cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Host selection and egg allocation behaviour by Aphytis melinus and A.lingnanensis: comparison of two facultatively gregarious parasitoids

. 1. The ovipositional and egg allocation behaviour of individual females of Aphytis melinus DeBach and A.lingnunensis Compere were compared. 2. Both Aphytis species exhibit the same behavioural sequence during oviposition. 3. Aphytis melinus laid most of its female eggs on the dorsum of a scale-insect beneath its cover, and most of its male eggs under the scale-insect's body. Aphytis lingnanensis also oviposited both dorsally and ventrally on scale-insect hosts, but female and male progeny arose with equal frequency from eggs laid in both locations. 4. Both A.melinus and A. lingnanensis are facultatively gregarious parasitoids. The degree of gregariousness depends on host size, i.e. the larger the host, the more the Iikelihood that several eggs will be deposited at each visit by the parasitoid. 5. When two eggs were laid during the same host visit, both A.melinus and A.lingnanensis laid one female and one male egg more often than would be expected under an assumption of random allocation of sexes. 6. Because A.melinus successfulIy utilize smaller hosts than A.lingnanensis to produce progeny, these parasitoids should not be considered ecological homo-logues, as suggested by DeBach & Sundby (1963).
Thunderstorm Initiation, Organization, and Lifetime Associated with Florida Boundary Layer Convergence Lines

Abstract The initiation, organization, and longevity of thunderstorms associated with boundary layer convergence lines in the Cape Canaveral, Florida, vicinity are examined using data from the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) experiment. The project was conducted during July and August 1991 under low vertical wind shear situations. This observational study is based on Doppler radar, mesonet, balloon sounding, and satellite data. The primary convergence lines studied were the east coast sea-breeze front (ECSBF) and a frequently occurring gust front from the west termed the west coast front (WCF) that originates with storms initiated by the west coast sea-breeze front. Significantly fewer storms were associated with the ECSBF in comparison to the WCF. This was because the convergence with the ECSBF was shallower and weaker and the updrafts were shallow and tilted. The environmental winds were generally westerly near the top of the ECSBF and at storm steering level. As a result, the low-le...
Two kinds of definites in numeral classifier languages

Numeral classifier languages distinguish definite noun phrases licensed by uniqueness from those licensed by familiarity. Unique definites are expressed by bare nouns or null pronouns, while familiar definites are expressed by indexicals such as demonstrative descriptions or overt pronouns. This generalization parallels the observation by Schwarz (2009) that German distinguishes unique versus familiar or anaphoric definiteness in its article system. The difference between the two kinds of definites can be reduced to the presence of a semantic index in the case of familiar definites. As familiar definites occur in most E-type contexts, including donkey anaphora, and uniqueness definites are not possible in these contexts, these facts provide support to dynamic analyses of E-type anaphora and pose problems for uniqueness-based approaches, such as the theory of Elbourne (2013).
Isotopic studies of epigenetic features in metalliferous sediment, Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea

The unique depositional environment of the Atlantis II Deep brine pool, in the Red Sea, produces a stratiform metalliferous deposit of much greater areal extent than deposits formed by buoyant-plume systems typical of the midocean ridges because of much more efficient metal entrapment. Isotopic analyses of strontium, sulfur, carbon, and oxygen from the metalliferous sediments indicate thar three major sources contribute dissolved components to the hydrothermal system: seawater, Miocene evaporites, and rift-zone basalt. Incoming hydrothermal fluid with a temperature >250'C brings sulfide with A3aS - 5/66 and dissolved metals into the brine pool. Mixing of the hydrothermal fluid with cooler sulfate-bearing brine causes precipitation of sulfides and sulfates that are not in chemical or isotopic equilibrium. The 63aS and dt8O values of sulfate minerals range from those of epigenetic veins, with values typical of the present-day lower brine mass, to those of brine-pool precipitates, with values similar to Miocene evaporites recovered from DSDP 227.'fhe values of 6180 from dissolved sulfate in the brine and sulfate minerals in epigenetic veins reflect the high-temperature origin of the hydrothermal fluid. The range of isotopic values suggests mixing of isotopically distinct fluids. Carbonate in the metalliferous sediment has two sources: biogenic carbonate precipitated in normal Red Sea water at 19"C, and hydrothermal carbonate precipitated in the lower brine ar temperatures of 47 to82C. Smectite in metalliferous sedi, ments precipitated within the brine pool at temperatures of 57 to 110'C (the present-day brine temperature is 62.3"C). Smectite in epigenetic veins precipitated from incoming hydrothermal fluid over a temperature range of 145 to 27OoC. An areally restricted magnetite-hematitepyroxene assemblage formed at high temperatures, possibly in response to hydrothermal convection initiated by intrusion of basalt into the metalliferous sediment. A correlation between smectite Fe,/(Fe+Mg) ratios and oxygen isotope temperatures suggests that smectite is a potentially important chemical geothermometer, and confirms geochemical calculations indicating that Mg-rich smectite is more stable than Fe-rich smectite at elevated temDeratures.
cGMP-dependent protein kinase regulation of a chloride channel in T84 cells

Chloride channels at the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells are involved in the excessive fluid secretion in diarrhea and diminished secretion in cystic fibrosis (CF). Diarrhea induced by heat-stable toxin from Escherichia coli is associated with elevated guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in intestinal epithelial cells, but it is unknown whether chloride secretion is regulated by cGMP directly or via cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Single-channel recordings (inside-out excised patches) from the apical membrane of T84 cells reveal a 10-pS chloride channel with a linear current-voltage relationship, which is opened when an endogenous membrane-bound PKG is activated with ATP (1 mM) and cGMP (100 microM). Soluble PKG (200 nM) isolated from bovine lung, added to the intracellular face of patches, also opens this channel. No activation occurs with Ringer solution alone or only ATP or cGMP. Addition of nonhydrolyzable forms of ATP (AMP-PNP, 1 mM) or a combination of ATP, cGMP, plus H-8 (5 microM), an inhibitor of PKG, also does not stimulate the channel. The catalytic subunit of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic mono-phosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA, 200 nM, with 1 mM ATP) activates a channel with similar characteristics. The 10 pS channel has a PNa/PCl ratio of 0.06, an anion selectivity of Br- (1.2) greater than Cl- (1.0) greater than I- (0.8) greater than F- (0.4), and a low affinity for the chloride channel blockers, 4,4-dinitrostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bio-Inspired Electromagnetic Orientation for UAVs in a GPS-Denied Environment Using MIMO Channel Sounding

When external positioning systems are not available, other navigation methods must be used to guide unmanned air vehicles. We propose a bioinspired technique related to MIMO channel sounding for discriminating aircraft position and bearing. By analogy with the acoustic orientation used by certain bird species to return to a specific location in a dark cave, we refer to the proposed method as electromagnetic orientation (EO). A scattering model is used to generate simulated MIMO channel matrices for randomly generated propagation environments. Several variants of a basic propagation channel sounding-based method for EO discrimination are considered, including orientation with a single-frequency propagation channel matrix, channel covariance matrix, and broadband channel sounding data. At X band, the difference between a measured channel matrix and a stored, a reference channel matrix can be used to discriminate position to centimeter scale accuracy. Using the higher order correlation statistics of the channel matrix, the range scale can be increased to on the order of a meter. The method was used experimentally to localize the position of a UAV with channel probing data collected with a frequency modulated, continuous wave (FMCW) radar.
Plasmonic Nanoparticles Manipulating Solar Systems: A Dipole Mode-Complex Image Analysis

This paper presents an efficient technique for modeling large array of plasmonic particles deposited on layered substrate, offering energy-efficient solar-systems. Dipole Mode (DM) theory along with Complex Image (CI) technique will characterize the performance successfully.
Optimal Shape Design for Open Rotor Blades

A continuous adjoint formulation for optimal shape design of rotating surfaces, including open rotor blades, is developed, analyzed, and applied. The compressible Euler equations are expressed in a rotating reference frame, and from these governing flow equations, an adjoint formulation centered around finding surface sensitivities using di↵erential geometry is derived. The surface formulation provides the gradient information necessary for performing gradient-based aerodynamic shape optimization. A two-dimensional test case consisting of a rotating airfoil is used to verify the accuracy of the gradient information obtained via the adjoint method against finite di↵erencing, and a gradient accuracy study is also performed. The shape of the airfoil is then optimized for drag minimization in the presence of transonic shocks. In three-dimensions, the formulation is verified against finite di↵erencing for a classic, two-bladed rotor, which is then redesigned for minimum inviscid torque using a Free-Form Deformation approach to geometry parameterization. Optimal shape design for open rotor blades is presented as a final application of the new continuous adjoint formulation.
Fundamentalism and Sexism: A Reanalysis of Peek and Brown*

Peek and Brown's "Sex Prejudice Among White Protestants . . " is a wel- come addition to the literature since it investigates the important and timely issue of fundamentalism and sex prejudice. Yet their findings are perplex- ing. They conclude that fundamentalism is unrelated to sexism and that this pattern diverges from the positive relationship usually observed be- tween fundamentalism and racism. Such findings contradict the expecta- tions of scholars and laymen alike. This brief comment illustrates how Peek and Brown may have mistakenly concluded that sex prejudice is unrelated to fundamentalist background. First, Peek and Brown do not actually test the relationships between fundamentalism and sexism compared to fundamentalism and racism. Al- though they assert a clear divergence, their study addresses only sexism and not racism. Their claim of a disparity rests on data from other studies (Gorsuch and Aleshire). What seems curious is that they did not directly make this comparison themselves straight from the NORC data set. Peek and Brown need not depend on evidence compiled by others when ques- tions about racism are readily accessible. For example, the question asking whether a respondent would vote for a woman in a presidential race (one of only two questions used to comprise the dependent variable) is also asked in regard to a black candidate. Table 1 provides regression coefficients yielded when predicting po- litical racism (operationalized as responses to the question, "If your party nominated a Black for president, would you vote for him if he were quali- fied for the job?"). For comparison, the table shows the regression results obtained when using the female candidate-for-president item.I Observe that fundamentalism as defined by Peek and Brown significantly predicts neither racism nor sexism. Our finding contradicts Peek and Brown's claim that fundamentalism is related to racism and not to sexism. Equally important these results are incompatible with the bulk of studies that indi-
Comparison of sensory texture attributes of broiler breast fillets with different degrees of white striping

The white striping (WS) condition in broiler meat results in increased intramuscular fat, connective tissue, and moisture loss during cooking and negatively affects product appearance and consumer acceptance of skinless chicken meat. The effect of WS on the human perception of cooked meat texture is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of WS on sensory texture attributes of cooked chicken breast fillets (Pectoralis major). Over three separate trial days, a total of 105 breast butterfly fillets were collected from the deboning line of a commercial broiler processing plant. Fillets were classified according to the degree of WS (normal, moderate, severe) and stored at -20°C until use. Fourteen representative fillets from each category were cooked directly from the frozen state to an endpoint temperature of 78°C and evaluated by a 7-member trained panel for five texture attributes: cohesiveness, hardness, juiciness, rate of breakdown, and chewiness. There were no differences (P > 0.05) for juiciness or the rate of breakdown between the fillets based on the degree of WS. Among the three WS groups, however, differences (P 0.05) between the normal and moderate WS fillets. These data suggest that the severe WS condition was perceived to be harder, more cohesive, and chewier than either normal or moderate WS fillets by panelists.
Changes of neurotrophin-3 expression in normal and pigemental degeneration retina

Objective To study the changes of neurotrophin-3(NT-3) in retina from rd mouse with retinal degeneration and from normal C57BL mouse for comparison at postnatal 0～4 week respectively, and to investigate the early characters of development and growth of retina,the expressing rule and the role of NT-3 in the development and degeneration of retina.Methods About 8 to 10 mouse from rd group and C57BL group at postnatal 0～4 week were used respectively. After death,mouse eyeballs were extracted immediately, slices with 4 μm thickness were made from retina,NT-3 contents in retina from different kinds of mouse and at different times were analyzed by immunohistochemistry,photomicroscope and semi-quantitative analysis.Results At postnatal 2 week, ten-layer structures of retina from both rd and C57BL mice could be seen,which in rd mice were not the same as those in C57BL mice.At postnatal 3 week,inner and outer nuclear layers(INL and ONL) of retina were degenerated to only one layer in rd mouse,while the two layers of retina in C57BL mice could be seen clearly.In retina of C57BL mice,NT-3 expression could be found within INL,ONL,inner plexiform layer (IPL) and ganglion cell layer(GCL),while it could only be found within IPL and GCL in retina of rd mice.Within postnatal 0,1 week,content of NT-3 in retina from rd mice were lower than those from C57BL mice(P0.05).The curve of NT-3 contents in retina from rd mice(GCL) were dropped at postnatal 0 week but rose in C57BL mice.Conclusion As far as growth and development is concerned,ten-layer structures of retina in normal mouse can reach an important stage at postnatal 2 week and typical ten-layer structures of retina can be observed at postnatal 3 week;while ten-layer structures of retina in rd mouse can also reach an important stage at postnatal 2 week but its INL and ONL degenerate rapidly at postnatal 3 week.As far as distribution is concerned,NT-3 can be found within ONL,INL,IPL and GCL in retina of normal mouse;while as it can only be found in IPL and GCL of rd mouse.As far as expression is concerned,higher NT-3 expression can be found in retina of normal mouse at postnatal 1,4 week;while higher NT-3 expression can only be found at postnatal 4 week in retina of rd mouse.
Loschmidt, Stefan, and Stigler’s Law of Eponymy

Josef Loschmidt (1821–1895) and Josef Stefan (1835–1893) were eminent scientists in the Institute of Physics at the University of Vienna during the second half of the nineteenth century but are not well known today, as their legacies have been recognized differently by the scientific community. Loschmidt first described the structure of the benzene molecule and determined the size of air molecules, from which the number of molecules per unit volume can easily be determined, yet others received the credit for these achievements. Stefan posited the fourth-power temperature radiation law, but neither he nor his student Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) calculated the proportionality constant now known as the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. These are instances of Stigler’s Law of Eponymy. Besides these achievements, perhaps the greatest unheralded contribution of both Loschmidt and Stefan was the experimental evidence they provided in support of the emerging kinetic theory of gases.
Analysis on Using Third-Party Logistics in Furniture Industry

The paper presents that in future third-party logistics will be used in furniture industry,and puts forward some suggestions to the third-party logistics of furniture industry development.
Purified ACE attenuates smokeless tobacco-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the oral mucosa

Gao, Xiao-pei, Hideyuki Suzuki, Christopher O. Olopade, Sergei Pakhlevaniants, and Israel Rubinstein. Purified ACE attenuates smokeless tobacco-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the or...
Hyperthermia during exercise - a double-edged sword.

AbstractPrevious studies have reported that various types of exercise cause a significant increase in blood viscosity. However, they did not account for the potential effect that exercise-induced hyperthermia might have on mitigating the change in blood viscosity. Our results suggest that hemoconcentration and hyperthermia counterbalance each other so there is no overall change in blood viscosity during prolonged exercise in the heat.
Multi-Attribute Loss Aversion and Reference Dependence: Evidence from the Performing Arts Industry

We study the prevalence of multi-attribute loss aversion and reference effects in a revenue management setting based on data of individual level purchases over a series of concert performances. The reference dependence that drives consumer choice is not only based on the price but also on observed sales (as a fraction of the seating capacity) during their past visits. We find that consumers suffer from loss aversion on both prices and seats sold: consumers incur significant utility loss when prices are above their references or when the actual seat sales are lower than their references. We suggest pricing policies that can address consumer decisions driven by such reference dependence and loss aversion.
External and Middle Ear

Sound surrounds us at all times, and normal function and physiology of the ear are integral in transducing those signals from our environment to the inner ear and further for central processing. Sound waves are converted from an air medium to a fluid medium within the membranous labyrinth. There are particular challenges in infants and children that may impair this process, and they are given particular consideration in evaluation and management because of their unique developmental needs and requirements.
Standards for Interoperability

Semantic interoperability between clinical information systems is a major goal of current pediatric IT implementations and ongoing research. For both clinical care and research collaboration, successful exchange of meaningful clinical data depends on flexible, standard formats for the construction of messages, and widely accepted terminologies to capture the clinical concepts. In 2016, most messages take the form of delimited character strings that adhere to the Health Level 7 (HL7) version 2.X standard. We review the state of the art of version 2 HL7 messaging types and describe a well known example of this kind of messaging in the CDC Implementation Guide for Immunization Messaging. Version 3 of HL7, built on XML, has the potential for richer semantics but is not yet widely used. We use the Continuity of Care Document as a pediatric example of the use of this standard in real systems. Terminology systems, both open and proprietary, are used to encode clinical and administrative concepts in pediatrics. We will review terminology systems in current use and their pediatric-specific limitations, and mention some current efforts to create a platform for applications that interact with EHRs 18 (SMART) with the messaging standard that supports it (FHIR).
Per-oral video cholangiopancreatoscopy with narrow-band imaging for the evaluation of indeterminate pancreaticobiliary disease.

Background and Aims Cholangiopancreatoscopy for evaluating pancreaticobiliary pathology is currently limited by suboptimal optics. The aim of this study was to characterize the operating characteristics of per-oral video cholangiopancreatoscopy with narrow-band imaging (POVCP) findings in indeterminate pancreaticobiliary disease and to describe their association with neoplasia. Methods Data from consecutive patients undergoing POVCP for the evaluation of indeterminate pancreaticobiliary disease at a single tertiary care center were analyzed. Two experienced investigators had previously agreed on POVCP findings and terminology that were documented in endoscopy reports. Endoscopic procedural data from POVCPs performed between January 2006 and April 2015 and clinical data were abstracted from the endoscopic database and electronic medical records. Study endpoints included tissue-proven neoplasia or benign disease with ≥1 year of follow-up. Results A total of 109 patients were identified; 13 were excluded because of the presence of stone disease, known pancreaticobiliary malignancy, or presumed benign disease with ≤1 year of follow-up. Most patients (85%) underwent POVCP for biliary disease and 15% underwent POVCP for a pancreatic cause. Tortuous and dilated vessels ( P P P = .003), and the presence of fish-egg lesions ( P = .04) were found to be significantly associated with neoplasia. The overall POVCP impression had a high sensitivity (85%) and negative predictive value (89%) in assessing for the presence of neoplasia. Conclusions Per-oral video cholangiopancreatoscopy is effective in the evaluation of indeterminate pancreaticobiliary disease. Tortuous and dilated vessels, infiltrative stricture, polypoid mass, and the presence of fish-egg lesions are significantly associated with neoplasia.
Propagating Annular Modes: Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Principal Oscillation Patterns, and Time Scales

AbstractThe two leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of zonal-mean zonal wind describe north–south fluctuations, and intensification and narrowing, respectively, of the midlatitude jet. Under certain circumstances, these two leading EOFs cannot be regarded as independent but are in fact manifestations of a single, coupled, underlying mode of the dynamical system describing the evolution in time of zonal wind anomalies. The true modes are revealed by the principal oscillation patterns (POPs). The leading mode and its associated eigenvalue are complex, its structure involves at least two EOFs, and it describes poleward (or equatorward) propagation of zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies. In this propagating regime, the principal component (PC) time series associated with the two leading EOFs decay nonexponentially, and the response of the system to external forcing in a given EOF does not depend solely on the PC decorrelation time nor on the projection of the forcing onto that EOF. These considerations ...
Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Opportunity for Behavior Analysts

There is a relatively high prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents. Obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing health conditions, which impacts their quality of life. Given that environment plays a key role in obesity, behavior analytic interventions may be particularly useful for obesity-related behaviors such as changing eating habits, increasing physical activity, and developing comprehensive, behaviorally based interventions. This chapter provides a brief summary of behavioral interventions for obesity with an emphasis on how behavior analysis can impact this area of research.
Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study

The purpose was to examine cardiovascular responses to supplementation with p-synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine during quiet sitting. Sixteen subjects were given (in double-blind manner) either 103 mg of p-synephrine (S), 233 mg of caffeine +104 mg of p-synephrine (LC + S), 240 mg of caffeine (LC), 337 mg of caffeine +46 mg of p-synephrine (HC + S), 325 mg of caffeine (HC), or a placebo. The subjects sat quietly for 3 hr while heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured. Only HC + S and HC significantly increased mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) during the second hour and tended to increase mean SBP during the third hour. Mean diastolic blood pressure in S was significantly lower than the other trials during the first and second hours, and mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in S compared to the LC, LC + S, HC, and HC + S trials. No differences were observed in HR. Consumption of p-synephrine may acutely reduce diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure and not affect SBP or HR during quiet sitting. The addition of p-synephrine to caffeine did not augment SBP or HR indicating that consumption of up to 104 mg of p-synephrine does not induce cardiovascular stress during quiet sitting.
Volume Completion Between Contour Fragments at Discrete Depths

Building on the modal and amodal completion work of Kanizsa, Carman and Welch showed that binocular stereo viewing of two disparate images can give rise to a percept of 3D curved, nonclosed illusory contours and surfaces. Here, it is shown that binocular presentation can also give rise to the percept of closed curved surfaces or volumes that appear to vary smoothly across discrete depths in binocularly fused images, although in fact only two binocular disparities are discretely defined between corresponding contour elements of the inducing elements. Surfaces are filled in from one depth layer’s visible contours to another layer’s visible contours within virtual contours that are interpolated on the basis of good contour continuation between the visible portions of contour. These single depth contour segments are taken not to arise from surface edges, as in Kanizsa’s or Carman and Welch’s examples, but from segments of “rim” where the line of sight just grazes a surface that continues behind and beyond the...
Improved selective harmonic compensation for single-phase inverters

Described in this paper is the design and implementation of state space current control with harmonic compensation for a single-phase grid-connected inverter using the pole placement method. The control performance of a grid connected inverter is often affected by the grid impedance in the distribution system to which it is connected. Because it offers full controllability, state space control was employed to address grid impedance effects. As a result, system stability and robustness to grid impedance uncertainties, as well as damping to reduce the LC filter resonance can be improved. In order to track the inverter current reference without steady state error, a PR controller was augmented with state space control. Due to the grid voltage distortion, a harmonic compensator was added to suppress the low order current harmonics. Analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Hydrogen Diffusion and Trapping in BCC and FCC Metals

The behavior of hydrogen in metals is a subject of intense current interest (1,2,3) both for scientific as well as technological reasons. Recently, a number of practical applications like hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides or hydrogen as a working fluid in refrigeration devices have been considered. In particular, the properties of tritium in the construction materials as well as in the lithium blanket of future fusion reactors are investigated currently. This lecture restricts itself to the fundamental aspects of the metalhydrogen systems. Here the large number of anomalous properties are the reason for continuous scientific effort. For instance, the time scale of hydrogen motion is extremely short. The characteristic frequencies of the localized modes of hydrogen in Ta, Nb, or V are in the order of 10−14 sec (energies between 0.1…0.2 eV); the jump frequencies for H-diffusion at elevated temperatures in those systems are between 10+12 to 10+13 sec−1. They are comparable with the correlation times for diffusion in liquids and more than ten orders of magnitude larger than e.g. the jump times for nitrogen in Nb. Out of the large number of experimental data this paper will survey only some recent results on representative fcc and bcc metals for dilute H solutions.
Chimera: a high-speed three-color photometer for space surveillance and astronomy

High-speed optical photometry is characterizing man made satellites and space debris in Earth orbit. Commercially available Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) imagers and cameras are driving a renaissance in this field, with several new instruments under development. The Steward Observatory Chimera Photometer provides simultaneous three-color photometry in the Sloan r’, i’, and z’ bands over a wide field of view. The design is optimized for the Steward Observatory Kuiper 1.58 m Telescope, although other telescopes can be supported with the exchange of the wide-field collimator. In this paper, the design and first light performance of the instrument is presented.
The Ethical Dilemma of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Football: A Four Paradigm Examination

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has emerged in the public consciousness as a major public health challenge for athletics in all levels of competition. Football receives the greatest level of...
Cortical and Subcortical Contributions to Context-Control Learning

"Cognitive control" describes our ability to strategically bias information processing in line with internal goals. Traditionally, research has focused on delineating the sources of top-down biasing, implicating the lateral prefrontal cortex. The past two decades, however, have seen increasing interest in the regulation of control, that is, how learning processes guide the context-sensitive application of top-down biasing. Here, we review and synthesize recent research into the cognitive and neural mechanisms of this type of "context-control learning". We first discuss a fast-growing cognitive psychology literature documenting how specific cognitive control states can become associated with, and subsequently triggered by, contextual cues. We then review neuroimaging studies that speak to the neural substrates of contextual adjustments in control, with a particular focus on recent work that explicitly modeled context-control learning processes. We conclude that these studies suggest an important subcortical extension of the traditional frontal control network, as they indicate a key role for the caudate nucleus in forming associations between contextual cues and appropriate control settings.
ANOMALOUS CORONARY ARTERY SYSTEM ARISING FROM RIGHT CORONARY CUSP

Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary arteries (AAOCA) occurs in 1% of the population and can be associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. A 46 year old male presented with chest pain and near syncope with exercise. Exercise treadmill revealed 3 mm horizontal ST segment depressions
Non-invasive imaging of oxygen concentration in a complex in vitro biofilm infection model using 19 F MRI: Persistence of an oxygen sink despite prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Purpose Oxygen availability is a critical determinant of microbial biofilm activity and antibiotic susceptibility. However, measuring oxygen gradients in these systems remains difficult, with the standard microelectrode approach being both invasive and limited to single-point measurement. The goal of the study was to develop a 19 F MRI approach for 2D oxygen mapping in biofilm systems and to visualize oxygen consumption behavior in real time during antibiotic therapy. Methods Oxygen-sensing beads were created by encapsulating an emulsion of oxygen-sensing fluorocarbon into alginate gel. Escherichia coli biofilms were grown in and on the alginate matrix, which was contained inside a packed bed column subjected to nutrient flow, mimicking the complex porous structure of human wound tissue, and subjected to antibiotic challenge. Results The linear relationship between 19 F spin-lattice relaxation rate R1 and local oxygen concentration permitted noninvasive spatial mapping of oxygen distribution in real time over the course of biofilm growth and subsequent antibiotic challenge. This technique was used to visualize persistence of microbial oxygen respiration during continuous gentamicin administration, providing a time series of complete spatial maps detailing the continued bacterial utilization of oxygen during prolonged chemotherapy in an in vitro biofilm model with complex spatial structure. Conclusions Antibiotic exposure temporarily causes oxygen consumption to enter a pseudosteady state wherein oxygen distribution becomes fixed; oxygen sink expansion resumes quickly after antibiotic clearance. This technique may provide valuable information for future investigations of biofilms by permitting the study of complex geometries (typical of in vivo biofilms) and facilitating noninvasive oxygen measurement.
Profiling of presynaptic mRNAs reveals a role for axonal PUMILIOs in associative memory formation

Abstract Presynaptic protein synthesis is important in the adult central nervous system; however, the set of mRNAs localized to presynaptic areas has yet to be identified in any organism. We differentially labeled somatic and synaptic compartments nervous system-wide in adult C. elegans and isolated synaptic regions for deep sequencing. Analysis of the synaptic transcriptome reveals that synaptic transcripts are predicted to have specialized functions in neurons. Differential expression analysis identified 543 genes enriched in synaptic regions relative to somatic regions, with synaptic functions conserved in higher organisms. We find that mRNAs for pumilio RNA-binding proteins are abundant in synaptic regions, which we confirmed through high-sensitivity in situ hybridization. We identified a new role for the PUM2 orthologs puf-7/8 as repressors of memory formation through regulation of the mitochondrial dynamics regulator, mff-1. Identification of presynaptic mRNAs provides insight into mechanisms that regulate synaptic function and behavior.
How Close Are the Volar Wrist Ligaments to the Distal Edge of the Pronator Quadratus? An Anatomical Study:

Background: This cadaveric study defines the interval distance between the proximal insertion of the volar wrist ligaments and the distal edge of the pronator quadratus on the distal radius. It is ...
Residency and Fellowship Program Accreditation: Effects of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Short Summary The United States is now in the grip of pandemic. Surgical services have been severely disrupted and will be for at least several months. The pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to surgical residency and fellowship programs. In turn, there are unprecedented challenges to the process of accrediting those programs. This article delineates some of those challenges and the responses to them which are known, to date.
Filmar en desacuerdo: disenso, ruina, afecto y recuerdo en el documental Todo comenzó por el fin de Luis Ospina

Going against the grain of the “post-conflict” cinema and documentary sponsored by administrative institutions and mainstream media since the start of the peace process between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrilla, Todo comenzo por el fin (2015), the last of Luis Ospina’s works, emerges as an outstanding example of the so-called “dissent documentary." In this film, Ospina refrains from granting actors and products of violence the main roles that are customary for them in Colombian storytelling, focusing rather on the documentary affect generated by the stories of individual and group bodies when faced with illness and death. With this ethic and esthetic decision of breaking from the public debates that emerge from the peace negotiations, Ospina’s documentary opens alternative reflective spaces to approach the complex realities of this historical period.
Rational Modulation of pH-Triggered Macromolecular Poration by Peptide Acylation and Dimerization.

The synthetically evolved pH-dependent delivery (pHD) peptides are a unique family of peptides that bind to membranes, fold into α-helices, and form macromolecule-sized pores at low concentration in response to acidic pH < 6. They have potential applications in drug delivery and tumor targeting but their activity and membrane selectivity must be optimized. Here, we develop a better understanding of how pHD peptide activity in membranes can be modulated by increasing hydrophobicity and membrane binding without changing amino acid sequence. We increased hydrophobicity of a representative pHD peptide, pHD108 (GIGEVLHELAEGLPELQEWIHAAQQLGC-amide) by coupling acyl groups of 6-16 carbons to the N- or C-termini and also by forming peptide dimers linked through a C-terminal cysteine residue. Unlike unmodified peptide, almost all variants formed oligomers in buffer and folded into α-helices both at pH 5 and at pH 7. Despite this, all variants partitioned strongly into fluid phase PC vesicles at pH 5 and at pH 7. Most variants enabled potent macromolecular poration, showing that the unique structure of the large pHD peptide pore can form when peptide termini are tethered to the bilayer with acyl chains, or when the peptide is dimerized at the C-terminus. Activity of acylated variants did not retain pH sensitivity; they were highly active at both pH 7 and pH 5 because they are membrane bound at both pH values, while the unmodified peptide is not active at pH 7 because it is not bound. The pHD peptide dimer retained some pH sensitivity. At pH 5 the dimer is the most active peptide studied in this work, with macromolecular poration occurring at a peptide to lipid ratio of 1:2000. These results confirm that membrane binding - rather than pH - is the predominant factor in activity, while also showing that acylation on either termini or dimerization are viable methods to modulate pHD108 activity. Finally, we add experimental constraints to possible pore architecture by showing little, if any, dependence of macromolecular poration on either pH or salt concentration, suggesting a lack of strong lateral electrostatic interactions between peptides in the pore. We therefore propose a toroidal pore structure, with peptides spanning the membrane in a parallel or mixed parallel and antiparallel orientation.
Energy-Efficient Image Recognition System for Marine Life

This article focuses on designing an energy-efficient image recognition system for marine monitoring. One of the main challenges of an underwater imaging system is the strict power consumption constraints due to the limited on-site resources. Considering the need for continuous operation in different water turbidity levels and background illumination conditions, an energy-efficient approach is needed for the effective utilization of the resources. In this work, we propose a recognition framework that will adaptively adjust the system parameters, such as camera frame rate and LED illumination level, based on the environmental conditions to optimize the energy consumption while ensuring a high recognition accuracy. The first part of the proposed decision system contains the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based animal recognition block which is used for obtaining the confidence level for a single frame. The second part is the adaptive decision block that dynamically changes the system parameters and combines the results of the recognition block for multiple frames based on the environmental conditions. In our experiments, we have used nearly 8000 underwater images for training and testing the single frame recognition block and used nearly 200 different video sequences for training and testing the adaptive decision block. Based on measurements of a hardware framework composed of a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, a Pi NoIR Camera v2.1, and 850 nm LEDs, the proposed system achieves up to 92.7% energy savings with a comparable recognition performance by dynamically changing the frame rate and emitted light intensity based on water turbidity and background illumination level.
Initial Session Effects of Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Secondary Analysis of A Small Randomized Pilot Trial.

Objective/Background: While cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is typically delivered over six-eight sessions, the field has introduced ever briefer versions. We examined session by ...
Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal Bands in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. We compared the diagnostic performance of isoelectric focusing (IEF) combined with IgG immunoblotting to high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis for the detection of intrathecal synthesis of IgG due to the MS disease process. In 20 patients with definite MS, IEF and high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis had sensitivities of 90% and 60%, respectively. In the 51 patients with no evidence of MS, the methods had specificities of 94% and 96%, respectively. With a prevalence of 15% in this test population, IEF and high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis had positive predictive values of 73% and 73% and negative predictive values of 98% and 93%, respectively. The IEF method improves the sensitivity and the negative predictive value of the oligoclonal-banding assay, the IEF gels are easier to interpret, and the IEF assay requires a smaller cerebrospinal fluid volume.
Cell surface hydrophobicity determines aggregate assembly type in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bacteria live in spatially organized aggregates during chronic infections, where they adapt to the host environment and evade immune responses and resist therapeutic interventions. Although it is known that environmental factors such as polymers influence bacterial aggregation, it is not clear how bacterial adaptation during chronic infection impacts the formation and spatial organization of aggregates. Here we show that in an in vitro model of cystic fibrosis (CF) containing the polymers eDNA and mucin, O-antigen is the major factor in determining the formation of two distinct aggregate assembly types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to alterations in cell surface hydrophobicity. Our findings highlight that during chronic infection, the interplay between cell surface properties and polymers in the environment determines the formation and structure of bacterial aggregates, and sheds new light on the fitness costs and benefits of O-antigen production in environments such as CF lungs.
Nutrient adequacy, dietary patterns and diet quality among children with and without intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) frequently have feeding problems, but there has been limited research on nutrient intake, dietary patterns and diet quality in this population. METHOD Nutrient intakes, dietary patterns and the Healthy Eating Index were compared between 48 children with ID and 55 typically developing (TD) children aged 3-8 years who participated in the Children's Mealtime Study. Three-day food records that included two weekdays and one weekend day were used to assess dietary intake. Food intake was entered into the Nutrition Data System for Research for analysis of nutrient intake, dietary patterns and diet quality. Height and weight were measured to determine body mass index (BMI). The relation of dietary patterns to weight status was also assessed. RESULTS Typically developing children and children with ID met the Estimated Average Requirement/Adequate Intake (EAR/AI) for most nutrients. However, a substantial number of children in both groups did not meet the EAR for vitamins E and D and calcium and the AI for vitamin K. Only one TD child met the AI for potassium. A small percentage of children in both groups did not meet the EAR for vitamin A and vitamin C, and in the ID group, a small percentage did not meet the EAR for vitamin B12 . Children in the ID group consumed, on average, fewer servings of vegetables than TD children (0.5 vs. 1.2, P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in servings of fruit (0.8 vs. 1.1, respectively), fruit juice (less than a half serving in both groups), sugar-sweetened beverages (less than a half serving in both groups) or snacks (1.1 vs. 1.4, respectively) after adjusting for BMI z-score, parental education and race. We found a significant correlation between snack intake and BMI z-score among children with ID but not among TD children (r = 0.48, P < 0.0001 vs. r = 0.19, P = 0.16, respectively). The Healthy Eating Index indicated, on average, poor overall diet quality in both groups (58.2 in the ID group and 59.1 in the TD group). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the diets of children with ID, as in TD children, need improvement. Targeting healthy eating in children with ID would improve diet quality and overall health.
The Impact of EU Law on Hungarian Anti-Discrimination Law in Employment

The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the impact of EU law on some specific aspects of equal treatment in Hungarian labour law. In Section II, a short description is given on the main features of relevant EU and national legislation. In Section III the current status of national implementation of EU law is analysed concerning a central instrument of national equality law, i.e. the rules on burden of proof. The main developments of the case law of Hungarian courts is followed up; this was recently summarised and evaluated by the Case Law Analysing Group of the Kuria appointed to scrutinise the judicial practice of equal treatment regulation in the field of labour law. In Section IV, it is evaluated how far Hungarian labour law has come in the implementation process over the past 15 years in the analysed fields, and which challenges have to be addressed in the forthcoming 15 years.
Gender Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms After a Disaster: A Differential Item Functioning Analysis of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised

AbstractObjective: Although research indicates that women are more likely than men to report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following exposure to a disaster event, few studies have a...
Cytomegalovirus-induced embryopathology: mouse submandibular salivary gland epithelial-mesenchymal ontogeny as a model.

Background Human studies suggest, and mouse models clearly demonstrate, that cytomegalovirus (CMV) is dysmorphic to early organ and tissue development. CMV has a particular tropism for embryonic salivary gland and other head mesenchyme. CMV has evolved to co-opt cell signaling networks so to optimize replication and survival, to the detriment of infected tissues. It has been postulated that mesenchymal infection is the critical step in disrupting organogenesis. If so, organogenesis dependent on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions would be particularly vulnerable. In this study, we chose to model the vulnerability by investigating the cell and molecular pathogenesis of CMV infected mouse embryonic submandibular salivary glands (SMGs).