cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The reliability of network density and composition measures

Abstract Many measures based on egocentric network data, such as age composition or (local) network density, can be viewed as ‘aggregate’ measures: they are mean values of the alter attributes or the dyadic attributes that fall within a given respondent's egocentric network. Internal consistency methods of classical test theory are not suitable for assessing the reliability of such measures: such methods presume a ‘crossed’ design for data collection in which each respondent is scored on the same set of indicators. In designs for gathering egocentric network data, alters are instead ‘nested’ within respondents; moreover the number of alters may differ across respondents. This paper evaluates the reliability of composition and density measures via analysis-of-variance approaches to reliability known as generalizability theory. Reliability estimates are presented for egocentric measures based on the 1985, 1987, and 1988 General Social Surveys and for the 1977–1978 Northern California Community Study. Ethnoreligious composition, political composition, density, and composition of a network by ‘friends’ or co-members of organizations are measured with relatively high reliability, even for a relatively small number of alters. Other measures require more alters to attain adequate reliability, and some, such as sex composition, remain problematic even when the number of alters grows quite large. The sensitivity of reliability estimates to differences in instrument design is examined using design variations in the surveys studied.
A testbed for mobile social computing

We present a testbed for mobile social computing that can be used to perform research in security, privacy, and contextawareness policies and mechanisms appropriate for a wide range of applications. We compare several mobile platforms and present the rational for our design choices and reasons we chose Android as the primary smartphone for this testbed. We also discuss some of the possible experiments that can be conducted using the testbed.
Motive-related memories: content, structure, and affect.

Two studies tested hypotheses on the content and structure of autobiographical memories and the affect linked to them. In Study 1, agentic and communal-motivated individuals recorded their most memorable experiences and completed the PANAS each day for 6 weeks. Memories were coded for content and structure. Agentics and communals reported more motive congruent memories, and their congruent memories were structured using more differentiation and integration, respectively. In addition, agentics had slightly higher PA and lower NA scores. In Study 2, agentics and communals recalled an event pertaining to either social separation or connection and then completed an affect measure of agentic and communal items. Agentics recalled more agentic memories in the separation condition and communals recalled more communal memories in the connection condition. Complexity analyses showed that agentics and communals used differentiation and integration respectively to recall their motive- congruent memories. The affect data showed a modest predicted pattern. Results suggest that implicit motives have an impact on autobiographical memory but are not as clearly related to self-report affect measures, possibly due to method variance.
Wideband Precision Phase Detector

A phase error detecting system designed for the RF system of the 3-Bev Princeton-Pennsylvania Proton Synchrotron is described. It serves as a link in the servo loop to keep ferrite tuned RF load to track the driving signal which sweeps from 2.5 to 30 mc/s at repetition rate of 20 cps. The input signals are shifted to a constant intermediate frequency of 455 kc/s by mixing with a specially generated tracking signal. Limiting, phase shifting, and the phase detection are all done at 455 kc/s. Its output phase lag for phase modulation frequency below 50 kc/s is less than 90°. It has a usable range of 40 db input variation. Zero output accuracy is ± 2° for the range of 20 db input variation. All circuits, except the tracking signal generator are transistorized.
Accurate high speed empirically based predictive modeling of deeply embedded gridded parallel plate capacitors fabricated in a multilayer LTCC process

A novel technique is presented for the accurate, rapid, high frequency, predictive modeling of parallel plate capacitors with gridded plates manufactured in a multilayer low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) process. The method is empirical in nature and is based on the concept of incrementally constructing the model for a structure from well characterized individual building blocks. Building blocks are characterized by the use of test structures and measurements, and are modeled using passive lumped circuit elements. This method is applied to the predictive modeling of deeply embedded gridded parallel plate capacitor structures. The procedure has been experimentally verified, with accurate predictions of behavior obtained up to the second self resonance for large area gridded parallel plate capacitors. Since lumped element circuits are generated by this method, structure prediction speed is determined by circuit size and simulator small signal analysis time. The method is versatile and is well suited for circuit design applications.
Rigor is Rigor But Rigor is not Necessarily Science

Chow (1991) has defined the experimental logic and methodology described by Rosnow and Rosenthal (1989) as being incompatible with his notion of `conceptual rigor' and even antithetical to the requirements of internal and external validity. The purpose of this response is to suggest: (a) that the two approaches in question are not, in their entirety, mutually exclusive and differ only at one precise step within the theory-corroboration process; and (b) that to rely exclusively on probability of outcome as the sole decision criteria in theory corroboration without being cognizant of the theoretically irrelevant factors (e.g. sample size of study) which affect them seems, to this author, antithetical to science.
Alcohol and genetics: New models

Alcoholism is a complex genetic trait; susceptibility is influenced by multiple genes of small effect. To pursue mechanistic studies, genetic animal models have been used. These models are partial, each addressing one or more of the contributing traits rather than the disease as a whole. Animal studies have modeled alcohol's rewarding effects, the development of tolerance, the pathological consequences to brain systems, and the dependence on alcohol inferred from the presence of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is removed. The classical genetic methods of inbred strain analysis and development and studies of selectively bred lines have been employed for more than 40 years. Recently, such studies have shown that a genetic tendency to experience severe withdrawal is associated with a tendency to avoid self-administration of alcohol. Also recently, attempts to identify the specific genes conferring risk or protection from alcohol's effects have been undertaken. These studies have used mapping techniques based on gene sequence polymorphisms, studies of gene expression differences, and the use of candidate gene targeting such as creation of null mutants. Studies reviewed here have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for many genes affecting alcohol sensitivity, tolerance, reward, and withdrawal severity. The furthest progress in gene mapping has been made toward one withdrawal QTL on mouse chromosome 4. Using multiple congenic strains, the gene conferring increased withdrawal severity has been isolated to a region of less than 1 centiMorgan, containing fewer than 20 genes. A strong candidate gene, coding for a multiple PS095/DLG/Z0-1 (PDZ) binding domain zinc finger protein, cannot be excluded. Although many more such genes will be identified in the near future, their contribution to the mapped phenotype will be shown to be dependent on epistatic interactions with other risk genes, as well as genes in the animal's background. Progress in gene identification will also depend crucially on the precise description of the phenotypes being mapped so that their pleiotropic range of influence on the multi-behavioral phenotypic syndrome can be determined.
Crack tip behavior under pulsed electromagnetic loading

This paper describes a series of experiments and their numerical simulations in which cracks were created in conductors by using high-transient magnetic fields. The tests were conducted on small samples of 7075 aluminum alloy in a test fixture that placed the samples in series with a high-voltage capacitor bank and constrained the samples from moving. Notches were machined in the samples at various depths for the purpose of creating an initiation site for the cracks. After each pulse, the samples were unmounted and examined under an optical microscope. The peak current was varied to examine its effect on crack tip behavior. It was found that the crack tip extended linearly, was blunted by cavitation (blowholes formed due to intense heating), or bifurcated-depending on the level of the peak current. Multiple pulses were also applied to one sample to study the effects of repeated pulsing on crack extension. Finite-element computations were performed using the three-dimensional finite-element analysis program EMAP3D in conjunction with the stress code DYNA3D. The computational results confirm most of the features observed in the experiments.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Post‐Intubation Dyshponia

BACKGROUND Post intubation dysphonia is a well documented phenomenon. Presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) may exacerbate this condition. However, there is a dearth of information identifying LPR as a risk factor for post intubation dysphonia. Other known risk factors include duration of intubation, endotracheal intubation, and ease of intubation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of LPR to postintubation dysphonia. Our hypothesis was that patients with LPR are predisposed to dysphonia following endotracheal intubation.
Bacterial Species in Subgingival Plaque and Oral Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women

Background: Oral bacteria are widely recognized in the etiology of periodontal disease. We investigated the prevalence of subgingival bacterial infection with eight species, tested associations between infection and oral bone loss, and assessed potential confounding factors and effect modifiers of those associations in a large community-based cohort of postmenopausal women. Methods: A cross-sectional study of oral health and osteoporosis in 1,256 postmenopausal women recruited from the Buffalo, New York Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study was conducted. Standardized dental radiographs were used to measure alveolar crestal height (ACH). Subgingival plaque samples were taken, and the presence of eight bacterial species was assessed by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy in each participant. Results: The most prevalent infection was Streptococcus sanguis (59.5%), followed by Prevotella intermedia (43.4%), Tannerella forsythensis (37.9%), Capnocytophaga sp. (36.9%), Eubacterium saburreum (32.7%), Campylobacter rectus (17.4%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (15.1%), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (14.2%). Infections with P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, P. intermedia, and C. rectus were associated with an increased likelihood of having oral bone loss as measured by ACH, even after adjustment for age, smoking, and income. The body mass index (BMI) was a modifier of this association. Overweight women with T. forsythensis infection were more likely to have oral bone loss (OR = 3.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08 to 5.46) than normal weight (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.98) or obese (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.20) women with T. forsythensis infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of specific bacterial infections was determined for a large group of postmenopausal women. Those with infection were more likely to have oral bone loss. Further studies should investigate potential modifying effects of BMI and/or inflammatory factors. J Periodontol 2007;78:1051-1061.
A Few More Thoughts on the Frame: Forms, Functions, and Meanings

This response to discussants David Scharff, Juan Tubert-Oklander, Boaz Shalgi, and Reyna Hernandez-Tubert takes up some further considerations bearing on the variety of forms, functions, and meanings of an analytic frame. The metaphor of a “fractal,” drawn from chaos theory, is discussed, in terms of its relevance to the relationship between therapeutic process and the structure of the analytic frame, and between content and process. Multiple functions of the frame, both practical and symbolic, are considered. “Structuring” and “holding” dimensions of the frame are discussed, with particular reference to Winnicott's groundbreaking paper, “Hate in the Countertransference,” as well as his analysis of Margaret Little.
Transforming Assertive Community Treatment Into an Integrated Care System: The Role of Nursing and Primary Care Partnerships:

Despite the high rate of co-occurring medical conditions experienced by individuals receiving assertive community treatment (ACT), this comprehensive service model continues to be considered primarily a mental health intervention. Without compromising fidelity to the model, ACT can serve as an ideal platform from which to provide both primary and behavioral health care to those with complex service needs. Using a case example, this article considers the transformation of the ACT mental health care model into an integrated health care delivery system through establishing nursing and primary care partnerships. Specifically, by expanding and explicitly redefining the role of the ACT nurse, well-developed care models, such as Guided Care, can provide additional guidelines and training to ACT nurses who are uniquely trained and oriented to serve as the leader and coordinator of health integration efforts.
Reflex modification and the detection of toxicant-induced auditory dysfunction

There are numerous environmental chemicals that adversely impact sensory functioning in exposed populations. Test methods are needed that can rapidly and efficiently assess the potential of chemicals to induce sensory toxicity. Reflex modification of the startle response is a technique that provides rapid, objective and quantitative assessments of sensorimotor function. This procedure has been shown to be sensitive to a variety of neurotoxic compounds. Reflex modification can also provide independent estimates of chemical-induced alterations in both sensory and motor function. Future efforts should focus on expanding the use of this procedure in both the identification and characterization of neurotoxic chemicals.
Irregularity in multi-dimensional space-filling curves with applications in multimedia databases

A space-filling curve is a way of mapping the multi-dimensional space into the one-dimensional space. It acts like a thread that passes through every cell element (or pixel) in the N-dimensional space so that every cell is visited at least once. Thus, a space-filling curve imposes a linear order of the cells in the N-dimensional space. There are numerous kinds of space-filling curves. The difference between such curves is in their way of mapping to the one-dimensional space. Selecting the appropriate curve for any application requires a brief knowledge of the mapping scheme provided by each space-filling curve. Irregularity is proposed as a quantitative measure of the quality of the mapping of the space-filling curve. Closed formulas are developed to compute the irregularity for any general dimension D with N points in each dimension for different space-filling curves.A comparative study of different space-filling curves with respect to irregularity is conducted and results are presented and discussed. The applicability of this research is the area of multimedia databases is illustrated with a discussion of the problems that arise.
BK polyoma virus nephropathy in the native kidney

Background While BK polyoma virus nephropathy (PVN) is a well-recognized cause of renal allograft dysfunction, PVN of native kidneys is likely under-recognized. Methods We present the pathologic features, risk factors and outcomes of eight cases of PVN in native kidneys. Results The cohort included eight males aged 16-73 years (mean 47.4) with an immunocompromised state (mean duration 3.15 years) attributable to: hematologic malignancies (n = 6), for which three had undergone bone marrow transplant; lung transplant (n = 1) and combined tuberculosis and diabetes (n = 1). Seven patients were receiving specific immunosuppressive therapies. Patients were biopsied for acute kidney injury (AKI) with rise in mean creatinine levels from baseline 1.6 to 2.8 mg/dL. Pathology showed BK PVN with characteristic intranuclear inclusions staining positive for SV40 T antigen and negative for JC virus (JCV), with positive serum and/or urine PCR for BK virus. One patient had focal medullary JCV co-infection. Two patients also had renal infiltration by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Six patients received specific therapy directed to PVN (cidofovir or leflunomide). Follow-up ranged from 2 to 20 (mean 10) months. Despite marked decrease in serum BK viral copy numbers, creatinine continued to rise in six cases (mean 3.7 mg/dL in four, requiring dialysis in two) and three patients died of malignancy, opportunistic infection or renal failure. Advanced histologic stage of PVN, ineffective antiviral therapy, co-morbidities and persistent immunocompromised state likely contributed to the poor outcomes. Conclusion A high level of suspicion in immunocompromised patients is needed to diagnose PVN in an early stage that may respond more favorably to antiviral therapy.
SPC10-2: Iterative Water-filling for Optimal Resource Allocation in OFDM Multiple-Access and Broadcast Channels

A class of optimal resource allocation problems in linear Gaussian multiple-access and broadcast channels (MAC and BC) can be summarized as weighted sum power minimization problem. In this paper an iterative water-filling algorithm is proposed to solve this problem efficiently. It is shown that by formulating an explicit rate expression for MAC, though non-convex of power spectral densities, the optimality conditions demonstrate a strong water-filling flavor. By iteratively solving the optimality conditions, whereas in each iteration a slightly modified single-user margin adaptive water-filling(MAWF) algorithm is applied to update the dual variable in a greedy manner, the power spectral density of each user converges to the optimal solution very fast. Simulations verify convergence and optimality. The problem in BC can be solved in its dual MAC.
Leishmania major inhibits IL-12 in macrophages by signalling through CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and down-regulation of ETS-mediated transcription.

Summary Leishmania major is an aetiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The parasite primarily infects immune sentinel cells, specifically macrophages and dendritic cells, in the mammalian host. Infection is receptor mediated and is known to involve parasite binding to cell surface protein complement receptor 3 (CR3, Mac-1, CD11b/CD18). Engagement of CR3 by various ligands inhibits production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), the cytokine that drives antileishmanial T helper 1-type immune responses. Likewise, L. major infection inhibits IL-12 production and activation of host macrophages. Our data indicate that in the absence of CR3, L. major-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages produce more IL-12 and nitric oxide compared with WT cells upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We therefore investigated multiple signalling pathways by which L. major may inhibit IL-12 transcription through CR3 ligation. We demonstrate that L. major infection does not elicit significant NFκB p65, MAPK, IRF-1 or IRF-8 activation in WT or CD11b-deficient macrophages. Furthermore, infection neither inhibits LPS-induced MAPK or NFκB activation nor blocks IFN-γ-activated IRF-1 and IRF-8. ETS-mediated transcription, however, is inhibited by L. major infection independently of CR3. Our data indicate that L. major-mediated inhibition of IL-12 occurs through CR3 engagement; however, the mechanism of inhibition is independent of NFκB, MAPK, IRF and ETS.
Taking time to care: best practices in long‐term care communications

Purpose – This study aims to, chronicle literature, case studies and applied research to suggest that communications and public relations play a key role in the success of the best nursing homes and long‐term care facilities.Design/methodology/approach – Research employed included a case study of four highly qualified nursing home facilities, followed by an electronic survey offered to all licensed nursing homes throughout New York State. Results from each segment of the research were compared and contrasted.Findings – This research confirmed the thesis that long‐term care facilities which are independently identified as being high quality have a propensity to focus on communications with all stakeholders – particularly their residents and family members. Communications with all stakeholders are key to facility success.Research limitations/implications – The case study focused only on larger facilities; and survey response was limited without individual e‐mail addresses.Practical implications – A set of g...
Reliable cache design with detection of gate oxide breakdown using BIST

Scaling of device sizes has reduced gate oxide thickness to a few atomic layers, increasing the vulnerability of the gate oxide to breakdown. During breakdown, devices go through a gradual wearout process after an initial gate leakage increase leading to device failure. It is proposed that if wearout can be monitored, cache arrays with failing cells can be reliably operated after reconfiguration given available memory redundancy. Using experimentally verified gate oxide breakdown models, a detailed analysis of the effect of progressive gate oxide breakdown on the performance of a conventional 6T SRAM cell is presented for 45nm predictive technology. The DC margin trends (Read, Write and Retention) and access times (Read and Write) during wearout are analyzed, and a cell breakdown point due to degradation in each of these parameters is defined. A combination of these results is used to formulate a practical definition for the hard-breakdown point of a cell. Using an on-chip PVT (process, voltage, and temperature) tolerant monitoring scheme, it has been shown that gradual wearout in SRAM cells, due to gate oxide breakdown, is detectible, and cell failure can be predicted before its occurrence.
Long and Short Radius Elbow Experiments and Evaluation of Advanced Constitutive Models to Simulate the Responses

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and strain ratcheting responses of long and short radius elbows are studied experimentally and analytically. Elbow piping components are widely used in piping systems, however, the prediction of their low-cycle fatigue and ratcheting responses remain a challenge. Hence, a systematic set of short and long radius elbow LCF responses are developed by prescribing displacement-controlled loading cycles with or without internal pressure. A setup comprised of four LVDTs was utilized to measure diameter change during cyclic loading. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the strain gage data, strains are also acquired using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Recorded fatigue responses are analyzed in understanding the differences in LCF lives between the long and short radius elbows. The Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening constitutive model in ANSYS and a modified version of this model are evaluated for their simulation capability against the recorded elbow responses. The experimental and finite element simulation responses are presented in this article.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Quality As Competitive Advantage

Since 1970s quality has become a target for most organizations in the United States and most firms have spent millions of dollars on quality activities in order to reach defect-free productions [ 1 ]. This paper aims to discover how quality becomes a competitive advantage in different organizations. It includes some of the organizations that won Malcolm Baldrige Award in 2012 and shows what kind of criteria that made them qualified to win the award. The paper came up with a model called Performance Excellance shows the factor that lead to excellence performance in an organization. On the other hand, the paper aims to show what quality means from customer’s perspective. There is a survey conducted among 100 users of smartphones in order to discover what kind of features users prefer and is quality on of them or not. The results of the survey came up with the importance of quality from customer’s perspective. It shows that quality is one of the most important features users are looking for in a smartphone
Statistical-QoS based gaming for optimal power allocations over virtualized wireless relay networks supporting multimedia services

Cooperative communication is one of the efficient techniques to support statistical delay-bounded quality-of-service (QoS) multimedia (audio/video) services over mobile wireless networks by employing relay nodes, which forward the signal received from source node to the destination. Wireless network virtualization provides another efficient technique to implement the data transmissions by enabling multiple virtual wireless networks (VWNs) to be mapped onto one physical substrate wireless network (SWN), increasing the utilization efficiency of SWN. Applying the cooperative communication to virtual wireless networks provides a significant improvement on time-sensitive multimedia services in order to support the diverse quality of service requirements over mobile wireless networks. One of the most important challenges of this application lies in how to efficiently allocate the wireless resources of physical wireless networks to the multiple virtual wireless network users, taking into account the statistical delay-bounded QoS for the multimedia information transmission. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper we propose a novel game-theory based scheme to resolve the wireless resources allocation problem in terms of transmit power, aiming at maximizing the effective-capacity to guarantee the statistical delay-bounded QoS for wireless multimedia communications. We formulate this wireless resources allocation problem as follows. A mobile user starts with asking for the cooperation from the other virtual users in the same virtual network to be as its relay nodes. When at least one virtual user agrees to cooperate, the mobile user executes the following two gaming processes. First, the mobile user bids for the source-node-transmit-power resources from SWN. Second, at the same time the mobile user bids for the relay-transmit-power from those cooperated virtual users, coordinating with the first bid strategies to maximize its payoff (performance-gain minus cost) in each bid round. The extensive simulation results obtained validate and evaluate our proposed schemes.
High mobile electron gas at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface

We calculated the mobility of two-dimensional electron gas along an n-type interface in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure using the linearized Boltzmann equation. By solving the Schrodinger equation with the Poisson equation self-consistently, it was found that the interface remained non-conducting up to four unit cells of LaAlO3 film. For five or higher unit cells, the interface became conducting due to the significant overlap between the SrTiO3 conduction band and the LaAlO3 valence band. The electron gas was localized within 7 nm from the interface and multi-subbands were occupied. The calculated mobility matches reasonably well with available experimental data. It was found that the mobility is limited by the remote ionic charged layers in LaAlO3 at low temperature. At high temperature, the polar optical phonon was found to be the dominant scattering center.
Gatekeeping and citizen journalism: The use of social media during the recent uprisings in Iran, Egypt, and Libya

This critical study focuses on three major conflicts involving protests in the Middle East and North Africa. From a theoretical perspective, this research expands the study of gatekeeping by examining the characteristics of gatekeeping practices by citizen journalists. Overall findings suggest traditional ‘gatekeepers’ continue to maintain the status quo regarding news about conflict zones.
Who's afraid of the big White Wolf? Whiteness, Counter-transference, and Freud's Wolfman

This essay focuses on Freud's landmark case study of “The Wolfman,” in an attempt to reveal how white cultural imperatives function in psychoanalysis in the form of both universalizing diagnostic tendencies and hegemony in the analyst–patient relation. It also identifies in psychoanalysis the potential for a therapeutic discourse that is attuned to both cultural difference and the ways in which colonial racialization have historically contributed to its suppression.
Communal Religious Practice and Support for Armed Parties: Evidence from Lebanon

Does religion inevitably promote support for militant politics? Using a new and unique data set compiled from a nationally representative survey in Lebanon, we examine the conditions under which communal religious practice may serve to promote support for or opposition to armed parties. We argue that this relationship, far from being unidirectional and consistent, depends on the interests of the individual sectarian group. For groups engaged in conflict, communal prayer may increase support for arming political parties. For noncombatant groups, however, religion tends to promote opposition to such militarization. Using both observational and experimental evidence, we demonstrate that communal religion increases the salience of group interests through both identity and informational mechanisms. For regular worship attenders, communal religious practice increases the salience of sectarian identity. For nonattenders, informational primes about sectarian interests have the same effect. Among noncombatant grou...
Applying Typology Network Research Model to Analyze of Social Networks

This paper reviews and analyzes the development situation of network research models,meanwhile points out several factors which affect the network study evolution.It still uses explanatory goals and mechanisms to construct a 2×2 table crossclassifying the study consequences into four types,which provides a new space for network research.
Effective Fault Diagnosis Method for Composite Web Services Based on Improved HMM Model

To address the problem that most of the existing composite Web service models are of low accuracy on fault disgnosis,a novel composite Web service oriented fault diagnosis approach w as proposed based on an improved hidden Markov model( I-HMM). Firstly,HMM model w as trained by using the processed multi-dimensional feature sequences. In this process,the BW-based methods w ere not used for parameters estimation,since inaccurate parameters w ould often resulted in due to the single observation. Instead,a Bayes estimation based method to gain more objective paratemeters w as proposed. Finally,the probabilities of different fault types caused by the current feature sequence w ere computed. The one of the maximum probability w as inferred as the ultimate fault type. Experimental results show ed that the method w as effective and efficent. Due to the high diagnostic rate and the low false rate,it w as suitable for real-time fault detection in netw ork environment.
Determination methods for purity of intermediate products of HNIW

High performance chromatograph(HPLC) method used to determine purity of the two main intermediate products of hexanitra-hexaaza-isowurtzitane(HNIW) was established,including tetraacetyl-hexaaza-isowurtzitane(TAIW) and tetraacetyl-hexaaza-isowurtzitane(TDBIW).Photodiode array IR detector was used for detection,detection wavelength is 230 nm.TAIW is dissolved in water,separated with DE-613 column and methanol mobile phase;TADBIW is dissolved in ice acetic acid,diluted in water,separated with Symmetry-C18 column and methanol-water mobile phase.The standard deviations of intermediate products are not more than 1.0%,and the recovery ratios of the standard samples are 100.0% or so.With high precision and accuracy,the method can meet the demands of HNIW production process and quality control.
Complex technical methodologies and their applications in the surgery of intracranial meningiomas.

As neurosurgery moves into the twenty-first century, improved visualization/localization techniques, neuromonitoring, and advanced instrumentation will become standards of care for all intracranial procedures. This article has focused on current available technologies that can be used to facilitate operations on intracranial meningiomas. Preoperative anatomic localization with MR imaging, CT, MR angiography, and angiography are standard techniques. Preoperative functional assessments with MR imaging, magnetic source imaging, PET, and functional MR imaging are crucial to recognize and preserve eloquent adjacent cortex. Pathologic correlations with preoperative imaging (i.e., MR imaging) may help to predict the histopathology. Perioperative rehearsal of the operation can be performed. Intraoperative anatomic localization is important to minimize the craniotomy, dural opening, and passage through normal neural structures. An impressive array of new technologies are currently available, including real-time ultrasonography, frame-based stereotaxy (CT, MR imaging PET), frameless stereotaxy (acoustic localization, neuronavigators, real-time visualization), robotics, neuroendoscopy, and intraoperative dye administration. Increased understanding of the function and individual variability of the human cortex underscores the importance of intraoperative functional localization by electrocorticography and optical imaging. Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring of sensory (SSEPs, BAERs, visual evoked potentials) and motor evoked potentials is now standard during many intracranial procedures. Complex adjunctive instrumentation, such as the ultrasonic aspirator and the laser, are part of the contemporary armamentarium for meningioma surgery. As we have stated in a previous article, "Developmental trends imply realization of three major directions of technical neurosurgery: (1) precise preoperative simulation, (2) minimization or avoidance of transcranial operative corridors, [and] (3) increased refinement of technical adjuvants--both physical and molecular." The end point of these technical advances is to improve precision and safety and will enhance the outcome in each surgical procedure so that one day we will be able to operate on patients with intracranial lesions with minimal morbidity.
Gaussian fluctuations of eigenvalues of random Hermitian matrices associated with fixed and varying weights

We investigate fluctuations of eigenvalues in the bulk for random Hermitian matrices associated with (i) a fixed weight on a compact interval, (ii) an exponential weight on a possibly unbounded interval and (iii) varying exponential weights. In particular, we show that the normalized difference between the kth eigenvalue in the bulk, and the kth zero of an appropriate orthogonal polynomial, is normally distributed in the bulk. This generalizes earlier work of Gustavsson and Zhang.
First Attempts at Designing and Organizing Multicomputers

Multicomputers tear apart the single-central processing unit (CPU) serial computer. How to coordinate many independent processors of the multicomputer in ways both efficient and general is a key problem. This chapter discusses arrays, pipelines, and other kinds of networks. It also presents some general issues of controlling, organizing, and programming a number of computers into an effectively working group structure. It describes the systems that were proposed or built in the primitive past before large-scale integration technology. It reviews the multiprocessor extensions to conventional single-CPU serial computers, the loosely distributed networks, and the variety of early multicomputer arrays and networks. They pose many problems for the design and use of multicomputers. The coordination, control, and organization of such systems are handled at the several levels of hardware clocks, controllers and physical interconnections, and software operating systems and user programs.
High-Dimensional Encoding for Quantum Key Distribution and Random Number Generation

Entanglement and encoding multiple bits per photon detection in the temporal degree of freedom enable quantum key distribution to increase its secret-key rate and quantum random number generation to produce random bits at higher rate.
Human aortic atherosclerotic plaque characterisation under acoustic radiation force impulse using fluid-structural-interface simulations

Aortic atherosclerotic plaque is a common cardiovascular disease that causes complications in blood flow and arterial pulsations. The high costs and risks of intervention warrant some methods to distinguish between vulnerable plaques in high needs of intervention, from the stable ones; and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) has increasingly being considered as promising technique for doing so noninvasively. In this study, a Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) numerical framework is established to simulate the implementation of ARFI on a human aortic plaque model in order to provide parametric, quantified insights into the phenomena involved in the tissue-device interactions that could be used for tailored design and optimisation of the ARFI systems for various therapeutics and monitoring applications. The feasibility of using dynamic FSI simulations of human arterial plaques in quantifying the effects of parameters such as ARFI force magnitude, frequency, impulse period as well as the Young's modulus of plaque was demonstrated. Inhomogeneous patterns of displacement variations were found in the aorta walls and plaque zones as ARFI parameters vary. The simulation findings provide a set of baseline data to lead future animal and clinical studies of ARFI for various plaque examinations.
Models, Methods, and Measurements in Transdermal Drug Delivery

Transdermal delivery of systemic therapeutics is an attractive alternative to conventional needle-based methods. Several physical and chemical strategies for skin permeabilization have been proposed to facilitate the transport of drug molecules across the skin barrier. Validation of a particular method and demonstration of its efficacy require the selection of a representative skin model as well as an appropriate system to measure drug transport. This review summarizes different skin models used to study drug transport across the skin as well as measurement techniques used to quantify the amount of transport. A careful consideration of both choices in development of transdermal delivery systems is critical to success.
John Muir y la religión de la naturaleza

Although John Muir is the founder of the conservation movement in the United States of America, little is known about him in Latin America and the Caribbean, because his books have not yet been translated, and his life and work have not been sufficiently disseminated. To help remedy this, here is a translation of a provocative talk offered in France in 2010 by Donald Worster, his lead scholar and biographer.
A rare case of disseminated Sporothrix schenckii with bone marrow involvement in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.

Abstract Sporothrix schenckii is a pathogen with a predilection for dissemination in immunocompromised individuals, often with HIV. We report a case of disseminated sporotrichosis in an unfortunate 25 year old male (without HIV) who was originally treated for presumed pneumonia. The patient continued to worsen clinically and further work-up eventually revealed Sporothrix schenckii species with involvement of multiple organs including the skin, heart, lungs and bone marrow. Despite treatment with multiple antibacterials and antifungals, he ultimately passed away. This case illustrates the aggressive nature of this disease along with the importance of early/proper diagnosis and treatment.
Distribution Patterns of Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins on Polytene Chromosomes: Functional Correlations

The polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster offer a unique opportunity to examine the structural organization of the genome of an organism for which an extensive genetic map has been established. In many of the larval tissues of Drosophila the cells become quite large; the DNA replicates, but rather than separating, the sister chromatids remain synapsed through several rounds (up to ten) of replication, resulting in large polytene chromosomes which are easily visible in the light microscope. The pattern of bands and interbands, indicative of the variation in packaging that occurs along the chromatin fiber, is highly reproducible and allows one to identify specific loci. This pattern has been correlated with the extensive genetic map which has been delineated over the last several decades through the analysis of deletions, insertions, and rearrangements. With the development of in situ hybridization techniques for polytene chromsomes by Pardue et al. (1970) and the advent of gene cloning through recombinant DNA techniques, it has become possible to locate the positions of specific genes and to survey the distribution of repetitious elements with considerable accuracy. As a consequence, we probably know more about the organization of the Drosophila melanogaster genome than about that of any other eukaryote.
Parallel DNA Synthesis on Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The fabrication of DNA arrays directly on aminolyzed sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is described. Array surfaces typically employ bifunctional linkers or layers of covalently attached polymers to provide substrate hydroxy groups as synthesis attachment points. An amine treatment is used here to expose hydroxy groups on films of PET. These hydroxy groups can then be used to couple phosphoramidites and initiate the array synthesis without further functionalization steps. Arrays fabricated on these substrates with a maskless array synthesizer are tolerant of the high number of chemical exposure steps required to synthesize relatively long oligonucleotides. The results might be of the greatest use to the synthetic biology community, for whom a flexible and robust substrate could enable new strategies to enhance the throughput of oligonucleotide synthesis.
Aquilegia B gene homologs promote petaloidy of the sepals and maintenance of the C domain boundary.

The model Aquilegia coerulea x “Origami” possesses several interesting floral features, including petaloid sepals that are morphologically distinct from the true petals and a broad domain containing many whorls of stamens. We undertook the current study in an effort to understand the former trait, but additionally uncovered data that inform on the latter. The Aquilegia B gene homolog AqPI is shown to contribute to the production of anthocyanin in the first whorl sepals, although it has no major role in their morphology. Surprisingly, knockdown of AqPI in Aquilegia coerulea x “Origami” also reveals a role for the B class genes in maintaining the expression of the C gene homolog AqAG1 in the outer whorls of stamens. These findings suggest that the transference of pollinator function to the first whorl sepals included a non-homeotic recruitment of the B class genes to promote aspects of petaloidy. They also confirm results in several other Ranunculales that have revealed an unexpected regulatory connection between the B and C class genes.
Steered molecular dynamics simulations for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of drug dissociation and for drug screening: A test on the focal adhesion kinase

Drug-binding kinetics could play important roles in determining the efficacy of drugs and has caught the attention of more drug designers. Using the dissociation of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]-pyridines from the focal adhesion kinase as an example, this work finds that steered molecular dynamics simulations could help screen compounds with long-residence times. It also reveals a two-step mechanism of ligand dissociation resembling the release of ADP from protein kinase A reported earlier. A phenyl group attaching to the pyrrole prolongs residence time by creating a large activation barrier for transition from the bound to the intermediate state when it becomes exposed to the solvent. Principal component analysis shows that ligand dissociation does not couple with large-scale collective motions of the protein involving many of its amino acids. Rather, a small subset of amino acids dominates. Some of these amino acids do not contact the ligands directly along the dissociation pathways and could exert long-range allosteric effects. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal Wave Imaging For Characterizing Structures In Aging Aircraft

We present examples of the application of thermal wave imaging to the detection of structural defects in aging aircraft. Examples include the imaging of bonded and disbonded internal doublers, together with quantitative corrosion thinning measurements made from thermal wave images of aircraft fuselages and wing skins. We also show example images of impact damage, disbonds and delaminations in composite aircraft materials.
Petrographic Analysis of Ceramics and Clay from Angamuco, Michoacán

Abstract A key goal in the study of ancient artifacts is determining their provenance. Such information can provide insight into the production and consumption of artifacts, but may also inform discussions about local political economies. This study uses optical petrography to evaluate the tempers in ceramic samples and raw clays from Angamuco, located in the Lake Patzcuaro Basin, Michoacan. Angamuco was occupied before and throughout the development of the Purepecha Empire (1350–1530 CE) and is thus an important case study for understanding the impacts of political change on urban landscapes and ceramic production and manufacture. We identify seven ceramic temper groups and four clay groups. The ceramic samples almost exclusively match local clays. Angamuco appears to have been relatively self-sufficient in pottery production throughout the occupation sequence. While we did identify some temporal and spatial variation in ceramic production and consumption, pottery technologies and techniques of manufacture appear to have remained relatively stable over long periods of time. Our data point to multiple small-scale producers, who focused on local clays and tempers, generating numerous, complex paste recipes. The results of this analysis contribute to our understanding of ceramic production processes at Angamuco and may be compared to provenance studies in Western Mexico and elsewhere.
Case Management: System and Practice:

Case management is an advanced form of professional casework practice and a required technology for practitioners in complex service delivery systems. A multilevel model of case management is prese...
Treatment Patterns and Survival of Elderly Patients With Breast Cancer Brain Metastases.

Objectives:The main objective of this study was to analyze treatment patterns of elderly patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM), evaluate characteristics associated with treatment selection, and to analyze trends in overall survival (OS) over time.Materials and Methods:We included women
Pressure-Driven Affinity Sorption of Trypsin Inhibitors

The enzyme-coupled ultrafiltration membrane system described by Gregor and Rauf (1) is characterized by a very high loading of bound enzyme, with the specific activity of the native enzyme largely retained. The system has unique advantages. Since the feed streams are pumped rapidly under pressure, the contact times are extremely short, such that diffusion control of the process is virtually eliminated. The nature of the membrane system lends itself to the use of high speed, repetitive processing.