describe a variety of conditions in which the regulation and coordination of vocal fold movements are part of the explanation of cough or difficulty breathing, mainly paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFM). Prior studies show an intersection of mental health issues, primarily anxiety, and PVFM. We began incorporating mental health screening tools using the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC-5) and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Civilians (PCL-C) to assess symptomatology that may be related to traumatic life events. We seek to review the utility of these questionnaires for identifying patients who have experienced emotional trauma and use the principles of trauma-informed care currently lacking for PVFM. Methods We incorporated mental health screening tools using the PCL-C and LEC-5 for anyone referred to the Chicago Institute for Voice Care for VCD from the pulmonology clinic at our institution. Each patient underwent a comprehensive strobovideolaryngoscopy including provocative maneuvers to provoke paradoxical movements. Results A total of 16 subjects were analyzed; of those, seven (43.8%) screened positive for PTSD with the PCL-C. Overall, 58 traumatic events occurred among the 16 patients, with 31 (61.7%) of the traumatic events occurring in the seven positively screened for PTSD. Conclusions Using the PCL-C and LEC-5, the principles of trauma-informed care principles were applied to patients initially referred for VCD who were found to have prior traumatic events. We recommend early mental health screening to establish a multidisciplinary team in PVFM. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 130:1508-1513, 2020.
Implementing a Cardiac Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol: Nuts and Bolts

The use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols among various surgical subspecialties is increasing, including in cardiac surgery. The goal of these protocols is to optimize patient outcomes and satisfaction and improve the value of healthcare delivered. Cardiac ERAS protocols are divided into the following 3 stages of perioperative care: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. ERAS strategies have been shown to work synergistically to reduce the length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, hospital cost, and opioid consumption; increase patient satisfaction; and result in less and early extubation. The ERAS team should consist of clinicians involved in the patient's care throughout the entire ERAS process. A cardiac ERAS program is an example of value-based care applied to a specific surgical specialty with goals to improve patient satisfaction, provide earlier recovery, and reduce hospital cost. This narrative review details the updates and gaps in the literature regarding the efficacy and utility of an ERAS protocol in cardiac surgery, outlines the individual components of a cardiac surgery ERAS protocol, and describes the implementation science that can be used to execute a cardiac ERAS protocol successfully.
Forearm Isosulfan blue injection in the treatment of postoperative lymphatic complications

Lymphatic leakage is an uncommon but serious complication following vascular procedures. When conservative measures fail, accurate identification and ligation of disrupted lymphatic channels is necessary to avoid recurrence. We report the case of a 52-year-old male with a left forearm lymphocele, which occurred following repair of an interosseous artery pseudoaneurysm. Successful lymphatic identification and ligation was performed using intradermal injection of Isosulphan blue dye at the time of operation.
Parent Emotion Socialization in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-Occurring Anxiety

Although parents’ socialization of children’s emotional experiences and expression has been widely studied in typically developing (TD) populations, these processes have been largely unexplored in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined parent emotion socialization in a well‐characterized sample of verbally fluent children with ASD and comorbid anxiety disorders. Participants included 64 children, aged 8–15 years, who had ASD and co-occurring anxiety and 24 matched TD children without psychiatric disorders. Parents completed ratings of their responses to their children’s emotional experiences using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES), and both parents and children completed ratings of child anxiety using the Multidimensional Anxiety Rating Scale (MASC). Parents of children with ASD and anxiety did not differ from parents of TD children without psychiatric disorders in their endorsement of different emotion socialization practices. However, among children with ASD and anxiety, greater anxiety was associated with more emotion-focused responses from parents, and for children with less ASD symptom severity, lower levels of anxiety were associated with more punitive responses from parents. Results suggest that certain types of more directive emotion socialization approaches may be associated with lower anxiety in children with ASD, whereas emotion socialization approaches focused on altering the child’s emotional experiences may be associated with greater anxiety in this population. While it is likely that parent emotion socialization practices impact children’s emotional experiences of anxiety, it is also likely that children with distinct profiles of anxiety and ASD symptomology elicit specific styles of emotion socialization from parents.
Negative Interest: The Dual Currency Model and the Journey to America

This chapter breaks down Robert Eisler’s plan for creating a dual currency system with one currency for small cash payments and one for the unit of account, so that, in times of deflation, a central bank could create an effective negative interest rate by manipulating the rate of exchange between the two currencies and thereby penalize the hoarding of cash. It also looks at Eisler’s presentation of that plan to the US Senate’s Committee on Banking and Currency in Washington, D.C. in 1934 and the reevaluation of Eisler’s ideas by twenty-first century economists.
The Constitutional Right to an Implicit Bias Jury Instruction

The Supreme Court has gone to great lengths to prevent jurors from holding defendants’ silence against them. In a trilogy of opinions, the Court concluded that when a defendant refrains from testifying, (1) the prosecutor and judge cannot make adverse comments about that decision; (2) the judge can give a “no adverse inference” instruction even over a defense objection; and (3) the judge must give a “no adverse inference” instruction upon a defense request. Conversely, the Court has never ruled that jurors can impeach their verdict based upon jurors holding a defendant’s silence against him, and lower courts have ruled against recognizing such a right to jury impeachment. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court has addressed the issue of juror racial bias in reverse. In 2017, the Court ruled in Pena-Rodriguez v. Colorado that jurors must be allowed to impeach their verdict based on jurors holding a defendant’s race against him. But the Court has never held that there is a right to an implicit bias jury instruction, and no lower court has ever recognized such a right. In Pena-Rodriguez, however, the Supreme Court clearly recognized that the right to an impartial jury not only addresses “unique historical, constitutional, and institutional concerns,” but also requires “[a] constitutional rule.” Specifically, the Pena-Rodriguez Court concluded that “[a] constitutional rule that racial bias in the justice system must be addressed—including, in some instances, after the verdict has been entered—is necessary to prevent a systemic loss of confidence in jury verdicts, a confidence that is a central premise of the Sixth Amendment trial right.” This article contends that this rule must go further and address juror racial bias on both the back end and the front end. For the same reasons that the Supreme Court created the right to a jury instruction that jurors must not hold a defendant’s silence against him, it should recognize the right to a jury instruction that jurors must not hold a defendant’s race against him.
Hybrid Electrolyte Engineering Enables Safe and Wide-Temperature Redox Flow Batteries.

Electrolyte is an important component in redox flow batteries (RFBs) that determines the current capability, potential window, and safety, but both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes have their intrinsic limits. Here, we develop the proof-of-concept hybrid electrolyte chemistry to enable the design of safe and wide-temperature RFBs. In addition to the non-flammable characteristics, the hybrid electrolyte also inherits the high electrochemical stability and wide operational temperature range. It can show a potential window of 2.5 V and maintain high ion conductivities at low temperatures. It also enables LiI to achieve high Coulombic efficiencies of >99.9 %, showing long cycling stability over 800 cycles. Moreover, it enables the successful operation of Zn/LiI RFBs at -20 °C for 150 cycles with nearly no capacity loss. This study highlights the great potential of hybrid electrolyte chemistry for the approach of safe and high-performance large-scale energy storage systems in wide temperature ranges.
Statistical Power or More Precise Insights into Neuro-Temporal Dynamics? Assessing the Benefits of Rapid Temporal Sampling in fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a non-invasive and widely used human neuroimaging method, is most known for its spatial precision. However, there is a growing interest in its temporal sensitivity. This is despite the temporal blurring of neuronal events by the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, the peak of which lags neuronal firing by 4 to 6 seconds. Given this, the goal of this review is to answer a seemingly simple question - "What are the benefits of increased temporal sampling for fMRI?". To answer this, we have combined fMRI data collected at multiple temporal scales, from 323 to 1000 milliseconds, with a review of both historical and contemporary temporal literature. After a brief discussion of technological developments that have rekindled interest in temporal research, we next consider the potential statistical and methodological benefits. Most importantly, we explore how fast fMRI can uncover previously unobserved neuro-temporal dynamics - effects that are entirely missed when sampling at conventional 1 to 2 second rates. With the intrinsic link between space and time in fMRI, this temporal renaissance also delivers improvements in spatial precision. Far from producing only statistical gains, the array of benefits suggest that the continued temporal work is worth the effort.
The Cause Source and Preventive Ways of PM2.5 Dust in Bangkok, Thailand

The objective on the research of the cause and preventive ways of PM2.5 dust in Bangkok, Thailand is to study the cause of PM2.5 dust formation in Bangkok, type of activities having the risks of forming the PM2.5 dust, and to find ways in preventing or reducing the amount of PM2.5 dust in Bangkok. The sample group of people consisted of those involved in air pollution prevention in Bangkok and its vicinity, those who are involved in collecting and analyzing the data on dust and scholars who monitor air pollution from dust. The data is collected by in-depth interview; analyzed the findings with content analysis techniques. It is found that 1) The source of dust formation could be divided into 2 areas which are, the source of dust in the Bangkok area and the vicinity, and the source of dust which is formed in the nearby area and is blown to accumulate in the inner area of Bangkok 2) Activities that are risks of forming dust are divided into 2 groups: Easily controllable activities such as, the combustion pollutants of the car engine in the traffic congested area and the activities that are difficult to control, such as dust from coal power plants and industrial factories with high chimneys 3) The preventive ways in reducing the PM2.5 in Bangkok which could be operated in 2 phrases: short term phrase, focusing on solving the problems to reduce the amount of dust and long term phrase of solving the problems by preventing the causes of dust.
Microvessels enhance vascularization and function of transplanted insulin-producing cells.

Transplantation of insulin-producing cells is an emerging treatment for type 1 diabetes. A recent report in Cell Stem Cell (Aghazadeh et al., 2021) outlines a new approach that accelerates the engraftment and improves the survival and function of such cell transplants by mixing adipose tissue-derived ready-made microvessels with human pancreatic progenitor cells or cadaveric islets prior to transplantation.
ULF waves in the cusp and cleft: Signatures of boundary layer processes

In this topical review of observations of ULF waves in the Cusp and Cleft regions, we concentrate on two phenomena, traveling convection vortices (TCV) and high frequency pulsations. New data from the MACCS array shows that TCV’s grow and decay on a few minute time scale, so that an individual current filament travels only several hundred kilometers. Waves in the Pc 1/2 band have potential for providing a guide to the instantaneous position of the cusp. Again initial results from the MACCS array show that waves in this frequency band are very locally generated although their occurrence is modulated over much larger scales
Relationship between data engineering and software engineering

Data engineering and software engineering have a very close relationship. Our ability in developing and maintaining large-scale software mainly depends on our ability to understand, analyze, use and update the enormous amount of data associated with various phases of the life cycle of the large-scale software system under consideration. Although many tools to provide useful assistance in developing and maintaining software are available, they are often not effective for large-scale software due to the complexity in dealing with the very large amount of data. One way to overcome this difficulty is to develop a knowledge-based software environment so that artificial intelligence techniques can be applied to large-scale software development and maintenance. On the other hand, the effectiveness and quality of data engineering depend upon the performance of the software engineering approaches and tools used in data engineering. In this panel session, the panelists will discuss various aspects of this subject and exchange their ideas and experiences in this area. Ample time will be available for discussion from the floor.
Dealing with unequal diffusivities among reactants in kinetic studies at rotating disk and ring-disk electrodes: The reduction of H2O2 as catalyzed by CoII(cyclam) and Fe(II)

Abstract The analysis of homogeneously catalyzed electrode reactions at rotating disk and ring-disk electrodes is complicated when the concentrations of substrate and catalyst are comparable because pseudo-first-order kinetics are not observed and differences in the diffusion coefficients of substrate and catalyst become important. The effects of these factors on the currents measured at rotating disk and ring-disk electrodes were analyzed by means of simulations utilizing an explicit version of the finite difference algorithm described in our previous paper (J. Electroanal. Chem., 215 (1986) 11) with the introduction of the appropriate homogeneous kinetic scheme. As an experimental example, the electroreduction of H 2 O 2 as catalyzed by Co II (cyclam) was examined and rate constants were extracted for simulated working curves. Previously reported data for the same process with Fe 2+ as catalyst (Prater and Bard, J. Electrochem. Soc., 117 (1970) 1517; Skinner et al., ibid., 127 (1980) 315) were re-analyzed using the newer algorithm with appropriate consideration of the inequality of diffusion coefficients. The neglect of the inequality of diffusion coefficients in these earlier studies is shown to have been insignificant under the experimental conditions employed.
ROLE OF HYALINE MEMBRANES, BLOOD, EXUDATE, EDEMA FLUID AND AMNIOTIC SAC CONTENTS IN PREVENTING EXPANSION OF THE LUNGS OF NEWBORN INFANTS

The lungs of 43 infants were removed at autopsy and expanded with measured amounts of negative pressure. The amounts of pressure required to initiate expansion and to bring about apparent complete expansion of the gross specimens could not be correlated with the final degree of expansion that was obtained as measured by the thickness of the alveolar walls. Expansibility of the lungs was impeded in two groups: those with a birth weight less than 1200 gm. and those who had extensive hyaline membranes in the lungs. The presence of amniotic sac contents, blood, exudate and edema fluid in the alveoli and air passages, even in large amounts, did not mechanically prevent what appeared to be satisfactory expansion of the lungs.
Operationally complete work done suggests presence of extra potentials corresponding to repulsive forces

Operationally complete representation of work done and the corresponding to it potential energy within the usual radial/center-bound, nonrotating gravitational force fields comprises two extra terms: linear nonradial and angular nonradial, in addition to the usual radial term. Since these nonradial terms have negative signs, they suggest presence of potentials corresponding to repulsive forces generated by the very same, usual radial attractive force field. The extra linear nonradial term depends on exposure of an orbiting satellite to the distribution of mass within the field, whereas the extra angular nonradial term also depends on that as well as on exposure of the satellite to density of matter of the mass source that generates the usual, locally dominant radial/center-bound attractive gravitational force field.
Relations Between Economic Well-Being, Family Support, Community Attachment, and Life Satisfaction Among LGBQ Adults

While studies with the general population indicate that one’s life satisfaction is related to economic well-being and social support, much less is known about these constructs among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) populations. The current study examines the relationship between economic well-being and life satisfaction in a sample of 458 LGBQ individuals. Further, the direct and moderating effects of family and community support are examined. As hypothesized, perceived financial stress and proximal family support each had a significant main effect on life satisfaction. Household income (adjusted by number of individuals living in the household) had a non-linear effect on life satisfaction. Community support for LGBQ individuals was not associated with life satisfaction, and the moderating hypotheses were not supported. The findings and the implications for future research are discussed.
The Reverse Environmental Gender Gap in China: Evidence from “The China Survey”*

Objectives This article explores gender differences in attitudes about the seriousness of the environment as a problem in China using the “2008 China Survey.” Methods We use generalized ordered logit models to analyze survey respondents’ environmental attitudes. Results Our results indicate that there is indeed a “gender gap” in environmental attitudes in China, but the pattern is reversed from what has been generally found in previous work conducted in the United States and Europe. Chinese men, not women, show a greater concern about environmental problems and the seriousness of the environmental degradation in China. Further, we find that this gender gap is based largely in the substantial economic and educational differences between men and women in contemporary China. Conclusions This study emphasizes the mediating influence of socioeconomic variables in explaining gender attitudes toward the environment in China. Our findings suggest that in different contexts, women may be faced with difficult decisions between immediate economic necessities and long-term environmental concerns. The observed environmental gender gap in China will likely persist unless further economic development results in improved access to education and economic conditions for Chinese women.
Less Is More Combination Antibiotic Therapy for the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia in Pediatric Patients

Importance Definitive combination antibiotic therapy with a β-lactam and an aminoglycoside for the treatment of gram-negative bacteremia is commonly prescribed in pediatric patients; however, its efficacy and toxicity relative to β-lactam monotherapy are unknown. Objective To determine whether definitive combination antibiotic therapy affects mortality and nephrotoxicity in pediatric patients with gram-negative bacteremia. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study including pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) with gram-negative bacteremia hospitalized at the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center between 2002 and 2011. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included 30-day mortality and nephrotoxicity classified according to the pediatric RIFLE (risk for renal dysfunction, injury to the kidney, failure of kidney function, loss of kidney function, and end-stage renal disease) criteria. To account for nonrandom assignment of combination therapy, propensity score weighting was combined with multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effect of combination therapy on mortality and nephrotoxicity. Results Of the 879 eligible pediatric patients with bacteremia, 537 (61.1%) received combination therapy. After propensity score adjustment, baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the groups were well balanced. There was no association between combination therapy and 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.93-1.02; P = .27). There were 170 patients (19.3%) with evidence of acute kidney injury, including 135 (25.1%) and 35 (10.2%) in the combination therapy and monotherapy arms, respectively. Patients receiving combination therapy had approximately twice the odds of nephrotoxicity compared with those receiving monotherapy (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 2.09-2.21). Conclusions and Relevance The use of β-lactam monotherapy for gram-negative bacteremia in pediatric patients reduces subsequent nephrotoxicity without compromising survival.
Excited-state absorption-enhanced thermal optical limiting in C(60).

We report on optical limiting of Q-switched Nd:YAG radiation at 532 nm in an f/5 defocusing geometry using liquid solutions of C60 in 1-chloronaphthalene. The nonlinear optical-limiting mechanism is C60 excited-state absorption and enhanced thermal lensing in the solvent. A limiting threshold energy of 65 nJ, corresponding to an incident fluence of ∼0.3 J/cm2 at the focus in the solution, was observed with a device absorption of 25%.
The necessity of urban regime change : a reply to Clarence N. Stone.

(1998). The Necessity of Urban Regime Change: A Reply to Clarence N. Stone. Journal of Urban Affairs: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 261-268.
Toxic effects of mitochondrial DNA inhibitors on insect growth and development

Abstract The formation of new mitochondria in insect tissues occurs during discrete periods of cell growth associated with the molting cycles or metamorphosis. Acriflavine and ethidium bromide are known to disrupt replication, transcription and translation of circular, mitochondrial DNA during mitochondriogenesis. Injection of acriflavine into Heliothis zea during metamorphosis resulted in adult deformities and the loss of flight ability in normal appearing individuals. A 45% mortality rate was found for doses of 20 μg acriflavine/individual. Both acriflavine and ethidium bromide were toxic to neonate Aedes aegypti larvae. Acriflavine was most toxic with an LD 50 of 0.48 ppm, and larvae required only 12 hr of exposure for a maximal mortality response. Surviving larvae took up to three times longer to reach the pupal stage.
Dichotic Listening Performance, Language Impairment, and Lesion Location in Aphasic Listeners

This investigation sought to identify relations between dichotic listening performance and both specific language functions and CT scan evidence of lesion location in order to determine whether the...
Lanthanum phosphate calcium aluminate glasses : 27Al and 31P NMR spectroscopy

Abstract A new protocol for synthesis of glassy aluminates with substantial content of the refractory compound LaPO4 has been developed, utilizing hydrated monazite and anhydrous metal oxides as starting materials. Ultra high-temperature NMR of samples containing up to 75 mol% LaPO4 shows that monazite is incorporated homogeneously into melts, while analysis by electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR and Raman scattering shows that water quench of samples with 50% La–monazite or less results primarily in glass formation. Network structures of the LaPO4-containing glasses remain aluminate-based, as indicated by our samples’ melting points (>1200 °C), well above those of phosphate glasses. Melting temperatures exhibit a minimum in the range 20–30% LaPO4 content. Raman spectra show only isolated phosphate groups, with no P O P bonds (orthophosphates). Dissolution observations, electron microprobe composition measurements and a substantially shifted principal 31P NMR line show that La3+ lies within the second coordination shell around P in all of the glasses. P–Al TRAPDOR NMR studies and a second, more negatively shifted line in the 31P spectra indicate that P is also closely coordinated to one or two Al ions.
LINEARITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE MECHANOMYOGRAPHIC AMPLITUDE VERSUS DYNAMIC TORQUE RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE SUPERFICIAL QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLES

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the linearity and reliability of the mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships for the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. Nine healthy men and 11 healthy women performed submaximal to maximal, concentric, isokinetic muscle actions of the leg extensors at 30° s−1 on two occasions. Surface MMG signals were detected from the VL, RF, and VM of the dominant thigh during both trials. The ranges of the coefficients of determination for the MMG amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships were 0.01–0.94 for the VL, 0.01–0.84 for the RF, and 0.19–0.96 for the VM. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the linear MMG amplitude versus torque slope coefficients were 0.823 (VL), 0.792 (RF), and 0.927 (VM). These results indicate that, when analyzed for individual subjects, the MMG amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships demonstrated inconsistent linearity. When using MMG in the clinical setting, dynamic muscle actions of the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles do not appear to be appropriate for assessing changes in muscle function during strength training. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Bias-reference X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy of sapphire and yttrium aluminum garnet crystals

Abstract An XPS technique which uses a biased gold dot as a reference marker was used to measure the A12p, the 01s, and the Y 3d bond energies in single crystals of sapphire and in Ce-doped and Ca-doped crystals of yttrium aluminum garnet. The observed A12p and the Ols binding energies were shifted in the various specimens, but the aluminum and the oxygen peaks in each sample were shifted in the same direction by the same voltages. It is postulated that these apparent chemical shifts were caused by changes in the Fermi energy levels rather than by changes in the binding energies. The Fermi energy of one of the materials was used as a standard, and the Fermi levels of all of the crystals were determined relative to it. The Fermi energy level of the sapphire crystal was measured at 3.7 eV above the top of the valence band, and that of a YAG crystal annealed in an oxidizing atmosphere at 1.9 eV.
Cytological studies on the spinning glands of platyphylax designatus walker (Trichoptera): Respective rôles played by the nucleus and the golgi apparatus during secretion

In sections the protoplasm of the spinning gland of Platyphylax designatus Walker appears to be a syncytium with large, branching nuclei, which contain both nucleoli and chromatin granules embedded in a delicate linin reticulum. In the normal gland the nucleus is sharply marked off by a nuclear membrane from the granular, homogeneous cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus appears as rings, loops, or comma-like structures, evenly distributed and without orientation to the nucleus or lumen of the gland. The nucleoli first increase both in number and size within the nucleus, then migrate out into the cytoplasm, where they undergo further growth, and finally are dissolved and passed out into the lumen of the gland as liquid secretion. Small vacuoles appear near the periphery of the gland in early periods of activity. In glands active for forty-eight hours all stages of the secretory process may be seen. In glands active for longer periods only vacuoles are present which we interpret as the remains of the secretory inclusions. There is a progressive decrease in the nuclear content of the nucleus. Throughout the activity of the gland the Golgi apparatus changes little from the normal condition, both in form and distribution. As activity progresses, the bodies become smaller and slightly more dispersed. No relation of Golgi apparatus to the secretory phenomenon is apparent.