cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fault Diagnosis by Qualitative Trend Analysis of the Principal Components

Qualitative trend analysis (QTA) is a data-driven semi-quantitative technique that has been used for process monitoring and fault detection and diagnosis (FDD). Though QTA provides quick and accurate diagnosis—the increase in computational complexity of QTA with the increase in the number of sensors used for diagnosis—may prohibit its real-time application for very large-scale plants. In most of the chemical plants, the measurements are highly redundant and this redundancy can be exploited by performing principal component analysis (PCA) on the measured data. In this paper, we present a PCA–QTA technique for fault diagnosis (FD) in large-scale plants. Essentially, QTA is applied on the principal components rather than on the sensor data. The proposed approach is tested on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process. The reduction in computational complexity in trend-extraction is about 40%. This reduction in computational complexity is expected to increase considerably for larger processes.
Iodine Concentrations in US Milk: Variation Due to Time, Season, and Region

Abstract The iodine content of milk is influenced primarily by the iodine added to animal feed and by iodophor sanitizing solutions used in the dairy industry. Variability of these practices may result in variation of iodine concentrations in milk. Some seasonal and perhaps regional variation in iodine concentrations in milk may reflect the amount of indoor feeding (i.e., iodine supplemented feed) during the colder months versus outdoor pasture feeding during the warmer months. The proportion of indoor versus outdoor feeding depends upon the climate of the particular geographical area. Milks and other dairy products from the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study were analyzed for iodine quarterly from 1982 to 1990. The iodine concentrations in fluid milks were evaluated over time, by season (summer, spring, winter, and fall), and by region (East, South, Central, and West). Iodine in fluid milks averaged 23 μg/100 g and ranged from 16 μg/100 g in the summer and fall in the East to 34 μg/100 g in the winter in the East. Iodine was highest in the winter (27 μg/100 g) and lowest in the summer (19 μg/100 g) and higher in western and central states (25 and 27 μg/100 g, respectively) than in eastern states (18 μg/100 g).
Regulation of RraA, a Protein Inhibitor of RNase E-Mediated RNA Decay

ABSTRACT The recently discovered RraA protein acts as an inhibitor of the essential endoribonuclease RNase E, and we demonstrated that ectopic expression of RraA affects the abundance of more than 700 transcripts in Escherichia coli (K. Lee, X. Zhan, J. Gao, J. Qiu, Y. Feng, R. Meganathan, S. N. Cohen, and G. Georgiou, Cell 114:623-634, 2003). We show that rraA is expressed from its own promoter, PrraA, located in the menA-rraA intergenic region. Primer extension and lacZ fusion analysis revealed that transcription from PrraA is elevated upon entry into stationary phase in a σs-dependent manner. In addition, the stability of the rraA transcript is dependent on RNase E activity, suggesting the involvement of a feedback circuit in the regulation of the RraA level in E. coli.
Formation of tethered supported bilayers via membrane-inserting reactive lipids

Abstract Fluid phospholipid bilayers partially bound to a supporting polymer cushion (tethered supported membranes) have been widely discussed as model systems for studying biomembrane structure and function. We have synthesized a new isothiocyanate-functionalized lipid from dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine, which closely resembles naturally occurring membrane lipids. Monolayers containing the reactive lipid at the air–water interface covalently bind to the amino functionalities of branched polyethylenimine (PEI) added to the water subphase which could be shown by infrared spectroscopy. At neutral pH, PEI is cationically charged which guarantees the transfer of a polymer-supported lipid monolayer onto a mica substrate during Langmuir–Blodgett deposition. A second layer of pure dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine can be deposited by vesicle adsorption. This system should allow the application of techniques such as the surface forces apparatus (SFA) technique to investigate interbilayer forces, membrane–polymer interactions, and other dynamic membrane properties under near in-vivo conditions.
Unconfined compressive strength and post-freeze–thaw behavior of fine-grained soils treated with geofiber and synthetic fluid

Abstract This study focuses on a relatively new non-traditional stabilizer (synthetic fluid) used in conjunction with geofiber to improve the strength characteristics of a low-plasticity fine-grained soil. The investigation is based on unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. An efficient geofiber dosage was determined for the soil; treating it with geofiber only for the dosage rates varying from 0.2% to 1% by weight of dry soil. The individual contribution of the geofiber and synthetic fluid to the UCS gain was studied through testing each additive independently with the soil. Additionally, UCS tests were conducted on soil samples treated with geofiber and synthetic fluid together. All experiments were conducted for both unsoaked and soaked sample conditions. Strength developments were also investigated under freezing and thawing conditions. The treatment results are discussed in detail in terms of UCS and stress–strain response of the UCS test. The results demonstrate that the use of geofiber with synthetic fluid provided the highest UCS improvement (170% relative gain) in unsoaked samples when compared with the other treatment configurations. On the other hand, the synthetic fluid, when used alone, caused a relative decrease of 21% in the UCS of untreated soil in soaked conditions. The use of geofiber with synthetic fluid performed better in terms of the UCS under freezing and thawing conditions, while the synthetic fluid alone under the same conditions performed inadequately. The stress–strain responses of the soil treated with geofiber and synthetic fluid in terms of post-peak strength, strain hardening, and ductility were better than that of treated with synthetic fluid alone. Finally, the resilient modulus for the various treatment configurations was estimated from the UCS results. The findings indicate that the investigated soil stabilization technology appears to be promising for sites that can be represented by unsoaked conditions (i.e., where adequate drainage and unsaturated conditions can be ensured).
The radiographic expression of radiotherapeutic injury: an overview.

Abstract This overview is designed to present basic concepts of radiation pathology in a concise fashion. It is my hope that by defining the limits of tolerance of normal tissues and organs and the time of appearance of radiation lesions, a sound basis will be provided for differential diagnosis of radiotherapeutic injury by current diagnostic radiologic and radioisotopic methods.
Evolution of high genetic variability in the rare Hawaiian fern Adenophorus periens and implications for conservation management

Abstract Adenophorus periens is a rain forest-dwelling epiphytic fern and is known only from one population on the island of Hawaii (Kahaualea) and from a few scattered individuals on the islands of Kauai and Molokai. A genetic survey was conducted of the Kahaualea population employing protein electrophoresis. The individuals sampled expressed extremely high levels of allozymic variability compared to two more widespread congeneric species ( A. tamariscinus and A. tripinnatifidus ). All individuals examined were produced via sexual recombination. Given the extremely young volcanic substrate upon which the Kahaualea forest has developed, the historical factors leading to the high genetic variability of A. periens are somewhat obscure. The outcrossed mating system of this species may play a key role in the maintenance of genetic diversity in combination with its perennial life cycle. Because the lack of neighboring populations precludes the influx of new genetic variability via gene flow, the population must rely solely on the appearance and incorporation of new mutations as sources of new variability. The data suggest that this genetically diverse population is not likely to suffer genetically from minor reductions in population size over the short term. The most obvious potential threats to A. periens are those affecting the demography of the population and include habitat destruction by lava flows, death of host trees through stand-level dieback, chance loss of individuals by a variety of mechanisms, and the adverse effects of gaseous emissions from volcanic activity and geothermal development. The State of Hawaii should undertake an artificial propagation and transplantation program to establish populations in less threatened, suitable habitats.
The Role of Gravity Wave Induced Drag and Diffusion in the Momentum Budget of the Mesosphere

A slight modification of the parameterization suggested by Lindzen (1981) for the zonal drag and eddy diffusion effects generated by breaking internal gravity waves in the mesosphere is tested using a severely truncated midlatitude beta-plane channel model. It is found that realistic mean zonal flow profiles with zonal wind reversals above the mesopause can be simulated for both winter and summer radiative heating conditions provided that a gravity-wave spectrum is assumed which includes both stationary waves and waves of relatively large phase speeds. These results contrast greatly with the unrealistic mean wind profiles produced when Rayleigh friction is used to parameterize the effects of small scale motions on the mean flow.
Education for perioperative medicine

Summary Education programs that teach perioperative medicine in anesthesia departments that practice it are vital to promote the transition in our specialty from providing operating room anesthesia to providing a full range of care for the surgical patient. Undergraduate and graduate programs, along with more subtle education of the public, will not only create a cadre of practitioners who are able and eager to provide these services, but a generation of physicians, administrators, and patients who expect them.
Visions as ‘Good to Think’: A Cognitive Approach to Visionary Experience in Islamic Sufi Thought

Abstract This article explores one type of visionary experience described and interpreted by mystics within certain traditions, which may be termed a ‘cognitive’ or ‘gnostic’ vision. Such visions provide information or offer solutions to problems of theology or religious interpretation. A close textual analysis of a selection from the writings of an eighteenth century Indian Sufi, Shāh Wali Allāh of Delhi, demonstrates this process of intensive thinking through superimposed grids which combine elements of religious symbol systems. This type of thinking triggers a mystical experience which is subsequently interpreted in a problem solving or divinatory mode.
Emergency contraception: to the editor.

To the Editor .— I was delighted to see the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on emergency contraception (EC) in the October issue of Pediatrics .1 I also applaud the publication of the fact sheet for parents and adolescents and the speaking points for pediatricians in the members-only section of the www.aap.org Web site. The policy statement joins those of other professional organizations dedicated to the reproductive health of adolescents such as the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Society for Adolescent Medicine, who likewise support adolescents' over-the-counter access to EC. This policy statement provides important information about EC to our membership and, in doing so, legitimizes and standardizes the expectation that pediatricians routinely counsel about and prescribe EC to adolescents. I would like to commend the Committee on Adolescence for highlighting the following in their policy statement: 1. Although approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, EC is effective up to 120 hours (or 5 days) after unprotected intercourse. 2. Pills with norethindrone (not just those with norgestrel and levonorgestrel) can be used for EC. 3. Plan B is the EC regimen of choice because of its higher efficacy and less adverse effects compared with combination methods of EC. 4. Plan B should be prescribed as 2 tablets in a single dose instead of splitting the …
Simple, analytical criteria for the sequencing of distillation columns

A quantitative criterion for the selection of simple distillation sequences is derived for ideal mixtures. A simple cost model, along with a short-cut solution of Underwood's equations, gives an analytical form for the total vapor rate, which is the key design variable. The results for column sequencing that are based on the analytical criterion agree well with more exact solutions, but they indicate that in numerous situations the commonly accepted heuristics are incorrect.
Research review: The relationship between childhood violence exposure and juvenile antisocial behavior: a meta-analytic review.

Background: The connection between childhood violence exposure and antisocial behavior in adolescence has received much attention and has important implications for understanding and preventing criminal behavior. However, there are a limited number of well-designed prospective studies that can suggest a causal relationship, and little is known about the magnitude of the relationship. Methods: This meta-analysis provides a quantitative comparison of 18 studies (N = 18,245) assessing the relationship between childhood (before age 12) violence exposure and adolescent antisocial behavior. An overall effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated for each study, an average for the 18 studies, and averages for subsets of analyses within studies. Results: Results indicated a small effect from prospective studies (d = .31) and a large effect from cross-sectional studies (d = .88). The effect for victimization (d = .61) was larger than for witnessing violence (d = .15). Conclusions: Effect size varied across studies employing different methodologies, populations, and conceptualizations of violence exposure and antisocial behavior. These findings do not support a simple, direct link from early violence exposure to antisocial behavior but suggest that many factors influence this relationship. Language: en
Energy Aware Mapping for Reconfigurable Wireless MPSoCs

Energy management for multimode software defined radio systems remains a daunting challenge. This brief develops a high level framework that generates a multiprocessor systems on chip architecture from a library of heterogeneous processing resources that can be reconfigured to support various modes of operation. The framework proposes joint task and core mapping with system level floorplanning. With the objective of minimizing energy, we develop an analytical probabilistic model that considers static, dynamic, configuration, and communication energy components for multiple applications characterized by probabilities of execution. Finally, a fast energy aware joint task and core mapping heuristic is proposed and performance is demonstrated on realistic benchmarks.
Olanzapine and Risperidone Disrupt Conditioned Avoidance Responding in Phencyclidine-Pretreated or Amphetamine-Pretreated Rats by Selectively Weakening Motivational Salience of Conditioned Stimulus

The rat conditioned avoidance response model is a well-established preclinical behavioral model predictive of antipsychotic efficacy. All clinically approved antipsychotic drugs disrupt conditioned avoidance responding – a feature that distinguishes them from other psychotherapeutics. We previously
Late parathyroid function after successful parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative hormone assay (QPTH) compared with the standard bilateral neck exploration

Background. Controversy continues between bilateral neck exploration and limited parathyroidectomy. One approach depends on gland size and histopathologic factors; the other approach limits excision to only hypersecreting glands. Both have excellent early operative success, but late recurrence rates with limited exploration are unknown. Methods. Three hundred twenty consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were followed 6 to 313 months after successful parathyroidectomy. One hundred seventy-six patients had bilateral neck exploration with excision of enlarged glands (group I); 144 patients had glands excised based on hyper-secretion (group II). Calcium and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were measured yearly. Parathyroid gland hypersecretion was determined by elevated iPTH levels. Results. In group I, 1 gland was excised in 160 patients (91%); 19 of 176 patients (11%) had elevated iPTH levels. In group II, 139 patients (97%) had 1 gland excised; 19 of 144 patients (13%) had high iPTH levels. The number of patients with more than 1 gland excised in group I (9%) is 3 times higher than in group II (3%) (P <.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of recurrent hyperfunctioning glands between the 2 different operative approaches (chi-squared test). Conclusions. Late parathyroid gland function was comparable with both approaches. Multiple gland excision based on size alone may lead to excision of normal functioning glands. (Surgery 2000;128:925-9.)
Tryptic digest of papain. I. Isolation and sequence of some peptides from the oxidized protein.

Investigations are in progress in this laboratory to elucidate the amino acid sequence of the proteolytic enzyme, papain (2). Results have already been presented on the isolation and sequence of some peptides obtained after chymotryptic digestion of oxidized papain (3-5). In the present paper, we report the isolation, composition, and sequence of some peptides produced by tryptic digestion of oxidized papain. Oxidized papain is not a completely suitable derivative for sequence studies inasmuch as the five tryptophan residues are destroyed during oxidation (6). Nevertheless, there are large portions of the molecule which are devoid of tryptophan, and it was anticipated that information could be obtained concerning these parts of the protein. The insolubility of oxidized papain necessitated prolonged digestion with trypsin, thereby magnifying possibilities of hydrolysis at residues other than lysine or arginine, whether catalyzed by trace amounts of chymotrypsin or by trypsin itself (7, 8). In this study, satisfactory resolution of peptides on Dowex 50-X2 was obtained with pyridine-acetate buffers. Comparison of the elution and resolution of peptides by this method and by the use of sodium buffers is given. An apparatus is described that gives satisfactory results for electrophoretic separation of peptides on paper. The data to be presented indicate that a number of the isolated peptides must have arisen from chymotryptic-like action, despite efforts to minimize such cleavage. Nevertheless, these peptides have contributed to our knowledge of the amino acid sequence of papain, and when the data are viewed in the light of other studies (4, 5), it becomes possible to identify a number of authentic tryptic fragments.
Impact of BMI on clinically significant unsuspected findings as determined at postmortem examination.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on autopsy reports of 311 patients who underwent full postmortem examinations from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2002. Clinically unsuspected diagnoses were categorized as follows: class I, major clinically unsuspected diagnoses that were responsible for death; class II, major clinically unsuspected diagnoses that were not directly responsible for death but if left undiagnosed may have resulted in patient death; and class V, no clinically unsuspected diagnoses. Two multivariate analyses were performed using 4 variables to predict class I diagnoses. Both analyses included the variables sex, race, and age; the fourth variable included umbilicus pannus size or body mass index (BMI). Only BMI ( P = .006) and umbilicus pannus size ( P = .037) were independent predictors of class I diagnoses. Obese patients were 1.65 times more likely (relative risk, 1.65) to have a class I diagnosis than the normal weight and underweight groups combined (confidence interval, 1.04–2.64). Patients with obese-level BMIs seem to be at increased risk for clinically significant unsuspected diagnoses compared with underweight and normal weight populations.
The Entry‐Inducing Effects of Horizontal Mergers: An Exploratory Analysis

Antitrust law presumes that entry normally prevents or reverses anticompetitive effects from horizontal mergers. But when sunk costs associated with entry are at levels suggested by prevailing market structure, the opportunity for entry created by an anticompetitive merger plausibly is too small to induce entry, even absent Stiglerian ‘barriers to entry.’ This is illustrated for Cournot and Bertrand models. Significant entry also makes otherwise profitable Bertrand mergers unprofitable, assuming no efficiency gains. Consequently, the entry issue can be collapsed into the efficiency issue: if a presumably profitable merger does not generate significant efficiencies, it cannot be expected to induce entry.
Assessing the usability of on-line instructional materials

Although cognitive and educational psychologists have studied learning fordecades, establishing just how moving conventional instruction on-lineimproves or detracts from learning continues to be hotly debated. And alongwith the fundamental challenge of deﬁning learning and how we implementWeb-based instruction (WBI), we also need to pay attention to the interfacechallenges posed by these evolving domains (Rappin, Guzdial, Realff, andLudovice, 1997).Research on user-centered design, usability, and human-computerinteraction can provide instructors with numerous informal but powerfulmethods to help them design WBI that is functional and supports the rangeof activities that users are expected to perform and is aesthetically pleasingand supports user expectations, scanning, search, and reading goals.
Expanded binding specificity of the human histone chaperone NASP

NASP (nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein) has been reported to be an H1-specific histone chaperone. However, NASP shares a high degree of sequence similarity with the N1/N2 family of proteins, whose members are H3/H4-specific histone chaperones. To resolve this paradox, we have performed a detailed and quantitative analysis of the binding specificity of human NASP. Our results confirm that NASP can interact with histone H1 and that this interaction occurs with high affinity. In addition, multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments, including native gel electrophoresis, traditional and affinity chromatography assays and surface plasmon resonance, all indicate that NASP also forms distinct, high specificity complexes with histones H3 and H4. The interaction between NASP and histones H3 and H4 is functional as NASP is active in in vitro chromatin assembly assays using histone substrates depleted of H1.
Maternal reasons for non-immunisation and partial immunisation in northern Nigeria.

AIM: To compare maternal reasons for non-immunisation and for partial immunisation in northern Nigeria and determine the link between specific reasons and future intentions to immunise. METHODS: Responses to open-ended questions collected through a 2007 questionnaire survey were individually coded for key words using the regexm command in Stata (StataCorp College Station TX USA). Simple percentages are used to analyse the differences in reasons for non-immunisation and partial immunisation. Logistic regression serves to assess the relationship between specific reasons for non-immunisation and future intentions to immunise. RESULTS: The reasons for non-immunisation generally differ from those advanced for partial immunisation. In general reasons for non-immunisation have to do with ideational and normative factors. In contrast supply-side factors are the reasons most often advanced for partial immunisation although lack of knowledge also plays a strong role. Some reasons for non-immunisation are more compatible with future intention to immunise than others. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to promote the uptake of immunisation need to address both demand- and supply-side factors. Increasing knowledge about immunisation changing negative attitudes about immunisation debunking myths and rumours about immunisation and addressing religious ethnic and political bases for resistance to immunisation are necessary to encourage parents to initiate child immunisation. To promote timely completion of immunisation schedule programmes will need to improve vaccine supply strengthen providers capacity for quality service and increase community knowledge about immunisation. (c) 2011 The Author. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health (c) 2011 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal Australasian College of Physicians).
NERVE-MUSCLE INTERACTIONS DURING FLIGHT MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT IN DROSOPHILA

During Drosophila pupal metamorphosis, the motoneurons and muscles differentiate synchronously, providing an opportunity for extensive intercellular regulation during synapse formation. We examined the existence of such interactions by developmentally delaying or permanently eliminating synaptic partners during the formation of indirect flight muscles. When we experimentally delayed muscle development, we found that although adult-specific primary motoneuron branching still occurred, the higher order (synaptic) branching was suspended until the delayed muscle fibers reached a favourable developmental state. In reciprocal experiments we found that denervation caused a decrease in the myoblast pool. Furthermore, the formation of certain muscle fibers (dorsoventral muscles) was specifically blocked. Exceptions were the adult muscles that use larval muscle fibers as myoblast fusion targets (dorsal longitudinal muscles). However, when these muscles were experimentally compelled to develop without their larval precursors, they showed an absolute dependence on the motoneurons for their formation. These data show that the size of the myoblast pool and early events in fiber formation depend on the presence of the nerve, and that, conversely, peripheral arbor development and synaptogenesis is closely synchronized with the developmental state of the muscle.
A 14-bit 20-MS/s Pipelined ADC With Digital Distortion Calibration

A new digital distortion calibration technique is demonstrated in a 14-bit 20-MS/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Calibration parameters are obtained in a way similar to conventional digital gain calibration. The prototype ADC has been fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process and consumes 33.7 mW at 2.8 V. Using the proposed calibration method, a 15-dB improvement of the third-order harmonic rejection is achieved. The measured SNDR and SFDR are 71.6 and 82.3 dB, respectively
Mechanical and Thermodynamic Considerations of an Assemblage of Homogeneous Elastic-Plastic States

Abstract : The mechanics and the thermodynamics of plastic deformation are considered in terms of a general assemblage or continuum of elastic perfectly-plastic elements or states. Such models not only match the external mechanical behavior of real materials structures and continua, but they also afford a simple thermodynamic definability. A consideration of the internal behavior shows that the stress-free state has the maximum elastic range. Hardening in the sense of an increasing macroscopic elastic range is accompanied by a release of stored strain energy; the stress-free state always is restorable. This behavior is appropriate for real structures and continua. However, it is precisely these continuum characteristics which make the assemblages inappropriate models of material behavior. Barriers to continuing plastic deformation are required which do exist on the microscale but lie outside of the scope of the most complex of these thermodynamically well-defined assemblages. (Author)
Use of ceftizoxime screening for the detection of cephalosporin-resistant pneumococci.

Two hundred and ten pneumococcal isolates underwent ceftizoxime disk (30 μg) screening to predict cephalosporin resistance. Forty-six isolates failed screening with 36 (78%) demonstrating intermediate/resistant MICs. Sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 95%, respectively. The ceftizoxime disk screen is an effective method of identifying potentially cephalosporin-resistant isolates.
A damage mechanics model for uniaxial deformation of ice

A one-dimensional stress-strain relationship is developed for pure polycrystalline ice subjected to uniaxial compression. The model is based on the continuous damage theories and includes the effects of elastic, plastic and brittle deformation mechanisms. A damage law for ice is established based on a statistical model for internal microfracture. Quantitative results are presented by directly relating the formation of internal cracks to published acoustic emission response of ice samples subjected to compression.
A test of three hypotheses for ovariole number determination in the grasshopper Romalea microptera.

Ovariole number in insects determines potential fecundity and can be influenced by genes, environmental conditions during development and parental effects. In the present study, three hypotheses are tested for ovariole number determination in the grasshopper Romalea microptera (Beauvois), which exhibits both intra- and interpopulation variation in ovariole number. In hypothesis 1, variation in ovariole number is a result of genetic variation. In hypothesis 2, ovariole number is influenced by nutrition during development. In hypothesis 3, ovariole number is influenced by maternal nutritional status. Females from four treatments are compared: low-food, high-food, daughters of low-food, and daughters of high-food. There is a relationship between parent and offspring ovariole number despite different environments, supporting hypothesis 1. Also, ovariole numbers are slightly, but significantly lower in individuals fed a low-food diet compared with a high-food diet, supporting hypothesis 2. Hypothesis 3 is not supported: starved and well-fed females produce eggs of similar mass, as well as offspring with similar numbers of ovarioles, suggesting that the nutritional status of mothers does not influence offspring mass or offspring ovariole number. The results imply that genetic variation and developmental conditions determine ovariole number in this species but maternal environment does not. These results conflict with previous studies of ovariole determination in grasshoppers and locusts.
CUTS: CUrvature-based development pattern analysis and segmentation for blogs and other Text Streams

Weblogs (blogs) are becoming prominent forms of information exchange in the Internet. A large number and variety of blogs, like personal journals or commentaries, are available for general consumption. However, effective indexes and navigation structures (like the table of content in a book) are not available for blogs. Therefore, it is generally not possible to navigate among entries in a given collection of blog entries in an informed manner. This paper focuses on the segmentation of entries in filter-type [9] blogs, with the aim of using this information for developing hypertext and navigational helps. In particular, we are interested in the analysis of topic development patterns that can provide information about not only the entries themselves, but how these entries develop and relate to each other. The proposed algorithm, CUTS, maps entries into a curve in a way that makes apparent a variety of topic development patterns. We then use curve analysis for automatic segmentation of topics. The resulting base topic segments are classified into different topic development patterns that can be visualized and indexed. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has very good performance in identifying boundaries in text streams, especially filter style blogs, versus existing schemes. Furthermore, compared with other topic segmentation methods, the proposed mechanism highlights not only topic boundaries, but also topic development patterns.
Susceptibility-associated genetic variation at IL12B enhances Th1 polarization in psoriasis

The IL12B gene encodes the common p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23, cytokines with key roles in Th1 and Th17 biology, respectively, and genetic variation in this region significantly influences risk of psoriasis. Here, we demonstrate that a psoriasis-associated risk haplotype at the IL12B locus leads to increased expression of IL12B by monocytes and correlated with increased serum levels of IL-12, IFN-γ and the IFN-γ induced chemokine, CXCL10. In contrast, serum IL-23 levels were decreased in risk carriers when compared with non-carriers. We further demonstrate that IL-12 is increased in psoriatic skin and that risk carriers manifest a skewing of the inflammatory network toward stronger IFN-γ responses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the risk variant in IL12B associates with its increased expression and predisposes to stronger Th1 polarization through deviation of the local inflammatory environment toward increased IL-12/IFN-γ at the expense of IL-23/IL-17 responses.
Plasma membrane isolation from freshwater and salt-tolerant species of Chara: antibody cross-reactions and phosphohydrolase activities

Plasma membranes were isolated using the aqueous polymer two-phase partition method from the algae Chara corallina and Chara longifolia, algae which differ in their ability to grow in saline environments. Enrichment of plasma membrane and depletion of tonoplast relative to the microsomal fraction was monitored using phosphohydrolase assays and crossreactions to antibodies raised against higher plant transporters. Antibodies to the vacuolar ATPase and pyrophosphatase cross-reacted with epitopes in the microsomal fraction, but showed little affinity for the plasma membrane fraction. Pyrophosphatase activity also declined in the plasma membrane fraction relative to the microsomal fraction. The V-type H+-ATPase activity, sensitive to nitrate or bafilomycin, was low in both fractions, though the cross-reaction to the antibody was reduced in the plasma membrane fraction. By contrast, the antibody recognition of a P-type H+ATPase amino acid sequence from Arabidopsis did not occur strongly in the anticipated 90-100 kDa range. While there was enhanced recognition of a polypeptide at around 140 kDa in the plasma membrane fraction, salt treatment of Chara longifolia resulted in plasma membrane fractions with reduced amounts of this epitope, but no change in vanadate-sens itive ATPase activity, suggesting that it does not represent the only P-type ATPase. Microsomal membranes from saltadapted C. longifolia have higher reactivity with the antibody to the tonoplast ATPase.
Long-Term Population Changes of a Fire-Adapted Plant Subjected to Different Fire Seasons

Abstract Long-term studies of the responses of plant populations to fire can inform adaptive management of ecosystems. I present results of an analysis of responses of a fire-adapted plant, Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt. (silkgrass goldenaster), to season of fire from 2001 to 2005 in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Miller) sandhill community in north Florida. Replicated May-burned and January-burned plots had been burned biennially from 1986 to 2004. Previous work in the early 1990s showed that populations of this species benefited more from fires during the peak lightning fire season (i.e., May) than from January fires. In 2001, however, shoot densities in both treatments were substantially lower than in 1992 and remained relatively low through March 2005. Shoot densities were significantly higher in May-burned plots than in January-burned plots between 2001 and 2005. May fires significantly increased shoot densities in 2002 (relative to January fires), but did not in 2004. Shoot densities in ...
Finite Element Spectral Approximation with Numerical Integration for the Biharmonic Eigenvalue Problem

We investigate the convergence properties of a mixed finite element method approximation to the Biharmonic eigenvalue problem under the presence of numerical integration. We give a brief overview of the results obtained when exact integration is used in a finite element method, then develop related theories and obtained the convergence rates when numerical quadrature is taken into account. The standard approach to obtaining error estimate of variational eigenvalue problems is based on the error estimate of the solution operators of the source problems. The important issues are the rate of convergence of the solution operators and the conditions required for convergence. Paralleling the work of Babuska, Osborn and Pikaranta to overcome some technical difficulties, we will use mesh dependent norms to obtain error estimates between the solutions operators. We then use these estimates to get errors estimates between the approximate and the actual eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Complications of sorbent regenerative hemodialysis

La technique est ingenieuse, elle permet une dialyse efficace avec seulement 6 l de liquide de dialyse, mais la capacite de l'appareil et la composition de la solution doivent etre soigneusement calcules d'apres l'etat metabolique du sujet. Un «monitoring» est essentiel si le malade est sous ventilation mecanique ou en presence de troubles hepatiques concomitants. La technique ne convient pas pour certaines intoxications aigues (methanol, ethyleneglycol)
Predicting the impact of promoter variability on regulatory outputs

The increased availability of whole genome sequences calls for quantitative models of global gene expression, yet predicting gene expression patterns directly from genome sequence remains a challenge. We examine the contributions of an individual regulator, the ferrous iron-responsive regulatory element, BqsR, on global patterns of gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The position weight matrix (PWM) derived for BqsR uncovered hundreds of likely binding sites throughout the genome. Only a subset of these potential binding sites had a regulatory consequence, suggesting that BqsR/DNA interactions were not captured within the PWM or that the broader regulatory context at each promoter played a greater role in setting promoter outputs. The architecture of the BqsR operator was systematically varied to understand how binding site parameters influence expression. We found that BqsR operator affinity was predicted by the PWM well. At many promoters the surrounding regulatory context, including overlapping operators of BqsR or the presence of RhlR binding sites, were influential in setting promoter outputs. These results indicate more comprehensive models that include local regulatory contexts are needed to develop a predictive understanding of global regulatory outputs.
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation

Success in cryopreservation of ovarian tissue in animal models has been applied to human female ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Investigation of this type of tissue freezing provides hope to young women facing a cancer diagnosis.
Ownership and R&D Intensity in Foreign Affiliates under Incomplete Capital Markets

Whereas international joint venture is a dominated strategy in the property rights theory of the firm, this article shows that it can be optimal in the presence of contractual and financial frictions. We use the data of Chinese foreign affiliates to test and support our key theoretical result that joint ventures are in general more R&D intensive than wholly foreign-owned enterprises and this result is reinforced in financially more vulnerable industries. Furthermore, when wealth constraints loosen, the share of joint venture in foreign affiliates is also likely to decrease and decrease more in financially more vulnerable industries.
γδ T cells and the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

γδ T cells are a subset of nonconventional T cells that play a critical role in bridging the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. γδ T cells are particularly abundant in ruminant species and may constitute up to 60% of the circulating lymphocyte pool in young cattle. The frequency of circulating γδ T cells is highest in neonatal calves and declines as the animal ages, suggesting these cells may be particularly important in the immune system of the very young. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a significant cause of respiratory infection in calves, and is most severe in animals under one year of age. BRSV is also a significant factor in the development of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is closely related to BRSV and a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. BRSV infection in calves shares striking similarities with RSV infection in human infants. To date, there have been few studies defining the role of γδ T cells in the immune response to BRSV or RSV infection in animals or humans, respectively. However, emerging evidence suggests that γδ T cells may play a critical role in the early recognition of infection and in shaping the development of the adaptive immune response through inflammatory chemokine and cytokine production. Further, while it is clear that γδ T cells accumulate in the lungs during BRSV and RSV infection, their role in protection vs. immunopathology remains unclear. This review will summarize what is currently known about the role of γδ T cells in the immune response to BRSV and BRDC in cattle, and where appropriate, draw parallels to the role of γδ T cells in the human response to RSV infection.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BREAKING WAVES OVER A SHOAL

The aim of this paper is to study the transformation of irregular directional waves over a circular shoal. An experimental study has been carried out. The resulting data has been used to test the accuracy of an existing refraction-diffraction model. Model to data comparisons have been carried out for the entire basin region including about 3 shoal diameters downwave of the shoal, with satisfactory results. Several physical processes have been identified which lead to possible disparities in the comparisons.
Using Problem-Based Scenarios to Teach Writing:

The ability to communicate effectively remains a critical skill for obtaining a job and achieving success in the workplace; however, many still lack these skills. In particular, graduates lack adeq...
STUDIES ON IMMUNE RESPONSES OF RABBITS TO RABBIT SUBMAXILLARY ANTIGENS.

SummarySome rabbits immunized with 2 M ammonium sulfate precipitable fraction of rabbit submaxillary gland extract in Freund adjuvant developed complement fixing and precipitating antibodies and a cutaneous hypersensitivity of the delayed type, specific for immunizing antigen. Sera which yielded salivary gland specific precipitation and complement fixation reactions also yielded comparable reactions with rabbit saliva. Studies of the complement fixation and precipitation reactions pointed to the presence of distinct auto- and isoantibodies in different immune sera. The relevant observations may be summarized as follows. 1. Autoantibodies. Some rabbit antisera fixed complement and yielded lines of precipitation in Ouchterlony plates with extracts and globulins of submaxillaries of all rabbits tested including the antibody producing rabbits' own submaxillaries and saliva. 2. Isoantibodies, a) Some rabbit antisera yielded precipitation reactions with pooled rabbit submaxillary globulins and with antigens pre...
Motherhood, patriotism, and ethnicity: Soviet Kazakhstan and the 1936 abortion ban

This article focuses on anti-abortion discourse and legislation in Kazakhstan where like Russia the number of abortions rose steadily during the 1920s. Increasing economic strain growing awareness of the availability of surgical abortion and changing morals contributed to this increase. Thus the very success of legalized abortion led to its downfall as women took their reproductive capabilities into their own hands and came into conflict with the states pronatalist population agenda. Abortion was depicted as a threat to womens physical well-being that could lead to infertility to an era when Soviet leaders needed an expanding workforce and military. The state began to circulate anti-abortion propaganda even before it enacted the 1936 abortion ban. However the state did not ban abortion entirely but made it legal only in cases when pregnancy is a threat to the mothers life. As part of the states drive to increase population it furthered its pronatalist agenda by instructing the public about the political significance of procreation and the ills of abortion. In conclusion the Soviet governments pronatalist policies demonstrate the way in which the state legitimated its power in part through the issue of womens health and reproduction.
Of What Value Are Student Links

The research on generative learning and depth of processing provides grounding for considering the value of the links that students make as potential for learning—the focus of this chapter. First, three levels of links indicating their value to potential learning are described. Then, results of a quantitative study that followed the cases described in this book point to relationships among characteristics of the learning environments, students’ perceptions of their strategies to link, and achievement. These findings are woven with existing research on particular learning strategies and the cases reported throughout this book. The chapter concludes with a nod to the importance of students learning to regulate their linking processes; to ignore those surface links that may be a hindrance to learning and use strategies to purposefully explore useful links.
Scale & Cap: Scaling-Aware Resource Management for Consolidated Multi-threaded Applications

As the number of cores per server node increases, designing multi-threaded applications has become essential to efficiently utilize the available hardware parallelism. Many application domains have started to adopt multi-threaded programming; thus, efficient management of multi-threaded applications has become a significant research problem. Efficient execution of multi-threaded workloads on cloud environments, where applications are often consolidated by means of virtualization, relies on understanding the multi-threaded specific characteristics of the applications. Furthermore, energy cost and power delivery limitations require data center server nodes to work under power caps, which bring additional challenges to runtime management of consolidated multi-threaded applications. This article proposes a dynamic resource allocation technique for consolidated multi-threaded applications for power-constrained environments. Our technique takes into account application characteristics specific to multi-threaded applications, such as power and performance scaling, to make resource distribution decisions at runtime to improve the overall performance, while accurately tracking dynamic power caps. We implement and evaluate our technique on state-of-the-art servers and show that the proposed technique improves the application performance by up to 21% under power caps compared to a default resource manager.