cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the imidazotetrazine derivative temozolomide for patients with unresectable or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. METHODS Twenty-five of 26 patients were eligible and assessable for toxicity and response. Temozolomide was administered twice daily on a 12-hour schedule for 5 days as an oral bolus dose of 200 mg/m2 followed by 9 doses of 90 mg/m2 every 4 weeks. RESULTS There were 2 partial responses, 2 mixed responses, and 3 patients with stable disease that lasted > 6 months, for an overall objective response rate of 8%. At a median follow-up of 13.2 months, the median progression-free survival and the median overall survival were 2.0 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7–2.3) and 13.2 months (95% CI, 4.7–31.1), respectively. All responding patients had leiomyosarcoma of uterine or nonuterine origin; and, in a subset analysis of these patients, the objective response rate was 18% (2 of 11 patients), with disease stabilization occurring in 3 of 11 patients (27%). For this subgroup, at a median follow-up of 24.4 months, the median progression-free survival and the median overall survival were 3.9 months (95% CI, 1.9–21.9) and 30.8 months (lower-bound 95% CI, 7.8), respectively. There were no treatment-related deaths or National Cancer Institute Grade 4 toxicities. Grade 3 toxicities included nausea, anemia, fatigue, elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and nonneutropenic fever (1 patient each). CONCLUSIONS Temozolomide at the dose schedule employed in the current study was tolerated well and had modest activity against previously treated unresectable or metastatic leiomyosarcoma of both uterine and nonuterine origin. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
RNA substrate binding site in the catalytic core of the Tetrahymena ribozyme.

In catalysis by group I introns, the helix (P1) containing the RNA cleavage site must be positioned next to the guanosine binding site. We have identified a conserved adenine in the catalytic core that contributes to the stability of this arrangement and propose that it accepts a hydrogen bond from a specific 2′-OH in P1. Such base-backbone tertiary interactions may be generally important to the organization of RNA tertiary structure.
Panel Management to Improve Smoking and Hypertension Outcomes by VA Primary Care Teams: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Panel Management can expand prevention and chronic illness management beyond the office visit, but there is limited evidence for its effectiveness or guidance on how best to incorporate it into practice.
Formation constants for interaction of citrate with calcium and magnesium lons

Abstract Formation constants for the interaction of citrate ion with calcium and magnesium ions in solution at 37°C and a constant ionic strength of 0.15 were determined by potentiometric titration. Values for the formation of CaL− and CaHL0 complexes were 1.88 × 103 and 67, respectively. Corresponding constants for MgL− and MgHL0 were 2.19 × 103 and 42, respectively. The existence of other complexes was not confirmed. Protonation constants were also determined under the same conditions.
Use and Interpretation of Common Statistical Tests in Method Comparison Studies

We have studied the usefulness of common statistical tests as applied to method comparison studies. We simulated different types of errors in test sets of data to determine the sensitivity of different statistical parameters. Least-squares parameters (slope of least-squares line, its y intercept, and the standard error of estimate in the y direction) provide specific estimates of proportional, constant, and random errors, but comparison data must be presented graphically to detect limitations caused by nonlinearity and errant points. t -test parameters ( bias, standard deviation of difference) provide estimates of constant and random errors, but only when proportional error is absent. Least-squares analysis can estimate proportional error and should be considered a prerequisite to t -test analysis. The correlation coefficient ( r ) is sensitive only to random error, but is not easily interpreted. Values for r, t , and F are not useful in making decisions on the acceptability of performance. These decisions should be judgments on the errors that are tolerable. Statistical tests can be applied in a manner that provides specific estimates of these errors
Neuroimaging of declarative memory in schizophrenia.

The past three decades have seen tremendous growth in our understanding of the cerebral underpinnings of schizophrenia, including the neural correlates of the cognitive impairment seen in this syndrome. In this article we review the role that structural and functional neuroimaging has played in elucidating the cerebral basis for the declarative memory deficits associated with schizophrenia. Memory impairment in schizophrenia appears to involve abnormal connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and three regions important in normal learning and memory: the hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum.
Transesophageal echocardiographic features and management of retained intracardiac air in two patients after surgery

Intracardiac residual air after open-heart surgery may carry a significant risk of embolization with associated morbidity and death. We hereby report two cases of retained intracardiac air detected in an unusual location with transesophageal echocardiography in the superior aspect of the left atrium after completion of standard air-evacuation procedures. Characteristic echocardiographic features and the impact on immediate management are described along with a review of the literature.
Feature competition and feature extraction in a novel neural network pattern recognition system

As we published in the last few years, when the given input- output training vector pairs satisfy a PLI (positive-linear- independency) condition, the training of a hard-limited neural network to recognize untrained patterns can be achieved noniteratively with very short training time and very robust recognition. The key feature in this novel pattern recognition system is the use of slack constants in solving the connection matrix when the PLI condition is satisfied. Generally there are infinitely many ways of selecting the slack constants for meeting the training- recognition goal, but there is only one way to select them if an optimal robustness is sought in the recognition of the untrained patterns. This particular way of selecting the slack constants carries some special physical properties of the system--the automatic feature extraction in the learning mode and the automatic feature competition in the recognition mode. Physical significance as well as mathematical analysis of these novel properties are to be explained in detail in this paper. Real-time experiments are to be presented in an unedited movie. It is seen that in the system, the training of 4 hand-written characters is close to real time ( 90% accurate.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Many-Body Approach to Hyperfine Structure in the 2 P State of Lithium

The Brueckner-Goldstone (BG) many-body perturbation theory has been applied in a calculation of the hyperfine structure (hfs) of lithium in the excited $1{s}^{2}2p(^{2}P)$ state. This is the first complete calculation of hfs by the BG theory in a nonspherical system. Our result for ${a}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ is 45.86 Mc/sec in excellent agreement with the experimental result of 46.17 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.35 Mc/sec. In addition, we obtained the value ${a}_{\frac{3}{2}}=\ensuremath{-}2.79$ Mc/sec for which no direct experimental result is currently available. The contributions from each of the magnetic hyperfine interactions and also the electric quadrupole moment interaction are presented. This approach also makes possible an analysis of the relative importance of various physical effects in each case.
Terrestrial vs. marine depositional model—A new assessment of subsurface Lower Pennsylvanian rocks of southwestern Virginia

A reinterpretation of the origin of subsurface rocks in southwestern Virginia and southeastern Kentucky suggests that, contrary to commonly accepted ideas, the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Systemic boundary is an unconformity and the Lower Pennsylvanian quartz arenite sequences were deposited in a fluvial environment. Because Pennsylvanian strata of the Pocahontas and Lee Formations appear to have been deposited at the same time in adjacent valleys, the Pocahontas, which generally has been considered to be older and to underlie the Lee, is considered here to be equivalent to the basal part of the Middlesboro Member of the Lee Formation.
A small molecule designed to bind to the adenine nucleotide pocket of Hsp90 causes Her2 degradation and the growth arrest and differentiation of breast cancer cells

Abstract Background: The Hsp90s contain a conserved pocket that binds ATP/ADP and plays an important role in the regulation of chaperone function. Occupancy of this pocket by several natural products (geldanamycin (GM) and radicicol) alters Hsp90 function and results in the degradation of a subset of proteins (i.e. steroid receptors, Her2, Raf). We have used the structural features of this pocket to design a small molecule inhibitor of Hsp90. Results: The designed small molecule PU3 competes with GM for Hsp90 binding with a relative affinity of 15–20 μM. PU3 induces degradation of proteins, including Her2, in a manner similar to GM. Furthermore, PU3 inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells causing retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation, G1 arrest and differentiation. Conclusions: PU3 is representative of a novel class of synthetic compounds that binds to Hsp90 and inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells. These reagents could provide a new strategy for the treatment of cancers.
Prop Transport in Vertical Fractures

The settling velocity of particles falling through a fracturing fluid determines, in part, the final distribution of propping agent in a fracture. In this study, two different experimental models have been used to obtain particle settling data. One model consists of a parallel plate apparatus in which the shear on the fluid is provided by a moving belt and the other consists of a concentric cylinder device. Data from each device are reported. Initial results from each method have been found to be comparable. A comparison of the experimental settling velocities with settling velocities calculated by Stokes' Law are also presented. 17 refs.
Microstructures of olivine and stresses in the upper mantle beneath Eastern China

Abstract We have examined the microstructure of spinel and garnet peridotite xenoliths from eleven basalt localities in Eastern China. The dislocation substructures of olivine in all of the specimens are similar to those reported previously from other areas of the world and are strongly reminiscent of the substructures produced in laboratory deformation of polycrystals at high temperature and pressure. Extensive measurements of (100) and (001) subgrain dimensions demonstrate that in almost all cases, the frequency of subgrain spacing follows a lognormal distribution with (geometric) mean spacings of 30–60 μm. In one locality (Mingxi), two xenoliths show significantly narrower spacings of 15–20 μm (indicating a much higher stress), while others from the same locality have the normal (wider) spacing and one specimen has a mixed distribution, indicating that the strain produced at higher stress was not sufficient to re-equilibrate the microstructure. Even higher stresses (but probably trivial strains) are suggested by {110} slip bands, sporadically superposed on the normal microstructure, which presumably were produced during extraction of the xenoliths by the magma. The general correspondence between these results and those of previous studies conducted elsewhere in the world suggests that the general level of lithospheric stress of c. 10–50 MPa has been essentially constant since the middle Tertiary or that the dynamic process of magma generation and/or extraction always leads to similar microstructures.
Potential of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Mitigating Adverse Weather Impacts on Road Mobility: A Review

Adverse weather conditions for roads, which cause transportation systems to perform far below capacity, can severely affect society's economic output. As elimination of road weather events is not possible, transportation agencies perform proactive and reactive maintenance activities to minimize adverse impacts to keep roadways in optimum condition. While reactive maintenance activities are conducted to clear roadways after the occurrence of extreme weather events, proactive activities minimize these impacts beforehand. The success of proactive activities solely depends on the availability of accurate road weather information, however. Traditional road weather forecasting techniques rely on governmental weather services, which are not appropriate to predict route-specific road weather conditions. In this paper, the authors reviewed current intelligent transportation systems (ITS)-based solutions for minimizing road weather impacts and possible ITS innovations to incorporate diverse data sources to improve road weather management activities. ITS-based initiatives, such as road weather information system (RWIS), allow transportation agencies obtain accurate road weather assessments. Location-specific infrastructures such as RWIS are cost prohibitive for system-wide deployments. Connected vehicles equipped with weather sensors could enhance mobile road weather data collection. This strategy could improve proactive maintenance programs and reduce adverse effects of weather to the surface transportation system.
Comments on “Frictional Dissipation in a Precipitating Atmosphere”

Abstract Pauluis et al. argue that frictional dissipation of energy around falling hydrometeors is an important entropy source in the tropical atmosphere. Their calculations suggest that the frictional dissipation around hydrometeors is about ⅓ of the work available from a reversible convective heat engine. Moreover, based on the residual of the energy budget of a numerical model, not shown in their note, the authors argue that irreversible entropy sources due to diffusion of water vapor and phase changes reduce the mechanical work available from the convective heat engine by about ⅔. Pauluis et al. conclude that only a tiny fraction of the energy potentially available from a convective heat engine is used to perform work. Renno and Ingersoll show that frictional heating can be easily included in the heat engine framework via increases in the thermodynamic efficiency of a reversible heat engine. It is shown that the effect of any other irreversible process is merely to reduce the thermodynamic efficiency ...
Total cross-sections for inelastic scattering of charged particles by atoms and molecules—VIII. Systematics for atoms in the first and second row☆

Abstract The Bethe theory gives an asymptotic formula for the total cross-section σ tot for inelastic scattering of fast charged particles. For a (structureless) particle of charge ze and (non-relativistic) velocity v , it is written as σ tot = 4 πa 0 2 z 2 ( R / T ) M tot 2 ln (4 c tot T / R ), where R is the Rydberg energy, a 0 is the Bohr radius and T= 1 2 mv 2 , m being the electron mass. Two quantities, M tot 2 and ln c tot , depend upon the internal dynamics of the atom. We have performed comprehensive calculations of these quantities for neutral atoms He through Ar by use of independent-particle models, and also have studied the influence of electron correlations for several atoms. Our calculations reveal certain systematics of M tot 2 and ln c tot as functions of the atomic number Z . Because M tot 2 is expressed as the ground-state expectation value of the squared sum of atomic-electron coordinates, the trend of M tot 2 follows the size of the atom, governed by its shell structure. The quantity ln c tot also varies with the atomic size, but within a fairly modest range. Hence, the variation of σ tot at fixed v from one atom to another is chiefly governed by M tot 2 .
Decay heat removal options in nuclear rocket engines

Nuclear rocket engines which are to be restarted require cooling of the reactor core after each run. Cooling will be required after each shutdown for times from half a day to five days depending on the length of the run. Calculation of the decay heat from fission products and transuranic elements are presented for each in a series of runs typical of a piloted Mars mission. Propellant required to remove the decay energy has been determined for both optimistic and conservative cooling assumptions. Use of a closed cycle system after the decay power falls to below 1 Mw will provide a savings of about 40 percent of the cooling propellant required for complete open cycle cooling. For designs where the conservative cooling case is required a closed cycle system appears attractive. 2 refs.
Photopatterning poly(p-phenylenevinylene) from xanthate precursor polymers

A simple, direct method for photopatterning poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) from a xanthate precursor polymer is presented. The effect of UV exposure on the resultant PPV is examined by UV-Vis, XPS, FTIR, and DC conductivity measurements. By optimizing the photolithographic conditions, a spatial resolution of one micron is obtained, with minimal impact to the properties of the photopatterned PPV.
Collision model for vehicle motion prediction after light impacts

This article presents a collision model that predicts vehicle motions after a light impact. The focus of this work is on the characterisation of changes in vehicle kinematic states due to the impact; hence detailed analysis of vehicle component deformations is disregarded. Colliding vehicles are each modelled as rigid bodies with four degrees of freedom (longitudinal, lateral, yaw, and roll), which is different from the approach commonly used in the literature. The energy loss during impacts is accounted for through an empirical coefficient of restitution. In contrast to the conventional momentum-conservation-based method, the proposed approach takes tyre forces into account. Improved model prediction accuracy is demonstrated through numerical examples. The developed collision model is useful for the prediction of post-impact vehicle dynamics and the development of enhanced vehicle safety systems.
Socialist Cuba and the Intermediate Regimes of Jamaica and Guyana

Abstract Jamaica, Guyana and Cuba are examined using Kalecki's framework of the ‘intermediate regime’. Jamaica most clearly fits that category and Cuba least. This categorization should allow a differentiation among countries in terms of the policies needed to stabilize such a regime. Examining first domestic and international structural transformation, this paper finds little differentiation. In the area of basic human needs, however, the performance corresponds to expectations from the Kalecki framework. The model provides a different perspective on economic policy, linking it with internal political pressures. Predictions from the model are partially verified in the data examined.
Continuous X-ray diffraction measurement of lattice rotation during tensile deformation of aluminium crystals

Results are reported of experimental measurements in which crystallographic orientation changes due to lattice rotation were continuously monitored during uniaxial tensile tests on 99.99% pure aluminium crystals. The use of an image intensifier tube, lens coupled to a fluorescent screen, permitted Laue transmission X-ray diffraction patterns to be recorded with a motion picture camera at rates as fast as 24 frames per second. In all tests, the lattice rotation caused the tensile axes to overshoot the [1 0 0]-[1 1 1] symmetry line contrary to the classical view. In general, the experimentally measured lattice rotation values lagged behind the theoretical values as derived from the idealized single slip model. No clear dependence of lattice rotation on strain rate was found, although in every test the lattice rotated fast initially with no bending evident and then the lattice rotation slowed down accompanied by considerable lattice bending.
Validity of the Course-Faculty Instrument (CFI): Intrinsic and Extrinsic Variables

The construct validity of class ratings of instructors measured by the Course-Faculty Instrument was assessed. Two sets of variables were used which explicate aspects of the nomological network of instructor ratings: (a) three intrinsic variables of instructor behavior represented wanted sources of rating variance (e.g., perceived effectiveness of instructor communications), and (b) six extrinsic variables represented variance often considered to be undesirable, (e.g., instructor sex). Eighty-nine percent of the variance in the ratings of 129 instructors teaching 334 classes (from 10,738 student ratings) was explained by the intrinsic measures of instructor behavior. Three of the extrinsic variables correlated significantly with intrinsic variables and/or ratings (r's ≤ .23). However, these latter variables (experience, rank, and publishing activities) may be as suggestive of validity as bias.
Welcoming Animals Back to the City: Navigating the Tensions of Urban Livestock through Municipal Ordinances

Since the Industrial Revolution, livestock has been driven out of urban and semi-urban areas in the United States. Recently, calls for localizing the food system have led to a rise in urban agriculture, and livestock is finding its way back into the city. The return of livestock to urban areas is rife with tensions, including concerns about public health and challenges to dominant perspectives about the separation of urban from rural life. Through an analysis of municipal codes, this paper identifies how some communities have navigated challenges associated with welcoming livestock back into the city. Specifically, the paper analyzes how codes regulate livestock through prohibitions of certain types of animals, zoning to establish where in the municipality livestock can be kept, site-level restrictions that define property characteristics required to keep productive animals, and requirements for managing livestock and their accessory structures on the property. The analysis demonstrates that no two municipalities approach the urban livestock question in the same way; however, each seeks to place limits on raising livestock in urban areas through some combination of regulatory land use tools. The paper concludes with a broader discussion of how the regulations address key tensions associated with our understanding of the urban-rural divide and competing claims on public health.
Ultrasonic attenuation of shear waves in superconducting lead

Ultrasonic attenuation measurements have been made for shear waves propagating along the [001] and [110] directions in high-purity single crystals of lead at frequencies 10-50 Mc/sec and temperatures 2-15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. It was found that the temperature-dependent dislocation attenuation is only a small fraction of the total electronic attenuation of shear waves at the transducer voltages used, and therefore reliable data on the attenuation in the superconducting state can be obtained. The rapid-fall electromagnetic attenuation just below the transition temperature was analyzed on the basis of Fossheim's model, and bulk values of the London penetration depth were obtained for the two directions of propagation. The results are in reasonable agreement with thin-film data. The residual attenuation remaining at temperatures below the rapid-fall region was analyzed on the basis of the BCS equation, using the zero-temperature energy gap $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)$ as an adjustable parameter. The apparent energy gap $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)$ is frequency-dependent for q\ensuremath{\parallel}[110] and $\mathcal{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}[1\overline{1}0]$, varying from $4.4k{T}_{c}$ at 10 Mc/sec to $3.4k{T}_{c}$ at 50 Mc/sec. For q\ensuremath{\parallel}[110] and $\mathcal{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}[001]$, for q\ensuremath{\parallel}[001] and $\mathcal{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}[110]$, and for q\ensuremath{\parallel}[001] and $\mathcal{E}\ensuremath{\parallel}[010]$, the data indicate essentially frequency-independent energy gaps of $3.1k{T}_{c}$, $3.4k{T}_{c}$, and $3.4k{T}_{c}$, respectively. In addition to the above calculations of $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)$ using the ordinary technique of fitting the low-temperature portion of the data with the exponential in the BCS equation, the data were also fitted over the entire temperature range with BCS curves, using $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)$ to adjust the fit. The resulting values of $2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)$ were somewhat larger than those given above, with the relative values remaining about the same. The range of gap values observed is in good agreement with the recent tunneling data of Rochlin.
Immunological unresponsiveness in leprosy and its relevance to immunoregulation in man

The varied forms of leprosy form a clinical and immunological spectrum which offers extraordinary possibilities for insight into immunoregulatory mechanisms in man. At one pole, tuberculoid leprosy, patients develop high levels of cell-mediated immunity which ultimately results in killing of bacilli in the tissues, albeit often with damage to nerves. At the lepromatous pole, patients exhibit selective immunological unresponsiveness to antigens of Mycobacterium leprae. Even though all currently known protein species of Mycobacterium leprae and BCG are cross-reactive, lepromatous patients unreactive to Mycobacterium leprae antigens frequently respond strongly to tuberculin. In vitro experiments suggest the existence of lepromin-induced suppressor activity, mediated by both monocytes and T cells. The T suppressor cells have the T8 phenotype of which 50% express the activation markers, Ia and FcR. The one unique species of antigen of the leprosy bacillus is a phenolic glycolipid, and it appears that the Ts cells largely recognize the terminal trisaccharide of this unique antigen. Depletion of Ts cells restores in vitro reactivity of lymphocytes to lepromin in a portion of lepromatous patients, and addition of IL-2 containing supernatants partially restores responsiveness to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. Vaccination of lepromatous patients with a mixture of Mycobacterium leprae and live BCG restores cell-mediated immunity in the majority of lepromatous patients, and concomitantly reduces the in vitro suppressor activity and number of activated T8 cells. These experiments suggest the existence of stage-of-disease related suppressor cells in leprosy which appear to block the responsiveness of TH capable of responding to either specific or cross-reactive mycobacterial antigens. The mode of action of these Ts appears to be the inhibition of production of IL-2 and other lymphokines. Successful immunotherapeutic vaccination appears to overcome this block in the majority of patients.
Transport, capacitation and fertilizing ability of epididymal spermatozoa.

Equal numbers of rabbit spermatozoa from the proximal cauda epididymidis and ejaculate of the same male were mixed and inseminated intravaginally. Their competitive performance in the same female was evaluated by identification of the two populations with x-irradiation marking (fertilizing spermatozoon) and fluorescein isothiocyanate labelling (spermatozoa in the uterus and egg vestments). Following such mixed inseminations, epididymal spermatozoa from thirteen males fertilized 48% of 251 eggs recovered 50 hours after HCG injection and comprised 55%, 59% and 73% of spermatozoa in the perivitelline space, zona pellucida and mucin layer. When mixed spermatozoa from eight other males were inseminated 5 hours after HCG and the eggs were recovered 8 hours later (13 hours after HCG), epididymal spermatozoa accounted for 53% of the perivitelline and zona spermatozoa in 108 eggs and more than 50% of the uterine spermatozoa in seven of fifteen females. Cleavage of eggs fertilized by spermatozoa from the distal corpus epididymidis and ejaculate of the same male (eight males) was compared by insemination of the respective sperm populations into contralateral oviducts of the same female (sixteen females). There was no significant difference in the level of fertilization or the stage of cleavage 27 hours after insemination and HCG, whether eggs were fertilized by epididymal or ejaculated spermatozoa. These results indicate that once epididymal spermatozoa have acquired the capacity to penetrate the egg, they do not differ from ejaculated spermatozoa in their transport, capacitation, fertilizing ability or competence to sustain development of the egg to the sixteen cell stage.
Most-probable-point-locus structural reliability method

In 1990, a new iteration procedure, for identification of the most-probable-point (MPP), was developed. This procedure was significantly more efficient and stable than the commonly-used iteration procedures. This study was further extended in 1991 and 1992. This paper describes the results of the extension of Reference 1 aimed at (1) implementation of the line search algorithm for identification of an improved search direction, (2) addition of a third convergence criterion to improve accuracy in identification of the MPP, (3) modification of the quadratic search algorithm to improve stability and rate of convergence, and (4) improvement in the first-order estimate of the failure probability. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology is assessed by the Hasofor, Lind, Rackwitz, and Fiessler (HL-RF) method and the Monte Carlo simulation technique. minimum distance minimum distance based on g(d = 0 on Lj minimum distance based on gj@ = 0 intermediate (during search) minimum distance based on points on Lj convergence tolerance in P convergence tolerance in g mean value standard deviation main curvature of limit-state function in U-space curvature matrix of limit-state function in rotated curvature matrix of limit-state function in U-space j-th linearization point in U-space MPP of X-based linear approximation of g(&) at uj search direction passing through ujj quadratic function relating g and 8 angle between two search directions \
HEAT GENERATION IN AIRCRAFT TIRES

A method was developed for calculating the internal temperature distribution in an aircraft tire while free rolling under load. The method uses an approximate stress analysis of each point in the tire as it rolls through the contact patch, and from this stress change the mechanical work done on each volume element may be obtained and converted into a heat release rate through a knowledge of material characteristics. The tire cross-section is then considered as a body with internal heat generation, and the diffusion equation is solved numerically with appropriate boundary conditions of the wheel and runway surface. Comparison with data obtained with buried thermocouples in tires shows good agreement.
An Apholate-Resistant Strain of House Flies. I. Resistance to Other Chemosterilants and to Insecticides

A strain of Musca domestica L. isolated from an insecticide-resistant strain was selected for 35 generations with increasing concentrations of apholate on sugar bait. Selection was begun with 0.05 and 0.1% apholate fed as sugar bait along with reconstituted skim milk. Resistance to apholate was apparent in the 15th generation after initiation of apholate-selection pressure. The concentration of apholate in sugar bait fed to flies was increased 26-fold in the 35 generations. Hatchability tests showed about a 5-fold increase in resistance compared with the parent insecticide-resistant strain. The strain showed a low level of cross resistance to metepa but not to methotrexate. After 35 generations of selection with apholate the strain showed a decrease in resistance to lindane, diazinon, dimethoate, and dimetilan. It could not be determined whether this regression of resistance was due to apholate selection or to cessation of insecticide-selection pressure.
ENHANCED CONVENIENCE OF AKARA PREPARATION WITH A TWO‐STAGE FRYING PROCESS

Akara is a fried finger food that is very popular in West Africa. It has the potential to increase the consumption of cowpeas in the United States if made more convenient to prepare. Fried foods are very popular, but tend to be consumed to a greater extent in foodservice settings than in the home. Therefore, if akara were made convenient for this use, its utilization could be increased. The samples in this study were initially cooked by frying and then fried a second time in order to either reheat or complete cooking. The three variables were pre and postcooking times [seconds (s)] and starch level (%). Fat content of akara ranged from 31 to 41% and moisture content from 39 to 49%. Instrumental color measurements showed a darker product than samples from previous studies with L* (Lightness) values of about 37 to 47; texture measurements (peak force) ranged from 512 to 660 newtons (n). Crust thickness also increased with a second frying step. Internal temperatures were recorded on the partially cooked and the finished-cooked samples. Temperatures ranged from 66.3C to 96.3C depending on the level of each variable. Cooking time had more of an effect on internal temperatures than did the starch level. The temperatures of the finish-fried samples showed a direct relationship with postcooking time.
Alpha-Methyl-l-Tryptophan Positron Emission Tomography in Epilepsy With Cortical Developmental Malformations

Preliminary studies suggest that alpha[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan positron emission tomography can detect the epileptic focus within malformations of cortical development. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan positron emission tomography in identifying epileptic focus in children with intractable, neocortical epilepsy with and without malformations of cortical development. Seventy-three epileptic children were classified into lesional and nonlesional groups, and compared regarding focal increased alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan uptake. The sensitivity and specificity of focal increased alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan uptake, using intracranial electroencephalogram localization of seizure onset as the standard, were compared between lesional and nonlesional groups. The specificity of alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan positron emission tomography for detecting seizure onset lobe was equally high in lesional (97%) and nonlesional groups (100%), whereas sensitivity was higher in the lesional than the nonlesional group (47% versus 29%; P = 0.047). The incidence of alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan uptake abnormality was higher in the lesional than the nonlesional group ( P 0.01). Alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan positron emission tomography localized and visualized epileptogenic regions in 25% of patients with nonlocalizing magnetic resonance imaging. Although overall sensitivity of alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan positron emission tomography in identifying neocortical epileptic focus is modest, specificity is extremely high. When an alpha-[ 11 C]methyl-l-tryptophan focus is detected, it likely represents the epileptogenic region to be resected.
A comparative study on three boundary element method approaches to problems in elastodynamics

In this study, three boundary element method approaches are compared by solving a typical problem in linear elastodynamics. The first approach formulates and solves the problem in the real time domain in conjunction with a time-stepping algorithm. The other two approaches formulate and solve the problem in the Laplace and the Fourier transformed domains, which necessitates a numerical inversion of the results to the time domain. The results obtained compare favourably with available analytic solutions. A detailed tabulation of the computer time and memory requirements of each approach is presented.
Over-AVID subgroup analysis: Reply

We agree with Goldberger et al. that subgroup analyses are prone to overinterpretation. One must be very cautious in dealing with subgroup analyses, particularly when they are post hoc (ours was a priori), based on essentially randomly defined subgroups (ours was based on a prespecified mechanistic
The glycosphingolipid composition of the human hepatoma cell line, Hep-G2

Abstract The origin of plasma glycosphingolipids in normal individuals and the mechanisms by which tumor-associated glycosphingolipid antigens enter the plasma in patients with cancer are largely unknown. The Hep-G2 human hepatoma cell line retains many of the characteristics of differentiated hepatocytes including the ability to synthesize and secrete lipoproteins. Preliminary results indicated that newly synthesized Hep-G2 cell glycosphingolipids are coupled to the secreted lipoproteins. This suggests that this cell line may offer an interesting model for studying glycosphingolipid secretion, transfer, and shedding. We now report on the chemical and immunological characterization of Hep-G2 cell glycosphingolipids. Five major glycosphingolipids were purified and biochemically characterized: glycosylceramide, lactosyl ceramide, ceramide trihexoside, ganglioside GM 3 , and lactosyl sulfatide. Four additional minor components (3-fucosyllactosamine containing glycolipids, asialo GM 2 , galactosylgloboside, and ganglioside GM 1 ) were identified using a combination of exoglycosidase digestion and immunostaining of thin-layer chromatography plates with specific carbohydrate binding proteins. This demonstrates that although this cell line synthesizes a limited number of major glycosphingolipids, it retains the ability to produce at least small amounts of structures in the lactoneo, globo, and ganglio series of glycosphingolipids. These studies show that it will be possible to investigate the mechanisms of secretion by Hep-G2 cells of different classes of these molecules such as neutral glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, and sulfatides.
The past and future motion of comet P/Swift-Tuttle

The orbit of P/Swift-Tuttle is investigated by way of a long-term integration forward to AD 2392 and backward to 703 BC. Two of its previous returns prior to the telescopic period, in AD 188 and 69 BC, are identified in Chinese records. No other observations of P/Swift-Tuttle have been found. The non-gravitational forces that affect the motion of most active comets appear to be negligible for this comet, suggesting that either the comet outgasses radially toward the Sun and in a symmetric fashion about perihelion and/or it is far more massive than periodic comets of comparable activity (e.g. P/Halley). Our successful integration is consistent with all the observed returns of the comet
Interleukin-1beta increases baseline expression and secretion of interleukin-6 by human uveal melanocytes in vitro via the p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB pathway.

PURPOSE Melanocyte is the major cell component in the uvea. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine. The authors studied the expression of IL-6 in cultured human uveal melanocytes (UMs) and their modulation by IL-1β and explored the relevant signal pathways. METHODS Conditioned media and cells were collected from UMs cultured in medium with and without serum and were stimulated by IL-1β. IL-6 protein and transcript were measured using an ELISA kit and RT-PCR, respectively. NF-κB in nuclear extracts and phosphorylated p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK in cells cultured with and without IL-1β were measured by ELISA kits. Inhibitors of p38 (SB203580), ERK (UO1026), JNK (SP600125), and NF-κB (BAY11-7082) were added to the cultures to evaluate their effects. RESULTS Low levels of IL-6 protein were detected in the conditioned medium in UMs cultured without serum. The addition of serum increased the secretion of IL-6. IL-1β (0.1-10 ng/mL) increased IL-6 transcript and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner up to sixfold, accompanied by a significant increase of NF-κB in nuclear extracts and phosphorylated p38 MAPK in cell lysates. NF-κB and p38 inhibitors alone decreased, whereas a combination of these two inhibitors completely abolished the IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the expression and secretion of IL-6 by UMs. IL-1β augments IL-6 production from the melanocytes. The data suggest that UMs may play a role in the pathogenesis of ocular inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Mechanical properties of zinc-aluminium alloys extruded in the liquid-solid state

Zinc-aluminium alloy bars and wires were successfully extruded in the liquid-solid state with a liquid fraction higher than 15%. Fully dense materials were obtained in this way with pressure lower than 100 MPa. The relationship between flow stress and solid fraction was obtained and the role of the liquid component in the deformation behaviour was clarified. Mechanical properties of the extruded material are presented and discussed with regard to the initial microstructure of the metals before deformation, i.e. the conventional dendritic structure and non-dendritic structure composed of solid spheroids dispersed in the remaining liquid obtained by stir-casting techniques. The microstructure of the extruded products was generally fine and a fibrous structure was easily observed particularly for the stir-cast material where primary solid spheroids were highly deformed. Optimization of these parameters leads to a desirable high-strength material.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION WITH AUTOCORRELATED DISTURBANCES

Available methods for dealing with autocorrelated disturbanecs are unsatisfactory. They are computationally cumbersome and lead to estimators that have only weak asymptotic properties. Maximum likelihood estimation of all parameters is theoretically preferable, but has been unpopular due to the practical difficulties of numerical optimization in a multidimensional space. In this paper it is shown that the computational aspect of maximum likelihood estimation can be greatly simplified. The numerical search is confined to the interval (— 1, 1) of the autocorrelation parameter. The method is applicable to a single static equation as well as to autoregressive models with one or more equations. Some sampling experiments demonstrate the superiority of the maximum likelihood estimator over ordinary least squares, generalized least squares, and one other estimator in small samples.
Architecture as a Mathematical Function: Reflections on Gottfried Semper

In a lecture of 1853, the architect and architectural theorist Gottfried Semper (1803–1879) explained a work of art as a mathematical function. The lecture was published for the first time in 1884 and the equation for the work of art was presented there as Y = F(x, y, z, etc.). Since then, several widely differing manuscripts, translations, and interpretations have appeared. The following essay describes Semper’s equation, the variations and explanations he gave in his writings, and the interpretations by others that have followed up to the present. It discusses Semper’s attempts to connect architecture with infinitesimal calculus, his mathematical background, and his desire to give architecture a scientific foundation through methods of systematic comparison and classification.
Estimation of kinetic parameters associated with the curing of thermoset resins. Part II: Experimental results†

This is a two-part theoretical and experimental study on the estimation of the kinetic parameters associated with the curing of a thermoset epoxy resin. In Part II, the kinetic parameters associated with the curing of the bisphenol-A-diglycidylether/meta-phenylenediamine (BADGE/mPDA) resin were estimated from both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric experimental data using a new estimation procedure described in Part I. The kinetic parameters estimated were the Arrhenius constants associated with a kinetic model used to describe the degree of cure. Isothermal experiments were performed using both experimental techniques at four different curing temperatures. The resulting estimates of the kinetic parameters were compared with results obtained from the same data using a linear regression method. The magnitude of the confidence intervals of the estimated parameters and the standard deviation of the model (based on the residual errors between predicted values of the degree of cure and experimental values) were used as criteria in the comparison of the results. From this comparison, it was concluded that the parameters estimated from DSC data using the new estimation procedure provided the estimates with the least variability and, consequently, the smallest errors associated with the kinetic model.
C-terminal Domains of N-Methyl-d-aspartic Acid Receptor Modulate Unitary Channel Conductance and Gating

NMDA receptors (NRs) are glutamate-gated calcium-permeable channels that are essential for normal synaptic transmssion and contribute to neurodegeneration. Tetrameric proteins consist of two obligatory GluN1 (N1) and two GluN2 (N2) subunits, of which GluN2A (2A) and GluN2B (2B) are prevalent in adult brain. The intracellularly located C-terminal domains (CTDs) make a significant portion of mass of the receptors and are essential for plasticity and excitotoxicity, but their functions are incompletely defined. Recent evidence shows that truncation of the N2 CTD alters channel kinetics; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. Here we recorded activity from individual NRs lacking the CTDs of N1, 2A, or 2B and determined the gating mechanisms of these receptors. Receptors lacking the N1 CTDs had larger unitary conductance and faster deactivation kinetics, receptors lacking the 2A or 2B CTDs had longer openings and longer desensitized intervals, and the first 100 amino acids of the N2 CTD were essential for these changes. In addition, receptors lacking the CTDs of either 2A or 2B maintained isoform-specific kinetic differences and swapping CTDs between 2A and 2B had no effect on single-channel properties. Based on these results, we suggest that perturbations in the CTD can modify the NR-mediated signal in a subunit-dependent manner, in 2A these effects are most likely mediated by membrane-proximal residues, and the isoform-specific biophysical properties conferred by 2A and 2B are CTD-independent. The kinetic mechanisms we developed afford a quantitative approach to understanding how the intracellular domains of NR subunits can modulate the responses of the receptor.