cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Significance of K-Ar Ages of Tertiary Rocks from the Lake Mead Region, Nevada-Arizona

K-Ar ages for 43 igneous and tuffaceous rocks of the Lake Mead region, Nevada-Arizona, are reasonably consistent with mapped stratigraphic and structural relations. They serve to establish age ranges for episodes of Miocene and Pliocene volcanism, plutonism, and tectonism in the region. The late Tertiary geology of the northwestern part of the region contrasts sharply with that of the southeastern part. The northwestern part was characterized by active sedimentation in local basins followed by intense disruption by normal and transcurrent faults. The southeastern part was characterized by brief episodes of overlapping volcanism, plutonism, extreme tensional rifting, followed by severe local uplift. Although diverse in style, the tectonism of the two areas appears to have been largely synchronous. The synchronous character of the brief igneous and tectonic processes suggests strong genetic ties between them. The southeastern part of the region may be a volcanic rift zone that originated as a zone of tension near the end of a major transcurrent fault—the Las Vegas shear zone.
Excitatory transmitters, ventral root potentials and [K+]o in the isolated frog leg-spinal cord preparation

Abstract Motoneuron depolarizations and changes in [K + ] o were studied in the isolated frog spinal cord in response to non-nociceptive (touch/pressure) and nociceptive (acetic acid, heat, pinch) stimulation of the skin of the leg. Kynurenate, APV ( d (−)-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate), and 1.0 mM Mg 2+ blocked or substantially reduced responses produced by all types of stimuli. Spantide was minimally effective in reducing nociceptive responses and had insignificant effects on responses to innocuous stimuli. These observations are consistent with the notion that excitatory amino acids activating both N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors participate in the reflex responses to cutaneous stimuli in the frog spinal cord.
Trace element variation during fractional crystallization as calculated from the distribution law

Assuming that the distribution law is valid under the P-T-X conditions concerned, a general outline is given of the distribution of trace elements between several phases formed in a crystallizing magma. The variation in the distribution coefficients with temperature and chemical composition is discussed. It is shown that extreme care must be taken when distribution coefficients are determined by a study of naturally occurring rocks and that a determination may, in many cases, be impossible.
The axenic cultivation of Rhabditis briggsae Dougherty and Nigon, 1949 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae). II. Some sources and characteristics of “factor Rb”

Abstract 1. 1. A heat-labile, proteinlike substance (or group of substances) required by the nematode Rhabditis briggsae for growth and reproduction under axenic conditions is here shown to be non-dialyzable and to be precipitated by ammonium sulfate “salting-out”. This has been called factor Rb. 2. 2. It is provided in chick embryo juice (CEJ), either fresh or lyophilized, in aqueous liver extract (LE) sterilized either by a procedure involving mixing with toluene followed by lyophilization or by ultra-filtration, and at least partly in human whole blood and plasma. The best sources are fresh or lyophilized CEJ and a LE fraction. 3. 3. Factor Rb activity follows that part (fraction I) of LE precipitated out up to 75% saturation with ammonium sulfate buffered at pH 7.O. It is not contained in the unprecipitated part (fraction II). 4. 4. Fraction I supplementing the clear amber fluid (ALH) produced by autoclaving liver homogenate (i.e., poured off from the heat-precipitated protein) provides a much better medium than one comprised of fraction I supplementing the Kidder-Dewey Tetrahymena (K-D) medium. It compares favorably with media consistng of CEJ and the K-D ingredients. 5. 5. The relation of factor Rb to heat-labile requirements in other nematodes and in Paramecium multimicronucleatum is briefly discussed. 6. 6. Studies are now under way on the further fractionation of LE and the definition of the essential ingredients in ALH.
Stability and bifurcation analysis for oscillators with motion limiting constraints

Abstract The stability and bifurcation analysis is presented for a class of non-linear single-degree-of-freedom vibrating systems, excited by harmonic forcing. The common characteristic of these systems is that their damping and stiffness parameters can change abruptly at certain displacement values. The most general n-periodic steady state solutions with an arbitrary number of contacts per response cycle are analyzed. It is shown that, when the damping is positive, the change of stability of the steady state response cannot happen through a Hopf bifurcation.
The 1990s: Gender differences in parenting roles

Seventy European American families with 6-month-old infants participated in this investigation of current parenting roles. Parental reports and observations revealed that mothers were more involved with the infants and fathers were employed outside the home more hours per week than mothers. Both parents rated the mother as a better caretaker of the infant than the father. The mother rated the father's caretaking abilities higher than he rated himself. In concordance with previous research, maternal concerns about separations related to employment were found to be influenced by maternal employment factors. Paternal concerns about separations related to employment were also influenced by maternal employment factors. Changes in parenting roles were discussed.
Resisting compliance in the multicultural classroom

This study extended the compliance resisting and power in the classroom literatures by examining compliance resisting in the multicultural classroom. The effects of grade level, teacher liking, influence strategy type, and cultural orientation were assessed via self‐report (N= 420 ethnically diverse school children). Students reported more resistance with increasing age, and ratings of refusal and comparison strategies increased with grade level. Reported resistance, refusals, and comparison resistance strategies were rated as less likely in response to a liked teacher and in response to prosocial strategies. Collectivist orientation was negatively correlated with reported resistance, refusals, and comparison resistance strategies.
Self-image excitation mechanism for fast ions scattered by metal surfaces at grazing incidence

Energy-loss spectra and electronic-transition probabilities of atomic and molecular ions scattered by surface plasmons are evaluated for experiments in which fast ions are specularly reflected from a metal surface at grazing incidence. The coupling between plasmons and the ion monopole charge governs the scattered-ion loss spectrum. For ion velocities not small compared to plasmon phase velocities and for small grazing angles, large numbers of surface plasmons may be excited, resulting in large average energy losses and broad loss spectra, as observed experimentally. Further, the interaction between the ion multipole moments with the surface plasmons induces transitions between ground and excited states of the ions. For molecular ions this may result in their dissociation when the state produced is unstable. The final electronic states populated by the plasmon scattering mechanism are shown to exhibit a high degree of orientation, as required by the observation of elliptically polarized fluorescence emitted by the scattered beam. As applications, we calculate explicitly the dissociative scattering of H/sup +//sub 2/ and the production of coherently oriented 2P states in He/sup +/ and compare with available experimental results.
Werner Syndrome and Biological Ageing: A Molecular Genetic Hypothesis

Werner syndrome (WS) is an inherited disorder that produces somatic stunting, premature ageing and early onset of degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Cultured fibroblasts derived from subjects with WS are found to undergo premature replicative senescence and thus provide a cellular model system to study the disorder. Recently, several overexpressed gene sequences isolated from a WS fibroblast cDNA library have been shown to possess the capacity to inhibit DNA synthesis and disrupt many normal biochemical processes. Because a similar constellation of genes is overexpressed in WS and senescent normal fibroblasts, these data suggest the existence of a common molecular genetic pathway for replicative senescence in both types of cell. We propose that the primary defect in WS is a mutation in a gene for a trans-acting repressor protein that reduces its binding affinity for shared regulatory regions of several genes, including those that encode inhibitors of DNA synthesis (IDS). The mutant WS repressor triggers a sequence of premature expression of IDS and other genes, with resulting inhibition of DNA synthesis and early cellular senescence, events which occur much later in normal cells.
Short and long-term effects of a substantial change in cage size on individually housed, adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract We investigated the effects of a six-fold increase in cage size on the behaviour of individually housed male rhesus monkeys. Limitations of previous studies included the magnitude of change in cage size, the length of the observation period, and the potential confounds of relocation. Prior to this study, eight male monkeys were individually housed in pens (6.77 m3) for varying lengths of time before moving to baboon cages (1.24 m3) located within their pens. After 2 years in baboon cages, monkeys were returned to their pen environment (6.77 m3). Monkeys were observed for forty 5 min observation periods representing four phases: short (first 4 months) and long-term (after 23 months) exposure to the baboon cage followed by short (first month) and long-term (after 8 months) exposure to the pen environment. Contrary to expectations, general activity decreased and abnormal behaviour remained unchanged when the monkeys were returned to their pens. However, tension-related behaviour decreased significantly with exposure to a larger cage. The results of this study suggest that cage size does not have a detectable impact on habitual kinds of abnormal behaviour but may significantly affect the level of tension.
IRIS: A program for the next decade

The Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Consortium has produced an ambitious plan for new seismological research facilities to be developed during the coming decade. The plan reflects a broad consensus among seismologists in this country with respect to both the need for improved data and the potential for significant scientific advances that can occur as a result. The three elements of this program are a 100-station broadband global network utilizing satellite telemetry, a 1000-station portable network of advanced digital seismographs, and a national center for management and distribution of the data generated by these networks to the research community. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the long-range plan and an update as to the progress made to date.
Facts from feces revisited

Obtaining information on wild mammal populations has been a long-standing logistical problem. However, an array of non-invasive techniques is available, including recently developed molecular genetic techniques for the analysis of feces (molecular scatology). A battery of non-invasive, molecular approaches can be used on feces, which in conjunction with conventional analysis are potentially useful for assesing genetic structure, demography and life history of mammals. Several technical problems reman before large-scale studies of feces can be undertaken productively, but already studies are providing insight into population subdivision, food habits, reproduction, sex ratio and parasitology of free-ranging populations.
Characterization of the oxygen scavenging capacity and kinetics of SBS films

Abstract Butadiene-containing polymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymers are of a potential use as oxygen scavenging polymers (OSP) in barrier applications. To evaluate their use in such applications, oxygen uptake was measured for films made of an SBS copolymer and four cobalt catalyst loadings with various thicknesses. The oxygen uptake was found to be kinetically limited for thin films while diffusion controls the uptake at long times for thick films. The thickness of the oxidized region at long oxidation times is termed the critical thickness L c and was quantified by various analyses. Thin films (i.e., L ≤ 2 L c ) oxidize fully and homogeneously, whereas heterogeneous oxidation typically occurs in thicker films (i.e., L > 2 L c ). A thin film model was used to extract the reaction rate parameters and a stoichiometric oxidation coefficient that describe oxygen uptake in the absence of diffusion limitation. An approximate moving-boundary model was developed to describe thick film oxidation behavior at long times and was found to be in semi-quantitation agreement with the measured uptake.
Business Improvement Districts in Urban Governance A Longitudinal Case Study

Using a longitudinal case study, we analyzed the centralities and roles of the actors in an urban governance network. The results of our network text analyses and social network analyses of newspap...
Thermal Characterization of Package-on-Package (PoP) Configuration through Modeling

PoP, Package-on-Package, becomes more and more popular in IC packaging industry because it provides a practical solution to reduce the footprint and enables separate package test before stacking them. It is widely accepted at mobile devices, especially for logic (bottom) plus memory (top) application. Meanwhile there are several technical challenges such as top to bottom package connection problem caused by warpage, fine pitch package stack issue due to bottom package mold height and worse thermal performance than that of a single stacked package. While many studies have been conducted on warpage and new type PoP for fine pitch interconnection, there is few existing study on the thermal performance of PoP. This paper investigates thermal characteristic of PoP, especially on the thermal interactions between bottom and top packages. CFD models are established to study such interactions. It is found that bottom package usually with a higher power logic die inside has great impact on the thermal budget of top package, which is usually a stacked memory package. Normal JEDEC junction to air (thetasja) or junction to board (thetasjb) thermal resistance cannot clearly describe the PoP thermal performance since the heat distribution between top and bottom package will greatly affect the results. A thermal resistance network is proposed to better represent the performance and can also give a quick estimation of junction temperature for simple calculation. The present paper then uses some fixed power of bottom and top package to evaluate different options of improving the thermal performance.
Factorization and bounded approximate identities for a class of convolution Banach algebras

An algebra A factors if, for each a ∈ A , there exist b, c ∈ A with a = bc . A bounded approximate identity for a Banach algebra A is a net ( e α ) ⊂ A such that ae α → a and e α a → a for each a ∈ A and such that sup ‖ e α ‖ 2 , 11.10] that if A has a bounded approximate identity, then A factors. But a Banach algebra may factor even if it does not have a bounded approximate identity: an example which is non-commutative and separable, and an example which is commutative and nonseparable, are given in [ 3 , §22]. However, we do not know an example of a commutative, separable Banach algebra which factors, but which does not have a bounded approximate identity. See 4 for related work.
Metrics, Metrics, Metrics, Part 2: Universal Metrics?

A previous article in this department from 2008 introduced the topic of measures and metrics. The focus of that essay was on measurement of the "negative hedonics" of work-the frustrations, uncertainties, mistrust, and automation surprises caused by poorly designed technology that is not human-centered. This second article focuses on the concept of "metrics" and issues related to it. Following a discussion of relevant issues, we present an immodestly bold proposal for a set of universal metrics.
Using electrostatic self-assembled gradient nanosensor phantoms for calibration of an optical intrinsic signal imaging system

Wide-field optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging has been used in functional cortex mapping for its excellent spatial resolution. To compensate for its low temporal resolution, extrinsic dye signals have been introduced. Fluorescence spectroscopy in the form of nanoengineered sensors has also been used to detect biochemical signals of molecular interactions. In this paper, oxygen-sensitive dye Ru(dpp)/sub 3//sup 2+/ was immobilized into nano-sized spheres by electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly, and then deposited on glass slides as intensity gradients. By comparing gradient ratios and ratios of function dye Ru(dpp)/sub 3//sup 2+/ and reference dye between epi-fluorescence microscope and an OIS imaging system, the feasibility and efficiency of nano-sized oxygen sensors in OIS imaging were studied.
Tissue Eosinophilia as an Indicator of Drug‐Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis: A Clinicopathologic Investigation

Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) may be idiopathic, drug-induced, related to infection, or may occur in patients with autoimmune disorders. Our objective was to determine whether tissue eosinophilia is a reliable indicator of a drug-induced etiology in the setting of LCV. Thorough chart investigation of 63 patients with LCV was performed with division of patients into drug-induced and non-drug-induced groups. Corresponding histopathologic material was reviewed by a dermatopathologist blinded to the etiologic associations.Â An eosinophil score was tabulated by averaging the number of eosinophils in 10 high-power fields (400x) and dividing by the density of inflammation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxin rank sums test. Mean eosinophil scores in the drug-induced (n = 16) and non-drug-induced (n = 47) groups were 5.20 and 1.05 respectively (p = 0.0126). Vascular fibrin deposition and epidermal changes were present in both groups. Clinical evidence of systemic vasculitis was present in 6%(1/16) of the drug-induced group vs. 38%(18/47) of the non-drug-induced cases. This study establishes tissue eosinophilia as a reliable indicator of drug induction in the setting of LCV. Furthermore, this information may be useful for guiding management decisions, especially in settings of unclear etiology.
Plasma profiling determinants of matrix homeostasis in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVE: Dilated cardiomyopathy is an important cause of cardiac failure in both children and adults, but is more progressive in children. In adult dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular remodelling is associated with changes in the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase changes in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy have not been examined. This study developed a low blood volume, high-sensitivity assay to test the hypothesis that unique and differential plasma matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase profile exist in patients with paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS/RESULTS: A systemic blood sample (1 millilitre) was obtained from seven children aged 8 plus or minus 7 years with dilated cardiomyopathy and 26 age-matched normal volunteers. Using a high-throughput multiplex suspension immunoassay, plasma levels were quantified for collagenases (matrix metalloproteinase-8), gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9), lysins (matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -7), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -4. The matrix metalloproteinase to tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ratios were also calculated. The plasma matrix metalloproteinase-2, -7, -8, and -9 levels were increased by greater than twofold in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy than normal patients (with p less than 0.05). Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy also had significantly higher tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -4 (298% and 230%; with p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These unique findings show that a specific plasma matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase profile occurs in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy when compared to the cases of normal children. These distinct differences in the determinants of myocardial matrix structure and function may contribute to the natural history of dilated cardiomyopathy in children and may provide a novel biomarker platform in paediatric dilated cardiomyopathy.
Ultralow noise, etalon stabilized, 10 GHz optical frequency comb based on a Slab-Coupled Waveguide Amplifier

A 10 GHz mode-locked laser based on a Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Amplifier with an intra-cavity etalon is presented. The timing jitter is ∼2.3 fs (10 Hz to 100 MHz), the lowest reported to our knowledge.
Solar urticaria: Case report and phototesting with lasers☆☆☆★

Abstract Solar urticaria (SU) is a rare photosensitivity disease characterized by itching, erythema, and whealing immediately after exposure to sunlight or artificial radiation. A 28-year-old female whose history was strongly suggestive of SU, but who failed to demonstrate any photosensitivity on standard light testing with a slide projector as well as UVA and UVB broadband bulbs, developed urtication when provoked with the argon-pumped dye laser at 610 nm, 650 nm, and 690 nm. Lasers may be useful tools in performing visible phototesting, especially at longer wavelengths, in patients with SU because they are powerful and efficient, whereas slide projectors have relatively little emission toward the red wavelengths and consequently may fail to evoke an urticarial response in patients, such as ours, with high-threshold, red light–induced SU. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:341-3.)
Prognostic significance of lymph node metastases and ratio in esophageal cancer.

Background The incidence of carcinoma of the distal esophagus and GE junction is rapidly increasing. A large single-center experience was reviewed to determine the impact of lymph node positivity and ratio on survival. Methods All patients undergoing esophagogastrectomy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between January 1994 and December 2004 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-rank and Cox proportional hazard models, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Of 173 patients with invasive cancer, 123 (71%) underwent preoperative chemoradiation therapy. The largest number of patients (45%) had adenocarcinoma of the GE junction; 29% of patients had esophageal adenocarcinoma while 14% had squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. Perioperative mortality was 5.7%. Median overall survival of the entire group was 22 months and 5-year overall survival was 27%. The most significant prognostic factor for overall survival was the presence of positive LN ( P = 0.01). Additionally, patients with zero involved LN had a 5-year survival of 34%, while patients with 1 to 3 positive LN and >3 positive LN had 5-year survival of 27% and 9%, respectively ( P = 0.01). Finally, an increasing ratio of positive to examined LN was linearly associated with a worsening 5-year survival, ( P = 0.153). Conclusions Increasing number of positive LN in patients with esophageal cancer and increasing ratio of metastatic to examined LN portend a poor prognosis. These factors should play an important role in determining which patients receive adjuvant therapy.
Verification and Validation of a Safety-Critical Steer-By-Wire System Using DO-178B

The application of DO-178B for the verification and validation of the safety-critical aspects of a steer-by-wire sub-system of a vehicle by using a spiral development model is discussed. The project was performed within a capstone design course at Kettering University. Issues including lessons learned regarding requirements, specifications, testing, verification, and validation activities as required by DO-178B are summarized.
Multivariate discrimination and the Higgs+W/Z search

A systematic method for optimizing multivariate discriminants is developed and applied to the important example of a light Higgs boson search at the Tevatron and the LHC. The Significance Improvement Characteristic (SIC), defined as the signal efficiency of a cut or multivariate discriminant divided by the square root of the background efficiency, is shown to be an extremely powerful visualization tool. SIC curves demonstrate numerical instabilities in the multivariate discriminants, show convergence as the number of variables is increased, and display the sensitivity to the optimal cut values. For our application, we concentrate on Higgs boson production in association with a W or Z boson with \( H \to b\bar{b} \) and compare to the irreducible standard model background, \( {{Z} \left/ {W} \right.} + b\bar{b} \). We explore thousands of experimentally motivated, physically motivated, and unmotivated single variable discriminants. Along with the standard kinematic variables, a number of new ones, such as twist, are described which should have applicability to many processes. We find that some single variables, such as the pull angle, are weak discriminants, but when combined with others they provide important marginal improvement. We also find that multiple Higgs boson-candidate mass measures, such as from mild and aggressively trimmed jets, when combined may provide additional discriminating power. Comparing the significance improvement from our variables to those used in recent CDF and DO searches, we find that a 10-20% improvement in significance against \( {{Z} \left/ {W} \right.} + b\bar{b} \) is possible. Our analysis also suggests that the H + W/Z channel with \( H \to b\bar{b} \) is also viable at the LHC, without requiring a hard cut on the W/Z transverse momentum.
Theoretical modeling of microfabricated beams with elastically restrained supports

A mathematical model is developed to analyze the mechanical behavior of step-up supports which typically result from surface micromachining. This model accounts for the finite stiffness of the step-up support, which is more accurately represented by an elastically restrained boundary condition rather than a fixed or built-in boundary condition. Based on the model developed, the deflection of cantilever and doubly-supported beams under arbitrarily located concentrated and distributed loads is determined for a wide range of beam geometries. In addition, the buckling load of doubly-supported beams with elastically restrained boundary conditions is analyzed. Finite element analysis verifies the accuracy of the models developed. The models show that significant error in predicting the beam mechanical behavior may result if the finite stiffness of the step-up support is not correctly modeled. >
Ion Beam-Induced Amorphization of (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 Olivine Series: An In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study

Effects of ion beam irradiation of five members of the (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 olivine series, from synthetic pure fayalite (Fe2SiO4) to naturally occurring (Mg0.88Fe0.12)2SiO4, have been studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under 1.5 MeV Kr+ ion room temperature irradiations, all of the samples have been amorphized. The critical amorphization dose or the total collision energy loss required for amorphization increased rapidly with the increasing Mg:Fe ratio which coincides with an increasing melting temperature (bond strength) and an increasing average bond ionicity. A 400 keV He+ ion irradiation of (Mg0.88Fe0.12)2-SiO4, which mainly results in ionization energy loss in the sample, did not cause amorphization even at a much higher dose rate and a much higher final dose. This indicates nuclear interactions (collisions) are primarily responsible for ion beam induced amorphization. Also, high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images of the defect structure at a low ion dose have been obtained and compared with the displacement cascade structure generated by computer modelling.
Plasma, membrane receptors regulating myometrial contractility and their hormonal modulation.

Virtually all hormones, neurohormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, drugs, and other ligands initiate their biological effects by binding to specific receptors. Myometrial function is regulated by intracellular steroid receptors that exert long-term responses at the genomic level and plasma membrane receptors that elicit rapid responses. At the organ level, functional complexity derives from the existence of paracrine routes of regulation by substances generated in adjacent tissues. Myometrial cells can be influenced in this way by compounds having receptors on endometrial/deci dual cells, endothelial cells, mast cells, or resident macrophages.
Importance of small micropores in CO2 capture by phenolic resin-based activated carbon spheres

Phenolic resin-based carbon spheres obtained by a slightly modified Stober method are shown to be superior CO2 adsorbents. A direct KOH activation of polymeric spheres gave carbons with small micropores (<0.8 nm) and large specific surface area (2400 m2 g−1), which are able to adsorb an unprecedented amount of CO2 (up to 8.9 mmol g−1) at 0 °C and ambient pressure.
PLASMA MEMBRANE AND INTERNALIZED IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF LYMPH NODE CELLS STUDIED WITH CONJUGATES OF ANTIBODY OR ITS FAB FRAGMENTS WITH HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE

Normal rat and mouse lymphoid cells were incubated at 0°–4°C for 1 h with purified rabbit or sheep antirat (mouse) immunoglobulin (Ig)-horseradish peroxidase (PO) conjugates or with Fab fragments of antibody coupled with peroxidase. Cells were subsequently washed and incubated in fresh medium, without labeled antibody or Fab fragments for 5–30 min at 20° or 37°C. With the use of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) method, distribution of peroxidase was studied in the light and electron microscopes. Fab fragments of antirat Ig antibody were iodinated with 125I and subsequently coupled with horseradish PO. Plasma membrane and internalized immunoglobulins were detected by electron microscope autoradiography and peroxidase cytochemistry. Single- (Fab-PO), and double- ([125I]Fab-PO) labeled lymphoid cells showed identical patterns of surface or internal distribution of immunoglobulins. In the electron microscope, Fab-PO conjugates at 0°–4°C resulted in a diffuse specific staining of the plasmalemma of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Most of the small dark lymphocytes (T cells?) did not show plasma membrane Ig. Macrophages did not show plasmalemma staining, but displayed nonspecific cytoplasmic staining after incubation at 20° or 37°C with antibody or Fab-PO conjugates. Lymphocytes and plasma cells, after incubation with antibody-PO conjugates at 0°–4°C, had patchy deposits of oxidized DAB on their plasma membranes. Macrophages, similarly treated, had no plasmalemmal staining. Patch and cap formation on the plasma membrane of lymphocytes and plasma cells was seen regularly after antibody-PO incubation at 37°C. Internalization patterns were different in lymphocytes and plasma cells. In lymphocytes, peroxidase staining was observed in small round or oval vesicles clustered at one pole of the cell (30 min at 37°C). In plasma cells, peroxidase staining was seen in clusters of tubules resembling the Golgi apparatus. Internalization of plasma membrane IgG was less pronounced after antibody-PO labeling as compared to Fab-PO labeling.
Changes in submersed aquatic vegetation affect predation risk of a common prey fish Lucania parva (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae) in a spring‐fed coastal river

Predation risk can impact population dynamics and ecosystem structure. Changes in key habitats, such as shifts between types of submersed aquatic vegetation, may affect predation risks experienced by certain organisms that use vegetation as a predation refuge. Relative predation risks experienced by Lucania parva (Baird & Girard) were assessed among three habitats in a Florida coastal stream using tethering experiments. Relative predation risks were highest in bare substrate, intermediate in a rooted macrophyte, Vallisneria americana Michx, and lowest in filamentous macroalgae. These results suggest that L. parva predation risk may decline following shifts from macrophytes to filamentous macroalgae, potentially leading to increased L. parva population size. These findings counter a widely held perception that such habitat shifts yield exclusively negative faunal effects, and are useful for assessing implications of habitat change and guiding restoration activities.
Pulsed field magnetization in rare-earth kagome systems.

The rare-earth kagome systems R 3Ga5SiO14 (R = Nd or Pr) exhibit cooperative paramagnetism at low temperatures. Evidence for correlated spin clusters in these weakly frustrated systems has previously been obtained from neutron scattering and from ESR and NMR results. The present pulsed field (0–60 T, 25 ms) magnetization measurements made on single crystals of Nd3Ga5SiO14 (NGS) and Pr3Ga5SiO14 (PGS) at temperatures down to 450 mK have revealed striking differences in the magnetic responses of the two materials. For NGS the magnetization shows a low field plateau, saturation in high transient fields, and significant hysteresis while the PGS magnetization does not saturate in transient fields up to 60 T and shows no hysteresis or plateaus. Nd3+ is a Kramers ion while Pr3+ is a non-Kramers ion and the crystal field effects are quite different in the two systems. For the conditions used in the experiments the magnetization behavior is not in agreement with Heisenberg model predictions for kagome systems in which easy-axis anisotropy is much larger than the exchange coupling. The extremely slow spin dynamics found below 4 K in NGS is, however, consistent with the model for Kramers ions and provides a basis for explaining the pulsed field magnetization features.
Fractional Polya Integral Inequality

Here we establish a fractional Polya type integral inequality with the help of generalised right and left fractional derivatives.
Large-scale educational assessment as policy research: Aspirations and limitations

Critical features important for transforming large-scale educational assessment into effective policy research are examined. These include a developmental orientation to time-ordered data, empirically-grounded construct interpretations of measures and relationships, speculative inquiry into the role of diverse contributing factors, and appraisal of alternative perspectives on both the questions and the findings.
National Variability and Appropriateness of Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis in US Children’s Hospitals

Importance Appropriate use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) reduces surgical site infection rates, but prior data suggest variability in use patterns. Objective To assess national variability and appropriateness of AP in pediatric surgical patients. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of 31 freestanding children’s hospitals in the United States using administrative data from 2010-2013. The study included 603 734 children younger than 18 years who underwent one of the 45 most commonly performed operations. Exposures Receipt of surgical AP. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included procedure- and hospital-specific rates of AP use and appropriateness of use based on clinical guidelines and consensus statements. We also assessed rates of Clostridium difficile infection and potential allergic reactions (using epinephrine administration as a surrogate event) after AP receipt. Results Of the 603 734 eligible patients, the mean (SD) patient age was 4.8 (4.4) years and 384 571 (63.7%) were boys. For the 671 255 operations evaluated, AP was administered for 348 119 (52%) of procedures. Intrahospital variation in AP use by procedure ranged from 11.5% to 100% (median, 78.1%). Overall, AP use was considered appropriate for 64.6% of cases. Appropriate use of AP by hospital varied from 47.3% to 84.4% with large variability by procedure within each hospital. For procedures for which AP was indicated, the median rate of appropriate use by hospital was 93.8%; however, for procedures for which AP was not indicated, the median rate of appropriate use by hospital was 52.0%. The odds of C difficile infection and epinephrine administration were significantly higher among children who received AP (odds ratio, 3.34; 95% CI, 1.66-6.73 and odds ratio 1.97; 95% CI, 1.92-2.02; respectively). Conclusions and Relevance There is substantial national variability in the overall and appropriate use of AP for the most commonly performed operations in children both at a procedure and hospital level. A high proportion of AP use is inappropriate, potentially exposing many children to avoidable adverse events. Urgent attention should be directed to efforts to standardize the use of surgical AP in pediatrics.
Modification of hemi-Fontan operation for patients with functional single ventricle and anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior vena cava: mid-term results.

Objectives Fontan candidates with mixed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection often have postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction after cavopulmonary anastomosis. Because some pulmonary venous obstructions have no intimal hypertrophy at reoperation, we considered such pulmonary venous obstructions to be caused by 3D deformities arising from dissection or mobilization of the vessels, and hypothesized that keeping the pulmonary venous branches in a natural position could avoid such obstruction. Here, we evaluated a modified hemi-Fontan strategy consisting of minimal dissection with no division of vessels and patch separation between systemic and pulmonary venous flow. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of infants with a functional single ventricle and supracardiac anomalous pulmonary venous connection who had undergone this procedure between 2002 and 2012. Results Nine infants underwent this procedure (median age, 5.6 months; range 3.2-30), all with right atrial isomerism and several pulmonary venous branches directly and separately connecting to the superior vena cava. In 5 patients, all pulmonary veins drained into the superior vena cava; in 1, the right pulmonary veins drained into the superior vena cava and in 3, a pulmonary venous branch drained into the superior vena cava. The median follow-up was 6.9 years (0.8-13 years). Three patients underwent reoperation for postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction caused by intimal hypertrophy; however, we confirmed no pulmonary venous obstruction caused by 3D deformities on the pulmonary venous branches connecting separately to the superior vena cava. Although 2 patients were effectively relieved from pulmonary venous obstruction, 1 died due to recurrent pulmonary venous obstruction. There was no late death and no sinus-node dysfunction. Eight patients underwent successful Fontan operation and catheterization. The median interval from the Fontan operation to the latest catheterization was 3.7 years (0.9-3.7 years). The median arterial oxygen saturation was 94% (91-97%) and the central venous pressure was 12 mmHg (8-14 mmHg); no deficiency of pulmonary arteries and veins was noted. Conclusions For patients with functional single ventricle and anomalous pulmonary venous connections to the superior vena cava, our novel strategy of second-stage palliation could avoid postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction caused by 3D deformities, but may not eliminate pulmonary venous obstruction caused by intimal hypertrophy.
Uncertainty Quantification in Land Surface Hydrologic Modeling: Toward an Integrated Variational Data Assimilation Framework

Variational data assimilation (VDA) is an effective technique for the estimation of land surface heat fluxes. In this method, sequences of remotely sensed land surface temperature measurements are assimilated into a dynamic surface energy balance model to estimate the key unknown parameters of the turbulent heat fluxes. Despite the advantages of the VDA technique in the retrieval of land surface heat fluxes, it suffers from a key limitation, which is its tendency to be ill posed. Moreover, unlike ensemble-based schemes, the VDA method itself does not provide estimates of the predictive uncertainty of estimated parameters and, thus, retrieved fluxes. This research addresses these shortcomings by proposing an uncertainty quantification (UQ) framework for the VDA technique. The proposed framework utilizes uncertainty analysis and analysis of error covariance approximation as a tool to quantify the uncertainty of estimated parameters and to guide the formulation of a well-posed estimation problem. It provides a calibration-free tool to assess the performance of the VDA technique in retrieving land surface heat fluxes over a range of land surfaces and climatic conditions. The UQ framework suggests that the VDA approach performs poorly over wet and highly vegetated land surface regions and when the difference between land surface and air temperature is low. Moreover, it reveals that characterizing the effect of vegetation dynamics on the bulk heat transfer coefficient reduces the correlation between unknown parameters and, hence, leads to a more robust estimation of parameters.
Current Problems and Solutions of the Direct Network Report System of Occupational Diseases

[Objective]To identifiy issues of the direct network report(DNR) system of occupational diseases and provide possible solutions.[Methods]All of the legal occupational disease reporting agencies in the period of 2007-2009 were selected. Information on occupational disease reporting via the DNR system,verification,and quality control were collected.Validity,integrity and timeliness of the reporting cards were also evaluated.[Results]All of the 8 866 reports in five categories were reviewed. The quality of the occupational diseases reporting was the best of all.Problems were found in validity,integrity and timeliness. Other issues related to the configuration and the management of the reporting software were noticed also.[Conclusion]This study suggested that the DNR system should be improved in terms of the software interface and the reporting management in order to improve the quality of reporting data and working efficiency.
Prostacyclin synthesis and stimulation of cyclic AMP production in ovine fetal vasculature : heterogeneity in pulmonary and systemic arteries

Prostacyclin (PGI2) is an important local mediator of vasomotor tone in the fetus and newborn, acting via stimulation of cAMP production by vascular smooth muscle (VSM) adenylate cyclase. In this investigation PGI2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis and stimulation of cAMP production were compared in vitro in ovine fetal pulmonary versus systemic (mesenteric) arteries. PGI2 synthesis was similar in the pulmonary and systemic arteries (2.4 +/- 0.2 and 2.6 +/- 0.3 ng/mg protein.h, respectively), as was PGE2 synthesis (1.9 +/- 0.2 and 1.5 +/- 0.2 ng/mg protein.h, respectively); synthesis was greater for PGI2 versus PGE2 in both artery types. 65-71% of PGI2 synthesis and 51-59% of PGE2 synthesis occurred in the endothelium. Basal (nonstimulated) cAMP production was fully attenuated by indomethacin, indicating that it is mediated exclusively by endogenous PG. Basal cAMP production was 3.8-fold less in pulmonary versus systemic arteries, and this was related to a 9.7-fold difference in responsiveness to PG. A 14.7-fold difference in the response to forskolin indicates that underlying mechanism may be a disparity in the quantity and/or function of the adenylate cyclase enzyme complex. Thus, prostacyclin and PGE2 synthesis are comparable in ovine fetal pulmonary versus systemic arteries, but the cAMP response to the prostanoids is markedly greater in the latter artery type due to differences in the activation of adenylate cyclase. This heterogeneity in VSM intracellular signalling may contribute to differential vasomotor tone and responses in the fetal pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Notes on a New Coherence Estimator

This document discusses some interesting features of the new coherence estimator in [1] . The estimator is d erived from a slightly different viewpoint. We discuss a few properties of the estimator, including presenting the probability density function of the denominator of the new estimator , which is a new feature of this estimator . Finally, we present an appr oximate equation for analysis of the sensitivity of the estimator to the knowledge of the noise value. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of this report is the result of an unfunded research and development activity. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi - program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE - AC04 - 94AL85000.
Response to Comment on Muraki et al. Potato Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three Prospective Cohort Studies. Diabetes Care 2016;39:376-384.

Dr. Bossi (1) raised an interesting point that the acrylamide content of french fries and potato chips may contribute to the positive associations between the intake of these foods and an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) or gestational diabetes mellitus. Highly processed foods such as french fries and potato chips contain both nutrients intrinsic to the raw foods and ingredients added or generated during processing/cooking. In this regard, trans fat is …
Cancer Genetics and Molecular Oncology

Cancer is a genetic disease, but there are many different types of genetic changes found within a cancer cell. The study of relatively rare cancer predisposition disorders has provided crucial insights into basic mechanisms of cellular physiology and tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we review different mechanisms that result in an inherited predisposition to cancer, including chromosomal disorders, defects in imprinted genes, mutations in tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, and mutations in DNA repair genes. This research is now being accelerated through the Human Genome Project and high throughput analysis of the genetic changes found in cancer cells.
Device Circuit Co Design of FEFET Based Logic for Low Voltage Processors

Ferroelectric FETs (FEFETs) are emerging devices with potential for low power applications. The unique feature which makes these devices suitable for ultra-low voltage operation is the steep slope achieved by negative capacitance of the ferroelectric oxide based gate stack. This property is being actively explored to overcome the fundamental 60 mV/decade sub threshold swing limit associated with conventional MOSFETs. In this paper, we focus on the circuit implications of the steep slope behavior of the FEFETs. We analyze the characteristics of FEFETs to get insights into their performance, and show both higher ON current and higher gate capacitance compared to standard transistors. We design and simulate a ring oscillator and a Kogge Stone adder using FEFET devices and evaluate the impact of ferroelectric layer thickness on the performance. Our analysis shows that FEFET based circuits consume lower energy compared to CMOS circuits at VDD