cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies against granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor are diagnostic for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of phospholipids and surfactant proteins in the lung. The central role for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in surfactant homeostasis has been established in mice lacking the GM-CSF gene, which results in murine pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. No GM-CSF gene defect has been defined in adult patients with idiopathic PAP. Previous studies indicated that the human disease differs from the murine model by the presence of circulating, neutralizing autoantibodies against GM-CSF. Therefore, the final common pathway between the GM-CSF knockout and human PAP appears to be the deficiency of functionally active GM-CSF. In the present study, all patients with idiopathic PAP were found to have systemic and localized antibodies against GM-CSF. Anti–GM-CSF titers were a specific and sensitive marker for PAP. In addition, we present data showing that the absence of active GM-CSF is associated with enhanced le...
Use of Ultrasound to Determine Need for Laparotomy in Trauma Patients

Abstract Study objective: To determine whether abdominal ultrasound can be used routinely as the primary screening test to identify the need for laparotomy in trauma patients. Methods: Ultrasound was used at a Level II trauma center as a primary screening test for evaluation of intraabdominal injury. We reviewed the charts of all patients from trauma codes presenting between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1993, to determine the results of abdominal ultrasound evaluation and to learn whether laparotomy was required. Results: A total of 2,013 trauma patients presented during the study interval. Ultrasound was performed in 1,631 patients as the primary screening test for abdominal injury (mean time after arrival, 22.9 minutes), abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed as the primary screen on 8 (mean time, 68.6 minutes), and 93 patients underwent both ultrasound and CT of the abdomen. Of 86 patients requiring laparotomy who were screened by ultrasound, 80 had positive diagnostic findings, for a sensitivity of 93.0%. Of the 1,545 ultrasound-screened patients who did not require laparotomy, 1,390 had negative findings, for a specificity of 90.0%. None of the patients with negative ultrasound results died or sustained identifiable mortality as a consequence of their negative scans. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a sensitive and specific test with which to evaluate trauma patients for abdominal injury requiring surgery. Routine abdominal ultrasound can be performed at the bedside in the emergency department as a timely, noninvasive diagnostic test. This use of a screening abdominal ultrasound examination can improve clinical decisionmaking for the use of emergency laparotomy. Ultrasound may be a better alternative to CT or diagnostic peritoneal lavage for the initial screening evaluation of abdominal trauma. [Porter RS, Nester BA, Dalsey WC, O'Mara M, Gleeson T, Pennell R, Beyer FC: Use of ultrasound to determine the need for laparotomy in trauma patients. Ann Emerg Med March 1997;29:323-330.]
The Interpretation of Textile Production and Use by High and Low Status Caddoan Groups

This paper demonstrates the application of technical studies of the fragmented remains of archaeological textiles to the reconstruction of past textile technologies and to the interpretation of the cultural phenomenon of status differentiation. The analyses of archaeological textile remains recovered from Caddoan burial contexts (Mississippian period) in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri provided information for the interpretation of differential production and use of textiles by high and low status groups within that prehistoric society of the southeastern United States. The research is based upon the characterization of specific textile attributes and burial context. The data sets utilized in the textile analyses include fabric structure, fabric scale, edge treatment, patterning, design, coloration, yarn structure, and fibers. Production complexity for each textile is assessed and then ranked using a recently developed textile production complexity index. Those specific textile attributes that appear to be most highly associated with status differences are identified using two different statistical procedures. Technological differences as well as textile utilization patterns between high and low groups are explored.
Resource Triumphalism: Postindustrial Narratives of Primary Commodity Production

It is now commonplace to assert that the contemporary discursive landscape is strewn with an abundance of environmental narratives. Yet these stories about nature seldom speak of the material geographies that link practices of postindustrial consumption to often-distant spaces of commodity supply. A postscarcity narrative in which the availability of natural resources no longer poses a limiting factor on economic growth, therefore, characterizes the current period. In this paper I examine how these narratives of ‘resource triumphalism’ construct the nature of commodities and the places that supply them. Using a range of sources, I illustrate how extractive spaces are constructed through a discursive dialectic which simultaneously erases socioecological histories and reinscribes space in the image of the commodity. The paper advances the claim that, despite their apparent marginality in narratives of postindustrialism, primary commodity-supply zones play a key role within broader narratives about modernity...
Injury of Lactic Streptococci by Culturing in Media Containing High Phosphates

Abstract Commercial cultures of lactic streptococci, used in Cheddar cheese fermentations, were cultured in commercial bacteriophage-resistant media. Metabolic injury was determined by the difference in plate counts on two plating media, lactic agar and restricted lactic agar (tryptone reduced to .5%). Injury occurred with all bacteriophage-resistant media although there was considerable variation among different media. Injury was less pronounced in combinations where the culture and the bacteriophage-resistant media were from the same commercial source. Proteinase activity was diminished in all instances of injury although the extent of injury did not relate with proteinase inactivation. Further, proteinase was attenuated in reconstituted 11% nonfat milk solids supplemented with 1 and 2% phosphates.
A biomimetic example of brittle toughening: (I) steady state multiple cracking

Abstract Multiple cracking dissipates energy and thus enhances the toughness of materials and structures composed of relatively brittle constituents. In this paper a biomimetic example is studied, i.e. the fracture behavior of the conch shell ( Strombus Gigas ). We focus on multiple cracking which occurs in the macroscopic layer on the tensile side of 4-point bend specimens with the crossed-lamellar microstructure. The interaction between the cracks results in mutual shielding and thus a lower stress intensity factor at each crack tip. An approximate fracture mechanics model of this mechanism is presented.
Recent developments in the theory and design of electric spark machine tools

MACHINE tools in which material removal is effected by the action of successive electric sparks are commercially available in the United States, most western European countries, and are known to be in extensive use in the Soviet Union. As a substitute for industrial diamond tools in the machining of hard materials and as a means of performing machining operations which are otherwise impossible, electric spark machining has attracted extensive industrial interest. An earlier paper1 described the basic process and a theory which explains the phenomena of spark machining. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of further research into the fundamental processes and some design trends in the electric circuits of spark machine tools.
A topographically organized gamma‐aminobutyric acid projection from the ventral pallidum to the nucleus accumbens in the rat

Anatomical and electrophysiological studies have indicated that a reciprocal projection from the ventral pallidum back to the nucleus accumbens exists and has functional relevance. In this study, the topographical projection from the ventral pallidum to the nucleus accumbens was examined by using retrograde tracing with fluoro-gold iontophoresed in subcompartments of the nucleus accumbens in rats combined with either in situ hybridization for glutamic acid decarboxylase and preproenkephalin mRNA or substance P immunoreactivity. Deposits made into the medial nucleus accumbens preferentially labeled neurons in the medial ventral pallidum, while deposits into the dorsolateral nucleus accumbens, at or lateral to the anterior commissure, labeled primarily cells in the dorsal and lateral ventral pallidum. A mediolateral to rostrocaudal topography was also observed, with the medial deposits preferentially labeling cells in rostral ventral pallidum and the lateral deposits resulting in retrogradely labeled cells in the ventral pallidum below the crossing of the posterior anterior commissure (subcommissural) as well as below the globus pallidus (sublenticular). The majority of cells retrogradely labeled with fluoro-gold were double-labeled for glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA. In contrast, very few retrogradely labeled neurons in the ventral pallidurn were double labeled for mRNA for preproenkephalin. These data demonstrate a topographically organized projection from the ventral pallidum, to the nucleus accumbens that is primarily γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic and reciprocal to the GABAergic projection from the nucleus accumbens to the ventral pallidum. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Statistical Potentials Extracted From Protein Structures: How Accurate Are They?

Abstract “Statistical potentials” are energies widely used in computer algorithms to fold, dock, or recognize protein structures. They are derived from: (1) observed pairing frequencies of the 20 amino acids in databases of known protein structures, and (2) approximations and assumptions about the physical process that these quantities measure. Using exact lattice models, we construct a rigorous test of those assumptions and approximations. We find that statistical potentials often correctly rank-order the relative strengths of interresidue interactions, but they do not reflect the true underlying energies because of systematic errors arising from the neglect of excluded volume in proteins. We find that complex residue – residue distance dependences observed in statistical potentials, even those among charged groups, can be largely explained as an indirect consequence of the burial of non-polar groups. Our results suggest that current statistical potentials may have limited value in protein folding algorithms and wherever they are used to provide energy-like quantities.
An outline of MQL

1.1 A Perspective on Data Management Data management is considered here to involve the collection, maintenance, and manipulation of data for the purposes of current and potential operational and decision support. Typically the data would be organized into one or more fries where at least one frie would vary in size. Missing data would be recognized in some way. Systems for data management as defined above would include such types of software as editors, compilers, database systems, spreadsheet systems, expert system shells, and statistical packages.
Synthesis of multidrug resistance modulator LY335979 labeled with deuterium and tritium

Dideutero and ditritioisotopomers of the multidrug resistance modulator LY335979 were prepared by initial bromination of 5-hydroxyquinoline under acidic conditions followed by Mitsunobu coupling of 6,8-dibromo-5-hydroxyquinoline with (S)-glycidol. Opening of the resulting epoxide with dibenzosuberylpiperazine LY335995 resulted in dibromoanalog of LY335979, which was finally reductively debrominated with deuterium or tritium in the presence of palladium on carbon.
Comparison of tailored interventions to increase mammography screening in nonadherent older women

Abstract Background Recent increases in mammography use have led to a decrease in mortality from breast cancer. Methods Building on the Health Belief Model, the Transtheoretical Model, and past effectiveness of tailored interventions, we conducted a prospective randomized trial ( n = 773) to test the efficacy on mammography adherence of tailored interventions delivered by five different methods, i.e., telephone counseling, in-person counseling, physician letter, and combinations of telephone with letter and in-person with letter. Results All five interventions increased mammography adherence significantly relative to usual care (odds ratios, 1.93 to 3.55) at 6 months post intervention. The combination of in-person with physician letter was significantly more effective than telephone alone or letter alone. Women thinking about getting a mammogram at baseline were more likely to be adherent by 6 months; even those in usual care achieved 48% adherence compared with 50–70% in the intervention groups. In contrast, women not thinking about getting a mammogram needed the interventions to increase their adherence from 13% to over 30%. Conclusions All five interventions were effective at increasing mammography adherence. Women not thinking about getting a mammogram were most likely to benefit from these tailored interventions while other women might need less intensive interventions.
Roles of the 5′ leader region of the ompA mRNA☆

Abstract OmpA protein, a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli , is synthesized from a messenger RNA containing a 134-nucleotide 5′ leader region. The role of this leader region in efficient ompA expression was investigated using a series of ompA - lacZ fusion plasmids. These plasmids differ in the amount of DNA encoding the ompA leader region which is fused to the lacZ structural gene. The fusion containing all but six nucleotides of the ompA leader produced the highest β-galactosidase activity, while the fusion containing the shortest leader synthesized only 4% as much β-galactosidase. Fusions with leaders intermediate in length produced between 6% and 24% of the activity found in the most efficient fusion. Quantitaten of lacZ mRNA synthesis by DNA-RNA hybridization revealed differences in lacZ mRNA production reflecting the observed differences in β-galactosidase activity. The primary effect of the ompA leader in maintaining high levels of mRNA is discussed in terms of the roles of mRNA secondary structure.
The Oldest Stars

I review the techniques used to identify the oldest “living” stars in the Universe, concentrating on two large modern surveys: the HK survey of Beers and colleagues and the Hamburg/ESO survey of Christlieb and collaborators. I then consider the knowledge that has been gained recently concerning the the distribution of measured stellar metallicities from these samples, the so-called Metallicity Distribution Function of the halo of the Milky Way. A summary of some of the most exciting results from recent high-resolution spectroscopy of very metal-poor stars identified in these samples is provided. Special attention is given to the nature of r-process-enhanced metal-poor stars, and what they reveal about the operation and possible astrophysical site(s) of the r-process in the early Universe. Finally, I discuss plans for next-generation surveys for extremely metal-poor stars.
Open field studies in offspring of underfed mother rats.

Two groups of 26-week-old male rats were given open field box tests. One group of 12 were controls; the second group of 9 were animals born of dams whose diet was restricted during gestation. After birth these animals were nursed by foster mothers who were fed ad libitum during their pregnancy and thereafter. All subject animals were fed ad libitum after weaning. The ex perimental group exhibited heightened emotional behavior and decreased activ ity. There were marked differences in all indices recorded during the experi mental period of 27 trials, with major criteria (activity, time in center square, fecal boli) significantly different between groups. J. Nutr. 101: 331-336, 1971. Recent studies indicate that the diet of the pregnant female may be a factor of grave importance relative to the incidence of behavioral abnormalities in the offspring (1-3). Such damage is permanent and is not reversible by postnatal nourishment by a normal foster mother and subsequent feeding on an unlimited basis (4). The present experiment was performed to gather more information on the effects of prenatal malnourishment and on long-term behavioral patterns as well as to evaluate the efficiency of the tests for measuring these effects.
Irregular buffer-zone partitioning reducing synchronization cost in SAMR

Achieving good scalability for large simulations based on structured adaptive mesh refinement is non-trivial. Performance is limited by the partitioner's ability to efficiently use the underlying parallel computer's resources. Domain-based partitioners serve as a foundation for techniques designed to improve the scalability and they have traditionally been designed on the basis of an independence assumption regarding the computational flow among grid patches at different refinement levels. But this assumption does not hold in practice. Hence the effectiveness of these techniques is significantly impaired. This paper introduces a partitioning method designed on the true premises. The method is tested for four different applications exhibiting different behaviors. The results show that synchronization costs on average can be reduced by 75 percent. The conclusion is that the method is suitable as a foundation in general hierarchical methods designed to improve the scalability of structured adaptive mesh refinement applications.
Electrostatic Effects on the Equilibrium Partitioning of Spherical Colloids in Random Fibrous Media

A theory has been developed to predict the effects of electrostatic interactions on the equilibrium partition coefficient (Φ) of spherical macromolecules in gels, the gels being modeled as random arrays of fibers. The partitioning theory derived by Ogston (Trans. Faraday Soc.54, 1754–1757 (1958)) for neutral macromolecules and fibers was extended by using a Boltzmann factor, containing an electrostatic free energy, to modify the probability of fitting a sphere in a space between fibers. This approach, which is limited to dilute solutions of macromolecules, is approximate in that the only electrostatic interactions considered are those between the sphere and the nearest fiber. The electrostatic free energy was calculated from finite-element solutions to the linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation for a sphere interacting with a long cylinder, both with specified surface charge densities. Free energies calculated for many combinations of sphere radius, fiber radius, separation distance, Debye length, and the surface charge densities of the sphere and fiber are presented as a correlation involving the various dimensionless parameters. When the sphere and fiber have like charges, Φ decreases with increases in the sphere size, the volume fraction of fibers, the Debye length, and either surface charge density; results are presented to illustrate each of these effects. Predictions from the theory are in good agreement with recent measurements of Φ for proteins in moderately charged gels.
Psychomotor test scores and rated functional impairment of mental retardates.

In earlier papers (4, 5 ) it was demonstrated that psychomotor test results were related to certain factors in a sample of patients resident at a state hospital for the mentally ill. One of these factors was the patient's clinical diagnosis. Arranged in order of decreasing adequacy of their psychomotor performance, these diagnostic categories were "neurotic, manic depressive, schizophrenic, chronic brain syndrome, and mentally deficient." All these groups differed significantly in performance from each other except the chronic brain syndrome and the mentally deficient groups which were nearly identical. These results were based on over 1700 cases and represented neatly a 100% sample of the hospital patients resident during a 5-yr. period. The same tests were applied to a large sample of the patients resident at a state training school for the mentally retarded (5). More than 90% of these patients functionally classified as mildly or moderately retarded were tested. Their performance was virtually identical with that of the "mentally deficient" group in the state hospital (4). Such data suggest these two samples were apparently drawn from the same population and their performance was relatively poor. Further, the two groups of patients classified by the training school as mildly or moderately retarded differed significantly from each other in psychomotor test performance, the mild group outperforming the moderate group. Since this analysis was at the actuarial level, i.e., group performance, analysis at the clinical level, i.e., study of individuals, is described here. Our purpose was to determine whether the psychomotor tests could be used to assign these patients to the same functional classes used by the schoo1.l
Feeding Problems in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review

Many parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) report that their children have feeding problems. A body of literature targeted toward parents of children with ASD includes information about possible interventions for this problem. Most intervention suggestions within this literature have been only anecdotally reported to be effective; few research studies have addressed maladaptive feeding behaviors in children with ASD. This review synthesizes current research regarding the types of feeding problems and interventions used with children with ASD. In addition, the authors briefly discuss the literature on treating feeding problems in other populations as a means of comparison. They also point out differences in empirically supported treatments and treatments used by parents for aberrant feeding behaviors in children with ASD.
Relation of late potentials to ejection fraction and wall motion abnormalities in acute myocardial infarction

Abstract A prospective study was performed to determine the relation between quantitative signal-averaged parameters and ejection fraction (EF) and wall motion abnormalities determined by radionuclide ventriculography in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In 50 patients with AMI, signal-averaging of the surface QRS complex (200 beats; filter frequencies of 40 to 250 Hz and 80 to 250 Hz) was performed and radionuclide ventriculograms were recorded 8 ± 5 days after AMI. Twenty-five of these patients (50%) had anterior wall AMI, 20 (40%) had inferior wall AMI and 5 (10%) had non-Q-wave AMI. The duration of the low-amplitude signals of less than 40 μV, the signal-averaged QRS complex and the root-mean-square voltage of the terminal 40 ms were determined. In addition to EF determinations, wall motion abnormalities were assessed for the presence or absence of dyskinetic, akinetic and hypokinetic segments. A wall motion score was constructed by separating the left and right ventricles into 21 segments in the anterior, left anterior oblique and lateral views. On the basis of the presence or absence of late potentials, the patients were separated into 2 groups: group I comprised 15 patients (30%) with late potentials and group II 35 patients (70%) without late potentials. The low-amplitude signals (49 ± 12 vs 24 ± 8 ms) and the signal-averaged QRS complex (122 ± 20 vs 96 ± 15 ms) were significantly longer and the root-mean-square voltage (13.8 ± 4.9 vs 54.3 ± 27.4 μV) significantly lower in group I than in group II. However, EF (38 ± 14% vs 36 ± 12%), left and right ventricular wall motion abnormalities and left and right ventricular as well as combined wall motion scores were not significantly different between the groups. Thus, abnormal signal-averaged parameters are seen in 30% of patients with AMI and are independent of EF and wall motion abnormalities, and they may have independent prognostic value in patients who have had infarction.
Joint use policies: are they related to adolescent behavior?

Abstract Objective Joint use policies (JUP) encourage shared facility use, usually between schools and a city or private organization, for both physical activity-related and non-physical activity-related programs. Little is known about JUP's impact on physical activity (PA). This study examined whether more specific JUPs were associated with increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior (SB) in adolescents. Methods Data on PA, sports participation, and SB were taken from annual cross-sectional nationally representative samples of 51,269 8th, 10th and 12th grade public school students nested in 461 school districts in the US from 2009–2011. JUP measures were constructed using information obtained from corresponding school district JU policies. Multivariable analyses were conducted, controlling for individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and clustering at the district level. Results Results showed small associations between more specific JUPs and increased PA (IRR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02). Closer examination of specific JUP provisions indicates that specifying what times facilities are available for use was associated with vigorous exercise and prioritizing school or affiliated organizations' use and which spaces were available for use were associated with vigorous exercise and more frequent PA participation, which includes participation in sports or athletics. No associations were found between more specific JUPs and SB. Conclusions JUPS may have small influences on adolescent physical activity behavior. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to examine the impact of JUPs in conjunction with other physical activity-related policies and environmental changes to determine what impact they have on overall adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior.
Incorporation of biorthogonality into lapped transforms for audio compression

Acoustic signal representations used in current audio coding algorithms can be improved by the incorporation of biorthogonality into Malvar's extended lapped transform (ELT). Biorthogonality allows more flexibility in the design of the analysis and synthesis windows by increasing the number of degrees of freedom. This paper examines this increase for two special cases and demonstrates the importance of the additional flexibility to the proper implementation of psychoacoustic modeling, a feature central to all modern audio compression schemes.
Calculation, Measurement, and Control of Interface Strength in Composites

Strength and energy criteria for interface delamination are given for composite systems involving anisotropic fibers. The tensile strength of planar interfaces is measured with a modified laser spallation experiment involving a laser Doppler displacement interferometer. The technique for achieving desired interface properties is demonstrated on an Nb/Al 2 O 3 interface. In the as-deposited state, the strength is determined to be 0.28 GPa. The interface strength is controlled with sputter-deposited Cr and Sb interlayers. The strength of Nb/Al 2 O 3 interfaces varies from 0.28 to 0.35 GPa when the Cr layer thickness varies from 1 to 50 A. The strength is reduced to 0.16 GPa with Sb thickness of 70 A.
Sensor Kinases RetS and LadS Regulate Pseudomonas syringae Type VI Secretion and Virulence Factors

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a is a resident on leaves of common bean, where it utilizes several well-studied virulence factors, including secreted effectors and toxins, to develop a pathogenic interaction with its host. The B728a genome was recently sequenced, revealing the presence of 1,297 genes with unknown function. This study demonstrates that a 29.9-kb cluster of genes in the B728a genome shares homology to the novel type VI secretion system (T6SS) locus recently described for other gram-negative bacteria. Western blot analyses showed that B728a secretes Hcp, a T6SS protein, in culture and that this secretion is dependent on clpV, a gene that likely encodes an AAA(+) ATPase. In addition, we have identified two B728a sensor kinases that have homology to the P. aeruginosa proteins RetS and LadS. We demonstrate that B728a RetS and LadS reciprocally regulate the T6SS and collectively modulate several virulence-related activities. Quantitative PCR analyses indicated that RetS and LadS regulate genes associated with the type III secretion system and that LadS controls the expression of genes involved in the production of the exopolysaccharides alginate and levan. These analyses also revealed that LadS and the hybrid sensor kinase GacS positively regulate the expression of a putative novel exopolysaccharide called Psl. Plate assays demonstrated that RetS negatively controls mucoidy, while LadS negatively regulates swarming motility. A mutation in retS affected B728a population levels on the surfaces of bean leaves. A model for the LadS and RetS control of B728a virulence activities is proposed.
Effect of cyproheptadine on TRH-stimulated prolactin and TSH release in man.

TRH-stimulated prolactin release was determined in four male volunteers with and without pre-treatment with cyproheptadine All showed a marked increase in the TRH-mediated prolactin rise and a marked decrease in the TRH-mediated TSH rise when receiving cyproheptadine pre-treatment.
A Family of Tools for Supporting the Learning of Programming

Both learning how to program and understanding algorithms or data structures are often difficult. This paper presents three complementary approaches that we employ to help our students in learning to program, especially during the first term of their study. We use a web-based programming task database as an easy and risk-free environment for taking the first steps in programming Java. The Animal algorithm visualization system is used to visualize the dynamic behavior of algorithms and data structures. We complement both approaches with tutorial videos on using the Eclipse IDE. We also report on the experiences with this combined approach.
Effect of ventilation systems and air filters on decay rates of particles produced by indoor sources in an occupied townhouse

Abstract Several studies have shown the importance of particle losses in real homes due to deposition and filtration; however, none have quantitatively shown the impact of using a central forced air fan and in-duct filter on particle loss rates. In an attempt to provide such data, we measured the deposition of particles ranging from 0.3 to 10 μm in an occupied townhouse and also in an unoccupied test house. Experiments were run with three different sources (cooking with a gas stove, citronella candle, pouring kitty litter), with the central heating and air conditioning (HAC) fan on or off, and with two different types of in-duct filters (electrostatic precipitator and ordinary furnace filter). Particle size, HAC fan operation, and the electrostatic precipitator had significant effects on particle loss rates. The standard furnace filter had no effect. Surprisingly, the type of source (combustion vs. mechanical generation) and the type of furnishings (fully furnished including carpet vs. largely unfurnished including mostly bare floor) also had no measurable effect on the deposition rates of particles of comparable size. With the HAC fan off, average deposition rates varied from 0.3 h−1 for the smallest particle range (0.3–0.5 μm) to 5.2 h−1 for particles greater than 10 μm. Operation of the central HAC fan approximately doubled these rates for particles
Veterans' voices: use of the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) Survey to identify My HealtheVet personal health record users' characteristics, needs, and preferences.

Background Consumer research reveals considerable interest in the use of Personal Health Records (PHRs), yet adoption remains relatively low. Both adopters and nonadopters represent important perspectives from which to understand this paradox. Objective This study focuses on direct feedback from adopters obtained using the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) survey on the My Health e Vet PHR portal ( ) of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The results represent a source of direct feedback with which to better understand veterans' needs and preferences. Methods The ACSI Survey was implemented in October 2007 to measure satisfaction and elicit information about characteristics and preferences of My Health e Vet PHR adopters. The data represent a continuous random sample of site visitors who have navigated at least four pages on the site. A total of 100 617 surveys were completed (17.2%). Results Satisfaction with My Health e Vet is high (8.3/10.0), and users are highly likely to return to the site (8.6/10.0) and recommend the site to other veterans (9.1/10.0). The majority of system adopters are male (91%), between the ages of 51 and 70 (68%), and served in the Vietnam War (60%). Most veterans currently visit the site to utilize pharmacy-related features. Conclusion VHA has used the ACSI to monitor satisfaction, and to better understand the characteristics, needs, and preferences of early adopters. The data provide an important source of direct feedback to inform program development. Future research will include monitoring the impact of enhancements and new features on satisfaction, and conducting additional research with nonadopters to identify barriers to adoption and use.
The RNase P Associated with HeLa Cell Mitochondria Contains an Essential RNA Component Identical in Sequence to That of the Nuclear RNase P

The mitochondrion-associated RNase P activity (mtRNase P) was extensively purified from HeLa cells and shown to reside in particles with a sedimentation constant (~17S) very similar to that of the nuclear enzyme (nuRNase P). Furthermore, mtRNase P, like nuRNase P, was found to process a mitochondrial tRNASer(UCN) precursor [ptRNASer(UCN)] at the correct site. Treatment with micrococcal nuclease of highly purified mtRNase P confirmed earlier observations indicating the presence of an essential RNA component. Furthermore, electrophoretic analysis of 3'-end-labeled nucleic acids extracted from the peak of glycerol gradient-fractionated mtRNase P revealed the presence of a 340-nucleotide RNA component, and the full-length cDNA of this RNA was found to be identical in sequence to the H1 RNA of nuRNase P. The proportions of the cellular H1 RNA recovered in the mitochondrial fractions from HeLa cells purified by different treatments were quantified by Northern blots, corrected on the basis of the yield in the same fractions of four mitochondrial nucleic acid markers, and shown to be 2 orders of magnitude higher than the proportions of contaminating nuclear U2 and U3 RNAs. In particular, these experiments revealed that a small fraction of the cell H1 RNA (of the order of 0.1 to 0.5%), calculated to correspond to ~33 to ~175 intact molecules per cell, is intrinsically associated with mitochondria and can be removed only by treatments which destroy the integrity of the organelles. In the same experiments, the use of a probe specific for the RNA component of RNase MRP showed the presence in mitochondria of 6 to 15 molecules of this RNA per cell. The available evidence indicates that the levels of mtRNase P detected in HeLa cells should be fully adequate to satisfy the mitochondrial tRNA synthesis requirements of these cells.
Data scaling classification in stream analysis systems

We formalize data scaling classification (DSC) as a technique to trade the accuracy of classification with the network transmission load in stream analysis frameworks. We apply the proposed data scaling approaches to ECG classification in remote health monitoring systems. Experimental results show satisfactory resource savings for small amounts of utility degradation (e.g., 33% of bandwidth saving for a 3.3% of accuracy degradation).
Tetrakis[1‐[[4‐dodecylphenyl]sulfonyl]‐(2S)‐prolinate] Dirhodium

[179162-32-4] C90H140N4O16Rh2S4 (MW 1866) (chiral catalyst for asymmetric reactions of diazo compounds, especially aryldiazoacetates and vinyldiazoacetates1) Physical Data: mp 195–200°C [α]22D −165 ° (c = 1, CHCl3); 1H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.74 (d, 8 H, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.53 (d, 8 H, J = 9.2 Hz), 4.32 (m, 4 H), 3.25 (m, 4 H), 3.05 (m, 4 H), 2.07 (m, 4 H), 1.85 (m, 4 H), 1.57 (m, 8 H), 1.25 (bs, 36 H), 0.85 (m, 10 H). Solubility: very soluble in most organic solvents including hydrocarbons. Form Supplied in: green solid; available from Aldrich Chemical Co. The linear alkylbenzene side chains consist of a mixture of 1% C10, 40% C11, 28% C12 and 31% C13. Preparative Methods: from dirhodium tetraacetate by ligand exchange with N-[1-(dodecylphenyl)sulfonyl]-(2S)-prolinate.2 Purification: further purification is generally not necessary. May be dried by heating under vacuum at 100°C. May be purified by column chromatography on silica with ether/petroleum ether as solvent. If contaminated with the free ligand, can be purified by dissolving in diethyl ether and extracting the organic layer with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, followed by drying the organic layer over MgSO4, then filtering and evaporation of the solvent. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the catalyst is moisture, air, and thermally stable. It may be stored at room temperature for extended periods of time without any apparent decomposition. The toxicity of the title reagent, Rh2(S-DOSP)4, is unknown. Strong nucleophiles such as nitriles, phosphines, amines, pyridines, and sulfides will tend to coordinate to the axial site of the catalyst. This may cause partial poisoning of the catalyst or catalyst decomposition, depending on the coordinating ligand. Reactions carried out under non-anhydrous conditions tend to result in lower enantioselectivity.3
A Jigsaw Classroom Activity for Learning IR Analysis in Organic Chemistry

A modified jigsaw classroom activity is presented for the integrated study of functional groups and their characteristic infrared absorption frequencies. Students individually performed semiempirical studies on the vibrational frequencies of an assigned molecule and compared the results to an experimental spectrum from a database. The results of these studies were discussed in a small group exercise to discover the spectral features that are most useful in identifying particular functional groups and their relationship to structures.
The human embryo in the Christian tradition: a reconsideration

Recent claims that the Christian tradition justifies destructive research on human embryos have drawn upon an article by the late Professor Gordon Dunstan which appeared in this journal in 1984. Despite its undoubted influence, this article was flawed and seriously misrepresented the tradition of Christian reflection on the moral status of the human embryo.
Losing Their Voice: How Recent Supreme Court Precedent Limits Employee Rights and Prevents Employment Law Claims From Being Brought in Federal Court

Traditionally, employees rely on federal law and federal courts to protect their rights in the workplace. However, recent Supreme Court decisions have limited the ability of employees to bring employment law claims in federal court by erecting judicially constructed procedural barriers to having claims heard. This paper will examine recent Supreme Court precedent and analyze the impact those claims have on employment law and the legal rights of employees. By exploring the issues decided by the Court in Pyett, Ledbetter, Gross, Dukes, and Hosanna-Tabor, this paper will conclude that a clear trend has emerged that will limit the effectiveness of federal employment law and keep employment law claims out of the federal courthouse.
Executive behavior and the influence of religious factors: evidence from gubernatorial State-of-the-State Addresses, 2000–2013

As scholars and pundits increasingly note, debate has intensified over religion in contemporary American politics. Yet, Presidency and Executive Politics researchers know relatively little about how executive behavior is influenced by religion, especially in regard to the impact religious identity and context may have on gubernatorial decision-making. It is the core purpose of this study to explore this understudied topic and begin to fill a large, overlapping, gap that exists across multiple literatures. In pursuit of this goal, the “president-/presidency-centered” framework of analysis is employed to examine religious rhetoric found in a new data-set containing all State-of-the-State Addresses (SoSA) from 2000 to 2013. The study provides the first evidence that gubernatorial decision-making is influenced by both identity-based and contextual factors. Indeed, the probability of whether “God” (or an equivalent term) is mentioned in the agenda-setting SoSA is significantly influenced by the governor's gend...
Afterword: Toward a New American Conversation on the Rights of African-Americans

The Proceedings of the Conference On African-Americans and the Right to Self-Determination held in 1992 invite all Americans to engage each other in a new American conversation on the human rights of African-Americans informed by the language of international law. It is an invitation not to abandon the Constitution of the United States, but to open up possibilities of full participation in American life for African-Americans under the Constitution, by drawing on the resources of human rights law developed in a global context. The publication of the Proceedings of the Conference for which this article offers a reflective comment describe the proceedings as a first effort to sketch out the possibilities of such a conversation that takes seriously the status of African-Americans as a national minority under principles of international law. In this way the Proceedings seek to construct a new language to address one of the oldest and most vexing problems at the heart of the American nation.
Molecular genetics of leukemia and lymphoma.

Abstract Leukemias and lymphomas are the most extensively characterized forms of neoplasia at the molecular genetic level. Southern blot assays to detect rearrangement of antigen-receptor genes have proven useful in the diagnosis of monoclonality in B- and T-cell neoplasms. This type of assay has clinical utility in that it can detect a small monoclonal population and provide unique information about the clone. Characteristic chromosomal translocations found in various histological types of leukemia and lymphoma can also be detected by Southern blot or by polymerase chain-reaction-based techniques. Detection of point mutations in the ras family of oncogenes may have prognostic importance and permit detection of a monoclonal population in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias. Viruses may also be involved with leukemia and lymphoma. As assays involving molecular genetics became increasingly important in the evaluation of these neoplasms, greater efforts are needed to improve their technical, laboratory, and clinical aspects.
Blood cultures showing aberrant forms of bacteria.

Aberrant forms of bacteria were observed in blood cultures obtained from four patients. One Enterobacter cloacae , one E. coli and two Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated at 48 hr. from blood cultures. All four patients had received penicillin, ampicillin, or cephalothin shortly before the blood cultures were obtained.
Chronic idiopathic ulcerative colitis. Pregnancy and fetal outcome.

Many frequently cited studies of the interaction of chronic idiopathic ulcerative colitis (CIUC) and pregnancy were performed in the 1950s before pharmacotherapy for this disease was common. We retrospectively reviewed obstetrical records at a large maternity facility to determine the effects of CIUC on pregnancy and on fetal outcome. We observed that the prevalence of CIUC in pregnant women was below that expected based on published data (P<0.01). The use of prednisone and sulfasalazine in pregnant women with CIUC was common; 85% of these patients received these medications. We found significantly greater (P<0.01) incidence of low-birth-weight in infants (<2500 g) of mothers with CIUC than in the control population. The delivery of infants of low birth weight occurred despite adequate maternal weight gain.
Poly(ethylene oxide)–Poly(butylene oxide)–Poly(ethylene oxide)-Templated Synthesis of Mesoporous Alumina: Effect of Triblock Copolymer and Acid Concentration

Mesoporous alumina was synthesized via a one-pot self-assembly of aluminum isopropoxide and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(butylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer in an acidic ethanol solution. The effects of the polymer concentration and nitric acid concentration, independently, on the adsorption properties (such as surface area, pore volume, microporosity, mesoporosity, and pore width) were studied. An increase in the specific surface area and the pore volume was seen for the samples containing a polymer/aluminum isopropoxide wt. ratio up to 0.71 and a polymer/acid wt ratio of 0.88. Titania isopropoxide was also added to the synthesis to illustrate the extension of this approach to alumina-based mixed metal oxides.
Tactic-proximal compact spaces are strong Eberlein compact

Abstract The author and G. Gruenhage previously showed that J. Bell's proximal game may be used to characterize Corson compactness in compact Hausdorff spaces. Using tactical strategies considering only the most recent move of the opponent, the proximal game may also be used to characterize the strong Eberlein compactness property. In doing so, a purely topological characterization of the proximal game is introduced, and several existing results on the proximal game are given analogues considering limited information strategies.
Serotonin Modulates Spike Backpropagation and Associated [Ca2+]i Changes in the Apical Dendrites of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons

Sandler, Vladislav M. and William N. Ross. Serotonin modulates spike backpropagation and associated [Ca2+]i changes in the apical dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 81...
Efficient Methods For Solving Quadratic 0–1 Knapsack Problems

AbstractWe propose a heuristic algorithm and an exact branch and bound algorithm for the problem of maximizing a quadratic function in 0 – 1 variables which are subject to a linear inequality. The proposed algorithms aim at determining, at every step of the procedure, variables which can be fixed to values that are both feasible and optimal for certain subproblems. The algorithms make repeated use of the L2-best linear approximation of the objective function and use for variable fixation conclusions derived from Lagrangean relaxation, order relations and constraint pairing. We investigate the role of each of the three variable fixation techniques using computational tests. Extensive computational results are presented comparing the proposed heuristic and exact algorithm to previously known ones. The conclusions show that the solution produced by the proposed heuristic algorithm is, on the average, within 1% of the optimum and that the number of nodes examined in the proposed exact algorithm is dramaticall...
1. Peptic ulcer disappearance after feedings of normal human gastric juice

1. The gastric juice of normal volunteer subjects was fed to a series of patients with uncomplicated peptic ulcer. The normal gastric juice was neutralized, filtered and preserved with tricresol. 2. The relief of peptic ulcer symptoms and prompt roentgen disappearance of peptic ulcer is herein recorded following the feeding of gastric juice from normal human subjects. 3. Evidence is presented which tends to indicate that a “protective principle” is elaborated within the gastric and duodenal mucous membranes and secreted into the gastric juice. This protective principle may be lacking or be impaired in patients with peptic ulcer. 4. It appears that the protective principle in normal gastric juice can be fed to uncomplicated peptic ulcer patients causing the ulcers and symptoms in these patients to disappear.