cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a very rare T-cell lymphoma that has only recently been found to be associated with breast implants. It has been described in the literature mainly in the form of case reports. This article focuses on the imaging characteristics of this rare disease. We hope to increase awareness of breast imagers and referring physicians to improve early detection rates. Case Report We present the case of a 32-year-old female who presented with several weeks of pain and firmness in her right breast. MRI and ultrasound demonstrated a peri-implant fluid collection. Ultrasound-guided aspiration revealed anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The patient was treated with implant removal alone and has now been in remission for 3 years. Conclusion Anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the breast is a very rare entity that has mainly been described in the literature as case reports. As in the case of our patient, imaging findings can be very non-specific, and it is important for surgeons, breast imagers, and oncologists to be aware of this rare disease to ensure prompt diagnosis.
An Industry View of Post-market Monitoring

Biotechnology-derived (GM) crops have been in commercial use for 10 years with much success in the areas where they have been approved. Prior to intentional (commercial) release, every product underwent an extensive risk assessment examining the potential risks associated with food and feed use and exposure to the environment. However, data collection does not stop once a GM crop is approved for commercial use. Post-market monitoring (PMM) is the collection of information on a specific GM crop in the “real world”. PMM serves many useful purposes including confirming the findings of the risk assessment and collecting information obtained under commercial use. It also allows companies to gather information useful in helping farmers use a product appropriately. In addition, PMM can help risk assessors and scientists learn about and promote environmentally improved farming practices, and thereby achieve environmental management goals. The aim of this talk is to share a perspective on the benefits and challenges associated with PMM based on experience gained over 10 years with commercial GM crops.
A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCHEME FOR CLASSIFYING THE STATES ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INTER-PARTY COMPETITION

The student of American politics has displayed an increasing interest in the states as units of analysis. Since the states share a common institutional framework and cultural base, and at the same time differ in respect to economy, politics, and social structure, they provide excellent material for comparative studies. The political scientist has at hand a group of political units in which some of the most elusive variables are held constant. In the comparative study of American state politics, then, there is the promise that hypotheses about politics in general may be formulated and tested. The first stage of analysis is classification. Since competition between political parties for public office is a basic concept in the study of American politics, the nature and degree of party competition provide important criteria for a classification of the states. It is the purpose of this paper to point up the difficulties involved in formulating a classification of the states according to their party systems and to suggest possible categories of party competition which such a classification might include. There seems to be general agreement on the criteria for a competitive party system.' The fundamental criterion is that in the long run there are at least two parties (and only two if it is to be a two-party system) which are viable means to political office. A neophyte in politics should be able to say to himself, "In my generation in politics I will have a good chance to get into office either as a member of party A or of party B." Since in any immediate sense only one party can hold office, the concept of competition deals with the likelihood of change of control in the future, or in other words it is a long-run concept. Because all of our data deal with the past, however, any such classification is necessarily limited to a description of party competition in a state over a particular time period. A major difficulty in devising a scheme which will reflect realistically the degree of inter-party competition in the states arises from the fact that the states' electorates do not react uniformly to all political offices. A state which is competitive when voting for president may have a one-party record in voting for governor or senator. The reverse may also be true. Which, if any, of these elections best represents the party configuration within the state? In one recent attempt to classify the states according to degree of party competition, the electoral results in each state for the offices of president, gov
The choroid in glaucoma.

Purpose of reviewPrior studies have not conclusively established a relationship between the choroid and glaucoma. The development of an enhanced imaging technique for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has allowed for measurements of choroidal thickness that are more accurate than
AN INTEGRATED CMOS MEMS XYLOPHONE MAGNETOMETER WITH CAPACITIVE SENSE ELECTRONICS

Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) technology is important for reducing the size, power consumption, and cost of sensing systems. This paper presents a fully integrated MEMS magnetometer with readout circuitry. The die was fabricated with a commercially available 0.5 micron complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication process. Post processing deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) was used to release the mechanical magnetometer structure. The transducer is based on the Lorentz Force and xylophone bar resonance. The motion of the bar is measured capacitively using a fully differential switched capacitor modulation, demodulation method.
129 HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS VALPROIC ACID AND TRICHOSTATIN A PERMIT ALVEOLAR FORMATION IN PRETERM LAMBS MANAGED FOR 72 HOURS BY MECHANICAL VENTILATION.

Objective Chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity is characterized by DNA hypermethylation and H3 hypoacetylation. Long-term changes in gene expression and phenotypic changes suggest persistent changes in gene expression by altering determinants of chromatin structure. We hypothesized that disruption of histone deacetylation will permit alveolar formation. Materials/Methods Preterm lambs (≈132 days9 gestation; term ≈148 days), treated with antenatal steroids and postnatal surfactant, were managed by mechanical ventilation (MV) for 3 days and treated daily with valproic acid (VPA; 25 mg/kg, IV; n = 4), trichostatin A (TSA; 0.10 mg/kg, IV; n = 4), or vehicle (n = 4). The positive gold standard was management by nasal CPAP (n = 4). At the end of 3 days, the lungs were analyzed morphometrically. Results VPA-treated and TSA-treated preterm lambs had more advanced alveolar formation than vehicle controls, as shown by morphometric measurements of radial alveolar count (6 ± 2 and 6 ± 1 vs 2 ± 1, respectively; p Conclusions Management of preterm lambs with MV leads to alveolar simplification. Treating preterm lambs with valproic acid or trichostatin A, histone deacetylase inhibitors, permitted alveolar formation. We conclude that histone acetylation, which affects patterns of gene expression, is necessary for alveolar formation. HL62875, HL56401, HD41075, CHRC.
The total and updated lagrangian formulations of state-based peridynamics

The peridynamics theory is a reformulation of nonlocal continuum mechanics that incorporates material particle interactions at finite distances into the equation of motion. State-based peridynamics is an extension of the original bond-based peridynamics theory wherein the response of an individual particle depends collectively on its interaction with neighboring particles through the concept of state variables. In this paper, the more recent non-ordinary state-based Peridynamics formulations of both the total (referential) Lagrangian approach as well as the updated (spatial) Lagrangian approach are formulated. In doing so, relations of the state variables are defined through various nonlocal differential operators in both material and spatial configurations in the context of finite deformation. Moreover, these nonlocal differential operators are mathematically and numerically shown to converge to the local differential operators, and they are applied to derive new force states and deformation gradients.
Content selection in advanced courses

ABSTRACTAdvanced high-school courses, such as Advanced Placement (AP) courses in the United States, present a content selection conundrum of major proportions. Judicious content selection is necessary if students are to learn subject matter meaningfully, but the sheer breadth of tested material in these courses promotes nearly the opposite: “test-prep” teaching and mere “coverage” of the curriculum. This paper contributes elements of a theory of content selection that is aimed at meaningful learning (Bransford) and centered on the ideas of agency and constraint (Giddens), curricular structure (Bruner and Schwab), and knowledge and power in curriculum practice (Young). We also present the practical tool we used to select content for emphasis in a high-school government and politics course – an “advanced” course where selecting anything for emphasis is perceived as costly.
Status of the eastern Pacific agujon needlefish Tylosurus pacificusz (Steindachner, 1876) (Beloniformes: Belonidae)

Tylosurus pacificus (Steindachner, 1876) is confirmed to have full species rank based on: 1) sympatry with T. acus melanotus at Isla Gorgona and in Panama; 2) level of morphological differentiation in numbers of vertebrae, dorsal and anal fin rays; and 3) level of mtDNAdifferentiation. The eastern Pacific agujon needlefish is found from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.
Haemolysis in gel test for detecting bovine antibodies to Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide.

Optimal reagent parameters for a haemolysis in gel test for detection of bovine znti-Brucella abortus antibody were established. Using an alkali-treated crude lipopolysaccharide antigen attached to J-negative bovine erythrocytes, 0 · 125 mg of antigen, 0 · 1 ml of erythrocytes and 0 · 4 ml of guinea pig complement were required to perform 15 tests with appropriate serum controls. The haemolysis in gel test and an IgM radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure were compared for their ability to detect the onset of increased serum antibody levels and antibody levels in sera diluted to extinction. While the RIA was more sensitive in amount of antibody detected, the haemolysis in gel test was equally able to detect initiation of antibody synthesis.
Metatarsus varus corrected by open wedge osteotomy of the first cuneiform bone.

Summary The persistence of metatarsus adductus varus has been a problem in management. We have treated a series of selected patients with this problem and believe that our results have been better than with the procedure we have used in the past. Fowler has described a procedure which seems ideal for the patients in our series. Through personal communication the procedure and its application were discussed and the series was started eight years ago. Our series is small because our patients are responding to other forms of treatment at an earlier age. The few that do not respond are now considered for the operation described. The procedure is relatively simple to perform. Full correction should be obtained at the time of surgery. Casting is utilized to hold the correction and immobilize the extremity for healing. Our unsatisfactory results occurred because of errors in technique or poor selection of patients. We believe that this procedure should be considered in the older patient with metatarsus varus.
Right ventricular function during left heart bypass

Right heart failure may occur during mechanical support of the left ventricle (LV). Right ventricular (RV) functional changes were studied in eight dogs (26.9 +/- 1.4 kg) subjected to various degrees of left heart bypass (LHBP) with a roller pump. The venous return to the right atrium was controlled with a second pump. RV function was evaluated by peak RV developed pressure, its first derivative (dp/dt), and mean RA pressure measurements. Left atrial, LV, and aortic pressure and both roller pump flows were determined. Incremental increases in LHBP flow ratio ([LHBP flow x 100] divided by venous return flow) to 60%, 90%, and 100% were associated with decrements in RV dp/dt from the control of 212 +/- 17 torr/sec to 192 +/- 16, 178 +/- 16, and 168 +/- 13 torr/sec, respectively. Biventricular bypass or total cardiopulmonary bypass with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation seems to be indicated if LHBP flow ratio greater than 90% is required to maintain adequate body perfusion. Maximal LV decompression to obtain the greatest reduction of LV myocardial oxygen consumption may not be the ideal goal during LV mechanical assistance.
Axonemal Dynein Arms

Axonemal dyneins form the inner and outer rows of arms associated with the doublet microtubules of motile cilia. These enzymes convert the chemical energy released from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis into mechanical work by causing the doublets to slide with respect to each other. Dyneins form two major groups based on the number of heavy-chain motors within each complex. In addition, these enzymes contain other components that are required for assembly of the complete particles and/or for the regulation of motor function in response to phosphorylations status, ligands such as Ca2+, changes in cellular redox state and which also apparently monitor and respond to the mechanical state or curvature in which any given motor finds itself. It is this latter property, which is thought to result in waves of motor function propagating along the axoneme length. Here, I briefly describe our current understanding of axonemal dynein structure, assembly, and organization.
Mammalian Heart Regeneration: The Race to the Finish Line

A long-standing goal of cardiovascular scientists is to repair damaged hearts after myocardial infarction by overcoming the limited regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart. Many new strategies are being actively investigated for generating functional cardiomyocytes or progenitor cells. The race is on for the first demonstration of durable therapeutic heart repair in human. The classical paradigm that the adult mammalian heart is a postmitotic, terminally differentiated organ has been actively debated. Data from 14C dating studies have demonstrated a limited self-renewal capacity of the adult mammalian heart that declines with age.1 These repair processes are, however, insufficient to compensate for extensive cell loss occurring after acute or chronic cardiac injury. Therefore, investigators in cardiovascular regenerative medicine have actively explored different approaches to replace the postinfarct scar tissue with contractile muscle cells. Despite these efforts, a central question for the field of cardiac regenerative medicine remains: what strategy will take us to the finish line in this race to achieve complete heart regeneration? In this Viewpoint article, we comment on recent experimental and clinical approaches to regenerate the failing heart and highlight the urgent need to clarify the biology of cardiomyocyte (CM) development, growth, and maturation. The mammalian heart harbors multiple cell types that may be targeted in regenerative strategies. Conceptually, the most direct approach is to stimulate pre-existing CMs to re-enter the cell cycle. Alternatively, resident cardiomyogenic stem/progenitor cell populations have been described to differentiate directly into CMs. Although there are advantages and disadvantages to each approach, it is clear that both strategies have demonstrated early promises that require further improvement and independent validation in nonrodent models. ### Neonatal Heart The regenerative capacity of the neonatal mammalian heart seems to be greater than that of adult heart because of the presence of a short window of CM proliferative competence.2 Immediately …
Identification and sensitivity analysis of a correlated ground rule system (design arc)

We demonstrate a tool which can function as an interface between VLSI designers and process-technology engineers throughout the Design-Technology Co-optimization (DTCO) process. This tool uses a Monte Carlo algorithm on the output of lithography simulations to model the frequency of fail mechanisms on wafer. Fail mechanisms are defined according to process integration flow: by Boolean operations and measurements between original and derived shapes. Another feature of this design rule optimization methodology is the use of a Markov-Chain-based algorithm to perform a sensitivity analysis, the output of which may be used by process engineers to target key process-induced variabilities for improvement. This tool is used to analyze multiple Middle-Of-Line fail mechanisms in a 10nm inverter design and identify key process assumptions that will most strongly affect the yield of the structures. This tool and the underlying algorithm are also shown to be scalable to arbitrarily complex geometries in three dimensions. Such a characteristic which is becoming more important with the introduction of novel patterning technologies and more complex 3-D on-wafer structures.
On implementing an unconventional infant vital signs monitor with passive RFID tags

Enabling continuous and comfortable monitoring for newborn infants continues to remain a challenge. The circuitry and power required to monitor an infant's vital signs both with wired and wireless implementations are the main obstacles in realizing a seamless wearable infant monitor. In this paper, an unconventional battery-free and wireless infant heart and respiration rate monitor that uses passive RFID technology is proposed. Heart rate information is transmitted by turning an RFID tag on and off based on detection of heart beats and respiration rate is measured by monitoring the change in the received signal strength from the RFID tag due to respiratory activity. The system affords tremendous reduction in hardware and makes an integrated unobtrusive infant monitor possible. Such a monitor can contribute to reducing infant mortality by enabling continuous monitoring of potentially life threatening conditions like apnea and bradycardia.
Neuroscience of Addiction: Relevance to Prevention and Treatment

Addiction, the most severe form of substance use disorder, is a chronic brain disorder molded by strong biosocial factors that has devastating consequences to individuals and to society. Our understanding of substance use disorder has advanced significantly over the last 3 decades in part due to major progress in genetics and neuroscience research and to the development of new technologies, including tools to interrogate molecular changes in specific neuronal populations in animal models of substance use disorder, as well as brain imaging devices to assess brain function and neurochemistry in humans. These advances have illuminated the neurobiological processes through which biological and sociocultural factors contribute to resilience against or vulnerability for drug use and addiction. The delineation of the neurocircuitry disrupted in addiction, which includes circuits that mediate reward and motivation, executive control, and emotional processing, has given us an understanding of the aberrant behavior...
Contested lands and contentious lines: Land acquisition for the railways in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Delhi:

Through a focus on the acquisition of land for the railways in Delhi from 1860 to 1930, this article explores the variegated ways in which people could respond to the threat of forcible acquisition...
Cholestasis affects enteral tolerance and prospective weight gain in the NICU

Summary Background Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease is characterized by cholestasis and hepatic dysfunction due to parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy. We described key features of cholestatic infants receiving PN to assess overall outcomes in this population at our institution. Methods This is a retrospective single center study of 163 neonates grouped into cholestatic (n = 63) and non-cholestatic (n = 100) as defined by peak conjugated bilirubin of ≥2.0 mg/dL or Results Lower Apgar scores (4 ± 3 vs. 6 ± 3, p-value = Conclusions Cholestasis in the NICU is a multifactorial process, but it has a long lasting effect on prospective weight gain in infants who receive PN in the NICU. This finding highlights the importance of follow-up for adequate growth and the potential benefit from aggressive nutritional support.
Assessment and Clinical Relevance of Serum IL-19 Levels in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis Using a Sensitive and Specific Novel Immunoassay

Because development of reliable biomarkers in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis has lagged behind therapeutic progress, we created a blood-based test to fill the void in objective methods available for dermatological assessments. Our novel interleukin-19 (IL-19) immunoassay was initially tested to determine concentrations of IL-19 serum levels, then correlated with the psoriasis activity and severity index (PASI) in psoriasis, and the eczema area and severity index (EASI) in atopic dermatitis. Not only was IL-19 increased in psoriasis and correlated to PASI, but ixekizumab administration led to rapid, sustained IL-19 decreases to normal levels, with decreases at 2-weeks correlating with PASI improvement at 16-weeks. IL-19 increased upon ixekizumab withdraw, prior to relapse, and decreased following re-treatment. In baricitinib- and etanercept-treated psoriasis patients, IL-19 decreases also correlated with improvement. Many patients with limited skin disease, including genital psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients, also had increased IL-19, which was reduced to normal levels upon ixekizumab treatment, correlating with PASI improvement. We also measured IL-19 in baricitinib-treated atopic dermatitis patients. In atopic dermatitis, IL-19 was significantly elevated, correlated with EASI scores, and decreased with skin improvement. Therefore, measurement of serum IL-19 provides clinicians with an objective disease-activity assessment tool for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients.
Casual Microtasking: Embedding Microtasks in Facebook

Microtasks enable people with limited time and context to contribute to a larger task. In this paper we explore casual microtasking, where microtasks are embedded into other primary activities so that they are available to be completed when convenient. We present a casual microtasking experience that inserts writing microtasks from an existing microwriting tool into the user's Facebook feed. From a two-week deployment of the system with nine people, we observe that casual microtasking enabled participants to get things done during their breaks, and that they tended to do so only after first engaging with Facebook's social content. Participants were most likely to complete the writing microtasks during periods of the day associated with low focus, and would occasionally use them as a springboard to open the original document in Word. These findings suggest casual microtasking can help people leverage spare micromoments to achieve meaningful micro-goals, and even encourage them to return to work.
Are Big Five Traits and Facets Associated With Anchoring Susceptibility

Anchoring, the assimilation of judgments to previously considered values, is one of the most robust findings in psychology, and researchers have been increasingly interested in finding individual difference moderators of anchoring effects. Several investigations have examined the relation between Big Five traits and anchoring susceptibility, but previous studies have produced a confusing and contradictory pattern of results. We identify limitations of previous work and report a large preregistered study (N = 945) to test whether Big Five traits and facets relate to anchoring. We find no significant relations between any traits or facets and anchoring susceptibility. We discuss the implications of our results and future directions for research on individual differences in anchoring susceptibility.
Collaborating Towards Humanizing Pedagogies: Culture Circles in Teacher Educator Preparation

ABSTRACTThis paper describes how we, a group of 7 emerging teacher educators, took up a critical inquiry framework to collaboratively generate knowledge through dialogic reflection on practice acro...
Urban form and transportation energy consumption

Abstract Transportation energy is a significant portion of the energy consumption of the US economy. While various policies such as changing the fuel mix and alternative fuels are proposed to make the system more efficient, the efficacy of land use policies such as changing the urban form and densification have been subject to considerable debate. In this paper, I use a rich dataset compiled from different sources to test the effectiveness of urban form on energy consumption in the transportation sector. I proxy the consumption with retail sales from gas stations for most of the conterminous United States at a county level. Using demographic, economic and landscape characteristics, I tease out the effect of different dimensions of urban form on energy consumption. I find that compact and contiguous urban form is modestly associated with lower energy consumption and is more important than demographic concentration in explaining the variance.
How Useful Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluating Adverse Local Tissue Reaction

Abstract Biologic failures of hip arthroplasty have emerged as an increasing threat to the longevity of the prosthesis. While wear of modern-day bearings has been greatly reduced with the advent of cross-linked polyethylene, local reaction to metal particles either from the bearing itself or to any of the modular tapers appears to be on the rise. Monitoring of these reactions by the use of plain radiographs or serum markers appears to be insufficient to gauge the gravity of the response. Over the past decade, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques has emerged as the superior noninvasive instrument to assess the extent of soft tissue reaction around hip implants. The use of MRI around implants was initially challenging due to the presence of relatively high ferrous metals especially cobalt which causes local distortion of the magnetic fields. Novel changes in pulse sequencing have greatly improved the sensitivity and specificity of MRI so that at this time, MR is the most predictive diagnostic tool in evaluating the extent of tissue destruction. We feel strongly that modern MRI techniques are the most important tool in the workup of the patient suspected of having an adverse tissue reaction after hip arthroplasty.
Airbnb and VRBO: the impact of short-term tourist rentals on residential property pricing

The contemporary phenomenon of Airbnb, VRBO and peer-to-peer home sharing markets has generated considerable controversy regarding positive and negative community impacts. Our study examines the ec...
Broadband Frequency Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy with Heterodyne Demodulation

We demonstrate heterodyne demodulation of Frequency Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (FD-DOS) over a broad frequency range (50 - 400 MHz), for single distance estimation of tissue optical properties.
Advancing Our Pharmacy Reformation - Accelerating Education and Practice Transformation: Report of the 2019-2020 Argus Commission.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Argus Commission examined changes that should be considered by colleges and schools of pharmacy to meet the bold aim of better integrating pharmacists’ and physicians’ practices articulated by President Sorensen. The Commission assessed the readiness of pharmacy educators to contribute to the acceleration of practice transformation. The primary focus of the report is on how the doctor of pharmacy curriculum and post-graduate training might be modified and better aligned to ensure that graduates complete their education ready to engage in roles partnered with primary care clinicians. The aim is to achieve comprehensive medication management and other pharmacist patient care services as standards of care. The Argus Commission provides preliminary recommendations for new or more intensified priorities by the 2020-21 AACP Strategic Planning Committee as they update the AACP plan. This includes the recommendation that AACP should create the Center for Academic Innovation and Practice Transformation, a hub to coordinate many current and emerging activities relevant to accelerating change in pharmacy education and practice.
Eigenfunction orthogonality for one-dimensional acoustic systems with interior or end point conditions

Some common exercises presented in introductory acoustics courses and texts illustrate solutions involving eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Challenging extensions of these, even for one-dimensional (1D) systems, might involve a mass or spring loading the acoustic medium at an end point or at an interior point. These problems might be extended further by requiring that some given function be expanded in a series of the eigenfunctions, but such extended problems may lead to unexpected complications in regard to eigenfunction orthogonality. In this paper, Sturm-Liouville theory is used to develop a systematic method for predetermining eigenfunction orthogonality for 1D systems loaded at end points or interior points or having properties that change with jump discontinuities.
Nutritional modulation of heart failure in mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-deficient mice

The myocardium is metabolically flexible; however, impaired flexibility is associated with cardiac dysfunction in conditions including diabetes and heart failure. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complex, composed of MPC1 and MPC2, is required for pyruvate import into the mitochondria. Here we show that MPC1 and MPC2 expression is downregulated in failing human and mouse hearts. Mice with cardiac-specific deletion of Mpc2 (CS-MPC2−/−) exhibited normal cardiac size and function at 6 weeks old, but progressively developed cardiac dilation and contractile dysfunction, which was completely reversed by a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet. Diets with higher fat content, but enough carbohydrate to limit ketosis, also improved heart failure, while direct ketone body provisioning provided only minor improvements in cardiac remodelling in CS-MPC2−/− mice. An acute fast also improved cardiac remodelling. Together, our results reveal a critical role for mitochondrial pyruvate use in cardiac function, and highlight the potential of dietary interventions to enhance cardiac fat metabolism to prevent or reverse cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in the setting of MPC deficiency. Impaired myocardial metabolic flexibility is associated with cardiac dysfunction in diabetes and heart failure. McCommis et al. reveal a critical role for mitochondrial pyruvate use in cardiac function, and use dietary interventions to enhance cardiac fat metabolism in dilated cardiomyopathy.
A Self-Study on Teaching Integrated STEM Education to K-12 Science and Mathematics Teachers

In this study, a science teacher educator conducted a self-study when teaching an integrated STEM methods course to improve her practice and understanding of teaching integrated STEM, as well as how to facilitate K-12 teachers’ development in this domain. The engineering design activities, the use of different instructional models, visiting a STEM middle school, and extended period of collaboration in creating an integrated STEM unit were crucial in facilitating students’ understandings of integrated STEM education. Students have developed more elaborated understandings about engineering, technology and the relationships among the STEM disciplines, personal and practical ways of integrating STEM with an emphasis on explicit content integration and meaningful context. The science educator (author)‘s evolved conceptions of teaching integrated STEM were presented, and the implications for teacher professional development of integrated STEM education were discussed.
Reef environments shape microbial partners in a highly connected coral population

Corals from more thermally variable environments often fare better under thermal stress compared to those from less thermally variable environments, an important finding given that ocean warming threatens corals worldwide. Evidence is mounting that thermal tolerance can be attributed to the coral itself, as well as microbial communities present within the holobiont (coral host and its associated microorganisms). However, few studies have characterized how thermally variable environments structure multiple holobiont members in situ. Here, using 2b-RAD sequencing of the coral and metabarcoding of algal (ITS2) and bacterial (16S) communities, we show evidence that reef zones (locales differing in proximity to shore, physical characteristics, and environmental variability) structure algal and bacterial communities at different scales within a highly connected coral population (Acropora hyacinthus) in French Polynesia. Fore reef (more stable) algal communities were on average more diverse than the back reef (more variable), suggesting that variability constrains algal diversity. In contrast, microbial communities were structured on smaller scales with site-specific indicator species and enriched functions across reef zones. Our results illuminate how associations with unique microbial communities can depend on spatial scale across highly dispersive coral populations, which may have fitness consequences in thermally divergent regions and rapidly changing oceans.
Compact Wideband Dual-Polarized In-Band Full-Duplex Antenna Subsystem

A compact, wideband, circulator-less, quasi-monostatic, and dual circularly polarized simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) antenna subsystem is presented. The configuration consists of a sequentially rotated array (SRA) of four combined TEM horn-loop antennas for transmitting (TX) and a four-arm sinuous antenna for receiving (RX). The sinuous antenna is placed at the center of the SRA and both are excited with 2 (inputs) $\times 4$ (outputs) Butler matrix beamforming networks (BFNs). Due to the geometrical symmetry and applied excitation, any self-interfering TX signal is canceled at the co-polarized receiving port leading to high TX/RX isolation. Practically, the achieved isolation is limited by the geometrical and electrical asymmetries attributed to the fabrication, assembly, and BFN imbalances. The dual-polarization is achieved by exciting the proper ports of the BFNs. The mechanically robust radome-enclosed prototype is tested and measured with a self-interference cancellation above 40 dB recorded across the bandwidth of 0.8–3 GHz. Acceptable gain, axial ratio, and symmetric beams are obtained over all four ports. The overall compact size and high-isolation ultrawideband operation make the proposed antenna subsystem feasible candidate for many practical STAR systems.
Gettier in a Court of Law

The “Gettier Problem” has perplexed philosophers for decades. The Gettier problem is offered as evidence that justified true belief cannot be a sufficient definition for knowledge because one could have a belief that was justified and that was in fact true but it turns out that the justification was based on false empirical data. An incredible amount of literature had been generated by the problem. Some researchers conclude that it is an intractable problem and others that it is not. However, a simple methodology to unpack the solution to the problem has not been articulated. This article will propose to use the setting of a witness in a court of law to elucidate the logical flaws in the Gettier problem. The federal Rules of Evidence and the evidentiary basis for legal rulings on various aspects of a witness’ testimony will elucidate the problem and the solution to the problem in a simple and clear fashion. This is a bold claim but, if it is effective, it will result in the conclusion that the problem is not based on a failure in the definition of knowledge as justified true belief but that the Gettier problem itself unwittingly employs a subtle shift in the meaning of terms. In other words, by putting claims of belief in a courtroom setting, light is shed on what counts as belief and what counts as knowledge which, in turn, will illustrate the nature of the shift in meanings between the two.
DMA-tudor interaction modules control the specificity of in vivo condensates

Summary Biomolecular condensation is a widespread mechanism of cellular compartmentalization. Because the "survival of motor neuron protein" (SMN) is implicated in the formation of three different membraneless organelles (MLOs), we hypothesized that SMN promotes condensation. Unexpectedly, we found that SMN's globular tudor domain was sufficient for dimerization-induced condensation in vivo, whereas its two intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) were not. Binding to dimethylarginine (DMA) modified protein ligands was required for condensate formation by the tudor domains in SMN and at least seven other fly and human proteins. Remarkably, asymmetric versus symmetric DMA determined whether two distinct nuclear MLOs—gems and Cajal bodies—were separate or "docked" to one another. This substructure depended on the presence of either asymmetric or symmetric DMA as visualized with sub-diffraction microscopy. Thus, DMA-tudor interaction modules—combinations of tudor domains bound to their DMA ligand(s)—represent versatile yet specific regulators of MLO assembly, composition, and morphology.
The Impact of Assay Design on Medicinal Chemistry: Case Studies.

A diverse range of biochemical and cellular assays are used by medicinal chemists to guide compound optimization. The data collected from these assays influence decisions taken on structure-activit...
Measuring Securities Market Efficiency in the Regulatory Setting

In the "Aircraft Carrier," the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) proposed changes in federal securities disclosure requirements in an attempt to enhance and facilitate the process of issuing new securities. Under the proposed regulatory regime, the registration process would be simplified so that many larger, more experienced issuers would be able to use a new, shorter registration statement called Form B (as opposed to the more extensive Form A) whenever they sell securities to the public. To qualify to use Form B, a company with at least twelve months reporting history under the Exchange Act must either have a public float of $75 million or more and an average daily trading volume (ADTV) of $1 million or more, or have a public float of $250 million or more. In this paper, we argue that the SEC's study of capital market efficiency employs too broad a definition of what constitutes "an analyst" who represents an important conduit for information between a company and its investors. We adjust the definition of an analyst to more accurately reflect only those analysts whose research effectively disseminates information to investors in the market (sell-side analysts) and find that the proposed numerical cutoffs for the use of Form B are set much too low to insure adequate analyst following. This finding is consistent with evidence we present that a substantial percentage of companies eligible to use Form B have low levels of institutional investor shareholdings. Based on a sample of companies whose stock price was greater than $1.00 on 12/31/99, we find that 3,413 (43.3%) of firms in the sample qualify to file Form B using the SEC's proposed numerical cutoffs. Using First Call's consensus earnings estimate service, we examine the analyst following of firms that have a market capitalization greater than $250 million and find that 26.1% of these firms have less than three analysts compared to the 5.0% reported by the SEC. We also examine the SEC's second criteria (market capitalization greater than $75 million and average daily trading volume (ADTV) of $1 million) and find that 38.1% of companies have less than three analysts compared to the 14.0% reported by the SEC. We argue that equity or sell-side analyst following represents an important source of information to investors and should be considered when establishing criteria for relaxed reporting requirements when companies issue securities.
Developmental Theory: A Yardstick for Ethnic Minority Content

Abstract Knowledge pertaining to ethnicity and culture within the social work curriculum is incorporated currently on a fragmented basis. Often this knowledge is presented from the narrow view of personality theory. Oversimplifications and gross generalizations of cultural variables of ethnic minority groups are present. This paper presents three significant theoretical constructs from developmental theory—the societal-institutional facet, the group-interactional facet and the individual-psychological facet—as a framework to aid in the identification and incorporation of ethnic minority content within the social work curriculum.
SEMISYNTHESIS OF K+ CHANNELS

The ability to selectively conduct K(+) ions is central to the function of K(+) channels. Selection for K(+) and rejection of Na(+) takes place in a conserved structural element referred to as the selectivity filter. The selectivity filter consists of four K(+)-specific ion binding sites that are created using predominantly the backbone carbonyl oxygen atoms. Due to the involvement of the protein backbone, experimental manipulation of the ion binding sites in the selectivity filter is not possible using traditional site directed mutagenesis. The limited suitability of the site-directed mutagenesis for studies on the selectivity filter has motivated the development of a semisynthesis approach, which enables the use of chemical synthesis to manipulate the selectivity filter. In this chapter, we describe the protocols that are presently used in our laboratory for the semisynthesis of the bacterial K(+) channel, KcsA. We show the introduction of a spectroscopic probe into the KcsA channel using semisynthesis. We also review previous applications of semisynthesis in investigations of K(+) channels. While the protocols described in this chapter are for the KcsA K(+) channel, we anticipate that similar protocols will also be applicable for the semisynthesis of other integral membrane proteins.
Structure of Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium I. LINKAGE BETWEEN O SIDE CHAINS AND R CORE

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide of wild type Salmonella typhimurium is believed to contain O side chains, whose reducing terminal sugar, galactose, is linked to the R core. Two oligosaccharides were isolated by periodate oxidation, NaBH4 reduction, and mild acid hydrolysis of such a lipopolysaccharide. They were also isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a mutant synthesizing very short O side chains each containing only one "repeat unit," but not from that of a mutant totally lacking O side chains. The degradation of a lipopolysaccharide, which was synthesized partially in vitro and contained 14C only in the reducing terminal galactose residue of the O side chain, also resulted in the isolation of these two oligosaccharides, labeled with 14C. These results indicate that the oligosaccharides were derived from the linkage region between the O side chain and R core. Moreover, one of the oligosaccharides was identified as O-d-galactosyl-O-d-glucosyl-(1 → 2)-glyceraldehyde; the other appeared to be a cyclic acetal formed from the former oligosaccharide and glycerol. These and other results show that the reducing terminal galactose of O side chains is not linked to the nonreducing terminal sugar of the R core, i.e. N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, but to a glucose residue within the R core, through a 1 → 4 linkage if the sugars are in pyranose forms. This glucose in turn is linked, through a 1 → 2 linkage, to a galactose residue in the R core.
Building and using a hierarchical representation of space

We describe a computational model of spatial navigation based on experimental studies conducted with human subjects. The model builds and uses a hierarchical cognitive map of a large environment. Computer simulations show that the model correctly describes experimental results including hierarchical organization of space and distance estimation. In addition, the model predicts that the relation between reaction time and distance estimation is nonlinear.
Contracting for Financial Privacy: The Rights of Banks and Customers Under the Reauthorized Patriot Act

The 2001 Patriot Act chipped away financial privacy protections by allowing law enforcement authorities easier access to bank customer records. Under the Patriot Act, federal authorities may access customer records by issuing formal subpoena-like requests under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (“FISA”) or informal national security letters (“NSLs”) to banks while prohibiting notice to any affected customers. However, the 2006 revisions to the Patriot Act permit banks to challenge FISA requests and NSLs in federal court before releasing customer records. While the Act does not require banks to make these challenges on behalf of their customers, this Article will argue that the contracts banks sign with their customers—interpreted in light of the banking tradition of confidentiality and the current regime of federal and state privacy protections—obligate banks to review government requests for customer records and file challenges when appropriate. Furthermore, I will argue that banks and customers should be able to enter into contracts explicitly obligating banks to challenge FISA requests and NSLs and that such contracts would be enforceable and financially feasible. *Aditi Prabhu graduated from Harvard College in 2004 with an A.B. in Biology and from Yale Law School in 2007. PRABHU_FINALAUTHORREV.DOC 11/20/2007 9:54:15 AM 52 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal [Vol. 39 ABSTRACT 51 51
Restructuring the vocal fold lamina propria with endoscopic microdissection.

Objectives/Hypothesis The purposes of this preclinical study were to investigate histologic and rheologic outcomes of Microendoscopy of Reinke's space (MERS)-guided minithyrotomy and to assess its instrumentation. Study Design Human cadaveric and in vivo animal study. Methods Three human cadaveric larynges were treated with MERS-guided placement of Radiesse VoiceGel and immediately evaluated histologically for biomaterial location. In the second part of this investigation, two scarred porcine larynges were treated with MERS-guided placement of HyStem-VF and rheologically evaluated 6 weeks later. Student t tests determined differences in viscoelastic properties of treated/untreated vocal folds. Sialendoscopes and microendoscopes were subjectively compared for their visualization capacity. Results MERS imaged the subepithelial area and vocal ligament, guiding both tissue dissection and biomaterial positioning. Sialendoscopes provided adequate visualization and feature incorporated working channels. Enhanced image clarity was created in a gas-filled rather than saline-filled environment, per rater judgment. Histological analysis revealed desirable biomaterial positioning with MERS. Per rheological analysis, viscoelastic properties of the MERS-treated porcine vocal folds compared to uninjured vocal folds 6 weeks following treatment did not statistically differ. Conclusions MERS-guided laryngoplasty using sialendoscopes yielded satisfactory biomaterial positioning in the short-term and normalized rheologic tissue properties in the long-term, contributing to proof of concept for MERS in the treatment of scarring. Strengths of MERS include direct, real-time visualization of Reinke's space and an ability to manipulate surgical instruments parallel to the vocal fold edge while maintaining an intact epithelium. Future work will explore the clinical utility of MERS for addressing scarring, sulcus vocalis, and other intracordal processes. Level of Evidence N/A Laryngoscope, 123:2780–2786, 2013