cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ritual Design: Crafting Team Rituals for Meaningful Organizational Change

Culture in an organization is hard to grasp due its intangible nature, but it can have huge influence on the organization’s success and people’s experiences. We proposed a ritual design framework to craft more deliberate organizational culture, and ran a two-session-class in partnership with a large corporate organization. The results showed that organizational rituals can be designed deliberately and organically when employees have a safe, structured environment to play with new cultural rituals, and they are given license to challenge the status quo. This initial design research shows that organizational rituals are most desired for increasing creativity, resilience, and cohesion among team members. It also shows that a ritual design framework can allow for organic, democratic culture-building.
Managing Innovation Spillover in Outsourcing

When an innovator outsources the manufacturing of an innovative product to a contract manufacturer (CM) which is also a competitor in the end market, the potential innovation spillover may be a serious concern. We study an innovator’s outsourcing decision under spillover risks with an emphasis on the ex ante uncertain values of innovations, and distinguish between technical innovations which can only spill over through outsourcing and non‐technical innovations which can also spill over in the market. We find that in both cases an innovator may strategically outsource to a competitor‐CM, albeit for distinct motivations: for technical innovations, it is done so that the competitor‐CM would yield market leadership to the innovator; and for non‐technical innovations, it is done so that the competitor‐CM would face innovation uncertainties alongside the innovator.
Metaplasia: An Overview

Metaplastic changes are common lesions found at widespread locations, occurring in both reactive and neoplastic tissues. Metaplasia has the following characteristics: (1) it can arise not only as a proliferation and transformation of immature (stem) cells, but also as a direct or indirect transformation of mature cells; (2) through metaplasia, a given cell may exhibit epithelial, mesothelial, or mesenchymal characteristics, regardless of the tissue of origin; and (3) its importance lies in that metaplastic changes can often be symptomatic and may simulate tumors clinically, grossly, or histologically.
The Measurement of Lymphocyte Size and Thymidine Uptake in Comparative Response to Mitogen Stimulation in Vitro

Measurements of thymidine uptake and cell size with the Coulter ZBI Counter and C-1000 channelyzer were found to be comparable for mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. These two technics show a discrete relation with correlated regions of high and low response. Electronic sizing was correlated linearly to microscopic sizing of lymphoblasts. The reproducibility of radiolabeled and electronic sizing measurements were similar and significantly better than that of manual microscopic sizing. The distribution of lymphocyte sizes after two or three days in culture with mitogen was found to be bimodal. This facilitated the direct detection of stimulation responses with the ZBI counter.
Glomerular Lesions in Lymphomas and Leukemias

Renal lesions in lymphoid malignancies are rare, with most lesions observed in association with Hodgkin's disease. In two large series of patients with Hodgkin's disease, only 0.4 percent had minimal-change lesion whereas 0.1 percent had amyloidosis. The non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and leukemias comprise large and heterogeneous groups with equally diverse renal lesions. As in Hodgkin's disease, the most frequent lesion is minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. Also recognized are rare reports of renal disease associated with the atypical lymphoid proliferations of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, giant lymph node hyperplasia syndrome, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Broad generalizations regarding the pathogenesis of renal disease in these syndromes are difficult, partly due to the paucity and sporadic reporting of such cases. Mechanisms proposed to explain the renal pathologic findings include autologous nontumor antigens, tumor antigens, fetal antigen expression, immune complex deposition, viral antigens, and disordered T cell function.
Cisplatin-Based Combination Chemotherapy for Disseminated Germ Cell Tumors: Long-Term Follow-Up

A retrospective analysis of the initial 229 cases of disseminated germ cell tumors treated at Indiana University with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB), with or without doxorubicin revealed 146 patients who are alive and disease-free with a minimum follow-up of 6 years and a median follow-up of 8.5 years. At 12 years, the estimated probability of survival is 65.0%, and the estimated probability of relapse-free survival for complete responders is 83.5%. Long-term complications, such as clinically significant organ toxicity or therapy-related second malignancies, have not been observed. The functional status of survivors is maintained, with 95% returning to their pretherapy status, of which 88% are fully employed. Of patients receiving chemotherapy without abdominal surgery, 35% have fathered healthy children posttherapy. Achievement of complete remission (CR) in disseminated germ cell tumors with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy translates to long-term disease-free survival and cure for t...
SHAPE CONTROL IN METAL BENDING PROCESSES: THE MODEL MEASUREMENT TRADEOFF

Abstract This paper describes a general approach to the problem of closed-loop shape control of metal bending processes and examines the effect of different measurement options on the necessary detail of the accompanying model. Three examples are discussed, one dealing with an angle based iterative control scheme for brakeforming, one that combines closed-loop material property identification (using force and displacement measurements) with open-loop shape control in brakeforming and a closed-loop shape regulator for roll bending that uses force displacement and shape measurements. These examples illustrate the clear tradeoff between model complexity and completeness of measurements and also demonstrate the resulting performance compromises.
Surgical Correction of Scrotal Transposition and Perineal Hypospadias

A unique surgical technique for simultaneous repair of incomplete scrotal transposition, chordee and perineal hypospadias is presented. A skin bridge left in continuity with pubic skin and the penile shaft is deemed essential to ensure adequate vascularity.
REMOVING BARRIERS TO THE APPLICATION OF AUTOMATION IN DISCRETE PART BATCH MANUFACTURING

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of information in dynamic control systems that can improve productivity in individual machine tools and in integrated computer aided manufacturing systems by hundreds or even thousands of percents. The National Bureau of Standards is carrying out research in the technologies of dynamic measurement and computer control and is developing effective standards that will reduce cost barriers and, thus, help Government and industry achieve those potential increases in productivity. The National Bureau of Standards program in automation technology focuses the National Bureau of Standards resources on developing a basic understanding of the technology of computer based automation and then develops those standards and guidelines that will stimulate the diffusion of this technology to enhance productivity in both Government and industry. There are three different types of manufacturing industries, each with a distinct and identifiable process technology, that is, a distinctly different way of manufacturing their products. Continuous process industries such as petroleum, chemicals, and steel account for 47% of the value added in the manufacturing sector of the US economy.
NiCuZn Ferrite Cores by Gelcasting: Processing and Properties

We used gelcasting, a pressure-less processing technology for fabricating ceramic parts, to make NiCuZn ferrite cores, which are traditionally made by a process that requires high hydrostatic pressure. A commercial NiCuZn ferrite powder was mixed with water, dispersant, and organic monomers to form a slurry, and then cast it into a mold of toroid shape followed by sintering at 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C for two hours. The sintered core mass density was found to increase with sintering temperature. The magnetic properties of the cores, i.e., complex permeability and core-loss density, were measured. We found that the real part of the permeability increased with sintering temperature from about 44 at 900 °C to 78 at 1000 °C. The core-loss density data at 5 MHz showed that the cores sintered at 950 °C had the lowest core-loss density; approximately 50% lower than that of a commercial NiZn ferrite (4F1) core. Since gelcasting does not require pressure and is scalable and low cost, it has the potential to make magnetic cores with intricate shapes and sizes for desired coupling of magnetic fluxes to improve efficiency and power-density of power electronics converters.
A Life Insurance Deterrent to Risky Behavior in Africa

Abstract The spread of HIV and AIDS and risky sexual behavior continues to be a problem in Sub-Saharan African countries despite government measures to educate people on the risk and severity of the disease and measures to promote safe sex practices such as making condoms readily available at reduced or no cost. We examine whether people decide to engage in risky sexual behavior due to low income and low life expectancy. Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by conditions that significantly reduce life expectancy such as unsanitary conditions prevalent in poverty stricken areas, inaccessibility to health care, and dangerous working conditions such as those in very poor mining regions. Moreover, since income per capita in these countries is very low, the opportunity cost associated with dying from AIDS and foregoing future consumption is very low. We examine how a government provided life insurance benefit may be an effective means of deterring risky sexual behavior. To evaluate this policy prescription we develop a life-cycle model with personal and family consumption and endogenous probability of survival. In the model, agents can receive life insurance benefits if their death is not the result of AIDS. We demonstrate that excessive risky behavior does result from low life expectancy and low levels of income and illustrate the conditions for which the life insurance benefit can replicate the effects of higher income and life expectancy, deterring risky sexual behavior and reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Effects of Proton Center Closure on Pediatric Case Volume and Resident Education at an Academic Cancer Center.

Purpose To analyze effects of closure of an academic proton treatment center (PTC) on pediatric case volume, distribution, and resident education. Methods and Materials This was a review of 412 consecutive pediatric (age ≤18 years) cases treated at a single institution from 2012 to 2016. Residents' Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs for the same years were also analyzed. Characteristics of the patient population and resident case volumes before and after closure of the PTC are reported. Results Overall pediatric new starts declined by approximately 50%, from 35 to 70 per 6 months in 2012 to 2014 to 22 to 30 per 6 months in 2015 to 2016. Central nervous system (CNS) case volume declined sharply, from 121 patients treated in 2012 to 2015 to 18 patients in 2015 to 2016. In 2012 to 2014 our institution treated 36, 24, and 17 patients for medulloblastoma/intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoma, and low-grade glioma, respectively, compared with 0, 1, and 1 patient(s) in 2015 to 2016. Forty-nine patients were treated with craniospinal radiation (CSI) from 2012 to 2014, whereas only 2 patients underwent CSI between 2015 and 2016. Hematologic malignancy patient volume and use of total body irradiation remained relatively stable. Patients treated when the PTC was open were significantly younger (9.1 vs 10.7 years, P=.010) and their radiation courses were longer (35.4 vs 20.9 days, P Conclusions Overall pediatric case volume decreased after PTC closure, as did the number of patients treated for potentially curable CNS tumors. Our findings raise important questions regarding resident training in pediatric radiation oncology as these cases become increasingly concentrated at specialized centers.
Should We Reject the Natural Rate Hypothesis

Fifty years ago, Milton Friedman articulated the natural rate hypothesis. It was composed of two sub-hypotheses: First, the natural rate of unemployment is independent of monetary policy. Second, there is no long-run trade-off between the deviation of unemployment from the natural rate and inflation. Both propositions have been challenged. The paper reviews the arguments and the macro and micro evidence against each. It concludes that, in each case, the evidence is suggestive, but not conclusive. Policymakers should keep the natural rate hypothesis as their null hypothesis, but keep an open mind and put some weight on the alternatives.
Needles in Our Technology Haystacks: Defining Efficacy Is Easy, Characterizing Complications Is the Challenge.

In this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions , Rhee et al1 address an interesting aspect of technology development—the delineation of device complications in an era of accelerating innovation. They specifically sought to validate longitudinal stent deformation (LSD) as a design-dependent complication, pooling data from several studies using precise definitions, and longer periods of evaluation to overcome what they cite as shortcomings of prior studies.1 See Article by Rhee et al This challenge of identifying failure modes is a modern feature of the ancient domain of innovation. From the beginning of time, nature, need, and innovation have been coupled. Indeed, the idea that “Art imitates Nature, and Necessity is the Mother of Invention” is ascribed variably to Plato in the 4th century Before Common Era, and Richard Franck in the 17th century Common Era. Art here adheres to its original definition, the harnessing of human creativity and the expression of innovation to provide new things to improve the human condition—technology. This dictum, irrespective of who elaborated it first, remains the governing principle of therapeutics—iterative and innovative imitation of nature to develop ever new means of treating disease. The flip side of this argument that is less well appreciated is that the complications that limit technology are the sine qua non for innovation. Without complications, there is no drive for creative solutions. The question that confronts us now more than ever is how to detect complications in the march of increasingly sophisticated innovation. The story is well tread. Bypass grafting to reperfuse ischemic myocardium was embraced wholeheartedly until it became evident that only those with the most significant disease benefited and with a significant price. Balloon angioplasty allowed for immediate and minimally invasive intervention and, though originally intended to save time for the most ill to make it to the …
Suicide Screening in Primary Care: Use of an Electronic Screener to Assess Suicidality and Improve Provider Follow-Up for Adolescents.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using an existing computer decision support system to screen adolescent patients for suicidality and provide follow-up guidance to clinicians in a primary care setting. Predictors of patient endorsement of suicidality and provider documentation of follow-up were examined. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to examine the implementation of a CDSS that screened adolescent patients for suicidality and provided follow-up recommendations to providers. The intervention was implemented for patients aged 12–20 years in two primary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana. Results The sample included 2,134 adolescent patients (51% female; 60% black; mean age = 14.6 years [standard deviation = 2.1]). Just over 6% of patients screened positive for suicidality. A positive endorsement of suicidality was more common among patients who were female, depressed, and seen by an adolescent−medicine board-certified provider as opposed to general pediatric provider. Providers documented follow-up action for 83% of patients who screened positive for suicidality. Documentation of follow-up action was correlated with clinic site and Hispanic race. The majority of patients who endorsed suicidality (71%) were deemed not actively suicidal after assessment by their provider. Conclusions Incorporating adolescent suicide screening and provider follow-up guidance into an existing computer decision support system in primary care is feasible and well utilized by providers. Female gender and depressive symptoms are consistently associated with suicidality among adolescents, although not all suicidal adolescents are depressed. Universal use of a multi-item suicide screener that assesses recency might more effectively identify suicidal adolescents.
Radial mixing and Ru-Mo isotope systematics under different accretion scenarios.

Abstract The Ru–Mo isotopic compositions of inner Solar System bodies may reflect the provenance of accreted material and how it evolved with time, both of which are controlled by the accretion scenario these bodies experienced. Here we use a total of 116 N-body simulations of terrestrial planet accretion, run in the Eccentric Jupiter and Saturn (EJS), Circular Jupiter and Saturn (CJS), and Grand Tack scenarios, to model the Ru–Mo anomalies of Earth, Mars, and Theia analogues. This model starts by applying an initial step function in Ru–Mo isotopic composition, with compositions reflecting those in meteorites, and traces compositional evolution as planets accrete. The mass-weighted provenance of the resulting planets reveals more radial mixing in Grand Tack simulations than in EJS/CJS simulations, and more efficient mixing among late-accreted material than during the main phase of accretion in EJS/CJS simulations. We find that an extensive homogeneous inner disk region is required to reproduce Earth's observed Ru–Mo composition. EJS/CJS simulations require a homogeneous reservoir in the inner disk extending to ≥3–4 AU (≥74–98% of initial mass) to reproduce Earth's composition, while Grand Tack simulations require a homogeneous reservoir extending to ≥3–10 AU (≥97–99% of initial mass), and likely to ≥6–10 AU. In the Grand Tack model, Jupiter's initial location (the most likely location for a discontinuity in isotopic composition) is ∼3.5 AU; however, this step location has only a 33% likelihood of producing an Earth with the correct Ru–Mo isotopic signature for the most plausible model conditions. Our results give the testable predictions that Mars has zero Ru anomaly and small or zero Mo anomaly, and the Moon has zero Mo anomaly. These predictions are insensitive to wide variations in parameter choices.
A single-level random-effects cross-lagged panel model for longitudinal mediation analysis

Cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) are widely used to test mediation with longitudinal panel data. One major limitation of the CLPMs is that the model effects are assumed to be fixed across individuals. This assumption is likely to be violated (i.e., the model effects are random across individuals) in practice. When this happens, the CLPMs can potentially yield biased parameter estimates and misleading statistical inferences. This article proposes a model named a random-effects cross-lagged panel model (RE-CLPM) to account for random effects in CLPMs. Simulation studies show that the RE-CLPM outperforms the CLPM in recovering the mean indirect and direct effects in a longitudinal mediation analysis when random effects exist in the population. The performance of the RE-CLPM is robust to a certain degree, even when the random effects are not normally distributed. In addition, the RE-CLPM does not produce harmful results when the model effects are in fact fixed in the population. Implications of the simulation studies and potential directions for future research are discussed.
Adaptive-scanning, near-minimum-deformation atomic force microscope imaging of soft sample in liquid: Live mammalian cell example

Abstract In this paper, an adaptive-scanning mode (ASM) of atomic force microscope (AFM) with near-minimum sample deformation is proposed for imaging live biological samples in liquid. Conventional contact mode (CM) imaging of live cells is rather slow (scan rate
Short-run and long-run effects of milton friedman's presidential address

The centerpiece of Milton Friedman's (1968) presidential address to the American Economic Association, delivered in Washington, DC, on December 29, 1967, was the striking proposition that monetary policy has no longer-run effects on the real economy. Friedman focused on two real measures, the unemployment rate and the real interest rate, but the message was broader—in the longer run, monetary policy controls only the price level. We call this the monetary-policy invariance hypothesis. By 1968, macroeconomics had adopted the basic Phillips curve as the favored model of correlations between inflation and unemployment, and Friedman used the Phillips curve in the exposition of the invariance hypothesis. Friedman's presidential address was commonly interpreted as a recommendation to add a previously omitted variable, the rate of inflation anticipated by the public, to the right-hand side of what then became an augmented Phillips curve. We believe that Friedman's main message, the invariance hypothesis about long-term outcomes, has prevailed over the last half-century based on the broad sweep of evidence from many economies over many years. Subsequent research has not been kind to the Phillips curve, but we will argue that Friedman's exposition of the invariance hypothesis in terms of a 1960s-style Phillips curve is incidental to his main message.
Fellow Perceptions of Residency Training in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Objective To evaluate the perceptions of current and former fellows in obstetrics and gynecology (OBG) subspecialties of their readiness for fellowship training. Methods A previously used survey was modified and distributed in 2016 to current and former fellows in gynecologic oncology, maternal-fetal medicine, reproductive endocrinology-infertility, and female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. The survey explored domains of professionalism, independent practice, psychomotor ability, clinical evaluation, and scholarship. A standard Likert scale was employed and domains/responses were tailored to each subspecialty. Standard statistical models were utilized. Results A total of 478 fellows responded to the survey. Nearly 75% of fellows from each specialty reported feeling prepared or very prepared for fellowship. More than 65% of fellows from each specialty reported feeling very prepared to perform core surgical procedures. More than 90% of respondents reported having opportunities during residency to independently develop a plan of action for patients on labor and delivery. Fewer respondents reported opportunities to independently manage postoperative complications—40.7% of gynecologic oncology and 44.7% of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery reported having such opportunities, whereas 91.9% of maternal-fetal medicine respondents reported having had such opportunities. While 46.4% of respondents received education on scientific writing during residency, 80% reported writing a manuscript as a resident. Conclusions The majority of current and former fellows in OBG subspecialties report feeling prepared for fellowship in terms of clinical and surgical skills. Their feedback reveals opportunities for improvement of independent practice in gynecologic scenarios, as well as formal education on scientific research, for OBG residencies.
Acceleration of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in starburst superwinds

The sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been stubbornly elusive. However, the latest report of the Pierre Auger Observatory provides a compelling indication for a possible correlation between the arrival directions of UHECRs and nearby starburst galaxies. We argue that if starbursts are sources of UHECRs, then particle acceleration in the large-scale terminal shock of the superwind that flows from the starburst engine represents the best known concept model in the market. We investigate new constraints on the model and readjust free parameters accordingly. We show that UHECR acceleration above about $1{0}^{11}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ remains consistent with observation. We also show that the model could accommodate hard source spectra as required by Auger data. We demonstrate how neutrino emission can be used as a discriminator among acceleration models.
Monotone Paths in Geometric Triangulations

(I) We prove that the (maximum) number of monotone paths in a triangulation of n points in the plane is \(O(1.8027^n)\). This improves an earlier upper bound of \(O(1.8393^n)\); the current best lower bound is \(\varOmega (1.7034^n)\). (II) Given a planar straight-line graph G with n vertices, we show that the number of monotone paths in G can be computed in \(O(n^2)\) time.
Medical Technologies and Challenges of Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Intervention and Diagnostics

Emerging paradigms furthering the reach of medical technology into human anatomy present unique modeling, control, and sensing problems. This review provides a brief history of medical robotics, leading to the current trend of minimally invasive intervention and diagnostics in confined spaces. We discuss robotics for natural orifice and single-port access surgery, capsule and magnetically actuated robotics, and microrobotics, with the aim of elucidating the state of the art. We also discuss works on modeling, sensing, and control of mechanical architectures of robots for natural orifice and single-port access surgery, followed by works on magnetic actuation, sensing, and localization for capsule robotics and microrobotics. Finally, we present challenges and open problems in each of these areas.
Establishment of prophylactic enoxaparin dosing recommendations to achieve targeted anti-factor Xa concentrations in children with CHD.

BACKGROUND Enoxaparin may be used to prevent central venous catheter-related thrombosis in patients with CHD. We aimed to determine whether current enoxaparin dosing regimens effectively achieve anti-factor Xa concentrations within prophylactic goal ranges in this patient population. METHODS We implemented a formal protocol aimed at reducing central venous catheter-related thrombosis in children with CHD in January, 2016. Standard empiric prophylactic enoxaparin dosing regimens were used - for example, 0.75 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours for patients <2 months of age and 0.5 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours for patients ⩾2 months of age - with anti-factor Xa goal range of 0.25-0.49 IU/ml. Patients <2 years of age who received enoxaparin and had at least one valid steady-state anti-factor Xa measurement between 25 January, 2016 and 31 August, 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS During the study period, 47 patients had 186 anti-factor Xa concentrations measured, of which 20 (11%) were above and 112 (60%) were below the prophylactic goal range. Anti-factor Xa concentrations within the goal range were ultimately achieved in 31 patients. Median dose required to achieve anti-factor Xa concentrations within the prophylactic range was 0.89 mg/kg/dose (25, 75%: 0.75, 1.11) for patients <2 months (n=23 patients) and 0.79 mg/kg/dose (25, 75%: 0.62, 1.11) for patients ⩾2 months (n=8 patients). CONCLUSIONS Enoxaparin doses required to achieve prophylactic anti-factor Xa concentrations in young children with CHD were consistently higher than the currently recommended prophylactic dosing regimens. Further study is needed to determine whether dose titration to achieve prophylactic anti-factor Xa concentrations is effective in preventing central venous catheter-related thrombosis.
Unexpected SEC Resource Constraints and Comment Letter Quality

We investigate whether reviews of transactional filings by the SEC unexpectedly constrain SEC resources, leading to lower quality comment letters for periodic reports. The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act requires the SEC to review periodic reports (e.g., 10‐Ks) at least once every three years. However, the SEC also reviews transactional filings (e.g., initial public offerings and acquisitions), which are unpredictable and often occur in waves. We find comment letters for periodic reports are of lower quality (in terms of outputs, inputs, and firm responses) during periods of abnormally high transactional filings. We also find that comment letters issued during periods of abnormally high versus low transactional filings are associated with increased information asymmetry and lower earnings response coefficients in the quarter after the resolution of the comment letter. Overall, our results suggest that unexpected resource constraints affect the quality of SEC oversight of periodic reports. Restrictions inattendues des ressources de la SEC et qualite des lettres de commentaires Les auteurs se demandent si les examens des declarations relatives aux operations auxquels procede la SEC restreignent de facon inattendue les ressources de la SEC au point de reduire la qualite des lettres de commentaires sur les rapports periodiques. La Loi Sarbanes Oxley exige que la SEC examine les rapports periodiques (dont les formulaires 10‐K) au moins une fois tous les trois ans. La SEC examine cependant aussi les declarations relatives aux operations (PAPE et acquisitions par exemple), dont le depot est imprevisible et qui arrivent souvent par vagues. Les auteurs constatent que la qualite des lettres de commentaires relatives aux rapports periodiques diminue (en termes de resultats, d'intrants et de reactions des societes) durant les periodes ou la quantite de declarations relatives aux operations est anormalement elevee. Ils constatent egalement que les lettres de commentaires publiees au cours de periodes durant lesquelles la quantite de declarations relatives aux operations est anormalement elevee, contrairement a celles durant lesquelles cette quantite est faible, sont associees a une asymetrie accrue de l'information et a des coefficients plus faibles de reaction au resultat dans le trimestre suivant la resolution de ces lettres de commentaires. Dans l'ensemble, les resultats de l’etude laissent croire que des restrictions inattendues des ressources dont elle dispose influent sur la qualite de la surveillance exercee par la SEC sur les rapports periodiques.
Studying the utility preservation in social network anonymization via persistent homology

Abstract Following the trend of preserving privacy in online-social-network publishing, various anonymization mechanisms have been designed and applied. Differential privacy is an approach that guarantees the privacy level. Many existing mechanisms claim that they can also preserve the utility very well during anonymization. However, their utility analysis is always based on some specifically chosen metrics. While the existing metrics only partially present the graph utility, this paper aims to find a novel approach that describes the network in multiple scales. Persistent homology is a high-level metric, in that it reveals the parameterized topological features with various scales, and it is applicable for real-world applications. In this paper, four differential privacy mechanisms with different abstraction models are analyzed with traditional graph metrics and with persistent homology. The evaluation results demonstrate that all algorithms can partially or conditionally preserve certain graph utilities, but none of them are suitable for all metrics. Furthermore, none of the existing mechanisms fully preserves persistent homology, especially in high dimensions, which implies that the true graph utility is lost.
Evidence-Based Policymaking: Promise, Challenges and Opportunities for Accounting and Financial Markets Research

The use of evidence and economic analysis in policymaking is on the rise, and accounting standard setting and financial regulation are no exception. This article discusses the promise of evidence-b...
Holding on to Literacies: Older Adult Narratives of Literacy and Agency

Based on descriptive narratives of older, homebound adults, this article articulates how holding on to literacies is a vital part of staying engaged as an older adult. It traces a parallel between the idea of aging and literacy development. Employing the concept of heritage literacy—the decision-making processes individuals use regarding whether to adopt, adapt, or alienate various literacies and technologies over time—the article theorizes more extensively the heritage literacy practice of alienation. Alienation from literacies becomes a particularly important part of our understanding of literacy development in light of widespread experiences of aging, such as when physical health, mental health and acuity, social connection, spiritual health, or maintaining independence are challenged because of age. By examining how literacy is employed in agentive and nuanced ways in the lives of homebound adults, the article shows the impact that literacy has on aging and the impact that aging has on understandings of literacy throughout the life course.
Analysis of Dust Aerosol Retrievals Using Satellite Data in Central Asia

Several long-term monitoring of aerosol datasets from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board Terra/Aqua, Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) were used to derive the dust aerosol optical depth (DOD) in Central Asia based on the Angstrom exponent parameter and/or the particle shape. All sensors agree very well on the interannual variability of DOD. The seasonal analysis of DOD and dust occurrences identified the largest dust loading and the most frequent dust occurrence in the spring and summer, respectively. No significant trend was found during the research period in terms of both DOD and the dust occurrence. Further analysis of Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) aerosol products on a case-by-case basis in most dust months of 2007 suggested that the vertical structure is varying in terms of the extension and the dust loading from one event to another, although dust particles of most episodes have similar physical characteristics (particle shape and size). Our analysis on the vertical structure of dust plumes, the layer-integrated color ratio and depolarization ratio indicates a varied climate effect (e.g., the direct radiative impact) by mineral dust, dependent on the event being observed in Central Asia.
The effects of internal board networks: Evidence from closed-end funds

Abstract Recent literature emphasizes the importance of a director's external network of social connections. I use a sample of closed-end funds to show that internal, within-board connections are also significant determinants of shareholder value. I find that boards with shared education, employment, and family backgrounds exhibit lower market values, higher expense ratios, higher director compensation levels, and an increased likelihood of financial misrepresentation. Director turnover is lower within these boards, and new director appointments are more likely to share connections with incumbent directors. I conclude that internal board networks negatively impact a firm's governance environment and overall monitoring quality.
Cross-Layer Interference Modeling for 5G mmWave Networks in the Presence of Blockage

Fifth generation (5G) wireless technology is expected to utilize highly directive antennas at millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum to offer higher data rates. However, given the high directivity of antennas and adverse propagation characteristics at mmWave frequencies, these signals are very susceptible to obstacles. One of the important factors that are highly impacted is interference behavior. In fact, signals received from other terminals can be easily blocked or attenuated at the receiver. In addition, higher number of terminals can transmit signals without introducing much interference and hence the traffic behavior, maintained by medium access control (MAC) layer, may change. In this paper, we provide an interference model to evaluate the interference power received at the physical layer of the receiving terminal, considering antenna directivity, effect of obstacles and MAC layer constraints that control the number of terminals transmitting simultaneously. We first develop a blockage model and then derive the Laplace transform of the interference power received at a typical receiving node. Subsequently, using the derived Laplace transform, we evaluate the network error performance using average bit-error-rate (BER). Analytical results are validated via Monte- Carlo simulations.
The impact of genome-wide association studies on biomedical research publications

The past decade has seen major investment in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Among the many goals of GWAS, a major one is to identify and motivate research on novel genes involved in complex human disease. To assess whether this goal is being met, we quantified the effect of GWAS on the overall distribution of biomedical research publications and on the subsequent publication history of genes newly associated with complex disease. We found that the historical skew of publications toward genes involved in Mendelian disease has not changed since the advent of GWAS. Genes newly implicated by GWAS in complex disease do experience additional publications compared to control genes, and they are more likely to become exceptionally studied. But the magnitude of both effects has declined over the past decade. Our results suggest that reforms to encourage follow-up studies may be needed for GWAS to most successfully guide biomedical research toward the molecular mechanisms underlying complex human disease.
A Simple Model for Detection of Rare Sound Events

We propose a simple recurrent model for detecting rare sound events, when the time boundaries of events are available for training. Our model optimizes the combination of an utterance-level loss, which classifies whether an event occurs in an utterance, and a frame-level loss, which classifies whether each frame corresponds to the event when it does occur. The two losses make use of a shared vectorial representation the event, and are connected by an attention mechanism. We demonstrate our model on Task 2 of the DCASE 2017 challenge, and achieve competitive performance.
TEMPO: Detecting Pathway-Specific Temporal Dysregulation of Gene Expression in Disease

While many transcriptional profiling experiments measure dynamic processes that change over time, few include enough time points to adequately capture temporal changes in expression. This is especially true for data from human subjects, for which relevant samples may be hard to obtain, and for developmental processes where dynamics are critically important. Although most expression data sets sample at a single time point, it is possible to use accompanying temporal information to create a virtual time series by combining data from different individuals. We introduce TEMPO, a pathway-based outlier detection approach for finding pathways showing significant temporal changes in expression patterns from such combined data. We present findings from applications to existing microarray and RNA-seq data sets. TEMPO identifies temporal dysregulation of biologically relevant pathways in patients with autism spectrum disorders, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and COPD. Its findings are distinct from those of standard temporal or gene set analysis methodologies. Overall, our experiments demonstrate that there is enough signal to overcome the noise inherent in such virtual time series, and that a temporal pathway approach can identify new functional, temporal, or developmental processes associated with specific phenotypes. Availability: An R package implementing this method and full results tables are available at bcb.cs.tufts.edu/tempo/.
When does comparability better enhance relevance? Policy implications from empirical evidence

Abstract This study investigates the user-specific contexts under which comparability better enhances relevance of accounting information. We first confirm the intuition in the FASB’s (2010) current conceptual framework by documenting that the short-window earnings response coefficient (ERC) is positively associated with the pre-determined level of comparability. Using the cross-sectional variation in the positive relation between ERC and comparability, we show that the link between ERC and comparability is more pronounced for firms with higher investor sophistication and lower information asymmetry among investors. We further support our predictions using analysts’ earnings forecast revisions and various alternative measures of earnings informativeness. In sum, our paper shows that comparability improves information users’ ability to identify similarities and differences across different firms to a greater extent when investor base is more sophisticated and private information is less prevalent. These results suggest that standard setters, regulators, and practitioners should devote more attention to the role of comparability in firms whose investors are less sophisticated and information environment is more opaque.
Noise Contrastive Estimation and Negative Sampling for Conditional Models: Consistency and Statistical Efficiency

Noise Contrastive Estimation (NCE) is a powerful parameter estimation method for log-linear models, which avoids calculation of the partition function or its derivatives at each training step, a computationally demanding step in many cases. It is closely related to negative sampling methods, now widely used in NLP. This paper considers NCE-based estimation of conditional models. Conditional models are frequently encountered in practice; however there has not been a rigorous theoretical analysis of NCE in this setting, and we will argue there are subtle but important questions when generalizing NCE to the conditional case. In particular, we analyze two variants of NCE for conditional models: one based on a classification objective, the other based on a ranking objective. We show that the ranking-based variant of NCE gives consistent parameter estimates under weaker assumptions than the classification-based method; we analyze the statistical efficiency of the ranking-based and classification-based variants of NCE; finally we describe experiments on synthetic data and language modeling showing the effectiveness and tradeoffs of both methods.
Institutional Completeness and Crime Rates in Immigrant Neighborhoods

Objectives:A growing body of research finds that immigration has a null or negative association with neighborhood crime rates. We build on this important literature by investigating the extent to w...
Modeling Online Discourse with Coupled Distributed Topics.

In this paper, we propose a deep, globally normalized topic model that incorporates structural relationships connecting documents in socially generated corpora, such as online forums. Our model (1) captures discursive interactions along observed reply links in addition to traditional topic information, and (2) incorporates latent distributed representations arranged in a deep architecture, which enables a GPU-based mean-field inference procedure that scales efficiently to large data. We apply our model to a new social media dataset consisting of 13M comments mined from the popular internet forum Reddit, a domain that poses significant challenges to models that do not account for relationships connecting user comments. We evaluate against existing methods across multiple metrics including perplexity and metadata prediction, and qualitatively analyze the learned interaction patterns.
OTUB1 non-catalytically stabilizes the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2E1 by preventing its autoubiquitination

OTUB1 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that cleaves Lys-48–linked polyubiquitin chains and also regulates ubiquitin signaling through a unique, noncatalytic mechanism. OTUB1 binds to a subset of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and inhibits their activity by trapping the E2∼ubiquitin thioester and preventing ubiquitin transfer. The same set of E2s stimulate the deubiquitinating activity of OTUB1 when the E2 is not charged with ubiquitin. Previous studies have shown that, in cells, OTUB1 binds to E2-conjugating enzymes of the UBE2D (UBCH5) and UBE2E families, as well as to UBE2N (UBC13). Cellular roles have been identified for the interaction of OTUB1 with UBE2N and members of the UBE2D family, but not for interactions with UBE2E E2 enzymes. We report here a novel role for OTUB1–E2 interactions in modulating E2 protein ubiquitination. We observe that Otub1−/− knockout mice exhibit late-stage embryonic lethality. We find that OTUB1 depletion dramatically destabilizes the E2-conjugating enzyme UBE2E1 (UBCH6) in both mouse and human OTUB1 knockout cell lines. Of note, this effect is independent of the catalytic activity of OTUB1, but depends on its ability to bind to UBE2E1. We show that OTUB1 suppresses UBE2E1 autoubiquitination in vitro and in cells, thereby preventing UBE2E1 from being targeted to the proteasome for degradation. Taken together, we provide evidence that OTUB1 rescues UBE2E1 from degradation in vivo.
Hybrid Watch User Interfaces: Collaboration Between Electro-Mechanical Components and Analog Materials

We introduce programmable material and electro-mechanical control to enable a set of hybrid watch user interfaces that symbiotically leverage the joint strengths of electro-mechanical hands and a dynamic watch dial. This approach enables computation and connectivity with existing materials to preserve the inherent physical qualities and abilities of traditional analog watches. We augment the watch's mechanical hands with micro-stepper motors for control, positioning and mechanical expressivity. We extend the traditional watch dial with programmable pigments for non-emissive dynamic patterns. Together, these components enable a unique set of interaction techniques and user interfaces beyond their individual capabilities.
Unleashing Technology Solutions for a New Era of Connected Intelligence

Chip demand is no longer only being driven by the needs of computer and smartphone manufacturers. Now, a growing number of new and varied applications within many different industries is both creating demand and pushing chip technology in new directions. The major drivers of semiconductor demand will come from technology innovations that enable a high degree of sensing, processing and communications capability for autonomous vehicles (AV), artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) and 5G and wireless networking.
Supplemental infrastructure: how community networks and immigrant identity influence cycling

While factors such as urban form, infrastructure, and attitudes shape cycling behavior, the experience of cycling can vary drastically across socioeconomic and identity groups. For foreign-born residents of the United States, additional factors associated with income and cultural context may influence cycling. In this study, I ask how factors associated with being an immigrant, such as economic status, cultural habits, residential location, and social environments, motivate or deter cycling. Results are based on 23 in-depth interviews with low-income Latino immigrants in the San Francisco Bay Area. Interviews reveal that close-knit social networks buoyed by support from immigrant-serving organizations encourage cycling, providing social infrastructure where other types of infrastructure may be absent. However, neighborhood safety is a significant deterrent that men and women respond to in different ways. Other effects, such as gentrification, immigrant experiences, and cultural narratives, shape individuals’ perceptions of belonging as a cyclist in their neighborhood. Findings suggest that planners should collaborate with immigrant-serving community organizations and be more centrally involved in addressing neighborhood conditions and their effects on travel.