cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studer unplugged: identifying underlying managerial concepts

There is evidence that the application of Quint Studer's Hardwiring Excellence approach to organizational change is associated with significant accomplishments in hospitals. The authors' review finds the Studer approach to be closely aligned with management-related concepts of motivation and feedback, social networks, human capital, social capital, management by objectives, evidence based management, and organizational learning. The article is intended to familiarize more managers and management researchers with the content of the Studer approach, demonstrate its grounding in management concepts and principles, and stimulate additional discussion around the utility of such human resources-focused interventions in significant organizational change.
Synthetic mRNAs: Powerful Tools for Reprogramming and Differentiation of Human Cells

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Warren et al. (2010) describe a new methodology, using synthetic mRNA, for efficiently generating iPSCs without compromising genomic integrity. This powerful approach can also be used for directed differentiation of iPSCs, or even for trans-differentiation to generate clinically relevant differentiated cell types.
MECHANICAL COMPONENT LIFETIME ESTIMATION BASED ON ACCELERATED LIFE TESTING WITH SINGULARITY EXTRAPOLATION

Abstract Life testing under nominal operating conditions of mechanical parts with high mean lifetime between failure (MTBF) often consumes a significant amount of time and resources, rendering such procedures expensive and impractical. As a result, the technology of accelerated life testing (ALT) has been developed for testing at high stress levels (e.g. temperature, voltage, pressure, corrosive media, load, vibration amplitude, etc.) so that it can be extrapolated—through a physically reasonable statistical model—to obtain estimations of life at lower, normal stress levels or even limit stress levels. However, the issue of prediction accuracy associated with extrapolating data outside the range of testing, or even to a singularity level (no stress), has not yet been fully addressed. In this research, an accelerator factor is introduced into an inverse power law model to estimate the life distribution in terms of time and stresses. Also, a generalized Eyring model is set up for singularity extrapolation in handling limit stress level conditions. The procedure to calibrate the associated shape factors based on the maximum likelihood principle is also formulated. The methodology implementation, based on a one-main-step, multiple-step-stress test scheme, is experimentally illustrated with tapered roller bearing under the stress of environmental corrosion as a case study. The experimental results show that the developed accelerated life test model can effectively evaluate the life probability of a bearing based on accelerated testing data when extrapolating to the stress levels within or outside the range of testing.
Revisiting combination rules for estimating extremes of linearly combined correlated wind load effects

Abstract This study re-evaluates the performance of some approximate combination rules used in practice for estimating the mean extremes of linearly combined correlated wind load effects. The Turkstra׳s rule and its variants are focused, which are also often referred to as the “coincident action” or “companion action” methods and have been widely applied to the combinations of wind loads and responses as well as other dynamic responses. The probability distributions of estimations from the Turkstra׳s rule and its variants are derived, which permit the assessment of their performance for various correlated responses through analytical formulations rather than response time history samples. The analytical formulations and the performance of the Turkstra׳s rule and its variants are also validated using simulated response time histories of a high-rise building with coupled three-dimensional mode shapes. This study reemphasizes the difference in the correlation coefficients of wind loads and wind-excited responses, and highlights the importance of response correlation coefficient (both the value and sign) for the estimations of extremes of resultant response and its absolute value. The results illustrate that the approximate combination rules can considerably over- or underestimate the extremes of combined responses depending on the ratio and correlation coefficient of the response components. The results of this study help in better understanding the effectiveness and limitations of the approximate combination rules used in current practice.
Just Ask: Using Faculty Input to Inform Communication Strategies

Faculty members today are bombarded with information, yet limited in time and attention. Managing communication with faculty is an increasingly important function of faculty development offices. This study explored how communication frameworks can be paired with web design principles and attention economics to increase the effectiveness of communication with faculty members. We developed and tested communication approaches designed to enhance faculty members’ identification and involvement with our programs. The advantages, disadvantages, and effectiveness of each model are presented. Ultimately, the study reframed our understanding of communication strategies, not as static tools, but rather as opportunities to engage faculty.
Time domain and realization of a class of digital hybrid filter

This paper describes a time-domain design and realization of a digital hybrid filter with a specific cutoff frequency. The proposed realization is obtained by adding a single multiplier in a feedback loop to the low-pass or high-pass FIR filters with linear phase. The resulting hybrid filters can have the following improved frequency response: (1) Increased attenuation in the stop-band (compared to that obtainable with a Kaiser windowed FIR filter of the same order) for the same transition bandwidth; (2) almost constant amplitude response in the stopband and no zero-cross ripple; (3) no degradation of phase linearity in the pass-band; and (4) almost constant phase response in the stopband. Also the hybrid filter designed and realized in this way is always stable and does not generate limit cycles. The time-domain design and realization of digital hybrid filters of this class are introduced and a design example of a low-pass hybrid filter is given.
The future on ice.

Abstract Reproductive Tissue Banking: Scientific Principles Edited by Armand M. Karow and John D. Critser. San Diego, Academic Press, 1997, $99.00 (xviii+472 pages), ISBN 0-12-399770-4.
Regulated cleavage of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein: Molecular and cellular basis

Abstract The relative utilization of alternative processing pathways for APP can be regulated by the activation state of certain protein phosphorylation signal transduction pathways. For example, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), or inactivation of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, leads to a relative increase in utilization of the nonamyloidogenic, ‘α-secretase’ cleavage pathway for APP processing at the expense of other pathways. The molecular and cellular basis for this regulatory event is unknown. The possible mechanisms of regulated APP cleavage include (either singly or in combination): 1) substrate ( ie APP) activation; 2) substrate redistribution; 3) enzyme ( ie α-secretase) activation; or 4) enzyme redistribution. APP is a phosphoprotein; however, recent evidence from studies of the metabolism of mutant APP molecules suggests that changes in the APP cytoplasmic tail phosphorylation state may not be necessary for the phosphorylation-dependent activation of ‘α-secretase’ cleavage. Further, indirect immunofluorescent studies of the subcellular distribution of APP in the absence or presence of phorbol esters (PKC activators) fail to disclose obvious phorbol-induced redistribution of APP immunoreactivity. Taken together, current data suggest that major candidate phosphorylation-state sensitive targets relevant to the molecular basis of PKC-activated processing (or ‘regulated cleavage’) of APP include the APP ecto-domain as well as secretase enzymes and/or other components of the APP trafficking/processing apparatus. Progress in distinguishing among these possibilities is discussed.
Omphalocaval shunt: An alternative procedure for portal decompression

We report a case in which umbilical vein was used to construct an omphalocaval shunt in a patient with a long history of alcoholic liver disease and recurrent esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding episodes. The indication for the choice of this procedure included the presence of dense adhesions in the porta hepatis, arteriographic documentation of continuity with the portal venous system, and an umbilical vein 12 mm in internal diameter. The hypertensive portal system was successfully decompressed and proved patent 6 months postoperatively.
Eddy Formation in Obstructed Fluid Flow: A Molecular-Dynamics Study

Two-dimensional fluid flow past a circular obstacle has been simulated at the microscopic level by means of a molecular-dynamics approach. At sufficiently large Reynolds number the flow field is observed to exhibit characteristics common to real fluids, namely the appearance of eddies, periodic eddy separation, and an oscillatory wake. Very large systems---typically 160 000 particles---are required in order to provide adequate space for these flow patterns to develop.
Resuscitating the Critical in the Biological Grotesque: Blood, Guts, Biomachismo in Science/Education and Human Guinea Pig Discourse

This article draws on Bakhtin and other cultural studies theorists to understand the role of the grotesque as a libratory moment in biology education. Four examples of texts and moments are analyzed: Sylvia Branzei’s Grossology series of children’s books about the grotesque, observations of a pig heart dissection, a standard high school textbook, and zines by and for human subjects. Findings confirm a powerful social leveling effect within the biological grotesque, but limits are also identified. Specifically, the grotesque itself can become a form of social capital in itself, and thus the material for establishing new hierarchies. The paper also examines the ways that teachers and texts try to limit the leveling effects of the grotesque.
Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Layer Device Simulation Using the 3D, unsteady Navier-Stokes Equations

The time-dependent, chemically reacting, viscous fluid dynamics within the chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) flowfield are simulated using the unsteady, laminar, multi-component Navier-Stokes equations. The solutions of these equations are generated within simulations of COIL hardware at standard operating conditions; conditions predicted in previous simulations to be unsteady. These current simulations ascertain the effect of the flow unsteadiness upon the laser gain through Doppler broadening of the spectral lineshape induced by the bulk movement of the gas. The results from the simulations demonstrate that the presence of bulk flow rotation associated with the unsteady vortex generation influences the temperature determined from the resulting lineshapes; this result has direct implications for experiments where spectroscopically measured lineshapes are utilized to determine flow temperatures. Additional simulations are used to test varying fidelity within the COIL finite-rate chemistry mechanism in the presence of the flow unsteadiness and H2O vapor condensation. The same unsteady, laminar, multi-component Navier-Stokes simulation methodology is applied to new COIL mixing nozzle concepts with the goal of utilizing the unsteadiness flow to improve device performance. Experimental planar laser induced iodine fluorescence data for these nozzle concepts are directly compared to simulation data in a newly developed methodology for COIL model validation.
Chronic hypoxia decreases endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein expression in fetal guinea pig hearts.

Objectives:The underlying cellular mechanisms mediating hypoxia-induced adaptations in the fetus are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3, type III) protein expression in fetal hearts similar to that observed in adult hearts as a cardioprotective adaptation. This study investigates the effect of chronic hypoxia on NOS3 protein expression in hearts and carotid arteries of fetal guinea pigs exposed to normoxia or intrauterine hypoxia.Methods:Time-mated pregnant guinea pigs (term = 65 days) were housed in either normoxic room air (NMX) or exposed to 12% O2 (hypoxia; HPX) for 14 or 28 days of duration. At near term (∼60 days of gestation), pregnant mothers were anesthetized and fetal guinea pig hearts and carotid arteries were excised from NMX and HPX animals and frozen until ready for study. In addition, hearts were also excised from anesthetized adult nonpregnant female guinea pigs exposed to either NMX or HPX for 14 days. NOS3 protein...
Dual regulation of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase: α2-Adrenergic signal transduction in adrenocortical carcinoma cells

Abstract Isolated adrenocortical carcinoma cells of rat contain α2- and β-adrenergic receptors. When these cells are incubated with α2-adrenergic agonists, there is a concentration-dependent increase of cyclic GMP that is blocked by the α2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine but not by the β-antagonist propranolol. Concomitantly, both p-aminoclonidine (20 μ m ) and clonidine (100 μ m ), the α2-adrenergic agonists, stimulate membrane guanylate cyclase activity. In calcium free medium there is no α2-agonist-dependent increase in cyclic GMP. Isoproterenol, a β-agonist, and forskolin cause an increase in cyclic AMP but not cyclic GMP. The cyclic AMP increase induced by isoproterenol is blocked by propranolol but not by yohimbine. Isoproterenol- and forskolin-dependent increases in cyclic AMP are inhibited by p-aminoclonidine and the inhibition is relieved by yohimbine. These results indicate a dual regulation of guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase by the α2-receptor signal: guanylate cyclase is coupled to the receptor in a positive fashion, whereas adenylate cyclase is coupled in a negative fashion. Calcium is obligatory in the cyclic GMP-mediated response.
Ultrafast Diffraction of Transient Molecular Structures in Radiationless Transitions

Radiationless transitions in molecules are ubiquitous in photophysical, chemical, and biological systems. Because such transitions are usually ultrafast in nature, the determination of transient structures is extremely difficult, particularly for complex molecules with many degrees of freedom. Here, we report the direct determination of the molecular structure during the ultrafast, nonradiative transition in aromatic pyridine, excited above the so-called channel three threshold, which marks the onset of an anomalous decay. The approach we invoked is ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), developed in this laboratory to image transient molecular structures in real time. The diffraction results reveal the breakage of “old bonds” near 1.4 and 2.4 A and the formation of “new bonds” near 1.3 and 1.5 A and at distances greater than ∼3.5 A, thus permitting the dominant intermediate species to be identified. Unexpectedly, a ring-opened diradical structure resulting from C−N bond scission was observed and was found to form with a rate of (17 ps)-1. This hitherto unknown intermediate must be considered as a new channel for energy dissipation in pyridine and possibly analogous molecules. These results represent a clear demonstration of the potential of UED for studying structural dynamics of radiationless transitions in complex molecular systems.
[Z]-4-alkylidene-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorinane 2-oxides from stereospecific cyclization of 2-alkylketophenyl phosphonates and phosphates

Abstract O,O -Di(2-alkylketophenyl) phenylphosphonates and O -(2-alkylketophenyl) O-O -diphenyl phosphates undergo facile cyclization at 70°C in acetonitrile containing K 2 CO 3 to 2-phenyl- and 2-phenoxy-4-alkylidene-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorinane 2-oxides, respectively. The Z isomer is exclusively formed with higher alkylidene derivatives. Metabolically formed 4-alkylidene- and 4-methyl-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorinane 2-oxides may contribute to the biological activity of some 2-ethylphenylphosphorus compounds.
CBT for psychosis in a psychoanalytic frame

Some clinicians regard psychodynamic psychotherapy (PP) and cognitive behavioral therapy of psychosis (CBTp) as treatments with little in common. An integrated model is presented in which PP and CBTp fit together, with each modality playing an essential role in different ways at different points over the course of treatment. This model is developed by examining a core symptom in psychosis. Psychotic individuals seemingly perceive events in the outside world which are actually reflections of internal mental processes. Instead of experiencing thoughts or feelings, a person “sees” or “hears” things which appear to be occurring outside the self, a “thing presentation” of mental life. Before the unconscious meaning of psychotic symptoms can be psychodynamically interpreted to a person, “thing presentations” of mental life must first be returned within the boundary of the self. CBTp provides the technical means to do this. Once CBTp has helped re‐establish connections between psychotic experience and internal e...
A Note on Attrition Among College Presidents, 1971-1974.

Returning to the same stratified random sample of American colleges and universities studied by Cohen and March (1974) during the 1969–1970 academic year, the authors explore the extent to which theoretical estimates of attrition rates presented by Cohen and March predict recent presidential departures within their sample. They find that in the past four years (1971–1974) there has been little change in the attrition pattern among college presidents in this national sample. If there has been any change it is very small and in the direction of slightly longer tenure among presidents of large universities.
Anatomical site and size of 222 early asymptomatic oral squamous cell carcinomas: a continuing prospective study of oral cancer. II.

The site and size of 222 asymptomatic, primarily erythroplastic, cancers of the oral mucosa in 161 patients have been prospectively documented. Of 207 intraoral lesions (excluding 15 of the lip), 201 (97.1%) were found in three locations; floor of the mouth (101), ventral or lateral tongue (36), and soft palate complex (64). Of the 101 in the floor of the mouth, 73 occurred in the anterior portion with 33 involving the papilla at exit of Wharton's Duct (submaxillary gland). Of the cancers 84.2% were 2 cm or less and 41.9% were 1 cm or less. Of the lesions 2 cm or less 70.6% were invasive carcinoma. Minimal size does not preclude invasiveness. In view of the apparent predilection of oral carcinoma for particular sites (where there is no obvious agent), rather than random occurrence, the three aforementioned sites are designated as high risk areas which deserve particular scrutiny in an examination of the oral cavity. It is incumbent upon the clinician to biopsy all asymptomatic, persistent (14 days or more) mucosal aberrations in the high risk areas, especially those with erythroplastic components, regardless of size.
Cross-Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning (CP/MAS) 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Analysis of Chars from Alkaline-Treated Pyrolyzed Softwood

Pyrolysis chemistry of alkaline-treated loblolly pine is investigated in this study. The pyrolysis experiments were accomplished under an argon atmosphere at 200−400 °C, to determine the effect of alkaline treatment on the char formation. Solid-state cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chars of the treated and untreated loblolly pine. These studies showed that, in the samples treated with NaOH, there is a shift in the chemical composition of the thermally modified char from cellulosic/hemicellulosic structures to more aryl C structures. At 300 °C, carbohydrate peaks were still present in the char of untreated wood but not in the char of the alkaline-treated wood. This indicated that the addition of NaOH enhanced the thermal degradation of the sugars in the pine sawdust. Our studies also showed that there was an emergence of an aliphatic peak around 12 ppm in the treated pine, which is absent in the spectra of the u...
Fast and Global Optimal Energy-Efficient Control Allocation With Applications to Over-Actuated Electric Ground Vehicles

This paper presents a fast and global optimization algorithm for an energy-efficient control allocation (CA) scheme, which was proposed for improving the operational energy efficiency of over-actuated systems. For a class of realistic actuator power and efficiency functions, a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT)-based algorithm was devised to find all the local optimal solutions, and consequently the global minimum through a further simple comparison among all the realistic local minima and boundary values for such a non-convex optimization problem. This KKT-based algorithm is also independent on the selections of initial conditions by transferring the standard nonlinear optimization problem into classical eigenvalue problems. Numerical examples for electric vehicles with in-wheel motors were utilized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed global optimization algorithm. Simulation results, based on the parameters of an electric ground vehicle actuated by in-wheel motors (whose energy efficiencies were experimentally calibrated), showed that the proposed global optimization algorithm was at least 20 times faster than the classical active-set optimization method, while achieving better control allocation results for system energy saving.
Fixed membrane wings for micro air vehicles: Experimental characterization, numerical modeling, and tailoring

Abstract Fixed wing micro air vehicles (wingspan between 10 and 15 cm) are aerodynamically challenging due to the low Reynolds number regime (104–105) they operate in. The low aspect ratio wings (typically used to maximize area under a size constraint) promote strong tip vortices, and are susceptible to rolling instabilities. Wind gusts can be of the same order of magnitude as the flight speed (10–15 m/s). Standard control surfaces on an empennage must be eliminated for size considerations and drag reduction, and the range of stable center of gravity locations is only a few millimeters long. Membrane aeroelasticity has been identified as a tenable method to alleviate these issues: flexible wing structures with geometric twist (adaptive washout for gust rejection, delayed stall) and aerodynamic twist (adaptive inflation for high lift, larger stability margins) are both considered here. Recent investigations in static aeroelastic characterization, including flight loads, wing deformation, flow structures, aeroelastic-tailoring studies through laminate orientation, as well as unconventional techniques based on membrane pre-tension, are reviewed. Multi-objective optimization aimed at improving lift, drag, and pitching moment considerations is also discussed.
High-reliability SAW bandpass filters for space applications

High-reliability surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) bandpass filters have been developed for use in transponders for more than 25 earth-orbital and deep-space satellite programs. SAW filters have been incorporated in several NASA standard TT&C transponders and NASA standard tracking and data relay satellite system (TDRSS) user transponders. The author gives examples of the electrical performance, summarizes the manufacturing processes, and discusses qualification testing for these SAW devices. He identifies reliability problems encountered and their solutions. >
Pelvic arterial obstetrics embolisation in gynaecology

SummaryArterial embolisation has been used for >20 years to control acute haemorrhage secondary to obstetric and gynaecologic disease The use of this technique to specifically address pelvic haemorrhage in three major categories has increased in recent years. Embolisation is used to control acute pelvic haemorrhage in post-partum bleeding, postoperative bleeding and trauma, with success rates > 95% Early consultation with the interventional radiologist and modern angiographic equipment are key factors in achieving successful embolotherapy Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is increasingly used to treat symptomatic uterine fibroids in women who wish to retain their uterus Careful pre-procedural evaluation is paramount Complications are uncommon and 8590% of women report significant improvement of symptoms. Complex pelvic masses, such as ectopic pregnancies, arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and cancer-related haemorrhage are also amenable to embolotherapy Post-embolisation symptom recurrence is frequent in ...
Late Pleistocene Glaciation of the Southwestern Ahklun Mountains, Alaska

Glacial deposits in the southwestern Ahklun Mountains, southwestern Alaska, record two major glacier advances during the late Pleistocene. The Arolik Lake and Klak Creek glaciations took place during the early and late Wisconsin, respectively. During the Arolik Lake glaciation, outlet glaciers emanated from an ice cap centered over the central portion of the Ahklun Mountains and expanded beyond the present coast. During the Klak Creek glaciation, ice-cap outlet glaciers terminated ;60 km upvalley from Arolik Lake moraines. The area also supported numerous alpine glaciers that expanded from small massifs. During both episodes of glaciation, these alpine glaciers apparently reached their maximum positions sometime after the retreat of the ice-cap outlet glaciers. Equilibrium-line altitudes for reconstructed alpine glaciers of the Klak Creek glaciation average ;390 6 100 m elevation in the western Ahklun Mountains, which is at most 500 m, and possibly only 200 m, below the estimated modern equilibrium-line altitude. The maximum late Pleistocene advance in the southwestern Ahklun Mountains occurred during the early Wisconsin, similar to advances elsewhere in western Alaska, but in contrast to the isotopic signal in the deep-sea record of global ice volume. The restricted extent of Klak Creek glaciers might reflect the increased distance to the Bering Sea resulting from eustatic sea-level regression and decreased evaporation resulting from lower s ea-surface t emperatures a nd i ncreased s ea-ice extent. © 2000 University of Washington.
Digital control of a boost converter using Posicast

Analysis, design, simulation and DSP-based implementation of a digital controller using a Posicast element are presented for the boost converter. Different from the classical Posicast approach, the proposed control method here reduces undesirable sensitivity greatly by using Posicast within a feedback loop. Furthermore, unfavorable effects on system stability caused by the RHP zero and parasitic elements in the boost converter's dynamics can be ignored in the design of controller because of its narrow open-loop bandwidth. Transient and frequency responses are presented. The performance of a Posicast-based controller for a boost converter has been investigated through simulation and verified by experiment. The sensitivity of the system dynamical response to variations in controller parameters was examined. The effect of load resistance variation was also tested.
Bridging the gap - planning Lifestyle Medicine fellowship curricula: A cross sectional study

Background: The emerging field, Lifestyle Medicine (LM), is the evidence-based practice of assisting individuals and families to adopt and sustain behaviors that can improve health. While competencies for LM education have been defined, and undergraduate curricula have been published, there are no published reports that address graduate level fellowship in LM. This paper describes the process of planning a LM fellowship curriculum at a major, academic teaching institution.
Examining the Relationships between Reading Achievement and Tutoring Duration and Content for Gifted Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students from Low-Income Backgrounds.

This article describes a study designed to examine the relationship of tutoring in specific reading comprehension strategies to gains in reading achievement for children enrolled in self contained classrooms for gifted students from low-income, culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and heterogeneous with respect to reading achievement. Participants were 58 students in grades 3–5, including 12 English learners. Eleven adult tutors received training in decoding and 3 basic and 3 higher level reading comprehension strategies consistent with the district's reading program and adapted to include increasing levels of challenge and support for English learners. Scores on a standardized reading achievement test and an assessment of reading fluency served as outcome measures. Findings suggest that tutoring in decoding and higher level reading comprehension strategies supported gains in reading achievement. Gifted students who are English learners appear to benefit from tutoring in decoding and the full...
An MOS test device with the gate electrode emphasized for dielectric breakdown

A novel test device was fabricated with two MOS structures. The dielectric of the test device has a differential thickness and area which are combined with the same gate electrode. After the two MOS devices were fabricated on the same wafer, they were processed by ion implantation and sputtering. From the results of the measured electrical properties, it was possible to confirm that the dielectric breakdown caused by electrostatic charge-up is affected by an electron shower current in the ion implantation and the RF power in the sputtering. As a result, it was possible to find the effective process conditions for preventing charge-up. Test devices were fabricated that are 20 times more sensitive to dielectric breakdown than conventional MOS devices. >
Adult Children’s Problems and Successes: Implications for Intergenerational Ambivalence

Ambivalence theory suggests that parents experience ambivalence due to conflicting desires to help children in need and to launch children into adulthood. This study examined parents' reports of their adult children's problems and successes and implications for ambivalence. Participants aged 40-60 years (302 men and 331 women from different families) reported on up to 3 of their adult children (N = 1,251). Men and women differentiated among children in ratings of problems, successes, and ambivalence. Men and not women reported greater ambivalence regarding children with more physical-emotional problems and less career success. Men and women reported greater ambivalence regarding children with less relationship success. Consistent with ambivalence theory, individuals feel more ambivalent regarding problematic and less successful children but men's ambivalence appears to be more sensitive to their children's problems and successes than women's ambivalence.
Viscoelastic jet stability

The breakup of a low speed horizontal jet is investigated. Weber's theory for the Newtonian jet is extended to a linear viscoelastic fluid. The theory predicts a dependence of breakup length on the elasticity number. Breakup lengths are measured for low concentration solutions of polyisobutylene in tetralin. Two molecular weights, several concentrations, and five capillary diameters were studied. A single correlation is obtained for all data which gives the breakup length as a function of the elasticity number, and the parameters of Weber's theory. At constant values of the Ohnesorge number and Weber number, the breakup length decreases with increasing elasticity number. The effect of the length of the capillary is studied. At large elasticity numbers short tubes give rise to slightly shorter breakup lengths than long tubes under identical flow conditions.
Augmentation and tolerance with long-term pramipexole treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS)

Abstract Background : Dopaminergic agents have become first-line treatments for restless legs syndrome (RLS). The most common serious complications of l-Dopa treatment of RLS are ‘augmentation', in which RLS symptoms appear earlier during the day, and tolerance, in which medication effectiveness wanes over time. The aims of this study were to assess rates of augmentation and tolerance, and their interrelationship, with pramipexole treatment of RLS. Patients and methods : Retrospective assessment of all patients ( N =59) treated for RLS with pramipexole for at least 6 months (mean duration=21.2±11.4 months) by the senior author. Pramipexole dosing and clinical follow-up were performed in a standardized fashion. l-Dopa was discontinued and other medications for RLS were tapered as tolerated. Rates of augmentation (need for earlier administration of the same dose of pramipexole) and tolerance (need for an increase in pramipexole dose) were determined. Results : Augmentation developed in 32% (19/59), and tolerance occurred in 46% (27/59), of patients. These two complications were statistically related ( P Conclusions : Augmentation and tolerance are more common with extended pramipexole treatment of RLS than has been previously reported in preliminary studies. However, these complications are generally manageable by earlier dosing or small dose increases of this agent, and only rarely require medication discontinuation.
A meta-analysis of the effects of audience response systems (clicker-based technologies) on cognition and affect

Audience Response Systems (ARS) are thought to be a good way of using technology to increase engagement in the classroom and have been widely adopted by many instructors seeking to improve academic performance through student engagement. While researchers have examined the degree to which they promote cognitive and non-cognitive learning outcomes in the classroom, most of their findings are largely mixed and inconclusive. This meta-analysis seeks to resolve the conflicting findings. Specifically, the meta-analysis compared classrooms that did, and did not use ARS-based technologies on different cognitive and non-cognitive learning outcomes to examine the potential effects of using ARS. Overall, we found small but significant effects of using ARS-based technologies on a number of desirable cognitive and non-cognitive learning outcomes. Further analysis revealed that knowledge domain, class size, and the use of clicker questions, are among factors that significantly moderated the summary effect sizes observed among the studies in the meta-analysis. These findings hold significant implication for the implementation of clicker-based technologies in the classroom. Clickers have a small but significant effect on cognitive learning outcomes.Clickers have a near medium effect on non-cognitive learning outcomes.These effects are moderated by a number of moderators.Findings have implication for instructional design and research.
Flavonoids as markers for Erythroxylum Taxa: E. coca var. ipadu and E. novogranatense var. truxillense

Abstract Leaf extracts of Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu Plowman (E. c. var. ipadu) produced five O-conjugates of taxifolin and one O-conjugate of quercetin flavonoids, while the equivalent extract from Erythroxylum novogranatense var. truxillense (Rusby) Plowman (E. n. var. truxillense) afforded four flavonoids: (a) the first, an O-conjugate of quercetin; (b) the second, an O-conjugate of fisetin; and (c) the third and fourth O-conjugates of kaempferol. The flavonols of E. n. var. truxillense contained 4′-OEt whereas in E. c. var. ipadu none was found. E. n. var. truxillense contained the flavonol fisetin which was not found in E. c. var. ipadu and has not been previously reported for the taxa. The major sugars in leaf extracts were acylated rhamnosides with either 7, 3 or 4′ linkage or combinations thereof. Flavonoids of the four cultivated Erythroxylum taxa, all of which contain the cocaine alkaloid, differ, and may be used as chemotaxonomic markers for the taxa.
A respondent-friendly method of ranking long lists

This article illustrates a respondent-friendly approach to preference elicitation over large choice sets, which overcomes limitations of rating, full-list ranking, conjoint and choice-based approaches. This approach, HLm, requires respondents to identify the top and bottom m items from an overall list. Across respondents, the number of times an item appears in participants' L (low) list is subtracted from the number of times it appears in participants' H (high) list. These net scores are then used to order the total list. We illustrate the approach in three experiments, demonstrating that it compares favourably to familiar methods, while being much less demanding on survey participants. Experiment 1 had participants alphabetise words, suggesting the HLm method is easier than full ranking but less accurate if m does not increase with increases in list length. The objective of experiment 2 was to order US states by population. In this domain, where knowledge was imperfect, HLm outperformed full ranking. Experiment 3 involved eliciting respondents' personal tastes for fruit. HLm resulted in a final ranking that correlated highly with MaxDiff scaling. We argue that HLm is a viable method for obtaining aggregate order of preferences across large numbers of alternatives.
Subcellular trafficking of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A with concurrent generation of intracellular cGMP

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) activates guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), which lowers blood pressure and blood volume. The objective of the present study was to visualize internalization and trafficking of enhanced GFP (eGFP)-tagged NPRA (eGFP–NPRA) in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells, using immunofluorescence (IF) and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of eGFP–NPRA. Treatment of cells with ANP initiated rapid internalization and co-localization of the receptor with early endosome antigen-1 (EEA-1), which was highest at 5 min and gradually decreased within 30 min. Similarly, co-localization of the receptor was observed with lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1); however, after treatment with lysosomotropic agents, intracellular accumulation of the receptor gradually increased within 30 min. Co-IP assays confirmed that the localization of internalized receptors occurred with subcellular organelles during the endocytosis of NPRA. Rab 11, which was used as a recycling endosome (Re) marker, indicated that ∼20% of receptors recycled back to the plasma membrane. ANP-treated cells showed a marked increase in the IF of cGMP, whereas receptor was still trafficking into the intracellular compartments. Thus, after ligand binding, NPRA is rapidly internalized and trafficked from the cell surface into endosomes, Res and lysosomes, with concurrent generation of intracellular cGMP.
Immunologic Response of Turkeys to an Avirulent Pasteurella multocida Vaccine in the Drinking Water

Abstract Turkeys were given either (1) commercial oil-base Pasteurella multocida bacterin (containing P-1059, P-1662, and X-73 strains), (2) avirulent P. multocida vaccine (P-1059 strain), or (3) bacterin plus the avirulent vaccine. Other turkeys were non-vaccinated. The bacterin was injected at 8 weeks of age and the avirulent vaccine was administered in the drinking water at 12 weeks of age. To evaluate the immunologic response, there were 3 separate trials using a challenge with either a virulent P-1059 strain, a P-1662 strain, or an X-73 strain, at 14 weeks of age. Under the conditions of the 3 experiments conducted, the total number infected was 12.5%–45.0% in the turkeys that had received the bacterin, 5.0–10.0% in the turkeys that had received the avirulent vaccine, and 2.5% in the turkeys that had received the bacterin prior to receiving the vaccine. The total number infected was 75–100% in the turkeys that had not received either bacterin or avirulent vaccine. The attenuated vaccine (a P-1059 strain) induced a high degree of immunity to challenge with a virulent homologous strain and to virulent heterologous strains (P-1662 and X-73) as well, confirming data reported by Heddleston et al. (1970). The results of these experiments suggest (1) that the avirulent vaccine prevented considerable, but not all infection, (2) the use of an oil-base bacterin prior to the use of the avirulent vaccine reduced the total number infected still further, and (3) that oil-base bacterin alone was effective in reducing the total number infected, but was not as good as the avirulent vaccine. An undesirable effect of the avirulent vaccine was a 2.5% infection that it induced in 120 turkeys that had previously received an oil-base bacterin and a 4.2% infection in 120 turkeys that had not received the bacterin. The results of these experiments further suggest that there is no valid foundation for the views that immunizing agents against fowl cholera are of questionable value because of the variety of serotypes.
Drill Sergeant: Supporting Physical Construction Projects through an Ecosystem of Augmented Tools

Mapping techniques from software tutorials onto physical craft processes can assist novices in building multi-material assemblies. By providing in-situ step instructions and progress tracking, generating dynamic feedback on technique, and adapting tutorial content to a user's specific context and preferences, an ecosystem of smart tools can guide users through complete project tutorials. We demonstrate how such techniques can be enabled by augmenting common workshop tools (drill/driver, saw, router) with measurement, state sensing and interactive feedback; and by sequencing instructions across multiple tools. We validate the benefits of a smart tool ecosystem through reflections on a series of author-created design examples and informal feedback from four fab lab users.
Study on Growth Method of Ce: Lu_2SiO_5 Single Crystals

Combined w ith the composition and properties of Ce: Lu2 Si O5pow der,by comparing the Czochralski method w ith the flame fusion method,the main problems and causes w ere studied during the current used Czochralski grow th of Ce: Lu2 Si O5,such as existing crucible erosion,components volatilization,other impurities intrusion and instable scintillation properties etc. The above problems can be solved effectively w ith the flame fusion method w hich can be as a new research direction for Ce: Lu2 Si O5single crystal grow th.
Primary effusion lymphoma and concurrent progressive Kaposi sarcoma associated with elevated interleukin-6

![Figure][1] A 59-year-old man was diagnosed with HIV and Kaposi sarcoma (KS) 8 years prior to death; CD4+ count at diagnosis was 538 cells per μL. Despite antiretroviral therapy, KS required several additional therapies. More than 7 years later, the patient developed fever, rapidly
The British construction of indirect rule

Many empires, from the Roman to the Soviet Union, have employed indirect rule in an effort to extend their influence over disparate peoples and regions with a minimum of expenditure in material and human resources. This chapter delineates how the British devised and then sustained a system of indirect rule that reputedly provided a model that was adapted to many other imperial situations. In his comprehensive study of the British residency system, Michael Fisher has defined indirect rule in India as ‘the exercise of determinative and exclusive political control by one corporate body over a nominally sovereign state, a control recognised by both sides’. The four key elements are that: both sides must recognise the control as effective; only one entity can exercise control; all other rivals must be excluded; and the dominant power must recognise some degree of sovereignty in the local state. Debate continues over the degree of the sovereignty or autonomy of the Indian princes before and after they concluded treaties with the British. Since its publication in 1943, Edward Thompson's classic work, The Making of the Indian Princes , about British relations with Mysore and the Marathas from the 1790s to the 1820s has been the bedrock of arguments that without the British the princely states would not exist. But this thesis has outlived its usefulness. In most cases the British did not create the Indian princes as political leaders. Although many were coerced into subordination, princes usually sought political and material benefits from their agreements with the British.
Privacy and Secrecy

The year 1859 was, in retrospect, a critically important one in the history of secrecy and democracy. John Stuart Mill published one of the most vigorous defences of individual liberty, privacy, and progressivism that year, in his On Liberty. At the same time, after a 20-year delay, Charles Darwin finally published On the Origin of Species, a book that would subsequently exert an enormous influence over a whole range of disciplines, culture more broadly, and government.
Antimetabolites: Antibiotics That Inhibit Nucleotide Synthesis

Antimetabolites as antibiotics that inhibit synthesis of nucleotides needed for nucleic acid synthesis and their mechanisms of action are discussed. Background biochemistry on folic acid metabolism is included. Antibiotics presented are sulfa drugs, p-aminosalicylic acid, dapsone, trimethoprim, and fluorouracil. Methotrexate is discussed as an anticancer drug.
Lidded FCCSP warpage evaluation: Process modeling and characterization of the effect of viscoelasticity and cured shrinkage for molded underfill

The viscoelastic behavior of the molded underfill (MUF) in fine pitch encapsulated electronic package has a significant impact on package warpage and SMT assembly reliability. To ensure high reliable solder joint yield, the warpage evolution during reflow is critical and should be optimized. This study presents an integrated process modeling approach with finite-element method to predict the package warpage based on the time-domain viscoelastic behavior of the MUF material and its chemical shrinkage properties. The predicted warpage not only shows good agreement with the experimental data characterized by shadow Moire, but also effectively evaluates the effect for different MUF type. The results indicate that warpage at high temperature is highly sensitive to the CTE/Modulus of MUF.
Elevated Bone Marrow Acid Phosphatase: The Problem of False Positives

AbstractBone marrow acid phosphatase values were studied in 24 patients (12 men and 12 women) selected. at random, including 6 at autopsy. False positive results were noted in 8 of the 18 patients who were alive and in all 6 patients studied at autopsy. The possible causes for these falsely elevated results are discussed. The bone marrow acid phosphatase is a test of poor specificity and should not be used as the sole test on which vital decisions regarding management of the patient are based.
Knows what it knows: a framework for self-aware learning

We introduce a learning framework that combines elements of the well-known PAC and mistake-bound models. The KWIK (knows what it knows) framework was designed particularly for its utility in learning settings where active exploration can impact the training examples the learner is exposed to, as is true in reinforcement-learning and active-learning problems. We catalog several KWIK-learnable classes and open problems.