cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in television sports reporting of men's and women's athletics: ESPN SportsCenter and CNN Sports Tonight

This study examines the amount of coverage given to women's athletics by the nation's two nightly sports news/highlights programs: ESPN SportsCenter and CNN Sports Tonight. The two programs were found to devote only about five percent of their air time to women's sports. Other measures, such as story placement and use of on‐camera comments also indicated an emphasis on men's athletics. The stories about women involved individual competition, with almost no attention given to women's team sports.
Nutrient transfer associated with precipitation in plantations of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)

Abstract Determinations of pH and annual atmospheric inputs of total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were made in a 7-year-old plantation of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) located on the floodplain of the Mississippi River near Greenville, MS. Concentrations and quantities of P, K, Ca, and Mg in precipitation and throughfall showed pronounced seasonal patterns, generally being greater in summer than winter. However, there was little difference between precipitation and throughfall N regardless of season. Relative to foliar element content, nutrients were leached in the order K>Mg>P>Ca with 47.3, 6.7, 3.1 and 31.2 kg/ha, respectively, being transferred to the forest floor. These quantities are generally higher than those reported for other forest species. The pH of precipitation increased upon contact with the summer canopy; however, the presence of acid precipitation (pH
Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction (HFNEF): embracing complexity.

During the two hours allotted for rounds, my co-attending and I† had eight new admissions to review with the housestaff on the cardiology service. The medical students, interns and residents began their well orchestrated presentations delineating the chief concerns and what led up to our new patients need to search out our services; exams findings were highlighted and the litany of previous non-invasive testing either previously performed or planned was outlined. The house officers and students seemed genuinely happy to have me there, as six of the admissions were admitted for decompensated heart failure and four had preserved systolic function. While my co-attending seemed surprised at the magnitude of the heart failure epidemic, I was not. Not only have patients with acute decompensated heart failure overwhelmed our cardiology units, but the phenotype has changed. During the time between his training (mid 1980s) and now, we have seen that the percentage of patients admitted with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction (HFNEF), increase from ~30% of all cases of heart failure to >50%.1 While our new patients shared some similarities, they were older adults (mean age of 77 years), mostly women and had ejection fractions of >45%, that is where one’s ability to recognize a pattern ended. Indeed, what was most striking was the phenotypic heterogeneity. Geriatricians have long recognized the striking heterogeneity found among chronically ill older adult persons with respect to physiologic function in addition to health status, belief systems, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, values, and personal preferences. It is often stated as “if you seen one octogenarian, then you have seen one octogenarian” and nothing could be more true of older adults with HFNEF. The clinical heterogeneity suggests that multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms underlie the development of the phenotype. Not only is HFNEF a common and progressive condition, it also has it underpinnings develop decades before the clinical manifestations are apparent.2, 3 Indeed the differences between individuals are manifested not as much by the presence or absence of a condition such as HFNEF but by the presence of other contributing conditions that affect the progression (see Figure 1). By the end of rounds, we had concluded that too little is known about potential differences among clinical subgroups of the syndrome we called heart failure with a normal ejection fraction and how we could alter the trajectory of its course. Figure 1 Panel A: Model of Chronic Disease such as HFNEF, in which risk factors that cause/contribute to syndrome are characterized by early age of onset, progression at various rates, and pass a symptomatic threshold at which time a clinical diagnosis is made. ...
Platelet imidazoline receptors as state marker of depressive symptomatology

Objective Previous studies have shown that imidazoline receptors (IR-1) are increased in platelets and frontal cortex of depressed patients, and this up-regulation is normalized (down-regulated) after antidepressant drug treatments. It has been hypothesized that IR-1 up-regulation during the depressive episode may be a state marker for depressive symptomatology. The goal of the present study was to address the state versus trait question.
Thinning, burning, and thin-burn fuel treatment effects on soil properties in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest

Abstract More than a century of fire exclusion and past timber management practices in many Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests have led to increased stand densities and fuel accumulation, with a corresponding risk of large, high severity wildfires. To reduce hazardous fuel accumulations and restore the health and natural processes of forest ecosystems, fuel management programs often employ thinning and prescribed fire treatments, both alone and in combination. We evaluated forest floor and mineral soil chemical and physical characteristics following these treatments in a managed Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest using a fully replicated study design with four separate treatments: THIN, BURN, THIN + BURN, and an untreated CONTROL. Compared to the CONTROL, the BURN and THIN + BURN treatments consumed a large amount of the forest floor, reducing the mass and depth by more than 80%. These treatments reduced the forest floor C and N pools by more than 85%, resulting in reductions of 25 Mg C ha−1 and more than 700 kg N ha−1 from the forest floor. Despite these large losses from the organic horizons, no significant differences in mineral soil total C and N pools were detected among treatments. Compared with the CONTROL and THIN treatments, the BURN and THIN + BURN significantly increased the mineral soil NO3-N concentration, pool of inorganic N, pH, and exposed bare soil. The THIN + BURN treatment significantly increased the concentrations of NH4-N and exchangeable Ca relative to the CONTROL. No significant differences in the net rates of nitrification, N mineralization, or bulk density were detected among the four treatments. The BURN treatment reduced mineral soil C concentration and CEC, while the THIN + BURN treatment had the greatest increase in inorganic N. Fire effects on soil pH and inorganic N were moderated in skid trails due to reduced fuel continuity and consumption. In light of the current management emphasis on hazardous fuels reduction, we recommend that researchers investigating fire effects in harvested stands include skid trail influences in their study design.
Globalization of the Automobile Industry

ABSTRACTThe Japanese automobile industry has spearheaded a globalization drive that began before World War II with its use of foreign technology. This internationalization effort relied on the export of initially subcompact cars to the United States followed by capital investments in overseas manufacturing plants and the transfer of technology. A concerted move into the luxury car market has brought the Japanese into direct competition with European makers even as joint ventures and equity investments are made in Europe. In this article, corporate decisions to expand abroad are discussed along with how these moves were facilitated by the revolution in global finance and the concurrent growth of the Japanese financial sector.
LARON'S DWARFISM: GROWTH AND IMMUNOREACTIVE INSULIN (IRI) FOLLOWING HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH)

A 13½-year-old prepubertal Mexican boy with features of growth hormone (GH) deficiency had elevated fasting GH (5.7-66 ng/ml). Serum somatomedin (Sm) activity (sulfation factor) was low 0.3 U/ml (normal > 0.3 U/ml). Sm activity remained low (0.16-0.25 U/ml) during and following HGH, 5 IU daily for 5 days. GH levels increased following insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IH) and L-dopa but not after arginine. Chlorpromazine suppressed fasting GH to <0.8 ng/ml but did not suppress GH release following IH. Dexamethasone did not suppress fasting GH or GH response to IH. Before HGH an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was abnormal with a peak plasma IRI of 21 μU/ml. Plasma testosterone (T) was 85 ng/100 ml. After 3 months of HGH (12 IU/week) the OGTT was normal and peak IRI 37 μU/ml; Sm was 0.22 U/ml and height increase (Δht)1.9 cm. After 6 months of HGH, peak IRI during OGTT was 74 μU/ml; Sm, 0.19-0.26 U/ml; plasma T, 425 ng/100 ml; and Δht, 3.8 cm. After 8½ months of HGH peak IRI was 69 μU/ml during OGTT; plasma T, 722 ng/100 ml; and total Δht, 6.3 cm. These data suggest that: a) growth was not mediated by circulating Sm but may have been due in part to insulin and perhaps HGH itself in addition to T; b) HGH had a direct affect on the pancreatic β-cell not mediated by circulating Sm; and c) the hypothalamic GH releasing hormone receptor was partially intact.
National Tides and Local Results in US House Elections

This article discusses whether candidates and campaigns in US House elections condition the influence of national political tides by magnifying their effects at the local level. Using election returns, it is shown that this interaction effect is quite small: a positive national tide increases votes for weak candidates almost as much as strong ones. However, competition and national tides in US House elections do interact to produce turnover: high-spending challengers rarely win without the help of a national tide. Contrary to many accounts in the American politics literature, it is also found that the tide's influence is weaker in open seats in certain important ways. Together, these findings suggest that US House candidates benefit from national tides but have a limited ability to create them, and that the prospects for national responsiveness are hurt by the trend towards heavier competition in open seats.
Universal conductance fluctuations in disordered metals

Recently it has been found both experimentally1–3 and theoretically4–8 that the electrical conductance in disordered metals exhibits fluctuations as the magnetic field B or the chemical potential µ is varied. The RMS magnitude of these fluctuations for a given sample is the same as that from sample to sample and is of the order δG≈e2/h, independent of the degree of disorder, the sample size, spatial dimensions, provided the temperature is low enough that the inelastic scattering length Lin, is larger than any of the sample dimensions5,7. Lin=(Dτin)1/2 is the distance an electron diffuses during the inelastic scattering time τin if D is the diffusion constant. It is to be emphasized that such fluctuations are not time-dependent noise. Instead, the conductance G(µ, B) is a deterministic, albeit fluctuating function of its arguments, for a given realization of the impurity configuration.
Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on lipid oxidation and volatiles content of irradiated, cooked turkey meat patties with different packaging

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on the storage stability and volatiles production in irradiated cooked turkey meat. Turkeys, raised with diets containing 25, 50, 75, or 100 IU of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (TA)/kg diet from 1 to 105 d of age, were fed with diets containing 25, 200, 400, or 600 IU of TA/kg diet from 105 to 122 d of age. Breast and leg meat patties were prepared, irradiated at 0 or 2.5 kGy dose, cooked to an internal temperature of 78 C, and stored in either vacuum or aerobic packaging. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values gradually decreased as the dietary TA increased and > 200 IU TA/kg diet treatments were helpful in maintaining low TBARS values in irradiated breast and leg meat patties during the 7-d storage period. With vacuum-packaging, irradiated cooked breast patties developed more oxidation than nonirradiated patties but the prooxidant effect of irradiation in cooked leg meat patties was not consistent. In aerobic-packaged cooked meat, irradiated patties had lower TBARS than nonirradiated patties in both breast and leg meat stored in oxygen permeable bags for 7 d. Propanal, pentanal, hexanal, 1-pentanol, and total volatiles were highly correlated with the TBARS values of meat. However, hexanal represented the lipid oxidation status of cooked meat better than any other volatiles component. The amount of hexanal and total volatiles in cooked breast and leg meat shows decreasing trends as dietary TA increased. In vacuum packaging, irradiated breast and leg meat had higher hexanal and total volatiles content than nonirradiated meat at both 0 and 7 d of storage. In aerobic packaging, the amount of hexanal and total volatiles greatly increased in both irradiated and nonirradiated meat patties during the 7-d storage periods. The results illustrated that the antioxidant effect of TA was not strong enough to control lipid oxidation and off-odor generation in cooked meat stored under aerobic conditions because the progress of lipid oxidation in cooked meat under aerobic condition is very rapid. However, the combination of dietary TA and vacuum packaging of cooked meat immediately after cooking could be a good strategy to minimize oxidation and volatiles production in cooked meat.
Changes and Absorption Features in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the PG 1159-Type Central Star RX J2117+3412

Comparison of IUE high- and low-dispersion spectra for the PG 1159-type central star of RX J2117+3412 indicates that the stellar continuum level and some absorption features decreased between 1993 and 1995. These observed changes may represent a new phenomenon not previously known to occur in PG 1159-type DO degenerates. The definite detection of O V λ1371 in co-added 1993 IUE spectra suggests that Teff for the star may have been even higher than 170,000 K in 1993. Radial velocities and equivalent widths were measured for more than 60 photospheric and circumstellar/interstellar features, some of which are compared with published data obtained from HST GHRS and IUE.
Gas transport in porous Vycor glass subjected to gradual pore narrowing

Porous Vycor® glass was modified by deposition of silica on the internal pore surface using consecutive cycles of liquid-phase silylation with silicon tetrachloride, and hydrolysis. Macroscopically uniform deposition was achieved by exploiting the self-limiting nature of the reaction and the extent of deposition was monitored by the weight change of the samples. Weight increases as high as 24% were recorded and the average pore diameter was estimated to decrease from ∼44 A to ∼20 A. Permeation measurements were conducted in the Henry’s law region at various levels of deposition for hydrogen, methane, isobutane and nitrogen, at temperatures between 60°C and 180°C. The measurements were compared to values calculated with a model using the effective medium approximation to treat network effects and Clausing’s correction to account for conductances in pores of finite aspect ratio. The calculated values proved to be inaccurate for hydrogen, overestimating the permeance by a factor of 2 at high levels of deposition possibly because of non-ideal pore shapes accentuated by the deposition. For nitrogen and methane the agreement between calculations and measurements was better due to a fortuitous cancellation of deviations caused by the enhanced potential energy well within the pores and the non ideal pore shape. The intrapore potential energy effect was especially strong for isobutane and as a result the calculated flux was always less than the experimental.
Lymphocyte Function in Major Depressive Disorder

Lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen was significantly lower in a group of hospitalized depressed patients than in matched controls. The absolute number of T and B cells was lower in the depressed group, but the percentage of these cell types did not differ between the groups. These findings may be related to the altered neuroendocrine function found in patients with depressive disorders.
Altered carnitine metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Carnitine metabolism was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Carnitine levels were elevated by 25% in hypertrophied hearts of 10- and 15-wk-old SHR when compared with Wistar-Kyoto (W...
Liver Tissue Preparation Using a Modified Cryoultramicrotomy Kit

The great potential of cryoultramicrotomy is that it is possible to observe the morphology of a sample in the electron microscope while at the same time analyze for its elemental composition using x-ray microanalysis. There are other methods using indirect means of studying the chemical composition of cell organelles, such as digestion and centrifugation, but cryoultramicrotomy is the only direct method. This unique ability will make cryoultramicrotomy a vital tool in the field of cell biology and pathology in the near future. Our interest is the quantitative analyses of diffusible elements in the mitochondria of rat liver before and after exposure to toxins both singularly and in mixtures. To obtain reliable and reproducible data it is critical that each step in the technique be carried out correctly. Any deviation in any of the steps will leave the final results in doubt.
Cotton responses to shade at different growth stages: growth, lint yield and fibre quality.

Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) has variable effects on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plant growth, development and lint yield, but little is known about the responses of yield, yield components and fibre quality to low PPFD at different developmental stages. Field studies were conducted in 1993–95 to determine the effects of an 8-d period of shade (63% reduction in PPFD) imposed at different developmental stages (pinhead square (PHS), first flower (FF), peak flower (PF) and boll development (BD)) on cotton growth, lint yield, yield components and fibre quality. Shade for 8 d at the early square stage did not affect cotton growth and yield. Shade during FF, PF and BD increased fruit abscission, and decreased specific leaf weight, dry matter accumulation, lint yield, fibre micronaire, and fibre strength compared with the unshaded control. The detrimental effect of shade on yield increased with later growth stages. Shade at the FF, PF and BD stages decreased lint yield by 18, 34 and 52% in 1993, and by 18, 21 and 29% in 1994 respectively compared with the unshaded control. Shade caused the greatest decrease in the dry weight (DW) of fruits (squares + flowers + bolls) and the smallest decrease in leaf DW among leaves, stems and fruits. Of the three yield components (boll number, boll weight and lint percentage), boll number was the most sensitive to shade. Shade during squaring and early flowering had little effect on average boll weight, and did not affect lint percentage. Decreased yield of cotton shaded during FF and PF appeared to be related to decreased boll retention. Shade during BD decreased both boll retention and average boll weight. Under shade conditions, fibre micronaire and fibre strength were decreased, while other fibre properties were unaffected. These results help explain the yield response of field-grown cotton to low PPFD stress.
Transient thermomechanical analysis of automotive disc brake with gray cast iron composition

The vehicle braking system is considered as one of the most fundamental safety-critical systems in modern vehicles as its main purpose is to stop or decelerate the vehicle. The frictional heat generated during braking application can cause numerous negative effects on the brake assembly such as brake fade, premature wear, thermal cracks and disc thickness variation (DTV). In this paper, transient and contact analysis of the brake disc is presented. The analysis was carried out using ANSYS Multiphysics 11.0 based on the thermomechanical coupled case. The temperature distribution obtained by the transient thermal analysis is used in the calculations of the stresses on the disc surface. The results presented are for the temperature during contact, for different values of time, deformations established in the disc, total stress and pressure contact distribution in the pads. The results obtained by the simulation are satisfactory compared with those of the specialized literature.
The university of Florida frameless high-precision stereotactic radiotherapy system☆

Purpose: To develop and test a system for high precision fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy that separates immobilization and localization devices. Methods and Materials: Patient localization is achieved through detection and digital registration of an independent bite plate system. The bite plate is made and linked to a set of six infrared light emitting diodes (IRLEDs). These IRLEDs are detected by an infrared camera system that identifies the position of each IRLED within 0.1 to 0.15 mm. Calibration of the camera system defines isocenter and translational X, Y, and Z axes of the stereotactic radiosurgery subsystem and thereby digitally defines the virtual treatment room space in a computer linked to the camera system. Positions of the bite plate's IRLEDs are processed digitally using a computer algorithm so that positional differences between an actual bite plate position and a desired position can be resolved within 0.1 mm of translation (X, Y, and Z distance) and 0.1 degree of rotation. Furthermore, bite plate misalignment can be displayed digitally in real time with translational (x, y, and z) and rotational (roll, pitch, and yaw ) parameters for an actual bite plate position. Immobilization is achieved by a custom head mold and thermal plastic mask linked by hook-and-loop fastener tape. The head holder system permits rotational and translational movements for daily treatment positioning based on the bite plate localization system. Initial testing of the localization system was performed on 20 patients treated with radiosurgery. The system was used to treat 11 patients with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Results: Assessment of bite plate localization in radiosurgery patients revealed that the patient's bite plate could be positioned and repositioned within 0.5 ± 0.3 mm (standard deviation). After adjustments, the first 11 patients were treated with the bite plate repositioning error reduced to 0.2 ± 0.1 mm. Conclusions: High precision stereotactic radiotherapy can be delivered using separate localization and immobilization systems. Treatment setup and delivery can be accomplished in 15 min or less. Advantages compared with standard systems require further study.
On the study of disarmament and escalation

a national defense policy, and in particular in their relation to deterrence. In the course of the last twenty years there has been a considerable growth in methods and theories concerning different aspects of human behavior. In particular, in situations involving conscious choice under conditions of possible conflict or cooperation there has been a development in political science, mathematical economics, programming, psychology, simulation, gaming, and game theory. For several years an expectation was built up that game-theoretical models would make an immediate operational contribution to the applied art and hoped-for science of weapons control. The diplomat, the general, and the social scientist, when confronted with the ill-defined and the uncontrollable, have often hoped for a "powerful witchmedicine" to solve their problems. A common modern formula for the powerful witch medicine contains a game-theoretic model and a large digital computer. Unfortunately, neither the growth of methodology nor technology by itself can solve problems which require a deep substantive knowledge. This does not mean that the new
Conservation of the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Pathway and Its Pathobiological Importance in Cryptococcus neoformans

The mammalian sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) homolog, Sre1, is important for adaptation and growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in the mouse brain, where oxygen concentration and nutritional conditions are suboptimal for fungal growth. The extent of conservation of the SREBP pathway in C. neoformans or in any other fungi, however, has not been investigated. We generated mutants susceptible to low oxygen and identified six genes that play a role in the SREBP pathway. Three of these genes (SFB2, KAP123, and GSK3) are not known to be involved in the SREBP pathway in other fungi. Furthermore, we show that C. neoformans contains an additional gene, DAM1, which functions in the SREBP pathway but is yet to be described. Mutants associated with the steps prior to formation of the nuclear Sre1 form dramatically reduced accumulation of the nuclear form under low-oxygen conditions. Concurrently, two mutant strains, scp1Δ and stp1Δ, and the previously isolated sre1Δ strain showed reduction in ergosterol levels, hypersensitivity to several chemical agents, including azole antifungals, CoCl2, and compounds producing reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, and most importantly, reduced virulence in mice. Mutants affecting genes involved in later steps of the Sre1 pathway, such as those required for import and phosphorylation of proteins in the nucleus, showed less compelling phenotypes. These findings suggest that the SREBP pathway is highly conserved in C. neoformans and it serves as an important link between sterol biosynthesis, oxygen sensing, CoCl2 sensitivity, and virulence in C. neoformans.
Capture power reduction using clock gating aware test generation

Scan-based manufacturing test of low power designs often exceeds the very tight functional constraints on average and instantaneous logic switching. The logic activity during the shift and launch-capture of test pattern data may lead to excessive power consumption and voltage droop. This paper focuses on the management of instantaneous power during the capture phase. By taking advantage of the existing clock gating circuitry and selectively holding the value of some scan flip-flops, switching activity during the capture cycles of a test can be reduced. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated on several industrial designs that show up to 30% (55%) reduction in instantaneous (average) capture switching.
Spatial-Query-by-Sketch

Today's methods for interacting with geographic information systems (GISs) and geographic databases are primarily aspatial, as they require users to deal with geographic data primarily through alphanumeric command languages. Spatial querying by typing a command in some spatial query language or by selecting the same syntax from pull-down menus is a tedious process, because it often requires extensive training in the use of the particular query language, and forces users to translate a spatial image they may have in their mind into a non-spatial language. To overcome this conceptual gap, we propose Spatial-Query-by-Sketch, a sketch-based GIS user interface that focuses on specifying spatial relations by drawing them. This query style more directly supports human spatial thinking, which is critical because users frequently have an image-like representation in their minds when they query about spatial configurations. This paper introduces the fundamental concepts of Spatial-Query-by-Sketch, provides examples of typical interactions and discusses query processing strategies by relaxing the constraints drawn in terms of a qualitative model.
Diagnostically Challenging Spindle Cell Neoplasms of the Retroperitoneum

The diagnostic spectrum of spindle cell neoplasms arising in the retroperitoneum is wide and, in the presence of commonly shared morphologic features, it may be challenging to establish a correct diagnosis in certain cases. Beyond seemingly undifferentiated spindle cell morphology, most neoplasms may reveal distinctive adipocytic, smooth muscle or myofibroblastic or nerve sheath differentiation and show additional diagnostic clues or characteristic molecular abnormalities. Obtaining sufficient and representative biopsy material, a thorough work-up, and extensive sampling of gross specimens followed by a combined histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and, if necessary, molecular work-up of these cases is advisable so as not to miss important diagnostic and/or prognostic indicators.
Liquid mirror telescope applications

The advent of inexpensive large aperature near diffraction limited Liquid Mirror Telescopes (LMT's) makes possible applications not sensitive to their near vertical viewing nature; such as, astronomical surveys, space debris surveys, lidar collectors, and laser radiation concentrators, for plasma creation experiments in the sky. LMTs are easily an order of magnitude less expensive than a polished glass reflectors, which are only approximations to the naturally perfect parabolic surtace created by a rotating liquid. Highly reflecting liquid mercury is easily cleaned and safe when handled correctly.
Parent Practices in Facilitating Self-Determination Skills: The Influences of Culture, Socioeconomic Status, and Children's Special Education Status:

This survey study investigated the influences of culture, socioeconomic status, and children's special education status on parents' engagement in fostering self-determination behaviors. Major findings included (a) children from Caucasian families were more involved in personal independence activities than Asian and African American children; (b) Asian and immigrant parents did not believe in exercising parental authority or emphasize family priorities as expected; and (c) parents with college degrees gave their children more opportunities to express their interests, make daily decisions that have important impacts on their life, and set personal goals than parents without college degrees. Similarly, parents of higher-income families were more likely to engage in practices that fostered their children's self-determination skills. Parents of students with disabilities, however, were less likely to engage in these practices. The implications of these findings are discussed.
A game-theoretic design for collaborative tracking in a video camera network

Tracking a moving target of interest at a high resolution with a dynamically designated network camera while ensuring complete-coverage of the area under surveillance of a video camera network can be a challenging task. Game theory can be applied to the situation, treating individual cameras as players and area coverage as utility. Camera collaboration is needed when one camera handoff the job of tracking a moving target of interest to another. By taking into account coverage shared by two cameras as secondary utility and giving precedence to border-covering camera directions, we can improve the performance of collaborative tracking, reducing complete-coverage failures as well as their associated uncovered blocks between handoffs. The cost of camera adjustment involved in a handoff can also be reduced this way.
The BAL QSO Theory

The main point of the present theory is the joint consideration of the three interacting flows: the cloudy absorbing gas, the hot plasma stream, and the QSO radiation flow. The main conclusions are: i) the line-locking effect is explained, and ii) the comparison of numerical solutions with the observed spectra shows that the BAL QSOs must contain a massive compact stellar cluster which may be the physical reason of the “radio-quietness” of the QSOs.
Milk composition varies in relation to the presence and abundance of Balantidium coli in the mother in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Primate infants require extensive maternal investment, and lactation is the most expensive aspect of this investment. However, the relationship between maternal condition and milk composition has been largely uninvestigated in primates. To better understand this relationship, I collected mid-lactation milk samples from 46 captive multiparous rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at the Caribbean Primate Research Center, Sabana Seca Field Station, Puerto Rico. The maternal variables assessed were age, weight, weight for crown–rump length (CRL), and presence of parasites. Additionally the analysis included infant age, weight, and sex. Protein concentration in milk showed little interindividual variation, whereas fat had a high variance. Mothers without the lower intestinal parasite Balantidium coli had a significantly higher fat concentration in milk than mothers with B. coli, but other parasite species (Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloides fulleborni) were not associated with milk fat concentration. Females with younger infants had a higher fat concentration in their milk than mothers with older infants; however, the association between B. coli and milk fat remained significant after controlling for infant age. These results, obtained from a well fed captive population, indicate that even small differences among mothers are associated with milk composition. Am. J. Primatol. 69:625–634, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Liss, Inc.
Artificial neural systems for geometric and non-geometric combinatorial optimization problems

Summary form only given, as follows. Novel neural network approaches to two combinatorial optimization problems, the maximal independent set problem (which is nongeometric) and the traveling salesman problem (the planar case is geometric). The primary contribution of the present work with respect to the maximal independent set problem is to present a neural network approach which suits especially well a specific instance of the problem which occurs in operations research. For the traveling salesman problem, a particularly simple approach akin to competitive learning with a conscience mechanism is used to generate good, feasible solutions quickly. >
Insulin Promoter Factor 1 variation is associated with type 2 diabetes in African Americans.

Background Defective insulin secretion is a key defect in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The β-cell specific transcription factor, insulin promoter factor 1 gene (IPF1), is essential to pancreatic development and the maintenance of β-cell mass. We hypothesized that regulatory or coding variants in IPF1 contribute to defective insulin secretion and thus T2DM.
Improved desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry performance using edge sampling and a rotational sample stage

The position of the surface to be analyzed relative to the sampling orifice or capillary into the mass spectrometer has been known to dramatically affect the observed signal levels in desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). In analyses of sample spots on planar surfaces, DESI-MS signal intensities as much as five times greater were routinely observed when the bottom of the sampling capillary was appropriately positioned beneath the surface plane ('edge sampling') compared with when the capillary just touched the surface. To take advantage of the optimum 'edge sampling' geometry and to maximize the number of samples that could be analyzed in this configuration, a rotational sample stage was integrated into a typical DESI-MS setup. The rapid quantitative determination of caffeine in two diet sport drinks spiked with an isotopically labeled internal standard demonstrated the utility of this approach.
Cutaneous involvement with marginal zone lymphoma.

Background Cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) may be a primary cutaneous condition or the result of secondary involvement from noncutaneous MZL. Distinguishing primary cutaneous MZL (PCMZL) from secondary cutaneous MZL (SCMZL) is of utmost importance for prognostic and therapeutic approach. Objective We describe the clinical and histologic features of 4 cases of SCMZL (3 cases of nodal MZL and one case of orbital extranodal MZL), compare them with a cohort of 30 cases of PCMZL, and describe distinctive features of SCMZL. Methods Thirty cases of PCMZL and 4 cases of non-PCMZL with secondary skin involvement were identified in our cutaneous lymphoma and dermatopathology databases. The medical records were reviewed regarding clinical, histologic, laboratory, and radiologic findings; disease course; response to treatment; and follow-up. All cases were reviewed by 3 dermatopathologists. Results The histopathological and immunohistochemical features of SCMZL were indistinguishable from our cases with PCMZL. However, the clinical presentation in SCMZL appeared to be distinct. We observed these lesions in an older patient population and in 3 of 4 cases the lesions predominantly involved the head/neck area. Limitations As PCMZL and SCMZLs are exceedingly rare, only 34 patients were identified in this single-institution study. Conclusions The histologic and immunophenotypic changes in skin lesions from SCMZL may be indistinguishable from those in PCMZL. However, there may be some differences in the typical clinical presentation. PCMZL may be seen in younger patients and favors the trunk and extremities whereas MZL secondarily involving the skin favors the head/neck regions and is limited to older patients. Because there may be considerable overlap in the clinical presentations for patients with primary and secondary cutaneous disease, it is not unreasonable to perform a systemic evaluation for all patients.
Vitamin D Binding Protein and Bone Health

Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is the major carrier protein of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) in the circulation, where it may serve roles in maintaining stable levels during times of decreased 25(OH) availability and in regulating delivery of 25(OH) D to target tissues. Several genetic polymorphisms of DBP have been described that lead to phenotypic changes in the protein that may affect affinity, activity, and concentration. These polymorphisms have been linked with alterations in bone density in several populations. One of the mechanisms by which DBP may alter bone health involves regulating vitamin D bioavailability. DBP-bound vitamin is thought to be relatively unavailable to target tissues, and thus alterations in DBP levels or affinity could lead to changes in vitamin D bioactivity. As a result, functional vitamin D status may differ greatly between individuals with similar total 25(OH) D levels. Additionally, DBP may have independent roles on macrophage and osteoclast activation. This review will summarize recent findings about DBP with respect to measures of bone density and health.
Are Female Accountants More Ethical Than Male Accountants: A Comparative Study Between The U.S. And Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to determine and compare the ethical reasoning levels of accounting students in the U.S. and Taiwan based on gender. This research found that female accounting students possess higher levels of ethical reasoning than male students. The means of the DIT P and N2 scores for females are higher than males by 20% and 18.5% respectively. The results show that there is no significant difference of the ethical reasoning abilities of male accounting students between the U.S. and Taiwan. The results also show that there is no significant difference between the ethical reasoning levels of female accounting students in Taiwan and the ethical reasoning levels of female accounting students in the U.S.
Police-involved homicide of unarmed Black males: Observations by Black scholars in the midst of the April 2015 Baltimore uprising

ABSTRACTBlack scholars who reside in the United States balance their teaching, research responsibility, and lived experience with the urgent need to address the racial inequality and violence that has characterized Black life. The authors of this article explore police-involved homicides of unarmed Black males through the unique lens of Black scholars. Embedded in an ecological perspective, the authors address three critical questions: (1) From the viewpoint of the Black scholar, what was the impact of the recent events? (2) To what extent have the recent events influenced pedagogical and community work by Black scholars? and (3) In light of the recent events, what can be done to improve policies and strengthen your academic discipline? The insights offered by eight multidisciplinary authors offer promising alternatives to current public policy, training, and general community practice.
Statistical Quantification of Material Structure

This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts associated with the statistical quantification of material structure. This is accomplished mainly in the framework of n-point spatial correlations (or simply n-point statistics). Although the theory is cast for a general treatment, this chapter focuses mainly on 2-point statistics. This chapter provides many details involved in the efficient computation of 2-point statistics using discrete Fourier transforms. The application of the 2-point statistics to microstructure reconstructions and representative volume elements is also discussed in detail.
Charge Model 5: An Extension of Hirshfeld Population Analysis for the Accurate Description of Molecular Interactions in Gaseous and Condensed Phases.

We propose a novel approach to deriving partial atomic charges from population analysis. The new model, called Charge Model 5 (CM5), yields class IV partial atomic charges by mapping from those obtained by Hirshfeld population analysis of density functional electronic charge distributions. The CM5 model utilizes a single set of parameters derived by fitting to reference values of the gas-phase dipole moments of 614 molecular structures. An additional test set (not included in the CM5 parametrization) contained 107 singly charged ions with nonzero dipole moments, calculated from the accurate electronic charge density, with respect to the center of nuclear charges. The CM5 model is applicable to any charged or uncharged molecule composed of any element of the periodic table in the gas phase or in solution. The CM5 model predicts dipole moments for the tested molecules that are more accurate on average than those from the original Hirshfeld method or from many other popular schemes including atomic polar ten...
The Superpower and the Church

Dr. Michael K. Duffey is associate professor of Christian Ethics in the Department of Theology at Marquette University and director of the Marquette University Interdisciplinary Minor in Justice and Peace. Duffey is the author of Peacemaking Christians (Sheed and Ward, 1995) and Sowing Justice, Reaping Peace (Rowman and Littlefield, 2001). His e-mail address is Michael.Duffey@marquette.edu. The Superpower and the Church
How should GP registrars prepare for the MRCGP CSA exam

Dear EditorWe write as we thought your readers might be interested in the following and as we wish to share this with all of our GPs in training colleagues worldwide.As a group of GPST2s in Ketteri...
Self-restrained testing for residual stress driven cracking in nickel-based alloys

Abstract The use of nickel-based superalloys in the hottest sections of coal-fired power plants would enable efficiency gains and emissions reductions. In order to study the effect of residual stress on cracking susceptibility in some candidate superalloys, compact tension samples were pre-strained in compression beyond yield and tested without additional external loading. The testing parameters pre-strain and temperature were investigated and were found to have a minor effect on cracking relative to microstructure. The microstructural factors which had the strongest effect on crack length were grain size and degree of intragranular gamma prime precipitation.
Expression of the Brazil nut methionine-rich protein and mutants with increased methionine in transgenic potato.

A cDNA encoding the methionine-rich (19 mol% Met) protein in Brazil nut was placed under the regulation of CaMV 35S promoter and nopaline synthase terminator and introduced into the potato cultivar Russet Burbank via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. To further enhance the Met content in the transgenic plants, chimeric genes containing four mutant constructs, BoxIa (with 5 additional Met), BoxIIa (2 additional Met), BoxIaIIa (7 additional Met), and BoxIIa2 (7 additional Met), were also generated by sequence modifications of the cDNA and transferred into potato. Analysis of the microtubers and leaves of the transgenic potato plants revealed, in general, with the exception of the BoxIIa2, the presence of mRNA transcripts of the expected size and the correctly processed Met-rich 9 kDa subunit polypeptides. The expression levels in the leaves among the various constructs and individual transgenic plants varied between <0.01% and 0.2% of total protein. The corresponding expression in the tubers was usually 2- to 4-fold lower than in leaves. In the case of BoxIIa2, which contains two tandem repeats of the BoxIIa mutant sequence, a larger (10.5–11 kDa) polypeptide was detected. These findings demonstrated that it is feasible to exploit the variable region of the Brazil Nut 2S protein for enhanced Met contents and perhaps for other desirable properties.
Accessibility and Availability of Online Information for Orthopedic Surgery Residency Programs.

BACKGROUND Prospective orthopedic residency applicants commonly use one of three databases to identify potential programs: Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), American Medical Association (FREIDA), or Orthogate. org. In addition, institutional websites are typically the primary source of information once programs are identified. We sought to evaluate the databases and websites used by prospective orthopedic surgery applicants for content and accessibility. We hypothesized that information would be more available in comparison to previous studies but would still fail to provide complete, up to date program information for the prospective applicant. METHODS Three online databases were queried in December 2014 to compile a list of orthopedic residency programs in the United States. This combined list was used as a basis for evaluating individual institution websites. Previously described criteria were used to evaluate the availability of information contained within orthopedic surgery residency websites. RESULTS At the time of online review, 157 programs were identified. Depending on the database in question, up to 33% of programs either did not provide a link or listed a non-functioning link. Among the variety of evaluated criteria, inclusion of the information varied between 12% and 97% for the individual program websites. CONCLUSIONS Online databases are useful in listing programs, but individual program details and direct functional links are lacking. Most program websites contain varying degrees of desired information; however, not all programs maintain websites which consistently provide information to satisfy the evaluated criteria in this study. Improved online accessibility and availability of information for residency programs would increase their visibility and utility for prospective applicants.
Gene Location for Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency

Linkage of a molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCoD) gene to an 8-cM region on chromosome 6p21.3 has been localized by homozygosity mapping in 2 consanguineous affected kindreds of Israeli-Arab origin, including 5 patients, at the Department of Genetics, Tamkin Research Facility, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.