cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thyroid‐derived epithelial cells acquire alloantigen‐presenting capabilities following X‐irradiation and class II antigen induction

This work was undertaken to further define the antigen-presenting capabilities of thyroid epithelial cells, as this is of paramount importance with regard to their potential to trigger autoimmune thyroiditis. For this purpose we developed the murine cloned thyroid-derived epithelial cell line M.5 which, as previously reported, could be induced to express class II antigens with interferon (IFN)-gamma, but failed to stimulate a primary mixed leukocyte reaction. We now show that M.5 cells acquired alloantigen-presenting function, under conditions in which their replication was arrested by X-irradiation, during a 4-day period of exposure to UV-inactivated reovirus, or to IFN-gamma, for induction of class II antigens. The allostimulatory function by M.5 cells could not be explained on the basis of enhanced class II antigen expression, as equivalent numbers of M.5 cells, irradiated after the 4-day exposure to reovirus, or to IFN-gamma, expressed higher amounts of class II antigens, but did not stimulate a primary mixed leukocyte reaction. Early X-irradiation appeared to induce in the class II-expressing M.5 cells a co-stimulatory signal needed for T cell proliferation, similar to that otherwise provided by phorbol esters in this system. Preservation of alloantigen-presenting function by M.5 cells following fixation indicated that this co-stimulatory activity did not reside in a soluble molecule. We surmise that M.5 epithelial cells must provide a least two signals in order to be able to stimulate lymphocyte populations. Consequently, the mode and conditions of epithelial cell activation may determine whether these cells acquire the capacity to serve as antigen-presenting cells, and ultimately whether or not they are able to induce autoimmune disease.
Using the Psid to Study the Effects of School Spending

Many studies have examined the effects of school spending on educational attainment, and the results have been mixed. Unfortunately, most of these studies have had limited information about the family and neighborhood characteristics that may affect a student's educational attainment. This articles uses a unique data set that adds school-level data from the Common Core of Data to the rich source of family and neighborhood information of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. It is found that school spending is positively related to the likelihood a student will graduate from high school and attend college and to the student's years of schooling. In addition, the results for high school graduation are sensitive to the inclusion of variables often not available in previous studies, suggesting that omitted-variables bias may result in studies concluding that money does not matter when, indeed, school spending is important.
Heavy metal removal by caustic-treated yeast immobilized in alginate

Abstract Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast biomass was heated in 0.75 M NaOH at 70–90°C for 10–15 min to increase its biosorption for heavy metals, and then immobilized in alginate gel. Biosorption for Cu2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ on alginate gel, native yeast, native yeast immobilized in alginate gel, and caustic-treated yeast immobilized in alginate gel, were all compared. Immobilized yeasts (native yeast and caustic-treated yeast) could be reactivated and reused in a manner similar to ion-exchange resins. Immobilized caustic-treated yeast has high heavy metal biosorption capacity and high metal removal efficiency over a rather wide pH region. The biosorption isotherm of immobilized caustic-treated yeast was studied and empirical equations were obtained. The initial pH of polluted water affected the metal removal efficiency in extreme pH regions, and the biosorption capacity almost remained constant over a wide pH range. The equilibrium biosorption appeared to be temperature independent in the range from 7°C to 45°C at low initial metal concentration.
Design of nonlinear compensators for nonlinear systems by an extended linearization technique

A disadvantage of nonlinear system design by linearization about a constant operating point is that the characteristics of the linearized closed-loop system will change with changes in the operating point. This paper introduces an approach to design of a nonlinear output-feedback controller such that the linearized closed-loop system has specified pole locations that are insensitive to changes in the closed-loop operating point to a specified order.
The sexual behavior of married Mexican immigrant men in North Carolina.

Abstract In the southern United States, North Carolina has attracted an unprecedented influx of Hispanic immigrants in the 1990s. Detailed data on the sexual behavior of these recent immigrants are lacking. This exploratory study used two methods, a survey and qualitative interviews. For both methods, participants were recruited using convenience sampling. All study participants were first-generation Mexican immigrants who had lived in North Carolina for at least six consecutive months. The survey, administered face-to-face, explored the sexual attitudes and behavior of 43 married Mexican men living in North Carolina. The qualitative interviews, conducted with men ( n =20) and women ( n =19), explored immigrants' perceptions of extramarital sex and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The study's results suggest that the sexual behavior of ‘unaccompanied’ married Mexican immigrant men, living alone in North Carolina, differs, at least in degree if not in kind, from that of ‘accompanied’ married men, residing in the state with their wives. Unaccompanied men who participated in the survey reported more lifetime sexual partners, more partners in the previous year, more extramarital partners and more contact with prostitutes than accompanied survey respondents. The qualitative interviews suggest that unaccompanied men's peculiar status as ‘single’ men in North Carolina may provide them with both motive and opportunity to have extramarital sexual relationships and that few married Mexican men and women perceive STDs as relevant to their lives. Overall, the study supports the need for male- and couple-focused STD prevention interventions for Hispanic immigrants.
An improved model for force transients in turning

An improved model for force transients in turning is introduced to incorporate the geometry of the cut, as well as plowing at the cutting edge and rubbing of the flank wear land against the workpiece surface. This model is compared experimentally with the existing force models and is shown to provide an accurate representation of the force transients.
A comparative trial of laparoscopic magnetic sphincter augmentation and Nissen fundoplication.

Background Laparoscopic magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) with the LINX device is a promising new therapy for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Initial studies have demonstrated MSA to be safe and effective. However, no direct comparison between MSA and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF), the gold standard surgical therapy for GERD, has been performed.
Rapid Desensitization and Uncoupling of Human β-Adrenergic Receptors in an in Vitro Model of Lactic Acidosis*

Abstract Adrenergic responsiveness in many tissues may be impaired in the presence of lactic acidosis. The purpose of this study was to examine how human neutrophil β2-adrenergic receptors may be altered in an in vitro model of lactic acidosis. Receptor coupling was assessed by constructing curves for the competition of isoproterenol with [125I]iodocyanopindolol for β-adrenergic receptors. Receptors were exposed to control (2 mM lactate, pH 7.4), lactic acidosis (16 mM lactate, pH 7.1), lactate excess (16 mM lactate, pH 7.4), and low pH (2 mM lactate, pH 7.1) conditions. Prior exposure of 0-adrenergic receptors on whole cells to lactic acidosis resulted in a 61% reduction in isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation (P < 0.05). This desensitization was not accompanied by down-regulation. After exposure to lactic acidosis, β-adrenergic receptors were uncoupled sufficiently that a high affinity state could not be detected. Both lactate excess and low pH were necessary to fully express the desensitization a...
Effect of decontamination on aging processes and considerations for life extension

Abstract The basis for a recently initiated program on the chemical decontamination of nuclear reactor components and the possible impact of decontamination on extended-life service is described. The incentives for extending life beyond the present 40-year limit are discussed, and the possible aging degradation processes that may be accentuated in extended-life service are summarized. Chemical decontamination processes for nuclear plant primary systems are reviewed with respect to their corrosive effects on structural alloys, particularly those in the aged condition. Available experience with chemical cleaning processes for the secondary side of pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generators is also considered. Overall, no severe materials corrosion problems have been found that would preclude the use of these chemical processes, but concerns are raised with respect to corrosion-related problems that may develop during extended service.
The Dynamics of Interhemispheric Collaboration and Hemispheric Control

This article reviews recent models of how the two hemispheres collaborate to facilitate efficient information processing. The strengths and weaknesses of behavioral techniques and structural and functional neuroimaging techniques are considered as they apply to these problems. The role of the corpus callosum as an equilibrator of activation between the two hemispheres is discussed and linked with its role as a dynamic modulator for the mobilization of hemispheric resources. Issues related to metacontrol and dynamic fluctuations in hemispheric control are also considered.
Infection control challenges in child-care centers.

Current social and economic factors have resulted in increasing numbers of children attending child-care facilities outside of the home. In the United States over 13 million children less than 5 years of age and 60% of children less than 13 years of age are enrolled in some form of out-of-home child care. 85,108 Children attending out-of-home care settings are at increased risk for a variety of infections. 25,62,79,88 The incidence of respiratory tract infections, diarrheal disease, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A, and bacterial meningitis is higher in children cared for outside of the home. 54,88 Increased rates of infections result in increased morbidity of children attending child-care facilities and significant economic impact because of loss of work and cost of medical care. These costs have been estimated at 1.8 billion dollars per year in the United States. 47 Parents of children attending child-care facilities miss from 1 to 4 weeks of work per year caring for ill children. 28 Increased risk for infections in child-care settings is of public health significance because of potential transmission to adult contacts and dissemination into the community. 88 Infections acquired in child-care settings that are mild or asymptomatic in children may be severe in adults. 85
Calculating a confidence interval on the sum of binned leakage

Abstract Calculating the expected number of misclassified outcomes is a standard problem of particular interest for rare-event searches. The Clopper–Pearson method allows calculation of classical confidence intervals on the amount of misclassification if data are all drawn from the same binomial probability distribution. However, data is often better described by breaking it up into several bins, each represented by a different binomial distribution. We describe and provide an algorithm for calculating a classical confidence interval on the expected total number of misclassified events from several bins, based on calibration data with the same probability of misclassification on a bin-by-bin basis. Our method avoids a computationally intensive multidimensional search by introducing a Lagrange multiplier and performing standard root finding. This method has only quadratic time complexity as the number of bins, and produces confidence intervals that are only slightly conservative.
Oxygen evolution coupled to reduction of manganipyrophosphate ion by illuminated spinach chloroplasts.

Abstract Manganipyrophosphate ion serves as a Hill oxidant and supports O2 evolution by illuminated spinach chloroplasts. Manganipyrophosphate is reduced in a reaction stoichiometric with O2 evolution in the usual manner. ATP formation accompanies the reaction, although low values for ATP/2 equiv reduced are obtained. The average value from ten experiments was 0.26. The rate of manganipyrophosphate reduction is only slightly less than the rate of Fe(CN)63− reduction in a corresponding system. Manganipyrophosphate ion accepts electrons from the illuminated chloroplast and does not function by virtue of its ability to decompose H2O2 which could be formed by chloroplasts using O2 as an electron acceptor in a Mehler reaction.
A comparison of smoking and drinking among Asian and white schoolchildren in Glasgow

A self-completion questionnaire survey of 385 Asian and white schoolchildren, aged 13 to 16 years, was conducted at three Glasgow schools, and a number of health and social issues were studied. The aims of this study included not only the provision of baseline data on smoking and drinking, and general health and social issues among schoolchildren, but was also to examine the implications for health education and health services. The response rate was 362/385 (94%) and important differences were observed between the two groups. In particular, Asians were less likely to smoke or drink, and their attitudes towards these drugs were, broadly, negative. However, it is emphasised that the Asian community in Britain is heterogeneous and the data from Glasgow cannot be mechanistically extrapolated to other Asian communities in Britain. The results of the study provided information on the beliefs, attitudes and behaviour of Glasgow schoolchildren and gave new data on their drinking and smoking habits, especially of Asians . Health education needs to take into account ethnic differences among schoolchildren as part of a broad, materialist approach rather than an individual-based behaviouralist approach to health education.
WiMAX-WiFi unified network architecture, security, and mobility

In this paper, we focus on how WiMAX can be used in an enterprise environment under the assumption that a WiMAX network can be hosted by enterprise, together with existing WiFi networks. Three research questions naturally arise when we consider an enterprise wireless infrastructure built with WiMAX and WiFi - what an integrated wireless network architecture would look like, if it is possible to derive a unified security model for such an integrated network, and how unified seamless handoff can be realized between WiMAX and WiFi to support roaming of enterprise users. We will discuss these questions in detail based on our investigation in our research and present the results we have come up with so far.
Groups with Polar Characteristics Can Locate at Both Shallow and Deep Locations in Membranes: The Behavior of Dansyl and Related Probes†

To understand the relationship between the chemical structure of polar molecules and their membrane location, the behavior of dansyl (dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonyl) and related polar fluorescent probes was examined. The depth of these probes in lipid bilayers was determined by parallax analysis of fluorescence quenching [Chattopadhyay and London (1987) Biochemistry 26, 39−45; Abrams & London, Biochemistry (1993) 32, 10826−10831]. Quenching was measured for dansyl groups: (1) attached to the polar headgroup of PE, (2) linked to an alkyl chain, (3) attached to the end of a fatty acyl chain, and (4) attached to the polar headgroup of PE via a spacer group. In all cases, the dansyl probes located in the polar headgroup region, 19−21 A from the bilayer center. This shows the dansyl group has a strong tendency to seek a shallow location in the polar headgroup region. The only exception to this pattern was in the case of a dialkylated dansyl, for which two populations were observed. One population was at the...
Computer based evaluation of clinical skills.

Computers have the potential to evaluate clinical skills in innovative and economical ways. Since no single program can accomplish the complete evaluation, faculty members need to develop strategies to match the desired skill which is to be evaluated with available computer programs. Additionally, the systems should produce information that is not available in equal quality from other sources, should be cost effective, and be relatively easy to create and maintain. This paper describes a medical simulation CAMPS, a multiple choice question generator, PILOT language based interactions and imaging systems as potential evaluation programs. Experience with CAMPS is described in detail indicating its usefulness and limitations.
Effects of atmosphere on laser vaporization and excitation processes of solid samples

Abstract Effects of atmosphere on the laser vaporization and excitation processes were investigated with spectral measurements and with the direct measurement of vaporized weight of samples. The samples, metals and ceramics, were positioned in three different atmospheres, i.e. air, argon and helium, from atmospheric pressure to a pressure reduced to a few torr. The time-resolved emission intensities of the Fe I lines and the Al I lines of the Al alloy and Al metal samples were measured in two time windows, i.e. 0–1 μs and 1 μs-1 ms. The excitation temperatures and the electron number densities of the plasmas were also estimated. The emission spectra, the excitation temperatures, and the electron densities were shown to be appreciably influenced by the ambient atmosphere. The amount of sample vaporized which was measured directly with an electric micro-balance after irradiation by 500 laser shots changed considerably with the atmosphere, e.g. from 12 ng pulse at atmospheric pressure to 330 ng pulse at 10 torr in argon. The results are discussed in the scope of the possibility of ambient gas breakdown before sample vaporization and a change in the laser radiation coupling to the solid surface. It is revealed that the control of the interaction between laser radiation and plasmas and the prevention of the preceding gas breakdown are important for effective laser vaporization and for the emission measurement of the plasmas. The sample characteristics also influence the initiation stage of the plasmas and the effects from the atmosphere.
Orbital Compression Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease

Background: Orbital complications are an uncommonly reported finding in sickle cell disease. Methods: The authors review the reported orbital manifestations of sickle cell disease and discuss a patient with hemoglobin sickle β° thalassemia in whom rapidly progressive bilateral orbital compression developed. Results: Computed tomography of the orbits in a patient with fever, headache, orbital swelling, and optic nerve dysfunction displayed bilateral superior subperiosteal cystic masses. Surgical exploration showed bilateral liquefied hematomas, which were evacuated. Recovery was complete 13 days after surgery. A mild recurrence 14 months later resolved with conservative treatment. The literature contains 11 reports of 16 young patients with sickle cell disease (15 sickle cell disease [Hb SS] and 1 hemoglobin sickle cell disease [Hb SC]) with rapidly developing findings ranging from frontal headache, fever, and eyelid edema to bilateral complete orbital compression syndrome. Including our patient, 60% had orbital hemorrhage on computed tomography. Ten of 12 patients tested were found to have orbital bone marrow infarctions. Sixteen of 17 patients had complete recovery; 13 were treated conservatively and 4 surgically. Only 2 of 17 had recurrence. Conclusions: Orbital complications in sickle cell disease are unusual manifestations in which a vaso-occlusive process in the marrow space around the orbit results in frontal headache, fever, eyelid edema, and often orbital compression syndrome. Subperiosteal hematomas are common and appear to result from bone marrow infarctions. Appropriate management requires a thorough evaluation to exclude other hemorrhagic, infectious or neoplastic processes, as well as vigilant ophthalmic monitoring. Supportive care is effective, unless optic nerve dysfunction or large hematomas are present, which would indicate that surgical evacuation is warranted to prevent loss of vision and to speed recovery.
Cleistogamy: A tool for the study of floral morphogenesis, function and evolution

Cleistogamy—the production of open (chasmogamous—CH) and closed (cleistogamous—CL) floral forms by a species—is widespread among the angiosperms. While the CL flower is autogamous, the CH flower may provide a means for outcrossing. The term “cleistogamy” has also been used to describe other phenomena. A classification of types of cleistogamy is proposed. In this review, a restricted definition of cleistogamy is used to refer to species which show real floral dimorphisms, with divergent developmental pathways leading to CL and CH as well as intermediate floral forms. Reductions in the androecium and corolla are the most common feature of the CL flowers. The structural, developmental, and functional aspects of cleistogamy are reviewed. Evidence is presented to show that the CL flowers have modifications in their development which ensure self pollination. A proposal is made for using this phenomenon of dimorphic flower production as a system for the study of floral morphogenesis, function and evolution.
Case Reports of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Context of Quetiapine Use

A retrospective analysis was followed on 20 case reports covering the possible correlation between the atypical antipsychotic, quetiapine, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), determined by the study of 7 different NMS criteria guidelines. A great majority (19) of the case studies did not meet the requirements of all 7 guidelines, frequently due to unreported information. Nor was quetiapine proven to be the sole cause of the possible NMS in the two age groups investigated. Only one case was found to have no other medication or medical conditions confounding the relationship of quetiapine and NMS symptoms, and that case was in the context of a significant quetiapine overdose. The other 19 cases demonstrated the difficulty of identifying the cause of NMS when polypharmacy and other medical conditions are involved. The authors note the need for caution in deciding both the presence of NMS and the causal factors of the symptoms.
Effects of the generation of superoxide anion on permeability of liposomes.

Abstract Multilamellar liposomes released previously sequestered chromate ions when these artificial membrane structures were suspended in reaction mixtures containing hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Release of chromate was reduced significantly if active superoxide dismutase and/or catalase were added to these reaction mixtures. These findings suggest that superoxide anion and/or related reactive molecules are capable of perturbing lipid bilayers sufficiently to cause leakage of relatively impermeant anions.
Does Marijuana Use Lead to Aggression and Violent Behavior

Marijuana use and violent behavior are causing widespread public concern. This article reviews theory and research on the relation between marijuana use and aggressive/violent behavior. It is evident from the inconsistent findings in the literature that the exact nature of the relation remains unclear. This article identifies several possible reasons for these contradictory findings and provides suggestions for future research. In particular, more research is needed on the different subtypes of aggressive behavior. Further research is also needed to elucidate the associations between gender, marijuana use, and violent behavior. Likewise, an important task for future research is to continue to tease apart the complex relations between gang involvement, marijuana use, and violent behavior. Longitudinal studies also warrant further investigation. Moreover, future research should control for several potentially confounding variables.
Detecting variability in demographic rates: randomization with the Kullback–Leibler distance

Summary 1 Environmental stochasticity can play a major role in population dynamics with consequences for population viability and the evolution of life-history traits. However, in empirical studies it is necessary to verify that environmental stochasticity is actually present and that the observed variability is not simply a consequence of sampling variation. 2 We propose a non-parametric method to detect environmental variability in demographic parameters of structured populations based on data randomization using an estimated Kullback–Leibler distance as a test statistic. 3 The Kullback–Leibler distance is an established information-theoretic measure of the deviance between distributions and we show, with empirical and simulated data sets, that it can be adapted effectively to detect variability in demographic fates among populations. 4 This metric has the potential to reveal the importance of relatively rare transitions for understanding temporal variability in demography that would not be revealed by log-linear analysis. 5 Synthesis: Using an estimated Kullback–Leibler distance as a test statistic allows variability at the level of demographic rates to be economically assessed as an adjunct to the randomization tests that many researchers currently perform to assess variability in λ, and would provide additional and complementary insight.
Social choice and individual values in the electronic republic

Voting rules and internet value-aggregation procedures are subtly different in their purposes and, as a result, in certain of their Arrovian properties. This article draws some fundamental contrasts and poses some questions for further investigation.
Biliary lipid composition after cholecystectomy

The etiology of biliary stone formation in man is poorly understood, but probably involves three phases: (1) the production and secretion of a lithogenic bile, (2) the precipitation and aggregation of cholesterol microcrystals, and (3) the growth of the nidus to form macroscopic stones. This first phase is probably the most essential factor necessary for stone formation. The determinants of cholesterol cholelithiasis involve an alteration in the relative concentrations of bile salts, lecithin, and cholesterol [8]. Although cholesterol and lecithin are insoluble in water, bile salts solubilize these molecules by forming micelles [7]. Micelle formation is also an important mechanism of biliary lipid excretion [ 121. The concentration of lecithin appears to be important in the micelle for increasing bile salt solubilization of cholesterol [23, 241. Bile production with decreased bile salt and/or decreased lecithin secretion relative to an increased cholesterol secretion would potentiate the formation of a lithogenic bile. Bile salts are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. In the rat and guinea pig, the enzyme, cholesterol-7-a-hydroxylase has been suggested to be the rate-limiting enzyme of bile salt synthesis [5, 9, 151. The biochemical sequence of bile salt anabolism in the human liver is similar to that in the rat [4]. It is possible that an enzyme such as cholesterol-7-cw-hydroxylase may be deficient in individuals with small bile salt pools. Since reduced bile salt pool size occurs in
In vitro evidence for complex modes of nuclear β-catenin signaling during prostate growth and tumorigenesis

Understanding the molecular etiology of prostate cancer (CaP) progression is paramount for broadening current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Current interest in the role of wnt pathway signaling in prostate tumorigenesis was generated with the finding of beta-catenin mutation and corresponding nuclear localization in primary lesions. The recent finding of beta-catenin-induced enhancement of androgen receptor (AR) function potentially ties beta-catenin to key regulatory steps of prostate cell growth, differentiation, and transformation. By immunohistological analysis of metastatic tumors, we detected nuclear beta-catenin in 20% of lethal CaP cases, suggesting a more common role for beta-catenin in advanced disease than would be predicted by its mutation rate. Interestingly, beta-catenin nuclear localization was found to occur concomitantly with androgen-induced regrowth of normal rat prostate. These in vivo observations likely implicate beta-catenin involvement in both normal and neoplastic prostate physiology, thus prompting our interest in further characterizing modes of beta-catenin signaling in prostate cells. Extending our previous findings, we demonstrate that transient beta-catenin over-expression stimulates T cell factor (TCF) signaling in most CaP cell lines. Further, this activity is not subject to cross-regulation by phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt signaling, a stimulatory pathway often upregulated in CaP upon PTEN inactivation. Consistent with a previous report, we observed that transient beta-catenin over-expression enhances AR-mediated transcription off two natural target gene promoters. However, we were unable to recapitulate beta-catenin-induced stimulation of ectopically expressed AR in AR-negative cells, suggesting that other AR-associated factors are required for this activity. Although LNCaP cells are capable of this mode of AR co-stimulation, stable expression of mutant beta-catenin did not alter their proliferative response to androgen. In total, our characterization of beta-catenin signaling in CaP reveals the complex nature of its activity in prostate tissue, indicating that beta-catenin potentially contributes to multiple stimulatory inputs required for disease progression.
Common polymorphisms in human lysyl oxidase genes are not associated with the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis phenotype

Although adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects approximately 3% of adolescents, the genetic contributions have proven difficult to identify. Work in model organisms, including zebrafish, chickens, and mice, has implicated the lysyl oxidase family of enzymes in the development of scoliosis. We hypothesized that common polymorphisms in the five human lysyl oxidase genes (LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4) may be associated with the phenotype of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. This was a case-control genetic association study. A total of 112 coding and tag SNPs in LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4 were genotyped in a discovery cohort of 138 cases and 411 controls. Genotypes were tested for association with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by logistic regression with a two degree of freedom genotypic model and gender as a covariate. Fourteen SNPs with p < 0.1 in the discovery phase were genotyped in an independent replication cohort of 400 cases and 506 controls. No evidence for significant association was found between coding or tag SNPs in LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4 and the phenotype of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Despite suggestive evidence in model organisms, common variants and known coding SNPs in the five human lysyl oxidase genes do not confer increased genotypic risk for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The above methodology does not address rare variants or individually private mutations in these genes, and future research may focus on this area.
The Comorbidity of ADHD and Eating Disorders in a Nationally Representative Sample.

Evidence suggests a comorbidity of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subsequent eating disorders. However, most studies have assessed this comorbidity among patient populations as opposed to nationally representative samples and have not explored differences by subtype of each disorder. The current study aims to investigate the association between both clinical (i.e., diagnosed) and subclinical (i.e., presence of behaviors but not all diagnostic criteria) ADHD and eating disorders via a secondary data analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 12,262). Results reveal that those with clinical ADHD are more likely to experience (a) clinical eating disorder, (b) clinical-level binging and/or purging behaviors, and (c) clinical-level restrictive behaviors. Those with subclinical ADHD (both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive) were more likely to experience subclinical binging and/or purging behaviors but not subclinical restrictive behaviors. Implications of study findings pertain to both secondary/targeted prevention of eating disorders and tertiary prevention via patient-specific treatment plans.
Effect of a dielectric coating on quenching in a molecule-nanosphere system

Abstract We investigate the effect a dielectric coating has on the energy transfer between a molecule and a silver nanosphere. For a fixed wavelength excitation resonant with the bare nanoparticle, increasing the shell thickness increases the non-radiative decay rate and decreases the radiative decay rate, which decreases the total efficiency of the emission process. The excitation wavelength can be tuned to improve the efficiency for coated nanoparticles, leading to values that are comparable to bare nanoparticles. As such, dielectric coatings are able to effectively limit quenching without sacrificing efficiency.
Differential expression of CD44 in malignant cutaneous epithelial neoplasms.

The CD44 antigen (ECMRIII, Hermes antigen) is a highly glycosylated cell-surface polypeptide involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell adhesion and lymphocyte-homing receptor activity. CD44 is also expressed in vivo by several tumors, including astrocytomas, meningiomas, and colonic adenocarcinomas. In addition, it has been shown that expression of CD44 appears to confer metastatic potential to cell lines derived from certain adenocarcinomas. In the skin, CD44 is normally expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and hair follicular, sebaceous, and eccrine epithelial cells. However, there have been few data with regard to the expression in vivo of CD44 in primary cutaneous neoplasms. Furthermore, there have not been studies in vivo of the possible differential expression of CD44 in primary versus metastatic tumors in the skin. We have examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of CD44 in cutaneous invasive and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas, metastatic adenocarcinomas, and basal cell carcinomas. All invasive and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas, as well as metastatic adenocarcinomas, strongly expressed CD44 ; however, basal cell carcinomas were nonreactive or showed only focal, minimal reactivity. Adjacent normal skin demonstrated CD44 immunoreactivity throughout the epidermis, including the basal layer. In addition, hair follicles and sebaceous and eccrine glands expressed CD44. The results suggest that expression of CD44 in these cutaneous epithelial tumors is not related to malignant transformation, but instead may be related to tumor progression and the ability to metastasize.
Critical Administrative Scholarship, Praxis, and the Academic Workplace

This article is about the praxis concept in relationship to management theory and practice. Ideas from critical theory, and thus from dialectical analysis, are used to present a perspective towards the academic workplace based on transcending the theory-practice dichotomy. Propositions for praxis oriented academic action are drawn from the existing literature andfrom the arguments developed here.
Ultrasonic signal enhancement by resonator techniques

Ultrasonic resonators increase experimental sensitivity to acoustic dispersion and changes in attenuation. Experimental sensitivity enhancement line shapes are presented which were obtained by modulating the acoustic properties of a CdS resonator with a light beam. Small changes in light level are made to produce almost pure absorptive or dispersive changes in the resonator signal. This effect is due to the coupling of the ultrasonic wave to the CdS conductivity which is proportional to incident light intensity. The resonator conductivity is adjusted in this manner to obtain both dispersive and absorptive sensitivity enhancement line shapes. The data presented verify previous thoretical calculations based on a propagating wave model.
Analgesic, locomotor and lethal effects of morphine in the mouse: strain comparisons.

Abstract We have compared the analgesic, locomotor stimulatory and lethal effects of morphine in two strains of mice, C57BL/6BY and CXBK. The CXBK strain is known to be deficient in central opioid binding sites and to be less sensitive than the C57 strain to certain effects of morphine and endogenous opioids. We found that the CXBK strain was less sensitive than the C57s to the analgesic and locomotor effects of morphine, but did not significantly differ in regard to morphine's lethal effect. The strain differences in sensitivity to the analgesic and locomotor effects were not uniform. The CXBK strain was much less sensitive than the C57 strain to the analgesic effect but only moderately less sensitive to the locomotor stimulatory effect. These differences may relate to previously demonstrated strain differences in the amounts of μ 1 and μ 2 opioid binding in central nervous system areas thought to mediate these behaviors.
Effects of Propranolol on Patients with Complete Heart Block and Implanted Pacemakers

The effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol were studied in 10 patients with complete heart block and fixed rate internal pacemakers. The patients were grouped according to the absence or presence of premature systoles before propranolol was given. In the patients with premature systoles propranolol was uniformly effective in abolishing the premature systoles. Propranolol was found to increase the systemic venous pressure, to decrease the cardiac output, and to lower myocardial contractility both at rest and during exercise in both groups. Since the heart rate was fixed, it was concluded that beta-adrenergic blockade has a significant negative inotropic effect, in addition to the chronotropic effect.
Enhanced amygdala responses to emotional versus neutral schematic facial expressions.

Human facial emotional expressions are complex. This may confound studies examining brain responses to these stimuli in control and clinical populations. However, several lines of evidence suggest that a few elementary facial features convey the gist of emotional expressions. Using fMRI, we assessed brain responses to line drawings of emotionally valenced (i.e. angry and happy) and neutral faces in healthy human subjects. Significantly increased fMRI signal was found in the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in response to emotional vs neutral schematic faces. Although direct comparisons of schematic and human faces will be needed, these initial results suggest that schematic faces may be useful for studying brain responses to emotional stimuli because of their simplicity relative to human faces.
CCR9+ and CD103+ tolerogenic dendritic cell populations in food allergy patients undergoing oral immunotherapy

Rationale CD103+ DCs (dendritic cells) and CCR9+ pDCs (plasmacytoid DCs) have been implicated in promoting tolerance to antigens through regulatory-T cell induction. We have conducted food oral immunotherapy (OIT) clinical studies for the last 3 years at Stanford University. We hypothesized that subjects with food allergies have low CD103+ and CCR9+ expression on their DCs but that these DC populations change over time while on therapy.
The diurnal anisotropy of cosmic rays and the heliospheric transport parameters

Abstract We review the data on long-term changes in the solar diurnal variation of cosmic rays, observed at Deep River with a neutron monitor and at Embudo with an underground muon telescope, during the period 1965–1976. We show that the model proposed by Erdos and Kota (1979, Sixteenth ICCR, Kyoto. Conference Papers 4, 45). cannot explain the systematic changes seen in our data during 1971–1976. An insight gained from the diffusion-convection model enables us to obtain a unique solution for K‖Gr in terms of the parameters applicable to the solar wind and the diurnal anisotropy. This helps us calculate the rigidity (R) dependence of the diffusion coefficient K‖. We find that K‖ = 1.37 × 1018 R0.6 m2 s−1, where R is in gigavolts, and K⊥ = 1.08 × 1018 m2 s−1. Our results are discussed.
The Indefatigable Mary R. Dawson: Arctic Pioneer

Abstract Between 1973 and 2002, Mary Dawson and team spent 11 field seasons searching for vertebrate fossils on Ellesmere, Axel Heiberg, Devon, Ellef Ringnes, Bylot, and Banks Islands in Canada's Arctic Archipelago. Their pioneering efforts resulted in one of the greatest discoveries in vertebrate paleontology of the twentieth century—the first, and best, record of Paleogene terrestrial vertebrates from within the Arctic Circle. Here we provide a history of the field research and discoveries by Dawson and collaborators in the Canadian High Arctic. Discovery of Eocene vertebrate faunas in the Eureka Sound Group on Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands supports the former existence of a high-latitude land connection between Europe and North America, provides insight into the origin of certain mammalian taxa such as microparamyine rodents, and yields evidence for a warm, temperate High Arctic climate at that time. Moving up in the section, Dawson's discoveries in Haughton Astrobleme on Devon Island include the ...
Effects of hypnotic instructions on P300 event-related-potential amplitudes: research and clinical implications.

Abstract Apparently conflicting findings in two recent studies of the effects of hypnotic hallucination on the P300 component of cortical event-related potentials are examined. In one study, Barabasz and Lonsdale (1983) found an increase in P300 amplitude in response to hypnotic anosmia instructions. However, Spiegel, Cutcomb, Ren, and Pribram (1985) obtained a decrease in P300 amplitude after instructing high hypnotizables that an imaginary cardboard box blocked their view of the stimulus generator. These differences are reconciled on the basis of differences in the hypnotic instructions given. The former study employed language which emphasized negation (“You will not smell anything at all”), while the latter had subjects focus on a competing obstructive hallucination. The anosmia subjects were surprised when they smelled anything at all, leading to an enhanced P300 response, while the subjects in the visual study were so absorbed in the hallucinated obstruction that perception of the stimulus was reduc...
Variable Density Flows Computed by a Second-Order Closure Description of Turbulence

An incompressibl e fluid, with the influence of the variable density coming through a Boussinesq buoyancy term, is considered using a second-order closure approach to turbulent flow. This technique successfully incorporates the strong influence of stratification for a number of flows. Particular flows which are computed and compared with experimental data are: 1) stratified shear flow with homogeneous turbulence; 2) free convection bounded by a stable density gradient; 3) wakes in a medium with a stable density gradient; and 4) the atmospheric boundary layer where the flow oscillates from stable to unstable conditions in a typical day. Nomenclature / = coriolis parameter FD = wake Froude number based on diameter gi = general acceleration vector k = coefficient of laminar diffusion for temperature perturbation
“If We Let the Market Prevail, We Won't Have a Neighborhood Left:” religious agency and urban restructuring on Chicago's southwest side

Catholic parishes and their neighborhoods on the Southwest Side of Chicago have moved from a relatively autonomous, relatively self-enclosed local institutions with relatively narrow social perspectives to organizations that work across parish boundaries, address local problems regionally, and acknowledge relinquishing to some degree their local identity and autonomy as progressive responses to the new urban context. Much of this new vision was stimulated by archdiocesan management changes under Joseph Cardinal Bernardin; by massive realignment of people, jobs, and political power in metropolitan Chicago; and not least by broader cultural and theological visions of the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965).
GENIE: a software package for gene-gene interaction analysis in genetic association studies using multiple GPU or CPU cores

Background Gene-gene interaction in genetic association studies is computationally intensive when a large number of SNPs are involved. Most of the latest Central Processing Units (CPUs) have multiple cores, whereas Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) also have hundreds of cores and have been recently used to implement faster scientific software. However, currently there are no genetic analysis software packages that allow users to fully utilize the computing power of these multi-core devices for genetic interaction analysis for binary traits.
ON THE INTERCHANGEABILITY OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE MEASURES OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A META-ANALYSIS

A meta-analysis of studies containing both objective and subjective ratings of employee performance resulted in a corrected mean correlation of .389. This value, although significantly greater than zero, indicates that objective and subjective performance measures should not be used interchangeably. Moreover, in no moderator subgroup examined did the correlation suggest convergent validity. After discussing issues related to resolving the previous anomalies of primary and meta-analytic results, a secondary analysis suggested that objective and subjective measures of the same construct at the same level may be used inter-changeably. The secondary analysis, however, was based on a very limited sample. Future research should address the appropriate dimensionality of employee performance.
The function of the rhinophore and the tentacles of Nautilus pompilius L. (Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea) in orientation to odor

We have previously demonstrated that nautiluses can detect and follow odor plumes produced by a distant source from up to 10 m. The use of the rhinophores is necessary for this behavior. Here we examine which structures may be linked to different behavioral stages of the search (near-field and far-field) to determine their function in the orientation behavior of Nautilus. We injected 1cc of odor onto each of the four structures that nautiluses are known to manipulate as they track an odor plume to its source (rhinophore, digital tentacles, preocular tentacles, postocular tentacles; presented in random order; N = 11 animals). The application of odor to the rhinophore (and preocular tentacles to a lesser degree) resulted within 10 s in the distinctive far-field “cone of search” behavior (P < 0.0001). Stimulation of the digital tentacles resulted in the animal immediately releasing its lateral digital tentacles and swimming toward the substrate (P < 0.019) with medial digital tentacles making contact with th...
An Extraneous Vocal Behavior in Cerebral Palsied Speakers

SummaryAn extraneous speech behavior, a prevocalization (PV), was analyzed spectrographically and phonetically in 14 cerebral palsied subjects. Seventy-one % of these subjects demonstrated PV usage. Frequency of PV occurrence and PV duration in msec, were not related. Phonetic analysis of PVs and initial word stop consonants implicated temporal inco-ordination in manner of articulation with generally intact control over place of articulation.