cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing How People Use Your Content

Content analysis gives you insight into how people interact with the pages on your website. This chapter covers analysis of usage metrics, such as pageviews, unique pageviews, average time on page, entrances, bounce rate, and % exit, and describes the implications of different patterns that you may observe. The challenge of click-path analysis is that for most websites, user behavior is so varied that it is impossible to generalize about the complete beginning-to-end experience of using your website. It is more productive to focus on relationships between pages: how people get to a page and where they go from a page. This analysis will help you uncover surprising relationships that may lead to discovering problems on pages. You can analyze specific pages, and with some work, combine data for multiple pages with the same layout to learn how users interact with an entire class of pages on your website.
Damage Control Surgery

Damage control is a combination of surgical techniques and damage control resuscitation. It can be performed in injuries involving the abdomen, chest, neck, vessels, bones, and soft tissues. It should be considered in patients with persistent bleeding and limited physiological reserve, in austere environments with limited resources, and in bleeding from anatomically difficult areas. It is a three-stage approach and involves temporary control of bleeding by packing, vascular shunting, or ligation and control of intestinal spillage in the operating room (first stage), physiological stabilization in the intensive care unit (second stage), and semi-elective definitive repair of all injuries in the operating room (third stage).
Assessment of perioperative nutrition practices and attitudes-A national survey of colorectal and GI surgical oncology programs.

Abstract Background Implementation of evidence-based peri-operative nutrition in the U.S. is poorly described and hypothesized to be suboptimal. This study broadly describes practices and attitudes regarding nutrition screening/intervention in U.S. gastrointestinal and oncologic surgeons. Methods Nationwide nutritional practice survey of GI/Oncologic surgical faculty. Results Program response rates were 57% and 81% for colorectal and oncology fellowships, respectively. Only 38% had formal nutritional screening processes in place. Average estimated percent of patients malnourished, receiving nutritional screening, and receiving nutritional supplementation preoperatively were 28%, 43%, and 21%, respectively. University-affiliation ( p = 0.0371) and a formal screening process ( p = 0.0312) predicted higher preoperative nutritional screening rates. Controversy existed regarding routine use of perioperative immunonutrition, but strong consensus emerged that lack of awareness regarding positive data for immunonutrition impedes usage. Conclusion U.S. surgeons recognize importance of perioperative nutritional screening and benefits of basic nutrition therapy. However, limited formal nutrition screening programs currently exist indicating a significant need for implementation of nutrition screening and basic nutrition intervention. Further work on education, implementation and identifying clinical research needs for immunonutrition interventions is also vitally needed. Summary This study broadly describes nutritional practices and attitudes of gastrointestinal and oncologic surgeons across the U.S. Surgeons recognize both the importance of proper perioperative surgical nutritional support and the potential value to their practice in terms of outcomes, but this study confirms poor implementation of evidence-based nutrition practices in GI and oncologic surgery programs. This study describes a significant opportunity to capitalize on current favorable surgeon beliefs (and positive published data) regarding the benefit of perioperative nutrition to improve surgical nutrition practice and patient outcomes in the U.S.
The Lactococcus lactis KF147 nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase system confers resistance to oxidative stress during growth on plant leaf tissue lysate

Strains of Lactococcus lactis isolated from plant tissues possess adaptations that support their survival and growth in plant-associated microbial habitats. We previously demonstrated that genes coding for a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase (NRPS/PKS) system involved in production of an uncharacterized secondary metabolite are specifically induced in L. lactis KF147 during growth on plant tissues. Notably, this NRPS/PKS has only been identified in plant-isolated strains of L. lactis. Here, we show that the L. lactis KF147 NRPS/PKS genes have homologs in certain Streptococcus mutans isolates and the genetic organization of the NRPS/PKS locus is conserved among L. lactis strains. Using an L. lactis KF147 mutant deficient in synthesis of NrpC, a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase, we found that the NRPS/PKS system improves L. lactis during growth under oxidative conditions in Arapidopsis thaliana leaf lysate. The NRPS/PKS system also improves tolerance of L. lactis to reactive oxygen species and specifically H2 O2 and superoxide radicals in culture medium. These findings indicate that this secondary metabolite provides a novel mechanism for reactive oxygen species detoxification not previously known for this species.
Harnessing Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) Communication Technology: Sending Traffic Warnings to Texting Pedestrians.

Objective:We examined how sending mobile-device warnings to texting pedestrians when they initiate an unsafe road crossing influences their decisions and actions.Background:Pedestrian texting has b...
Applications in Microelectronics

Plasmas are used in several major microelectronics processes: sputtering, plasmaenhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), plasma etching, ashing, implantation, and surface cleaning/modification, each is described below and a few process steps are shown schematically in Fig. 3: Deposition: - Semiconductor (silicon) - Metal (aluminum, copper, alloys) - Dielectric (silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, metal oxides, low-k dielectrics) Etching: - Semiconductor (silicon) - Metal (aluminum, copper, alloys) - Dielectric (silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, metal oxides, low-k dielectrics) Ashing: - Photoresist removal - Photoresist trimming Implantation: - Dopant ion implant (B+, P+, As+ ...etc.)
The Congressional Dynamics of Immigration Reform

Unauthorized immigration and the status of millions of undocumented immigrants in the US are subjects that for years have spurred ferocious debate over the airwaves, on campaign trails, and in statehouses across the country. Yet these fiery battles have stood in bold contrast to the deep freeze that enveloped comprehensive immigration reform in the halls of Congress. As congressional scholars like Thomas Mann and Norman Ornstein have observed, the emergence of increasingly “parliamentary parties” on Capitol Hill—parties that are ideologically polarized, internally unified, and vehemently oppositional—has yielded stalemate and dysfunction in a separation-of-powers system. And few issues rivaled illegal immigration for how great the divide was between the Democratic and Republican bases—an ideological distance replicated in Congress. Soon after entering office in 2009, President Barack Obama’s administration found it impossible to find key Republican lawmakers willing to work across the aisle on immigration reform. Obama officials responded to these hurdles by explaining that immigration legislation would have to come after more looming priorities such as economic stimulus, health care, and financial regulatory reform as reported by Thompson and Herszenhorn and Farrell. Meanwhile, partly as a “down payment” on comprehensive reform, the Obama administration continued and expanded several enforcement programs initiated during the final years of the administration of President George W. Bush, deporting a record number of unauthorized immigrants in each of Obama’s first 2 years in office.
On the cost of academic methodologies

The cost of reagents and catalysts employed in synthetic methodologies developed in academia is very rarely discussed. Yet these costs are very real as they represent a significant portion of any grant proposal budget. Herein, we wish to introduce the concept of Cost of Academic Methodologies (CAM) as an aspect, which should be considered when evaluating synthetic methodologies. We also introduce an associated concept: the Aggregate Molecular Weight (AMW). In order to illustrate these concepts, examples from various laboratories, including our own, are evaluated through the CAM/AMW lens.
A Practical Guide for the Current Use of Biologic Therapies in Sports Medicine

Over the past decade, there has been an increased interest in the use of biologic therapies in sports medicine. Although these technologies are in relatively early stages of development, there have been substantial increases in marketing, patient demand, and clinical utilization of biologics, including platelet-rich plasma, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, and other cell-derived therapies. Direct-to-consumer marketing of biologics has also proliferated but is largely unregulated, and clinicians must accurately convey the safety and efficacy profiles of these therapies to patients. Because most insurance companies consider biologic treatments to be experimental or investigational for orthopaedic applications given the lack of high-quality evidence to support their efficacy, patients receiving these treatments often make substantial out-of-pocket payments. With a range of treatment costs among centers offering biologics, there is a need for appropriate and sustainable pricing and reimbursement models. Clinicians utilizing biologics must also have a thorough understanding of the recently clarified Food and Drug Administration guidelines that regulate the clinical use of cell and tissue products. There is a lack of consensus on the optimal preparation, source, delivery method, and dosing of biologic therapies, which has been exacerbated by a lack of sufficient experimental detail in most published studies. Future research must better identify the biologic target of treatment, adhere to better standards of reporting, and better integrate researchers, industry, and regulatory bodies to optimize applications.
Comprehensive Analysis of Temperature in Hospitalized Patients.

Abstract Background Human body temperature is believed to be linked to clinical diagnoses. However, most of the available data stems from healthy individuals, with no large-scale studies addressing body temperature in the inpatient setting, which is the focus of our study. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of a total of 695,107 temperature readings from 16,245 patients hospitalized over a 1-year period at a tertiary medical center, ages 0-105 years, 50% female, with rectal, monotherm, axillary, oral, temporal and tympanic measurement sites. The average temperature (Tave) per patient and per measurement site was used in all calculations. Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, and Pearson's correlation were used, where appropriate, with statistical significance set at P Results Tave from all measurement sites was 98.13 ± 0.48(SD)F(36.74 ± 0.27°C). Tave varied by the site of measurement, in decreasing order highest-to-lowest being rectal, monotherm, axillary, oral, temporal, and tympanic, all of which were higher than the available reported averages for healthy subjects. Tave decreased as patients’ age increased. There was only slight and likely clinically insignificant difference between the sexes. There were differences in Tave between the intensive care units (ICUs), listed from highest-to-lowest: Neuro ICU, Pediatric ICU, Surgical ICU, Cardiac ICU and Medical ICU. However, there was no difference between all ICU and non-ICU patients. Conclusions Our inpatient data demonstrate that previously identified body temperature trends among healthy subjects are preserved, to an extent, in the inpatient setting. To our knowledge, ours is the first study that evaluates the temperatures of all hospitalized patients at a large tertiary medical center.
Digital Microfabrication on Paper and Cloth for Heavy Metal Detection and Remediation

This study introduces a novel and rapid digital fabrication technique for transferring metals on flexible substrates such as cloth, paper, and thermo-resistant films, and demonstrates a low-cost method for prototyping and producing micro/nano flexible sensors and devices. A set of office equipment such as a laser jet printer, a thermal laminator, a craft cutting machine, and inexpensive copper leaf sheets (for furniture restoration) is used for this technique. The proposed method takes advantage of the strong adhesion property of the laser jet toner particles on printed patterns under heating. The applications have been demonstrated for the detection and remediation of heavy metal contaminants in water with devices made on paper and cloth, respectively.
Phytoplankton Community Composition Determined From Co-variability Among Phytoplankton Pigments From the NAAMES Field Campaign

Analysis of phytoplankton chemotaxonomic markers from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment determination is a common approach for evaluating phytoplankton community structure from ocean samples. Here, HPLC phytoplankton pigment concentrations from samples collected underway and from CTD bottle sampling on the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) are used to assess phytoplankton community composition over a range of seasons and environmental conditions. Several data-driven statistical techniques, including hierarchical clustering, Empirical Orthogonal Function, and network-based community detection analyses, are applied to examine the associations between groups of pigments and infer phytoplankton communities found in the surface ocean during the four NAAMES campaigns. From these analyses, five distinguishable phytoplankton community types emerge based on the associations of phytoplankton pigments: diatom, dinoflagellate, haptophyte, green algae, and cyanobacteria. We use this dataset, along with phytoplankton community structure metrics from flow cytometric analyses, to characterize the distributions of phytoplankton biomarker pigments over the four cruises. The physical and chemical drivers influencing the distribution and co-variability of these five dominant groups of phytoplankton are considered. Finally, the composition of the phytoplankton community across the onset, accumulation, and decline of the annual phytoplankton bloom in a changing North Atlantic Ocean is compared to historical paradigms surrounding seasonal succession.
The State Perspective

In the slightly tarnished, but nevertheless still golden state of California. It’s no secret that we’ve been experiencing a few difficulties, Governor Pete Wilson, has probably experienced virtually every type of social or natural disaster found in recorded history in the first two years of his tenure as our state’s chief executive, whether it be disastrous floods in the midst of a drought, incredible holocaust-like fires, social disruption in Los Angeles, not to mention an earthquake or two; finally, the downturn in the national economy and reduction in spending on aerospace and defense industries that are key to the economic strength of California. We’ve seen it all.
Abstract P208: Imaging The Longitudinal Reduction In Placental Ischemia In Response To Therapeutic Intervention For Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is believed to be induced by abnormal vascular remodeling and the resulting placental ischemia during early development. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, reduces the matern...
Twisting of filamentary vortex solitons demarcated by fast Poincaré recursion

The dynamics of vortex solitons is studied in a BEC superfluid. A quantum lattice-gas algorithm (measurementbased quantum computation) is employed to examine the dynamical behavior vortex soliton solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (φ 4 interaction nonlinear Schroedinger equation). Quantum turbulence is studied in large grid numerical simulations: Kolmogorov spectrum associated with a Richardson energy cascade occurs on large flow scales. At intermediate scales, a new k −5.9 power law emerges, due to vortex filamentary reconnections associated with Kelvin wave instabilities (vortex twisting) coupling to sound modes and the exchange of intermediate vortex rings. Finally, at very small spatial scales a k −3 power law emerges, characterizing fluid
Nonneoplastic Diseases of the Stomach

This chapter reviews the key clinical and histological findings of the most common forms of gastritis, focusing on diagnostically relevant questions for reactive gastropathy, peptic disease, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis, and autoimmune gastritis. In addition the key histological findings are discussed for rare forms of gastritis including lymphocytic gastritis, collagenous gastritis, granulomatous gastritis, eosinophilic gastritis, Sarcina gastritis, autoimmune atrophic pangastritis, idiopathic chronic gastritis, and Menetrier disease.
Clinicoradiographic and genetic features of cerebral small vessel disease indicate variability in mode of inheritance for monoallelic HTRA1 variants.

Background Biallelic pathogenic variants in HTRA1 cause CARASIL. More recently, monoallelic variants have been associated with the autosomal dominant disorder CADASIL2 but not all carriers develop disease manifestations. We describe the clinicoradiologic and mutation spectrum of four new CADASIL2 individuals. Methods Medical records at Mayo Clinic between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with cerebral small vessel disease related to monoallelic HTRA1 variants. Results Four patients met the study inclusion criteria for cerebral small vessel disease related to HTRA1 monoallelic variants. The mean age at onset of first clinical stroke was 51.25 years (range 41-64 years). The mean disease duration was 6.5 years (range 4-12). All individuals had recurrent strokes within the duration of follow-up with a mean number of strokes per patient being 5.5 (range 2-12). Three individuals had leukoencephalopathy with brain stem involvement. Microhemorrhages were seen on brain MRI in three patients. HTRA1 monoallelic variants identified in our cohort were missense variants in three patients and a novel frameshift variation in one patient. Interestingly, two of these missense variants were previously reported in an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and here are associated with a dominant effect. Conclusions Clinicoradiologic characteristics of heterozygous HTRA1-related CSVD may overlap with sporadic CSVD. Heterozygous HTRA1 variants can contribute to dominant or recessive disease mechanisms.
The Increased tPA Utilization over the Years Disproportionately Benefited White Men (P07.218)

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that the rise in tPA utilization differentially affected race and gender subgroups. BACKGROUND: Intravenous tPA utilization has increased in the United States across the last decade. Gender disparities in tPA use are recognized. While blacks are at a disadvantage with regards to tPA use, little is known about stroke care among hispanic patients. DESIGN/METHODS: Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the years 2001 through 2009 were analyzed. The data represents a 20% sample of all inpatient hospitalizations in the United States. Patients discharged with a diagnosis of Ischemic stroke were identified using ICD-9 codes. The code 99.10 was used to identify patients who received tPA. Trends in utilization were compared between race and gender subgroups. RESULTS: The NIS had 1,003,533 ischemic stroke discharges over 9 years. Race data was available in 757,238 patients. All races demonstrated significant increase in tPA utilization between 2001 and 2009: 1.15% to 4% among whites; 0.83% to 3.30% among blacks and 0.72% to 2.91% among hispanic (p for trend CONCLUSIONS: The rise in tPA utilization in the last decade was greatest among white men and lowest among minority women. Social and cultural factors putting minority women at a disadvantage need to be explored and corrected. Disclosure: Dr. Bhattacharya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chaturvedi has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech, Inc., Abbott Vascular, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Thornhill Research.
Optical Measurement of Needle Insertion Depth

We present an optical encoder to report the insertion depth of surgical needles with sub-millimeter resolution. The work pertains to robot-assisted percutaneous needle placement applications. The motivating application is prostate brachytherapy, a procedure to permanently implant radioactive seeds into the prostate to eradicate cancer. Independently, we developed multiple robotic needle placement systems involving a motorized needle driver with axially loaded friction transmission and also a fully manual needle driver. Both needle driving approaches require encoding the depth of needle insertion. The implant needles have a pattern with reflective and non-reflective stripes of 5 mm in length. To achieve sub-millimeter encoding accuracy, a method based on a linear sensor array has been developed. It yielded a compact and robust optical encoder that is low-cost and potentially disposable. Custom hardware was prototyped, including light source, linear array sensor, needle guide, microcontroller, and USB interface
A Chinese theory of scholarly inquiry

Purpose – The main purpose of this editorial is to combine the philosophies of learning from the Eastern and the Western cultures, offer some inspiration to researchers, and promote unique and interesting contributions to the literature in Chinese human research management (HRM) research.Design/methodology/approach – To illustrate the Eastern ways of thinking, the author selects two interesting Chinese words, uses reverse‐engineering, and demonstrates how our ancestors used rich, deep, and powerful meanings to design these Chinese words (Graphic 1) and also explores the meaning of knowledge or wisdom. They also reflect the Western culture and recent management literature.Findings – The paper shows how researchers need to follow philosophical thoughts of the East and the West; study and evaluate the rich literature carefully; think deeply in order to challenge general assumptions and ask novel, original, and meaningful research questions; provide practical new knowledge; and make a significant contribution...
The electronic states of carbon monofluoride: Low-lying valence states

Abstract Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations are reported on the low-lying valence states, the X2Π, 4Σ−, B2Δ, and 2Σ± states, of carbon monofluoride. The wavefunctions describe dissociation of the molecule to the correct atomic limits and take account of the atomic 2s-2p near-degeneracy effect. For the ground state the calculations give (with experimental values in parentheses): a bond length of 1.286 A (1.2667 A), a fundamental frequency of 1292 cm−1 (1308 cm1), and a dissociation energy of 3.93 eV (5.5 ± 0.1 eV). A 4Σ− state arising from the C ( 3 P) + F ( 2 P) manifold is calculated to lie just 2.66 eV above the ground state. The B2Δ state, calculated adiabatic excitation energy 6.59 eV (6.12 eV), is found to dissociate to C ( 1 D) + F ( 2 P) via a potential maximum. Calculations are also reported on a repulsive 2Δ state arising from ground state atoms.
Time series and the dynamics of demand pacing

Motivated by a common practice in cardiology, we analyze the dynamics of a demand paced system where one seeks to create a stable periodic response. By using techniques originally developed for controlling chaotic systems, one can enhance the information contained in time series regarding hidden, unstable periodic orbits. This makes it possible, for example, to track drifts in a system's dynamics.
Migration, Theory of

Theorists in a variety of disciplines have offered theoretical explanations for human migration. This article reviews the leading models that have been developed to theorize five facts of human migration: the structural forces that promote ‘out-migration’ from sending regions; the structural forces that attract ‘in-migrants’ to receiving societies; the motivations, goals, and aspirations of people who respond to these structural forces by becoming migrants; the social and economic structures that arise to connect areas of out- and in-migration; and the actions taken by states to influence the number and characteristics of immigrants. These models include neoclassical economics, the new economics of labor migration, segmented labor-market theory, social capital, cumulative causation, world-systems theory, and securitization theory.
Pointing system modeling for performance prediction

The paper considers the modeling and analysis of the JPL Precision Pointing and Tracking System, a gyro stabilized platform pointing system using optical target tracking. Sensor and actuator models are described which realistically represent actual hardware, and a practical controller and state estimator is developed through modern control techniques. The effect of the actuator nonlinearities on the system performance evaluation is discussed along with the modeling of the noise sources in the gyro. Finally, the limitations of implementing the control algorithms on the spacecraft computer, and the resulting tradeoffs are presented.
Effect of Maternal Protein-calorie Malnutrition on Fetal Rat Cerebellar Neurogenesis

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed, ad libitum, diets containing either 24% (control) or 4% casein (deprived) from conception through gestation. On the 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th or the 18th day of gestation the dams of both dietary groups were injected with 2.5 mCi [3H]thymidine per gram of body weight. Pups born to these dams were reared by stock diet-fed foster mothers to insure normal postnatal nutrition and were killed on postnatal day 28. Retention of isotope in the nuclei of four types of macroneurons, as visualized in autoradiographs prepared from cerebellar tissues, was used to determine the time of final DNA synthesis in these cells. In the brains of animals malnourished in utero, the time of administration of the label which resulted in maximal retention and peak cerebellar neurogenesis had occurred as early as the 13th day of gestation.
Are Term Limits a Woman Candidate's Friend?

Over the years many have questioned why we do not see more women getting elected to political office especially in legislatures which require collaboration, a skill that women are assumed to be naturally good at. A variety of reasons have been proposed. One of these reasons is the effect of incumbency. Those who are concerned with the effect of incumbency on the number of women elected to public office argue that the solution is establishing term limits for legislators (Darcy et. al. 1994). It is hypothesized that term limits will expand the opportunities for women to get elected. However, researchers have found that this logical solution is not as effective as many had hoped. Scholars argue that based on their analyses of the percentage of women in state legislatures, term limits have not increased the number of women legislators. In fact, some of the research shows a loss of seats for women (Carroll 2001; Carroll & Jenkins 2001a).
FLP Loss, but Crummey Win

In Turner the Tax Court determined that section 2036 applied to the decedent’s transfers of assets to his family limited partnership but that the insurance premiums he paid indirectly to his insurance trust qualified for the annual exclusion.
Stepped‐to‐dart leaders preceding lightning return strokes

[1] Using time-correlated high-speed video and electric field change data, three cases are described in which dart leaders toward ground are immediately preceded by stepped leaders that find and use previously used channels. These “stepped-to-dart leaders” occur in three natural negative ground flashes. Prior to the stepped-to-dart connection, the leaders have characteristics of stepped leaders, including average two-dimensional speeds of 1.6–2.7 × 105 m s−1 (visible from 5.5, 3.4, and 0.9 km altitude). After the connection, they behave as dart (or dart-stepped) leaders, with larger amplitude E-change pulses and faster average speeds of 3.4–7.8 × 106 m s−1. Connection altitudes are 3.32, 1.57, and 0.75 km. Immediately after the connection, there is a brief lighting in a short part of the prior return stroke channel. Luminosity travels up the stepped leader path after the connection, while the dart leader proceeds toward ground. In two cases, all the strokes subsequent to the stepped-to-dart stroke follow the visible portion of its channel. The other case has two subsequent strokes which do not reuse any portion of the stepped-to-dart channel. For the other 12 strokes in these flashes, stepped leader average speeds range from 1.7 to 3.0 × 105 m s−1, and dart leader average speeds are 0.82 to 16.67 × 106 m s−1. Overall, the return stroke waveforms give reasonable indication of the type of leader that preceded the stroke. Stepped-to-dart leaders are apparently rare in optical data, occurring in about 1% of subsequent strokes and 2.5% of flashes.
The Family and Medical Leave Act: implications for occupational and environmental health nursing

The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) was enacted in 1993 to balance the demands of the workplace with the needs of families. Balancing work and family responsibilities will affect most workers as they experience their own serious illness or care for a child or a parent. The FMLA continues to present challenges regarding medical certifications, recordkeeping, intermittent leave management, and lack of understanding by employees and employers about rights and responsibilities under the law. This article discusses the rights and responsibilities of both parties. It also discusses how the occupational and environmental health nurse can bridge the gap between meeting the needs of the employee and those of the employer by serving as educator, advocate, and liaison/collaborator, leading to measurable cost savings for the employer and immeasurable benefits for the employee.
Type A Aortic Dissection: A Rare Complication of Central Venous Catheter Placement

Aortic injury during central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is an extremely rare complication. We report successful repair of an iatrogenic type A aortic dissection caused during mediport catheter insertion and discuss the prevention and management of aortic injury during CVC placement. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12300 (J Card Surg 2014;29:368–370)
Dynamic stability of cylindrical propellant tanks

Cylindrical propellant tanks dynamic stability and parametric resonance, analyzing axial preload, liquid depth, top impedance and ullage pressure by Donnell theory
THE LATE‐GLACIAL RETREAT OF ‘ARCTIC’AIR AS SUGGESTED BY ONSET OF PICEA DECLINE*

(1973). THE LATE-GLACIAL RETREAT OF ‘ARCTIC’AIR AS SUGGESTED BY ONSET OF PICEA DECLINE. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 373-376.
The role of computed tomography in the evaluation of upper cervical spine pathology

A series of nine patients with symptoms referable to the upper cervical spine were recently studied by both conventional radiographic techniques and computed axial tomography (CT), in an attempt to ascertain the effectiveness of CT in evaluating upper cervical spine pathology. We found CT a useful tool in diagnosing a variety of pathological conditions in this region, particularly when they involve subtle neural arch fractures, rotational deformities, or compromise of the neural canal.
Protein folding--what's the question?

Abstract The folding reactions of many small, globular proteins exhibit two-state kinetics, in which the folded and unfolded states interconvert readily without observable intermediates. Typically, the free energy difference, delta G, between the native and denatured states of such a protein is quite small, lying in the range of approximately -5 to -15 kcal/mol. We point out that, under these circumstances, a population of native-like molecules will persist, even in the presence of mutations sufficiently destabilizing to change the sign of delta G. Therefore, it is not energy per se that determines conformation. A corollary to this argument is that specificity--not stability--would be the more informative focus in future folding studies.
Near-surface wetting of a ponded basalt surface: observations using time domain reflectometry

Abstract The changes in dielectric constant K a during an infiltration test on a fractured basalt surface in south-eastern Idaho were monitored using time domain reflectometry (TDR). Because changes in K a were caused largely by changing amounts of water in the formation and to a small extent by diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations, TDR served as a useful indicator of the moisture status in the formation. Our results indicate that wetting and drying were spatially variable within and immediately beyond a 7×8 m 2 pond. Various locations close to the surface responded to fast flow, whereas others showed evidence of poor hydraulic communication with the surface. Data collected during a rainfall event, which occurred a few days after ponding ceased, indicated that this boundary condition evoked a similar hydrologic response to ponding. This effort suggests that TDR is a useful tool for detecting moisture changes in fractured media.
Systems integration and architecting: An overview of principles, practices, and perspectives

Systems Integration is an activity omnipresent in almost all of systems engineering and management. Often the term lacks precise definition and is used in different ways and for different purposes in the engineering of systems. This paper presents an overview of systems integration at all levels of system engineering and management. The goal of the paper is to present the various views of systems integration including lifecycle, architecture, process, interface, and enterprise, as well as product integration involving software and hardware. We examine systems engineering process, including several process models in an attempt to reveal the activities associated with integration during the engineering of systems. We review the characteristics of interfaces between systems of systems and users that generally give rise to many systems integration concerns. Without very careful effort at developing an appropriate architecture for a system, there will be little hope of integration. We discuss the role of systems management and knowledge integration in architecting for systems integration. Also presented are several contemporary perspectives on system architectures and their role in the engineering and integration of systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 1: 176–227, 1998
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT OF DURABLE GLASS FIBERS

This article presents a quantitative risk assessment for the theoretical lifetime cancer risk from the manufacture and use of relatively durable synthetic glass fibers. More specifically, we estimate levels of exposure to respirable fibers or fiberlike structures of E-glass and C-glass that, assuming a working lifetime exposure, pose a theoretical lifetime cancer risk of not more than 1 per 100,000. For comparability with other risk assessments we define these levels as nonsignificant exposures. Nonsignificant exposure levels are estimated from (a) the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) chronic rat inhalation bioassay of durable E-glass microfibers, and (b) the Research Consulting Company (RCC) chronic inhalation bioassay of durable refractory ceramic fibers (RCF). Best estimates of nonsignificant E-glass exposure exceed 0.05-0.13 fibers (or shards) per cubic centimeter (cm 3) when calculated from the multistage nonthreshold model. Best estimates of nonsignificant C-glass exposure exceed 0.27-0.6 fi...
XLI. The internal work of the wind

(1894). XLI. The internal work of the wind. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 37, No. 228, pp. 425-448.
Synthesis and reactivity of the bulky germanium(IV) trisamide complexes BrGe[N(SiMe3)2]3 and LiGe[N(SiMe3)2]3: X-ray crystal structures of BrGe[N(SiMe3)2]3 and [(Me3Si)2N]3Ge(CH2CH2CH2CH3)

Abstract The bulky germanium(IV) trisamide complex BrGe[N(SiMe3)2]3 has been prepared and structurally characterized. Reaction of this material with nBuLi resulted in [(Me3Si)2N]3Ge(CH2CH2CH2CH3), which has also been structurally characterized, but no reaction with lithium metal was observed in the attempted preparation of LiGe[N(SiMe3)2]3. However, analytically pure LiGe[N(SiMe3)2]3was prepared by the reaction of 3 equivalents of LiN(SiMe3)2 with GeI2. Evidence is presented that this germyllithium reagent is a major by-product in the synthesis of Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 when the latter reagent is obtained from GeCl2 · (dioxane) prepared by the method of Kolesnikov et al. Reaction of the germyllithium reagent with 2,6-diphenylphenol yields the mixed Ge/Li cage complex [Li(μ2-OC6H3Ph2-2,6)3Ge], which had originally been obtained serendipitously via the reaction of 2,6-diphenylphenol with Ge[N(SiMe3)]2.
Connectivities of the striatal grafts in adult rat brain: a rich afference and scant striatonigral efference.

Previous reports from this laboratory have indicated that fetal rat striatal grafts have the major types of neuronal and glial components known to be involved in Huntington's chorea. In this study a number of major afferent and efferent innervations seen in normal striatum were examined in the striatal grafts and were compared with embryonic striatal afferents. First, using immunocytochemistry and histochemistry, the host serotonergic (5-HT), dopaminergic (DA, stained with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antiserum), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) fibers exhibited vigorous growth into the grafts implanted in neostriatum, lateral ventrice, globus pallidus or substantia nigra within a period of 6 and 10 weeks. Individual characteristic terminal patterns formed in striatal grafts: 5-HT fibers were diffused; TH fibers became heavily packed, and AChE fibers were patchy. This peculiar patternization of 5-Ht and TH growth into striatal graft appeared to be a recapitulation of the normal 5-HT and TH growth into striatum in the embryonic stage. However, a significantly show (6 week) onset of adult 5-HT and TH ingrowth into the fetal graft was noted, as compared with that of normal embryonic development (5–6 days from the appearance of 5-HT and TH neurons). With the anterograde-transport marker Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin leuca method, host cortical neurons also projected to the graft, but in limited numbers. Finally, with the retrograde-transport marker (horseradish peroxidase method, the grafts implanted in neostriatum were found incapable of sending fibers to a major, distal target, substantia nigra. In a current evaluation of striatal transplants, it is shown that major input to the graft can be achieved over time, but output to the distal nigra seems an unrealistic expectation. These data suggest that: (1) the fetal brain tissue was found to be a strong stimulant for sprouting or regeneration of adult nerve fibers; (2) a number of functional recoveries reported on the tested behavior paradigm in this grafting model could be due to the survival of striatal graft and the establishment of input circuitries; further, (3) the data illustrate the necessity of seeking a bridge from the striatal transplant to the host nigra. If a proper functional recovery in Huntington's chorea requires complete striatonigral circuitry, then such a bridge is worthy of a major investigation.
Capillary hemangioma of the sphenoid bone

A capillary hemangioma in the body of the sphenoid bone produced unilateral optic atrophy in a 13-year-old boy. The typical reticulated appearance of an osseous hemangioma was clearly demonstrated only on direct magnification radiographs. At angiography, patchy filling occurred through vessles arising from the internal carotid and internal maxillary arteries bilaterally. The few other reports of sphernoid hemangiomas are reviewed.
SERIAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING FOR THE EVALUATION OF AORTOCORONARY SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFT DISEASE. INSIGHTS FROM THE CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION FOR BYPASS GRAFT PATENCY RATE OPTIMIZATION (CABG-PRO) STUDY

Saphenous vein grafts (SVG) are used in most coronary artery bypass graft surgeries (CABG), but have high rates early and late occlusion. We sought to examine the pathogenesis of early SVG failure using serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. OCT was performed in 10 SVGs in 9 patients at
Charts for the Determination of the Root-Mean-Square Value of the Horizontal Radiation Pattern of Two-Element Broadcast Antenna Arrays

A set of two charts is presented from which the root-mean-square value of the horizontal radiation patterns of two-element antenna arrays may be determined guickly without calculation. These charts are based upon the formula E rms =E 1 VI + M2+ 2M Jo( 2irS/ 360) * cos 4. Observations on the fact that the root-mean-square value is independent of phasing for 138 degrees spacing are made.
Developing the potential for sustainable improvement in underperforming schools: Capacity building in the socio-cultural dimension

This mixed-method study examines Arizona principals’ capacity-building skills and practices in Tier III schools aimed at developing potential for sustained improvements in student outcomes. Data sources included surveys (62 individuals) and semistructured interviews (29 individuals) of principals and staff (e.g. teachers, instructional coaches, assistant principals) who participated in grant-funded leadership training over an 18-month period. The theoretical framework consisted of leadership in the sociocultural dimension (Ylimaki et al. in Leadersh Policy Sch 11(2):168–193, 2012) and capacity building for sustainable improvement in high-capacity Schools (Mitchell and Sackney in Sustainable improvement: building learning communities that endure. Sense Publishers, Rotterdam, 2009). Findings indicated that: (1) schools were not at high-levels of capacity building; (2) those schools in process of building capacity for sustainable improvement demonstrate a directive leadership approach; (3) school development towards high capacity focused on micro-level processes (e.g., professional learning communities); and (4) little attention was given to leadership in the socio-cultural dimension. Implications of the study suggest future research test a leadership development model for Tier III schools that links capacity building leadership and student achievement. The next generation of educational leaders must also have the knowledge, skills, dispositions, and analytical tools to lead schools in both the accountability culture and the macro socio-cultural dimension.
Germline Stem Cells: Origin and Destiny

Germline stem cells are key to genome transmission to future generations. Over recent years, there have been numerous insights into the regulatory mechanisms that govern both germ cell specification and the maintenance of the germline in adults. Complex regulatory interactions with both the niche and the environment modulate germline stem cell function. This perspective highlights some examples of this regulation to illustrate the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms involved.
Public Reporting On Hospital Process Improvements Is Linked To Better Patient Outcomes

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services publicly reports so-called process performance at all U.S. hospitals, such as whether certain recommended treatments are given to specific types of patients. We examined whether hospital performance on key process indicators improved during the three years since this reporting began. We also studied whether or not these changes improved patient outcomes or yielded other quality improvements, such as reduced hospital readmission rates. We found that, from 2004 to 2006, hospital process performance improved and was associated with better patient and quality outcomes. Most notably, for acute myocardial infarction, performance improvements were associated with declines in mortality rates, lengths-of-stay, and readmission rates. Although we cannot conclude that public reporting caused the improvement in processes or outcomes, these results are encouraging, since improving process performance may improve quality more broadly.
Stimuli-responsive epoxy coatings.

The design, formulation, and characterization of new epoxy coatings with built-in chemical and threshold temperature sensors are reported. The materials were prepared by dissolving a chromogenic, fluorescent oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) dye into a cross-linked epoxy resin by reacting monomer/cross-linker/dye mixtures at 180−200 °C and quenching the cured polymer to below its glass transition temperature (Tg). Subjecting these kinetically trapped, thermodynamically unstable molecularly mixed epoxy/dye blends to temperatures above Tg leads to aggregation of the dye molecules and causes permanent and pronounced changes of their optical absorption and fluorescence properties. Exposure of the materials to selected chemical stimuli, e.g., water, acid, base, and several organic compounds, also causes plasticization of the polymer matrix and leads to irreversible aggregation of dye molecules, concomitant with the pronounced fluorescence and absorption color change. This response is well described by standard kineti...
Cumulative Morbidity and Late Mortality in Long-Term Survivors of Exocrine Pancreas Cancer

Less than 5% of patients diagnosed with exocrine pancreas cancer live to be long-term survivors (5+ years after diagnosis). As a result, few studies have focused on these patients’ cumulative, cancer-related morbidity and late mortality. This descriptive study was undertaken to explore such issues. One thousand eight hundred thirty consecutive patients who had exocrine pancreas cancer had been seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1995 and 2001 and who had well-documented evidence of having lived for 5+ years were the focus of this study. Only 85 patients (4.6%) met all the above criteria. These patients had a median age of 65 years with a slight female predominance (53%). Eighty-one (95%) were treated with surgery, 42 (49%) with chemotherapy, and 41 (48%) with radiation. Cumulative morbidity included one or more subsequent surgeries in 17 patients (20%), one or more major infections in 14 (16%), diabetes in 39 (45%), depression in 16 (19%), and a second malignancy in 17 (20%). Twenty-nine patients were deceased at the time of this report; 15 (18%) died from recurrent pancreas cancer more than 5 years after their original diagnosis. Long-term survivors of exocrine pancreas cancer confront notable rates of cumulative morbidity, which include subsequent major surgeries, major infections, diabetes, depression, and second malignancies, as well as late deaths from pancreas cancer itself.