cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural Learning through a Sport Tourism Experience: The Role of the Group

With the growth in international communication technologies, geographic mobility, and international trade, there is increasing pressure to internationalize the sport management and business curricula to reflect the global milieu in which the industry now operates. Understanding cultural differences has been identified as a key competency for students learning about international issues (Lundstrom et al., 1996). Experiential learning and immersion have been identified as key methods of cultural learning provided through both international trips and study abroad experiences (Andrus et al., 1995). Short-term study trips, a form of group-based sport tourism, are a commonly used avenue provided to expose students to a different culture and facilitate cultural learning. This research uses participant observation, interviews, and content analysis of student reflection papers on five international trips (n = 38), which form part of a university course, to study the effectiveness of teaching culture through short-...
Fluorescence spectroscopy for cervical precancer detection: Is there variance across the menstrual cycle?

This study assesses one possible cause of inter-patient varia- tion in fluorescence spectroscopy of the cervix: the menstrual cycle. Ten patients with no history of an abnormal Pap smear were seen daily throughout 30 consecutive days of their cycle. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices were measured from three cervical sites on each patient. Principal component analysis was used to determine which spectral regions varied with the day of the cycle. Classification was performed to assess the influence of menstrual cycle on precan- cer diagnosis. Variations in the principal component scores and the redox ratio values show that the fluorescence emission spectra at 340-380 nm excitation appear to correlate with the cell metabolism of the cervical epithelium throughout the menstrual cycle; these changes do not affect diagnostic classification. The menstrual cycle affects intra-patient variation but does not appear to cause a signifi- cant level of inter-patient variation. It does not need to be controlled for in optical detection strategies based on fluorescence spectroscopy.
Local and non-local consonant-vowel interaction in Interior Salish*

Local consonant-vowel (C-V) interaction is attested in many languages, both as a phonetic and as a phonological process. There can be a clear developmental relationship between the two, with phonologisation of phonetic interaction occurring quite commonly (Hyman 1976, Ohala 1981). Thus, a common (historical) context for nasal vowels is an adjacent nasal consonant. When consonants trigger non-local effects (i.e. when the domain of the consonantal feature extends beyond adjacent segments), typically both vowels and consonants are targeted. For example, in consonant-induced nasal or emphasis harmony all segments in the harmony domain usually take the consonantal feature. If some segments are neutral, targets still include both consonants and vowels.
When is getting there half the fun? Modeling the liking for travel

Abstract This paper analyzes empirically measured values of Travel Liking––how much individuals like to travel, in various overall, mode-, and purpose-based categories. The study addresses two questions: what types of people enjoy travel, and under what circumstances is travel enjoyed? We first review and augment some previously hypothesized reasons why individuals may enjoy travel. Then, using data from 1358 commuting residents of three San Francisco Bay Area neighborhoods, a total of 13 ordinary least-squares linear regression models are presented: eight models of short-distance Travel Liking and five models of long-distance Travel Liking. The results indicate that travelers’ attitudes and personality (representing motivations) are more important determinants of Travel Liking than objective travel amounts. For example, while those who commute long distances do tend to dislike commute travel (as expected), the variables entering the models that hold the most importance relate to the personality and attitudes of the traveler. Most of the hypothesized reasons for liking travel are empirically supported here.
Impact of Microbial/Plant Interactions on the Transformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Rhizosphere of Festuca Arundinacea

The promotion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation was demonstrated in the rhizosphere of Festuca arundinacea with Pseudomonas fluorescens. P. fluorescens 5RL more significantly interacted with salicylate and dextrose in the agar containing tall fescue than agar without plant roots. Although the presence of tall fescue did not promote catabolic enzyme induction in the absence of salicylate, an increase in dioxygenase activity relative to no plant controls implies that this plant may enhance the degradation of PAHs or facilitate the genotypes that are capable of transforming PAH in the rhizosphere.
Activated partial thromboplastin time and anti-xa measurements in heparin monitoring: biochemical basis for discordance

We examined the concordance of heparin levels measured by a chromogenic anti-Xa assay and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) during unfractionated heparin therapy (UFH) and the biochemical basis for differences between these measures. We also investigated the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) as a possible measure of anticoagulation. Paired measures of anti-Xa and APTT were performed on 569 samples from 149 patients on UFH. The anti-Xa values and the APTT were concordant in only 54% of measurements. One hundred twelve samples from 59 patients on UFH were assayed for APTT, anti-Xa, factor II, factor VIII, and ETP. Supratherapeutic APTT values but therapeutic anti-Xa results had decreased factor II activity. Subtherapeutic APTT but therapeutic anti-Xa values had high factor VIII activity. ETP correlated with anticoagulation status and UFH dose. In conclusion, factor II and VIII activity contributes to discordance between APTT and anti-Xa results. ETP measurements may provide an additional assessment of anticoagulation status.
Mobile targets region-of-interest via distributed pyroelectric sensor network: Towards a robust, real-time context reasoning

We have established a multi-walker recognition / tracking testbed based on low-cost pyroelectrc sensor network (PSN). In order to identify a region of interest (RoI) in the monitoring area for the detection of any interesting mobile targets, we propose to use Bayesian machine learning and binary signal projection to extract the statistical contextual features from real-time, high-dimensional PSN data. This paper describes our recent results in this area, which include two aspects: (1) we have proposed to use binary principle component analysis (B-PCA) to interpret the relationship between observed sensor data and hidden context patterns. (2) We have conducted comprehensive experiments from real PSN sensor data to verify the context detection accuracy based on B-PCA models. Our results show that B-PCA can better capture context basis than general PCA algorithm 1.
Reflection characteristics of a mylonite zone based on compressional wave velocities of rock samples

SUMMARY A combined field and laboratory study of the seismic reflection response and seismic properties of the mylonite zone capping the Kettle dome metamorphic core complex provides important constraints on reflectivity of mylonites. Because of its structural and petrologic characteristics, this mylonite zone can be regarded as a model for mid- to deep-crustal mylonite zones. CDP reflection profiling revealed that the mylonite zone is reflective. Laboratory measurements of compressional wave velocities (V,) at high confining pressures in samples collected directly up-dip from the CDP reflection line revealed a wide variation of v, in common mid-crustal lithologies. Mafic and carbonate rock mean V, values range from 6.67 to 7.31 km s-* at 600 MPa, and quartzite and quartzo-feldspathic values range from 6.16 to 6.52 km s-'. Seismic anisotropy at low pressures can be related to open microcracks and preferred mineral orientation, whereas the latter effect controls anisotropy at high pressures. The laboratory data provide the basis for a seismic model which indicates that the Kettle dome mylonite zone can generate reflections from zones where high- and low-velocity lithologies are interlayered. These reflections correlate with those observed on the CDP data, thus demonstrating that the reflectivity of the mylonite zone is a direct result of its lithologic diversity and layered nature. In this case, it is not necessary to explain the reflections by the effects of anisotropy, retrogression, high pore pressure, or constructive interference.
An iterated FIR filter using radix-4 serial arithmetic for gallium arsenide technology

The architecture of an iterated FIR (finite impulse response) filter using radix-4 serial/parallel multipliers and radix-4 serial adder/subtractors is presented. The architecture is targeted for ultra-high-speed technologies, in particular GaAs MESFET and HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) technologies. A serial arithmetic approach is proposed for this high-speed but relatively low integration level technology in order to reduce the size of the integrated circuit. The authors give a description of the iterated FIR filter structure and discuss two possible approaches to implementing the FIR algorithm in GaAs. >
HIV Drug Resistance and Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV

This article covers HIV drug resistance among pregnant women and the implications of transmission of resistant HIV to the infant. Resistance to antiretroviral drugs may be acquired or can emerge while HIV-infected pregnant women are on antiretroviral therapy, either before or during pregnancy. Resistance to antiretroviral drugs among HIV-infected infants may be acquired from the mother in utero or during the intrapartum period. Resistance may also emerge from exposure to antiretroviral drugs given to the infant for prophylaxis against HIV transmission. In settings where breastfeeding is practiced, ongoing transmission of HIV from breastfeeding may lead to transmission of resistant HIV from the mother. If the mother is taking antiretroviral drugs while breastfeeding, resistance to antiretroviral drugs may emerge in an HIV-infected infant from ingestion of antiretroviral drugs via breast milk. The magnitude and implications of antiretroviral resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women and HIV-infected infants are summarized.
Efficacy of the Telemedicine for Reach, Education, Access, and Treatment (TREAT) Model for Diabetes Care

Videoconferencing-based telemedicine services have the potential to address the problem of poor access to diabetes specialists in remote rural communities. However, evidence of efficacy of telemedicine services on HbA1c in the rural setting has been quite limited. We created the Telemedicine for Reach, Education, Access, and Treatment (TREAT) model—a system that combines videoconferencing consultations provided by an endocrinologist at an urban center in collaboration with a local diabetes educator. In this study, we tested the efficacy of TREAT on HbA1c control. Protocols were approved by the local institutional review board. Volunteers with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c >7.0% and residing within a medically underserved rural Pennsylvania community were recruited. Referral, recruitment, and telemedicine consultations between urban and rural sites were conducted as in one of our previous studies (1). Seventy-one patients were referred, of which 40 expressed an interest in participating. Thirty-one patients consented and enrolled; two withdrew and four were lost to follow-up between the first and second follow-up assessment. At each telemedicine visit at the rural site, participants were assisted by the local diabetes nurse educator. Each participant underwent a telemedicine visit with an urban center–based endocrinologist at baseline and 3 months later for adjustments in therapy. HbA1c was measured at baseline, 3 months (first follow-up), and 6 months (second follow-up). Before enrollment, TREAT participants were not consistently self-monitoring …
A New Era of Performance Evaluation

Long-standing techniques for performance evaluation of computer designs are beginning to fail. Computers increasingly interact with other computers, humans, and the outside world, leading to scenario-oriented computing, an emerging category of design that will enable future consumer devices and usher in a new era of performance evaluation.
Sons versus daughters: sex composition of children and maternal views on socialization

This study argues for the incorporation of sex composition of offspring in the study of parental values and attitudes. Using a sample of mothers of pre-school aged children residing in two cities in Indiana, we examine the consequences of sex composition on two important parental views on socialization. We find that as the relative number of sons versus daughters increases, mothers believe "children always suffer when both parents work outside of the home" and "the most important thing for children to learn is to obey their parents." These findings suggest that generalized views on parenting are developed through maternal experiences in the family and, in turn, these experiences are shaped by the sex composition of progeny. How parental characteristics, such as education and income, influence parental attitudes and values regarding socialization and, in turn, children's behavior continues to receive scholarly attention. Surprisingly, social scientists tend to overlook the converse, that is, the role that characteristics of children, especially composition of progeny, have on their parents. Among these compositional characteristics are number, age spacing, and sex of children. In this article, we focus on the last characteristic: sex composition, that is, the relative number of sons and daughters in the family. Using a sample of mothers of preschool aged children residing in two cities in Indiana, we examine the extent to which sex composition affects maternal views on: (1) the consequence of both parents working when children are of pre-school age, and (2) the importance of children's obedience. Highlighting the effect of sex composition provides a unique and useful approach toward understanding parental attitudes and values.
Local Effects of Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium Upon Small and Large Blood Vessels of the Dog Forelimb

Resistance to blood flow through the small vessels of the dog foreleg decreased following local elevation of serum sodium and magnesium concentrations. Small vessel resistance increased following elevation of calcium concentration. Associated with the former changes was decreased responsiveness to levarterenol and methacholine. These changes likely result from effects of the cations upon the smooth muscle cell of the arteriole.
Fatiguing effect of multiple take-offs and landings in regional airline operations

Fatigue is a risk factor for flight performance and safety in commercial aviation. In US commercial aviation, to help to curb fatigue, the maximum duration of flight duty periods is regulated based on the scheduled start time and the number of flight segments to be flown. There is scientific support for regulating maximum duty duration based on scheduled start time; fatigue is well established to be modulated by circadian rhythms. However, it has not been established scientifically whether the number of flight segments, per se, affects fatigue. To address this science gap, we conducted a randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over study with 24 active-duty regional airline pilots. Objective and subjective fatigue was compared between a 9-hour duty day with multiple take-offs and landings versus a duty day of equal duration with a single take-off and landing. To standardize experimental conditions and isolate the fatiguing effect of the number of segments flown, the entire duty schedules were carried out in a high-fidelity, moving-base, full-flight, regional jet flight simulator. Steps were taken to maintain operational realism, including simulated airplane inspections and acceptance checks, use of realistic dispatch releases and airport charts, real-world air traffic control interactions, etc. During each of the two duty days, 10 fatigue test bouts were administered, which included a 10-minute Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) assessment of objective fatigue and Samn-Perelli (SP) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) assessments of subjective sleepiness/fatigue. Results showed a greater build-up of objective and subjective fatigue in the multi-segment duty day than in the single-segment duty day. With duty start time and duration and other variables that could impact fatigue levels held constant, the greater build-up of fatigue in the multi-segment duty day was attributable specifically to the difference in the number of flight segments flown. Compared to findings in previously published laboratory studies of simulated night shifts and nighttime sleep deprivation, the magnitude of the fatiguing effect of the multiple take-offs and landings was modest. Ratings of flight performance were not significantly reduced for the simulated multi-segment duty day. The US duty and flight time regulations for commercial aviation shorten the maximum duty duration in multi-segment operations by up to 25% depending on the duty start time. The present results represent an important first step in understanding fatigue in multi-segment operations, and provide support for the number of flight segments as a relevant factor in regulating maximum duty duration. Nonetheless, based on our fatigue results, a more moderate reduction in maximum duty duration as a function of the number of flight segments might be considered. However, further research is needed to include investigation of flight safety, and to extend our findings to nighttime operations.
Predicting the Effect of Temperature on the Shock Absorption Properties of Polyethylene Foam

Polyethylene (PE) foam is a material used commonly in protective packaging for its shock absorption properties. When developing a package design intended to mitigate shock to the product, decisions are typically made based on established cushion evaluation procedures performed at standard laboratory conditions. Distribution environment temperatures, however, can vary greatly from the condition at which these materials are assessed. The research presented in this paper utilizes the stress–energy method of cushion evaluation and highlights trends in the stress–energy equations of PE foam tested at 12 different temperatures, ranging from −20°C to 50°C. A quadratic polynomial is used to describe the variation in the stress–energy equation coefficients over the temperature range evaluated. The model developed enables cushion curve prediction for any static stress, drop height, material thickness and temperature expected over the intended range of use of the material. This model is validated by performing additional impact testing of samples at various temperatures and comparing experimentally obtained acceleration values to those predicted by the model. Further model analysis is performed to estimate the optimal static stress for the material at any temperature within the range tested and to study the variation with temperature of this optimal point. Results reveal that the model developed is capable of predicting the shock absorption properties of the material within the range of parameters tested and that the optimal static stress of the material decreases as temperature increases from −20°C to 50°C. Application to cushion design is made to recommend an approach to designing a PE cushion system for use over a range of temperatures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric intracranial gunshot wounds: the Memphis experience

OBJECTIVE Penetrating brain injury in civilians is much less common than blunt brain injury but is more severe overall. Gunshot wounds (GSWs) cause high morbidity and mortality related to penetrating brain injury; however, there are few reports on the management and outcome of intracranial GSWs in children. The goals of this study were to identify clinical and radiological factors predictive for death in children and to externally validate a recently proposed pediatric prognostic scale. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of penetrating, isolated GSWs sustained in children whose ages ranged from birth to 18 years and who were treated at 2 major metropolitan Level 1 trauma centers from 1996 through 2013. Several standard clinical, laboratory, and radiological factors were analyzed for their ability to predict death in these patients. The authors then applied the St. Louis Scale for Pediatric Gunshot Wounds to the Head, a scoring algorithm that was designed to provide rapid prognostic information for emergency management decisions. The scale's sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictability were determined, with death as the primary outcome. RESULTS Seventy-one children (57 male, 14 female) had a mean age of 14 years (range 19 months to 18 years). Overall mortality among these children was 47.9%, with 81% of survivors attaining a favorable clinical outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≥ 4). A number of predictors of mortality were identified (all p < 0.05): 1) bilateral fixed pupils; 2) deep nuclear injury; 3) transventricular projectile trajectory; 4) bihemispheric injury; 5) injury to ≥ 3 lobes; 6) systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg; 7) anemia (hematocrit < 30%); 8) Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤ 5; and 9) a blood base deficit < -5 mEq/L. Patient age, when converted to a categorical variable (0-9 or 10-18 years), was not predictive. Based on data from the 71 patients in this study, the positive predictive value of the St. Louis scale in predicting death (score ≥ 5) was 78%. CONCLUSIONS This series of pediatric cranial GSWs underscores the importance of the initial clinical exam and CT studies along with adequate resuscitation to make the appropriate management decision(s). Based on our population, the St. Louis Scale seems to be more useful as a predictor of who will survive than who will succumb to their injury.
The Pill and Marital Stability

Better contraception will have competing impacts on marital stability and divorce rates. Preexisting marriages are likely to become less stable as better contraception raises the value of reentering the dating market. Subsequent marriages are likely to be more stable as couples delay marriages and use better contraception to search for better partners. Â I investigate this hypothesis using variation in access to the birth control pill by state and cohort as developed by Goldin and Katz (2002). Â Access to the pill decreased stability of preexisting marriages and increased stability of subsequent marriages.
Online vs. Face-to-Face Deliberation on the Global Warming and Stem Cell Issues

Deliberation serves an important function in democracies. It enables citizens to become more informed and knowledgeable about political and social issues, as well as to have the opportunity to consider other viewpoints and learn how others view important issues. Online deliberation is a relatively new phenomenon that allows people to discuss political issues with others of widely differing backgrounds and locations. Some studies have examined the attributes of those who participate in online deliberations, but little has been done to compare the quality of discussion between online and face-to-face deliberation. Through an experiment, I explore the differences and similarities between deliberation occurring online and in-person. The motivating questions include whether online deliberation can be as successful as the more traditional face-to-face deliberation and under what conditions? Does online deliberation work better when participants are online at the same time (synchronous deliberation) or when they can post messages on their own time in a message forum (asynchronous deliberation)? Do people deliberate better online when their real names are used or when their identity remains anonymous? Do certain types of issues lend themselves to better deliberation than others? Does personal experience and media information enter equally into the discussion? Both the content of the deliberations and the results from post-deliberation surveys will be examined and analyzed.
When is a Same-Sex Marriage Legal? Full Faith and Credit and Sex Determination

When the conversation turns to same-sex marriage, the array of opinions on the complex constitutional, state, and federal issues implicated in the same-sex marriage debate are numerous and diverse. One of the major recurring debates is the constitutionality of banning same-sex marriages or refusing to recognize a same-sex marriage performed in a sister state. Before we can conclude whether same-sex marriages must be recognized in a sister state under the full faith and credit clause, or whether the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is constitutional and protects sister states from having to recognize such out-of-state same-sex marriages, we must first establish what constitutes a same-sex marriage. To determine whether a marriage is an opposite sex heterosexual relationship or a same-sex homosexual union, we must first decide how to define the terms "man" and "woman." Because states rely on different factors to determine legal sex, a marriage involving a transgendered spouse could be considered an illegal homosexual union in some states and a legal heterosexual marriage in other states. This article analyzes these contradictory approaches to sex determination and their implications for the same-sex marriage debate. The article starts by describing transgendered conditions and sets the stage for understanding the legal factors that a state could use to determine sex for purposes of marriage. It then provides a description of the recent cases involving transgendered marriages and exposes the conundrum that will develop as different states apply different rules to determine sex. It continues with an analysis of the full faith and credit implications of a state sanctioned amendment to the sex designated on a transsexual's birth certificate. Finally, it concludes that the current patchwork quilt approach to determining a person's legal sex, and consequently the validity of her marriage, raises full faith and credit issues that courts must fully address.
Soul and Psyche: A Critical Assessment

Wayne G. Rollins has been the key organizer of the Psychology and Biblical Studies program unit of the Society of Biblical Literature, where on numerous occasions I have observed the gentle kindness and buoyant enthusiasm with which he has hosted and moderated the meetings. I have also benefitted from personal and professional conversations with him. Consequently, it is an honor, and more than a little daunting, to respond to his book. Rollins has three goals for this volume: to provide a history of the discipline he calls psychological biblical criticism, to define this academic field, and to propose an agenda for this field as applied to biblical exegesis and hermeneutics. Rollins hopes for a rapprochement between the historical and psychological approaches to biblical studies.
Note concerning articulation of school-age stutterers.

The articulation of matched groups of kindergarten through ninth-grade stutterers and nonstutterers was assessed from tape-recorded speech samples. More of the stutterers than of the nonstutterers,...
What happens to glaucoma patients during sleep

Purpose of reviewTo summarize the findings of the recent reports on nighttime events that may lead to the development or progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.Recent findingsPeak intraocular pressure (IOP) likely occurs at night because of the head and body positions assumed during sleep. Sle
Fundamentals of XAFS

The basic physical principles of X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure (XAFS) are presented. XAFS is an element-specific spectroscopy in which measurements are made by tuning the X-ray energy at and above a selected core-level binding energy of a specified element. Although XAFS is a well-established technique providing reliable and useful information about the chemical and physical environment of the probe atom, its requirement of an energy-tunable X-ray source means it is primarily done with synchrotron radiation sources and so is somewhat less common than other spectroscopic analytical methods. XAFS spectra are especially sensitive to the oxidation state and coordination chemistry of the selected element. In addition, the extended oscillations of the XAFS spectra are sensitive to the distances, coordination number and species of the atoms immediately surrounding the selected element. This Extended X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS) is the main focus of this chapter. As it is element-specific, XAFS places few restrictions on the form of the sample, and can be used in a variety of systems and bulk physical environments, including crystals, glasses, liquids, and heterogeneous mixtures. Additionally, XAFS can often be done on low-concentration elements (typically down to a few ppm), and so has applications in a wide range of scientific fields, including chemistry, biology, catalysis research, material science, environmental science, and geology. Special attention in this chapter is given to the basic concepts used in analysis and modeling of EXAFS spectra. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is the modulation of an atom’s X-ray absorption probability at energies near and above the binding energy of a core-level electron of the atom. The XAFS is due to the chemical and physical state of the absorbing atom. XAFS spectra are especially sensitive to the formal oxidation state, coordination chemistry, and the distances, coordination number and species of the atoms immediately surrounding the selected …
Sandia non-fusion R&D supported by FES.

Until 2012, Sandia participated regularly in non-fusion R&D that was supported primarily through our collaborations with companies in the DOE program for Small Business Innovative Research but also in some work-for-others contracts. In this work, funds were recovered from collaborating institutions for the staff time and materials used, but FES had supported the facility itself and in doing so enabled the contributions to the non-fusion R&D below.
"Don't Try to Cover the Sky with Your Hands": Parents' Experiences with Prognosis Communication About Their Children with Advanced Cancer.

Abstract Background: Physicians worry that disclosure of prognostic information can be distressing and deprive families of hope. Retrospective studies have shown that prognostic disclosure does not abrogate hope, but prospective data are lacking. Objective: The study objective was to prospectively evaluate responses to prognosis communication among parents of children with advanced cancer. Design: For this qualitative study we audiotaped conversations between clinicians and parents of children with newly relapsed or refractory cancer, and then interviewed parents about experiences with prognosis communication. Parents were asked to reflect on physician statements about prognosis. Setting/subjects: Subjects were 32 pairs of parents and clinicians of children with relapsed or refractory cancer treated at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, Massachusetts. Results: Prognosis was discussed in 28/32 conversations (88%). Although most parents (N = 22, 69%) found prognosti...
Employees and sustainability: the role of incentives

Purpose – Organizational sustainability has become a priority on many corporate agendas. How to integrate sustainability efforts throughout the organization, however, remains a challenge. The purpose of this paper is to examine two factors that potentially enhance incentive effects on employee engagement in environmental objectives: explicit organizational values for sustainability and the performance objective’s complementarity with incented financial objectives. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employed a quasi-experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, including a status quo condition against which the treatments were contrasted. Participants (n=400) were comprised of a cross-section of US employees from a wide range of occupations and industries. A post hoc qualitative analysis provided additional insights. Findings – Incentive effects were enhanced (i.e. preference for the environmental objective was significantly higher) when the environmenta...
The effects of dexrabeprazole sodium on reflux esophagitis model of rats

Objective To investigate the protective effect of dexrabeprazole sodium on reflux esophagitis model of rats.Methods Reflux esophagitis induced by pylorus ligation was treated with dexrabeprazole sodium for injection by intravenous injection for one time. The esophagitis index and suppression rate,volume of gastric juice and activity of pepsin were determined. Results The esophagitis index,volume of gastric juice and activity of pepsin in rats pretreated with dexrabeprazole sodium( 4,2,1 mg · kg- 1,iv) were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion Dexrabeprazole sodium had a remarkable protective on reflux esophagitis model of rats.
Two Clovis Fluteld Points from Southern Arizona

Two Clovis fluted projectile points from southern Arizona were recently reported to the Arizona State Museum. These typical Clovis points are described and illustrated.
Opportunities for Enabling Puberty

Puberty marks the transition from adolescence to adulthood and refers to physical and psychological changes as a result of the changes in male or female hormonal milieu during this critical point in development. Puberty establishes the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, with the underlying goal of establishing reproductive maturity. Additionally, the transition through puberty solidifies development of hormone-responsive organ systems, such as neuronal, cardiovascular, and skeletal tissues. There are several ways in which this transition can be disrupted, including from naturally occurring mutations or from secondary effects of disease treatments that affect gonadal health or the health of other organs along this axis. This chapter will briefly describe the potential causes of delayed or failed puberty initiation and delve into the experimental paradigms undergoing investigation as a way to initiate puberty, restore fertility, and maintain endocrine support throughout a patient’s adult life.
Potential impact of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus on native northeast Pacific crabs

Asian shore crabs (Hemigrapsus sanguineus De Haan) are a dominant invasive species in the northwest Atlantic, where recent evidence suggests that they have been introduced multiple times from their native range of Japan and Korea. Despite favorable environmental conditions and a high level of shipping traffic across the Pacific, this crab has not become established in the northeast Pacific. This may be due to interactions with the native shore crab assemblage, which previous studies have found to outcompete juvenile H. sanguineus for shelter. The present study used a combination of feeding and behavioral experiments to quantify the feeding behavior of native crabs (Pachygrapsus crassipes, Hemigrapsus nudus, Hemigrapsus oregonensis) with and without the presence of H. sanguineus. H. sanguineus ate more than the native crabs combined at both 7 and 13 °C. Crabs in the mixed treatment which included all four species ate less than expected, indicating that at least one species reduced its feeding rate. However, time-lapse photography revealed similar amounts of time feeding in both treatments for all 4 species, suggesting that there were changes in feeding intensity when all crabs were together. The high feeding rates but lack of a competitive advantage for H. sanguineus make it an unlikely but potentially impactful invader in the northeast Pacific.
Climate change as a long-term stressor for the fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America

The Laurentian Great Lakes of North America provide valuable ecosystem services, including fisheries, to the surrounding population. Given the prevalence of other anthropogenic stressors that have historically affected the fisheries of the Great Lakes (e.g., eutrophication, invasive species, overfishing), climate change is often viewed as a long-term stressor and, subsequently, may not always be prioritized by managers and researchers. However, climate change has the potential to negatively affect fish and fisheries in the Great Lakes through its influence on habitat. In this paper, we (1) summarize projected changes in climate and fish habitat in the Great Lakes; (2) summarize fish responses to climate change in the Great Lakes; (3) describe key interactions between climate change and other stressors relevant to Great Lakes fish, and (4) summarize how climate change can be incorporated into fisheries management. In general, fish habitat is projected to be characterized by warmer temperatures throughout the water column, less ice cover, longer periods of stratification, and more frequent and widespread periods of bottom hypoxia in productive areas of the Great Lakes. Based solely on thermal habitat, fish populations theoretically could experience prolonged optimal growth environment within a changing climate, however, models that assess physical habitat influences at specific life stages convey a more complex picture. Looking at specific interactions with other stressors, climate change may exacerbate the negative impacts of both eutrophication and invasive species for fish habitat in the Great Lakes. Although expanding monitoring and research to consider climate change interactions with currently studied stressors, may offer managers the best opportunity to keep the valuable Great Lakes fisheries sustainable, this expansion is globally applicable for large lake ecosystem dealing with multiple stressors in the face of continued human-driven changes.
Imaging a soil fragipan using a high-frequency multi-channel analysis of surface wave method

Abstract The objective of this study was to noninvasively image fragipan layers using a high-frequency multi-channel analysis of surface wave (HF-MASW) method. The HF-MASW method is developed to measure the soil profile in terms of the shear wave velocity at depths up to a few meters in the vadose zone. The present MASW method uses an accelerometer as a vibration sensor to detect Rayleigh wave propagation generated by an electrodynamic shaker operating in a frequency-sweeping mode in three overlapped frequency bands. With the method, a subsurface image was obtained, i.e., the soil properties in terms of shear wave velocity of a vertical cross-section of the test site were measured, visualized, and evaluated. From the contrast of the image, the presence, depth, and extent of a fragipan were identified. The HF-MASW result was compared with field observations of a soil pit face and a 2-dimensional image obtained by penetration tests. They were in good agreement. The study demonstrated the capability of the HF-MASW technique for detection and imaging soil subsurface hard layers such as fragipan.
Abstract TP319: Racial and Gender Differences in Tissue Plasminogen Activase Metrics Over Telemedicine

Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated racial/ethnic and gender disparities in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management which persist after adjustment for measures of socioeconomic status. A...
Resistance of brain tumor cells to gamma knife radiosurgery

1461 Patients diagnosed with Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) are typically treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, glioblastoma cells are some of the most radioresistant known, and these tumors typically recur. Hypofractionation with gamma knife radiosurgery is widely used as treatment for recurrent GBM. We wished to develop a biologic dosimeter to model the response of cells from primary and recurrent GBM to single fraction high dose radiation. Paired cell lines from primary and recurrent GBMs were treated with 12 or 24Gy in single fractions at 80% confluence in gas-permeable cassettes. The Gamma Knife planning system was used to map isodose lines on the cassettes, and cell cultures were morphologically assessed for response. Cell survival increased at greater distances from the maximum dose point, as expected. Overall cell survival at different isodose lines varied between cell lines from different patients. Primary cell lines were generally more radiosensitive as demonstrated by the overall area of cell death surrounding the center of the treatment area. In addition, these cell lines produced fewer surviving colonies in the central high dose region, while their recurrent pairs were generally more radioresistant and produced more viable colonies within comparable dose regions. This suggests that cells from recurrent tumors are generally more radioresistant and may have a larger subpopulation of cells capable of withstanding high doses of radiation. Surviving colonies were isolated, grown, and retreated with the same radiation dose (12 or 24 Gy). These cells showed an overall lower level of resistance after being retreated, and fewer surviving colonies in the central high dose area. This suggested the absence of a subpopulation of highly resistant cells. In summary, a viable biologic dosimeter for assessment of radioresponse has been successfully created for the Gamma Knife. Radioresistance was different among GBM cells from different patients. Cells from tumors that recurred following standard radiation and chemotherapy showed increased radioresistance at the time of recurrence when compared to cells from the same patient’s primary, untreated tumor. However the finding that hypofractionated single high dose radiation treatment appears to re-sensitize the cells to repeat radiation is surprising, and is currently being analyzed. These studies may suggest new strategies in the treatment and management of GBM in vivo with radiosurgery. Molecular and genetic characterization of these cells is underway to characterize this interesting response. This work was funded by the Barrow Neurological Foundation Women9s Board.
An Innovative Model for Training Professionals in Human Sexuality

(1976). An Innovative Model for Training Professionals in Human Sexuality. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 49-52.
Regional sensing with an open-path dual comb spectroscopy and a UAS (Conference Presentation)

The output of a laser frequency comb is composed of 100,000+ perfectly spaced, discrete wavelength elements or comb teeth, that act as a massively parallel set of single frequency (CW) lasers with highly stable, well-known frequencies. In dual-comb spectroscopy, two such frequency combs are interfered on a single detector yielding absorption information for each individual comb tooth. This approach combines the strengths of both cw laser spectroscopy and broadband spectroscopy providing high spectral resolution and broad optical bandwidths, all with a single-mode, high-brightness laser beam and a simple, single photodetector, detection scheme. Here we show that this novel spectroscopy source can be employed for regional (~kilometer squared) monitoring using an array of stationed retros or in conjunction with an unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Both fixed and UAS systems combine the high-precision, multi-species detection capabilities of open-path DCS with the spatial scanning capabilities to enable spatial mapping of atmospheric gas concentrations. The DCS systems measure the atmospheric absorption over long, 100m to 1 km, open air paths with 0.007cm-1 resolution over 1.57 to 1.66 um, covering absorption bands of CO2, CH4, H2O and isotopologues.
THE GRIP OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE: READING UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ON HUMAN SECURITY

Discussions about human rights and security have become inextricably linked to concerns about sexual violence. Considering United Nations Security Council Resolutions on ‘human security’, along with related debates and media, this chapter situates the resolutions within three broad trends in human rights law and discourse: (1) increased attention to sexual violence, even as against gender-based violence against women; (2) increased reliance on criminal law to fight against impunity; and (3) celebrity calls for first-world solidarity with primarily third-world victims of human rights violations. Tracing the trajectory of the resolutions from concerns about violence against women in conflict to focused attention on sexual violence against all civilians, the chapter explores the consequences of this hyper-attention to sexual violence and critically interrogates settled assumptions about its harm.
Randomized controlled trial of a positive affect intervention for methamphetamine users.

Abstract Background Contingency management (CM) is an evidence-based intervention providing rewards in exchange for biomarkers that confirm abstinence from stimulants such as methamphetamine. We tested the efficacy of a positive affect intervention designed to boost the effectiveness of CM with HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men. Methods This attention-matched, randomized controlled trial of a positive affect intervention delivered during CM was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01926184). In total, 110 HIV-positive sexual minority men with biologically confirmed, recent methamphetamine use were enrolled. Five individual sessions of a positive affect intervention (n = 55) or an attention-control condition (n = 55) were delivered during three months of CM. Secondary outcomes examined over the 3-month intervention period included: 1) psychological processes relevant to affect regulation (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and mindfulness); 2) methamphetamine craving; 3) self-reported stimulant use (past 3 months); and 4) cumulative number of urine samples that were non-reactive for stimulants (i.e., methamphetamine and cocaine) during CM. Results Those randomized to the positive affect intervention reported significant increases in positive affect during individual sessions and increases in mindfulness over the 3-month intervention period. Intervention-related improvements in these psychological processes relevant to affect regulation were paralleled by concurrent decreases in methamphetamine craving and self-reported stimulant use over the 3-month intervention period. Conclusions Delivering a positive affect intervention may improve affect regulation as well as reduce methamphetamine craving and stimulant use during CM with HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men.