cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wild Pansies in Japan: Claude Lévi-Strauss as Humanistic Anthropologist

The Other Face of the Moon and Anthropology Confronts the Problems of the Modern World consist of the lectures Claude LeviStrauss delivered during his five trips to Japan between 1977 and 1988. Beyond offering his insightful interpretations of Japanese society and culture, they force us to reflect on major issues in anthropology. An underlying theme is his lifelong thesis that to understand the self of the West, one must study the other whose “wisdom” points to the end of West’s cultural supremacy. For example, he points out that the issue of biological reproduction versus social paternity—so troubling for “us”—does not exist among peoples whom anthropologists study and that they unhesitatingly give primacy to the social (2013a:57). In Japan, Levi-Strauss spent most of his time in remote areas, meeting with various types of artisans and learning their thoughts about “work.” In the oldest eighth-century myth-histories, Kojiki and Nihongi, he finds a major opposition between life and death, mediated by the third term, the short duration of human life (2013b:15). Of his favorite, The Tale of Genji, which depicts life at the Kyoto imperial court during the Heian Period (794–1185 C.E.), he emphasizes repeatedly that comparable works did not appear in Europe until the 18th century (2013a:115; 2013b:23). He is attracted by its “slow, tangled plot rife with nuance, and evolving characters whose deep-seated motivations escape us, as often happens in real life” and “a melancholic lyricism” that creates a large space “for the feeling for nature as for the sense of the impermanence of things and the unpredictability of beings.” This pathos over the brevity of life has been pointed out as the most important ethos for the Japanese (see Ohnuki-Tierney 2002). But, to my limited knowledge, Levi-Strauss was the first to point to the brevity of life as the third term, overcoming the dualism, mediating between life and death. Another of his discoveries is the “dual refusal”: a refusal of the subject and a refusal of discourse—“the Japanese make
Fur activates expression of the 2-oxoglutarate oxidoreductase genes (oorDABC) in Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is a highly successful pathogen that colonizes the gastric mucosa of ∼50% of the world's population. Within this colonization niche, the bacteria encounter large fluctuations in nutrient availability. As such, it is critical that this organism regulate expression of key metabolic enzymes so that they are present when environmental conditions are optimal for growth. One such enzyme is the 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) oxidoreductase (OOR), which catalyzes the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to succinyl coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA) and CO2. Previous studies from our group suggested that the genes that encode the OOR are activated by iron-bound Fur (Fe-Fur); microarray analysis showed that expression of oorD, oorA, and oorC was altered in a fur mutant strain of H. pylori. The goal of the present work was to more thoroughly characterize expression of the oorDABC genes in H. pylori as well as to define the role of Fe-Fur in this process. Here we show that these four genes are cotranscribed as an operon and that expression of the operon is decreased in a fur mutant strain. Transcriptional start site mapping and promoter analysis revealed the presence of a canonical extended −10 element but a poorly conserved −35 element upstream of the +1. Additionally, we identified a conserved Fur binding sequence ∼130 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. Transcriptional analysis using promoter fusions revealed that this binding sequence was required for Fe-Fur-mediated activation. Finally, fluorescence anisotropy assays indicate that Fe-Fur specifically bound this Fur box with a relatively high affinity (dissociation constant [Kd] = 200 nM). These findings provide novel insight into the genetic regulation of a key metabolic enzyme and add to our understanding of the diverse roles Fur plays in gene regulation in H. pylori.
Why Philosophers should not Despair of Understanding Scientific Discovery

We should all be grateful to the organizers of this symposium for challenging us to deal with the topic of scientific discovery. It is a topic ripe for reexamination, a topic on which twentieth century orthodoxies will, I believe, soon seem very out of date.1 It holds forth a triple challenge — first, understanding why so many philosophers since Herschel and Whewell have though that there could not be any philosophical understanding of the process of scientific discovery, second, figuring out what we should expect of a (perhaps partial and limited) philosophical understanding of that process, and, third, achieving such understanding as we are able of scientific discovery. Though it begins with some comments on the first topic, this paper centers primarily on the second (Just what goes into and can be expected from a philosophical account of scientific discovery?), addressing the third primarily by indirection.
Securing nonintrusive web encryption through information flow

This paper proposes a nonintrusive encryption mechanism for protecting data confidentiality on the Web. The core idea is to encrypt confidential data before sending it to untrusted sites and use keystores on the Web to manage encryption keys without intervention from users. A formal language-based information flow model is used to prove the soundness of the mechanism.
Syntheses of 1,4-butanediamine-1,1,4,4-d4, 1,4-butanediamine-2,2,3,3-d4, and their respective bis(ammonium nitrate) salts

Abstract : Synthesis of the title compounds from diethyl succinate and from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in 16 percent overall yield, respectively, and their bis(ammonium nitrate) salts in 62 and 60 percent yields, respectively, are described. Physical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectral data are presented.
Quadratic power spectrum estimation with orthogonal frequency division multiple windows

Studies a new quadratic power spectral density estimator implemented with orthogonal frequency division multiple windows. The windows are constructed from a single window shifted in frequency. The orthogonality constraint ensures that the estimator meets a minimum mean-squared error performance criterion. Solutions for the window are obtained numerically. The new estimator has good frequency selectivity characteristics, and its statistical properties are comparable to the best multiple window estimators available. >
Response of Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat) to three plant growth regulators in container paint mix applications

Abstract The effectiveness of plant growth regulators (PGRs) when applied in a paint mix to the inside of containers was evaluated. Two kinds of paint (regular flat latex and SpinOut ® ) were evaluated for their respective effectiveness with three separate plant growth regulators (paclobutrazol, uniconazole, and ancymidol) on the growth of Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat) (cv. Fina and Pelee) plants. Chrysanthemums grown in containers were subjected to three different application methods: interior surfaces covered by a mixture of paint and plant growth regulator (PGR) and soil drench or spray treatments according to label recommendations. The effect of composted pine bark on the effectiveness of two methods of application (paint and drench) was also compared. Paint alone had no effect on growth and development. None of the plants given treatments with paint with or without PGR, showed any sign of phytotoxicity. Plants exposed to PGRs appeared greener and were shorter than control plants. Both the regular flat latex and SpinOut paints were effective carriers of PGRs, although plants grown in containers coated with PGR/SpinOut paint were taller than plants grown with latex/PGR-coated containers. Composted pine bark slightly reduced the effectiveness of ancymidol on plant growth. This reduction in effectiveness was smaller when ancymidol was carried by latex paint but was greater when carried by SpinOut paint. These results indicate that the paint/PGR method may not represent any real advantage over the drench method to overcome the effect of composted pine bark in the growing mixes on the effectiveness of ancymidol. Chemical names used: β-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-α-(1,1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); (E)-(+)-(S)-1-(4chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-pent-1-ene-3ol (uniconazole-P); α-cyclopropyl-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5 pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol).
Proportion of treatment effect (PTE) explained by a surrogate marker

In time-varying covariate analysis of clinical survival data, it is often of interest to estimate the proportion of treatment effect (PTE), along with its confidence intervals, explained by a surrogate marker. The conventional procedure for such an analysis fits data into two working models separately to estimate the treatment effects before and after adjustment of the covariate. The construction of confidence intervals for the PTE under the conventional procedure lacks support by standard statistical software such as SAS, and could be very computationally demanding even after the support is available in the future. To overcome this problem, we propose a new procedure to simplify the computation. Under the new procedure, the treatment effects before and after adjustment of the covariate are simultaneously estimated from a single model. More important than saving computational effort, the new procedure can also be effectively applied to multiple-covariate models for the decomposition of overall treatment effect and for the comparison of PTE among several surrogate markers. The new procedure is applied to the motivating data example from the LIFE study, and demonstrates flexibility that the conventional procedure currently lacks.
Ecological condition of the estuaries of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States

Monitoring the estuaries of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastlines of the United States from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to Brownsville, Texas, was performed annually from 1990 through 1997 to assess ecological conditions on a regional basis for four biogeographic provinces. These province estimates-Virginian, Carolinian, West Indian, and Louisianian Provinces-are combined to provide an assessment of 87% of the estuarine area of the United States and 96% of the area of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Combining information over the six years of monitoring showed 34 ± 4% of the Atlantic and Gulf estuarine sediments displayed poorer than expected biological conditions, based on benthic and finfish community conditions, and 21 ± 4% of the area was characterized by low water clarity, the presence of marine debris/noxious odors, or elevated fish tissue contaminants.
Dynamic network management for firmware controlled network topology

High assurance is a collective term implying real time security, reliability and safety. We consider a load balancing utopia for dynamic media access control (MAC) in firmware controlled network media (e.g., wireless, optical network) which provides high assurance. In a firmware controlled network, frequency and time assignment can be embedded in the logical channel on the fly-that is, logical channels with various frequency, time and code assignments can be created and updated dynamically. Consequences are that, when high assurance like real time traffic is required, we can create additional logical channels to support it without leading to congestion on the existing logical channels.
Glycogenolytic effects of epinephrine in skeletal muscles of hypophysectomized rats treated with glycopexic hormones.

IN A previous study, it was shown that in normal female rats, cortisone acetate inhibited the glycogenolytic action of epinephrine in the rectus femoris and abdominal muscles but not in the diaphragm (Wortman and Leonard, 1953). On the other hand, adrenalectomy increased the glycogenolytic effect of epinephrine in rat skeletal muscle (Collip, Thomson and Toby, 1936) but this could be prevented by treatment with adrenal cortical extracts (Winternitz and Long, 1952). Epinephrine administered intravenously to fed normal and hypophysectomized rats reduced muscle glycogen equally in both instances, but if given subcutaneously, epinephrine was less effective in hypophysectomized rats (Russell and Cori, 1937). It appears that the antagonistic action between glycogenolytic and glycopexic hormones in different skeletal muscles requires further study, particularly since it is usually inferred that skeletal muscles react similarly. Since muscle glycogen of fasting hypophysectomized rats can be increased or maintaine...
Crystallization Maps for SiCO Amorphous Ceramics

Amorphous silicon–oxycarbide (SiCO) can retain large mole fractions of carbon when it is made from controlled pyrolysis of silicon-based polymers. The crystallization resistance of these ceramics, which is quite remarkable, varies with the carbon content. In high-carbon materials, crystallization is usually accompanied by weight loss (resulting from the carbothermal reduction of silica), whereas phase separation can lead to crystallization without significant weight loss in the low-carbon materials. A simple graphical method is developed to estimate the composition of the crystallized material, and the concomitant weight loss. The results are presented as maps for a quick estimate of crystallization and weight loss for any composition. Experiments with a medium–high carbon SiCO are used to quantify the degree of crystallization and the associated weight loss at 1300°C and at 1350°C; these results show that, in the case of medium high carbon content, crystallization begins with phase separation but becomes quickly dominated by weight loss.
The psychological impact of living with diabetes: women's day-to-day experiences.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger experienced by women with type 2 diabetes and the impact these feelings have on their overall quality of life. Methods Four focus groups (2 white, 2 African American) were conducted by ethnically matched professional moderators. Sessions were audiotaped, and transcriptions were analyzed using an inductive approach. Forty-one women (mean age, 55.6 years; SD = 7.9) who had type 2 diabetes for an average of 8.7 years (SD = 6.3) participated. Forty-two percent of the sample was African American. Results The themes generated directly from the focus group data are (1) struggling with the changing health situation; (2) encountering challenges in relationships with self, family, and others; (3) worrying about the present and future; (4) bearing multiple responsibilities for self and others; and (5) choosing to take a break. Women also expressed feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger, which were primarily related to having diabetes as well as managing the multiple responsibilities of being a caregiver. There were more similarities than differences noted by race. Conclusions Women with type 2 diabetes experience feelings of depression, anxiety, and anger, which affect their health and overall quality of life. The findings suggest that health care providers should assess the psychological health of women with type 2 diabetes when developing plans of care. By understanding and addressing the emotional health of women with type 2 diabetes, the relationships between the patient, family, and health care provider may improve, allowing for more successful diabetes management.
A comparison of once‐daily application of mometasone furoate 0.1% cream compared with twice‐daily hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% cream in pediatric atopic dermatitis patients who failed to respond to hydrocortisone

Two hundred and nineteen patients completed this multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blind, parallel-group study evaluating the efficacy and safety of once-daily application of mometasone furoate 0.1% cream compared with twice-daily hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% cream in children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Enrolled patients were between 2 and 12 years of age and had failed to respond to at least 7 consecutive days of treatment with a topical hydrocortisone preparation, with the last application of hydrocortisone occurring within a week before enrolling in the current study. Patients were randomized to treatment from 10 centers in the USA with either mometasone furoate 0.1% cream (n = 109) or hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% cream (n = 110) for up to 3 weeks. At enrollment, a target area of dermatitis (not the face or forehead) of at least 20 cm2 was selected by the investigator for specific evaluation of the effects of treatment on disease signs and symptoms. Additionally, patients had to present with at least 15% total body surface involvement, excluding the face and forehead, with the current exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. The severity of erythema, induration/lichenification, scaling/crusting, exudation, excoriation, and pruritus was graded on the following scale: 0 = none; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe. A total sign/symptom severity score (sum of six individual sign/symptom severity scores) of ≥ 8 was required in the target area (maximum = 18), with a severity score of ≥ 2 required for erythema and for one other sign. Patients were examined on return visits on days 4, 8, 15, and 22 of treatment and the severity of the signs and symptoms present in the target area was rated by the investigator at each visit. Areas outside the target area were also treated with the study medications and evaluated by the investigator in the global response to treatment. The criteria for global clinical response compared to baseline were as follows: cleared (100% improvement); excellent (75–99% improvement); good (50–74% improvement); fair (25–49% improvement); poor (< 25% improvement); exacerbation (a flare-up at a treatment site). No other therapies for atopic dermatitis were permitted.
A framework for creating a facetted classification for genres: addressing issues of multidimensionality

People recognize and use document genres as a way of identifying useful information and of participating in mutually understood communicative acts. Crowston and Kwasnik discuss the possibility of improving information access in large digital collections through the identification and use of document genre metadata. They draw on the definition of genre proposed by Orlikowski and Yates (1994), who describe genre as "a distinctive type of communicative action, characterized by a socially recognized communicative purpose and common aspects of form". Scholars infields such as rhetoric and library science have attempted to describe and systematize the notion of genre, and have offered many different definitions of genre. We like Orlikowski and Yates's definition because it takes into account all three aspects of genre that we recognize as fundamental: content, form, and purpose. A document's genre is a subtle and complex concept in which the content and form of a document are fused with its purpose or function. As such, a document's genre cannot be separated from the context in which it is used; the same document may be construed as being of a different genre depending on how it is invoked in a given situation. Starting from the document, a letter may be a personal communication, or a piece of evidence in a court of law, or an agreement, or even a work of art. Starting from the situation, we note that differences in an information situation are often reflected in the kind of document that is considered helpful (e.g., a problem set vs. a lesson plan vs. a tutorial about mathematics, for instance). Thus, we see genre as a multidimensional phenomenon, which takes into account not only the attributes of the document itself, but also of its role in human endeavor. In this paper, we discuss some considerations in developing a facetted classification for genres to address the problem of multi-dimensionality.
Supplier Diversification Strategies in the Presence of Yield Uncertainty and Buyer Competition

The benefits of supplier diversification are well established for price-taking firms. In this paper, we investigate the benefits from supplier diversification for dual-sourcing duopolists. We consider a two-echelon supply chain in which suppliers sell components to buyers who produce and sell substitutable products. The suppliers' output processes are uncertain and modeled as having a proportional random yield. Buyers engage in a quantity-based Cournot competition. We find that an increase in supplier correlation leads to more correlated buyers' outputs and a decrease in their profits. In the presence of end-market competition, dual sourcing still brings value by reducing the inefficiency caused by random yield: Namely, when the suppliers' yield processes are strongly negatively correlated, dual sourcing increases the expected market output and improves the firms' profits over sole sourcing. However, unlike a monopolist firm, a duopolist does not necessarily allocate its supplier orders to minimize output variability. We generalize the main results to a two-stage order-quantity--output-quantity game and to one with asymmetric suppliers.
Statistically steady measurements of Rayleigh-Taylor mixing in a gas channel

A novel gas channel experiment is described to study the development of high Atwood number Rayleigh-Taylor mixing. Two gas streams, one containing air and the other containing a helium-air mixture, flow parallel to each other separated by a thin splitter plate. The streams meet at the end of a splitter plate leading to the formation of an unstable interface and of buoyancy driven mixing. This buoyancy driven mixing experiment allows for long data collection times, has short transients, and is statistically steady. The facility was designed to be capable of large Atwood number studies (At∼0.75). We describe initial validation work to measure the self similar evolution of mixing at density differences (0.035<At<0.1). The purpose of this paper is to describe the new high Atwood number gas channel facility and present validation results for experimental runs at Atwood numbers up to 0.1. Diagnostics include a constant temperature hot wire anemometer, and high resolution digital image analysis. The hot-wire pro...
Putting Your Patron in the Driver’s Seat: Assessing the Value of On-Demand Streaming Video

Reporter: Mary Ann Jones, Mississippi State UniversityPresenters: Annie Erdmann, Digital Assets & E-Resources Librarian, Simmons College; Jennifer Ferguson, Liaison Librarian, Simmons College; and ...
Modified protocol including topical minocycline in orabase to manage medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw cases.

Objective Management of medication-related osteone-crosis of the jaw (MRONJ) with active infection can be a serious challenge for clinicians. Based on Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) recommendations, we have tested a modified treatment protocol using topical minocycline. Study Design Five patients diagnosed with stage II or III MRONJ lesions were willing to consent to our protocol. In addition to conventional treatment as suggested by the AAOMS, such as, surgical debridement, chlorhexidine irrigation, and systemic antibiotics, we applied 10% minocycline to the lesions once a week for sustained local antibiotic delivery. Results All five patients reported pain relief after the first minocycline application. Complete healing occurred in three patients; case three healed completely after the third application, one case continues to improve toward resolution and one withdraws due to other non-relevant medical problem. Conclusions In this study, we are reporting favorable results using a modified protocol with topical minocycline to treat MRONJ lesions.
Gilded Age Legal Ethics: Essays on Thomas Goode Jones' 1887 Code and the Regulation of the Profession

Abstract of Carol Rice Andrews, Paul M. Pruitt, Jr., and David I. Durham, Gilded Age Legal Ethics: Essays on Thomas Goode Jones' 1887 Code and the Regulation of the Profession (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama School of Law, 2003). Viii, 136 pages, index, illustrations. Occasional Publications of the Bounds Law Library, Number Four. This book consists of essays on Thomas Goode Jones (1844-1914) and his pioneering 1887 ethics code, a facsimile of the code, edited documents concerning its adoption by the Alabama State Bar Association, and a side-by-side presentation of the 1887 code and the American Bar Association's 1908 Canons of Professional Ethics. Carol Rice Andrews' essay The Lasting Legacy of the 1887 Code of Ethics of the Alabama State Bar Association places Jones' work in the context of legal ethics prior to 1887, noting the influence on Jones of David Hoffman, George Sharswood, David Dudley Field, and others. Andrews also discusses the modern legacy of Jones' code, especially its impact on the ABA's 1908 Canons and subsequent ethical codes. David I. Durham's essays A Call for Regulation of the Profession and An Improbable Journey discuss the code's institutional origins, Jones' composition process, and the mechanics of its adoption. Paul M. Pruitt, Jr.'s Thomas Goode Jones: Personal Code of a Public Man provides brief coverage of Jones' careers as Confederate soldier, railroad lawyer, politician and federal judge, commenting on his personal ethics as revealed over the course of a long and often controversial life.
Use of Isozyme Variation to Identify Genotypic Classes of Agaricus Brunnescens

Thirty-four commercial and 162 research-maintained lines of Agaricus brunnescens deposited in The Pennsylvania State University Mushroom Culture Collection were examined electrophoretically for isozyme variation. Based on the variability at five structural gene loci (Gpt, Adh, Mpi, Pep-LLL-1, and Pep-LLL-2) they were partitioned into 27 genotypic classes. The allelic variability observed in mycelial extracts of these lines potentially allows the recognition of over 20,000 unique genotypic classes. The fact that only five genotypic classes were actually observed among commercial lines examined is evidence that the common mushroom is a near monoculture. Data from single spore-derived cultures of A. brunnescens revealed that most of these cultures retained heterozygosity at those loci heterozygous in the parental line. A limited number of recombinants were noted, i.e., heterozygous for some loci and homozygous for others. A small fraction (<5%) were homozygous at multiple loci suggesting that they may be homokaryotic. These observations support the contention that low levels of meiotic recombination occur and the chromosomal segregation is nonrandom in A. brunnescens.
The Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension, defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg at rest as assessed by right heart catheterization, may be the end result of primary pathology of the pulmonary vasculature or of various other, systemic processes that affect the pulmonary vessels in either directly or indirectly. Pulmonary hypertension causes diverse effects on many other organs, the most important being the heart and specifically its right-sided chambers. Non-invasive and invasive methods to assess the severity of disease and the magnitude of cardiac effects have been extensively studied and many are now applied in clinical practice. This chapter will review in detail the evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension, including the methods used in the physical examination, echocardiogram and right heart catheterization, as well as guidance in interpretation of these results. Methods to evaluate the effects of the disease on the heart, to distinguish pulmonary hypertension caused by pulmonary vascular pathology from that caused by left heart disease, provocative maneuvers used to unveil pulmonary hypertension caused by left heart disease and pulmonary vasoreactivity testing are also discussed. Finally, we present the challenges of the diagnosis and treatment of special populations with pulmonary hypertension, such as adults with congenital heart disease.
Investigations on Knowledge,Attitude and Practice in Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Sichuan Province in 2006

Objective To investigate the current situation on the public's knowledge,attitude and practice about the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Sichuan province.Method Through random sampling survey with multi-stages and muhi-layers,15 000 residents from three counties in Sichuan province,with the age ranging from 12 to 65 years old were investigated face-to-face by filling in questionnaires about the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.Result The total witting rate of knowledge about tuberculosis was 60.5%,of which about core matter was 41.3%.61.2% of the public consider that TB will affect ability to work signifi- cantly,and 71.6% think TB could be cured.26.8% of the public express that they would take more care a- bout neighbors or colleagues suffered from TB,while 50.5% showed that they would like to communicate with close-by TB cases as usual.When it comes to the way attaining knowledge about TB,76.8 % of population bearded from other people,57.5 % watched TV programs about TB cure and prevention,24.7 % gained relat- ed information by radio,nevertheless,and 61.7% hadn't got any TB propaganda material before.Conclusion The public knowledge about tuberculosis is generally in a low level.Most persons have correct attitude towards tuberculosis and would like to learn related knowledge.However,the major never show initiative to learn it.The approaches that the public could learn the knowledge are not many,and the coverage of the prevention and treatment information is low.
Unlabeled Antibody-Enzyme Method to Localize Antigens

A method has been developed to detect antigens or antigenic receptors on cell surfaces with great sensitivity, using a per-oxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) soluble antigen-antibody complex. The procedure requires specific antisera but no covalent coupling between the reagents. They react with each other as antigens and antibodies and the whole complex formation can be detected with ease and great sensitivity because the catalytic site of the peroxidase enzyme is not inhibited by antiperoxidase antibodies. This is one of the few enzymes in which antibodies to the enzyme do not interfere with the enzymatic activity.
An introduction to the interstitial lung diseases.

SUMMARY The interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that have similar clinical, roentgenographic, and physiologic features. The histopathology of most is characterized by an alveoli tis and alveolar septal fibrosis. Current concepts are that connective tissue alterations are preceded and caused by the alveolitis. Clinicopathologic correlative data indicate that patients with an active alveolitis with minimal fibrosis are most likely to respond to treatment. Those patients with minimal alveolitis and severe fibrosis are unlikely to respond to treatment. Although lung biopsy is the standard for assessing the severity of alveolitis, chest roentgenograms and pulmonary function testing can be useful in some diseases. Recently, gallium lung scanning and bronchoalveolar lavage have emerged as promising monitors of disease activity. Gallium scans appear to be useful, but additional studies are needed. Although bronchoalveolar analysis will probably be a valuable aid in managing patients with interstitial disease, it cannot be recommended in the routine evaluation of these patients.
Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Exploring Theoretical Foundations for Understanding Employee Resilience

Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) provide a summary of the conceptual confusion surrounding the construct of resilience as well as several key recommendations for spurring future organizational research on resilience. However, we feel that two key points were not adequately addressed in the focal article. First, we argue that we cannot fully understand the concept of resilience or apply it in our field of organizational studies without first understanding its fundamental theoretical groundings. Many of these underlying theoretical foundations on resilience were founded in and advanced through 50+ years of theory and research on family resilience literature; however, many of these perspectives were not addressed in the focal article. In this commentary, we outline and provide contextualized examples of how to apply one of the most widely used and empirically supported theoretical models of resilience—the ABC-X model (Hill, 1958)—to the work domain. Using the ABC-X model as a starting framework, we then highlight several additional theoretical perspectives that can inform research on employee resilience: Masten's (2001) ordinary magic, Antonovsky's (1979) sense of coherence, and Walsh's (2003) focus on strengths.
Academic Consequences of Multiple Victimization and the Role of School Security Measures

Adolescents who experience multiple victimization (i.e., victimization on a regular basis) are at greater risk for having negative academic outcomes including lower achievement and poorer attendance than those who do not experience such victimization. Yet, the role of school contexts in this relationship remains unclear. Nevertheless, school-based efforts to reduce victimization often focus on altering contexts without sufficient evidence of associations with improved student outcomes. School security measures constitute one such suite of contextual interventions aimed at reducing victimization. This study tested a moderated mediation model in which the relationship between multiple victimization and academic performance is mediated by absenteeism, and the relationship between multiple victimization and absenteeism is moderated by the presence of school security measures. Participants were 5930 (49.6% female and 79.51% White) 12- to 18-year-old adolescents from a national sample collected through the 2011 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey. Results of path analysis models indicated that the relationship between multiple victimization and academic performance was partially mediated by absenteeism, and that both metal detectors and security guards moderated the relationship between multiple victimization and absenteeism. Additional analyses revealed the utility of considering subpopulations of victims characterized by specific facets of their contexts. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.
Toward a Quantitative Understanding of the Sulfate-Mediated Synthesis of Pd Decahedral Nanocrystals with High Conversion and Morphology Yields

We report a systematic study of the sulfate-mediated polyol synthesis of Pd decahedra in an attempt to maximize both the conversion and morphology yields. Quantitative analyses of the as-obtained products reveal the presence of nanocrystal populations with distinct ranges of size. Samples collected in the early stage of a standard synthesis indicate that this size distribution is likely caused by the coalescence of the initially formed decahedral nuclei. Kinetic measurements clearly show the impact of the sulfate additive on the initial reduction rate and thus the yield of decahedral nuclei. Based on the mechanistic understanding developed over the course of this work, we were able to significantly improve the conversion and morphology yields of the Pd decahedra synthesis by introducing a second reducing agent after the completion of homogeneous nucleation. The improvement in yields for the Pd decahedra synthesis will increase the availability of these nanocrystals as catalytic materials and as a unique p...
On-chip plasmonic photonic crystals for near-infrared absorption spectroscopy

Infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy is widely accepted as a reliable technique for chemical and biological sensing. However, most commercially available IR spectroscopy systems are expensive, bulky bench-top instruments. Demand for developing low cost, portable IR spectroscopy system is continuously growing, especially an on-chip IR spectroscopy that can be conveniently used for field testing is highly desired. In the past years, several on-chip approaches, such as arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), Echelle diffraction grating (EDG), superprism-based photonic crystal, microresonator array, and filter array based on Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities have been reported. However, these techniques suffer from the tradeoff between spectral resolution and operating bandwidth, which limits their practice applications. We demonstrated a new kind of on-chip spectrometer to measure the IR absorption of aromatic compounds, xylene in this paper, achieving wide operating bandwidth over 270nm in near-infrared (NIR) wavelength and a relatively high spectral resolution around 10 nm. The spectrometer uses a band-pass filter array based on narrow-band plasmonic photonic crystals as wavelength-selective components. By measuring the transmitted power of each filter under normal incident from a broadband light source, we can extract the spectroscopy information. The proposed spectrometer has the advantage of ultra-compact size, high throughput (when used with NIR camera), excellent reliability, and wide operating bandwidth which shows great potentials for cost-effective, portable IR spectroscopy system that can be used in a variety of applications such as pollution monitoring and environmental protection.
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) results from inhibition of alveolisation by mediators of injury. One mediator is transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), which is a multifunctional signalling molecule. Signalling is initiated by binding of TGFβ to its receptors TBRI and TBRII, which activate SMAD and lead to altered expression of target genes. The level of bioactive TGFβ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of preterm infants correlates with the severity of BPD. Therefore, reduction or inactivation of TGFβ and its signalling may present a potentially viable preventive strategy for BPD. Objective: To investigate the mechanisms and the role of TGFβ in normal lung development and injury. Methods: We used a Cre-LoxP system of conditional, cell type-specific gene deletion to inactivate either TBRI or TBRII genes in the murine lung. The Cre gene was directed by Nkx2.1 whose expression coincides with the onset of lung morphogenesis. Results: Lung epithelial-specific deletion of the TBRI gene inhibited progenitor/stem cell lineages including those of Clara cells. Gene expression analysis showed abnormal Hes 1 and Mesh1 expression in TBRI (−/−) lungs, two pathways with important roles in progenitor/stem cell homeostasis. Epithelial-specific deletion of the TBRII gene resulted in precocious maturation, enhanced alveolisation and protection against lung injury (“super mice”). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the role of TGFβ in the lung is both physiological (“good”) and pathophysiological (“bad”) dependent on context. These data have implications for potential gene or other preventive/therapeutic strategies to abrogate TGFβ in the lungs of preterm neonates at risk of BPD. Funding: This study was supported by NIH and The Hastings Foundation.
Investigation of optical phase noise in long, deployed fiber links for quantum networks

We investigated the phase noise of an ∼83-km-long optical fiber link between Lincoln Laboratory and MIT for a quantum communication system and observed a noise process that is not governed entirely by a random-walk process.
Paramagnetic Properties of Metal-Free Boron-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Application for Safe Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A boron-doped graphene quantum dot (B-GQD) as a metal-free multimodal contrast agent (CA) for safe magnetic resonance imaging and fluorescence imaging is reported. In vivo T1 -weighted magnetic resonance images show that B-GQDs induce significant contrast enhancement on the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney, and sustain for more than 1 h, about 10 times longer than Gd-based CAs currently used in clinic.
Lo subalterno dentro de Europa: Sobre la película "Caché" de Michael Haneke / Subalternity within Europe: About "Cache", Michael Haneke's film

Se aborda la naturaleza de la representacion estetica de lo subalterno (en cine, literatura, fotografia, artes plasticas, teatro y performance, etc.) en la cultura europea contemporanea. ?Estas representaciones simplemente reproducen (o establecen en primera instancia ) los parametros mismos de la relacion dominante/subalterno? ?Lo subalterno solo aparece en su negatividad fundacional con una critica de la autoridad de la representacion estetica en si, como institucion racial y colonial? ?Tiene lo subalterno una modalidad estetica en si? Se desrrollan respuestas a estas preguntas a traves de un examen detallado de la pelicula de Michael Haneke, Cache (2005), que versa sobre una especie de historia secreta (escondida) del sujeto islamico en Europa, y su relacion con el mundo del arte y la cultura.
A case of engraftment syndrome in the medical intensive care unit

Engraftment syndrome (ES) is an increasingly diagnosed complication after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Clinical presentation most commonly includes, but is not limited to fever, diarrhea, and skin rash developing at the time of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery. Due to the broad and pleiotropic clinical presentation, ES can be a challenging diagnosis. Furthermore, despite many reports about the presentation of ES, the syndrome is still not completely understood. While most presentations of ES are mild and can either resolve spontaneously or with a brief course of systemic corticosteroids, mortality rates ranging from 8%-18% have been described. We present a case of ES in a critical care setting. A male patient who had an allogeneic HCT and developed fevers, diffuse skin rash, acute kidney injury and hypoxemic respiratory failure after his absolute neutrophilic count started recovering from nadir. He was subsequently transferred to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) for further management, where he was initially managed with mechanical ventilation, vasopressors and antibiotics. An extensive workup that included bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and failed to show an infectious etiology. Due to concern for ES, patient was started on steroids and his clinical status dramatically improved. The patient was eventually extubated and transferred back to the floor in stable condition. It is important for internists and critical care physicians in the MICU to be aware of post-HCT complications and be cognizant of the clinical signs of ES to better understand the syndrome and its management.
Ketogenic Diet Therapy in Infants: Efficacy and Tolerability.

Abstract Purpose This study evaluated tolerability and efficacy of the ketogenic diet in infants less than 12 months of age. Methods Infants less than 12 months of age, commencing the ketogenic diet between September 2007 and July 2016 were identified. Records were reviewed for epilepsy details, diet initiation details, efficacy and tolerability. Results Twenty-seven infants commenced the ketogenic diet (56% male, median age seven months). Median age at seizure onset was 1.9 months and 92% had daily seizures. An epilepsy syndrome was noted in 19 (West-11, epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures-5, early myoclonic encephalopathy-1, Ohtahara-1, Dravet-1). Infants were on a median of two and had failed a median of one medications for lack of efficacy. All initiated a traditional ketogenic diet at full calories without fasting, and all but one started the diet in hospital. Significant hypoglycemia during initiation was seen in two - both had emesis +/- decreased oral intake. Eighty-eight percent developed urinary ketosis by 48 hours and all were successfully discharged on the diet (median ratio 3:1). Of those continuing dietary therapy, responder rates at one, six and 12 months were 68%, 82% and 91%, with 20%, 29% and 27% achieving seizure freedom. By 12 months, two stopped the diet for serious adverse effects, five discontinued for lack of efficacy, six were lost to follow-up and two died of unrelated causes. Conclusions The ketogenic diet is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for infants with intractable epilepsy. In-hospital initiation is strongly recommended due to risk of hypoglycemia with emesis or reduced intake.
Southern Fried Family Planning: Reproductive Politics in the South

We examine regulations in thirteen Southern states regarding access to legal abortion, procedures for juveniles and minors seeking birth control or abortions, clinic regulations, and the dynamics of public funding of birth control and abortion. Southern state legislatures play an important strategic role in national anti-legal abortion politics. We analyze the paradox of the Southern population utilizing legal abortion and birth control at comparable levels to other regions of the country, while Southern legislatures consistently restrict access to these options. Our paper integrates gender, social class, race, and sexuality into our analysis of this aspect of Southern and national politics.
The Maximum Entropy Method: The Problem of Missing Data

The maximum entropy method is reviewed and adapted to treat the problems posed by noisy and by missing data. Examples of the use of the extended maximum entropy method are presented.
Sensory Transduction Network of E. coli

The genome of Escherichia coli K12 encodes at least 6 classes of sensor proteins: 30 histidine protein kinases, 5 methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, 23 membrane components of the sugar:phosphotransferase system (PTS), 29 proteins with diguanylate cyclase and/or c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase activity and two predicted serine/threonine protein kinases. The full signal transduction network additionally includes 32 response regulators, numerous chemotaxis proteins, PTS components, adenylate cyclase, CRP, and uncharacterized c-di-GMP-responsive components. Bacterial response to environmental signals can occur on several levels: the level of individual genes and proteins (changes in gene expression, post-translational regulation), the whole-cell level (chemotaxis), and the multicellular level (biofilm formation). All signal transduction systems are energy-dependent but their energy expenditure is miniscule compared to that of the processes they regulate. A better understanding of the signal transduction mechanisms and integration of these mechanisms into the metabolic pathway model of the E. coli cell will remain major challenges for systems biology.
Carousel: scalable logging for intrusion prevention systems

We address the problem of collecting unique items in a large stream of information in the context of Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPSs). IPSs detect attacks at gigabit speeds and must log infected source IP addresses for remediation or forensics. An attack with millions of infected sources can result in hundreds of millions of log records when counting duplicates. If logging speeds are much slower than packet arrival rates and memory in the IPS is limited, scalable logging is a technical challenge. After showing that naive approaches will not suffice, we solve the problem with a new algorithm we call Carousel. Carousel randomly partitions the set of sources into groups that can be logged without duplicates, and then cycles through the set of possible groups. We prove that Carousel collects almost all infected sources with high probability in close to optimal time as long as infected sources keep transmitting. We describe details of a Snort implementation and a hardware design. Simulations with worm propagation models show up to a factor of 10 improvement in collection times for practical scenarios. Our technique applies to any logging problem with non-cooperative sources as long as the information to be logged appears repeatedly.