cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of anthropogenic global changes on immune functions and disease resistance

Humans are changing the environmental conditions of our planet, and animal immune functions are being affected by these modifications. For instance, a diversity of chemical contaminants is entering ecosystems and modifying immune functions directly or indirectly through altered host-parasite interactions. Also, global temperature changes have caused outbreaks of disease that have decimated and even extirpated some host species, outcomes partially driven via immune alterations. Finally, some invasive species are immunologically distinct or impose stress on native species, factors that may facilitate the establishment of nonnative hosts as well as parasite transmission to native species. Here, we summarize the known and likely effects of pollutants, nonnative species introductions, and increases in ambient temperature on host immune functions and infections. We then identify future directions for research given our sparse knowledge of immune variation in natural populations. In sum, we advocate integrative, multidisciplinary work at diverse spatial and temporal scales to assess and prevent anthropogenic global changes from further compromising animal immune functions.
Treatment of Retinoblastoma with Direct Opthalmic Artery Chemotherapy

Virtual CT Colonoscopy is safe, minimally invasive radiological procedure that examines the colon for precancerous polypsdperformed on patients who would not be able to, or choose not to receive conventional optical colonoscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a pre-recorded telephone line with the current standard of direct patient education with the nurse by telephone. After adjusting for age and gender, there was no evidence to indicate sigificant group difference in mean anxiety score as well as scores for patient satisfaction and compliance, demonstrating a comparable preference for personal contact with the nurse.
The Montgomery modular inverse-revisited

We modify an algorithm given by Kaliski to compute the Montgomery inverse of an integer modulo a prime number. We also give a new definition of the Montgomery inverse, and introduce efficient algorithms for computing the classical modular inverse, the Kaliski-Montgomery inverse, and the new Montgomery inverse. The proposed algorithms are suitable for software implementations on general-purpose microprocessors.
LEGOs® and legacies of centrioles and centrosomes.

Centriole construction, now revealed by crystallography, proteomics, and imaging to be a sophisticated assembly of interlocking bricks, resembles LEGOs—albeit centrioles have remarkable dynamic capabilities, including self‐assembly and dis‐assembly, kinases and post‐translational modifications, self‐replication, and still mysterious mechanisms for transmission through each cell cycle and via the gametes during development. Centrioles are created by core proteins that aggregate to form unique ninefold‐symmetrical paracrystalline cylinders. The centrosome then coalesces as a cloud of pericentriolar material (PCM) around the centriole. Together they comprise the cell's microtubule organizing center (MTOC), which governs the shape, functions, and dynamics of the cell's microtubule (MT) arrays. This includes the meiotic and mitotic spindle apparatus for chromosome segregation, the accuracy of which is crucial for avoiding aneuploidies and resulting cancer, birth defects, or infertility. Centrioles’ replication and transmission mechanisms—and reduplication blocks—across cell cycles and generations, are only now becoming tractable to molecular analysis, which allows research to address questions about spindle assembly with neither centrioles nor centrosomes or de novo centriole formation. Here we discuss the latest insights into centriole and centrosome assembly and function and their transgenerational inheritance.
Hematology of Experimental Acute Sarcocystis bovicanis Infection in Calves. I. Cellular and Serologic Changes

Of four Holstein-Friesian calves infected with 200,000 sporocysts of Sarcocystis bovicanis, three became ill and died on days 35, 55, and 59 of a 63-day experiment. No control calves became ill or died. Three of the four infected calves developed normocytic normochromic anemia with about a 50% decrease in hemoglobin concentration on days 25 through 35, and had hyperbilirubinemia from day 25 or 26 to death (day 35); this disappeared when the anemia stabilized in surviving calves. Packed cell volume increased slowly after day 35 in the surviving anemic calves. Indirect and direct Coombs' tests were negative throughout the experiment in the control and infected calves. A reduction in numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes paralleled the crisis of anemia in the infected calves. Serum antibody titers to S. bovicanis antigen were increased substantially in all infected calves 35 days or more after inoculation.
Migrainelike Headache in a Patient With a Hemorrhagic Pituitary Macroadenoma

A 23-year-old woman presented with a 4-day history of a severe migrainelike headache with a normal neurological examination. The headache resolved after a ketorolac injection, but recurred a few hours later. An MRI scan of the brain showed a hemorrhagic pituitary macroadenoma for which she underwent transsphenoidal removal of the tumor 1 month later. Although uncommon, pituitary hemorrhage with and without apoplexy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute headache. Pituitary hemorrhage can be routinely identified on an MRI scan even without pituitary views. However, the pathology can be overlooked and underimaged on a CT scan for acute headache using 10-mm and even 5-mm slices.
Wiki-enhanced social scribing of lectures: A case study in an undergraduate course

We document how Web 2.0 tools such as Wiki can be used to enhance peer to peer learning. As is commonly known, note-taking abilities vary among the students and that bad class notes exacerbates the problem of low comprehension or even wrong understanding of essential concepts. One tempting solution to address this is to hand out instructor notes/slides to the class or to assign students to scribe each lecture, which is then shared with the class, typically through a website. This only offers a partial solution to the problem as the quality of the scribing vary from student to student and the students are essentially given expression of others' understanding. We have found that the wiki is an excellent mechanism to engage the students in a participatory, socially networked, scribing of lectures, to result in a set of comprehensive notes that the whole class helped create. The set of notes generated is greater than the sum of the individual components, and represents the collective understanding of the class.
Editorial: Technische Allgemeinbildung – Bedeutungsspektrum, Bildungsstandards und Forschungsperspektiven

Im Bezugsfeld der wachsenden Bedeutung der allgemeinen technischen Grundbildung sind in den letzten Jahren verstarkt auch im gymnasialen Bildungssektor neue Facher wie Technik oder Naturwissenschaft und Technik entstanden. In fast allen Bundeslandern werden mittlerweile an allgemeinbildenden Gymnasien Facher mit einem allgemeinen technischen Bildungsangebot unterrichtet. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt, nach einem ersten Uberblick zum grundlegenden Bedeutungsspektrum der technischen Allgemeinbildung und einer Analyse nationaler und internationaler bildungspolitischer Dokumente zur Technikbildung, zentrale Forschungsperspektiven fur eine technische Grundbildung an allgemeinbildenden Gymnasien. Schlusselworter: Technische Allgemeinbildung, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Gymnasium, Fachdidaktik Technik, Bildungsstandards
Stability of Enzymes from Thermophilic Microorganisms

The objectives of this paper are to describe the unique properties of enzymes isolated from thermophilic microorganisms and to discuss some of the potential applications of these enzymes. Thermophilic microorganisms grow above 40° and can be assigned to one of three categories based on their temperature-related growth characteristics. The strict or obligate thermophiles exhibit optimum growth at or above 65°, but do not grow below 40°. Facultative thermophiles grow optimally between 50–65° and also grow at room temperature. The thermotolerant organisms grow with a temperature maximum between 45–50° and also grow at room temperature (1). Thermophilic microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature having been isolated from tap water, sea water, soils of various climates, vegetable mulch, food and feces, as well as hot springs.
Modeling of Coupled Axial and Torsional Motions of a Drilling System

During drilling operations, rock-bit interactions may cause a wide range of undesirable system vibrations. The induced vibrations subsequently reduce drilling efficiency and increase fatigue loads acting on drill bit. In this paper, a coupled torsional and axial drilling model is proposed. It can be used to predict the vibrations including bit bounce and stick-slip. Instead of using finite element (FEM) approach, the drill pipe is accurately modeled based on wave propagation theory. This results in time-delay equations in time domain and significantly reduces the computational complexity associated with FEM. The axial and torsional motions are coupled by bit-rock interactions. Different rock-bit interaction conditions are considered based on bit rotation and contact with formation. Simulations are conducted using the proposed model to analyze the impact of different applied weights on bit and surface rotary speeds on the system vibrations. This information provides insights into optimization of drilling operation.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
'Evaluate Me!': Conflicted Thoughts on Gatekeeping in Legal Scholarship's New Age

This short contribution to the Connecticut Law Review's new online supplement, CONNtemplations, offers some thoughts on status and gatekeeping in the online age of legal scholarship. Bloggers, SSRN, and online law review supplements like this one have increasingly routed around and weakened, if not undermined, the traditional gatekeepers who certified legal scholars and their scholarship. Is this a good thing? The paper proceeds by examining this question in light of a pair of opposing views and values. The first is Julius Getman's discussion of the eternal tension between elitism and egalitarianism in the life of the scholar. The second is a pair of comments on the role of blogs and other online media in legal scholarship - a positive and optimistic comment by Larry Solum, and a more pessimistic and critical view presented by Brian Leiter. Ultimately, I tend to agree with Solum's optimistic view: the online age has provided new thinkers and writers with multiple routes around the old gatekeepers, and this development should be welcomed. At the same time, I suggest candidly that many legal scholars who have benefited from blogs and other online media (including myself) have used those new media to seek certification and enhanced status from the same traditional gatekeepers that we have criticized. In Getman's terms, we have talked egalitarianism and done elitism. The old tension continues. I link this tension to a variety of broader phenomena: the insecurity of the legal academic, the legal academy's increasing fixation with rankings, and the economy of prestige.
Citation Scores for Ancient Historians in the United States

This survey of citation scores provides a rough measure of the relative impact of scholarship published by forty-eight leading ancient historians in the United States.
The Use of a Comprehensive Marketing Plan to Attract Foreign Investment to the Carribean Basin

The Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) has received much criticism in the past due to a lack of immediate growth in the quantity of exported products from eligible countries. As a result of this criticism, the potential benefits of this program have been seriously questioned. This paper seeks to lend support for the CBI. We specifically contend that through the use of national policies that capitalize on the benefits of the CBI will the level of economic development in eligible countries actually improve. It is, therefore, the purpose of this paper to support the attraction of foreign capital via the preferential benefits available through the CBI. It is only through this long term strategy that the CBI will prove useful in sustaining economic growth of participating countries.
A Review of Communication, Driver Characteristics, and Controls Aspects of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) systems have the potential to increase traffic throughput by allowing smaller headway between vehicles and moving vehicles safely in a platoon at a harmonized speed. CACC systems have been attracting significant attention from both academia and industry since connectivity between vehicles will become mandatory for new vehicles in the USA in the near future. In this paper, we review three basic and important aspects of CACC systems: communications, driver characteristics, and controls to identify the most challenging issues for their real-world deployment. Different routing protocols that support the data communication requirements between vehicles in the CACC platoon are reviewed. Promising and suitable protocols are identified. Driver characteristics related issues, such as how to keep drivers engaged in driving tasks during CACC operations, are discussed. To achieve mass acceptance, the control design needs to depict real-world traffic variability such as communication effects, driver behavior, and traffic composition. Thus, this paper also discusses the issues that existing CACC control modules face when considering close to ideal driving conditions.
The role of supply management resilience in attaining ambidexterity: a dynamic capabilities approach

– This study aims to explore the necessary role of supply management (SM) resilience capabilities in making effective trade-offs to attain an ambidextrous state, i.e. the state of attaining exploitation and exploration with dexterity, or achieving high levels of both. Sustainability requires effective trade-offs among economic, environmental and social outcomes while maintaining the longevity of the buying firm. Existing literature highlights the difficulty of making effective trade-offs due to likely tensions between divergent demands, i.e. tensions between exploitative and explorative performance goals. , – This conceptual study extends insights from the dynamic capabilities approach to explore the nature of SM resilience and its role in attaining ambidexterity. , – This study proposes SM resilience as a multifaceted dynamic capability that is determined by two contrasting aspects of stability (engineering and ecological resilience) that aid the buyer’s firm to ambidextrously adapt and transform in turbulent environments. , – The study highlights the competencies and resilience capabilities that managers need to develop and maintain in pursuing an effective balance of exploitation and exploration in SM. , – The proposed framework extends existing SM sustainability frameworks by examining the nature and dimensionality of resilience and linking it to ambidexterity. The proposed framework provides a platform for the integration of theoretical aspects from various research streams; socio-ecological literature, dynamic capabilities and organizational ambidexterity.
Determination of AlGaN/GaN HFET Electric Fields using Electroreflectance

A contacted electroreflectance technique was used to characterize the electronic properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs). By studying variations in the electroreflectance with applied electric field, spectral features associated with the AlGaN barrier, the 2-dimensional electron gas at the interface, and bulk GaN were observed. Barrier-layer composition and electric field were determined from the AlGaN Franz-Keldysh oscillations. Comparing HFETs grown on SiC and sapphire substrates, the measured AlGaN polarization electric field (0.25±0.05 MV/cm) approached that predicted by a standard model (0.33 MV/cm) for the higher mobility HFET grown on SiC.
UAH Sounding Rocket Project with Guided Parafoil Recovery

Researchers at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) are investigating the operation of a guided parafoil for active descent control of payloads. To support the research, a graduate propulsion class (MAE 640) at UAH has engineered, tested, and delivered a solid rocket launch vehicle. The vehicle design was investigated from multiple directions. The approach included having the students work as an integrated product team, perform laboratory measurements, calibrate internal ballistics and trajectory models, and perform a flight demonstration of the system. The sounding rocket project with guided parafoil recovery proved to be an effective way to combine academic challenges in the classroom environment with research activities in the UAH Laboratories. The results are embodied is a 6 degree of freedom model that included a transient internal ballistics model. Laboratory exmerimental and flight data are compared with the models. The rocket successfully deplayed the parafol at an altititude of about 2000 ft. and was guided by radio back to a landing.
Temporal coding of contrast in primary visual cortex: when, what, and why.

How do neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) encode the contrast of a visual stimulus? In this paper, the information that V1 responses convey about the contrast of static visual stimuli is exp...
Passerine response to roads associated with natural gas extraction in a sagebrush steppe habitat

Natural gas extraction and field development are pervasive throughout the sagebrush steppe of Wyoming. We conducted this study to determine how roads associated with natural gas extraction affect the distribution of breeding songbirds in sagebrush steppe habitat. The study encompassed dirt and paved roads in the Jonah Field II and Pinedale Anticline Project Area in Sublette County, Wyoming. Sites are dominated by Wyoming big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ), and common passerines include sagebrush obligates: Brewer's Sparrows ( Spizella breweri ), Sage Sparrows ( Amphispiza belli ), and Sage Thrashers ( Oreoscoptes montanus ); and non-obligates: Horned Larks ( Eremophila alpestris ) and Vesper Sparrows ( Pooecetes gramineus ). Species relative density was measured using 50-m-radius point counts during spring 1999 and 2000. Four roads with low traffic volumes (700-10 vehicles per day) were surveyed and point counts were centered at variable distances from the road surface such that relative densities were measured 0-600 m from the road's edge. Density of sagebrush obligates, particularly Brewer's and Sage Sparrow, was reduced by 39%-60% within a 100-m buffer around dirt roads with low traffic volumes (700-10 vehicles per day). While a 39%-60% reduction in sagebrush obligates within 100 m of a single road may not be biologically significant, the density of roads created during natural gas development and extraction compounds the effect, and the area of impact can be substantial. Traffic volume alone may not sufficiently explain observed declines adjacent to roads, and sagebrush obligates may also be responding to edge effects, habitat fragmentation, and increases in other passerine species along road corridors. Therefore, declines may persist after traffic associated with extraction subsides and perhaps until roads are fully reclaimed.
Die allgemeine Gleichung 2. Grades mit zwei Variablen

In den bisherigen Entwicklungen hatte der Kegelschnitt immer eine besondere Lage gegenuber dem Koordinatensystem. Wurden wir mit irgendeiner der besprochenen Gleichungen eine Transformation ausfuhren, indem wir das Koordinatensystem parallel verschieben und drehen, so wurde der Grad der Gleichung nicht verandert; denn durch den Ersatz von x und y durch die in § 19 abgeleiteten Ausdrucke entstehen aus Gliedern, die mit x 2, x y oder y 2 behaftet sind, wieder nur Ausdrucke vom 2. Grade in den neuen Variablen. Wenn man in einer transformierten Gleichung alle Glieder mit den gleichen Potenzen zusammenfast, so erhalt man eine Gleichung von der Form $$f\left( {x;y} \right) \equiv A{x^2} + Bxy + C{y^2} + Dx + Ey + F = 0$$ (1) .
Community-based tele-health systems for persons with diabetes: Development of an outcomes model

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the perceptions of persons with diabetes regarding participation in a tele-health program. We conducted three focus groups among diabetics who had used a monitoring and messaging device (MMD), a commonly used tele-health care system. Analysis involved open and axial coding to identify major themes and relationships. Results suggest that these systems enhance communication, care-manager relationships, self-discipline, and clinical follow-up. The results suggest mechanisms by which tele-health systems influence the health care system and point to areas for further tele-health development.
The robustness of midlatitude weather pattern changes due to arctic sea ice loss

AbstractThe significance and robustness of the link between Arctic sea ice loss and changes in midlatitude weather patterns is investigated through a series of model simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5.3, with systematically perturbed sea ice cover in the Arctic. Using a large ensemble of 10 sea ice scenarios and 550 simulations, it is found that prescribed Arctic sea ice anomalies produce statistically significant changes for certain metrics of the midlatitude circulation but not for others. Furthermore, the significant midlatitude circulation changes do not scale linearly with the sea ice anomalies and are not present in all scenarios, indicating that the remote atmospheric response to reduced Arctic sea ice can be statistically significant under certain conditions but is generally nonrobust. Shifts in the Northern Hemisphere polar jet stream and changes in the meridional extent of upper-level large-scale waves due to the sea ice perturbations are generally small and not clearly d...
Tailoring the Electronic Structure of Covalently Functionalized Germanane via the Interplay of Ligand Strain and Electronegativity

The covalent functionalization of 2D crystals is an emerging route for tailoring the electronic structure and generating novel phenomena. Understanding the influence of ligand chemistry will enable the rational tailoring of their properties. Through the synthesis of numerous ligand-functionalized germanane crystals, we establish the role of ligand size and electronegativity on functionalization density, framework structure, and electronic structure. Nearly uniform termination only occurs with small ligands. Ligands that are too sterically bulky will lead to partial hydrogen termination of the framework. With a homogeneous distribution of different ligands, the band gaps and Raman shifts are dictated by their relative stoichiometry in a pseudolinear fashion similar to Vegard’s law. Larger and more electronegative ligands expand the germanane framework, thereby lowering the band gap and Raman shift. Simply by changing the identity of the organic ligand, the band gap can be tuned by ∼15%, highlighting the po...
Analyzing War Powers After 9/11

In this essay, I use the perspective advanced in my book Long Wars and the Constitution to analyze some of the war powers issues that have arisen since the 9/11 attacks. I first discuss the constitutionality of the Obama Administration’s military operation against ISIS. In addition, I consider to what extent the Obama Administration’s approach was different from that taken by the Bush Administration with respect to the “9/11 War.” Finally, I offer some general thoughts on the proper way to analyze checks and balances with respect to war powers in a post-9/11 world.
Quantifying sustainable strategies for the construction of highway pavements in Illinois

Abstract The environmental and economic burdens of various pavement construction strategies are evaluated in this study. A partial life-cycle approach was used to determine the environmental and economic benefits of asphalt concrete and Portland concrete mix designs as well as pavement-related pay items. Approximately 920 designs were assessed to determine the upstream energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) of producing these mixes. In general, it was found that transportation hauling distances as well as asphalt binder type and production imposed the greatest variability on the environmental and economic costs of the mixes. In many cases, these variabilities were seen to reduce some of the benefits from using increased recycled content. A similar analysis was performed for pay items where it was found that the contribution of environmental and economic impacts to a project followed a trend with upper pavement layers having the greatest impact, followed by subsequently lower layers, and finally earth exaction and preparation. A cost effectiveness (CE) analysis was then conducted for 18 sustainable strategies, the majority of which had, on average, cost savings as well as environmental savings for both energy and GWP at the mix design level. Overall, this study systematically used common reference units (i.e., mix designs and pay items) from the industry to assess general trends, inconsistencies, and implications from using sustainable strategies in pavement construction.
A Predicted Structure of the Angiomotin Lipid Binding Domain

Amots are a family of adapter proteins that modulate cellular polarity, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Amot family members also have a characteristic lipid-binding domain, the coiled coil homology (ACCH) Domain that selectively targets the protein to membranes, which has been directly linked to its regulatory role in the cell. Therefore, we endeavored to understand the structure-function relationship of this domain with the desire to find ways to modulate these signaling pathways. After many failed attempts to crystallize the ACCH domain of each of the Amot family members for structural analysis, we decided to pursue homologous models that could be refined using small angle x-ray scattering data. Theoretical models were produced using the Zhang suite programs I-TASSER and LOMETS and then refined and analyzed using Coot and PyMol modeling software based on RMSD, C-score, TM-score, and template redundancy. Top models were then compared to SAXS data for further model selection and refinement. As a result, we present a theoretical model of the domain that is driven by alpha helices and short random coil regions. These alpha helical regions form a classic dimer interface followed by two wide spread legs that we predict to be the lipid binding interface. Finally, we validate the model presented with several lipid binding assays, which leads to a suggested mechanism that links ACCH lipid binding, membrane deformation, and vesicle fusion functions.
Three- Versus Five-Fraction Regimens of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Peripheral Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Two-Institution Propensity Score–Matched Analysis

Abstract Purpose To evaluate differences in outcomes of early-stage peripheral non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with either 3- or 5-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) at 2 institutions. Patients and Methods Patients diagnosed with peripherally located early-stage NSCLC who received either a median dose of 60 Gy (interquartile range [IQR], 60-60, biologically effective dose, 151-151) in 3 fractions or a median dose of 50 Gy (IQR, 50-50, biologically effective dose, 94-94) in 5 fractions were included in this study. All data were retrospectively collected and reviewed in an institutional review board–approved database. Results A total of 192 lesions in 192 patients were identified: 94 received 3-fraction SBRT and 98 received 5-fraction SBRT. Patients in the 5-fraction cohort had significantly smaller tumors ( P = .0021). Larger tumor size was associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.40, P = .0013) for all patients. A single grade 3 toxicity was reported in each cohort. A propensity score–matched cohort of 94 patients was constructed with a median follow-up of 29.3 months (IQR, 17.3-44.6) for the 3-fraction cohort and 31.0 months (IQR, 17.0-48.5) for the 5-fraction cohort ( P = .84). There were no statistically significant differences between these 2 cohorts in overall survival ( P = .33), progression-free survival ( P = .40), local failure ( P = .86), and nodal or distant failure ( P = .57) at 2 years. Conclusion The 3- and 5-fraction SBRT regimens for early-stage peripheral NSCLC had comparable clinical outcomes. Both regimens were well tolerated. A large tumor size was an adverse prognostic factor for worse survival.
Remission is good - relapse is bad.

The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease (MRD), or perhaps ‘measurable’ residual disease,[1][1] is well-established acute and chronic leukemia.[2][2],[3][3] The vast effort of European investigators in standardizing MRD assessment by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow
Sensitivity Studies on the Role of the Ocean in Climate Change

A number of numerical experiments has been carried out simulating several hundreds of years of time evolution of the seasonally forced North Atlantic Ocean circulation. These experiments make use of the GFDL primitive equation model with 30 vertical levels and 1.0° × 1.2° horizontal resolution. The nature of the heat flux forcing and the importance of the implied evaporation minus precipitation (salinity) forcing will be described and the consequent meridional overturning circulation and related heat and fresh water transports examined. Speculation about the stability of the thermohaline circulation to realistic boundary forcing will be made. Finally, the role of seasonal thermohaline forcing at the sea surface (and improvements in its representation) and the role of the open boundaries (the boundary conditions at 65° N and 15° S) in determining these mass and heat transports by the North Atlantic circulation will be described.
Depresión en la mujer

Resumen La enfermedad cardiovascular y la depresion son enfermedades comunes que estan asociadas con pobre calidad de vida y alta mortalidad. Esa comorbilidad parece ser amplificada en la mujer ademas de compartir una relacion bidireccional entre ellas. Este articulo explora la literatura cientifica y los posibles mecanismos biologicos y de comportamiento que explican esta relacion. Adicionalmente, este presenta los esfuerzos actuales para prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar la depresion. Hay modelos diferentes de tratamiento que incluyen psicoterapia, antidepresivos y cuidado integrado de colaboracion.
End-of-Life Care and Cancer: Psychosocial Needs of Patients and the Bereaved

End-of-life (EOL) care is an essential component of cancer care for patients, their caregivers, and families. This chapter approaches EOL care from a psychosocial perspective, providing an overview of EOL care needs, followed by a description of assessment and intervention strategies, with particular focus on legacy-building and meaning-making. It also describes assessment and intervention approaches for individuals bereaved by cancer. While the focus of the chapter is primarily on care of adults, the unique support needs of parents and their children at EOL and during bereavement are also discussed. The chapter concludes with reflections on the state of EOL and bereavement care and recommendations for improving services.
Characteristics of the Pathogenic Prokaryotes

Bacteria share the common characteristic of being prokaryotic (proto = primitive, karyos = nucleus). Prokaryotes, preceding the evolution of eukaryotic cells by two billion years, are single-celled organisms that have developed a diverse array of life forms that dominate our planet (Mathieu and Sonea, 1995). Unlike eukaryotic organisms, prokaryotes lack a defined nucleus. The genetic information of bacteria, approximately a thousand times less than in eukaryotic cells, is contained within a single, covalently closed, double-stranded (ds) DNA molecule, which is not partitioned from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. In addition to chromosomal DNA, bacteria also possess small, self-replicating DNA molecules termed plasmids or prophages. Additional structural and biochemical properties distinguish prokaryotes from eukaryotes (Table 5–1; see Chapter 8). Prokaryotes lack the cytoskeletal elements (microtubules) and membrane-associated organelles (Golgi, mitochondria or chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum) which are characteristic of eukaryotic cells (Fig. 5–1). Ribosomes of prokaryotes are of the 7OS type (except Archaeobacteria), whereas eukaryotic cells possess the 8OS type. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission and do not require the spindle formation characteristic of the eukaryotic mitotic cell division. The majority of bacteria possess a rigid cell wall, which is chemically distinct from the cell walls found in certain eukaryotic cells.
Spectral characterizations of anti-regular graphs

Abstract We study the eigenvalues of the unique connected anti-regular graph A n . Using Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind, we obtain a trigonometric equation whose roots are the eigenvalues and perform elementary analysis to obtain an almost complete characterization of the eigenvalues. In particular, we show that the interval Ω = [ − 1 − 2 2 , − 1 + 2 2 ] contains only the trivial eigenvalues λ = − 1 or λ = 0 , and any closed interval strictly larger than Ω will contain eigenvalues of A n for all n sufficiently large. We also obtain bounds for the maximum and minimum eigenvalues, and for all other eigenvalues we obtain interval bounds that improve as n increases. Moreover, our approach reveals a more complete picture of the bipartite character of the eigenvalues of A n , namely, as n increases the eigenvalues are (approximately) symmetric about the number − 1 2 . We also obtain an asymptotic distribution of the eigenvalues as n → ∞ . Finally, the relationship between the eigenvalues of A n and the eigenvalues of a general threshold graph is discussed.
Recruitment, enrollment & data collection with victims of elder abuse and neglect identified from police incident reports

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the success of researcher-generated recruitment, enrollment, data collection, and safety protocols for field research with victims of elder abuse and neglect (EAN) iden...
Looking back, looking forward: a dialogue on “The imperative of racial rhetorical criticism”

In preparation for the special panel at RSA, a number of things in Lisa Flores’s article spurred our thinking and discussion.1 Although we began communicating over email, corroborating overarching ...
Preoperative Comorbidities and Postoperative Complications Do Not Influence Patient-Reported Satisfaction Following Humeral Head Resurfacing: Mid- to Long-term Follow-up of 106 Patients.

BackgroundHumeral head resurfacing (HHR) has emerged as an alternative treatment for glenohumeral osteoarthritis. We investigated the outcomes of HHR using validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) ...
Ultra-low dose PET reconstruction using generative adversarial network with feature matching (Conference Presentation)

Purpose: Our goal is to synthesize high quality and accurate Amyloid PET images with only ultra-low-dose PET images as input by using Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). Methods: 40 patients’ PET data was acquired with the injection of 330±30 MBq amyloid radiotracer 18F-florbetaben. The raw list mode PET data was reconstructed as the standard-dose ground truth and was randomly undersampled by a factor of 100 to reconstruct 1% low-dose PET scans. 32 volumes were used for training and the other 8 for testing. A 2D encoder-decoder network was implemented as the generator to synthesize a standard-dose image and a CNN based discriminator network was used to evaluate them. The two networks contested with each other to achieve accurate synthesis of standard-dose PET images with high visual quality from ultra-low-dose PET. Multi-slice input is used to reduce noise by providing the network with 2.5D information. Feature matching was applied to reduce the hallucinate structure. The image quality was evaluated by peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), mean square error (MSE), frequency domain blur measure (FBM) and edge blur measure (EBM) metrics. Results: The synthesized PET images showed remarkable improvement on all quality metric compared with the low-dose images. Comparing with the state-of-art method, adversarial learning is essential to ensure image quality and mitigate the blurring in the generated image. Multi-slice input reduced random noise and feature matching suppressed the hallucinate structure. Conclusion: Standard-dose Amyloid PET images can be synthesized from ultra-low-dose image by GAN. Applying adversarial learning, multi-slice input and feature matching technique are essential to ensure image quality.
Fire and Ice: Reframing Emotion and Cognition in the Law

Recent advances in neuroscience have shown that cognition and emotion often work interdependently, operating as if emerging from a single faucet. This means that the stereotypes of a divided “ice cold cognition” and “hot fire emotion” are overly simplistic and inaccurate. The outdated but influential Langdellian approach to law, lawyering and legal education still places cognitive legal reasoning as the centerpiece. Instead, the cognition-emotion conceptualization should be revised so that positive emotion is expressly accepted, used, and managed within legal systems. Students and lawyers should be taught how to successfully feel and act like lawyers, as well as think like them.
Pediatric Care in the Era of the DRG: Who Are the Winners? Who Are the Losers?

Both public and private regulatory programs have demonstrated an intense interest in the need to curb increasing hospital costs, related in part to the fact that health care expenditures now approximate 12% of the gross national product. Recent innovations attempting to curb health care expenditures include the development of prospective pricing systems. These were first proposed in 1975, and with various modifications they continue to the present.1–10 The initial proposals were developed by investigators at Yale University/New Haven Hospital based on community hospital data that were later incorporated into a prospective payment plan utilized in the state of New Jersey. Under this prospective pricing system, hospitals were paid a fixed amount per discharge as dictated by the patient’s diagnosis rather than the number of days of hospitalization and/or specific hospital services that were utilized.
Research and Hypothesis Testing: Moving from Theory to Experiment

In this chapter, we discuss the theoretical foundation for research and why theory is important for conducting experiments. We begin with a brief discussion of theory and its role in research. Next, we address the relationship between theory and hypotheses and distinguish between research questions and hypotheses. We then discuss theoretical constructs and how operational definitions make the constructs measurable. Next, we address the experiment and its role in establishing a plan to test the hypothesis. Finally, we offer an example from the literature of an experiment grounded in theory, the hypothesis that was tested, and the conclusions the authors were able to draw based on the hypothesis. We conclude by emphasizing that theory development and refinement does not result from a single experiment, but instead requires a process of research that takes time and commitment.
Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

The evaluation of a patient with known or suspected cardiovascular disease begins with their medical history and a targeted physical examination as well as basic ancillary studies that are sufficient for the physician to understand the aetiology of any chest pain. A history and symptoms of angina are important in order to determine which tools should be used for diagnosis and treatment. This chapter describes the major signs and symptoms associated with cardiac disease. The probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) by age, gender and symptoms are described along with the different types of angina. Invasive and noninvasive techniques that successfully diagnose cardiac disease are also discussed briefly in this chapter. It also includes a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chest pain according to various clinical guidelines. It also lists the established and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic coronary arterial disease.
Coupled fish-hydrogeomorphic responses to urbanization in streams of Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Despite a developing literature on urban streams, few studies have addressed the timing and mechanisms of urban-induced stream hydrogeomorphic adjustment on biotic assemblages. Here, we investigated the relationships between urbanization-driven annual changes in fluvial geomorphic characteristics and fish assemblages in 12 headwater streams in the Columbus Metropolitan Area (CMA), Ohio (USA) over 3–5 years. Multiple stream hydrogeomorphic characteristics changed over time including slope (0.1% decrease on average), discharge (39% decrease), and shear stress (29% decrease), some in concert with one another (e.g., slope and shear stress). Species-specific fish associations with hydrogeomorphic associations varied in nature and strength by year and thus were somewhat equivocal. At the assemblage level, we observed a negative relationship between D50 (median sediment particle size) and % tolerant individuals as well as a positive trend between incision ratio and % generalists over study years. Study reaches with higher total catchment imperviousness were associated with both finer median sediment size (R2 = 0.19) and lower assemblage diversity (R2 = 0.55). These results contribute to current understanding of the drivers of fish assemblages in urbanizing catchments, and point to urban-induced hydrogeomorphic alterations as one mechanism through which land-use changes influence in-channel characteristics important to aquatic biota.
First Reported Case of Localized Extra-pulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma (EPSC) of the Esophagus Treated With Triple Therapy.

Background/aim Early stage extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSC) of the esophagus is very rare and is usually treated with chemo-radiation or surgical resection. Case report A case of early stage small cell carcinoma of the esophagus that was treated with all three current modalities of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. To our best knowledge this is the first case treated with triple therapy. The patient is a 64-year-old male with increasing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. EGD biopsy of the mass showed small cell carcinoma. Metastatic work up was negative. Patient was treated with 6 cycles of a platinum-based agents and Etoposide along with radiation. Patient underwent distal esophagectomy. Patient is alive without evidence of recurrent disease at 20 months follow up. Conclusion Currently there are no definite treatment recommendations, but we present a possible future option with good outcomes in patients who can tolerate triple therapy.
Probable neurosarcoidosis presenting as acute on chronic otorrhoea: a difficult diagnosis.

An elderly African American woman presented to our clinic following 9 months of right-sided unilateral headache, otorrhoea and progressive hearing loss. Despite treatment with topical and oral antibiotics, her clinical condition worsened, and imaging showed mastoid coalescence with an associated subgaleal abscess. She underwent right mastoidectomy and was discharged 3 days later on broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics despite negative operative cultures. Six weeks later, she was hospitalised with diplopia secondary to a right lateral rectus palsy. Imaging showed abscess resolution but progressive bony remodelling and enhancement of the lateral extending into anterior skull base. Chest CT demonstrated upper lobe predominant pulmonary micronodules, and mastoid biopsy on revision surgery was notable for non-caseating granulomas. Further extensive work-up could not identify an alternative cause, and a presumptive diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis was made. The patient was initiated on intravenous steroids, experienced symptomatic improvement and was thereafter transitioned to oral steroid taper on discharge.
Business Not as Usual - Covid-19 Vaccination in Persons with Substance Use Disorders.

Business Not as Usual Persons with substance use disorders — particularly those in living conditions that increase Covid risk — should be prioritized to receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and vaccine-rol...
Increased Q-factor increases medial compartment knee joint contact force during cycling.

Abstract As Q-Factor (QF: inter-pedal distance) is increased, the internal knee abduction moment (KAbM) also increases, however it is unknown if this increased KAbM is associated with increased medial compartment knee joint contact force in cycling. In the absence of in vivo measurement, musculoskeletal modeling simulations may provide a viable option for estimating knee joint contact forces in cycling. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing QF on knee joint total (TCF), and medial (MCF) compartment contact force during ergometer cycling. The secondary purpose was to evaluate whether KAbM and knee extension moment are accurate predictors of MCF in cycling. Musculoskeletal simulations were performed to estimate TCF and MCF for sixteen participants cycling at an original QF (150 mm), and wide QF (276 mm), at 80 W and 80 rotations per minute. Paired samples t-tests were used to detect differences between QF conditions. MCF increased significantly, however, TCF did not change at wide QF. Peak knee extensor muscle force did not change at wide QF. Peak knee flexor muscle force was significantly reduced with wide QF. Regression analyses showed KAbM and knee extension moments explained 87.4% of the variance in MCF when considered alongside QF. The increase of MCF may be attributed to increased frontal-plane pedal reaction force moment arm. Future research may seek to implement QF modulation as a part of rehabilitation or training procedures utilizing cycling in cases where medial compartment joint loading is of importance.