cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validating the Rice neural network and the Wing Kp real-time models

The Rice neural network models of Kp have been running in real time at http://mms.rice.edu/realtime/forecast.html since October 2007; Dst and AE models were added to our operations in May 2010. All these models use the Boyle index as basis functions computed from ACE real time inputs. Later, two more driving functions were included in November 2012: (a) the “Ram” functions that had dynamic pressure term added to the Boyle index and (b) the Newell functions. The Wing models are a set of neural network-based Kp forecast models adopted by NOAA/Space Weather Prediction Center in March 2011 to supersede the Costello Kp model. This study indicates that any of the three Rice neural net predictors had a better success rate than the Wing model in predicting Kp (r=0.828 with Boyle, r=0.843 with Ram, and r=0.820 with Newell for 1 h predictions; similarly, r=0.739, 0.769, and 0.755 for 3 h predictions) in real time. In a head-to-head challenge using harvested real-time outputs between April 2011 and February 2013, the Rice Boyle Kp models predicted better than the Wing models (0.771 versus 0.714 for 1 h predictions and 0.770 versus 0.744 for 3 h predictions). In addition, Wing's prediction was missing more often than the Rice prediction (≈6% versus 4.6%), meaning it had less reliability. The Rice models also predict AE(r=0.811 with Boyle; 0.806 with Ram; 0.765 with Newell, and 0.743 with Boyle; 0.747 with Ram for 1 h and 3 h predictions) and pressure-corrected Dst (r=0.790; 0.767, and 0.704, and r=0.795; 0.797 and 0.707 for 1 h and 3 h predictions).
The Cambridge Companion to Harold Pinter. Edited by Peter Raby. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001; pp. 272, 10 photos. $54.95 hardcover, $19.95 paperback

One might wonder if there is anything new to be written about the work of Harold Pinter. Other than Brecht and Beckett, there may be more volumes of criticism on Pinter than any other playwright of the twentieth century. The difference is that Pinter is still very much a living and evolving artistic force in today's theatre, not only as a playwright, but as a screenwriter, director, and actor. Despite some minor flaws, The Cambridge Companion to Harold Pinter , a collection of critical essays edited by Peter Raby, accomplishes the purpose stated in its brief foreword: to “provide an introduction to one of the world's leading and controversial writers, whose output in many genres and roles continue to grow.”
Expanded cloud plumes hiding Big Data ecosystem

Today, a paradigm shift is being observed in science, where the focus is gradually shifting away from operation to data, which is greatly influencing the decision making also. The data is being inundated proactively from several sources in various forms; especially social media and in modern data science vocabulary is being recognized as Big Data. Today, Big Data is permeating through the bigger aspect of human life for scientific and commercial dependencies, especially for massive scale data analytics of beyond the exabyte magnitude. As the footprint of Big Data applications is continuously expanding, the reliability on cloud environments is also increasing to obtain appropriate, robust and affordable services to deal with Big Data challenges. Cloud computing avoids any need to locally maintain the overly scaled computing infrastructure that include not only dedicated space, but the expensive hardware and software also. Several data models to process Big Data are already developed and a number of such models are still emerging, potentially relying on heterogeneous underlying storage technologies, including cloud computing. In this paper, we investigate the growing role of cloud computing in Big Data ecosystem. Also, we propose a novel XCLOUDX {XCloudX, X?X}classification to zoom in to gauge the intuitiveness of the scientific name of the cloud-assisted NoSQL Big Data models and analyze whether XCloudX always uses cloud computing underneath or vice versa. XCloudX symbolizes those NoSQL Big Data models that embody the term "cloud" in their name, where X is any alphanumeric variable. The discussion is strengthen by a set of important case studies. Furthermore, we study the emergence of as-a-Service era, motivated by cloud computing drive and explore the new members beyond traditional cloud computing stack, developed in the past couple of years. In sum, growing role of cloud in Big Data ecosystem is extensively investigated.A novel XCLOUDX classification is proposed for cloud-assisted Big Data models.A set of important case studies on cloud Big Data models is discussed.The as-a-Service modality of cloud computing is extensively discussed.IoT, Smart Data, and Smart Data Lakes are briefly discussed as future directions.
Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Additively Manufactured by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V specimens manufactured via Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) is investigated in this study. Since the ultimate mechanical behavior of metallic parts is related to the microstructure as affected by the time-temperature history, additive manufactured components will have different properties from their wrought counterparts. The appropriate additive manufacturing process parameters are achieved by examining the built coupons with X-ray CT for minimum defects (i.e voids). Fully reversed strain-controlled fatigue tests are conducted on LENS produced Ti-6Al-4V speciments. Fractography of fractured surface is performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to capture the crack initiation site as well as failure mechanism. In order to predict fatigue life of additive-manufactured titanium alloys, a microstructural-sensitive multi-stage fatigue (MSMF) model can be calibrated.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow Over a Circular Cylinder With Plasma-Based Control

Control of flow over a circular cylinder by means of plasma actuators is numerically investigated. Large-eddy simulations are carried out for Reynolds number of 30, 000 based on free-stream velocity and cylinder diameter. The effect of plasma is represented by a body force field in the Navier-Stokes equations using a plasma actuation model. Both steady actuation and unsteady actuation are studied and, in the unsteady case, the effect of actuation frequency is examined. The configurations considered include four actuators and two actuators. Results from baseline simulations without control show reasonable agreement with previous experimental results in terms of wake turbulence statistics and shear-layer characteristics. Similar to experimental observations, small-scale fluid motions due to shear-layer instability are found immediately behind the cylinder. With four actuators turned on at θ = ±90 and ±135 from the front stagnation point, the separation point is delayed drastically due to the electric body forces generated by the plasma. As a result, large-scale vortex shedding is virtually eliminated by both steady and unsteady actuation, and the mean drag as well as drag and lift fluctuations are significantly reduced. The frequency of unsteady actuation has a large effect on the control performance when it is varied from Stc = 0.5 to 1, whereas between Stc = 1 and 1.5 the control performance is relatively unchanged. With only two actuators at θ = ±90, the control is much less effective with steady actuation but is nearly as effective as in the four-actuator case with unsteady actuation at Stc = 1.
Computer scientist in profile: Bruce R. Donald

Of all the undergraduate majors that might steer someone towards an accomplished scientific career and prolific research in Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Computational Structural Biology, you would have a hard time circling 'Russian Language and Literature.' Yet, that is exactly how Bruce's journey started at Yale. Bruce fondly recalls his famous English and Literature professors, such as Harold Bloom and Victor Ehrlich, who left a deep impression on him and played no small part in Bruce eventually graduating summa cum laude in 1980. "The connection with Computer Science was there all along," says Bruce, "though I did not obtain any formal training in CS. I had been a hacker in high school, and I did take some LOGO and Fortran classes at MIT. I hung out with a group of programmers in school and had a job programming and selling one of the first personal computers, the MITS Altair 8800." He recalls that despite his interest in programming, at Yale he almost exclusively took only Humanities courses. The only other courses outside Humanities were a Physics, Calculus, and Artificial Intelligence course.
Development of a phase Ib/IIa proof-of-concept study of imalumab (BAX69), a first-in-class anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) antibody, as the 3rd or 4th line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

TPS3633 Background: Patients with mCRC who fail 2 or 3 lines of treatment have few effective treatment options. MIF is dramatically upregulated in CRC tissue and its serum concentration positively ...
Investigation on an outbreak of acute norovirus gastroenteritis in a geriatric nursing hospital

[Objective]To investigate and analyze the causes of an outbreak of acute norovirus gastroenteritis in a geriatric nursing hospital,provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control of norovirus gastroenteritis in aged people in the future.[Methods]The data of cases were collected by individual case study.The anal swab specimens were sampled from some patients and staff members,and real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was applied to detect the nucleic acid of norovirus.[Results]Among 21 anal swab specimens,19 were positive for nucleic acid of GⅡ norovirus.8 positive specimens were collected from elderly patients,and 8 were collected from staff members.[Conclusion]This is an outbreak of infectious diarrhea caused by GⅡnorovirus,and the main causes are close contact and failure to timely disinfection.
Simultaneous determination of many organic compound in workplace air using capillary column gas chromatography

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of acetone,ethyl acetate,benzene,toluene,o-xylene,m-xy1ene,p-xy1ene,styrene,cyclohexanone more organic compound in workplace air by capillary column gas chromatography.Methods: Acetone,ethyl acetate,benzene,toluene,o-xylene,m-xy1ene,p-xy1ene,styrene,cyclohexanone in workplace air were collected with charcoal tube,then were injected after being desorbed with carbon disulfide through HP-INNOWAX(30 m×320 μm×0.25 μm) capillary column,The primary temperature was set at 60℃ remaining 10 minutes,and the last temperature was 100℃ remaining 2 minute with elevate temperature ratio 10℃ perminute.Apart flow rate was 12∶1.Results: The method separate effect is good,the group on the determination within the scope of the linear,correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9997,the group method checks out in the between 0.26 μg/ml ～0.72 μg/ml,remain relatively standard deviation time in the between 0.000%～0.021%,the relatively standard deviation of peak area in the between 0.23%～0.51%.Conclusion: The method is applicable in simultaneously determining acetone,ethyl acetate,benzene,toluene,o-xylene,m-xy1ene,p-xy1ene,styrene,cyclohexanone more organic compound in workplace air.
Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control-Based Load Following of Pressurized Water Reactor

With the being increased proportion of installed capacity of nuclear power units in power grid,it is inevitable to perform load following of nuclear power units.Replacing common used local linear model of the core of pressurized water reactor(PWR) by its nonlinear model and considering the variation of physical and thermal parameters caused by power variation of reactor core,three manners to trace the power of reactor core,i.e.,fuzzy adaptive proportion integration differentiation(PID) controller,fuzzy controller and PID controller,are designed.Results of simulation and comparative analysis show that fuzzy adaptive PID controller not only possesses satisfied dynamic performance,but also higher steady state accuracy.Taking fuzzy adaptive PID controller as research object,the physical process inside reactor core during load following is analyzed.Analysis results show that the load following would be impeded by negative feedback of temperature effect and poisoning effect.
Power Lines: Unobtrusive Assessment of E-mail Subject Line Impact on Organization Website Use

Scholars have generally found e-mail–based effects to be limited, despite suggestions from marketing consultants that techniques such as message personalization and emotion-based content make e-mail campaigns more successful. Key in e-mail personalization is the subject line. To my knowledge, however, no one has examined the direct effects of e-mail subject lines using a field experiment with unobtrusive behavioral measures (i.e., tracking e-mail open rates). To address this gap, I leverage a field experiment using 82,000 e-mail addresses from a state-based Planned Parenthood contact list to determine whether randomly assigned subject line content impacts e-mail open rates. My results show that subject line personalization has a limited effect on open rates, but that personalization—when combined with subject line reference to emotion—may affect downstream behavior among a small percentage of e-mail recipients.
Naloxone Administration by Law Enforcement: Policy and Public Health Nursings Implications

Opioid overdose has become a public health epidemic, and the use of naloxone by law enforcement personnel has recently become a controversial policy issue. This pilot research project addresses the question of attitudes regarding addiction, overdose, naloxone administration training, and the expanding role of law enforcement in naloxone administration by law enforcement personnel who have been trained in the administration of naloxone to those experiencing an opioid overdose. A comprehensive literature review was conducted relating to the topic of opioid use and overdose and the use of naloxone by law enforcement. The Theory of Planned Behavior was the theoretical framework chosen to guide this project. The methodology used was an exploratory qualitative approach with individual face-to-face interviews as the data collection method. The results are presented and analyzed including findings of a need for “handson” naloxone training, perception of empowerment by some officers since being trained to administer naloxone, and perception of empathy for those who overdose, especially toward the younger victims. Recommendations and implications for nursing practice, policy, research, and leadership are presented including a plan for dissemination to nursing, interprofessional stakeholders, and policy makers.
Combining Tpi and CO1 Genetic Markers to Discriminate Invasive Helicoverpa armigera From Local Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations in the Southeastern United States

The recent establishment of the Old World pest Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) into South America has had significant economic consequences and places the rest of the hemisphere at risk, emphasizing the need for improved methods of monitoring. A major complication is that a sibling species endemic to the New World, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is morphologically very similar, with the two species capable of producing fertile hybrids in the laboratory. The consequences of such hybridization in the field are uncertain, but could result in significant and unpredictable changes in the timing, range, and pesticide susceptibilities of Helicoverpa infestations. The objective here is to provide new genetic resources applicable to Helicoverpa populations in northern Florida and neighboring states (a region at risk for H. armigera) that can distinguish the two species and possible hybrids. The genetic variability in segments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and the Z-linked triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) genes were determined for H. zea from the southeastern United States. These were compared to DNA sequences from H. armigera specimens from Morocco, Australia, and Europe. Phylogenetic network analysis showed a clear demarcation between the two species for all gene segments. These results extend earlier studies establishing CO1 as marker for discriminating the Helicoverpa species complex and introduce a new sex-linked genomic marker. The CO1 and Tpi markers in combination provide a more accurate and sensitive method than existing techniques for identifying hybridization between H. zea and H. armigera and could potentially be used to extrapolate the likely source of invasive H. armigera populations.
A Digital PLL With Feedforward Multi-Tone Spur Cancellation Scheme Achieving <–73 dBc Fractional Spur and <–110 dBc Reference Spur in 65 nm CMOS

This paper proposes a fractional-N digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) architecture with feedforward multi-tone spur cancellation scheme. The proposed cancellation loop is capable of suppressing both internal spur, i.e., fractional-N spur, and externally coupled spur from input paths. It can be further extended for multi-stage operation for mitigating multiple spur sources. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results are provided in this paper to explore the design tradeoffs of the proposed technique. A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. It measures external spur reduction of 15 to 35 dB and the worst-case fractional spur of 73.66 to 117 dBc with 20–50 dB improvement after enabling the cancellation loop. The measured reference spur ranges from 110.1 to 116.1 dBc across the entire DPLL operation range (3.2–4.8 GHz) thanks to design techniques. The measured in-band phase noise achieves 103 dBc at 100 kHz frequency offset and out-of-band phase noise of 122 dBc at 3 MHz frequency offset with integrated phase noise of 38.1 dBc from 10 kHz to 40 MHz.
Extrusion on-demand pattern coating using a hybrid manufacturing process

Abstract Roll-to-roll (R2R) solution processing of thin film devices offers savings to cost, time, and material waste. Emerging technologies in electronics, optoelectronics, and microfluidics could potentially benefit from these manufacturing advantages. However, the associated complex pattern requirements are difficult to attain with traditional solution-based methods, barring significant concessions to device performance and process scalability. In this paper, we present and implement a novel hybridization of continuous ( e.g ., slot die) and on-demand ( e.g ., inkjet) techniques designed to address these shortcomings, wherein outflow from localized regions of an extrusion die is actuated in real time to produce patterns. Pattern features were produced with aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and deposition phenomena were observed in situ using a specialized roll feed imaging system. Minimum feature size is shown to be directionally dependent, with transient flow effects dominating along the axis coincident with substrate motion, and sensitive to several process inputs as well as coating material properties. Strategies for managing residual fluid in the die cavity and beneath the die lip are illustrated, through flow actuation mechanisms and exploitation of deposition phenomena, to optimize pattern fidelity.
Recalibrating valence-weighting tendencies as a means of reducing anticipated discomfort with an interracial interaction:

We utilized a general intervention that affects (through “recalibration”) the way people generalize negative associations when evaluating objects to promote less negative expectations about an interaction with a Black Internet “chat” partner. During this intervention, participants played a game to learn which “beans” varying in shape and speckles increased or decreased their points. Participants later classified game beans and new beans as good or bad. Recalibration condition participants were told whether they classified beans correctly, thus receiving feedback regarding the appropriate weighting of resemblance to a known positive versus negative object. Control participants, who received no feedback, were more likely to classify new beans as negative than recalibration participants. Compared to control, the recalibration condition also anticipated feeling less intergroup anxiety during a chat with a Black partner (Experiments 1 and 2) and this effect was strongest among participants who reported fewer c...
In situ statistical observations of Pc1 pearl pulsations and unstructured EMIC waves by the Van Allen Probes

We present here the first in situ statistical survey of structured Pc1 pearl pulsations compared with unstructured electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft. This data set was compiled from observations spanning 8 September 2012 through 31 August 2015 and comprises over 1630 h of total EMIC wave activity, of which 291 h exhibited pearl structure. Additionally, we have identified 29 wave events demonstrating periodically oscillating wave packets, mostly about the magnetic equator, indicated by the reversal of Poynting flux along the background magnetic field. We have found several stark differences between Pc1 pearl pulsations and unstructured EMIC waves. While unstructured EMIC waves demonstrate the predicted behavior of a higher occurrence across the dayside with enhanced wave power at dusk, pearl pulsations occur uniformly across magnetic local time, with a small enhancement in the late morning sector. Pearl pulsations were more often observed during magnetospherically quiet periods, particularly in the late recovery period of geomagnetic storms. The mean excitation frequency of pearl pulsations was observed to be independent of the local ion cyclotron frequency, and individual wave investigations indicate that the modulation period also remained constant for the duration of the event over a finite range in L. We examine three possible generation mechanisms—the bouncing wave packet model, modulation by ultralow-frequency Pc4 and Pc5 waves, and the formation of an ion cyclotron resonator—but are unable to definitively confirm the validity of any one model.
Depression in Young People: More than Just a Bad Day—A Concept Analysis

ABSTRACTAim: Suicide from depression is the second leading cause of death in young people. To better understand depression, a concept analysis was conducted using the Lorraine Walker and Kay Avant method. Source of Data: Three electronic databases searched using keywords such as depress*, stigma, and feeling depressed yielded 40 articles in English from 2006 through 2016. Results: Primary attribute was depressed mood; stress was the primary antecedent found in young people. Consequences included health, emotional, and financial well-being. Conclusion: A better understanding of depression by healthcare providers can foster quicker assessment and treatment in young people and impact final outcome—suicide.
What is Data Science

What is data science? Like any emerging field, it hasn’t been completely defined yet, but you know enough about it to be interested or else you wouldn’t be reading this book.
Thomsen, Danielle M. Opting Out of Congress: Partisan Polarization and the Decline of Moderate Candidates: New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2017. 202 pages. $99.99 (hardcover).

American politics is currently experiencing one of its most highly polarized periods in history. Most academic studies of partisan polarization assess the conditions leading to its occurrence. Fewe...
A space-time smooth artificial viscosity method with wavelet noise indicator and shock collision scheme, Part 1: The 1-D case

Abstract In this first part of two papers, we extend the C-method developed in [40] for adding localized, space-time smooth artificial viscosity to nonlinear systems of conservation laws that propagate shock waves, rarefaction waves, and contact discontinuities in one space dimension. For gas dynamics, the C-method couples the Euler equations to a scalar reaction-diffusion equation, whose solution C serves as a space-time smooth artificial viscosity indicator. The purpose of this paper is the development of a high-order numerical algorithm for shock-wall collision and bounce-back. Specifically, we generalize the original C-method by adding a new collision indicator, which naturally activates during shock-wall collision. Additionally, we implement a new high-frequency wavelet-based noise detector together with an efficient and localized noise removal algorithm. To test the methodology, we use a highly simplified WENO-based discretization scheme. We show that our scheme improves the order of accuracy of our WENO algorithm, handles extremely strong discontinuities (ranging up to nine orders of magnitude), allows for shock collision and bounce back, and removes high frequency noise. The causes of the well-known “wall heating” phenomenon are discussed, and we demonstrate that this particular pathology can be effectively treated in the framework of the C-method. This method is generalized to two space dimensions in the second part of this work [41] .
Exchange of H2O ligand of trichloroaquoplatinate (II) with solvent

7. Grinberg, A. A. and Shagisultanova, G. A., B u l l , acad. s c i . U . S . S _ . R . , Div. Chem. S c i . , 6 , 8 9 5 ( 1 9 5 5 ) . 8. Grinberg, A. A., Nikol'skaya, L. E. and Kiseleva, N. V., Zhur. Neorg. K h i m . , 1 ^ 2 2 0 ( 1 9 5 6 ) . [ O r i g i n a l n o t available for examination; abstracted in Chem. Abstr., 5 1 , 3 2 4 5 a ( 1 9 5 7 ) . ] 9. Grantham, L. F., Elleman, T. S. and Martin, D. S., Jr., J. Am. Chem. S o c . , 7 7 , 2 9 6 5 ( 1 9 5 5 ) . 1 0 . S a n d e r s , C . I . a n d M a r t i n , D . S . , J r . A c i d h y d r o l y s i s o f [PtCl4]* and [PtCl (H O) ]-. j-To be published in J. Am. C h e m . S o c . c a . 1 9 6 1 . ] 11. Elleman, T. S., Reishus, J. w. and Martin, D. S., Jr., J. Am. Chem. S o c . , 8 0 , 5 3 6 ( 1 9 5 8 ) . 1 2 . R e i s h u s , j . W . A q u a t i o n a n d i s o t o p i c e x c h a n g e o f t h e chloride ligands of the cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) complex. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis. Ames, Iowa, Library, Iowa State University of Science and T e c h n o l o g y . I 9 6 0 .
A Theoretical Model of Surf Zone Circulation and Diatom Growth

This paper examines some of the processes and mechanisms that govern the time-averaged distribution of diatoms in surf zone environments. To this end, an idealized mathematical model is developed of the relative concentration of diatoms resulting from advection and phostosynthesis in the surf zone.
Long Term Actions of Dexfenfluramine on Food Intake, Body Weight and Brain Serotonin in Rodents

Chronic administration of dexfenfluramine (DFEN) to rats is associated with decreased ad libitum, palatability- or stress-induced food intakes, and body weight loss. These effects are larger in obese animals. Effective doses are associated with steady plasma levels of DFEN, plus its metabolite dexnorfenfluramine (DNOR), in the range 0.5–2.2 uM. Concentrations of DFEN+DNOR measured in the brains of the same rats were about 5-fold higher than plasma. Brain 5HT levels were normal. Mice show dose-related anorexia to acute DFEN and DNOR and, unlike in rats, after high doses that acutely deplete brain 5HT there appears to be a rapid recovery of basal levels. The effectiveness and safety of these agents are discussed briefly.
Our #1 Challenge: Retirement Insecurity

One of the consequences of the shift in corporate retirement plans from defined benefit to defined contribution is widespread retirement insecurity. Although most people in the top one-third of eco...
New York City’s captive work force: Remembering the prisoners who built Rikers Island

Abstract This article undertakes a "history of the present" as a means of intervening in current debate around the closure of the Rikers Island jail complex and its replacement with smaller "state of the art" jails. We argue that the telling of carceral history is potentially a powerful weapon capable of shaping unfolding events, as well as, helping to preserve the memory of those who have suffered from the practice of human caging. To this effect we reconstruct the history of the Rikers Island penal colony predating its officially-recognized opening in 1935; a history defined by the forced prison labour that was used to expand the island and construct the original penitentiary. We illustrate how the labour of these prisoners, lives on in the physical structure of Rikers, as well as in its scandalous carceral existence. In defiance of current efforts at piecemeal reform or of preserving the status quo, we offer this historical intervention as a means of problematizing the present effort to solve the problems of jails with more jails, suggesting instead that the past calls for more drastic action—an escape.
Astrocytes infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae demonstrate altered expression and activity of secretases involved in the generation of β-amyloid found in Alzheimer disease

Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that the pathophysiology of late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) versus early-onset AD has environmental rather than genetic causes, thus revealing potentially novel therapeutic targets to limit disease progression. Several studies supporting the “pathogen hypothesis” of AD demonstrate a strong association between pathogens and the production of β-amyloid, the pathologic hallmark of AD. Although the mechanism of pathogen-induced neurodegeneration of AD remains unclear, astrocytes, a key player of the CNS innate immune response and producer/metabolizer of β-amyloid, have been implicated. We hypothesized that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytes alters the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-processing secretases, ADAM10, BACE1, and PSEN1, to promote β-amyloid formation. Utilizing immunofluorescent microscopy, molecular, and biochemical approaches, these studies explore the role of an intracellular respiratory pathogen, Chlamydia pneumoniae, as an environmental trigger for AD pathology. Human astrocytoma cells in vitro were infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae over the course of 6–72 h. The gene and protein expression, as well as the enzymatic activity of non-amyloidogenic (ADAM10), and pro-amyloidogenic (BACE1 and PSEN1) secretases were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. In addition, the formation of toxic amyloid products as an outcome of pro-amyloidogenic APP processing was evaluated through various modalities. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytoma cells promoted the transcriptional upregulation of numerous genes implicated in host neuroinflammation, lipid homeostasis, microtubule function, and APP processing. Relative to that of uninfected astrocytes, BACE1 and PSEN1 protein levels were enhanced by nearly twofold at 48–72 h post-Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. The processing of APP in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected astrocytes favors the pro-amyloidogenic pathway, as demonstrated by an increase in enzymatic activity of BACE1, while that of ADAM10 was decreased. Fluorescence intensity of β-amyloid and ELISA-quantified levels of soluble-APP by products revealed temporally similar increases, confirming a BACE1/PSEN1-mediated processing of APP. Our findings suggest that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytes promotes the pro-amyloidogenic pathway of APP processing through the upregulation of expression and activity of β-secretase, upregulated expression of γ-secretase, and decreased activity of α-secretase. These effects of astrocyte infection provide evidence for a direct link between Chlamydia pneumoniae and AD pathology.
Polarization coherence theorem: comment

We comment on a recent paper entitled “Polarization coherence theorem” [Optica4, 1113 (2017)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.4.001113] disputing the status of the reported result as a new theorem.
Across the Plains: Sara Royce's Western Narrative

Review of: "Across the Plains: Sara Royce's Western Narrative," edited by Jennifer Dawes Adkison.
GW invariants relative to normal crossing divisors

In this paper we introduce a notion of symplectic normal crossing divisor V and define the GW invariant of a symplectic manifold X relative to such a divisor. Our definition includes normal crossing divisors from algebraic geometry. The invariants we define in this paper are key ingredients in symplectic sum type formulas for GW invariants, and extend those defined in our previous joint work with T.H. Parker [16], which covered the case V was smooth. The main step is the construction of a compact moduli space of relatively stable maps into the pair (X,V)(X,V) in the case V is a symplectic normal crossing divisor in X.
Specific Causes of 30-Day and 1-Year Readmissions in Heart Failure Patients

Background Readmission rates are a major metric used in evaluating the quality of hospital care for heart failure patients, but the specific causes of readmission are uncertain. Much of the existing data focuses on all-cause readmissions or uses ICD classification coding to determine causes for readmission. In this study, we retrospectively review heart failure cases to identify the specific causes of 30-day and 1-year readmission. Methods We identified heart failure patients from the University of Maryland Medical Center with an index hospitalization between January 2017 - March 2017. All charts were reviewed to determine if the index hospitalization was for heart failure. The charts were then reviewed to determine causes of subsequent readmissions. 30-day and 1-year readmissions were recorded. Readmissions were categorized as due to heart failure exacerbation, other cardiac causes, non-cardiac chest pain, infections, GI disorders, neurological disorders, renal disorders, pulmonary disorders, or trauma and surgical conditions. Planned readmissions were excluded. Results A total of 232 patients were identified to have an index heart failure hospitalization in the specified time frame. 21% of patients were readmitted within 30 days. Heart failure exacerbation, other cardiac causes, and infections were the leading causes of 30-day readmission, representing 53%, 16%, and 14% of 30-day readmissions respectively. 53% of the cohort had at least 1 readmission over 1 year. There was a total of 330 readmissions over 1 year. Heart failure exacerbation, infections, and non-cardiac chest pain were the leading causes of 1-year readmission, representing 40%, 16%, and 8% of 1-year readmissions. Discussion Heart failure exacerbation was the leading cause of both 30-day and 1-year readmissions, but infections, other cardiac causes, and non-cardiac chest pain were also significant contributors to readmissions after an index heart failure hospitalization. Prevention of readmissions necessitates addressing non-cardiac causes as well as heart failure status.
Spatial gradients in the characteristics of soil-carbon fractions are associated with abiotic features but not microbial communities

Abstract. Coastal terrestrial–aquatic interfaces (TAIs) are dynamic zones of biogeochemical cycling influenced by salinity gradients. However, there is significant heterogeneity in salinity influences on TAI soil biogeochemical function. This heterogeneity is perhaps related to unrecognized mechanisms associated with carbon (C) chemistry and microbial communities. To investigate this potential, we evaluated hypotheses associated with salinity-associated shifts in organic C thermodynamics; biochemical transformations; and nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and sulfur-containing heteroatom organic compounds in a first-order coastal watershed on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington, USA. In contrast to our hypotheses, thermodynamic favorability of water-soluble organic compounds in shallow soils decreased with increasing salinity (43–867 µ S cm −1 ), as did the number of inferred biochemical transformations and total heteroatom content. These patterns indicate lower microbial activity at higher salinity that is potentially constrained by accumulation of less-favorable organic C. Furthermore, organic compounds appeared to be primarily marine- or algae-derived in forested floodplain soils with more lipid-like and protein-like compounds, relative to upland soils that had more lignin-, tannin-, and carbohydrate-like compounds. Based on a recent simulation-based study, we further hypothesized a relationship between C chemistry and the ecological assembly processes governing microbial community composition. Null modeling revealed that differences in microbial community composition – assayed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing – were primarily the result of limited exchange of organisms among communities (i.e., dispersal limitation). This results in unstructured demographic events that cause community composition to diverge stochastically, as opposed to divergence in community composition being due to deterministic selection-based processes associated with differences in environmental conditions. The strong influence of stochastic processes was further reflected in there being no statistical relationship between community assembly processes (e.g., the relative influence of stochastic assembly processes) and C chemistry (e.g., heteroatom content). This suggests that microbial community composition does not have a mechanistic or causal linkage to C chemistry. The salinity-associated gradient in C chemistry was, therefore, likely influenced by a combination of spatially structured inputs and salinity-associated metabolic responses of microbial communities that were independent of community composition. We propose that impacts of salinity on coastal soil biogeochemistry need to be understood in the context of C chemistry, hydrologic or depositional dynamics, and microbial physiology, while microbial composition may have less influence.
Effective and Ineffective Statistical Analysis Tools in Project Management Environments: A Real Life Study

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of different statistical analysis tools in project management environments. Furthermore, this study focuses on identifying some f...
Mechanochemical coupling of formin-induced actin interaction at the level of single molecular complex.

Formins promote actin assembly and are involved in force-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling. However, how force alters the formin functions still needs to be investigated. Here, using atomic force microscopy and biomembrane force probe, we investigated how mechanical force affects formin-mediated actin interactions at the level of single molecular complexes. The biophysical parameters of G-actin/G-actin (GG) or G-actin/F-actin (GF) interactions were measured under force loading in the absence or presence of two C-terminal fragments of the mouse formin mDia1: mDia1Ct that contains formin homology 2 domain (FH2) and diaphanous autoregulatory domain (DAD) and mDia1Ct-ΔDAD that contains only FH2. Under force-free conditions, neither association nor dissociation kinetics of GG and GF interactions were significantly affected by mDia1Ct or mDia1Ct-ΔDAD. Under tensile forces (0–7 pN), the average lifetimes of these bonds were prolonged and molecular complexes were stiffened in the presence of mDia1Ct, indicating mDia1Ct association kinetically stabilizes and mechanically strengthens bonds of the dimer and at the end of the F-actin under force. Interestingly, mDia1Ct-ΔDAD prolonged the lifetime of GF but not GG bond under force, suggesting the DAD domain is critical for mDia1Ct to strengthen GG interaction. These data unravel the mechanochemical coupling in formin-induced actin assembly and provide evidence to understand the initiation of formin-mediated actin elongation and nucleation.
Interested Party Testimony on Substitute H.B. 125, the

In my testimony before the Ohio Senate Heath, Human Services, and Aging Committee, I first describe how the informed consent provisions of H.B. 125, the "Heartbeat Bill," are constitutional and will save lives. I then show that—though the goal of outlawing abortion is one I share—a ban on abortion after an unborn child’s heartbeat is detected is counter-productive because it raises the possibility of more-firmly entrenching Roe’s permissive abortion regime and stopping the pro-life movement’s momentum.
Advances and clinical challenges in biomaterials for in vivo tumor imaging

Abstract Cancer is a major health burden due to the overall high mortality and physical impairment associated with it. Several factors play relevant roles in cancer prognosis, including the progression stage of the disease. Diagnosing tumors at an early stage is challenging due to the absence or nonspecificity of symptoms and overall lack of specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic methods. Several improvements have been made in past decades, especially with emerging molecular diagnostic tools. Nonetheless, imaging tumor tissues via anatomically oriented tools is still challenging, and the development of new platforms to deliver contrasts/reporters to tumors is a promising strategy to improve the current state of tumor imaging. In this chapter, major aspects related to tumor imaging in vivo are discussed, highlighting the advantages and limitations of major imaging techniques such as X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and optical imaging. Novel nanoparticle–based platforms are also explored and discussed with respect to their contribution toward improving tumor imaging sensitivity and specificity when compared with small-molecule contrast agents.
Beyond Academic Achievement Outcomes: The Impact of School on the Immigrant Political Incorporation of Undocumented Latinx Youth:

The immigrant political incorporation scholarship tends to stress the positive role that schools play in integrating undocumented Latinx youth. Yet, the racialization in school literature indicates...
Characterization of the Coupling Between Adjacent Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) Waveguides

Coupling between adjacent Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) waveguides as a function of the line geometry is presented for the first time. A two Dimension-Finite Difference Time Domain (2D-FDTD) analysis and measurements are used to show that the coupling decreases as the line to line separation and the grOUnd plane width increases. Furthermore, it is shown that for a given spacing between the center lines of two FGC lines, the coupling is lower if the ground plane width is smaller Lastly, electric field plots generated from the 2D-FDTD technique are presented which demonstrate a strong slotline mode is established in the coupled FGC line.
Comparison Study of Deep Learning Models for Colorectal Lesions Classification

In this paper, we performed a comparison study between GoogLeNet, AlexNet, and InceptionV3 deep learning models to recognize and classify colorectal cancer tumors. Colorectal tumors are one of the very common cancer types and early detection could result in a significantly higher survival rate of 95% as opposed to 12%. In this work, we aim to investigate the deep learning models to automatically detect the tumor types from polyp images. We, therefore, used actual images taken from the colorectal surgery or colonoscopy using Narrow-band imaging (NBI). The images are classified based on NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification. We used NICE 1 and NICE 2 types with a total of 2604 images in the size of 64x64. Our results show that the InceptionV3 model has the most accurate results by average 92.39% where AlexNet is 88.19% and GoogLeNet is 85.73%.
Understanding bias when estimating life expectancy from age at death: A simulation approach applied to Morquio Syndrome A

Background Life expectancy can be estimated accurately from a cohort of individuals born in the same year and followed from birth to death. Due to the difficult and time-consuming nature of following a cohort prospectively, life expectancy is often assessed based on death data, which may lead to potentially biased estimates. This is more likely to be a problem in rare diseases such as Morquio syndrome A. Method To investigate how accurate the estimation of life expectancy is using death data, we simulate the survival of individuals with Morquio syndrome A under four different survival scenarios. In each scenario, we estimate the mean and median survival times within a defined period and compare them with the true life expectancy. Results When life expectancy is constant during the entire period, using death data does not result in a biased estimate of life expectancy. However, when life expectancy increases during the follow-up period, using only death data leads to a substantial underestimation of life expectancy. Conclusion Life expectancy can change over time, along with changes in the environment and/or biomedical innovation. When the life expectancy is increasing — as is often expected to be the case in rare diseases — estimating it based on contemporary death data will result in a downward bias. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how estimates of life expectancy are obtained and to interpret them in an appropriate context, and to assess estimation methods within a sensitivity analysis framework, similar to the simulations performed herein.
Oxide-based platform for reconfigurable superconducting nanoelectronics

We report quasi-1D superconductivity at the interface of LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. The material system and nanostructure fabrication method supply a new platform for superconducting nanoelectronics. Nanostructures having line widths w 10 nm are formed from the parent two-dimensional electron liquid using conductive atomic force microscope lithography. Nanowire cross-sections are small compared to the superconducting coherence length in LaAlO3/SrTiO3, placing them in the quasi-1D regime. Broad superconducting transitions versus temperature and finite resistances in the superconducting state well below Tc 200 mK are observed, suggesting the presence of fluctuation- and heating-induced resistance. The superconducting resistances and V‐I characteristics are tunable through the use of a back gate. Four-terminal resistances in the superconducting state show an unusual dependence on the current path, varying by as much as an order of magnitude. This new technology, i.e., the ability to ‘write’ gate-tunable superconducting nanostructures on an insulating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 ‘canvas’, opens possibilities for the development of new families of reconfigurable superconducting nanoelectronics.
Late-Holocene climate changes linked to ecosystem shifts in the Northwest Wisconsin Sand Plain, USA:

Records of century-scale climate variability in the Upper Midwest generally agree that moisture availability increased between 4000 and 3000 cal. yr BP (calendar years before present = 1950 CE), an...
Beyond Cytosine Methylation: Ten-Eleven Translocation Proteins, Oxidized Methylcytosines, and Cancer

We discovered some years ago that enzymes of the TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) family were a new class of epigenetic regulators that altered the modification status of cytosine bases in DNA. The three mammalian TET enzymes - TET1, TET2 and TET3 - successively oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to yield 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). These modified cytosine bases (together termed oxidized methylcytosines, oxi-mC) facilitate DNA demethylation and are also novel epigenetic marks. DNA methylation has long been linked to developmental processes and to oncogenesis; similarly TET proteins, which alter DNA modification status, are implicated in numerous biological processes, including cell lineage specification, embryonic development, neuronal function, somatic cell reprogramming and cancer. Loss-of-function mutations in the TET2 gene are frequently associated with lymphoid and myeloid cancers in humans. Using mouse models and biochemical and genome-wude approaches, we have analysed the role of TET proteins and oxi-mC in immune and haematopoietic cells. I will describe the data and discuss possible mechanisms. Disclosures Rao: Cambridge Epigenetix: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.