cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-level PC-based laser system modeling

Since the inception of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) there have been a multitude of comparison studies done in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness and relative sizes of complementary, and sometimes competitive, laser weapon systems. It became more and more apparent that what the systems analyst needed was not only a fast, but a cost effective way to perform high-level trade studies. In the present investigation, a general procedure is presented for the development of PC-based algorithmic systems models for laser systems. This procedure points out all of the major issues that should be addressed in the design and development of such a model. Issues addressed include defining the problem to be modeled, defining a strategy for development, and finally, effective use of the model once developed. Being a general procedure, it will allow a systems analyst to develop a model to meet specific needs. To illustrate this method of model development, a description of the Strategic Defense Simulation - Design To (SDS-DT) model developed and used by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) is presented. SDS-DT is a menu-driven, fast executing, PC-based program that can be used to either calculate performance, weight, volume, and cost values for a particular design or, alternatively, to run parametrics on particular system parameters to perhaps optimize a design.
Lipid Analyses of Bovine Teat Canal Keratin

Abstract The lipids of teat canal keratin collected from Holstein cows classified as to susceptibility to experimental challenge of Streptococcus agalactiae were analyzed, to determine a possible relationship to mastitis. The lipids were extracted from dried keratin and separated into component classes: hydrocarbons, sterol esters, triglycerides, sterols, and phospholipids. The isolated lipid classes were analyzed for C 12 to C 18 fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography. To obtain enough keratin for study, 12 to 16 collections per cow and teat were pooled. In this study the average of fresh material per collection was 7.8mg. The average of the total lipid content of dry keratin was 36.3% versus 90.9%, reported previously. No relationship between amount of lipids in the individual classes or individual fatty acids (C 12 to C 18 ) present in these classes to the degree of susceptibility was noted.
The Symmetry Structures of Regular and Chaotic Motions in Non-Smooth Dynamical Systems Under Harmonic Excitations

In this paper, the symmetry of motions in non-smooth dynamical systems with two symmetrical constraints under harmonic excitations is investigated to obtain all possible stable and unstable motions. This investigation provides a mathematical foundation for the symmetry of motions in such a class of dynamical systems. It is found that there is an invariant transformation for regular and chaotic motions in symmetrical systems with harmonic excitations. It is observed that the mapping group structures exist. The group property of mapping combinations should be further investigated.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Grass or Grain? Assessing the Nature of the US Bison Industry

By looking at recent developments in the US bison industry this article illustrates some of the inadequacies of the productive/post-productive divide in contemporary agriculture. To this end, conceptions of quality are examined to indicate the factors that move the industry towards or away from conventional modes of production. These perspectives have become manifest in attitudes regarding the use of grain in the production process. Increasingly, the use of grain conflicts with the pre-modern image of the animal, thus casting the productive/post-productive dichotomy into doubt. In order to circumvent this problem, the concept of hybrid agriculture is put forth as an alternative form of description and assessment in an attempt to redirect attention toward critical aspects of nonhumans. Hybrid agriculture stresses the need to recognise and foster the agency of nonhumans, whether it is exemplified by diverse body types or by the capacity for nonhumans to redistribute themselves within the physical environment.
I/We narratives among African American families raising children with special needs.

This paper examines a statistics debate among African American caregivers raising children with disabilities for insights into the work of “African American mothering.” Using ethnographic, narrative and discourse analyses, we delineate the work that African American mothers do—in and beyond this conversation—to cross ideological and epistemological boundaries around race and disability. Their work entails choosing to be an “I” and, in some cases, actively resisting being seen as a “they” and/or part of a collective “we” in order to chart alternative futures for themselves and their children.
Genetic Analysis of High Sucrose, Low Raffinose, and Low Stachyose Content in V99-5089 Soybean Seeds

Seed sugar content is an important trait for food-grade soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Few reports exist on the genetics of soybean seed sucrose and oligosaccharides contents. The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance of high sucrose and low raffinose and stachyose contents in V99-5089 soybean seeds. The sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose contents were investigated in 125 F3-derived progenies developed from a cross between ‘Ozark’ and V99-5089. The bimodal distribution with good fit to single gene segregation ratio was observed for sucrose content with high sucrose as recessive, for raffinose content with low raffinose as recessive, and for stachyose content with low stachyose as recessive in the V99-5089-derived population. Strong correlations were recorded between sucrose and raffinose (r = −0.88) and between sucrose and stachyose (r = −0.96), indicating that the desirable food-grade soybean progenies with high sucrose and low oligosaccharides content (low raffinose and low sta...
The Effects of Public Self-Consciousness and Embarrassability on College Student Drinking: Evidence in Support of a Protective Self-Presentational Model

ABSTRACT In this article we examine the effects of public self-consciousness (PSC) and a cross-situational reactivity to embarrassing encounters (EMB) on college students' levels of alcohol consumption by levels of perceived peer drinking. The analysis of self-report data from two undergraduate samples (n = 118 and n = 195) yielded virtually identical results and suggests that PSC and EMB affect alcohol use primarily among students with friends who drink heavily. Among these individuals, our findings are consistent with a protective self-presentational model. While PSC increased levels of alcohol consumption among students who believed drinking to be prevalent within their social circle if they were low in EMB, a susceptibility to embarrassment in response to the transgressions of self and others counteracted this tendency.
Replication-deficient adenovirus induces expression of interleukin-8 by airway epithelial cells in vitro.

ABSTRACT Preclinical studies with first-generation adenovirus (Ad) vectors administered in vivo to the respiratory tract have demonstrated a nonspecific host response consisting, in part, of parenchymal neutrophil accumulation followed by mononuclear cell and macrophage accumulation. We hypothesized that the mechanism for this host response might be the elaboration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) from the airway epithelium following the exposure to Ad. To evaluate this hypothesis, we infected A549 cells (a human-derived lung epithelial cell line) in vitro with an adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based vector expressing a nuclear targeted β-galactosidase enzyme (Av1LacZ4). We found that cellular transduction was efficient, resulting in gene delivery to 85.5% ± 3.9% of the cell monolayer after 96 hr. Importantly, IL-8 mRNA transcript levels in Av1LacZ4-transduced cells were significantly higher than uninfected controls by 24 hr and remained elevated for 96 hr. IL-8 protein secr...
Mocetinostat (MGCD0103): a review of an isotype-specific histone deacetylase inhibitor

Introduction: HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have the potential to restore gene expression and display antitumor effects in vitro. As single agents, HDACIs have clinical activity in lymphoma. In myeloid leukemias, combinations of DNA methylation inhibitors and HDACIs are promising. Other combinations are being studied in solid tumors. Areas covered: This article covers basic information and an update on preclinical and clinical experience with the oral isotype-selective HDACI MGCD0103 (mocetinostat) in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. It also examines data concerning MGCD0103 from recent conferences and articles through to November 2010, including new data regarding responses in lymphoma and toxicities. Expert opinion: MGCD0103 is well-tolerated and exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, demonstrating target inhibition and clinical responses. It induces cell death and autophagy, synergizes with proteasomal inhibitors and affects non-histone targets, such as microtubules. In...
The role of the glutathione antioxidant system in gut barrier failure in a rodent model of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that intestinal barrier failure in necrotizing enterocolitis results in part from overproduction of nitric oxide and other toxic oxidant species that result in enterocyte death and intestinal barrier failure. We hypothesize that the glutathione detoxifying system is important in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity by protecting against nitrosative stress. Methods Newborn rats were subjected to hypoxia (5% O2, tid) and fed formula by gavage (NEC), or were breast-fed without hypoxia (BF). Rats were killed and the distal ilea were harvested for RNA, protein, and morphologic studies. RNA underwent cDNA microarray analysis. To assess glutathione in protecting against nitrosative stress, IEC-6 cells were exposed to SIN-1 and/or L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione inhibitor. Cells were analyzed for glutathione-S-transferase activity, apoptosis and mitochondrial function. Results BF controls developed normal intestinal architecture, whereas NEC animals sustained damage to the intestinal epithelium. Microarray analysis demonstrated that 93 genes were overexpressed in NEC compared with controls. In the array, glutathione-S-transferase pi and alpha 2, GSH-dependent detoxifying enzymes, RNA were upregulated compared with BF controls. IEC-6 cells exposed to SIN-1/BSO produced an increase in apoptosis. Poly ADP-ribosylpolymerase cleavage and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclear localization, markers of apoptosis, were seen in IEC-6 cells exposed to SIN-1/BSO as opposed to media controls. Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that GSH antioxidant system plays a crucial role in gut barrier protection by attenuating enterocyte death.
Immune hemolytic anemia caused by drugs

Introduction: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare cytopenia; about 130 drugs have been incriminated. The antibodies causing DIIHA can be i) drug-independent (drug not needed to be present to detect antibodies in vitro)—DIIHA caused by this type of antibody presents clinically and serologically as an autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with red cell (RBC) autoantibodies in patients' sera and in eluates from their RBCs; or (2) drug-dependent (antibodies react in vitro with RBCs only in the presence of drug, on the RBC membrane or when added to the patient's plasma and RBCs). Areas covered: Literature is reviewed regarding pathophysiology of DIIHA (mechanisms; incidence of drugs involved; the clinical, hematological, and serological characteristics of the most common antibodies causing DIIHA). Expert opinion: DIIHA is often poorly investigated and many reports do not provide data to support the diagnosis (i.e., no serology to support an immune etiology). The three most common drugs currentl...
Assembly of a functional F1 of the proton-translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli

Assembly of the F1 portion of the proton-translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli was examined in vivo. Analysis of strains lacking genes which specify the Fo polypeptides a, b, and c showed that the F1 subunits were able to assemble into a complex in the absence of the Fo subunits. In addition we have investigated the effects of mutations in the individual genes which specify the F1 polypeptides on the assembly process. Mutations of the uncA(alpha), uncG(gamma), or uncD(beta) genes result in a defective assembly of the F1 complex. In contrast, mutations in the uncH(delta) or uncC(epsilon) genes did not prevent assembly of the core alpha beta gamma complex. In these cases, however, the partial F1 complexes were incapable of restoring energy-linked functions to F1-depleted membranes.
Surface crystallography of W(110) and W(110) p (2×1)-O: The position of W atoms

Abstract The position of W atoms in the surface layers of clean W (110) and W (110) p (2 × 1)-O is studied using Constant-Momentum-Transfer Averaging of LEED intensities. It is shown that the clean surface is not relaxed to an uncertainty of
Effectiveness of detergent solutions

A laboratory method was developed to evaluate quantitatively the effectiveness of various detergent solutions in the removal of different types of soil from flat glass surfaces. The influence of temperature and detergent concentration on the cleaning process was studied.
Carbon isotopic evidence for the catalytic origin of light hydrocarbons

The molecular proportionality between C6 and C7 isomers reported recently (F. D. Mango, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2000, 64, 1265; ref. 1) is probably the strongest evidence for catalysis yet published. It implicates two cyclopropane-like precursors, [S6] and [S7] (where S denotes any substrate), of similar structures, each yielding three isomers along similar kinetic pathways: [S6] → n-hexane + 2-methylpentane + 3-methylpentane [S7] → n-hexane + 2-methylhexane + 3-methylhexane This view is supported here by the carbon isotope ratios of these isomers in 36 oils from Western Canada (M. J. Whiticar and L. R. Snowdon, Org. Geochem., 1999, 30, 1127; ref. 2). They exhibit strong correlations in δ13C, consistent with their being formed in triads through isotopically indistinguishable precursors. These results add significantly to the growing body of evidence supporting catalysis.
Real-time detection of small and large molecules using a porous silicon grating-coupled Bloch surface wave label-free biosensor

A grating coupled porous silicon (pSi) Bloch Surface Wave (BSW) biosensor capable of supporting a surface mode is demonstrated for the real-time detection of both small and large molecules. In contrast to most pSi based sensor platforms that are unable to perform high sensitivity detection of large molecules that do not infiltrate into the porous matrix, the pSi BSW sensor has more than 15% of the field intensity confined to the surface of the structure, allowing for high sensitivity detection of surface-bound large molecules. Angular interrogated reflectance measurements were carried out to benchmark the performance of the pSi BSW against two common pSi sensor platforms, the waveguide and microcavity, after exposing each sensor to two different small molecules and one large molecule in a flow-cell environment. All of the sensors showed comparable sensitivity towards the detection of the small molecules, but the BSW sensor was clearly superior for detection of the large molecules. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with simulations based on rigorous coupled wave analysis and the transfer matrix method.
Variations in the Replication and Antigenic Properties of Human Herpesvirus 6 Strains

The Z29 and U1102 strains of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) were compared for their ability to replicate in fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and in continuous T cell lines. The replication of both strains in PBL was enhanced by mitogenic activation of cell growth. U1102 replicated in the continuous T cell lines, J JHAN and HSB-2, whereas no Z29 replication was observed in these cell lines as judged by infectious virus yields, the presence of viral antigens, and viral DNA replication. The two strains were compared with respect to their ability to react in immunofluorescence assays with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) prepared against the GS strain of HHV-6. These MAbs are directed against six different polypeptides including three glycoproteins. All MAbs reacted with cells infected with the U1102 strain. The Z29-infected cells reacted with four MAbs but failed to react with MAbs specific for an 82- to 105-kDa major surface glycoprotein and with one MAb reactive with a nonglycosylated 180-kDa protein. Taken together, the two strains of HHV-6 exhibit variations with regard to their growth and antigenic properties.
Reproductive phenology and biology in annual and perennial Alismataceae

Abstract Two annual ( Echinodorus rostratus (Nutt.) Engelm., Sagittaria calycina Engelm.) and 3 perennial ( Alisma subcordatum Rat., S. brevirostra Mack & Bush, S. latifolia Wild.) species of Alismataceae were compared to determine differences in reproductive effort and timing. The annuals produce flowers and fruits earlier and later than the perennials and, under optimal conditions, the annuals also produce more (but smaller) seeds annually per plant. Populations of the annuals occur on exposed mud and are erratically abundant from year to year, while populations of the perennials are more stable. Seed viability of the annuals decreases more slowly over time. There is general congruence of these life-history attributes with the concepts of “ r ” and “ K ” strategies.
Meperidine-halothane interaction in dogs.

We studied the interaction of meperidine and halothane in 24 unmedicated, spontaneously breathing dogs. Intramuscular (i.m. ) injections of meperidine, 2.75 mg/kg, 5.5 mg/kg and 11.0 mg/kg reduced the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane required for anaesthesia. The magnitude and duration of MAC depression were dose related. Plasma meperidine concentrations following an i.m. injection of 2.75 mg/kg were lower in the awake, unsedated dogs than in the dogs anaesthetized with halothane.
Fibrous lipoblastoma with 8q11.2 abnormality

A 3-month-old African American female infant had a rapidly growing lipoblastoma with a prominent fibrous component in the soft tissue of the left lateral knee, which recurred at 10 months. Cytogenetic analysis revealed deletion of 8(q11.2q13) with a 19(q12q13.3) insertion at that site, confirming that this is closely related to the conventional lipoblastoma. The presence of multivacuolated lipoblasts and the staining characteristics (no staining for CD99, CD34, or smooth muscle actin) distinguish this from the recently described lipofibromatosis.
Blaming the Victims: Hearsay, Labeling, and the Hazards of Quick-Hit Disaster Ethnography

behavioral characteristics. These myths were harmful, because they helped perpetuate the official and journalistic opinion that people died because their families and neighbors did not care about or take care of them, or because they neglected themselves. Drawing on comparative ethnographic research in two neighborhoods, including interviews and observations of street-level conditions, HW issues the following claim:
A brief review of the research on husband violence Part III: Sociodemographic factors, relationship factors, and differing consequences of husband and wife violence

Abstract This is the third, and final, article in a series reviewing the currently available empirical literature on the problem of husband violence. In the first two papers, we reviewed research on male batterers (Holtzworth-Munroe, Bates, Smutzler, & Sandin, 1995) and research on the effects of marital violence on battered women and their children (Holtzworth-Munroe, Smutzler, & Sandin, 1995). Those papers primarily reviewed psychological correlates of violence at the level of the individual. Specifically, considering a variety of psychological variables, we examined how maritally violent and nonviolent men differ, how battered and nonbattered women differ, and how children growing up in maritally violent home differ from children in nonviolent homes. This final paper is designed to review variables that often are not considered to be individual difference or psychological variables. First, we will examine some of the socio-demographic correlates of marital violence. Second, we will review dyadic or relationship level variables—variables that emerge as important in studies comparing couples experiencing husband violence to nonviolent couples. Finally, since we are introducing the concept of dyadic level variables, introducing the possible role of wives in husband violence, we felt it necessary to add a section reviewing the evidence that husband and wife violence have differing consequences.
Stigma on my mind: Individual differences in the experience of stereotype threat

Abstract Stereotyped individuals vary in how chronically self-conscious they are of their stigmatized status, which Pinel (1999) has dubbed stigma consciousness . The current study investigated whether individual differences in stigma consciousness moderate the impact of gender stereotypes on the math performance of women. Results indicated that, under conditions designed to evoke stereotype threat ( Steele, 1997 ), women high in stigma consciousness scored worse than women low in stigma consciousness on a math test. In the control (low threat) condition, stigma consciousness was unrelated to test performance. Possible mechanisms underlying this moderation are discussed.
Creep Strength and Microstructure of AL20-25+Nb Alloy Sheets and Foils for Advanced Microturbine Recuperators

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and ATI Allegheny Ludlum worked together on a collaborative program for about two years to produce a wide range of commercial sheets and foils of the new AL20-25+Nb{trademark} (AL20-25+Nb) stainless alloy for advanced microturbine recuperator applications. There is a need for cost-effective sheets/foils with more performance and reliability at 650-750 C than 347 stainless steel, particularly for larger 200-250 kW microturbines. Phase 1 of this collaborative program produced the sheets and foils needed for manufacturing brazed plated-fin air cells, while Phase 2 provided foils for primary surface air cells, and did experiments on modified processing designed to change the microstructure of sheets and foils for improved creep-resistance. Phase 1 sheets and foils of AL20-25+Nb have much more creep-resistance than 347 steel at 700-750 C, and those foils are slightly stronger than HR120 and HR230. Results for Phase 2 showed nearly double the creep-rupture life of sheets at 750 C/100 MPa, and similar improvements in foils. Creep data show that Phase 2 foils of AL20-25+Nb alloy have creep resistance approaching that of alloy 625 foils. Testing at about 750 C in flowing turbine exhaust gas for 500 h in the ORNL Recuperator Test Facility showsmore » that foils of AL20-25+Nb alloy have oxidation-resistance similar to HR120 alloy, and much better than 347 steel.« less
Cushing's syndrome: a prospective study of diagnostic methods.

Abstract In this systematic survey of patients with various features of hypercortisolism, 39 patients were found to have at least one elevated corticosteroid measurement. Only 24 were proved to have Cushing's syndrome; the condition in the remaining 15 patients was termed "Cushingoid obesity." Plasma cortisol was the least helpful assay parameter. In the patients with Cushing's syndrome, 25 per cent of the 8 AM and 8 PM values were normal, and in the patients with Cushingoid obesity, 47 per cent of the values were spuriously high. The presence or absence of diagonal variation was of little diagnostic significance. After overnight dexamethasone, only one patient with Cushing's syndrome showed normal suppression, however, 53 per cent of the patients with Cushingold obesity falled to show adequate suppression. Routine 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) and 17-oxogenic steroid (17-KGS) assays also proved to be relatively poor diagnostic parameters. Of the patients with Cushing's syndrome, 17 per cent had normal levels of excretion, and of the patients with "Cushingoid obesity," the 17-OHCS levels were falsely elevated in 53 per cent and the 17-KGS levels in 62 per cent. During high dosage dexamethasone therapy, none of the patients with Cushing's syndrome showed adequate suppression, however, in all the patients with Cushingoid obesity suppression was normal. Free cortisol excretion provided the most definitive index of adrenocortical hyperfunction. Urinary free cortisol was increased only in the 24 patients with Cushing's syndrome and was not adequately suppressible with dexamethasone. There were no false elevations in any of the 15 patients with Cushingoid obesity, in all of whom suppression was normal with dexamethasone.
Observing the Modification of the Acoustic Cutoff Frequency by Field Inclination Angle

We use observations of a sunspot from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) spacecraft to demonstrate observationally the modification of the acoustic cutoff frequency in the lower solar chromosphere by the changing the inclination of the magnetic field as first predicted theoretically by Bel & Leroy.
The effect of various disinfectants on dental shade guides

Statement of problem Dental shade guides are used to evaluate tooth color before prosthodontic procedures and are subjected to disinfection after use. The effect of disinfection on shade guides has not been thoroughly investigated. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of disinfectants on the color of shade tabs. Material and methods Changes in the color (ΔE) of VITA Classical Shade Guide tabs were measured with a VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer in the CIELAB system and calculated after being subjected to Cavicide, Asepticare TB, Sporicidin, and distilled water (control) over a simulated period of 2 years. Statistical analysis was accomplished by a 2-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05). Results A significant difference was noted in the degree of shade tab color change, depending on the type of disinfectant used ( F =153.2, P F =0.611, P =.865), nor was a significant interaction noted between the type of disinfectant and the different shade tabs used ( F =0.7, P =.919). Asepticare TB showed the least significant amount of change (ΔE=0.401), and Sporicidin (ΔE=0.889) and the control (ΔE=0.969) showed significantly more color change than Asepticare TB but less than Cavicide (ΔE=1.198). Conclusions The average total CIELAB color difference for 50% human perceptibility is approximately 1 unit (under standardized laboratory conditions). In the oral cavity, however, an average change of 3.7 ΔE units could still allow teeth to be perceived as having the same color. Therefore, although the results are statistically significant, they may not be clinically important.
Bovine dental pulp collagens: characterization of types III and V collagen.

Abstract Pulp was essentially solubilized by partial pepsin digestion. The various genetic types of collagens were isolated by differential salt precipitation and extraction. Types I, III and V collagen represented 56, 41 and 2% of the total collagen, respectively. The type V collagen comprised two different molecular species consisting of [α 1(V)] 2 α 2(V) and α 1(V)α2(V)α3(V), the ratio of which was approx. 1:1.3. The major portion of the type III collagen was present as a high molecular weight aggregate which released α 1(III) chains upon reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol.
Deryaft: a tool for generating representation invariants of structurally complex data

Deryaft is a tool for generating likely representation invariants of structurally complex data. Given a small set of concrete structures, Deryaft analyzes their key characteristics to formulate local and global properties that the structures exhibit. For effective formulation of structural invariants, Deryaft focuses on graph properties, including reachability, and views the program heap as an edge-labeled graph. Deryaft outputs a Java predicate that represents the invariants; the predicate takes an input structure and returns true if and only if it satisfies the invariants.
Outcomes in Women Treated With MammoSite Brachytherapy or Whole Breast Irradiation Stratified by ASTRO Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Consensus Statement Groups

Purpose The American Society for Radiation Oncology published a Consensus Statement for accelerated partial breast irradiation identifying three groups: Suitable, Cautionary, and Unsuitable. The objective of this study was to compare oncologic outcomes in women treated with MammoSite brachytherapy (MB) vs. whole breast irradiation (WBI) after stratification into Statement groups. Methods Eligible women had invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) ≤3 cm, and ≤3 lymph nodes positive. Women were stratified by radiation modality and Statement groups. Survival analysis methods including Kaplan-Meier estimation, Cox regression, and competing risks analysis were used to assess overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), time to local failure (TTLF), and tumor bed failure (TBF). Results A total of 459 (183 MB and 276 WBI) patients were treated from 2002 to 2009. After a median follow-up of 45 months, we found no statistical differences by stratification group or radiation modality with regard to OS and DFS. At 4 years TTLF or TBF were not statistically different between the cohorts. Univariate analysis in the MB cohort revealed that nodal positivity (pN1 vs. pN0) was related to TTLF (hazard ratio 6.39, p = 0.02). There was a suggestion that DCIS histology had an increased risk of failure when compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (hazard ratio 3.57, p = 0.06). Conclusions MB and WBI patients stratified by Statement groups seem to combine women who will have similar outcomes regardless of radiation modality. Although outcomes were similar, we remain guarded in overinterpretation of these preliminary results until further analysis and long-term follow-up data become available. Caution should be used in treating women with DCIS or pN1 disease with MB.
Proximalisation du site donneur: un nouveau traitement de choix pour les patients hémodialysés atteints de syndrome de vol vasculaire?

Le syndrome de vol vasculaire associe aux acces vasculaires pour hemodialyse (SVVAV) est une complication potentiellement devastatrice. La proximalisation du site arteriel donneur (PSAD) a ete recemment rapportee comme etant une technique chirurgicale ayant un effet benefique sur le SVVAV. Cette technique n'etant pas encore d'utilisation large, l'objectif de cette etude prospective etait d'etablir son indication en s'appuyant sur un groupe de patients particuliers ayant developpe un SVVAV avance (necrose digitale) consecutif a la confection d'un acces vasculaire pour hemodialyse (AH) autogene. Vingt-trois patients (18 AH au bras et 5 AH au poignet) presentant un SVVAV avance eurent une PSAD. Les materiaux utilises etaient des protheses en polytetrafluoroethylene heparinisees (13 patients) ou non-heparinises (10 patients). La fonction vasculaire etait evaluee avant et apres l'intervention par doppler. Le succes de la procedure etait defini par la restitution de la circulation au sein du membre tout en preservant l'integrite de l'AH. Dans 15 cas (65%), les symptomes de SVVAV disparurent completement, et chez 6 patients (26%), la cicatrisation fut obtenue et les symptomes s'ameliorerent sans totalement disparaitre. Chez deux patients (9%) qui avaient une perte tissulaire >1 cm au niveau des doigts, les symptomes persisterent. Au total, il y avait une augmentation significative des velocites arterielles radiales (de 35,65 ± 7,69 a 55,21 ± 8,51 cm/sec, p 1 cm de diametre), la PSAD n'etait pas efficace (n = 2). Dans de telles situations, d'autres options therapeutiques devraient etre discutees.
An Alternative Strategy for Studying The Transmission of Culture

Holistic studies of the transmission of culture based on ethnographies certainly would be improved if field researchers used Dobbert et al.'s coding system and data sheets. Too often researchers have difficulty finding the material they need for testing their hypotheses. The holistic studies that have used the Human Relations Area Files to study infancy, childhood, and adolescence, for example, often have been forced to infer from scanty data (for discussion see Barry 1981; J. Whiting 1981). Although the ethnographies of childhood have improved steadily since World War II, many stimulated by the pioneer work of Margaret Mead, the check lists and sample data sheets included in the Dobbert article certainly should be appreciated by fieldworkers. I would have misgivings, however, if no other methods were used in studies that were concerned with the transmission of culture.
Radiation from the uranium collimators of the Varian 4-MeV accelerator

The uranium collimator of the Varian 4-MeV accelerator produces a dose rate of 100 mR/h near the collimator opening. It can be decreased to 4% by a 6-mm Lucite shield at the level of the collimator opening. A better solution is a lead glass-mylar (EM) shield which decreases the uranium radiation to less than 3% and also provides better skin sparing during treatment than the open collimator.
Sensitivity, selectivity and nano-dimensional effects in gold nanocluster vapor sensors

A chemiresistor vapor sensor based on electron transport through an ensemble of ligand-stabilized gold nanoclusters is made exceptionally sensitive and selective by terminal carboxylic acid functionalization of the alkanethiol ligand. The directionality of the response (conductance increase or decrease) is strongly dependent on the nanoscale dimensions of the gold core and ligand shell thickness. Films of gold nanoclusters composed of a 2 nm metal core with a 0.5 nm -S(CH2)5COOH shell are compared to those based on an 8 nm core and a 1.5 nm -S(CH2)15COOH shell. Very strong and selective responses to amine vapors are observed but with a reversal of response in the direction of the conductance transduction. This unexpected result cannot be accommodated by known vapor response transduction mechanisms. A speculative new mechanism based on an ionic capacitance generated by the ligand-vapor interaction and confined to the outer surface fraction of the ligand shell is proposed.
Structural analysis of tamarind seed xyloglucan oligosaccharides using β-galactosidase digestion and spectroscopic methods

The borohydride-reduced forms (oligoglycosyl alditols) of two isomeric octasaccharides (Glc4Xyl3Gal) that are released from xyloglucans of various plant species upon treatment with a fungal endo-(1-->4)-beta-glucanase were isolated and structurally characterized. A mixture of oligosaccharides that is released from tamarind seed xyloglucan by the endo-(1-->4)-beta- glucanase was digested with a commercially available beta-galactosidase (Aspergillus niger). The beta-galactosidase selectively hydrolyzed the galactosyl residue of one of the two isomeric octasaccharides present in the mixture. A homogeneous preparation of the beta-galactosidase-resistant octasaccharide was prepared by high-resolution gel-permeation chromatography of the enzyme-digestion products. Spectroscopic characterization of the oligoglycosyl alditol prepared by reduction of this octasaccharide confirmed the previously proposed structure that had been based on analysis of the mixture of isomeric octasaccharides. The availability of large amounts of the pure, reduced octasaccharide and of a pure, reduced pentasaccharide (Glc3Xyl2) made it possible to completely assign their 1H and 13C NMR spectra. In addition, the borohydride-reduced form of the beta-D-galactosidase-susceptible octasaccharide isomer was purified by high pH anion-exchange chromatography of the endo-(1-->4)-beta-glucanase-released octasaccharides from rape-seed xyloglucan (no beta-galactosidase treatment), and its 1H and 13C NMR spectra were assigned. Additional correlations between specific structural features of xyloglucan oligoglycosyl alditols and the positions of specific resonances in their NMR spectra were deduced and added to the extensive list that we have compiled. The effects of recording the NMR spectra of the xyloglucan oligoglycosyl alditols in the presence of borate salts, which could lead to incorrect structural assignments, are also described.
Community level factors and child maltreatment rates

Using census and administrative agency data for 177 urban census tracts, variation in rates of officially reported child maltreatment is found to be related to structural determinants of community social organization: economic and family resources, residential instability, household and age structure, and geographic proximity of neighborhoods to concentrated poverty. Furthermore, child maltreatment rates are found to be intercorrelated with other indicators of the breakdown of community social control and organization. These other indicators are similarly affected by the structural dimensions of neighborhood context. Children who live in neighborhoods that are characterized by poverty, excessive numbers of children per adult resident, population turnover, and the concentration of female-headed families are at highest risk of maltreatment. This analysis suggests that child maltreatment is but one manifestation of community social organization and that its occurrence is related to some of the same underlying macro-social conditions that foster other urban problems.
Wintertime phytoplankton bloom in the subarctic Pacific supported by continental margin iron

Heightened biological activity was observed in February 1996in the high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) subarctic North PacificOcean, a region that is thought to beiron-limited. Here we provideevidence supporting the hypothesis that Ocean Station Papa (OSP) in thesubarctic Pacific received a lateral supply of particulate iron from thecontinental margin off the Aleutian Islands in the winter, coincidentwith the observed biological bloom. Synchrotron X-ray analysis was usedto describe the physical form, chemistry, and depth distributions of ironin size fractionated particulate matter samples. The analysis revealsthat discrete micron-sized iron-rich hotspots are ubiquitous in the upper200m at OSP, more than 900km from the closest coast. The specifics of thechemistry and depth profiles of the Fe hot spots trace them to thecontinental margins. We thus hypothesize that iron hotspots are a markerfor the delivery of iron from the continental margin. We confirm thedelivery of continental margin iron to the open ocean using an oceangeneral circulation model with an iron-like tracer source at thecontinental margin. We suggest that iron from the continental marginstimulated a wintertime phytoplankton bloom, partially relieving the HNLCcondition.
Kainic Acid-induced F-344 Rat model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Gene Expression and Canonical Pathways

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a severe neurological condition of unknown pathogenesis for which several animal models have been developed. To obtain a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers of lesion progression, we used a rat kainic acid (KA) treatment model of MTLE coupled with global gene expression analysis to examine temporal (four hours, days 3, 14, or 28) gene regulation relative to hippocampal histopathological changes. The authors recommend reviewing the companion histopathology paper (Sharma et al. 2008) to get a better understanding of the work presented here. Analysis of filtered gene expression data using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, http://www.ingenuity.com) revealed that a number of genes pertaining to neuronal plasticity (RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42, BDNF, and Trk), neurodegeneration (Caspase3, Calpain 1, Bax, a Cytochrome c, and Smac/Diablo), and inflammation/immune-response pathways (TNF-alpha, CCL2, Cox2) were modulated in a temporal fashion after KA treatment. Expression changes for selected genes known to have a role in neuronal plasticity were subsequently validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Notably, canonical pathway analysis revealed that a number of genes within the axon guidance signaling canonical pathway were up-regulated from Days 3 to 28, which correlated with aberrant mossy fiber (MF) sprouting observed histologically beginning at Day 6. Importantly, analysis of the gene expression data also identified potential biomarkers for monitoring neurodegeneration (Cox2) and neuronal/synaptic plasticity (Kalrn).
Shift–Scale Complex Correlation for Wide-Angle Coherent Cross-Track SAR Stereo Processing

Automated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) stereo correspondence becomes increasingly difficult when imaging high-relief terrain utilizing large stereo crossing-angle geometries because high-relief SAR image features can undergo significant spatial distortions, causing a failure of traditional correlation matching. This paper presents eight coherent spotlight-mode cross-track stereo pairs with stereo crossing angles averaging 93.7deg collected over a terrain with slopes greater than 20deg. These stereo pairs suffer from terrain-induced distortions, resulting in a decrease in complex correlation (coherence) when utilizing scanning-window correlation calculations. The search to maximize complex correlation is changed from a shift-only (disparity) search to a shift-and-scale search using the downhill simplex method. This approach is tested against complex imagery with simulated distortions and then employed on the eight wide-angle stereo collects. The resulting digital terrain maps (DTMs) are compared to ground truth. Using a shift-and-scale correlation approach to estimate disparity, the relative height errors decrease, and the number of reliable DTM posts increase
Residues of pelvic inflammatory disease and abnormal uterine bleeding

Abstract One hundred and thirty-four consecutive patients with residues of pelvic inflammatory disease have been thoroughly studied. We found that 57 (42 per cent) of these patients complained of abnormal bleeding. Thirtyone of these cases could be explained by the associated pathologic condition, leaving 26 (19.6 per cent) otherwise unexplained, unless by the residues. The type of bleeding is predominantly one of increased flow. After careful evaluation of these cases, we are forced to conclude that, in some way, residues of previous pelvic inflammatory disease are a factor in the causation of abnormal uterine bleeding; but the precise mechanism is, for the moment, unclear.
Electromagnetic and microstructural investigations of a naturally grown 8° [001] tilt bicrystal of Bi2Sr2CaCu208 + x

Electromagnetic characterization and high resolution transmission electron microscopy have been conducted on the same 8° [001] symmetrical (010) tilt boundary in a naturally grown, bulk-scale bicrystal of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 + x (BSCCO-2212). The resistive transition showed excess resistance above and below Tc, suggesting some weak coupling at the boundary, but the inter- and intragranular voltage-current characteristics, irreversibility fields, and critical current density (Jc) values were very similar and characteristic of strongly coupled grains and grain boundary. The misorientation was accommodated by a set of partial dislocations with the Frank spacing of 1.9 nm. The dislocation cores appeared to be separated by relatively undistorted regions of crystal. The Jc, values at 25 K exceeded 103 A/cm2 in fields of several tesla, more than two orders of magnitude larger than that found earlier in [001] twist boundaries of BSCCO-2212. This result is consistent with the view that low angle [001] till boundaries play an important role for current transport in polycrystalline BSCCO tapes.
Modeling of Heat Transfer in Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites

Diaplex MS5520, SMP Technologies, Inc. transition temperature 55°C, was filled with varying proportions (5 wt.%, 15.00 wt.%, and 25 wt.%) of magnetite nanoparticles, NanoArc and Iron(III) Oxide; 20–40 nm APS Powder from Alfa Aesar. The SMP nanocomposite was tested by thermomechanical methods, derived thermo-magnetic-mechanical methods, and shape memory methods. The results of such methods show an ability of the SMP nanocomposite to be controlled in shape deformation and recovery with an applied thermal then applied magnetic field. This paper focuses on the thermal field needed to help trigger the SMP nanocomposite. The objective of the study is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a SMP filled with magnetite nanoparitcles. A transient heat equation model is developed, and numerical simulation is performed in Sundance to show the underlying state of thermal change in recovery and deformation process. Result of the simulations roughly match those observed in the experiment.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
A structure theorem for the consecutive 1's property☆

Abstract A (0, 1)-matrix M has the consecutive 1's property for columns if the rows of M can be permuted so that the 1's in each column appear consecutively. A graph-theoretic approach is used to characterize matrices with this property in terms of forbidden submatrices. Graphs whose adjacency matrix has this property are also characterized.
Atanarjuat Off‐Screen: From "Media Reservations" to the World Stage

L'A. propose quelques reflexions a propos du film de Zacharias Kunuk Atanarjuat, The Fast Runner (Atanarjuat, la legende de l'homme rapide). Il examine notamment les structures politico-economiques complexes et les barrieres sociales que les auteurs et promoteurs du film ont du negocier afin de pouvoir produire Atanarjuat, ainsi que les nouvelles opportunites que ce film apporte a la communaute inuit. Ce recit depuis les coulisses est instructif, et il met en evidence la necessite de repenser les dimensions problematiques des politiques artistiques multiculturelles et l'impact des categories culturelles pour le soutien de ce type de production autochtone.
What Does Expert Nursing Practice Mean

Becoming an expert practice nurse should be the goal of all nurses and those planning for such a career. But the meaning of what an expert nurse in clinical practice is, is not as easy to define or evaluate, as it is in nursing education or nursing research. The Royal College of Nursing’s Expertise in Practice Project has studied nursing throughout the United Kingdom and has made a considerable contribution by re-defining expert nursing practice. This column explicates that contribution.
Numerical Simulation of the Model

To simulate the model \( \dot x = Ax + b,\;t \geq 0,\;x\left( 0 \right) = x_0 \), will, for us, mean to solve the differential equation system numerically. To do this, we must select the input b, initialize the levels in each compartment by choosing x0, and then determine the model parameters aij in A to be used. The identification of these fractional transfer coefficients usually comes about in one of two ways. Either data are collected from the experiment in question and numerical methods are applied to estimate the aij s (see the previous section), or if observations are not possible, then we can talk to some of the experts in the field and put together educated guesses for the values of the a... We may only need “reasonable” values for these coefficients if we are not too sure of the validity of the model equations. By trying different sets of transfer parameters {aij}, a variety of scenarios can be created and thus the true physical processes can be simulated by the mathematical model. We may wish to test some basic assumption that is present--for example, that the inflow or outflow of material in the system is really proportional to the amount of material in the donor compartment.
Improving the Informative

How does a top chef cook a meal with a unique and savory flavor? How does a traveler plan a trip with the shortest travel time to visit a friend living several hours away? Information, such as a recipe or a map, can be the input to an active process that produces better output than would be obtained without these inputs.