cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diminished performance on neuropsychological testing in late life depression is correlated with microstructural white matter abnormalities.

Background Traditional T2 weighted MR imaging results are non-specific for the extent of underlying white matter structural abnormalities present in late life depression (LLD). Diffusion tensor imaging provides a unique opportunity to investigate the extent and nature of structural injury, but has been limited by examining only a subset of regions of interest (ROI) and by confounds common to the study of an elderly population, including comorbid vascular pathology. Furthermore, comprehensive correlation of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements, including axial and radial diffusivity measurements, has not been demonstrated in the late life depression population.
Non-atherosclerotic multiple coronary artery aneurysms

A 52-year-old man underwent two-dimensional echocardiogram which showed moderate to severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and dilated ascending aorta. CT angiography (CTA) showed dilated ascending aorta (5 cm) and transoesophageal echocardiogram revealed bicuspid aortic valve. He underwent cardiac catheterisation which revealed triple vessel aneurysmal disease of the left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary artery. The patient underwent aortic graft placement for ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic valve replacement with a Saint Jude valve for severe AR. There was no history or stigmata of Kawasaki disease and workup for coronary artery aneurysm including vasculitis and connective tissue disorders was negative. Histopathology did not reveal evidence of active aortitis or dissection. His aneurysms are being observed by a yearly coronary CTA. We present a rare case of multiple coronary artery aneurysms associated with bicuspid aortic valve and ascending aortic aneurysm.
Thermal transport: Cool electronics.

Although heat removal in electronics at room temperature is typically governed by a hierarchy of conduction and convection phenomena, heat dissipation in cryogenic electronics can face a fundamental limit analogous to that of black-body emission of electromagnetic radiation.
Electrochemical fluorination of methanedisulfonyl fluoride

Abstract The electrochemical fluorination of methanedisulfonyl fluoride in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to produce difluoromethanedisulfonyl fluoride, a precursor of difluoromethane disulfonic acid, was investigated. This study was carried out in a microprocessor-aided modified Simons' reactor system at constant anodic potential using a Cu/CuF 2 reference electrode. Product yields of 75–82%, current efftciencies in excess of 66%, and electrical energy efficiencies of at least 33% were obtained for the electrochemical fluorination step. Experimental results of this investigation are presented and discussed.
Construction and characterization of a cohesive end site mutant of bacteriophage λ

Abstract A cohesive end site mutant ( cos 1) of bacteriophage λ has been isolated following in vitro manipulations of λ DNA, including removal of the cohesive ends by digestion with S1 nuclease. The resulting mutation is a 0.4-kilobase deletion which starts at cos , as determined by heteroduplex studies, and extends to the right into the Nu 1 gene. Mature λ chromosomes are normally generated by cleavage of two cos sites: Packaging proceeds in an A gene to R gene direction from an initial cos site to a terminal cos site. The cos 1 mutation inactivates cos function at both the initial and the terminal cleavages. Aside from the Nu 1 defect, expression of all the morphogenesis genes by λ cos 1 is normal. Complementation experiments give results expected for a cos mutant: The cos 1 mutation results in a cis -specific packaging defect.
Quantifying uncertainty for predictions with model error in non-Gaussian systems with intermittency

This paper discusses a range of important mathematical issues arising in applications of a newly emerging stochastic-statistical framework for quantifying and mitigating uncertainties associated with prediction of partially observed and imperfectly modelled complex turbulent dynamical systems. The need for such a framework is particularly severe in climate science where the true climate system is vastly more complicated than any conceivable model; however, applications in other areas, such as neural networks and materials science, are just as important. The mathematical tools employed here rely on empirical information theory and fluctuation–dissipation theorems (FDTs) and it is shown that they seamlessly combine into a concise systematic framework for measuring and optimizing consistency and sensitivity of imperfect models. Here, we utilize a simple statistically exactly solvable ‘perfect’ system with intermittent hidden instabilities and with time-periodic features to address a number of important issues encountered in prediction of much more complex dynamical systems. These problems include the role and mitigation of model error due to coarse-graining, moment closure approximations, and the memory of initial conditions in producing short, medium and long-range predictions. Importantly, based on a suite of increasingly complex imperfect models of the perfect test system, we show that the predictive skill of the imperfect models and their sensitivity to external perturbations is improved by ensuring their consistency on the statistical attractor (i.e. the climate) with the perfect system. Furthermore, the discussed link between climate fidelity and sensitivity via the FDT opens up an enticing prospect of developing techniques for improving imperfect model sensitivity based on specific tests carried out in the training phase of the unperturbed statistical equilibrium/climate.
Immunohistochemistry of Proteoglycans in Human Lamina Cribrosa

Proteoglycans are macromolecular components of connective tissue, which are believed to have an important role in the organization of other extracellular matrix components and in the hydration and rigidity of tissue. Using antibodies to the heparan sulfate-, dermatan sulfate-, and keratan sulfate-proteoglycans core proteins, we used indirect immunofluorescence to determine the presence of these core proteins and to characterize their distribution in the lamina cribrosa of healthy human eyes of various ages. Findings with heparan sulfate-proteoglycan core proteins support the multilayered organization of basement membranes in the lamina cribrosa as proposed in previous reports. Dermatan sulfate-proteoglycan core protein results indicate colocalization with fibrillar collagen. Application of monoclonal antibodies to the glycosaminoglycan side chain disclosed an increasing predominance of chondroitin-4-sulfate over chondroitin-6-sulfate with age. This may indicate a decreasing water-holding capacity of the cribriform plates and suggest a decreasing ability to withstand pressure. This study attempts to identify the core proteins of proteoglycans in human lamina cribrosa and serves as a basis for study of glaucomatous eyes.
Identifying the Correlation Between the Gender and Knowledge of the South African Consumer in the Selection of Grocery Products

The knowledge that consumers have of products and services as well as other factors serves as an indicator as to which product or store to “pick”. The products and store location add to the ease with which consumers are able to cherry pick. This article has its focal point the South African customer and the motives for cherry picking and to establish if there is a relationship between price knowledge, consumer knowledge and gender. To some extent, it was expected that females would be more knowledgeable about prices of grocery products and this was indeed the case. These same consumers are also well informed about promotions on grocery products. The research concludes that gender has an influence on the knowledge that the South African consumers have on product prices, the types of stores and product assortment. The results also show that the South African consumers are able to confidently cherry pick over more than one day due to their increased knowledge of prices offered on different products at different stores. This wider level of knowledge results in them being able to participate in cherry picking more readily than a consumer who has more limited price knowledge. The research findings also clearly indicate that there is a significant relationship between price knowledge, consumer knowledge and gender. Keywords - Customer behaviour, product knowledge, loyalty, cherry picking, product price knowledge; and gender
Task force 3. Spectrum of risk factors for coronary heart disease

Summary In matching management intensity with cardiovascular risk, we proposed a scheme of categories of descending levels of evidence to support the benefit of direct management. That is, we began with those risk factors for which the most conclusive evidence exists and whose management favorably affects outcomes, and we ended with those factors for which management opportunities are minimal or absent or for which modification would not or could not alter the course of the disease. The proposed risk factor categories are as follows: I. Risk factors for which interventions have proved to reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease events (cigarette smoking, LDL cholesterol, hypertension, thrombogenic factors). II. Risk factors for which interventions are likely, based on our current pathophysiologic understanding and on epidemiologic and clinical trial evidence, to reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease events (diabetes, physical inactivity, HDL cholesterol, obesity, postmenopausal status). III. Risk factors clearly associated with an increase in coronary artery disease risk and which, if modified, mightlower the incidence of coronary artery disease events (psychosocial factors, triglycerides, Lp(a), homocysteine, oxidative stress, alcohol consumption). IV. Risk factors associated with increased risk but which cannot be modified or whose modification would be unlikely to change the incidence of coronary disease events (age, gender, family history and many others). Dietary modification is important throughout the course of evaluation and management of many of the major risk factors. Therefore, “diet” has not been included in the list of risk factors as categorized in this task force. Rather, we recognize that diet interacts with different risk factors at many different levels. If diet were to be included, it would qualify for category I status.
Bots vs. Wikipedians, Anons vs. Logged-Ins (Redux): A Global Study of Edit Activity on Wikipedia and Wikidata

Wikipedia is a global crowdsourced encyclopedia that at time of writing is available in 287 languages. Wikidata is a likewise global crowdsourced knowledge base that provides shared facts to be used by Wikipedias. In the context of this research, we have developed an application and an underlying Application Programming Interface (API) capable of monitoring realtime edit activity of all language versions of Wikipedia and Wikidata. This application allows us to easily analyze edits in order to answer questions such as "Bots vs. Wikipedians, who edits more?", "Which is the most anonymously edited Wikipedia?", or "Who are the bots and what do they edit?". To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such an analysis was done for Wikidata and for really all Wikipedias---large and small. According to our results, all Wikipedias and Wikidata together are edited by about 50% bots and by about 23% anonymous users. Wikidata alone accounts for about 48% of the totally observed edits. If we do not consider Wikidata, i.e., if we only look at all Wikipedias, about 15% of all edits are made by bots and 26% of all edits are made by anonymous users. Overall, we found a stabilizing number of 274 active bots during our observation period. Our application is available publicly online at the URL http://wikipedia-edits.herokuapp.com/, its code has been open-sourced under the Apache 2.0 license.
Serotonergic axons in monkey prefrontal cerebral cortex synapse predominantly on interneurons as demonstrated by serial section electron microscopy

Anatomical approaches were used to describe the distribution, appearance, and synaptic interactions of serotonin (5-HT)-immunoreactive axons in monkey prefrontal cortex. A plexus of 5-HT axons was found throughout the gray matter, with an especially high density in layer I and a slight increase in layer IV. They were strikingly heterogeneous, with a gradient of morphologies ranging from fine and nonvaricose to highly varicose or thick and nonvaricose. Electron microscopy showed that both varicose and nonvaricose axons were typically filled with clear vesicles and less abundant dense core vesicles. A serial section analysis of 5-HT varicosities in layers I, III, and V showed consistent results across layers. Only about 23% of labeled varicosities formed identifiable synapses. These synapses were consistently asymmetric and were 2-5 serial sections (or 0.08-0.38 mu) in diameter. Targets of identified 5-HT synapses were dendritic shafts with the exception of one cell soma. Followed in serial sections, postsynaptic dendrites typically had morphological features of interneurons, i.e. they lacked spines, had a high density of synaptic inputs, and often had a varicose morphology. Only 8% of postsynaptic shafts were classified as pyramidal dendrites. This is in striking contrast to our previous study in this cortex of dopamine axons, which synapsed predominantly on pyramidal dendrites. These are the first results to indicate that interneurons are the major recipient of identifiable 5-HT synapses in the monkey prefrontal cortex.
Suction laminarization of highly swept supersonic laminar flow control wings

An evaluation is made of a suction-based method for the laminarization of highly-swept supersonic wings at cruise Mach numbers in the 2.0-2.5 range, in the interest of the reduction of wave drag due to lift. The laminar boundary layer development, as well as Tollmien-Schlichting and crossflow instabilities, have been analyzed for the case of an X66 supercritical airfoil at 60 and 72 deg sweep, for Mach numbers of 1.56 and 2.52, respectively. Strong suction is found to be needed at the front part of the upper surface and both the upper and lower rear pressure-rise areas.
Interaction of cataclasis and pressure solution in a low-temperature carbonate shear zone

The mineralogical and elemental variations across the main shear zone of the Saltville thrust at Sharp Gap in Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A., were studied in a suite of deformed and undefromed carbonate rock samples using X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe methods. An examination of the samples for deformation effects at mesoscopic scale and under the optical microscope reveals familiar cataclastic deformation features including foliated cataclasites and microbreccias occurring in a well-defined, 1–2 m wide zone of intense deformation, plus evidence of hydrofracturing and extensive syndeformational pressure solution. There exists a clear correlation between the observed cataclastic deformation and mineral and elemental distribution which we interpret to result from a deformation-induced dolomite to calcite transformation in the shear zone. The transformation has resulted in removal of Mg from the shear zone, selective deposition of calcite as an intergranular cement in cataclasite/microbreccia units and a relative increase in the concentration of detrital quartz and feldspars. The compositional difference between the shear zone and wall rocks is explained in connection with cataclastic deformation features in terms of a model in which a dual pressure-solution/cataclastic flow mechanism leads to a gradual cementation-hardening of segments of the shear zone. Instabilities could occur via permeability reduction and increased pore pressure within these segments. Hydrofracturing of the hardened segments along with high strain rate reordering of the shear zone materials reset the ruptured zone back to the dual deformation mechanism regime. As a long-term effect, the compositional transformation of the shear zone is expected to prolong periods of creep and cause smaller coseismic stress drops since under the imposed conditions calcite is more ductile and soluble than dolomite.
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for antiinflammatory agents diclofenac and flurbiprofen in ocular fluids.

Abstract An HPLC assay for diclofenac (DC) and flurbiprofen (FP) in a 100-μl sample of aqueous humour is presented. After acetonitrile extraction, the residue is analyzed using a reversed-phase octyle column and ultraviolet detection. The method is simple and reproducible. Excellent selectivity and resolution are achieved using an acetic acid—acetonitrile—triethylamine mobile phase. The lower limit of detection, defined as the amount of drug required to produce a peak twice the threshold, was ca. 0.3 ng DC on column and ca. 0.4 ng on column FP. The utility of the method is demonstrated by determining drug levels in aqueous humour of normal rabbits and of patients undergoing cataract surgery. The assay should be applicable to other antiinflammatory agents.
Densitometric quantitation of neutral lipids on ammonium sulfate impregnated thin-layer chromatograms.

Abstract A procedure is described which extends the densitometric quantitation of phospholipids on ammonium sulfate impregnated thin-layer chromatograms by Gluck et al. to include total lipid, free and esterified chlesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride. Lipids separated on thin-layer plates containing silica gel G impregnated with ammonium sulfate were charred upon heating and absorbance was measured densitometrically. Thus, the necessity of spraying or submersing in a charring agent was eliminated, uniform charring became possible, and quantitation over a wider range of sample sizes than most densitometric procedures was obtained. One linear relationship existed for concentrations of standards over the range of 0.0–3.0 μg and another line from 4.0–50.0 μg. Both accuracy and precision of the method were highly reliable.
Choice of base revisited: higher radices for FPGA-based floating-point computation (abstract only)

The general computing world settled on radix 2 floating point representations over three decades ago. The analyses which led to this choice were all based on the underlying premise that the goal of a floating-point representation is to maximize numerical accuracy per bit of data. However, the unique nature of FPGA-based computations makes numerical accuracy per unit of FPGA resources a more important measure by which to judge the usefulness of a given floating point representation. Due to the high cost of shifters as implemented on FPGAs, higher radix floating-point representations are uniquely suited to FPGA-based computations, especially high precision calculations which require the support of denormalized numbers. Higher radix representations use FPGA resources more efficiently. For example, a radix 16 adder requires 20% less LUTs than its radix 2 counterpart, while delivering equal worst-case and better average case numerical accuracy.
Dexfenfluramine induces fos-like immunoreactivity in discrete brain regions in rats

Administration of the anorectic agent, dexfenfluramine (DFEN) to rats induced dose- and time-dependent expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity in several discrete brain regions of rats. At moderate doses, the regions showing the most intense Fos immunostaining included the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the lateral part of the central amygdala, midline thalamic nuclei, habenular nuclei, lateral parabrachial nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. It is suggested that these nuclei, many of which are known to receive gustatory or visceral input, may form part of a functional circuit via which DFEN modulates food intake. Rats that were made hungry by either food deprivation or administration of insulin also showed induction of Fos in several brain regions, but only that in the supramamillary/ventral tegmental area was suppressed by pretreatment with an anorectic dose of DFEN. The functional significance of these sites requires further investigation.
810-4 Remodeling of the Vascular Endothelium Following PTCA in Rabbit Iliac Arteries with Fibrin Adhesive/Endothelial Cell Matrix

We proposed that a possible cause of acute and chronic complications of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) is the loss of the endothelial cell lining of the arterial wall. The objective of this study was to reattach endothelial cells to the arterial wall at the time of PTCA. We devised a unique process utilizing a delivery device whereby a fibrin adhesive reattaches endothelial cells to denuded vessel walls at the time of PTCA. Following in vitro definition of optimal conditions required forthe adhesive matrix to successfully reattach endothelial cells to an inert plastic surface and subsequent demonstration of viability of these cells after delivery through the infusion catheter system, studies were carried out on iliac arteries (n = 6/group) of New Zealand White rabbits subjected to balloon angioplasty-induced endothelial cell denudation. The Wolinsky infusion balloon (USCI. C.R. Bard) and double balloon was used to deliver the fibrin adhesive/endothelial cell matrix labelled with red fluorescent dye to denuded areas over a 3-5 min period. Immediately following treatment blood was allowed to perfuse the seeded artery for four hours to expose the iliac segments with newly attached endothelial cells to physiologic shear forces. Histological examination demonstrated the ability of this novel method to circumferentially reattach the adhesive/endothelial cell matrix to 70-90% of the denuded arterial wall segments in comparison with 5-8% reattachment following seeding with endothelial cells alone. We conclude that endothelial cells can be successfully reattached to denuded vessel walls with a fibrin adhesive matrix following PTCA.
Core-shell Au–TiO2 nanoarchitectures formed by pulsed laser deposition for enhanced efficiency in dye sensitized solar cells

Vertically aligned Au–TiO2 core–shell nanowires were synthesized by using a two step method. Au nanowires were first synthesized using a galvanostatic constant current electrodeposition technique. A shell of anatase TiO2 was subsequently grown on the Au nanowires using pulsed laser deposition. The core–shell nanostructures were then characterized using electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results showed that the wires were highly aligned and well separated. Dye sensitized solar cells were then fabricated using the core–shell nanowire arrays as photoanode, N535 dye as the sensitizer and I3−/I− as the redox electrolyte. The Au nanowires inside the highly crystalline TiO2 anatase nanoshell provided a direct conduction path and improved transport for electrons between the TiO2 and the conducting substrate. This efficient electron conduction out of the oxide semiconductor enhanced the current generation as well as the power conversion efficiency of the cell. The influence of the TiCl4 post-treatment on Au–TiO2 core–shell nanowire electrodes is investigated and compared to nontreated films. Cell efficiencies are improved, due to higher photocurrents as a result of this post-treatment. Optical effects of the metal nanowire may have also contributed to improved performance.
Conductive ink for through hole application

Silver through-hole (STH) technology is a method to create an electrical interconnect between the top and the bottom of a printed circuit board (PCB). STH technology has gained and is continually gaining acceptance worldwide because the process is low-cost, reliable, and environmentally benign. The detailed process for the through-hole connection is described in this paper. Even though the technology to produce STH boards is mature, the performance of current through-hole ink relies on different types of PCB's. Exposure to solder baths or to thermal cycling becomes problematic with the stability of electrical conductivity. This problem is associated with different types of metal fillers, resin systems, and PCB's. For example, the electrical resistance of the ink on FR2 substrate gradually increases after each solder bath dip. A fundamental study has been conducted to investigate the hole-resistance drift after each solder bath dip, TMA and DMA have been used to characterize CTE's and curing performances of the ink and PCB substrates. A failure mechanism has been proposed and confirmed by experiments. Experimental results demonstrated that a hole-resistance drift on FR2 substrate is caused by several factors. First, the higher thermal expansion of the substrate itself stretches the coating layer. Second, the continued curing causes the resin matrix to be fixed at higher temperature. Finally, the CTE's of the conductive ink and the PCB substrate mismatch.
Nano silicide formation in nano Si wires

The review reports that the conductance of nanowire of Si is very sensitive to small changes in its surrounding potential and can be affected by the attachment of a small number of charged biological molecules. Using different receptors on the oxidized nano Si wire surface, the detection of the conductance change can be specific to the molecules absorbed on the wire surface. The combination of sensitivity and selectivity makes nanowire-based electronic device to be unique in having a great potential in bio-sensing. It is further reported that in order to have ultra-sensitivity for the detection of a single charged molecule or a virus, the length of the nanowire of Si has to be in the nm range or it requires a nanogapofSi.
Expertise reversal effect and sequencing of learning tasks in online English as a second language learning environment

The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of sequencing instructional materials and learners' prior knowledge on learning ESL (English as a second language) through an online learning course. 121 fifth-grade students from an elementary school in Korea participated in the study. Each participant was allocated to one cell of a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design, with an instructional format (i.e. sequential or concurrent) as a first factor, and prior knowledge (i.e. high or low) as a second factor. Instructions of the words and grammar rules were allocated to each page for the sequential group, whereas integrated on a single page for the concurrent group. The result indicates that the sequential instruction of words followed by grammar explanations was more effective for the students with higher levels of prior knowledge than the concurrent presentation. The reverse was also found for the students with lower levels of prior knowledge in English. There are four possible explanations for the result...
An analytical and experimental investigation of electrorheological material based adaptive beam structures

Modeling the dynamic behavior of the controllable structure itself is essential to the physical realization of electrorheological (ER) material based adaptive structures. Previous non-conclusive studies evaluated two well-known vibration theories, namely the Ross, Kerwin, and Ungar (RKU), and Mead and Markus models, in their relevance to ER based constrained layer structures. The present study consists of an in-depth theoretical and experimental investigation verifying the utility of these models in predicting the dynamic behavior of ER based structures. We restrict ourselves to a comparison between the structure's natural frequencies since the shear storage modulus dominates the material's rheological behavior. The material's loss modulus contribution to the structure's overall controllability is assumed to be negligible. The RKU and Mead and Markus theories adequately model the behavior of ER based adaptive beam structures. The model's accuracy depends upon uninhibited strain in the sandwiched layer, un...
MATICES KOGUI. REPRESENTACIONES Y NEGOCIACIÓN EN LA MARGINALIDAD

THERE EXISTS AN IMAGE OF SO-CALLED KOGUI CULTURE THAT CONSIDERS IT AN ESSENTIAL element for the preservation of biodiversity as part of the conservationist schemes in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia). My purpose here is to engage the history of this image from certain anthropological representations that participated in its definition, as well as tracing the process of articulation of this image with the discourse of conservation. For these matters I consider the work of authors from the Sierra’s ethnographic archive as well as processes and tecno-scientific tools used in the conservationist strategy of the Sierra. As a result of this, notions such as marginality have been reinforced on the Sierra Nevada and its inhabitants. Notwithstanding, my approach to marginality considers it not just a form of classification, but also a process of cultural and political production, that is negotiable from, by, and through the images that reinforce it.
Significant pelvic recurrence in high-risk pathologic stage I--IV endometrial carcinoma patients after adjuvant chemotherapy alone: implications for adjuvant radiation therapy.

Results: Twenty-nine women (67.4%) relapsed. Seventeen (39.5%) recurred in the pelvis and 23 (55.5%) in extrapelvic sites. The 3-year actuarial PVR rate was 46.5%. The most significant factors correlated with PVR were cervical involvement (CI) (p 5 0.01) and adnexal (p 5 0.05) involvement. Of the 17 women who developed a PVR, 8 relapsed in the vagina, 3 in the nonvaginal pelvis, and 6 in both. The 3-year vaginal and nonvaginal PVR rates were 37.8% and 26%, respectively. The most significant factor correlated with vaginal PVR was CI (p 5 0.0007). Deep myometrial invasion (p 5 0.02) and lymph nodal involvement (p 5 0.03) were both correlated with nonvaginal PVR. Nine of the 29 relapsed patients (31%) developed PVR as their only (6) or first site (3) of recurrence. Factors associated with a higher rate of PVR (as the first or only site) were CI and Stage I‐II disease. Conclusions: PVR is common in high-risk pathologic Stage I‐IV endometrial cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy alone. These results support the continued use of locoregional RT in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies are needed to test the addition of chemotherapy to locoregional RT. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc.
On-line LDA: Adaptive Topic Models for Mining Text Streams with Applications to Topic Detection and Tracking

This paper presents online topic model (OLDA), a topic model that automatically captures the thematic patterns and identifies emerging topics of text streams and their changes over time. Our approach allows the topic modeling framework, specifically the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model, to work in an online fashion such that it incrementally builds an up-to-date model (mixture of topics per document and mixture of words per topic) when a new document (or a set of documents) appears. A solution based on the empirical Bayes method is proposed. The idea is to incrementally update the current model according to the information inferred from the new stream of data with no need to access previous data. The dynamics of the proposed approach also provide an efficient mean to track the topics over time and detect the emerging topics in real time. Our method is evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively using benchmark datasets. In our experiments, the OLDA has discovered interesting patterns by just analyzing a fraction of data at a time. Our tests also prove the ability of OLDA to align the topics across the epochs with which the evolution of the topics over time is captured. The OLDA is also comparable to, and sometimes better than, the original LDA in predicting the likelihood of unseen documents.
The Strength of Silicate Glasses: What Do We Know, What Do We Need to Know?

In the last few years, there has been increased interest in methods to improve the practical strength of inorganic glasses. During this same time period, new theoretical and experimental techniques have appeared. In this paper, we discuss this interest and indicate how and where these new techniques may help us to achieve our objective to increase the practical strength of glass. Our ability to measure the intrinsic inert strength of glass fibers as well as the development of stresses around indentations and scratches now allows us to attack these two important issues experimentally. Likewise, major advances have been made in techniques for the modeling glass structure and mechanical properties. The advances in these three areas give us indications of how changes in glass composition and processing can influence the final strength as well as its robustness.
Multisystem dysregulation and bone strength: findings from the study of midlife in the United States.

Context: Accumulated dysregulation across multiple physiological systems, or allostatic load (AL), has been proposed as the biological pathway from psychosocial adversity to poor health. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine whether AL, constructed using biomarkers and medication data from seven systems (sympathetic, parasympathetic, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cardiovascular regulation, inflammation, and lipid and glucose metabolism), is associated with lower bone strength in a national sample. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: Seven hundred three community-dwelling men and women from the Study of Midlife in the United States participated in the study. Outcome Measures: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Femoral neck BMD was combined with bone size and body size to create composite indices of femoral neck strength relative to load in three failure modes: compression, bending, and impact. Results: In mixed...
Biomarkers of Inflammation and MRI-Defined Small Vessel Disease of the Brain: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background and Purpose— To clarify the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of small vessel disease of the brain, we investigated the association between common variation in the C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 genes, plasma CRP and IL6 levels, and presence of MRI-defined white matter lesions (WML) and brain infarcts (BI) in elderly participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study. Methods— Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP and IL6 genes were selected from the SeattleSNPs database. In cross-sectional analyses, logistic regression models adjusting for known cardiovascular disease risk factors were constructed to assess the associations of plasma CRP and IL6 levels and common CRP and IL6 gene haplotypes with presence of WML or BI in Blacks (n=532) and Whites (n=2905). Results— Plasma IL6 and CRP levels were associated with presence of WML and BI in both races. In Whites, common haplotypes of the IL6 gene were significantly associated with WML and BI. The common haplotyp...
Correlates of suicide among home health care utilizers who died by suicide and community controls

Home health care patients often have several late-life risk factors for suicide and constitute a high risk group for suicidal behaviors. In this study, we examined the characteristics of 14 older adult home health care utilizers who died by suicide and four community controls who used similar services. Both groups of home health care utilizers had multiple health problems and, with one exception, all were functionally impaired. Descriptive comparison suggests that suicide decedents were more likely than their counterparts to suffer from depressed mood, suicidal ideation, prior suicide attempt(s), alcohol dependence, chronic pain, strained family relationships, lack of social support, and financial difficulties. Identifying suicide risk factors that place older adult home health care utilizers at particularly high risk for suicidal behaviors within this population will further help target suicide preventive interventions by home care providers.
Manual Annotation of Opinion Categories in Meetings

This paper applies the categories from an opinion annotation scheme developed for monologue text to the genre of multiparty meetings. We describe modifications to the coding guidelines that were required to extend the categories to the new type of data, and present the results of an inter-annotator agreement study. As researchers have found with other types of annotations in speech data, inter-annotator agreement is higher when the annotators both read and listen to the data than when they only read the transcripts. Previous work exploited prosodic clues to perform automatic detection of speaker emotion (Liscombe et al. 2003). Our findings suggest that doing so to recognize opinion categories would be a promising line of work.
A parametric study of coupled-mode flutter for MW-size wind turbine blades

With the increasing size of offshore wind turbine rotors, the design criteria used for the blades may also evolve. Current offshore technology utilizes three relatively stiff blades in an upwind configuration. With the goal of minimizing the mass, there is an interest in the lightweight rotors that instead utilize two flexible blades oriented downwind. These longer blades are more flexible and thus susceptible to experience flow-induced instability. Coupled-mode flutter is one of the destructive aeroelastic instabilities that can occur in flexible structures subjected to aerodynamic loading. Because of variation in one of the system parameters, e.g., flow velocity, structural modes coalesce at a critical flow velocity, and coupled-flutter occurs. In the present work, a parametric study is conducted in order to study the influence of the natural frequencies in the torsional and flapwise directions on the critical flutter speed for wind turbine blades. Three MW-size wind turbine blades are studied using a three-dimensional blade model, which includes coupled flapwise and torsional displacements. The results show that the three blades have very similar behavior as the system parameters vary. It is shown that the first torsional natural frequency and the ratio of the first torsional natural frequency to the first flapwise natural frequency are the most critical parameters affecting the onset of instability. Critical flutter speeds even lower than the blade rated speed can be observed for blades with low torsional natural frequencies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Scope of International Occupational Medical Practice

The international physician has a tremendous scope of responsibility. Clinical care and its management, occupational and environmental medicine, travel medicine, marine and aviation medicine, public health and other disciplines must be addressed. Programmes must include expatriates, national citizens, travellers, families, extended families, and the surrounding communities. Moreover, in the international context, the occupational physician is a representative of the company in the host country. Furthermore, the knowledge required is not only vast, but changes rapidly. It requires not only clinical acumen, but also the ability to effectively design and implement many types of programmes in the context of the customs and regulations of the country and with the guidance of management.
An Air- and Water-Tolerant Zinc Hydride Cluster That Reacts Selectively With CO2.

The reaction of [Zn3Cl3L], in which L3− is a tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane, with K(sBu)3BH afforded [Zn3(μ-H)3L] (2), as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, NOESY, and X-ray crystallography. The complex 2 was air-stable and unreactive towards water, methanol, and other substrates (e.g., nitriles) at room temperature over 24 h but reacted with CO2 (ca. 1 atm) to generate [Zn3(μ-H)2(μ-1,1-O2CH)] (3). In contrast, [Zn3(OH)3L] (4) was found to be unreactive toward CO2 over the course of several days at 90 °C.
Finding synchrony in the desynchronized EEG: the history and interpretation of gamma rhythms

Neocortical gamma (30-80 Hz) rhythms correlate with attention, movement and perception and are often disrupted in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Gamma primarily occurs during alert brain states characterized by the so-called “desynchronized” EEG. Is this because gamma rhythms are devoid of synchrony? In this review we take a historical approach to answering this question. Richard Caton and Adolf Beck were the first to report the rhythmic voltage fluctuations in the animal brain. They were limited by the poor amplification of their early galvanometers. Thus when they presented light or other stimuli, they observed a disappearance of the large resting oscillations. Several groups have since shown that visual stimuli lead to low amplitude gamma rhythms and that groups of neurons in the visual cortices fire together during individual gamma cycles. This synchronous firing can more strongly drive downstream neurons. We discuss how gamma-band synchrony can support ongoing communication between brain regions, and highlight an important fact: there is at least local neuronal synchrony during gamma rhythms. Thus, it is best to refer to the low amplitude, high frequency EEG as an “activated”, not “desynchronized”, EEG.
CFD Analysis for Assessing the Effect of Wind on the Thermal Control of the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover

The challenging range of landing sites for which the Mars Science Laboratory Rover was designed, requires a rover thermal management system that is capable of keeping temperatures controlled across a wide variety of environmental conditions. On the Martian surface where temperatures can be as cold as -123 C and as warm as 38 C, the rover relies upon a Mechanically Pumped Fluid Loop (MPFL) Rover Heat Rejection System (RHRS) and external radiators to maintain the temperature of sensitive electronics and science instruments within a -40 C to 50 C range. The RHRS harnesses some of the waste heat generated from the rover power source, known as the Multi Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG), for use as survival heat for the rover during cold conditions. The MMRTG produces 110 W of electrical power while generating waste heat equivalent to approximately 2000 W. Heat exchanger plates (hot plates) positioned close to the MMRTG pick up this survival heat from it by radiative heat transfer. Winds on Mars can be as fast as 15 m/s for extended periods. They can lead to significant heat loss from the MMRTG and the hot plates due to convective heat pick up from these surfaces. Estimation of this convective heat loss cannot be accurately and adequately achieved by simple textbook based calculations because of the very complicated flow fields around these surfaces, which are a function of wind direction and speed. Accurate calculations necessitated the employment of sophisticated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) computer codes. This paper describes the methodology and results of these CFD calculations. Additionally, these results are compared to simple textbook based calculations that served as benchmarks and sanity checks for them. And finally, the overall RHRS system performance predictions will be shared to show how these results affected the overall rover thermal performance.
Case Report on Renal Failure Reversal in Lambda Chain Multiple Myeloma with Bortezomib and Dexamethasone

Renal failure (RF) reversal in multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with an improved prognosis. Light chain myeloma, serum creatinine (SCr) > 4 mg/dL, extensive proteinuria, early infections, and certain renal biopsy findings are associated with lower rates of RF reversal. Our patient is a 67-year-old female with multiple poor prognostic factors for RF reversal who demonstrated a rapid renal response with bortezomib and dexamethasone (BD) regimen. She presented initially with altered mental status. On exam, she appeared lethargic and dehydrated and had generalized tenderness. She had been taking ibuprofen as needed for pain for a few weeks. Labs showed a white cell count—18,900/μL with no bandemia, hemoglobin 10.8 gm/dL, potassium—6.7 mEq/L, bicarbonate—15 mEq/L, blood urea nitrogen—62 mg/dL, SCr—5.6 mg/dL (baseline: 1.10), and corrected calcium—11.8 mg/dL. A rapid flu test was positive. Imaging studies were unremarkable. Her EKG showed sinus tachycardia and her urinalysis was unremarkable. The unexplained RF in an elderly individual in conjunction with hypercalcemia and anemia prompted a MM work-up; eventually, lambda variant MM was diagnosed. An immediate (4 days) renal response defined as 50% reduction in SCr was noticed after initiation of the BD regimen.
The Gendered Worlds of Latin American Women Workers

The Gendered Worlds of Latin American Women Workers. John D. French and Daniel James. eds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998. 320 pp.
Estradiol treatment increases feeding-induced c-Fos expression in the brains of ovariectomized rats

The ovarian hormone estradiol reduces meal size and food intake in female rats, at least in part by increasing the satiating potency of CCK. Here we used c-Fos immunohistochemistry to determine whe...
A comparative study of popular interpolation and integration methods for use in computed tomography

We compare various popular methods available for projection and backprojection in CT. Assuming linear rays and a simple density integration along them, we consider both line- and area-based methods. Here, two key components govern the quality of a projection result, given the discrete nature of the data and reconstruction result: interpolation and integration. Both of these are studied here. In order to separate these fundamental issues from those related to perspective fan and cone-beam effects, we restrict ourselves to a parallel-beam projection geometry. We also compare these different methods in light of a possible efficient implementation on programmable commodity graphics hardware (GPUs). To this end, we propose a new method for interpolation based on hexagonal subsampling, which achieves superior results. In order to achieve a data-independent comparison, we employ a dataset of very high and uniform frequency content, the so-called Marschner-Lobb dataset.
Studies on the Synthesis of Schisandraceae Natural Products: Exploring a Cyclopropylcarbinol Ring Expansion Strategy

Acid mediated cyclopropylcarbinol ring expansion has been shown to be a viable method for the construction of the AB ring framework of lancifodilactone F and related terpenoids of the Schisandraceae family of natural products. We found that this rearrangement proceeds with good stereochemical control based on inversion of the C10 cyclopropyl center. Our
Love's angry lament: confronting our anger with God: based on Lamentations 1-3

The author examines biblical characters who challenged the justice of God. He contends that these lamenters laid the foundation for the rabbinic tradition of chutzpah. They freely faced God with their disillusionment and anger. Their intimacy with the Divine is exemplary. The author acknowledges the ambiguities of God's response to despair and contextualizes lament in the case of a woman who has been sexually abused and seeks pastoral guidance. This article integrates exegesis and theology with theories of anger and intimacy.
What Does Danger Look Like

I don't know what compelled me last winter to drive to Santa Fe and walk through the remnants of a World War II internment camp. Was it a suspicion of something more or a dare that it shouldn't be done? Either way, it was awkward. New Mexico is my childhood home, where I learned the world, and one does not tend to question the place of first belonging. And whatever the reason for going, I know this much: my impulses had everything to do with the same age-old questions that befuddled our nation following the 9/11 tragedy—who are we, and what does danger look like?
Voices Crying in the Wilderness: Prophetic Ministry in Clinical Pastoral Education

Reviews and comments on articles appearing in The Journal of Pastoral Care dealing with the pastoral/prophetic dynamic which has existed in the pastoral care, counseling, and education movement. Makes a plea for greater emphasis on larger-than-individual systems in future Clinical Pastoral Education programs.