cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Новые референции концепта «земля» в русской литературе революционных лет (1917–1920-е)

The paper demonstrates the change in the topic of Russian literature under the pressure of revolutionary events in Russia from 1917 to 1921. The author considers the gap between the concepts of “land” and “people”, traditionally indivisible in the Russian linguistic image of the world. On the one hand, the “motherland” plays a redemptive role in relation to the people betrayed by her, on the other, being ready to take them into her space, she is more worthy than her people. Historical and biblical analogies are also given in the paper. The author traces the deconstruction of the concept “people” in Russian literature in the 20th century and at the turn of the 20th and the 21st century. She determines the connection of this process not only to the unique history of 20th-century Russia but also to the worldwide globalization process and notes the apparent weakening of the traditional relationship between “lands” and their people. The author analyzes the works written by D. Merezhkovsky, S. Bulgakov, M. Pris...
PWM-based proportional-integral sliding-mode current control of DC-DC boost converter

In this paper, a large-signal non-ideal averaged model of DC-DC boost converter for continuous conduction mode is developed and implemented using MATLAB s-function, which is used to perform nonlinear simulation. In addition, a new pulse-width modulated based proportional-integral sliding-mode current controller with a constant ramp voltage is introduced. The nonlinear controller eliminates the steady-state error, maintains constant switching frequency, and tracks the desired reference signal under large line and load disturbances. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK to validate the control design methodology. The simulation results show that the proposed controller provides good tracking and regulation performance with a wide operating range.
Advancing Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in a Secondary Methods Course

Given changes in the U.S. school-age population, it is crucial that colleges of education prepare teacher candidates to work effectively with students from diverse backgrounds. Because diversity constitutes such a small portion of the curriculum in many teacher education programs, it is crucial that teacher educators find creative ways to incorporate diversity into the courses they teach. In this article a teacher educator at a predominantly White institution in the American Southeast describes how she introduces culturally relevant pedagogy and connects it to the content, activities, and assessments included in the remainder of a course.
Augmentation of a wound response element accompanies the origin of a Hox-regulated Drosophila abdominal pigmentation trait

A challenge for evolutionary research is to uncover how new morphological traits evolve the coordinated spatial and temporal expression patterns of genes that govern their formation during development. Detailed studies are often limited to characterizing how one or a few genes contributed to a trait's emergence, and thus our knowledge of how entire GRNs evolve their coordinated expression of each gene remains unresolved. The melanic color patterns decorating the male abdominal tergites of Drosophila (D.) melanogaster evolved in part by novel expression patterns for genes acting at the terminus of a pigment metabolic pathway, driven by cis-regulatory elements (CREs) with distinct mechanisms of Hox regulation. Here, we examined the expression and evolutionary histories of two important enzymes in this pathway, encoded by the pale and Ddc genes. We found that while both genes exhibit dynamic patterns of expression, a robust pattern of Ddc expression specifically evolved in the lineage of fruit flies with pronounced melanic abdomens. Derived Ddc expression requires the activity of a CRE previously shown to activate expression in response to epidermal wounding. We show that a binding site for the Grainy head transcription factor that promotes the ancestral wound healing function of this CRE is also required for abdominal activity. Together with previous findings in this system, our work shows how the GRN for a novel trait emerged by assembling unique yet similarly functioning CREs from heterogeneous starting points.
The Gypsy Moth

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus), is one of the most serious pests of hardwood forests in temperate regions. A cartographical analysis of gypsy moth35 shows it to occur within the latitudes 20°–60°N, where annual rainfall is 25–100 cm and temperature isotherms are 15–27°C for July and —18–12°C for January. The genus probably originated in East Asia,36 which is where L. dispar exhibits its greatest variability39 (Fig. 1). Proceeding westward from East Asia to western Europe, adult and larval coloration patterns become less variable and females progressively lose the ability to fly.36’65 The range of the gypsy moth was extended through a series of founder events westward into Europe and from France to North America.
Tribo-Chemical Activation of Green Eco-Cements

Due to growing global demand for cement, the production of cement worldwide has significantly increased in the past 15 years, and this trend is the most significant factor affecting the technological and manufacturing advancements in the cement industry. While the increase in demand for cement reflects the growth of national economies, the production of cement clinker is ecologically harmful because it consumes considerable energy and natural resources, and it emits many pollutants into the atmosphere. Therefore, new ways to produce high volumes of cement clinker with less energy and less impact on the environment is greatly needed. One such approach is the production of tribo-chemically activated, high-volume mineral additive (HVMA) cement, which helps to improve the ecological compatibility of cements. This “green” technology is based on the intergrinding of portland cement clinker, gypsum, mineral additives, and a special complex admixture. Tribo-chemical activation increases the compressive strength of ordinary portland cements, improves the durability of cement-based materials, can be processed with a high volume of inexpensive indigenous mineral additives or industrial by-products, and which reduces energy consumption per unit of the cement produced. Additional ecological advantages for green HVMA cements include higher strength, better durability, less pollution at the clinker production stage, and fewer industrial by-products placed in landfills.
Structural Studies of the Functional Complexes of the 50S and 70S Ribosome, a Major Antibiotic Target

Our crystal structure of the Haloarcula marismortui (H.ma.) 50S ribosomal subunit and its complexes with substrates and antibiotics have illuminated the mechanism of peptide bond formation and its inhibition by antibiotics. Our structures of the Thermus thermophilus (T.th.) 70S ribosome complexed with tRNAs, protein factor EF-P or antibiotics have also provided insights into their mechanisms of action. We conclude that the CCA ends of the A- and P-site tRNAs bind to the 70S ribosome as the CCA fragments bind to the 50S subunit; macrolide antibiotics bind to the T.th. 70S ribosome as they bind to the H.ma. 50S subunit; EF-P binds to the 70S ribosome adjacent to and interacting with a P-site tRNA, and cryoEM maps of a 70S ribosome bound to a peptidyl-tRNA containing an arresting sequence shows an extended polypeptide interacting with the tunnel wall.
Gendered Companies, Gendered Security

Using archival, interview, and industry observation data, this chapter examines how the private military and security company (PMSC) industry uses gender as a claim to legitimacy. However, our findings suggest that this growing industry still has areas for improvement before being a positive force for gender mainstreaming. As this industry grew, so did concerns about its handling of gender issues. A series of high-profile scandals has contrasted with international efforts to both protect and involve women in peacekeeping operations. The industry developed its own regulatory organizations and put a number of checks in place to bring PMSC firms into compliance with international norms. These include involving women in peace processes and ensuring gender equality in military and security work. However, the lack of attention to gender in industry guidelines and organizations demonstrates the ongoing gap between aspirations and achievement. As international norms move toward gender mainstreaming, so does the pressure to demonstrate that they can effectively reflect those expectations. While high-level changes have occurred, it is less clear how much substantive and measurable change has occurred within the industry.
Are the effects of parental control/support and peer delinquency on future offending cumulative or interactive? A multiple group analysis of 10 longitudinal studies

Abstract Purpose This study assessed whether the combined effect of parental control/support and peer delinquency on future participant offending was cumulative, interactive, or redundant. Methods A review of database studies available through the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) website identified 10 longitudinal studies with prospective self-report data on parental control/support, peer delinquency or deviance, and future offending in participants 18 years of age and younger. Results A multiple group analysis revealed that while there was mild to moderate evidence of measurement invariance or consistency of results across gender and race, there was no evidence of consistency of substantive relationships across the 10 studies. A review of findings from each individual study revealed that while the parent and peer main effects were each significant in 9 out of the 10 studies, the parent x peer interaction was significant in only 1 out of 10 studies. Conclusions The fact that the parent and peer main effects achieved combined significance in 8 out of 10 studies, while their interaction achieved significance in only one study, suggests that the relationship between parenting and peers is more cumulative than interactive. These results have important implications for theory, research, and practice.
The sense/cognition distinction

Many contemporary philosophers have been concerned about whether there is a fundamental distinction between perception and cognition. Although I do not think there is a fundamental distinction betw...
A little bit of knowledge: Facebook’s News Feed and self-perceptions of knowledge:

Given that approximately half of Internet users use Facebook to access news, it is no surprise that social media are increasingly seen as a viable source of political information. Despite the fact ...
Case 10: Chronic Thrombus and Metastatic Cancer—An Unexpected CTEPH Mimic

A case of apparent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension that surprisingly exhibited metastatic squamous cell carcinoma embedded in the organized thrombus endarterectomized from the proximal pulmonary vessels.
Immuno-PET imaging of activation markers on antigen-specific CD4 T cells in a mouse model of melanoma

609 Objectives: The adoptive transfer of tumor-targeting T cells offers a promising approach to treating tumors; however, clinical success has been limited. Activation and proliferation are key events after contact is made between the T cells and the tumor antigen. OX40 and GITR are co-stimulatory molecules, whose signaling is important for differential immune responses mediated by CD4 or CD8 T cells. In our preliminary testing, surface expression of OX40 and GITR on tumor antigen-specific T cells increased markedly following co-culture with tumor cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether immune-PET imaging of OX40 and GITR enables non-invasive in vivo monitoring of functionally active T cells and, thus, whether it may assist in predicting therapeutic response in real time at an early stage. Methods: We conjugated antibodies targeting OX40 and GITR via their lysine amino acids to 89Zr-DFO using isothiocyanate-bearing derivative of DFO. We utilized our established Rag1-/- mouse model lacking mature B and T cells engrafted with B16 melanoma, and injected melanoma-specific CD4-Trp1 T cells via the tail vein. Melanoma mice not receiving CD4-Trp1 T cells served as control groups. The mice underwent serial PET imaging following intravenous administration of 89Zr-DFO-OX40, -GITR and -IgG (isotype). We quantified the tracer uptake on PET and performed autoradiography and immunohistochemistry on the harvested tumor tissues. Results: 89Zr-DFO-conjugated antibodies specifically targeted their ligands OX40 and GITR in vivo as detected by immuno-PET and enabled non-invasive serial monitoring of the T cell surface activation markers at the tumor site. Tumor/T cell-to-normal organ ratios were favorable, resulting in high image contrast (Fig. 1, Table 1). Ex vivo autoradiography confirmed the specific binding of the radiolabeled antibodies. In contrast, uptake of 89Zr-DFO-OX40 and -GITR at the tumor site in control mice not injected with CD4-Trp1 T cells was minimal. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that OX40 and GITR are up-regulated on CD4-Trp1 T cells at the tumor site, enabling specific binding of corresponding 89Zr-DFO-labelled antibodies in vivo. This approach is now being further developed to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of marker expression over time and to investigate the association between OX40 and GITR expression at the tumor site and treatment efficacy. Monitoring the activation state of the T cells may also predict therapy success, individualize immunosuppressive therapy regimen, and, ultimately, optimize the design of new clinical trials.
A case of concurrent systemic sclerosis and scleredema

Scleroderma and scleroderma mimics belong to a heterogenous group of sclerosing skin diseases that share the clinical features of skin hardening and thickening with or without adherence to underlying fascia.1 These diseases are distinguished by the activation of dermal fibroblasts (or mesenchymal cells) with subsequent distortions in the quantity and organization of the extracellular matrix. Although the triggering events are various, they typically stimulate an immune response, resulting in cytokine release and mesenchymal cell/fibroblast recruitment and activation. Variations in cell recruitment and differentiation account for the separate histologic and clinical manifestations. Although sclerosing skin diseases share common features, multiple such disorders are rarely found together in the same patient. We describe a case of concurrent systemic sclerosis (SSc) and scleredema (scleredema adultorum of Buschke [SAB]).
A three-dimensional phase-field model for multiscale modeling of thrombus biomechanics in blood vessels

Mechanical interactions between flowing and coagulated blood (thrombus) are crucial in dictating the deformation and remodeling of a thrombus after its formation in hemostasis. We propose a fully-Eulerian, three-dimensional, phase-field model of thrombus that is calibrated with existing in vitro experimental data. This phase-field model considers spatial variations in permeability and material properties within a single unified mathematical framework derived from an energy perspective, thereby allowing us to study effects of thrombus microstructure and properties on its deformation and possible release of emboli under different hemodynamic conditions. Moreover, we combine this proposed thrombus model with a particle-based model which simulates the initiation of the thrombus. The volume fraction of a thrombus obtained from the particle simulation is mapped to an input variable in the proposed phase-field thrombus model. The present work is thus the first computational study to integrate the initiation of a thrombus through platelet aggregation with its subsequent viscoelastic responses to various shear flows. This framework can be informed by clinical data and potentially be used to predict the risk of diverse thromboembolic events under physiological and pathological conditions.
Nanotechnology-based approaches for food sensing and packaging applications

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has provided opportunities for the development of new sensing and food packaging solutions, addressing long-standing challenges in the food sector to extend shelf-life, reduce waste, assess safety and improve the quality of food. Nanomaterials can be used to reinforce mechanical strength, enhance gas barrier properties, increase water repellence, and provide antimicrobial and scavenging activity to food packaging. They can be incorporated in chemical and biological sensors enabling the design of rapid and sensitive devices to assess freshness, and detect allergens, toxins or pathogenic contaminants. This review summarizes recent studies on the use of nanomaterials in the development of: (1) (bio)sensing technologies for detection of nutritional and non-nutritional components, antioxidants, adulterants and toxicants, (2) methods to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of food packaging, and (3) active functional packaging. The environmental, health and safety implications of nanomaterials in the food sector, along with an overview of regulation and consumer perception is also provided.
Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Predict Burnout in Geriatric Nursing Staff.

Burnout contributes to high turnover rates, medical errors, and poor patient satisfaction in geriatric nursing staff. Nurses’ cognitive emotion regulation (ER) strategies are emerging as an importa...
Chronic CNS-mediated cardiometabolic actions of leptin: potential role of sex differences

Previous studies using male rodents showed the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin acts in the brain to regulate cardiovascular function, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. The importance of sex...
Quark mass matrices in the A(4) model

If the standard model of quark interactions is supplemented by a discrete A4 symmetry (which may be relevant for the lepton sector), the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry allows arbitrary quark masses, but all mixing angles are predicted to be zero. A pattern of the explicit breaking of A4 is proposed, which results in a realistic charged-current mixing matrix.
Multilayered Criminal (F)laws

This is a brief response to Brenner Fissell, Local Offenses, 89 Fordham L. Rev. 838 (2020), offering three observations about Fissell’s thoughtful and insightful project. First, while Fissell is entirely correct that modern codes represent a vast improvement both over what preceded them at the state level and over what apparently continues to persist at the local level, such codes are far from perfect and in various ways fall short of the consistent requirement of culpability toward wrongdoing that Fissell rightly prizes. Second, I call attention to a shortcoming of local codes distinct from, though not inconsistent with, Fissell’s critique about their tendency to impose strict liability. Third, I briefly note that the interaction between the various “layers” of criminalization—federal, state, and local—introduces additional concerns beyond those they generate in isolation from each other.
Associations of infant appetitive traits during milk feeding stage with age at introduction to solids and sweet food/beverage intake.

Abstract Background Suboptimal feeding behaviors during infancy, such as introducing solids prior to 4 months and providing foods containing added sugars, are associated with increased risk of later obesity. Although focus group studies suggest that infant appetitive traits during milk feeding stage may influence complementary feeding practices, quantitative evidence on this relationship is lacking. Methods This study included women who were followed from first trimester to 1-year postpartum. At 6-months postpartum, mothers (n = 217) completed the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire which assesses infant appetitive traits during exclusive milk-feeding (food responsiveness, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, enjoyment of food and general appetite). Mothers reported infant dietary intake via a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered at 6, 9 and 12 months, from which age at introduction to solids and sweet foods/beverages, and 6- and 12-month sweet food/beverage intake frequency, were calculated. Linear regression analyses examined the relationship of appetitive traits with age at introduction to solids and sweet foods/beverages, and frequency of sweet food/beverage intake, whereas logistic regression examined associations of appetitive traits with odds of introduction to solids prior to 4 months. Results Greater infant enjoyment of food was associated (B±SE = 0.45 ± 0.18, p = 0.01) with higher age at introduction to solids. Slowness in eating was inversely associated with 12-month sweet food/beverage intake frequency (B±SE = −0.25 ± 0.10, p = 0.01). Other associations of appetitive traits with age at introduction to solids and sweet food/beverage exposure were not statistically significant. Conclusions Findings imply that lower infant enjoyment of food and greater speed of eating during the period of exclusive milk-feeding could be associated with suboptimal complementary feeding practices. Understanding how parents respond to infant appetitive traits may be important considerations in efforts to promote appropriate complementary feeding practices during infancy.
VDB-Mapping: A High Resolution and Real-Time Capable 3D Mapping Framework for Versatile Mobile Robots

Recent developments of versatile mobile robots demand a precise and complete volumetric representation of space for path and mission planning. However, the immense amount of accumulated raw data points from 3D sensors quickly becomes unmanageable, thereby becoming infeasible regarding memory footprint and navigation itself. To abstract the necessary information into a usable representation for navigation, usually volumetric grid maps are applied. Although these approaches solve the memory and handling issues, current implementations tend to require high computational time for the insertion of new data. As a result the generated maps are often not up to date and incomplete due to dropped sensor data. This greatly impairs their usefulness for navigating robot systems in dynamically changing environments. In order to solve these issues we propose a novel probabilistic mapping framework based on OpenVDB, which is a hierarchical tree structure with efficient access methods to discretized volumetric data. By utilizing the fast direct access to the bitmasks of the underlying OpenVDB data structure, a significant performance boost for data insertion is achieved. Thus, enabling real-time processing of the incoming raw 3D sensor data. An in-depth evaluation of the proposed framework is provided, including a performance and memory footprint comparison against the often employed OctoMap framework. The evaluation reveals, that the presented VDB-Mapping is able to efficiently process long range data on high resolution grids.
Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe

What explains the cross-national variation in the radical right's electoral success over the last several decades? Challenging existing structural and institutional accounts, this book analyzes the dynamics of party building and explores the attitudes, skills and experiences of radical right activists in eleven different countries. Based on extensive field research and an original data set of radical right candidates for office, David Art links the quality of radical right activists to broader patterns of success and failure. He demonstrates how a combination of historical legacies and incentive structures produced activists who helped party building in some cases and doomed it in others. In an age of rising electoral volatility and the fading of traditional political cleavages, Inside the Radical Right makes a strong case for the importance of party leaders and activists as masters of their own fate.
Kinetics of oxide film growth on metal crystals—I. Formulation and numerical solutions

Abstract A system of coupled diffusion equations can describe oxide film growth. Ideal treatment of surface processes leads to linear-type growth for surface controlled rate, and provides boundary values for the coupled equations for diffusion controlled rate. A comparison of the space charge relaxation time with the monolayer formation time, as well as direct numerical computation, justifies steady-state equations for 100 A films with defect concentrations less than 1 per cent of the lattice sites. Fourier analysis of the fixed boundary problem provides an iterative solution for Stefan's problem. Numerical solutions for time-dependent interfacial charge densities show a parabolic-type growth for charged particles with an enhanced rate constant ξ k , where k is the parabolic rate constant for the diffusion of uncharged particles. The enhancement factor ξ is determined by an electrical potential difference Đindependent of L ( t ) developed across the film. The parameters ξ and Đ depend on relative values of the products of concentration C and mobility μ, increasing with increasing μ C for the electronic species and decreasing with increasing μ C for the ionic species. Typical values of Đ and ξ are 0·3 V and 3. For equal values of μ C , Đ is nearly zero and ξ is approximately one in the small space chargelimit. Non-negligible space charge relative to interfacial charge density decreases ξ. In certain cases, Đ and ξ depend on L ( t ), so departures from parabolic growth occur, especially in the transient stages of growth. Numerical solutions for constant external or surface charge fields yield N th root and logarithmic growth laws. Space charge can aid or hinder growth ; this is determined by the contribution of the space charge field to transport and the change in ion distribution for this field. Experimental data for growth of Cu 2 O on Cu crystals at 50 and 130°C were fit assuming small space charge.
Kinematic and kinetic parameters as information feedback in the acquisition of man-machine skills

The case is advanced for the presentation of kinematic and kinetic parameters directly related to the response dynamics of the limb(s) engaged in action as a form of information feedback in motor skill acquisition. Although this form of terminal information feedback is probably more potent in actions requiring the constraint of multiple biomechanical degrees of freedom, it is shown that kinematic and kinetic parameters also have an impact on the initial acquisition and subsequent refinement of simple motor skills. The relevance of this approach for skill training in the human factors domain is adumbrated. Language: en
Investigation of the molecular mechanism of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion

iv CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 SNARE PROTEINS AND MEMBRANE FUSION 1 1.2 THE SNARE HYPOTHESIS: THE MINIMAL FUSION MACHINERY 2 1.3 THE SNARE ASSEMBLY PATHWAY AND THE ZIPPERING MODEL 3 1.4 MODELS FOR MEMBRANE FUSION 4 1.5 THE SNARE-INTERACTING PROTEINS 5 1.5.1 Clostridial neurotoxins 5 1.5.2 Synaptotagmin 6 1.5.3 Complexin 7 1.6 STUDY METHODS 8 1.6.1 SDSL and EPR 8 1.6.2 Ensemble lipid mixing assay 9 1.6.3 Single-vesicle fusion assay 9 1.7 REFERENCES 10 1.8 FIGURES AND CAPTIONS 17 CHAPTER 2: ACCESSORY α-HELIX OF COMPLEXIN I CAN DISPLACE VAMP2 LOCALLY IN THE COMPLEXIN-SNARE QUATERNARY COMPLEX 31 2.1 ABSTRACT 31 2.2 INTRODUCTION 32 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 33 2.4 RESULTS 35 2.5 DISCUSSION 39 2.6 REFERENCES 41 2.7 FIGURES AND CAPTIONS 46 2.8 SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 50
Pharmacokinetic modeling of therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus

With the increasing use of different types of therapies in treating autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there is a need to utilize pharmacokinetic (PK) strategies to optimize the clinical outcome of these treatments. Various PK analysis approaches, including population PK modeling and physiologically based PK modeling, have been used to evaluate drug PK characteristics and population variability or to predict drug PK profiles in a mechanistic manner. This review outlines the PK modeling of major SLE therapies including immunosuppressants (methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate and cyclophosphamide, among others) and immunomodulators (intravenous immunoglobulin). It summarizes the population PK modeling, physiologically based PK modeling and model-based individualized dosing strategies to improve the therapeutic outcomes in SLE patients.
Functional domains present in the mycobacterial hemagglutinin, HBHA

Identification and characterization of mycobacterial adhesins and complementary host receptors required for colonization and dissemination of mycobacteria in host tissues are needed for a more complete understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases caused by these bacteria and for the development of effective vaccines. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a 28-kDa heparin-binding mycobacterial surface protein, HBHA, can agglutinate erythrocytes and promote mycobacterial aggregation in vitro. In this study, further molecular and biochemical analysis of HBHA demonstrates that it has three functional domains: a transmembrane domain of 18 amino acids residing near the N terminus, a large domain of 81 amino acids consistent with an α-helical coiled-coil region, and a Lys-Pro-Ala-rich C-terminal domain that mediates binding to proteoglycans. Using His-tagged recombinant HBHA proteins and nickel chromatography we demonstrate that HBHA polypeptides which contain the coiled-coil region form multimers. This tendency to oligomerize may be responsible for the induction of mycobacterial aggregation since a truncated N-terminal HBHA fragment containing the coiled-coil domain promotes mycobacterial aggregation. Conversely, a truncated C-terminal HBHA fragment which contains Lys-Pro-Ala-rich repeats binds to the proteoglycan decorin. These results indicate that HBHA contains at least three distinct domains which facilitate intercalation into surface membranes, promote bacterium-bacterium interactions, and mediate the attachment to sulfated glycoconjugates found in host tissues.
An Evaluation Of Local Similarity At The Top Of The Mixed Layer Based On Large-Eddy Simulations

Local similarity, referred to as type II similarity,in the interfacial, stably-stratified layer at thetop of the atmospheric (or oceanic) mixed layer isdiscussed. Type II scales for scalars are based onthe local values of scalar gradients. Similaritypredictions are derived from the second-orderclosure model of Yamada and Mellor, and also fromsimilarity arguments. The obtainedformulation is verified for active and passive scalarsbased on the large-eddy simulation model.
Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign – By Peter Cozzens

Undertaken during the spring of 1862, at a time when the Confederacy's armies appeared incapable of stemming the Union's military advances, “Stonewall” Jackson's Valley Campaign served two vital pu...
Performance Comparison of Two Channel Allocation Approaches: Channel Pre-allocation vs. Non-pre-allocation

In cellular networks, wireless channels are a scarce resource and therefore must be used efficiently. Allocation of channels to individual cells can be done either by a centralized method or a distributed method. Under both approaches, available channels can be either pre-allocated to cells initially or can be allocated to them whenever the need for additional channels arises. We observe that if channels are not pre-allocated to cells, the channel reuse pattern may not be compact, and therefore may result in inefficient use of the available channels. However, the effect of channel pre-allocation on the performance of channel allocation protocol has not been studied in depth. In this paper, we study this effect quantitatively. In order to do this, we propose an adaptive channel allocation protocol, which allows a subset of available channels to be pre-allocated to cells, while the rest are being kept in the open pool. Results from our performance evaluation indicate that a channel allocation protocol that pre-allocates all channels to cells achieves a low call failure rate, a low call blocking rate, and a low handoff drop rate.
Mobility-driven cultural transmission along the forager-collector continuum

Abstract Hunter–gatherers mobility regimes are often treated as discrete adaptive strategies. Here we present a model of forager mobility which treats collectors and foragers as two ends of a continuous spectrum. We show that a mobility regime can be situated along this spectrum by specifying the number of foraging moves a group makes before returning to its home base. The model allows us to explore the behavioural space between forager (i.e. residential mobility) and collector (logistical mobility) adaptations. We discuss the heuristic value of the model by showing how it can be used to make testable predictions about the impact of mobility strategies on archaeological measures such as occupation intensity and raw-material transportation distance. We then use the model to investigate the impact of mobility on rates of cultural transmission. We show that mobility-driven cultural transmission may be equivalent to a Poisson process and that the time it takes for a cultural behaviour to be transmitted between two mobile groups is optimized when the mobility regime is somewhere between pure forager and pure collectors adaptations. In addition, we find that rates of cultural transmission decline in a very regular way, as the inverse of the square root of the number of moves made before returning to home base. This suggests that there is a mechanistic connection between the mean-squared displacement of hunter–gatherers in space and the transmission of cultural traits.
Control of a continuous bioreactor using model predictive control

Bioreactor control has become very important in recent years due to the difficulty in controlling the highly non-linear behaviour associated with such systems. Model predictive control (MPC) was used to control a non-linear continuous stirred tank bioreactor to an unstable steady state, which was the desired set point. The effect of varying predictor horizon, an important MPC controller tuning parameter, was studied. As the predictor horizon increased, the trajectory moved away from steady state towards a period attractor. The relationship between the changing manipulated input and the system behaviour for different initial conditions as a result of the non-linearities associated with the bioreactor dynamics was also analyzed. The results indicated that the controlled bioreactor can exhibit non-intuitive non-linear behaviour and even a well-designed control scheme may result in very poor performance.
Activating Transcription Factor-2 Regulates Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Transcription through a Stress-inducible Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Several protein-nucleic acid complexes are observed when nuclear extracts from hepatoma cells are assayed for binding to the cAMP response element found in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-cytosolic (PEPCK-C) promoter. Although cAMP response element-binding protein and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins alpha and beta have been identified as liver factors that bind this motif, an uncharacterized, slower migrating complex was also observed. We identify activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) as the factor in this complex and show that ATF-2 stimulates expression from the PEPCK-C promoter. ATF-2 is a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor and a target for stress-activated protein kinases. We demonstrate that p38beta mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase augments ATF-2 transactivation activity on the PEPCK-C promoter, which is consistent with the interpretation that PEPCK-C promoter activity is maintained under stress through a p38 MAP kinase dependent pathway. In this regard, we show that treatment with sodium arsenite, a known activator of p38 MAP kinases, also stimulates expression from the PEPCK promoter. These results show that ATF-2 can stimulate transcription of the PEPCK-C promoter and support a role for stress inducible kinases in the maintenance of PEPCK-C expression.
Characteristics of Abused and Nonabused Adolescent Sexual Offenders

The current study was designed to provide further information on characteristics of adolescent sexual offenders who have and have not experienced abuse. The subjects were approximately 300 adolescent offenders seen in a clinical treatment program. Abused and nonabused adolescent offenders were compared on a number of offense-specific variables and standardized instruments including the MMPI, Interpersonal Behavior Survey, Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, and Self-Reported Delinquent Behavior Checklist. Results indicated that those offenders who were sexually abused had an earlier onset of their offending, had more victims, were likely to abuse both males and females, and tended to show more psychopathology and interpersonal problems, although no differences were found in terms of self-reported delinquent behavior of family functioning. The data are discussed in terms of their possible etiological significance and clinical implications.
Extended abstract: What makes teamwork work? Development of an observation protocol rubric for evaluating teamwork

The ability to work effectively in teams is an essential skill for engineering professionals. Engineering educators recognize the importance of the skill, but they remain challenged to find effective methods to assess students' teamwork skill in the authentic environment of an actual team meeting. Building on observation protocols created in fields outside of engineering, we have developed a method for observing students as they work in teams. Using recordings of student and faculty teams, evaluators assess teamwork against nine criteria: participation, task identification, follow-up, collective decision making, support, adaptability, roll assignment/fulfillment goal development, and conflict management. During our presentation at IPCC 2014, we will introduce attendees to the Teamwork Observation Protocol and give them a chance to evaluate sample student and faculty team meeting recordings.
Body Dissatisfaction, Eating Restraint, and Obligatory Exercise in College Males

Abstract Body shape, dieting, and the desire for thinness are concerns for an increasing number of men and women on college campuses. There is evidence that eating disordered behaviors occur more often than diagnosable eating disorders and gender differences exist in those behaviors. A telephone survey of 311 male students was conducted to determine self-reported height & weight, body self image, body satisfaction, restrained eating, and obligatory exercise. Body self image agreed with body size for 57.2% of the subjects; 4.8% inaccurately perceived themselves as underweight, and 31.8% incorrectly perceived themselves as overweight. Mean body satisfaction scores did not differ from published norms (p=.817). Mean eating restraint score was lower than published norms (p=.00), yet 26.7% were judged restrained eaters. Eighty-five men (27.3%) met the criteria for obligatory exercisers. Body satisfaction was a positive predictor of obligatory exercise (R=.19, p=.00) but did not predict eating restraint (R=.07, p=.24). Restrained eating was predictive of obligatory exercise (R=.298, p=.00). Eating restraint and obligatory exercise are common among the college age men in this population. Low body self-image was not predictive of either behavior; in fact, high scores on body satisfaction were predictive of obligatory exercise. This population may restrain eating and exercise to maintain a healthy body self image.
The β → α phase transformation in plutonium

Abstract The β → α transformation in plutonium is discussed in terms of the crystallography of the two phases and the resulting topological modeling of the β/α interface. There has been little microscopy work on the transformation, but it is probably martensitic. β-Pu is monoclinic I 2/ m , while α-Pu is monoclinic P 2 1 / m . α-Pu has been described as a hexagonal close-packed pseudostructure with AB stacking of the (0 2 0) α planes with pseudo-close-packing along [1 0 0] α and two other directions. β-Pu is less obvious, but X-ray diffraction suggests that the (1 0 3) β planes, which are selected as the terrace plane, have the highest structure factor and are therefore among the closest-packed planes. Other pseudo-close-packed planes, such as { 2 2 2 ¯ } β and { 3 2 1 ¯ } β , could also act as terrace planes for the transformation. The (1 0 3) β planes have a pseudo-hexagonal grid of Pu atoms with AB stacking and pseudo-close-packing along [ 3 0 1 ¯ ] β and two other directions. A selection of terrace planes as (0 2 0) α //(1 0 3) β with disconnections along [ 1 0 0 ] α / / [ 3 0 1 ¯ ] β provides the basis for topological modeling. The model predicts a habit plane that is ∼6° from the terrace plane. The extra Pu atoms in the β structure (17 for every 16 in α) are accommodated by having 16 (1 0 3) β planes transform into 17 (0 2 0) α planes at steps in the interface. Short-range interstitial diffusion of Pu atoms from β to α is required for the transformation to proceed. Possible lattice invariant deformation systems are discussed.
Early and late results of combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass versus isolated coronary artery bypass

OBJECTIVE Optimal management of patients with combined coronary and carotid artery disease remains controversial. This study analyzed the outcomes between simultaneous carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) vs. isolated CABG. METHODS We reviewed the early and late follow-up data of 412 patients who underwent either combined CEA/CABG vs. CABG alone between August 1999 and October 2003. All patients undergoing CEA had at least 80% stenosis of one carotid artery. Data were obtained for pre-, intra-, and early postoperative variables. Late follow-up data (range 1.1 to 69.5 months postoperative, mean 42.4 months, median 42.7 months) included myocardial infarctions (MI), stroke and death. Differences between the two groups were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out to identify predictors of death, MI, and stroke in the entire group. RESULTS There were 27 patients (6.6%) in the CEA/CABG group and 385 patients in the CABG alone group. There was one patient (3.7%) in the CEA/CABG group who had a perioperative stroke versus six (1.6%) in the CABG group (P=0.38). There were no documented postoperative myocardial infarctions (MI) by EKG and CK-MB criteria in both groups. There were no deaths in the CEA/CABG group versus three in the CABG group (P=1.00). Within the follow-up period, strokes developed in 2 (7.4%) CEA/CABG patients and in 7 (2.3%) CABG patients (P=0.16). Three CEA/CABG patients (11.1%) developed MI versus 19 (6.1%) patients in the CABG group (P=0.40). There were 4 (14.8%) deaths in the CEA/CABG group versus 51 (13.4%) in the CABG group (P=0.77). Freedom from death, stroke, and myocardial infarction was not statistically different between the groups at 60 months (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of CEA to CABG did not increase short- and long-term morbidity and mortality compared to isolated CABG in our group of patients. Combined CEA/CABG can be performed safely in this high-risk group of patients. Prospective randomized study is needed to further substantiate these findings.
Natural convection in a vertical annulus containing water near the density maximum

Steady natural convection of water near the density extremum in a vertical annulus is studied numerically. Results for flow in annuli with aspect ratio 1 {le} A {le} 8 and varying degrees of curvature are given for 10{sup 3} {le} Ra {le} 10{sup 5}. It is shown that both the density distribution parameter R and the annulus curvature K have a strong effect on the steady flow structure and heat transfer in the annulus. A closed-form solution for the vertical flow in a very tall annulus is compared with numerical results for finite-aspect-ratio annuli.
Inventory Control and Trade Credit Revisited

This paper presents the discounted cash-flows (DCF) approach for the analysis of the optimal inventory policy in the presence of the trade credit. The DCF approach permits a proper recognition of the financial implication of the opportunity cost and out-of-pocket costs in inventory analysis. This approach also permits an explicit recognition of the exact timing of cash flows associated with an inventory system. As a result, the effect of the delayed payment is appropriately reflected in determining the optimal order size.
Effects of crude oil on swimming behavior and survival in the rice rat.

Abstract Oil slicks in laboratory test chambers inhibited swimming behavior of rice rats, and reduced survival at low temperature. Predisposition to enter the water and swim was greatly reduced at both high (200 ml/m2 water surface) and low (20 ml/m2) concentrations of oil. Survival was significantly affected only at high concentrations. The results may be of value in predicting the impact of oil spills on the mammal community of coastal marshes.
Chronology of peroxidase activity in the developing rat parotid gland

The course of development of salivary peroxidase, an enzyme that has an important role in oral defense mechanisms, has been well documented in rat submandibular glands. However, the only report on salivary peroxidase activity in the other major salivary glands of the rat has been a cytochemical study of the adult parotid gland. In the present investigation, the accumulation of salivary peroxidase activity in developing parotid glands of rats was followed both biochemically and cytochemically. Specific activity (units per mg protein) attributable to salivary peroxidase began at 1 day after birth, then rose rapidly but unevenly, with peaks at 21 and 70 days, and no difference between the sexes at any age. Activity per gland increased progressively to 42 days in both sexes and was significantly higher in males at 70 days. The cytochemical observations on peroxidase activity localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules of the developing acini were well correlated with the biochemical findings. Peroxidase-negative cells occurred in immature acini at 1 and 7 days, but only in the intercalated ducts thereafter. This observation suggests that the acini are a source of some of the ductal cells, at least during early postnatal development. The developmental pattern of specific activity differed from those of other rat parotid secretory enzymes, indicating that control of their synthesis during development is noncoordinate. The patterns of specific activity of the parotid and submandibular glands were complementary, suggesting that their combined secretions may supply biologically significant peroxidase activity to the oral cavities of rats throughout postnatal development. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dietary Phosphorus Levels during Growth of Brown Egg Type Replacement Pullets

Abstract Caged Sex-Sal (DeKalb Warren) replacement pullets were fed diets containing .30%, .35%, or .41% available phosphorus from 0 to 20 weeks of age; in a second study pullets were fed the above levels plus a level of .25% available phosphorus from 2 to 20 weeks of age. Some of the pullets were fed diets restricted by 11 to 16% from 8 weeks of age. Reducing the dietary phosphorus did not harm weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, bone ash or total calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels in plasma. There was a very small but significant reduction in weight gain and feed intake when .30% or .35% available phosphorus was fed from 0 to 4 weeks of age, but this difference disappeared at the later ages. With the nonstimulatory lighting schedule used, plasma phosphorus decreased markedly in the latter phase of the studies at all levels of dietary phosphorus and thus represented a nondietary age effect. These results show that dietary available phosphorus for caged, brown egg type pullets on full or restricted feeding programs can be decreased to a level as low as .25% from 2 to 20 weeks, and .30% from hatching to 20 weeks without adverse effect.