cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary multi-objective quantum control experiments with the covariance matrix adaptation

Experimental multi-objective Quantum Control is an emerging topic within the broad physics and chemistry application domain of controlling quantum phenomena. This realm offers cutting edge ultrafast laser laboratory applications, which pose multiple objectives, noise, and possibly constraints on the high-dimensional search. In this study we introduce the topic of Multi-Objective Quantum Control (MOQC), and consider specific systems to be Pareto optimized subject to uncertainty (noise), either experimentally or by means of simulated systems. Unlike the vast majority of other reported systems, the current modeling of noise considers additive Gaussian noise on the input (decision) parameters, which propagates in an unknown manner to the observable (fitness) values. We employ the multi-objective version of the CMA-ES (MO-CMA), which, to the best of our knowledge, is applied here for the first time to a real-world experimental problem, and assess its performance on the investigated systems. In particular, we study its empirical behavior on the MOQC noisy systems, as well as on the Multi-Sphere model landscape, in light of previous theoretical studies on single-objective single-parent Evolution Strategies, and draw some practical conclusions concerning the projection of fitness disturbance on the perceived Pareto front and the need for parental fitness reevaluation in elitist strategies. We show that elitism diminishes the value of the archived Pareto set, even when the perceived Pareto front is well approximated to the true front.
Optical characterization of volume-scattering backgrounds

Scattering media act in many situations as backgrounds in target recognition and remote sensing and an accurate method for their characterization is highly desirable. The use of light sources with short temporal coherence produces the depth resolution needed for this purpose. The low coherence interferometry has been used, for a long time, as a filter to suppress multiple light scattering and preserve the single-scattering characterized by well defined scattering angles and polarization properties. Recently, the low-coherence interferometry was successfully applied to multiple light scattering regime. The signal obtained from such a measurement relates directly to the optical path- length distribution of the backscattered light and, therefore, comprehensively characterizes the scattering system. The path-length resolved backscatering defines the scattering properties of the medium and its shape has distinct features for single and multiple-scattering regimes. In our experiments, the path-length domain is sampled with a resolution equivalent to 30 fs in conventional time-of-flight measurements. We will show that the transition domain between single and multiple scattering can be fully characterized using this methodology and that single scattering information can be successfully retrieved even in the presence of a strong multiple scattering component.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Therapy of Complete Atrioventricular Block Complicating Recent Myocardial Infarction

Percutaneous insertion of myocardial electrodes and electrical pacing were employed in the treatment of ten patients with A-V block complicating myocardial infarcts. The technique of wire insertion is given and representatives cases are described. Prognosis in such cases is dependent primarily on the extent of cardiac damage produced by the infarction, but electrical pacing will complement the usual therapeutic regimen.
Waves and tides responsible for the intermittent closure of the entrance of a small, sheltered tidal wetland at San Francisco, CA

Abstract Crissy Field Marsh (CFM; http://www.nps.gov/prsf/planyourvisit/crissy-field-marsh-and-beach.htm ) is a small, restored tidal wetland located in the entrance to San Francisco Bay just east of the Golden Gate. The marsh is small but otherwise fairly typical of many such restored wetlands worldwide. The marsh is hydraulically connected to the bay and the adjacent Pacific Ocean by a narrow sandy channel. The channel often migrates and sometimes closes completely, which effectively blocks the tidal connection to the ocean and disrupts the hydraulics and ecology of the marsh. Field measurements of waves and tides have been examined in order to evaluate the conditions responsible for the intermittent closure of the marsh entrance. The most important factor found to bring about the entrance channel closure is the occurrence of large ocean waves. However, there were also a few closure events during times with relatively small offshore waves. Examination of the deep-water directional wave spectra during these times indicates the presence of a small secondary peak corresponding to long period swell from the southern hemisphere, indicating that CFM and San Francisco Bay in general may be more susceptible to long period ocean swell emanating from the south or southwest than the more common ocean waves coming from the northwest. The tidal records during closure events show no strong relationship between closures and tides, other than that closures tend to occur during multi-day periods with successively increasing high tides. It can be inferred from these findings that the most important process to the intermittent closure of the entrance to CFM is littoral sediment transport driven by the influence of ocean swell waves breaking along the CFM shoreline at oblique angles. During periods of large, oblique waves the littoral transport of sand likely overwhelms the scour potential of the tidal flow in the entrance channel.
Phase I Trial of Adoptive Immunotherapy With Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Immunized Against a Tyrosinase Epitope

PURPOSE: To study distribution and toxicity of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against a single melanoma epitope. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CD8+ T cells obtained by leukapheresis from 10 patients with disseminated HLA-A2.1+, tyrosinase-positive melanomas were immunized in vitro against tyrosinase369-377 (YMNGTMSQV). Drosophila cells transduced with HLA-A2.1, CD80, and CD54 (intracellular adhesion molecule-1) were used for priming, followed by two rounds of immunization with mononuclear cells as antigen-presenting cells. 1 × 108 CTL were infused intravenously (IV) on day 1. CTL frequency was measured by limiting dilutions in five patients. 111In labeling and scintigraphy measured distribution of CTL in next five. Five days later, 1 × 108 CTLs were infused on 4 successive days to both groups. Immunohistology of response was judged by biopsies. RESULTS: Infusions were nontoxic. CTLs were undetectable in the blood, going to lungs within 5 minutes. At 4, 24, and 72 hours, they were found in liver and spleen. Lesion...
Analysis of precursor residues in lithium aluminosilicate gels using XPS and RGA

Abstract Lithium aluminosilicate gels of composition 15 mol% lithia-2 mol% alumina-83 mol% silica were prepared by adding nitrates to tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) and going through the sol-gel process. Samples were prepared in thin film and bulk form. Dried and outgassed samples were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) d residual gas analysis (RGA). XPS spectra show similar species in both thin film and bulk samples, but different relative quantities of each species. Some oxidation of organic groups by nitrate is evident in bulk samples which were heated to 70°C during the drying process. In both thin film and bulk samples, the O 1s spectra indicate oxygens associated with a silicate network and higher binding energy species such as - -O-. The C 1s spectra of bulk gels heated to 140° and 350°C in vacuum show some organics are vaporized at low temperature, while the oxidized-organic residues are decomposed to CO2 at high temperature. These species are also observed with residual gas analysis at the corresponding temperatures.
Investigating the Role of Identity Gaps among Communicative and Relational Outcomes within the Grandparent–Grandchild Relationship: The Young-Adult Grandchildren's Perspective

This study focused on the identity gap construct and examined its impact within the grandparent–grandchild relationship. It was hypothesized that identity gaps consist of three distinct dimensions: the personal-relational, personal-enacted, and relational-enacted gaps. Further, it was hypothesized that identity gaps would be positively related to topic avoidance and negatively to communication and relationship satisfaction. Undergraduates completed an online survey (N = 181), and the results supported the distinction between the three identity gaps. SEM analyses revealed that only the personal-enacted gap significantly predicted all outcomes, whereas the other gaps did not, thus providing partial support for the second hypothesis.
Behavioral states and feeding in the gastropod Pleurobranchaea.

The feeding responses of the marine mollusc, Pleurobranchaea, have proven amenable to neurophysiological analysis, and the study of such brain-behavior relationships may contribute to our general understanding of the neural mechanisms which underlie behavior. This is the second of two papers which deal with the behavioral aspect of this problem. On the basis of the animal's appearance, four behavioral states were defined and studied in three experiments. The states range from a sleeplike condition of inactivity (still state) to a food-aroused state of vigorous biting (radula state). It was found that certain reflexes and the latency for elicitation of a biting response varied with state. In the still state, responses to tactile stimuli were mostly withdrawals, while in the radula state, they were typically approaches to the stimulus or feeding actions. Also described are some of the factors, such as chemical and tactile stimulation, which influence changes in states. The results of this investigation indicate that Pleurobranchaea is capable of a type of response plasticity: that of a reflex modification as a consequence of antecedent conditions.
Affect and cognition

This paper reviews my research on emotional influences on memory and judgement. First, it is found that when people are feeling happy, sad, or angry, they selectively attend to and learn more about stimulus material that is congruent with their feeling. Beyond selective attention, it is hypothesized that this congruity effect on learning arises because congruent material causes a more intense emotional reaction, and, within limits, people better remember events that are associated with more intense reactions. Second, it is found that emotion serves as a selective retrieval cue for material stored in memory in association with that emotion. People remember material best when they can reinstate the emotion they felt when it was learnt. Third, owing to this selective retrieval, emotion influences diverse cognitions and judgements: people's fantasies, their impressions of others or themselves, their forecasts of the future, their predictions about their competencies, and so on.
Metal Films Prepared by Stepwise Assembly. 2. Construction and Characterization of Colloidal Au and Ag Multilayers

This manuscript describes the stepwise, ligand-directed assembly, characterization, and prospective applications of three-dimensional Au and Ag nanoparticle, multlilayered films. Films were prepared by successive treatments of a Au nanoparticle monolayer with a bifunctional cross-linker and colloidal Au or Ag solutions. Changes in film electrical and optical properties are reported for a series of bifunctional cross-linkers of varying molecular lengths. Interestingly, these films exhibit Beer's law behavior despite the presence of strong interparticle optical coupling. Multilayer films with greater than six exposures to 2-mercaptoethylamine and Au colloid were highly conductive and resembled bulk Au in appearance. In contrast, films of similar particle coverage generated using a longer cross-linker (1,6-hexanedithiol) exhibited higher transmission in the near-infrared region and exhibited a reduced conductivity. Measurement of the multilayer morphology with atomic force microscopy , electrostatic force mi...
Time dependent many body potential scattering and quantum well tunneling currents

Abstract Scattering is analyzed nonperturbatively for time dependent one dimensional independent particle models representing quantum well structures in applied electric fields. A compact electron tunneling current expression is given from which the Tsu-Esaki result appears as the first term in a Neumann or Fredholm series expansion. Results are recast in terms of S-matrices obtainable from the single particle Schrodinger equation. Generalized unitarity relations are presented for the S-matrices.
Cd $_{0.9}$ Zn $_{0.1}$ Te Crystal Growth and Fabrication of Large Volume Single-Polarity Charge Sensing Gamma Detectors

Detector grade Cd0.9Zn0.1Te single crystals were grown using a tellurium solvent method. Single crystal blocks of volume ~1 cm3 were prepared for detector fabrication and characterization. The grown crystals were characterized using infra-red transmission imaging and Pockel's effect measurements. Two detectors in single-polarity charge sensing configurations viz., small pixel, and virtual Frisch grid were fabricated on two crystals obtained from the same section of the ingot. Current-voltage measurements performed in planar configuration exhibited a very low leakage current of ~5 nA at 1000 V and resistivities of the order of 8.5×1010 Ω·cm. Electron drift mobilities of the order of 840 cm2/V.s and electron mobility-lifetime products of the order of 2.7×10-3 cm2/V were calculated from alpha spectroscopy using detectors in planar configuration. The small pixel and the virtual Frisch grid detector showed similar energy resolution of 3.7% for 662 keV gamma rays however, the virtual Frisch grid configuration revealed a better overall performance with a peak-to-Compton ratio of 2.8. A digital spectrometer and related software has been developed using a digitizer card and used to employ offline correction schemes to compensate for the charge loss effects, resulting in significant improvement of the 662 keV peak resolution (1.8% as compared to 3.7% without correction) obtained in the case of small pixel detector.
Behavioral problems of special needs adopted children

Abstract Parents of 757 special needs adoptees completed the behavior problems section of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. Significant behavioral problems were not indicated for those children aged 4–5 at the time of the study. For children aged 6 to 16, behavioral problem scores were elevated on the two major CBC scales, externalizing (aggressive, acting-out behavior) and internalizing (withdrawn, inhibited behavior). The degree of elevation was greater for externalizing. Elevated scores were also observed on the total behavioral problems scale and, in particular, on hyperactivity sub-scales.
Solutal Partition Coefficients in Nickel-Based Superalloy PWA-1480

Abstract Solutal profiles in dendritic single-crystal specimens of PWA-1480 nickel-base superalloy, which were directionally solidified and quenched, were examined on several transverse cross-sections to obtain the partition coefficients. Similar to their nickel-base binaries, the partition coefficients of tantalum, titanium, and aluminum were found to be less than unity; those of tungsten and cobalt were greater than unity. The partition coefficients were temperature independent in the range 1584–1608 K. The contribution of solid-state diffusion to microsegregation was observed to be negligible.
Other-oriented robot deception: A computational approach for deceptive action generation to benefit the mark

Social robots can benefit by adding deceptive capabilities. In particular, robotic deception should benefit the deceived human partners when used in the context of human-robot interaction (HRI). We define this kind of robotic deception as a robot's other-oriented deception and aim to add these capabilities to the robotic systems. Toward that end, we develop a computational model inspired by criminological definition of deception. In this paper, we establish a definition of other-oriented robotic deception in HRI and present a novel model that can enable a humanoid robot to autonomously generate other-oriented deceptive actions during the interaction.
Statistical comparison of two handwashing protocols

This paper describes statistical procedures for use in an experiment that compares two handwashing protocols. The evaluation of a handwashing protocol entails collection of the wash effluent. Colony counts for the effluent reflect the number of flora removed by the wash protocol. The analysis aims to formulate and estimate an odds ratio that represents the relative efficacy of a test as compared with a standard protocol.
Structural Studies of the Natural Antimonian Pyrochlores: I. Mixed Valency, Cation Site Splitting, and Symmetry Reduction in Lewisite

Abstract A type sample of the natural pyrochlore-group mineral lewisite, (Ca,Mn2+,Na)1.12Sb3+0.65(Sb5+,Ti4+,Fe3+,Al)2O6(OH)0.91, is cubic,F 4 3m(pseudo-Fd 3 m), witha=10.277(1) A andZ=8. The structure has been solved and refined inFd 3 m(R=0.017),F 4 3m(R=0.014), andF23 (R=0.014) using 218 (or 326) X-ray reflections [Iobs>2σ(I)] from a four-circle diffractometer and compositional constraints from electron microprobe and infrared spectroscopic analyses. Antimony is present in two valence states (Sb5+:Sb3+=60:40), with Sb5+ordered in the pyrochloreBsite (16cinFd 3 m). To accommodate the different coordination requirements of Sb3+(a lone-pair ion) and Ca2+, the pyrochloreAsite is split into 8-coordinated Ca2+onA(16d) and Sb3+on an asymmetrically 5-coordinated site,A′(96g), theA–A′ separation being ca. 0.5 A. The deviation fromFd 3 msymmetry is small, as shown by the fact that only two of the symmetry-forbidden reflections (200 and 420) have statistically significant intensities. The finding ofF4 3 msymmetry in lewisite supports the choice of this space group for certain anomalous synthetic pyrochlores that have been characterized by powder diffraction methods. A previous study that purports to discredit lewisite as a two-phase mixture is shown to be in error.
Ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6 single crystals

Abstract The role of La 3+ in tungsten bronze Sr 0.6 Ba 0.4 Nb 2 O 6 (SBN:60) ferroelectric crystals has been studied with respect to Czochralski crystal growth parameters and fundamental ferroelectric properties. Direct substitution of La 3+ for Sr 2+ or Ba 2+ results in a significant decrease of the ferroelectric phase transition temperature and, consequently, dramatic increases in the room temperature dielectric constant and pyroelectric coefficient along the polar axis. Although La-modified SBN:60 is more difficult to grow, it was possible to grow defect-free crystal boules up to 2 cm diameter with optical quality, striation-free crystals found for lanthanum modifications up to 1.0 mol%.
The Molecular Basis of Shoot Responses of Maize Seedlings to Trichoderma harzianum T22 Inoculation of the Root: A Proteomic Approach

Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for several soil-borne plant pathogens, and some are also known for their abilities to enhance systemic resistance to plant diseases and overall plant growth. Root colonization with Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain 22 (T22) induces large changes in the proteome of shoots of maize (Zea mays) seedlings, even though T22 is present only on roots. We chose a proteomic approach to analyze those changes and identify pathways and genes that are involved in these processes. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in response to colonization of maize plants with T22. Up- or down-regulated spots were subjected to tryptic digestion followed by identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nanospray ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 91 out of 114 up-regulated and 30 out of 50 down-regulated proteins in the shoots. Classification of these revealed that a large portion of the up-regulated proteins are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and some were photosynthesis or stress related. Increased photosynthesis should have resulted in increased starch accumulation in seedlings and did indeed occur. In addition, numerous proteins induced in response to Trichoderma were those involved in stress and defense responses. Other processes that were up-regulated were amino acid metabolism, cell wall metabolism, and genetic information processing. Conversely, while the proteins involved in the pathways noted above were generally up-regulated, proteins involved in other processes such as secondary metabolism and protein biosynthesis were generally not affected. Up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and resistance responses may correspond to the enhanced growth response and induced resistance, respectively, conferred by the Trichoderma inoculation.
Associative Recognition Memory Awareness Improved by Theta-Burst Stimulation of Frontopolar Cortex

Neuroimaging and lesion studies have implicated specific prefrontal cortex locations in subjective memory awareness. Based on this evidence, a rostrocaudal organization has been proposed whereby increasingly anterior prefrontal regions are increasingly involved in memory awareness. We used theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) to temporarily modulate dorsolateral versus frontopolar prefrontal cortex to test for distinct causal roles in memory awareness. In three sessions, participants received TBS bilaterally to frontopolar cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, or a control location prior to performing an associative-recognition task involving judgments of memory awareness. Objective memory performance (i.e., accuracy) did not differ based on stimulation location. In contrast, frontopolar stimulation significantly influenced several measures of memoryawareness. During study, judgments of learning were more accurate such that lower ratings were given to items that were subsequently forgotten selectively following frontopolar TBS. Confidence ratings during test were also higher for correct trials following frontopolar TBS. Finally, trial-by-trial correspondence between overt performance and subjective awarenessduringstudydemonstrateda linearincreaseacrosscontrol, dorsolateral,and frontopolarTBSlocations,supporting a rostrocaudal hierarchy of prefrontal contributions to memory awareness. These findings indicate that frontopolar cortex contributes causally to memory awareness, which was improved selectively by anatomically targeted TBS.
The pragmatic importance of theory for marketing practice

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain that theories provide an important tool for practitioners in guiding decisions by explaining and predicting consumer decision making when new specific research data might be unavailable. This is true despite the problems caused by some academic journal articles’ use and abuse of theory development. The argument for this crucial role of theory in marketing practice explains reasons why many practitioners dislike academic research and related theory development, as well as points out where practitioners’ criticisms are valid. Design/methodology/approach – Delineation of problems in journal articles and some research notes the overall value of work for marketing practice and (indirectly) points out the important value of practitioner-focused research publications. Findings – While marketing practitioners are wrong to condemn all theory development as useless, too often in too many ways, researchers and journals deserve it. Yet, despite the problems, marketing...
Effects of Response Cost Contingencies on Thumbsucking and Related Behaviours in the Classroom

Thumbsucking and two related behaviours (head rubbing and object mouthing) were observed in two 7‐year‐old girls in classroom settings. Using a mixed multiple baseline across subjects and ABAB design, a response cost procedure was applied by the classroom teachers to the thumbsucking behaviour. The procedure reduced thumbsucking, and as long as it continued to be applied with one of the children her thumbsucking behaviour remained at low levels. Data obtained on the other two behaviours were consistent with but did not provide definitive support for spill‐over effects for head rubbing and behavioural contrast effects for object mouthing. In addition to demonstrating the effects of the treatment procedure, these results emphasise the importance of using multiple measures in applied studies of punishment and self‐stimulatory behaviours. *This study and preparation of the manuscript were supported in part by contract 300‐77‐0495 from the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (now Office of Special Educatio...
An Alternative Answer to: Who Pays for Defense?

In a recent article (this Review, 63 [June, 1969]), Bruce Russett attempts to answer the title question by using two-variable regression analysis to estimate the “trade-off” relationships between the defense spending proportion of Gross National Product (GNP) and the other nondefense expenditure proportions of GNP for the 1939–68 period. This paper contends that Russett's method of analysis is misleading because it does not permit the detection of possible subperiod shifts in the trade-off relationships. The results of a multiple regression, dummy variable analysis indicate that significant shifts in both the sign and the numerical values of the trade-off relationships occurred between the three war periods and the peacetime period. Two attempts to identify the reasons for the shifts produced mixed results, but our tentative conclusion is that the shifts are related to subperiod differences in the unemployment rate and the methods of financing defense expenditures.
Isolation of the abdomen releases oviposition behaviour in females of the cricket, Acheta domesticus

Abstract Upon isolation, abdomens of adult female house crickets (Acheta domesticus) produced abdominal and ovipositor movements characteristic of normal oviposition. Oviposition behaviour was thus released even in reproductively mature or immature virgins where under normal conditions it was never observed. Decapitation was not sufficient to release oviposition behaviour but transection of the ventral nerve cord between the thorax and the abdomen of immobilized females evoked the response. These observations indicate that the motor programmes for certain components of the oviposition sequence reside in the abdominal ganglia. Moreover, the prerequisite circuitry for ovipositional posturing of the abdomen and ovipositor appears to be functional prior to sexual maturity and insemination, primed by mating, and subject to inhibition by the thoracic ganglia.
Five Fast Fixes: Finally, a good use for okra?

I hope you all enjoyed the INACSL conference in June as much as I did. It was wonderful to meet others working toward goals similar to those of our nursing program. Seeing the poster presentations affirmed some ideas we have implemented and triggered some new ones. Ideas and projects submitted for the Low-Cost Solutions Contest were amazing, creative, innovative, practical, and fun! Thanks to the four winners who sent the written information for their projects to be published. I hope you are able to use these ideas to expand your simulation program and increase the believability of the scenarios from which your students learn.
Tuning of low-index bandwidth in metamaterials

We investigate the bandwidth of optical metamaterials having low ( n<1) refractive index. From studies of displacement currents in nanostructures, a method of tuning the bandwidth and obtaining reduced loss is described.
Inter-Firm Networks and Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Structural Embeddedness Perspective

We develop a theory of the effects of inter-organizational networks on both radical and incremental forms of firm-level entrepreneurial behavior (EB). The central argument is that structural embeddedness, with its focus on the network as a whole, and its two consequences, relational and cognitive embeddedness, individually and collectively influence incremental and radical forms of EB. Relationships in our model are driven by reciprocal interactions between intra- and inter-organizational sensemaking. This reasoning leads us to a dynamic, co-evolutionary model of EB.
Localized limb cutaneous metastases

Cutaneous metastatic disease may be evident in a variety of forms and locations. Anatomically, it may on occasion be confined as localized limb metastases. We report on two patients with localized limb metastases, one from melanoma and the other from Merkel cell carcinoma. Patients with localized limb metastasis have a poor prognosis; however, treatment options not available for generalized cutaneous metastatic disease, such as amputation or isolated limb perfusion with chemotherapeutic agents, can be at times be beneficially employed.
Insulin binding to cells of several tissues of the early chick embryo.

Abstract The binding of I 125 -labeled insulin to isolated cells from several tissues of the 3- and 4-day chick embryo was determined over a concentration range of insulin from 2 × 10 −11 to 2 × 10 −7 M . The cells were obtained from limb bud and nonlimb bud tissues of the 4-day chick, from the headless 3-day chick embryo, and from cartilage of the 12-day embryo. The amount of bound insulin was found to be similar for the cells from the different embryonic tissues. Some implications of these findings for the interpretation of the nature of the binding sites and the teratogenic effect of insulin are discussed.
Recognition of inter-transmembrane regions of acetylcholine receptor α subunit by antibodies, T cells and neurotoxins implications for membrane-subunit organization

Three regions of the alpha chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AChR), corresponding to residues alpha 262-276, alpha 388, 408 and alpha 427-437 were synthesized, purified and characterized. The first two peptides have been proposed to occupy inter-transmembrane regions while the third represented the C-terminal segment, proposed by various models to be either extracellular or intracellular. Peptide alpha 388-408 stimulated a good response in the AChR-primed T cells of H-2s haplotype mice, a low response in the H-2q haplotype and no response in the H-2b haplotype. Peptide alpha 427-437 stimulated AChR-primed T cells of the H-2s haplotype, but caused no response in the q and b haplotypes. Peptide alpha 262-276 evoked no in vitro stimulation in any of the s, q or b haplotypes. In antibody binding studies, peptide alpha 388-408 bound antibodies raised against free AChR or against membrane-bound AChR. The other two peptides showed little or no binding activity. Further, peptide alpha 388-408 bound specifically both 125I-labelled bungarotoxin and cobratoxin, while the other two peptides had no binding activity. These results were consistent with only one of the models for subunit organization within the membrane.
The impact of memory demands on audience design during language production.

Abstract Speakers often tailor their utterances to the needs of particular addressees—a process called audience design. We argue that important aspects of audience design can be understood as emergent features of ordinary memory processes. This perspective contrasts with earlier views that presume special processes or representations. To support our account, we present a study in which Directors engaged in a referential communication task with two independent Matchers. Over several rounds, the Directors instructed the Matchers how to arrange a set of picture cards. For half the triads, the Directors' card categories were initially distributed orthogonally by Matcher (e.g. Directors described birds and dogs with one Matcher and fish and frogs with the other). For the other triads, the Directors' card categories initially overlapped across Matchers (e.g. Directors described two members of each category with each Matcher). We predicted that the orthogonal configuration would more readily allow Directors to encode associations between particular cards and particular Matchers—and thus allow those Directors to provide more evidence for audience design. Content analyses of Directors' utterances from two final rounds supported our prediction. We suggest that audience design depends on the memory representations to which speakers have ready access given the time constraints of routine conversation.
Elevated Umbilical Cord Plasma Erythropoietin Levels in Prolonged Pregnancies

Abstract Objective: To determine if umbilical cord plasma erythropoietin levels are elevated in pregnancies that continue beyond their expected date for delivery. Methods: Erythropoietin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 124 appropriately grown newborns delivered from 37–43 weeks’ gestation. Each woman had an uncomplicated labor and delivery course without evidence of fetal stress or meconium. The comparison was made between pregnancies ending at 37–40 weeks’ gestation and those at 41–43 weeks’ gestation. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in cord blood gases or Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes. Cord plasma erythropoietin levels were significantly higher in pregnancies delivered after 41 completed weeks’ gestation (41 or more weeks: 48.0 ± 7.1 mIU/mL, n = 45 versus 37–40 weeks: 26.1 ± 4.2 mIU/mL, n = 79, P Conclusion: In pregnancies reaching 41 weeks and beyond, cord plasma erythropoietin levels are significantly increased, indicating altered fetal oxygenation in some of these pregnancies. These results support the current practice of close fetal surveillance of prolonged pregnancies.
The Nurse Attorney's Role: Linking Legal Concepts to an Obstetrical Simulation

Abstract Clear communication is an integral factor in delivering safe, quality patient care. Nurses face even greater communication challenges when delivering care to non–English-speaking patients. Using the new Joint Commission Guidelines, which promote nursing care that is culturally and linguistically sensitive, nursing faculty used a high-fidelity simulation to address the legal issue of obtaining informed consent from a non–English-speaking patient. This article describes the nurse attorney's role during a high-fidelity simulation that provided BSN students an opportunity to care for a culturally diverse population.
political resistance in a contemporary hunter-gatherer society: more about Bearlake Athapaskan knowledge and authority

The northeastern Athapaskan-speaking Bearlake Indians prefer experiential knowledge and primary epistemic reasons in the justification of beliefs. Bearlakers base local authority on such knowledge and justification, the epistemological and political significance of which derives historically from their hunter-gatherer mode of production. In the 1970s, the association between primary knowledge and legitimate authority affected Bearlake opinion about and the form of their political opposition to proposed, externally controlled economic development. [hunter-gatherers, Athapaskan, political resistance, knowledge, authority, trust]
Renal outcomes of simultaneous liver–kidney transplantation compared to liver transplant alone for candidates with renal dysfunction

It is unclear whether a concomitant kidney transplant grants survival benefit to liver transplant (LT) candidates with renal dysfunction (RD). We retrospectively studied LT candidates without RD (n = 714) and LT candidates with RD who underwent either liver transplant alone (RD-LTA; n = 103) or simultaneous liver–kidney transplant (RD-SLKT; n = 68). RD was defined as renal replacement therapy (RRT) requirement or modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD)–glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <25 mL/min/1.73 m2. RD-LTAs had worse one-yr post-transplant survival compared to RD-SLKTs (79.6% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.05). However, RD-LTA recipients more often had hepatitis C (60.2% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.004) and more severe liver disease (MELD 37.9 ± 8.1 vs. 32.7 ± 9.1, p = 0.0001). Twenty RD-LTA recipients died in the first post-transplant year. Evaluation of the cause and timing of death relative to native renal recovery revealed that only four RD-LTA recipients might have derived survival benefit from RD-SLKT. Overall, 87% of RD-LTA patients recovered renal function within one month of transplant. One yr after RD-LTA or RD-SLKT, serum creatinine (1.5 ± 1.2 mg/dL vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 mg/dL, p = 0.63) and prevalence of stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD; 5.9% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.11) were comparable. Our series provides little evidence that RD-SLKT would have yielded substantial short-term survival benefit to RD-LTA recipients.
Isolated Right Segmental Hepatic Duct Injury Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the treatment of choice for gallstones. There is an increased incidence of bile duct injuries in LC compared with the open technique. Isolated right segmental hepatic duct injury (IRSHDI) represents a challenge not only for management but also for diagnosis. We present our experience in the management of IRSHDI, with long-term follow-up after treatment by a multidisciplinary approach. Twelve consecutive patients (9 women, mean age 48 years) were identified as having IRSHDI. Patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, management and outcome were collected for analysis. The mean follow-up was 44 months (range 2–90 months). Three patients had the LC immediately converted to open surgery without repair of the biliary injury before referral. Treatments before referral included endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous drainage and surgery, isolated or in combination. The median interval from LC to referral was 32 days. Eleven patients presented with biliary leak and biloma, one with obstruction of an isolated right hepatic segment. Post-referral management of the biliary lesion used a combination of ERCP stenting, percutaneous drainage and stent placement and surgery. In 6 of 12 patients ERCP was the first procedure, and in only one case was IRSHDI identified. In 6 patients, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) was performed first and an isolated right hepatic segment was demonstrated in all. The final treatment modality was endoscopic management and/or percutaneous drainage and stenting in 6 patients, and surgery in 6. The mean follow-up was 44 months. No mortality or significant morbidity was observed. Successful management of IRSHDI after LC requires adequate identification of the lesion, and multidisciplinary treatment is necessary. Half of the patients can be treated successfully by nonsurgical procedures.
Emergence of Distinct Multiarmed Immunoregulatory Antigen-Presenting Cells during Persistent Viral Infection

During persistent viral infection, adaptive immune responses are suppressed by immunoregulatory factors, contributing to viral persistence. Although this suppression is mediated by inhibitory factors, the mechanisms by which virus-specific T cells encounter and integrate immunoregulatory signals during persistent infection are unclear. We show that a distinct population of IL-10-expressing immunoregulatory antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is amplified during chronic versus acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and suppresses T cell responses. Although acute LCMV infection induces the expansion of immunoregulatory APCs, they subsequently decline. However, during persistent LCMV infection, immunoregulatory APCs are amplified and parallel the viral replication kinetics. Further characterization demonstrates that immunoregulatory APCs are molecularly and metabolically distinct, and exhibit increased expression of T cell-interacting molecules and negative regulatory factors that suppress T cell responses. Thus, immunoregulatory APCs are amplified during viral persistence and deliver inhibitory signals that suppress antiviral T cell immunity and likely contribute to persistent infection.
Effective leadership in unexpected places: A sociohistorical analysis of the Red Tops dance orchestra

Abstract The Red Tops, an African-American dance orchestra that performed in southern states during the period spanning two decades before and after the U.S. civil rights movement, might seem a rather unexpected source for the study of effective leadership. Nonetheless, Walter Osborne's management of the group provides an exceedingly appropriate case for just that. In this article, we examine the phenomenon of team leadership using a sociohistorical paradigm to identify and describe effective team leadership, draw lessons for organizational leaders, and demonstrate the power of sociohistorical analysis. In our endeavor, we used the framework proposed by Morgeson, Lindoerfer, and Loring to explain how the team needs of the Red Tops were met by the team leadership of Osborne, the band's elected manager. The main lesson for business team leaders is to ensure that every member feels free to express his or her own identity, while still preserving the shared identity of the team. The team's ability to function and remain intact over a long period of time is enhanced by the ability of the team leader to meet team needs—in terms of trust, fairness, and equality—such that each member may experience what it means to be a true part of the group.
INTEGRATING NEUROSCIENCE KNOWLEDGE INTO SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION: A CASE-BASED APPROACH

New knowledge from the rapidly growing field of neuroscience has important implications for our understanding of human behavior in the social environment, yet little of this knowledge has made its way into social work education. This article presents a model for integrating neuroscience into instruction on human development, the bio psychosocial model, psychopathology, and social work theory. Key concepts such as critical periods of brain development, neural plasticity, memory, cognition, and the impact of stress and trauma are discussed. Case studies and discussion questions are used to demonstrate the integration of neuroscience knowledge into social work education. We argue that teaching neuroscience will enhance students' critical thinking skills and better prepare them for direct and policy practice.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Malignant melanoma has shown a dramatic increase in its incidence in the last two decades. It is now estimated that more than 32,000 cases are diagnosed annually in the United States, so it is no longer a rare tumor. 7 Until the mid-1970s wide resection of 4 to 5 cm around a melanoma site was practiced without regard to any of the characteristics of the primary lesion, following recommendations made at the beginning of the 20th century on the basis of autopsy findings. 19 Perhaps the single most important development in the understanding and treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma has been the introduction of the microstaging methods for primary lesions by Clark and Breslow. 8,9 Ulceration, 2,4 the location of the primary lesion, and the gender and age of the patient are additional prognostic parameters. 30,34 Any discussion of the surgical treatment of malignant melanoma is meaningful only in the context of the stage of the disease. The American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, using the prognostic information provided by the microstaging of the primary lesion and the presence or absence of regional or distant metastases, has finally prevailed. 40
Numerical evaluation of methods for computing tomographic projections

Methods for computing forward/back projections of 2D images can be viewed as numerical integration techniques. The accuracy of any ray-driven projection method can be improved by increasing the number of ray-paths that are traced per projection bin. The accuracy of pixel-driven projection methods can be increased by dividing each pixel into a number of smaller sub-pixels and projecting each sub-pixel. The authors compare 4 competing methods of computing forward/back projections: bilinear interpolation, ray-tracing, pixel-driven projection based upon sub-pixels, and pixel-driven projection based upon circular, rather than square, pixels. This latter method is equivalent to a fast, bi-nonlinear interpolation. These methods and the choice of the number of ray-paths per projection bin or the number of sub-pixels per pixel present a trade-off between computational speed and accuracy. To solve the problem of assessing backprojection accuracy, the analytical inverse Fourier transform of the ramp filtered forward projection of the Shepp and Logan head phantom is derived. >
Does Homocysteine Promote Atherosclerosis

The hypothesis that homocysteine is atherogenic was proposed more than 30 years ago by Kilmer McCully,1 who observed vascular lesions in children with inherited disorders of methionine metabolism. Since McCully’s pioneering observations in 1969, a large number of epidemiological studies have confirmed that an elevation of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is prevalent in patients with stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and venous thrombosis.2 A significant association between hyperhomocysteinemia and clinical cardiovascular events has been observed in several large prospective studies, although a few prospective studies have failed to demonstrate this association.2 Nevertheless, hyperhomocysteinemia is now considered by many an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease.3 See p 1470 Homocysteine is a thiol amino acid, but only a small fraction ( 15 μmol/L and may be caused by genetic defects, renal insufficiency, certain drugs, or nutritional deficiencies of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12.5 Even a mild elevation of plasma tHcy to levels within the high-to-normal range (10 to 15 μmol/L) may increase cardiovascular risk.2 Because plasma tHcy can often be lowered by oral administration of folic acid or combinations of B vitamins, there is growing enthusiasm for treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia as a strategy for prevention of cardiovascular disease and …
On the Conformation and Structure of Organometal Complexes in the Solid State: Two Studies Relevant to Chemical Synthesis

Conformational preferences of two classes of organometal complexes have been surveyed by inspecting the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Lewis acid carbonyl complexes demonstrate a variety of coordination geometries, depending on the electronic and steric requirements of the carbonyl ligands and the nature of the Lewis acid. Similarly, the solid-state conformation of various π-bonding ligands in metal acyl, metal nitrosyl, metal acetylene, and metal imido complexes is revealed. These insights have stimulated the development of a conformational model that is based on considerations of π-bond hybridization and frontier molecular orbital theory. The analyses are relevant to the mechanism and transition structures of many synthetically important transformations. A deeper understanding of the conformational properties of organometal complexes, based on accurate structural information, will likely expedite the design and improvement of metal-mediated processes.
College students’ perceptions of the importance of sexual assault prevention education: Suggestions for targeting recruitment for peer-based education

Introduction:Sexual assault continues to be a pervasive health issue among college students in the USA. Prevention education initiatives have been implemented to address this concern. However, little is known about college students’ perceptions of such programming. The purpose of this study was to assess predictors of college students’ perceptions of the importance of sexual assault prevention education for themselves and for college students in general.Methods:We recruited college students (n = 252) from undergraduate classes at a medium-sized, mid-western university to participate in a closed-ended, paper-and-pencil survey.Results:The majority of participants perceived sexual assault prevention education as important for themselves (88.7%) and for college students in general (97.1%). Several characteristics emerged as predictors of students’ perceptions of the importance of sexual assault prevention education programmes.Discussion:Gender and age were significant predictors of students’ perceptions of th...