cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated with dose-escalated intensity modulated radiation therapy and concurrent full-dose gemcitabine: analysis of a prospective phase 1/2 dose escalation study.

Purpose Although established in the postresection setting, the prognostic value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is less clear. We examined the prognostic utility of CA19-9 in patients with unresectable LAPC treated on a prospective trial of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose escalation with concurrent gemcitabine. Methods and Materials Forty-six patients with unresectable LAPC were treated at the University of Michigan on a phase 1/2 trial of IMRT dose escalation with concurrent gemcitabine. CA19-9 was obtained at baseline and during routine follow-up. Cox models were used to assess the effect of baseline factors on freedom from local progression (FFLP), distant progression (FFDP), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Stepwise forward regression was used to build multivariate predictive models for each endpoint. Results Thirty-eight patients were eligible for the present analysis. On univariate analysis, baseline CA19-9 and age predicted OS, CA19-9 at baseline and 3 months predicted PFS, gross tumor volume (GTV) and black race predicted FFLP, and CA19-9 at 3 months predicted FFDP. On stepwise multivariate regression modeling, baseline CA19-9, age, and female sex predicted OS; baseline CA19-9 and female sex predicted both PFS and FFDP; and GTV predicted FFLP. Patients with baseline CA19-9 ≤90 U/mL had improved OS (median 23.0 vs 11.1 months, HR 2.88, P .01) and PFS (14.4 vs 7.0 months, HR 3.61, P= .001). CA19-9 progression over 90 U/mL was prognostic for both OS (HR 3.65, P= .001) and PFS (HR 3.04, P= .001), and it was a stronger predictor of death than either local progression (HR 1.46, P= .42) or distant progression (HR 3.31, P= .004). Conclusions In patients with unresectable LAPC undergoing definitive chemoradiation therapy, baseline CA19-9 was independently prognostic even after established prognostic factors were controlled for, whereas CA19-9 progression strongly predicted disease progression and death. Future trials should stratify by baseline CA19-9 and incorporate CA19-9 progression as a criterion for progressive disease.
Glycosaminoglycans of human trabecular meshwork in perfusion organ culture.

The synthetic profile of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of human trabecular meshwork in perfusion organ culture was studied in a series of 34 human eyes. The anterior segments of these eyes were cultured for periods of two to 28 days and received medium containing 3H-glucosamine and 35S-sulfate during the final 48 hours of culture. The meshwork was then dissected and the GAGs isolated and subjected to sequential enzyme digestion. Active labelling of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparan sulfate was found in all time periods. Eyes cultured seven and 14 days had similar incorporation profiles to “fresh” eyes (cultured 48 hours to allow for labelling). Eyes cultured 21 days showed an increase in dermatan sulfate labelling and a slight decrease in keratan sulfate labelling when compared with “fresh” eyes. Light microscopic autoradiography confirmed the trabecular meshwork incorporation of the radiolabelled precursors at all time periods. Thus, the trabecular meshwork ...
SELECTIVE METABOLISM OF VINCRISTINE IN VITRO BY CYP3A5

Clinical outcomes of vincristine therapy, both neurotoxicity and efficacy, are unpredictable, and the reported pharmacokinetics of vincristine have considerable interindividual variability. In vitro and in vivo data support a dominant role for CYP3A enzymes in the elimination of vincristine. Consequently, genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (P450) expression may contribute to the interindividual variability in clinical response, but the contributions of individual P450s and the primary pathways of vincristine metabolism have not been defined. In the present study, vincristine was incubated with a library of cDNA-expressed P450s, and the major oxidative metabolites were identified. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were the only P450s to support substantial loss of parent drug and formation of the previously unidentified, major metabolite (M1). The structure of M1, arising as a result of an oxidative cleavage of the piperidine ring of the dihydro-hydroxycatharanthine unit of vincristine, was conclusively established after conversion to suitable derivatives followed by spectroscopic analysis, and a new pathway for vincristine metabolism is proposed. CYP3A5 was more efficient in catalyzing the formation of M1 compared with CYP3A4 (9- to 14-fold higher intrinsic clearance for CYP3A5). The formation of M1 was stimulated (3-fold) by the presence of coexpressed cytochrome b5, but the relative efficiencies of M1 formation by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were unaffected. Our findings demonstrate that in contrast to most CYP3A biotransformations, the oxidation of vincristine is considerably more efficient with CYP3A5 than with CYP3A4. We conclude that common genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A5 expression may contribute to the interindividual variability in the systemic elimination of vincristine.
PKU and Temperament Rating Children Three Through Seven Years Old in PKU Families

Parents of children with PKU completed behavior rating forms for their children three through seven years old. The 25 completed forms represented 79 percent of the families con tacted ; 16 of the children had PKU and 9 were siblings of children with PKU. Of the 16 children with PKU, 15 were on phenylalanine-restricted diets at the time of the study. The children with PKU were rated as significantly more rhythmic, more intense, and less persistent than the siblings without PKU. When ratings were compared with those obtained from a private pedi atrics practice, children with PKU were significantly less persistent and the siblings were sig nificantly less rhythmic and less intense. There was a significant correlation between blood phenylalanine levels and persistence ratings, with children having higher blood levels tending to be rated as less persistent than children having lower blood levels.
Implicit and Explicit Category Learning by Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)

Current theories of human categorization differentiate an explicit, rule-based system of category learning from an implicit system that slowly associates regions of perceptual space with response outputs. The researchers extended this theoretical differentiation to the category learning of New World primates. Four capuchins (Cebus apella) learned categories of circular sine-wave gratings that varied in bar spatial frequency and orientation. The rule-based and information-integration tasks, respectively, had onedimensional and two-dimensional solutions. Capuchins, like humans, strongly dimensionalized the stimuli and learned the rule-based task more easily. The results strengthen the suggestion that nonhuman primates have some structural components of humans’ capacity for explicit categorization, which in humans is linked to declarative cognition and consciousness. The results also strengthen the primate contrast to other vertebrate species that may lack the explicit system. Therefore, the results raise important questions about the origins of the explicit categorization system during cognitive evolution and about its overall phylogenetic distribution.
Characteristics of an intraoral cone for electron beam therapy with an 18 MeV linear accelerator.

Abstract A 3.0 cm diameter X ray intraoral cone was attached to the end of a 4.0 cm × 4.0 cm electron beam applicator for an 18 MeV linear accelerator. The central axis depth dose, X ray contamination, field flatness, and isodose distributions were determined for this configuration at five electron beam energies with film, using ionization chamber measurements as a check on the dosimetry. These data indicated possible clinical advantages with the electron beam as compared to an X ray beam.
To duck or not to duck: resistance advantages and disadvantages of the candy-cane stem phenotype in tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima.

Summary •Solidago altissima populations consistently contain a minority of ‘ducking’, or ‘candy-cane’, stems. The goals of this study were to investigate whether these candy-cane stems may be an adaptation to resist herbivory, and to look for costs (namely, resistance tradeoffs or reduced reproduction) that might constrain the spread of the ducking trait. •In this study, herbivory and seed set were recorded for 272 erect and 272 candy-cane stems in a field population of S. altissima. •Candy-cane plants were twice as resistant as erect plants to two common apex-attacking gall midges, but were 26% more susceptible than erect plants to a more abundant apex-boring caterpillar. The two stem morphs were equally resistant to all other herbivores surveyed. Candy-cane plants were 11% less likely to experience apex damage and 3% more likely to set seed than erect-stemmed plants. Damaged candy-cane stems were 9% more likely to produce seeds than damaged erect stems. •Although ducking is an effective means of resisting apex-galling herbivores, its spread may be constrained by susceptibility to an apex-boring caterpillar, which may enjoy enemy-reduced space on candy-cane stems. The evolution of ducking does not seem to be constrained by a reduced likelihood of sexual reproduction, or reduced tolerance of apex damage.
Gerhard Ritter, 1888–1967

ON July 1, 1967, after a brief illness, Gerhard Ritter died in Freiburg. He had continued to work with his accustomed energy until shortly before his death; the completion in manuscript of the fourth volume of Staatskunst und Kriegshandwerk, which carried his interpretation of German poUcy to 1918, was the final achievement of a rich and vigorous career. Ritter was born on April 6,1888, in Bad Sooden in Hesse, the son of a Lutheran minister. He studied at the Universities of Munich, Leipzig, Berlin, and under Hermann Oncken at Heidelberg, where in 1911 he was awarded his degree for a dissertation on the Prussian Conservative Party in 1866. For some years he taught in secondary schools in Kassel and Magdeburg; in 1915 he volunteered for military service, fought in France and Poland, and was severely wounded. After the war he returned to Heidelberg as Privatdozent\ in 1924 he was called to Hamburg, and in the following year he accepted the Chair of Modern European History at Freiburg which he was to occupy for the next three decades. From the first his belief that historians bear a political responsibility towards their own generation penetrated his scholarship to give his writings their characteristic note of immediacy and combativeness. He was an early opponent of National Socialism. Two books published after 1933?Friedrich der Grosse and Machtstaat und Utopie?were stimulated by the German crisis and covertly attacked the regime. During the latter years of the Third Reich he was associated with the conservative opposition that coalesced around the person of Carl Goerdeler, whom he later chose as the subject of his most impressive excursion into contemporary history. From November 1944 to the end of the war he was imprisoned by the Gestapo. After 1945 he contributed significantly to the re-establishment of responsible historical scholarship in Germany, and his retirement in 1956 seemed only to spur him on to new activity. Although Ritter's first book was about the Bismarckian Era, much of his early research dealt with the Renaissance and the Reformation. In
Composite machining damage quantification using thermoelastic stress analysis

A new experimental method is presented for quantifying machining damage in polymer matrix composites. The method consists of capturing infrared images of machined samples and using thermoelastic stress analysis to quantify damage from the machining event. A modified stress concentration factor is presented as an easily measured and useful damage parameter. Circular holes were drilled into the center of plate specimens fabricated from a commercially available glass fiber reinforced composite. A standard drill bit, brad point drill bit, and abrasive water jet machining were the three machine tools investigated. Infrared images were used to quantify the machining damage by assigning a thermoelastic stress analysis based stress concentration factor (mSCF) to each machined hole. The mSCF was then used to rank the damage inherent to each machining method. Optical and electron microscopy were utilized to identify the types of damage associated with the three machining methods. Finally, each sample was fatigued to failure to substantiate the IR results. The ranking of damage based upon the mSCF was in good agreement with the fatigue lifetime rankings: higher mSCF is associated with shorter fatigue lifetimes.
Grooming, gossip, Facebook and Myspace: What can we learn about these sites from those who won't assimilate?

This paper explores the rapid adoption of online social network sites (also known as social networking sites) (SNSs) by students on a US college campus. Using quantitative (n = 713) and qualitative (n = 51) data based on a diverse sample of college students, demographic and other characteristics of SNS users and non-users are compared. Starting with the theoretical frameworks of Robin Dunbar and Erving Goffman, this paper situates SNS activity under two rubrics: (1) social grooming; and (2) presentation of the self. This study locates these sites within the emergence of social computing and makes a conceptual distinction between the expressive Internet, the Internet of social interactions, and the instrumental Internet, the Internet of airline tickets and weather forecasts. This paper compares and contrasts the user and non-user populations in terms of expressive and instrumental Internet use, social ties and attitudes toward social-grooming, privacy and efficiency. Two clusters are found to influence SNS...
Stratification of heterogeneous diffusion MRI ischemic lesion with kurtosis imaging: evaluation of mean diffusion and kurtosis MRI mismatch in an animal model of transient focal ischemia.

Background and Purpose—Ischemic tissue damage is heterogeneous, resulting in complex patterns in the widely used diffusion-weighted MRI. Our study examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of diffusion kurtosis imaging in an animal model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods—Adult male Wistar rats (N=18) were subjected to 90 minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion. Multiparametric MR images were obtained during middle cerebral artery occlusion and 20 minutes after reperfusion with diffusion-weighted MRI obtained using 8 b-values from 250 to 3000 s/mm2 in 6 diffusion gradient directions. Diffusion and kurtosis lesions were outlined in shuffled images by 2 investigators independently. T2 MRI was obtained 24 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion to evaluate stroke outcome. Results—Mean diffusion lesion (23.5%±8.1%, percentage of the brain slice) was significantly larger than mean kurtosis lesion (13.2%±2.0%) during middle cerebral artery occlusion. Mean diffusion lesion decreased s...
Managerial perspectives on health care service delivery

The purpose of this study was to garner expert opinion from health care (HC) (n = 68) and non-HC (n = 15) managers on the issues likely to impact the work of entry level physical therapists and qualities for employment success. Students enrolled in a professional phase physical therapy (PT) course conducted 83 manager interviews. The authors arrived at consensus regarding manager opinions on important HC issues and qualities for employment success with a modified Delphi technique. The Chi-square test was used to determine if HC issues and employment qualities differed among the managers' professions and settings. PT managers (n = 50) found ancillary staff use to be a more important HC issue than did other HC managers (n = 18), 68.0% versus 27.8%, respectively (p = 0.009). Otherwise, PT managers were similar to other HC managers in their opinions on the pertinent HC issues. HC managers reported business skills to be not as essential for career success as non-HC managers did (n = 15), 22.1% versus 66.7%, re...
Models of Housing Adjustment and Their Implications for Planning and Policy

This article describes existing housing adjustment theoryand assesses its adequacy in explaining the housing adjustment behaviors of households. The evolution of housing adjustment theory is divided into four stages: (1) the earlier models of rural-to-urban migration, (2) the models of intraurban mobility, (3) the models of the nonmoving adjustment decision, and (4) the more comprehensive models of housing adjustment that include both moving and nonmoving adjustment mechanisms within a single framework. The implications of these models for planningand policy arediscussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Renal response of roosters with diabetes insipidus to infusions of arginine vasotocin

In a strain of white Leghorn chicken with symptoms of hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) and with elevated circulating levels of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT), we investigated whether the defect is based on nonfunctional endogenous AVT or on a diminished renal response to AVT. DI chickens responded to hyposmotic infusions with a higher urine flow and lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) than healthy control birds. Urine osmolality, fractional excretion, and clearance of sodium were lower in DI birds while potassium values were similar in both groups. Hence, the high urine flow rates of the DI birds were predominantly based on a water diuresis. When infused with AVT, the GFR and the urine flow of the control birds decreased and urine osmolality increased, showing both glomerular and tubular effects of AVT. During AVT infusion, the GFR of DI birds increased, urine flow decreased only moderately, and urine osmolality was half that of the control birds. In control birds, the clearance of sodium was unchanged, whereas that of potassium decreased. In DI birds, which experienced a strong natriuresis, the clearance of both sodium and potassium increased. These data suggest that the sensitivity of the DI birds to AVT is reduced at the tubular level. The AVT-induced increase in GFR may be related to vascular effects of high AVT doses, added to the already high basal AVT level of the DI birds, in combination with an imbalance in the function of V1 and V2 receptor subtypes in these chickens.
A New Method to Value Intellectual Property

This paper first describes the three basic valuation methods (cost, market and income)and the current valuation methods for intellectual property (25 percent rule, industry standards, ranking, surrogate measures, disaggregation methods, the Monte Carlo method and the real option methods). The paper then introduces a new method to value intellectual property - Competitive Advantage Valuation (CAV). The CAV method is explained in general terms, and the applications and advantages of the CAV method are discussed.
Radiosynthesis of the iodine-124 labeled Hsp90 inhibitor PU-H71

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP dependent molecular chaperone protein whose function is critical for maintaining several key proteins involved in survival and proliferation of cancer cells. PU-H71 (1), is a potent purine-scaffold based ATP pocket binding Hsp90 inhibitor which has been shown to have potent activity in a broad range of in vivo cancer models and is currently in Phase I clinical trials in patients with advanced solid malignancies, lymphomas, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. In this report, we describe the radiosynthesis of [(124)I]-PU-H71(5); this was synthesized from the corresponding Boc-protected stannane precursor 3 by iododestannylation with [(124)I]-NaI using chloramine-T as an oxidant for 2 min, followed by Boc deprotection with 6 N HCl at 50 °C for 30 min to yield the final compound. The final product 5 was purified using HPLC and was isolated with an overall yield of 55 ± 6% (n = 6, isolated) from 3, and >98% purity and an average specific activity of 980 mCi/µmol. Our report sets the stage for the introduction of [(124)I]-PU-H71 as a potential non-invasive probe for understanding biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of PU-H71 in living subjects using positron emission tomography imaging.
From Smallpox to Big Data: The Next 100 Years of Epidemiologic Methods

For more than a century, epidemiology has seen major shifts in both focus and methodology. Taking into consideration the explosion of "big data," the advent of more sophisticated data collection and analytical tools, and the increased interest in evidence-based solutions, we present a framework that summarizes 3 fundamental domains of epidemiologic methods that are relevant for the understanding of both historical contributions and future directions in public health. First, the manner in which populations and their follow-up are defined is expanding, with greater interest in online populations whose definition does not fit the usual classification by person, place, and time. Second, traditional data collection methods, such as population-based surveillance and individual interviews, have been supplemented with advances in measurement. From biomarkers to mobile health, innovations in the measurement of exposures and diseases enable refined accuracy of data collection. Lastly, the comparison of populations is at the heart of epidemiologic methodology. Risk factor epidemiology, prediction methods, and causal inference strategies are areas in which the field is continuing to make significant contributions to public health. The framework presented herein articulates the multifaceted ways in which epidemiologic methods make such contributions and can continue to do so as we embark upon the next 100 years.
Analysis of the Stresses In the Ring of A Concrete Skew Arch

Although the skew arch is at best an awkward structure, it frequently furnishes the most advantageous solution of an engineering problem.
A Phenomenological Inquiry of the Perceptions of Simulation among ADN Students with Prior Health Care Experience

Abstract Simulation for nursing students has gained national attention, but literature does not exist to support planning for activities that take into account prior experience as a health care provider. This phenomenological study explored perceptions of students with prior health care experience about simulation learning within their Associate degree of Nursing (ADN) program. A purposive sample of 19 ADN students who were licensed practical nurses or paramedics was recruited. Qualitative analysis of tape-recorded interviews revealed 7 primary themes about simulation and its importance to these students. Results of the study demonstrated that prior health care experience should be accounted for when planning simulation activities. Nursing students would prefer challenging simulation scenarios building on prior knowledge and skills. In addition, licensed practical nurse (LPN) and paramedic students need assistance with identifying and enacting the role of registered nurse within simulation scenarios.
Logically Clustered Architectures for Networked Databases

By effectively harnessing networked computing resources, the two-tier client-server model has been used to support shared data access. In systems based on this approach, the database servers often become performance bottlenecks when the number of concurrent users is large. Client data caching techniques have been proposed in order to ease resource contention at the servers. The key theme of these techniques is the exploitation of user data access locality. In this paper, we propose a three-tiered model that takes advantage of such data access locality to furnish a much more scalable system. Groups of clients that demonstrate similarities in their data access behavior are logically clustered together. Each such group of clients is handled by an Intermediate Cluster Manager (ICM) that acts as a cluster-wide directory service and cache manager. Clients within the same cluster are now capable of sharing data among themselves without interacting with the server(s). This results in reduced server load and allows the support of a much larger number of clients. Through prototyping and experimentation, we show that the logical clustering of clients, and the introduction of the ICM layer, significantly improve system scalability as well as transaction response times. Logical clusters, consisting of clients with similar data access patterns, are identified with the help of both a greedy algorithm and a genetic algorithm. For the latter, we have developed an encoding scheme and its corresponding operators.
Genetical Identification of “Missing” Children in Argentina

Between the years 1975. and 1983 in Argentina, hundreds of children were kidnapped with their parents or were born during the imprisonment of their mothers in secret detention camps and were then given to persons or families generally connected with the repression body. This monstrousity was the product of a deliberate, organic and systematic plan put into execution by the Military Dictatorship in order to produce terror among the people and achieve their objectives. Important pediatric specialists have compared the situation to slavery. In general, the parents of these children are still missing.
Value-added Chemicals from Microalgae: A Sustainable Process Design Using Life Cycle Optimization

Abstract This paper addresses the sustainable design and synthesis of producing biofuels and bioproducts from microalgae. We propose a comprehensive superstructure with multiple technology alternatives in the seven processing sections. The major products of the superstructure are biodiesel, hydrogen, propylene glycol, glycerol-tert-butyl ether, and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. Following the life cycle optimization methodology, we propose a bi-criteria mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem to simultaneously optimize the environmental and economic performance. We apply a tailored global optimization algorithm to efficiently tackle the separable concave terms and fractional terms in the objective functions. The most environmentally sustainable processes with respect to various algal bioproducts reduce the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions by 5% to 63%, compared with petrochemical counterparts. Moreover, the minimum biodiesel production cost is $2.79 per gasoline-gallon-equivalent, if all byproducts and value-added bioproducts are considered as credits.
The Impact of Economic Development Strategy on Market Conditioned Income Inequality in the American States

Langer found that the supply-side (locational) development policy increased income inequality in the American states, while demand-side (entrepreneurial) policy decreased inequality. Recent scholar...
Reuse and Monetization

Could this data be monetized to third parties? What has been monetized, and who does it benefit? How is the weather data monetized? Who can collect and monetize media viewing patterns? How is location data collected and used for contextual marketing? How would monetization benefit from cognitive technologies?
Neutron and gamma ray coincidence measurements of a high-multiplication, subcritical assembly of weapons-grade plutonium

Correlated neutrons and gamma rays were measured from a subcritical highly-multiplying assembly of plutonium at the Device Assembly Facility (DAF) located at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The assembly was a 4.5 kg α-phase plutonium metal sphere composed of 94% 239Pu and 6% 240Pu by weight. Passive measurements were performed with the bare source and with multiple shielding configurations including polyethylene, steel, and tungsten. Data were collected using two EJ-309 liquid scintillators, two EJ-299 plastic scintillators, and one CeBr3 detector. Fast neutron-gamma timing correlations were analyzed and the feasibility of using measurements of late-arriving neutrons or late-arriving gamma rays to estimate the multiplication of the assembly was studied. Simulations were performed with MCNPX-PoliMi and GEANT4 and their results were compared to the experimental results.
Negotiating "Messy" Research Context and Design Through Adaptive Research Stances: Experience Report

Researchers in communication design increasingly find themselves conducting research in their own communities. Following posthuman and critical methodologies which suggest that research sites are often shifting and messy, this experience report argues that the positionality of researchers is equally dynamic and messy. We apply these methodologies to our own experiences as community based researchers, and sketch an adaptable heuristic for thinking through messy problems that researchers inhabiting similarity positionality might leverage in order to consider the ethical challenges of researcher positionality. Research positionality often carries tacit consequences for 1) researchers' immediate and enduring relationships with individuals and institutions, 2) researchers' ethics, 3) researchers' professional disciplines, and 4) the larger communities researchers seek to improve as citizens and end-users. This report argues that the positionality of researchers who also identify as stakeholders within the institutions and communities at study has been underappreciated and poses ethical and methodological challenges that warrant exploration.
The potential for the use of colony-stimulating factors in autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that there is a steep dose-response effect for chemotherapy in the treatment of a variety of human malignancies [1]. In the leukemias and lymphomas, the use of dose intensification, including, if necessary, the use of bone marrow transplantation, has resulted in the development of curative approaches in even advanced malignancies [2]. In solid tumors, as well, increasing evidence exists for a dose-response effect in treatment results. Hyruniuk and his colleagues have demonstrated using retrospective analyses in both metastatic and primary disease that the average dose intensity planned or administered correlates with the objective response rate and with the disease-free survival [3, 4]. Similar results have been obtained for various treatment programs of ovarian cancer and Hodgkins’ disease. Prospective randomized trials evaluating the effect of dose intensification are currently underway in several cooperative groups. Simultaneously with these efforts, other groups, including our own, have explored the use of high-dose combination chemotherapy in the treatment of resistant solid tumors, particularly breast cancer [5–8]. The use of autologous bone marrow support permits a 2- to 200-fold intensification of dose for individual agents over that attained with conventional doses. The limitation is that the high-dose treatment is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and efforts to try to ameliorate this toxicity are required.
Theology of the Body Extended: The Spiritual Signs of Birth, Impairment, and Dying: Susan Windley-Daoust. (Cincinnati, OH: Lectio, 2014). 270 pp. Paperback, $36.00, ISBN: 9780989839754

In his renown magisterium Man and Woman He Created Them: Theology of the Body, John Paul II writes, “The body is capable of making visible what is invisible: the spiritual and the divine… It has be...
Abstract WP155: Increased Physician and Physical Therapist Communication is Associated With Earlier Mobility and Decreased Length of Stay in the Cerebrovascular and Trauma Neuroscience Population

Background and Purpose: There is growing interest in methods for early rehabilitation in patients with acute neurologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to identify whether increased coordination between the physical therapist and an attending cerebrovascular neurosurgeon through daily multidisciplinary rounds would correlate with positive changes in overall care. Hypothesis: We evaluated the hypothesis that a physical therapist participating in cerebrovascular neuroscience rounds would decrease the time to initial physical therapy (PT) consult, decrease hospital length of stay (LOS), decrease Intensive Care Unit (ICU) LOS, and decrease ventilator days. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 235 patients who were admitted to the neuroscience service under a single cerebrovascular neurosurgeon over a 16-month period (April 2014 through July 2015) in a level-I trauma hospital. The study consisted of an eight-month pre-intervention period (n=117) where the physical therapist did not attend physician rounds and an eight-month post-intervention period (n=118). Results: In the post-intervention group the PT assessment occurred on average 1.57 days sooner than before the physical therapist participated in neuroscience physician rounds (p<0.001). Hospital LOS decreased by an average of 3.46 days (p=0.04) and ICU LOS decreased on average by 1.83 days (p=0.05) in the post-intervention group. Ventilator days decreased on average by 0.55 days, which was not statistically significant (p=0.26). Conclusions: In conclusion, daily coordination with multidisciplinary rounds between the physician and the physical therapist was associated with decreased time to initial PT assessment, decreased hospital LOS, and decreased ICU LOS in the neuroscience population.
Skeletal Pathologies in a Population of Alouatta palliata: Behavioral, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications

We examined the pathological conditions in a sample of 200 skulls of Alouatta palliata recovered from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, to investigate the prevalence of disease and injury in a free-ranging monkey population. Forty-five individuals (22.5%) have some type of nondental pathological condition, indicating that illness and injury are relatively common in this population. Ten individuals, all older adult males, exhibit clear signs of antemortem trauma in the form of healed fractures. We attribute the trauma primarily to fighting, and its frequency (16.4% of adult males) contradicts previous assertions that BCI howlers are nonaggressive. Nine of the 37 scorable immature individuals (24%) have signs of a larval infestation, supporting the suggestion that ectoparasites play an important role in BCI howler mortality. Other pathological conditions in the sample include shifted muscle attachments, periostitis, arthritis, neoplasm, periapical abscesses, and facial deformity, as well as various dental abnormalities.
Ethical Issues of Cancer Center Administrators

Abstract This chapter examines a number of key ethical challenges encountered by administrators in a cancer center and explores options to address these issues. The administrator of a cancer center faces ethical issues balancing the social responsibility to remain financially viable to serve the community while meeting the special needs of the cancer center patient relating to appropriate utilization of resources, resource availability, staffing, and patient- and family-centered care. Administrators deal with these issues routinely in their work by implementing systematic and efficient processes and securing resources to do the right thing for patients.
Ethiodol oil contrast medium inhibits macrophage phagocytosis and adherence by altering membrane electronegativity and microviscosity

Objective To examine the effect of Ethiodol oil-soluble contrast medium and Sinografin aqueous-soluble contrast medium on macrophage function. After the observation that Ethiodol alters macrophage phagocytosis and adherence, we sought to determine the mechanism of action by which oil-soluble contrast medium alters the macrophage membrane. Design The P388D1 cell line was used as a consistent source of macrophages for all experiments. The uptake of 3 H-labeled Candida albicans was determined in macrophages exposed to 1:100, 1:400, or 1:800 dilutions of Ethiodol, Sinografin (S.R. Squibb, Princeton, NJ) or untreated media. To evaluate the macrophage adherence, 51 Cr-labeled macrophages were exposed to the same dilutions of the contrast media. Specific membrane properties, F c receptor levels, electronegativity, and microviscosity were assessed by flow cytometry after exposure to 1:100 dilutions of Ethiodol or Sinografin. Results Macrophage phagocytosis was decreased upon exposure to 1:100 and 1:400 dilutions of Ethiodol contrast medium, whereas adherence was reduced at the 1:100 dilution of Ethiodol. There was no effect of any dilution of Sinografin. There was a reduction in membrane electronegativity and microviscosity, but not F c receptor levels, after exposure to a 1:100 dilution of Ethiodol. Conclusions This study establishes a decrease in macrophage phagocytosis and adherence after exposure to Ethiodol oil-soluble contrast medium. We established that this alteration in membrane function is caused by a reduction of membrane negative surface charge and microviscosity. This may suggest a mechanism of action for the therapeutic effect of oil-contrast hysterosalpingograms in women with unexplained infertility.
Perforiertes Ulcus pepticum

Nicht alle freien Perforationen des Magengeschwurs sind durch einfache Ubernahung zu behandeln. Oft ist das Magengeschwur zu gros und von einer Odembildung umgeben. Liegt die Perforation an der Magenhinterwand, ist eine adequate Ubernahung im allgemeinen nicht moglich. Auch hat das Magengeschwur eine hohe Rezidivrate. Aus diesen Grunden sollte bei Nichtrisikopatienten auch schon beim Ersteingriff die Resektion in Erwagung gezogen werden. Ist aus technischen Grunden eine sichere Ubernahung nicht moglich, empfiehlt sich unabhangig vom Risiko die Magenresektion, da eine insuffiziente Ubernahung immer auch die Gefahr einer todlichen Peritonitis in sich birgt.
Regulation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Growth

Publisher Summary The proliferation of smooth muscle cells is thought to be a key event in the development of atherosclerotic lesions and is involved in the restenosis of arteries. To identify the factors that control the proliferation of these cells has been the “holy grail” of vascular biology for many years, and while significant advances have been made, this goal has still not been reached. To understand the approach that has been taken since 1980, it is necessary to reflect that the “reaction to injury theory” as initially proposed by Ross and collaborators focused on the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and the interaction of platelets with the denuded artery. The key concepts of this hypothesis were loss of endothelium followed by platelet adherence to the exposed sub-endothelial matrix. This released platelet PDGF would then interact with the underlying smooth muscle cells, and so, stimulate their replication. This growth of smooth muscle cells would be the start of intimal lesion formation. Strong support for this theory came from numerous in vivo studies in which the endothelium of arteries was deliberately denuded using a variety of mechanical devices. Almost invariably, these procedures led to the development of smooth muscle cell intimal lesions.
ViewpointComputing as social science

Changing the way computer science is taught in college by encouraging students to develop solutions to socially relevant problems.
Depression treatment use among stroke individuals with depression: A cross-sectional analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Abstract Background Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidity among stroke individuals. Despite the effectiveness of antidepressants and psychotherapy, data on the use of these treatments among stroke survivors is limited. Objective The main objective of this study was to document prevalence of antidepressant use, types of antidepressants utilized, and adherence to antidepressants among stroke individuals. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional data obtained from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS), for the years 2011, 2013 and 2015, was utilized for this study. Treatment for depression was categorized into three mutually exclusive categories: 1) antidepressants only, 2) antidepressants and psychotherapy (combination), and 3) No treatment. Adherence to antidepressants was measured using the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) ratio. Adherence between antidepressant only and combination therapy group was compared using Student's t-test. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to further examine the association between patient characteristics and likelihood of receiving depression treatment. Results A total of 759 stroke individuals with comorbid depression were identified. Of these, 51.2% utilized only antidepressants, 12.6% utilized a combination treatment of antidepressants and psychotherapy and 31.7% did not receive treatment for depression. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI's) was the most commonly used antidepressants in the stroke population. Males (P = 0.04), age group of 40–64 years (P Conclusion Almost 70% of stroke individuals received some form of treatment for depression and several patient-related factors (gender, age, race, marital status, and comorbidity burden) were associated with the utilization of depression treatment. Future researchers need to investigate the factors responsible for lack of depression treatment in stroke individuals and policy makers should aim for a more patient centered care.
Organ-to-plasma uptake ratio of Tl-201 in rats injected at rest or after strenuous exercise

A comparison is made of relative organ-to-plasma Tl-201 uptake in rats at rest and after exercise (2 h swimming). Organs were obtained 1/2 or 3 h after Tl-201 injection. Under the four experimental conditions, the largest uptake was found in kidneys, heart and adrenal glands. The post-exercise to rest ratio of myocardial uptake is in agreement with clinical data reported in the literature. Two extensive tissues, skeletal muscle and fat, showed a remarkable increase of Tl-201 uptake at 3 h as compared to 1/2 h in both rested and post-exercised animals. During the same time interval there was a temporal “washout” of Tl-201 from heart (both at rest and after exercise) and kidney (after exercise only). The findings do not support the view of a delayed myocardial uptake phase of Tl-201 during which Tl-201 would be reintroduced into the blood from other body organs.
APSA Executive Director's Report, 2009

The Executive Director's Report is an annual report on the state and activities of the association, and for 2009 it is hard not to reach outside the literal bounds of the association to reflect on the discipline, the academy, and the economy as a whole. Simply put, the American Political Science Association has weathered the financial storms of the past year well, though we know as well that reverberations from the economic downtown will continue for some time, with the potential for a sustained period of change.
Suggestibility is associated with alcohol self-administration, subjective alcohol effects, and self-reported drinking behavior:

Background:Suggestibility, defined as an individual’s inclination to accept and internalize messages, has not been studied in relation to alcohol use. Peer conformity, a component of suggestibility...
Frailty and Its Correlates in Adults With Late Life Depression.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the rates of frailty and frailty characteristics and examine the clinical and neuropsychological correlates of frailty in adults with late life depression (LLD). Methods Data were used from the evaluation of 134 individuals over the age of 60 years (45 men, 89 women) with a depressive diagnosis who enrolled in studies for the treatment of their depression. Depression, neuropsychological functioning, white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden via magnetic resonance imaging, and characteristics of frailty were assessed. Results Fried frailty burden (≥3 characteristics) was present in 25% of the sample, with this rate increasing to 45.5% when using clinically meaningful cut-scores for gait speed ( Conclusion Findings from this study show that frailty, specifically physical frailty deficits in mobility and strength, is highly comorbid in adults with LLD, associated with greater depressive symptom severity, and does not appear to be associated with the vascular depression subtype of LLD. Future research should investigate the relationship between frailty and antidepressant treatment response as well as test whether there are age-related biological processes that result in the manifestation of the frail-depressed subtype of LLD.
Analysis and Reduction of the Near Magnetic Field Emission From Toroidal Inductors

The near magnetic field emitted from magnetic components may generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) and degrade EMI filter's performance. This article discussed the near magnetic field emission from toroidal inductors. The emission mechanisms are analyzed for different inductor winding structures with either common-mode (CM) or differential-mode (DM) excitation. The winding structures with low near magnetic field emission are identified. A CM inductor structure is proposed to improve inductor's high-frequency CM performance and greatly reduce its near magnetic field emission due to DM currents. The improvements are achieved with a small extra toroid. The proposed structure can also increase CM inductor's DM inductance for DM noise reduction at the expense of a reduced DM saturation current. To avoid saturation, a design procedure is developed for the proposed CM inductor to achieve desired CM inductance, minimized near magnetic field emission, high DM inductance, and optimal magnetic flux density. Three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element analysis models were developed and experiments were conducted to validate the developed theory and techniques. EMI measurement results show that the proposed CM inductor has a better performance for both DM and CM noise reduction than a conventional CM inductor.
Chapter 7 – Immune Response

Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The lack of robust cell culture systems and small animal models have limited studies on norovirus immunity. However, innate and adaptive immune responses to human noroviruses have been examined in human challenge studies, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials with virus-like particle vaccines. In addition, immune responses have also been studied in animal models, such as nonhuman primates, gnotobiotic pigs, gnotobiotic calves, and immunocompromised mice. Innate immunity is better characterized in animal models, whereas adaptive immune responses have been more extensively described in humans. This chapter reviews data from different models used to study the norovirus immune response, findings on innate and adaptive immunity in these models, and correlates of protection from infection and disease in humans. Understanding immune responses to noroviruses, particularly the correlates of protective immunity, is critical for the successful development of vaccines and therapeutics.
Supervised Machine Learning: A Brief Primer.

Abstract Machine learning is increasingly used in mental health research and has the potential to advance our understanding of how to characterize, predict, and treat mental disorders and associated adverse health outcomes (e.g., suicidal behavior). Machine learning offers new tools to overcome challenges for which traditional statistical methods are not well-suited. This paper provides an overview of machine learning with a specific focus on supervised learning (i.e., methods that are designed to predict or classify an outcome of interest). Several common supervised learning methods are described, along with applied examples from the published literature. We also provide an overview of supervised learning model building, validation, and performance evaluation. Finally, challenges in creating robust and generalizable machine learning algorithms are discussed.