cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Study for the Protein C Purification Using Mini-Antibodies Produced from Recombinant E. coli

Protein C (PC) is an anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory protein in the blood. PC deficiency can lead to blood clots and these clots can prevent the nutrient and oxygen from being transported to tissues. In addition, blood clots detached from the origin can lead to pulmonary embolism, heart attack, and stroke. Purified PC has valuable therapeutic functions for PC-deficient patients, sepsis patients1, and patients undergoing major surgeries2,3. The current purification method for PC is expensive due to the high cost of monoclonal antibodies (by animal cell culture) used as a ligand in immunoaffinity chromatography separation3. In an attempt to lower the PC purification cost, a cheaper ligand, the single chain variable fragment (ScFv; mini-Ab) produced by recombinant E. coli is currently being studied.
An Architecture for Learning Stream Distributions with Application to RNG Testing

Learning cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) is a widely studied problem in data stream summarization. While current techniques have efficient software implementations, their efficiency depends on updates to data structures that are not easily adapted to FPGA or ASIC implementation. In this work, we develop an algorithm and a compact hardware architecture for learning the CDF of a data stream and apply our technique to the problem of on-chip run-time testing for bias in the output of random number generators (RNGs). Unlike previous approaches, our method is successful regardless of the expected output distribution of the RNG under test.
Optimized dispatch in a first-principles concentrating solar power production model

Abstract Concentrating solar power towers, which include a steam-Rankine cycle with molten salt thermal energy storage, is an emerging technology whose maximum effectiveness relies on an optimal operational and dispatch policy. Given parameters such as start-up and shut-down penalties, expected electricity price profiles, solar availability, and system interoperability requirements, this paper seeks a profit-maximizing solution that determines start-up and shut-down times for the power cycle and solar receiver, and the times at which to dispatch stored and instantaneous quantities of energy over a 48-h horizon at hourly fidelity. The mixed-integer linear program (MIP) is subject to constraints including: (i) minimum and maximum rates of start-up and shut-down, (ii) energy balance, including energetic state of the system as a whole and its components, (iii) logical rules governing the operational modes of the power cycle and solar receiver, and (iv) operational consistency between time periods. The novelty in this work lies in the successful integration of a dispatch optimization model into a detailed techno-economic analysis tool, specifically, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s System Advisor Model (SAM). The MIP produces an optimized operating strategy, historically determined via a heuristic. Using several market electricity pricing profiles, we present comparative results for a system with and without dispatch optimization, indicating that dispatch optimization can improve plant profitability by 5–20% and thereby alter the economics of concentrating solar power technology. While we examine a molten salt power tower system, this analysis is equally applicable to the more mature concentrating solar parabolic trough system with thermal energy storage.
Adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitors among Medicare Part D beneficiaries with chronic myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improve the survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) dramatically; however, nonadherence to TKI therapy may lead to resistance to the therapy. TKIs are very expensive and are covered under Part D insurance for Medicare patients. To the authors' knowledge, the impact of low-income subsidy status and cost sharing on adherence among this group has not been well studied in the literature. METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data linked with Medicare Part D data from the years 2007 through 2012 were used in the current study. The authors identified 836 patients with CML with Medicare Part D insurance coverage who were new TKI users. Treatment nonadherence was defined as a binary variable indicating the percentage of days covered was <80% during the 180-day period after the initiation of TKI therapy. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between out-of-pocket costs per 30-day drug supply, Medicare Part D plan characteristics, and treatment adherence while controlling for other patient characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 244 of the 836 patients with CML (29%) were nonadherent to targeted oral therapy during the 180 days after the initiation of treatment with TKIs. The multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that patients with heavily subsidized (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.8-15.9) and moderately subsidized (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-6.5) Medicare Part D plans were much more likely to demonstrate nonadherence compared with patients without a subsidy. CONCLUSIONS The current population-based study found a significantly higher rate of nonadherence among heavily subsidized patients with substantially lower out-of-pocket costs, which suggests that future research is needed to help lower the nonadherence rate among these individuals. Cancer 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
After Harvey, Irma, and Maria, an Opportunity for Better Health-Rebuilding Our Communities as We Want Them.

An editorial is presented which addresses the authors' views about public health and community rebuilding issues in the wake of natural disasters such as Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, and it mentions several other articles which appear in the same issue of the journal and deal with topics such as hurricane damage and the financial aspects of hurricanes in America. Hurricane Katrina's impact on New Orleans, Louisiana is assessed.
Retrospective analysis comparing oral stepdown therapy for enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections: fluoroquinolones versus β-lactams.

Abstract Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections (EB-BSIs) are a common manifestation of Gram-negative sepsis and are initially managed with empirical intravenous antibiotics. Upon stabilisation and source control, patients are often transitioned to an oral agent. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) plays a prominent role in stepdown therapy for severe infections owing to favourable pharmacokinetic parameters; however, serious adverse events (AEs) have been documented with their use. A total of 224 adults with EB-BSI initiated on empirical intravenous antibiotics with stepdown to oral β-lactam (BLM) (n = 84) or FQ (n = 140) were studied to compare clinical success and identify risk factors for treatment failure. Subgroups of early versus late oral stepdown and short versus extended duration of therapy (DOT) were assessed. Stepdown therapy with oral BLM was non-inferior to oral FQ (86.9% vs. 87.1%; mean difference 0.2%, 97.5% CI −10.3 to 10.7). Microbiological success (94.0% vs. 97.9%; P > 0.05) and 30-day re-admission (14.3% vs. 14.3%; P > 0.05) were similar. Patients were more likely to complete their BLM course without an AE compared with FQs (91.7% vs. 82.1%; P = 0.049). Clinical success was comparable between early and late stepdown (86.7% vs. 87.5%; P > 0.05) and short versus extended DOT (88.2% vs. 86.7%; P > 0.05). Negative predictors of clinical success identified by logistic regression were complicated diabetes (OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15–0.83) and urinary abnormality (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.94). These findings suggest that oral BLMs were non-inferior to FQs as stepdown therapy for EB-BSI, with less AEs.
Heterogeneous Rouse Model Predicts Polymer Chain Translational Normal Mode Decoupling

It has been known for 50 years that polymers exhibit chain normal mode decoupling upon approach to the glass transition, with chain dynamics exhibiting a weaker temperature dependence than segmental dynamics. Inspired by Sokolov and Schweizer’s suggestion that this thermorheological complexity is a consequence of dynamic heterogeneity in the supercooled state, we generalize the Rouse model to account for a distribution of segmental mobilities. The heterogeneous Rouse model (HRM) predicts chain translational normal mode decoupling as a manifestation of diffusion/relaxation decoupling (Stokes–Einstein breakdown)—a consequence of differences in how normal modes average over a distribution of segmental mobilities. Molecular dynamics simulations agree with theoretical predictions, with the HRM found to quantitatively predict deviations from Rouse scaling of the translational friction coefficient based on the observed degree of Stokes–Einstein breakdown.
PUFSec: Protecting physical unclonable functions using hardware isolation-based system security techniques

This paper aims to address the security challenges on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) raised by modeling attacks and denial of service (DoS) attacks. We develop a hardware isolation-based secure architecture extension, namely PUFSec, to protect the target PUF from security compromises without modifying the internal PUF design. PUFSec achieves the security protection by physically isolating the PUF hardware and data from the attack surfaces accessible by the adversaries. Furthermore, we deploy strictly enforced security policies within PUFSec, which authenticate the incoming PUF challenges and prevent attackers from collecting sufficient PUF responses to issue modeling attacks or interfering with the PUF workflow to launch DoS attacks. We implement our PUFSec framework on a Xilinx SoC equipped with ARM processor. Our experimental results on the real hardware prove the enhanced security and the low performance and power overhead brought by PUFSec.
Abstract 13219: Dll4-Notch Signaling Mediates Vascular Inflammation and Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Novel Mechanism

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases cardiovascular risk. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure and current therapies, including statins, cannot prevent CKD-associated cardiovascular events. We previously demonstrated that the Notch signaling ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) promotes macrophage activation. To identify a new mechanism and therapeutic target, we investigated the causal role of the Dll4-Notch pathway in vascular inflammation in CKD. Methods & Results: [In vitro] Indoxyl sulfate, a major uremic toxin, is an independent risk predictor in CKD. Clinically relevant concentrations (0.5-1.0 mM) of indoxyl sulfate increased the expression of proinflammatory molecules (e.g., IL-1β, TNFα, MCP-1), and Notch signaling components (e.g., Dll4, Notch3) in human primary macrophages derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notch inhibition with the γ-Secretase inhibitor DAPT suppressed indoxyl sulfate-triggered induction of proinflammatory molecules (e.g., MCP-1, Figure A) in macrophages. [In vivo] In LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice, an established model of atherosclerosis, 5/6 nephrectomy induced renal dysfunction assessed by elevated creatinine (0.56 ± 0.05 mg/dl) and BUN (128.0 ± 1.9 mg/dl), CKD accelerated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1 in splenic macrophages, and aortic atherosclerosis and calcification in Ldlr-/- mice Suppression of Notch signaling by Dll4 antibody reduced the size of atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta (p Conclusion: The present study suggests that Dll4 serves as a new therapeutic target for atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and calcification in CKD.
Income Returns in Early Career: Why Whites Have Less Need for Education

This paper tests an explanation of the “net black advantage,” a widespread but under-theorized finding that shows among people with similar socioeconomic status, black Americans achieve higher levels of education than whites. The proposed theory hypothesizes that blacks’ superior net investment is a response to disadvantage in the labor market; simply, whites have less need for education. The hypothesis is tested using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, when respondents were approximately 29 years old. Results show that among equally qualified individuals: (1) at equal levels of income, black workers have more education than whites (or equivalently, at equal levels of education, whites have higher income); (2) black Americans have a steeper rate of return to educational investment, thus at “some graduate school” or more, there is parity in wages; and (3) non-net rates show that 90% of black respondents have levels of education that are associated with white income advantage, even among equally qualified people.
Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Ocean Surface Wind Speed

The interest in passive microwave remote sensing of the ocean developed in the mid 1960’s when the analytical work of Stogryn indicated that radiometric emission from the ocean depends upon the degree of surface roughness. Because the ocean surface becomes rougher with increasing wind speed, a potential technique became available for the global monitoring of surface winds from earth orbiting satellites. The qualitative nature of the theoretical results were verified in a series of experiments conducted by Hollinger. At the same time, Nordberg and colleagues collected data from an aircraft which were tens of Kelvin more responsive to ocean surface winds than predicted by the Stogryn theory. The difference between theory and experiment was correctly attributed to increased emission resulting from the wind generation of surface foam. Subsequent to these exploratory measurements, Webster et al. experimentally derived linear coefficients relating excess radiometric emission to increased wind speed as a function of instrument viewing angle, polarization, and electromagnetic frequency. Finally Jones, Black and colleagues demonstrated the capability of a multi-frequency C-band microwave radiometer to measure ocean surface wind speed. This sensor was used in connection with hurricane research, and has measured wind speeds up to 140 kts through rain rates exceeding 50 mm/hr.
The Beautiful Eye: Perception of Beauty in the Periocular Area

Appearances of the eye and periocular region are essential features of the face which are significant to the perception of facial beauty. The general concepts of symmetry, averageness, and feature size, provide the framework upon which the oculofacial surgeon assesses and can then plan surgical intervention on specific periocular anatomic features. Skin quality, as well as the proportions of the eyelids, brows, and midface, must be evaluated, with consideration given to patient age, ethnicity, gender, and expectations. A working knowledge of what is perceived as beautiful in the periocular area is critical to the successful evaluation, counseling, and management of patients with cosmetic eyelid and periorbital concerns.
Temperature and Composition Changes

Changes in the temperature, odor, and taste of groundwater are probably among the earliest reported changes following earthquakes. These changes may be expected, not only because earthquake-induced groundwater flow is effective in transporting heat and solutes, but because significant amounts of frictional heat could be generated along the displaced fault, which may raise groundwater temperature. Progress in our understanding of these processes, however, has been slow, largely because relevant quantitative data are scarce. Systematic measurements of earthquake-induced changes in temperature and composition started only in the late twentieth century. Continuous recording of temperature has become available in a limited number of wells and springs. Composition records are even fewer because most measurements require discrete sampling of water and expensive and time-consuming laboratory analysis. Another complication for the temperature and composition data is that the measured values may depend strongly on the proximity of the point of measurement from hydraulically conductive fractures (e.g., Barton et al., 1995).
Production of Hydrogen Sulfide by Yeast

(1969). Production of Hydrogen Sulfide by Yeast. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 27, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1969, pp. 113-122.
Surrogate indicators of quality are associated with survival following surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION Quality/core measures have been collected for over 10 years. Studies have demonstrated hospital performance is related to postoperative outcomes. We hypothesize that hospital quality measures are associated with long-term survival following surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The National Cancer Data Base was queried for all HCC cases. Individual hospitals were deidentified. Quality markers were defined as hospital-specific median length of stay (LOS), 30-day mortality rate and readmit rate. A Cox regression stratified by stage estimated survival. To minimize confounding, a landmark analysis was estimated for patients that survived greater than 30 days. RESULTS A total of 16 202 HCC patients underwent surgical resection and 996 (6.1%) died within 30 days following surgery. Calculated by unique hospital, median 30-day death rate was 4.6% (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.2% to 7.6%). Thirty-day readmit rate was 2.6% (IQR: 0% to 5.9%) and median LOS was 8.0 days (IQR: 6.5 to 9.2). In the multivariate Cox regression, 30-day death rate (hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32 to 2.71) and longer LOS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.02) were associated with worse survival. Higher 30-day readmission rate was associated with improved survival (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.97). CONCLUSIONS Hospital-level surrogate markers of surgical quality appear to be significantly associated with HCC survival following resection. Patients treated in higher 30-day mortality centers, experienced worse outcomes. Individual hospitals should critically review disease-specific outcomes following resection to identify areas for improvement.
Sex-Dependent Ketamine Addiction-Like Behavior Profile Following Exposure to Chronic Mild Stress.

BackgroundKetamine has rapid antidepressant effects and shows great promise as a novel treatment for depression, but its limitations including its abuse potential are poorly understood. Given that ...
An optimal redundancy criterion index (ORC) for optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMU) for full observability of power grid

The chapter provides an ORC for placement of synchrophasors. Test cases were evaluated for IEEE systems for scalability, and the criteria provide promising results for the placement problem.
Neocolonialism Is Dead: Long Live Neocolonialism

During the 1950s, in what is today called the Global South—to some, a misnomer—a new concept, neocolonialism, was added to the lexicon of political thought. By the decades of the 1960s and 1970s, it had become a controversial political phenomenon. Predictably, most politicians and scholars in the West rejected the concept. By the close of the twentieth century, neocolonialism no longer occupied center stage in nationalist and scholarly discourses about the problems developing nations faced. Perspectives on this inevitable historical phenomenon came to mirror opponents’ ideas on imperialism and colonialism. Those who regarded them as a bad thing were alarmed at their continued existence through the back door after independence and vociferously denounced them as predatory and nefarious, but those who regarded them as essentially a good thing equally stoutly denied the existence of neocolonialism, regarding the intentions of the industrialized West in the new nations as essentially Christian, benevolent, and beneficial. Because of the renewed scholarly interest in the subject since the 1980s, especially the widening perspectives on the concept, this article revisits the phenomenon of neocolonialism and discusses its enduring manifestations, concluding that because of its very nature, neocolonialism has all along been alive and well. The political leaders of both the developed nations and the Global South are urged, therefore, to confront the phenomenon, not as superior and inferior or as colonizer and colonized but as partners in the pursuit of global peace, security, and prosperity. The conclusions are drawn from a study of a complex array of relevant sources from the 1950s to contemporary times.
Intrinsic functional connectivity during continuous maintenance and suppression of emotion in bipolar disorder

Resting-state connectivity studies, which examine unconstrained low frequency BOLD fluctuations, have reported inconsistent abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BP). In this study, we investigated intrinsic brain connectivity under the constraints of a Continuous Emotion Regulation Task (CERT) in BP patients in depressed (BPD) and manic (BPM) states, along with healthy control participants. Medication-free participants, with either a diagnosis of BP (BPD = 27, BPM = 30) or healthy controls (N = 33) were included. We collected 2 fMRI scans using the CERT paradigm, in which participants continuously watched negative pictures and either maintained emotions (MAINTAIN) or suppressed emotion using reappraisal techniques (SUPPRESS). Network-based statistic and graph theory analyses were examined for (i) the main effect of condition (within-group) and (ii) group and condition interactions. In healthy participants, MAINTAIN largely involved occipital and parietal cortices (p < .001), whereas SUPPRESS also recruited the frontal and cingulate cortices (p = .023). The interaction between group (BPD vs. BPM) and condition revealed a network involving the inferior frontal lobe which was stronger during MAINTAIN for BPD and during SUPPRESS for BPM (p = .037). Graph theory properties (i.e., clustering coefficient) for key nodes also evidenced significant group by condition interactions. We observed BP-related changes in network properties involved in normal and abnormal emotion regulation, which provide insights into the neural bases for affective disturbances in BP.
Identifying Stage D Heart Failure: Data From the Most Recent Registries

Improving outcomes with durable mechanical circulatory support have led to expanding interest in the earlier recognition of patients destined to develop refractory heart failure (HF). The recognition of advanced HF has received increasing attention. The Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) registry developed patient profiles of advanced HF to describe the spectrum of patients with refractory HF undergoing mechanical circulatory support. These patient profiles have been extended to advanced HF patients on medical therapy and used to align outcomes with medical and device therapy in the Medical Arm of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (MedaMACS) registries and the ROADMAP study. Shared decision-making about treatment options for advanced HF requires individualized consideration of risks and benefits beyond survival. Future studies, including the ongoing Registry for Vital Information for VADs in Ambulatory Life (REVIVAL) study, will provide prognostic information for patients transitioning from stage C to stage D HF to help patients, caregivers, and physicians navigate the increasingly complex terrain of HF care.
Experimental Comparison of Pure Flooding and Its Variants on Raspberry Pi in Small Scale Ad Hoc Networks

Because of dynamic topology in ad hoc networks, many routing protocols as well as service discovery protocols are mainly dependent on flooding algorithms. However, despite of its great role of flooding algorithm in wireless ad hoc networks, experimental study for small scale ad hoc networks has not been explored well yet. To solve this problem, in this paper, we implement the several flooding algorithms on Raspberry Pi and evaluate the performance of them. We present the details of the implementation and packet delivery ratio ratio where small scale ad hoc networks are deployed.
High-resolution mapping of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in bottomland hardwoods to slow Emerald Ash Borer infestation

Abstract Ash (Fraxinus spp.) species are under serious threat by an invasive insect named the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB), already spreading across 35 states in the USA. To track the dramatic progression for effective implementation of ash conservation plans, information on the spatial distribution of host resources is essential. This study aimed at delineating ash trees at the crown level in a mature bottomland hardwood forest under a remote sensing mapping framework. We employed five-band Worldview-3 imagery at 31 ​cm spatial resolution acquired in the spring and conducted the mapping activity using geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA). Because the training samples and features play important roles in classification, we tested the effects of training sample size and the textural features on the mapping performance. A set of segments that were optimized through a series of test-and-trials in the multiresolution segmentation were used as the basic mapping unit. By testing against field samples, the largest average overall accuracy 82%, was achieved through the random forest classifier. Our findings suggest that the classification accuracy is improved with increased training sample size. The combination of spectral and textural features improved the classification accuracy significantly (p-value
Chapter 23 – Liver tumours

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of various liver tumors such as hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymal sarcoma, primary malignant germ cell tumors, mesenchymal hamartoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia. Hepatoblastomas are single large tumors that arise in and distort an otherwise normal liver. The majority occur in the right lobe. Characteristically they are supplied by large vessels and have many dilated sinusoidal channels. Hepatocellular carcinoma is less common than hepatoblastoma except in areas in which there is a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in childhood. Hepatocellular carcinoma frequently starts in a liver with underlying cirrhosis. The tumor is often multicentric. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumor and usually arises from the common bile duct, but can occur in the common hepatic duct or even within the liver. The bile duct wall becomes thickened by a polypoid tumor, which grows along it and encroaches on the lumen with grape-like extensions. Mesenchymal sarcomas are rare tumors consisting of sarcomatous cells with frequent mitosis and areas of necrosis that produce space-occupying hypovascular lesions usually in the right lobe of the liver. Benign tumors usually present with hepatomegaly, abdominal distension or abdominal discomfort. Rarely they may be the sites of infection or bleeding into the peritoneum.
Who Would ‘Purge’? Low Self-Control, Psychopathy, and Offending in the Absence of Legal Controls:

The assumption that people are inherently self-interested and that legal controls are needed to prevent crime underlies several criminological perspectives. In the current study, this assumption is...
Evaluation of Load-Velocity Relationships and Repetitions-to-Failure Equations in the Presence of Male and Female Spotters

Nickerson, BS, Williams, TD, Snarr, RL, Garza, JM, and Salinas, G. Evaluation of load-velocity relationships and repetitions-to-failure equations in the presence of male and female spotters. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2427-2433, 2020-The purpose of this study was 2 fold: (a) to determine whether differences in mean concentric velocity (MCV), repetitions-to-failure (RTF), measured 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and 1RM prediction methods vary between lifter and spotter sex and (b) determine the accuracy of velocity-based 1RM (MCV1RM) and repetitions-to-failure-based 1RM (RTF1RM) prediction equations in the presence of either a male or female spotter. Twenty resistance-trained individuals (50% men) participated in this study. The initial 2 visits involved measuring 1RM for the bench press with a male or female spotter. Visits 3 and 4 required subjects to lift loads at 30 (5-repetitions), 50 (5-repetitions), and 70% 1RM (RTF) in the presence of a male or female spotter. Velocity-based 1RM was determined through individual regression equations using the submaximal loads (MCV30, MCV50, and MCV70). Repetitions-to-failure-based 1RM was determined through the RTF at 70% 1RM using Wathen (Wathen1RM), Mayhew (Mayhew1RM), and Epley (Epley1RM) equations. There were significant interactions when assessing Wathen1RM and Mayhew1RM (p < 0.05). Female lifters produced significantly higher estimated 1RM values during the male spotter condition using Wathen1RM and Mayhew1RM than the female spotter condition (p = 0.032 and 0.033, respectively). MCV1RM and Epley1RM produced smaller mean differences than Wathen1RM and Mayhew1RM when compared with measured 1RM. However, MCV1RM produced the largest standard error of estimate, whereas Epley1RM produced the lowest values. Epley1RM should be used over MCV1RM, Wathen1RM, and Mayhew1RM when loads up to 70% 1RM are implemented. Also, spotter sex only seems to impact female lifters when using the RTF1RM prediction equations of Wathen1RM and Mayhew1RM.
Structural competency in mental health nursing: Understanding and applying key concepts

Abstract Achieving mental health equity requires that nursing address structures that impede the ability of individuals and populations to achieve optimal mental health. Consistent with calls for structural change, this paper intends to promote structural competency in mental health nursing by applying this concept to the field. The first half of the paper discusses structural competency and key concepts vital for its development, namely, structure, social influencers of mental health, equity, structural justice, and historical understanding. In the second half we apply structural competency to mental health nursing at the educational, practice and system levels and conclude with recommendations for change.
Environmental circadian disruption suppresses rhythms in kidney function and accelerates excretion of renal injury markers in urine of male hypertensive rats

Nontraditional work schedules, such as shift work, have been associated with numerous health issues, including cardiovascular and metabolic disease. These work schedules can chronically misalign environmental timing cues with internal circadian clock systems in the brain and in peripheral organs, leading to dysfunction of those systems and their associated biological processes. Environmental circadian disruption in the kidney may be an important factor in the increased incidence of hypertension and adverse health outcomes in human shift workers. The relationship between renal rhythmicity and injury resilience is not well understood, especially in the context of environmental, rather than genetic, manipulations of the circadian system. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether chronic shifting of the light cycle that mimics shift work schedules would disrupt output rhythms of the kidney and accelerate kidney injury in salt-loaded male spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone rats. We observed that chronic shifting of the light-dark (LD) cycle misaligned and decreased the amplitude of urinary volume rhythms as the kidney phase-shifted to match each new lighting cycle. This schedule also accelerated glomerular and tubular injury marker excretion, as quantified by nephrin and KIM-1 compared with rats kept in a static LD cycle. These data suggest that disrupted rhythms in the kidney may decrease resilience and contribute to disease development in systems dependent on renal and cardiovascular functions.
Animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of death in premature infants. To determine the factors present in the disease that lead to increased morbidity and mortality, manipulation of variables that are shown to have a positive response has been tested using various animal models. Testing and manipulation of these variables are unwarranted in humans due to regulatory health standards. Methods The purpose of this review is to provide an update to previous summaries that determine the significance of animal models in studying the mechanisms of NEC. A large variety of animal models including rats, mice, rabbits, piglets, nonhuman primates, and quails have been described in literature. We reviewed the reported animal models of NEC and examined the pros and cons of the various models as well as the scientific question addressed. Results The animals used in these experiments were subject to gavage feeding, hypoxia, hypothermia, oxygen perfusion, and other methods to induce the disease state. Each of these models has been utilized to show the effects of NEC on the premature, undeveloped gut in animals to find a correlation to the disease state present in humans. We found specific advantages and disadvantages for each model. Conclusions Recent advances in our understanding of NEC and the ongoing therapeutic strategy developments underscore the importance of animal models for this disease.
Effect of Anthropomorphizing Food Animals on Intentions to Eat Meat

Awareness that others have human qualities (humanizing) generally results in a more favorable treatment of those others. Recent research has found that nonhuman entities (e.g., animals, the planet)...
Artificial intelligence in musculoskeletal imaging: a perspective on value propositions, clinical use, and obstacles

Artificial intelligence and deep learning (DL) offer musculoskeletal radiology exciting possibilities in multiple areas, including image reconstruction and transformation, tissue segmentation, workflow support, and disease detection. Novel DL-based image reconstruction algorithms correcting aliasing artifacts, signal loss, and noise amplification with previously unobtainable effectiveness are prime examples of how DL algorithms deliver promised value propositions in musculoskeletal radiology. The speed of DL-based tissue segmentation promises great efficiency gains that may permit the inclusion of tissue compositional-based information routinely into radiology reports. Similarly, DL algorithms give rise to a myriad of opportunities for workflow improvements, including intelligent and adaptive hanging protocols, speech recognition, report generation, scheduling, precertification, and billing. The value propositions of disease-detecting DL algorithms include reduced error rates and increased productivity. However, more studies using authentic clinical workflow settings are necessary to fully understand the value of DL algorithms for disease detection in clinical practice. Successful workflow integration and management of multiple algorithms are critical for translating the value propositions of DL algorithms into clinical practice but represent a major roadblock for which solutions are critically needed. While there is no consensus about the most sustainable business model, radiology departments will need to carefully weigh the benefits and disadvantages of each commercially available DL algorithm. Although more studies are needed to understand the value and impact of DL algorithms on clinical practice, DL technology will likely play an important role in the future of musculoskeletal imaging.
Guayule resin: An innovative bioresource for asphalt cement replacement

Abstract Novel resources can contribute to replacing asphalt with sustainable, flexible pavement options. In this study, asphalt was replaced by guayule resin as a bioresource by-product extracted during guayule natural rubber production. Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) was used as an asphalt enhancer. According to the Superpave criteria, the designated binders were exposed to tests covering the construction process (mixing and compaction requirements), rutting, fatigue, and thermal cracking resistances through viscosity, high-, intermediate-, and low-temperature measurements, respectively. The original, short-term aging, and long-term aging conditions were simulated using tank, rolling thin film oven, and pressure aging vessel materials, respectively. Additionally, component analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to link the rheological properties with the chemical changes. Outcomes showed a relatively lower viscosity for guayule resin than asphalt at the same high-temperature grade, thus indicating savings in plant energy consumption and environmental emissions. The CRM enhanced guayule, but not as much as asphalt, as proven by polymeric component migration through the liquid binder. This enhancement was reflected in the rheological performance in addition to other factors. The as-received guayule resin had a high oxygen content confirmed by strong absorption peak intensities of oxidative bonds (e.g., Carbonyl and sulfoxide). Such pre-oxidation was negatively reflected in the intermediate- and low-temperature performances of guayule resin and guayule-based binders. However, the investigated guayule resin compensated for asphalt replacement by 23–42% of the blend's weight.
Factors affecting breastfeeding in women with epilepsy.

Objective This study aimed to compare rates of breastfeeding initiation and maintenance in women with epilepsy (WWE) with those of the general population and to identify factors affecting breastfeeding patterns in WWE. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data for the following variables in pregnant WWE (n = 102) and healthy women without epilepsy (n = 112): demographic characteristics (age, race, ethnicity), epilepsy type (focal or generalized onset), antiseizure medication(s), psychiatric comorbidities, postpartum seizure control, breastfeeding counseling, and lactation consultation. Fisher exact test and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation in pregnant WWE with those of healthy pregnant women and to determine factors associated with rates of breastfeeding initiation and maintenance. Results The rate of breastfeeding initiation in WWE was significantly lower than in healthy women without epilepsy (50.9% vs. 87.6%), and WWE were less likely to maintain breastfeeding at 6 weeks (38.2%) and 3 months (36%) postpartum. Nearly half (53%) of WWE received antepartum breastfeeding counseling by their neurologists, and these women had higher odds of breastfeeding initiation and continuation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-5.72, p = .02). Postpartum consultation with a board-certified lactation consultant was associated with higher odds of breastfeeding continuation at 6 weeks (OR = 5.43, 95% CI = 1.39-27.23, p = .02) and at 3 months (OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 1.34-20.87, p = .019). Women taking levetiracetam were more likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than those taking lamotrigine (OR = 6.22, 95% CI = 2.15-20.20, p = .001). Significance The initiation rate and duration of breastfeeding were significantly lower in WWE than in healthy women without epilepsy and were significantly associated with several factors. Identification of potential barriers to breastfeeding in WWE may lead to development of intervention strategies that can improve breastfeeding rates in WWE to maximize positive health outcomes for WWE and their infants.
Non-cooperative mechanism for bounded and ultrasensitive chromatin remodeling.

Abstract Chromatin remodeling is an essential form of gene regulation that is involved in a variety of biological processes. We develop a theoretical model that takes advantage of percolation effects at the level of nucleosome interactions, which allows for ultrasensitive chromatin expansion. This model is non-cooperative and readily provides spatial bounds to the expansion region, preventing uncontrolled remodeling events. We explore different chromatin architectures and the ultrasensitivity of the chromatin density as a function of transcription factor concentration. We also compare our model with experimental data involving an inhibitor of nucleosome acetylation. These results suggest a novel mechanism for spatially-bounded chromatin remodeling and they provide means for quantitative comparisons between proposed models of chromatin architecture.
Making music during a pandemic

Efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 among musicians have recently produced a significant body of original research on the flow of the breath while making music. Percussion and string instrument players have no special considerations beyond those of the general population in reducing the spread of COVID-19, but the other musical instruments involve the exhalation of breath through the instrument toward other players and the audience. Similarly, singing produces both aerosol and ballistic droplets from the mouth and thelouder one sings the greater the distance the exhaled particles travel. This presentation will review recent attempts to understand the flow of breath during musical performance, as well as the acoustical effects of some of the methods that musicians have used to reduce the spread of COVID-19 during rehearsal and performance.
A New Species and Two Known Species of Free-Living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Monoposthiidae) from Northwest Florida, U.S.A.

Two known free-living marine nematodes, Monoposihioides “ l y r i Wieser and Hopper, 1967 and Monoposthia hexalaia Chitwood. 1936 are redescribed from sediments in Si. Andrew Bay and Lake Powell, Bay County,Florida.U.S.A. One new speciesoffree-living marinenematode. Monoposihia baxterin. sp.. is described from nonvegelated sediments in St Andrew Bay, Bay County, Florida. M. baxteri n. sp. differs from the other members of the genus in the shape of the gubernaculum which is more similar to that of the species of Monoposthioides than that of Monoposthia.
Detecting malicious short URLs on Twitter

Short URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) have gained immense popularity especially in Online Social Networks (OSNs), blogs, and messages. Short URLs are used to avoid sharing overly long URLs and save limited text space in messages or tweets. Significant numbers of URLs shared in the Online Social Networks are shortened URLs. Despite of its potential benefits from genuine usage, attackers use shortened URLs to hide the malicious URLs, which direct users to malicious pages. Although, OSN service providers and URL shortening services utilize certain detection mechanisms to prevent malicious URLs from being shortened, research has found that they fail to do so effectively. These malicious URLs are found to propagate through OSNs. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to develop a machine learning classifier to detect malicious short URLs with visible content features, tweet context, and social features from one popular Online Social Network Twitter.
National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference Statement: Preventing Violence and Related Health-Risking, Social Behaviors in Adolescents, October 13-15, 2004.

NIH consensus and state-of-the-science statements are prepared by independent panels of health professionals and public representatives on the basis of (1) the results of a systematic literature review prepared under contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the conference questions during a 2-day public session, (3) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session, and (4) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second day and morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the NIH or the Federal Government.The statement reflects the panel's assessment of medical knowledge available at the time the statement was written. Thus, it provides a "snapshot in time" of the state of knowledge on the conference topic. When reading the statement, keep in mind that new knowledge is inevitably accumulating through medical and behavioral research. Language: en
Transgenic maize plants expressing the Totivirus antifungal protein, KP4, are highly resistant to corn smut.

The corn smut fungus, Ustilago maydis, is a global pathogen responsible for extensive agricultural losses. Control of corn smut using traditional breeding has met with limited success because natural resistance to U. maydis is organ specific and involves numerous maize genes. Here, we present a transgenic approach by constitutively expressing the Totivirus antifungal protein KP4, in maize. Transgenic maize plants expressed high levels of KP4 with no apparent negative impact on plant development and displayed robust resistance to U. maydis challenges to both the stem and ear tissues in the greenhouse. More broadly, these results demonstrate that a high level of organ independent fungal resistance can be afforded by transgenic expression of this family of antifungal proteins.
Cortical stimulation in the definition of the stimulation-induced aura zone

Publisher Summary The aura is defined as that portion of the seizure that occurs before consciousness is lost, and for which memory is retained afterwards. This chapter discusses the role of stimulation-induced auras (SIA) and stimulation-induced seizures (SIS) in various epochs of epilepsy surgery, together with considerations about pathophysiologic aspects. A patient's history (semiology of aura and seizure), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), interictal and ictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG), neuropsychology, invasive EEG, SIA/SIS, and intraoperative electrocorticography are the usual methods for defining the epileptogenic zone. Successful epilepsy surgery primarily depends on the complete resection of the lesion as determined by postoperative MRI. With increasing imaging quality, the importance of intracranial stimulation has been reduced and noninvasive monitoring is sufficient in most patients. High-resolution MRI today often detects epileptogenic lesions. The localization of SIA and SIS will be considered as an index of epileptogenicity, in modern epilepsy surgery as in earlier times, in cases in which invasive monitoring with subdural electrodes is necessary.
Process definition language support for rapid simulation prototyping

This paper suggests how an appropriately designed and architected process definition language can be an effective aid to the rapid generation of simulations, which are, in turn, capable of providing important insights. The paper describes how the features of the Little-JIL process definition language helped in the rapid generation of simulations that shed important new light on the effectiveness of various collusion strategies in influencing the outcomes of various auction approaches. The paper describes how Little-JIL’s approach to modular reuse and its separation of process concerns both turn out to be of particular value in supporting rapid prototyping. The simulation results obtained are themselves interesting, as the paper also suggests that the auction idiom is highly relevant to resource allocation in software development. Thus, the insights gained into the efficacy of various collusion approaches have particular relevance to software process research.