cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insertion of an intermediate repetitive sequence into a sea urchin histone-gene spacer.

A common polymorphism of the early embryonic histone-gene repeat ofStrongylocentrotus purpuratus is a 195-bp insertion within the H4-H2B spacer. The sequence, found as an insert in histone-gene repeats of 6 of 22 individuals screened, is also found at approximately 50 sites elsewhere in the genome of every individual. We compare the sequences of the histone-gene spacers that do and do not contain the insert. The insert is found not to have transposon-like features, and no sequence in the original spacer has been duplicated to flank the insert. There is, however, a hexanucleotide sequence that is repeated three times at one end of the insert, and the element has inserted between direct repeats of 5 bp that were present in the original spacer. One of the copies found outside the histone gene cluster was cloned and sequenced and is compared with the insert. Again, no transposon-like features are evident. Regions flanking the homologous sequence in this clone were used as hybridization probes in whole-genome blots. Results indicate that the 195-bp sequence insert is itself embedded within a larger element that is repeated within the genome. Therefore, only a portion of a larger repetitive sequence has integrated into the histone-gene spacer. The sequence features of the insert, although not typical of mobile elements, may be representative of other illegitimate recombination events.
Histamine in Human Epidermal Cells is Induced by Ultraviolet Light Injury

Human epidermal cell cultures were examined to determine whether they were capable of histamine release. Results of these studies indicated that keratinocytes contain and release significant amounts of histamine. In the skin of some individuals, histamine content was induced after ultraviolet B light injury, and 40% of subjects demonstrated high basal histamine levels. Mass spectrometric analysis of cell supernatants showed that the histamine was released into the extracellular environment. Such release may contribute to common itching or intensify the inflammatory response in vivo.
Tumor cell characterization in mycosis fungoides.

Five patients with tumor stage mycosis fungoides had tumor lesions excised and examined by light and electron microscopy. The tumor cells were also isolated and the percentages of E rosettes (T cells) and EAC rosettes (B cells) were determined and the rosettes examined by electron microscopy. The predominant cell type isolated from four of the five tumors was a T cell. Peripheral lymphocyte function measured by LTT to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen was normal. Serum immunoglobulins gave variable results. The results support the concept that mycosis fungoides is primarily a T cell tumor involving the skin and morphologically similar to the Sezary cell.
Oleate stimulates the formation of triglyceride-rich particles containing APOB100-APO(a) in long-term primary cultures of human hepatocytes

Hepatocytes prepared from normal human liver donors were maintained in a synthetic, nutritionally defined, serum-free medium for up to 60 days with continuous secretion of the major plasma lipoproteins. By Western blot analysis, both cell lysates and culture media contained apo(a), both unbound and bound to apo B100, in varying proportions, dependent on the liver donor. In the medium of cells pulse-labeled for 16 h with [35S]methionine the apo(a)-apoB100 complex was predominantly found in the d 1.21 g/ml sedimenting fraction, suggesting that the newly secreted apoB100-apo(a)-containing TRP had undergone remodeling. The results indicate that primary human hepatocyte cultures produce both apo(a) and apoB100-apo(a) and that the latter affiliates preferentially with TRP, forming a lipoprotein complex that is affected by endogenous triglyceride synthesis, and can be metabolically modified in the culture medium of human primary hepatocytes.
Regulatory mutations that allow the growth of Escherichia coli on butanol as carbon source.

Starting withadhC mutants ofEscherichia coli in which alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde CoA dehydrogenase (ACDH) are expressed constitutively at high levels, we selected mutants with still higher levels of both enzymes. Selection for growth on ethanol in the presence of inhibitors of ADH gave several mutants that had from 2- to 10-fold increases in the levels of both enzymes. These mutations were found to map far from theadhC locus at around 90 min. SuchadhR mutants were unable to grow on acetate or ethanol in certain media unless supplemented with extramanganese. This growth disability was suppressed by secondary mutations, one of which,aceX, increased sensitivity to several toxic metals and may perhaps derepress Mn transport. When theadhR mutation expressing the highest ADH and ACDH levels was present together withfadR andatoC mutations (allowing efficient catabolism of acetoacetyl-CoA) and with anaceX mutation, the resulting strains became capable of usingn-butanol as sole carbon and energy source. The use of butanol byE. coli illustrates the artificial evolution of a new catabolic pathway, in this case by the selection of four successive regulatory mutations (fadR, adhC, atoC, andadhR) together with the poorly definedaceX mutation. Each stage in the acquisition of this nove pathway confers the ability to use a new growth substrate: decanoic acid (fadR), ethanol (adhC), butyric acid (atoC), and butanol (adhR, when present withaceX).
A widening perspective regarding the relationship between anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid and cancer

Anti-epiligrin cicatricial pemphigoid (AECP) is a chronic, autoimmune, subepidermal blistering disease characterized by circulating anti-basement membrane autoantibodies to laminin 5. Recent studies have shown that patients with this form of cicatricial pemphigoid have an increased relative risk for malignant solid tumors. The mechanism underlying this association of AECP and cancer is unknown, but there is accumulating evidence that laminin 5 plays a central role. In this article we report a patient with AECP and co-associated cutaneous T cell lymphoma and summarize all to date reported cases of AECP associated with malignancies. In addition we provide a review of the biology of laminin 5 and its potential role in cancer development.
Distribution of calcium-binding proteins within the parallel visual pathways of a primate (Galago crassicaudatus).

Bush babies possess three distinct parallel pathways to striate cortex (V1 or area 17). The calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB) typically show complementary regional distributions in the brain, often associated with specific aspects of functionally related groups of cells. We asked whether PV+ and CB+ immunoreactivity differentiate central visual parallel pathways in this species. Results show that PV and CB cell and neuropil staining is strongly complementary in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and is associated with separate parallel pathways. CB+ immunoreactivity is dense, but cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining is light in the paired koniocellular layers. PV+ and CO+ immunoreactivity is most dense in the parvocellular and magnocellular layers. Combined analyses of cell size, retrograde labeling, and double labeling have confirmed that all PV+ and CB+ LGN cells are geniculocortical relay cells; none was found to be σ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic. In V1, dense PV+ neuropil closely matches the expression of CO in layer 4 and in the blobs of layer 3. CB+ staining is most dense in layers 2 and 3A and is not strongly expressed within the CO interblobs. Finally, PV and CB are not found in related parallel pathway components in the LGN and V1 (e. g., in V1, CO blobs exhibit dense PV+ neuropil, yet they are targets of the small K geniculocortical relay cells that are CB+ in the LGN). Our findings support the view that three functionally distinct visual pathways project to V1 from the LGN. However, the differences in the patterns of localization of PV and CB in the LGN and in V1 suggest that these proteins may be utilized in different ways in these two visual areas. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Using pharmacological aids to improve waking function and sleep while working at night

Abstract Non-refreshing or insufficient sleep, and impaired alertness on the job, are two nearly universal consequences of night work. The effects of drugs upon the sleep and alertness of night workers has only recently been studied and much work remains to be done. To date, it is clear that sleep during the day can be improved with sedative-hypnotic compounds, particularly the benzodiazepines. Despite improvement in sleep, alertness at night is improved only mildly, if at all, with short-acting sleeping agents and can be further impaired with long-acting drugs. The limited research examining alertness and performance during night shift hours after administration of CNS stimulants suggests significant benefits. The judicious use of CNS stimulants in this way needs further exploration. Precise pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous sleep/wake rhythm is primarily theoretical at this time but should be pursued.
Planing to be Prepared: An Empirical Examination of the Role of Voluntary Organizations in County Government Emergency Planning

Recent governmental responses to domestic disasters have emphasized the important role played by a sometimes extensive network of decentralized, voluntary organizations in emergency response. Howev...
Simulation Approach to State Estimation of Complex Systems

Various uncertainties jeopardize predictability of complex systems arising in different application domains which stimulates the efforts to improve the accuracy of numerical forecast by integrating observations and simulations. This paper addresses a simulation driven approach to the design of feedback controlled observer for complex nonlinear systems where application of analytical techniques become cumbersome or impractical. The quality of state estimations of this approach is tested in applications to some time-dependent and stiff nonlinear systems under significant parameter and initial data uncertainty arising in atmospheric chemistry modeling. We demonstrate that this approach yields robust and rapid state estimation for these systems and simultaneously provides denoising if the corresponding measurements are corrupted by noise.
Self‐concepts and self‐presentations of males and females: Similarities and differences

Studies comparing males and females have not examined the relationship between self‐concept and self‐presentation. In this study, one hundred subjects described themselves using a checklist and then told a narrative that they frequently tell others; the narratives were content analyzed for self‐defining characteristics. The results reveal that males and females have similar self‐concepts, but present different, more gender‐typed selves in their narratives.
15N NMR spectra of carbolines

The 15 N NMR spectra of α-, β-, γ- and δ-carboline and a series of methyl, dihydro and tetrahydro derivatives are reported
Houston, we have a color issue!

Today's color imaging systems are powerful and complex entities that enable users to replicate lifelike colors. However when a color issue arises, it is very difficult to diagnose and solve. Therefore, it is beneficial to complement a color imaging system with sophisticated and user-friendly tools that help users to self-solve color issues. This paper discusses the assessment of a color printing workflow (CPW) for personal computers and the development of a web-based self-service customer support tool for color printing issues that may arise with electrophotographic color printers. We study the stages in the CPW where the colors of a document may change. From this evaluation, we find the system configuration that may have caused the change. This study provides the foundation for the development of our web-based tool, named the Color Printing Workflow Troubleshooting (CPWT) Tool. This comprehensive assessment of the CPW helps us to determine a troubleshooting strategy for our web-based tool. The set of color issues considered are those that arise when one attempts to reproduce a Pantone spot color.
Woman Entrepreneurship in Rural Vietnam: Success and Motivational Factors

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a number of variables on the perceptions of women entrepreneurs’ success and motivational factors. We partnered with PeaceTrees Vietnam, a Seattle-based NGO and the Women’s Union of Vietnam to conduct field work in Quang Tri province in central Vietnam. A survey was administered to 20 women entrepreneurs in 6 different communes. Of the 120 surveys administered, 109 usable surveys were received. We found that women owners of businesses in Quang Tri Province perceived success to be a result of their values and perceptions of entrepreneurship. Similarly, the women were motivated by both their perceptions of values and perceptions of entrepreneurship.
Earth's oblateness and its temporal variations

Abstract The oblateness is a fundamental property of the Earth under stable rotation. Different oblateness parameters can be defined, each having its physical significance. We retrace the main developments in concept as well as in measurement toward a qualitative understanding of the oblateness and particularly of J 2 , the so-called oblateness coefficient that ‘glues’ together distinct concepts of oblateness. We examine the numerical values and discuss the dynamical and geometrical consequences of the oblateness. Finally, we report the recent findings of the variations in J 2 , including an outstanding multi-year anomaly that occurred since 1998, leading to a discussion of possible cause(s) in terms of large-scale mass transports in the Earth's atmosphere–hydrosphere–cryosphere–solid Earth–core system. To cite this article: B.F. Chao, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).
Fluvastatin as a Micropore Lifetime Enhancer for Sustained Delivery Across Microneedle-Treated Skin

ABSTRACT Microneedles (MNs), a physical skin permeation enhancement technique, facilitate drug delivery across the skin, thus enhancing the number of drugs that can be delivered transdermally in therapeutically relevant concentrations. The micropores created in the skin by MNs reseal because of normal healing processes of the skin, thus limiting the duration of the drug delivery window. Pore lifetime enhancement strategies can increase the effectiveness of MNs as a drug delivery mechanism by prolonging the delivery window. Fluvastatin (FLU), a HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, was used in this study to enhance the pore lifetime by inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol, a major component of the stratum corneum lipids. The study showed that using FLU as a pretreatment it is possible to enhance the pore lifetime of MN-treated skin and thus allow for sustained drug delivery. The skin recovered within a 30–45-min time period following the removal of occlusion, and there was no significant irritation observed due to the treatment compared to the control sites. Thus, it can be concluded that localized skin treatment with FLU can be used to extend micropore lifetime and deliver drugs for up to 7 days across MN-treated skin.
Evaluation of real-time PCR and pyrosequencing for screening incubating blood culture bottles from adults with suspected bloodstream infection

Several molecular platforms can identify bacteria associated with bloodstream infections but require positive culture bottles as starting material. Here, we describe results of screening 1140 blood cultures at 8h postinoculation, from 918 eligible adults being evaluated for bloodstream infection. DNA was extracted and analyzed by 16S and/or 23S rRNA real-time PCR/pyrosequencing. Compared to culture, PCR/pyrosequencing displayed 90.9% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, 95.7% positive predictive value, and 99.1% negative predictive value. Overall concordance rate was 98.9% (1127/1140). In 4 cases with molecular-positive/culture-negative results, medical chart reviews provided evidence of identical bacteria from subsequent blood or concomitant urine/sputum cultures. Nine culture-positive/molecular-negative cases were associated with either polymicrobial growth, grew only in the anaerobic bottle of the clinical pair, and/or were detected by PCR/pyrosequencing after 8h. In summary, this approach accurately detected and identified bacteria in ~91% of culture-confirmed cases significantly sooner than the phenotypic identification was available, having the potential to improve antibiotic stewardship.
A grand canonical genetic algorithm for the prediction of multi-component phase diagrams and testing of empirical potentials

We present an evolutionary algorithm which predicts stable atomic structures and phase diagrams by searching the energy landscape of empirical and ab initio Hamiltonians. Composition and geometrical degrees of freedom may be varied simultaneously. We show that this method utilizes information from favorable local structure at one composition to predict that at others, achieving far greater efficiency of phase diagram prediction than a method which relies on sampling compositions individually. We detail this and a number of other efficiency-improving techniques implemented in the genetic algorithm for structure prediction code that is now publicly available. We test the efficiency of the software by searching the ternary Zr–Cu–Al system using an empirical embedded-atom model potential. In addition to testing the algorithm, we also evaluate the accuracy of the potential itself. We find that the potential stabilizes several correct ternary phases, while a few of the predicted ground states are unphysical. Our results suggest that genetic algorithm searches can be used to improve the methodology of empirical potential design.
Benefits and Costs of the Erie Canal: A New View

Ten New York canals are evaluated as an integrated transport investment covering 1817–1880. A newly estimated willingness-to-pay (WTP) of canal users augments toll revenues as a benefits stream, and all effects are rendered in real terms. Net present value is positive for a range of real discount rates from 4 to 10 percent. A Monte Carlo simulation of uncertain WTP and discount rates shows median real net present value of US$26 million, and a zero probability of negative values. Segal is shown to have grossly overstated benefits of the Erie Canal.
Motivational properties of fixed-interval reinforcement: A preliminary investigation

Rats were tested on various fixed-interval (FI) barpress reinforcement schedules with each subject receiving dry food pellets of differing composition. Water was always available in both the test chamber and the home cage. Subjects’ water intakes in the experimental chamber increased essentially monotonically as FI values were increased from 2 to 90 sec; beyond 120 sec, all subjects showed decreased water intakes. Pellet composition affected (1) the rate of development and the maintenance of polydipsia, (2) the number of barpress responses, and (3) the amount of water consumed at each FI value. The possible aversive nature of the absence of sugar in dry-food reinforcement is discussed and interpreted as suggesting a motivational analysis of schedule-induced polydipsia.
Fat fuels insulin resistance through Toll-like receptors.

Dietary lipids seem to activate a Toll-like receptor, which is better known for its defense against infectious pathogens. The findings suggest that the resulting inflammatory response may link obesity with type 2 diabetes.
Characteristics of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Older Adults

OBJECTIVE: To examine demographic and clinical features of older AIDS patients in comparison with younger individuals. DESIGN: Data base review. SETTING: Maryland AIDS Registry from 1981 through the end of 1994. PARTICIPANTS: All registered Maryland AIDS cases greater than or equal to 60 years of age at diagnosis and all Maryland AIDS cases aged 20 to 39. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic features, mode of transmission and change in mode over time, clinical presentations, CD4+ counts, and survival time. RESULTS: A total of 321 (2.7%) AIDS cases diagnosed in Maryland were people 60 years of age or older compared with 7511 cases (63.9%) in people aged 20 to 39 years. The proportion of whites was higher in the older group, but the gender distribution was similar to younger counterparts. Transfusion was the primary cause of exposure of 32% of the older people with AIDS; however, during the last few years, sexual transmission and drug abuse have been implicated more frequently. Twelve percent of older patients had no reported risk factors compared with 4% of younger AIDS patients. The most common presenting AIDS indicator disease in older cases was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Wasting syndrome, candidiasis, and HIV encephalopathy also occurred frequently. Median life span was 9 months compared with 22 months in the young. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that transfusion is no longer the leading cause of AIDS in older people in Maryland. The relatively increased prominence of transmission by other modes in this age group raises the importance of preventive and educational measures. Older patients generally have a shorter survival than younger individuals.
Intermolecular Interactions and Local Density Augmentation in Supercritical Solvation: A Survey of Simulation and Experimental Results

Data from prior simulation and experimental studies (a total of 52 solute/solvent pairs) are collected and analyzed in an attempt to relate the extent of local density augmentation in supercritical fluids to the strength of intermolecular interactions. For this purpose, intermolecular potential functions consisting of pairwise additive atom−atom potentials, with parameters either taken from literature sources or derived from quantum chemical calculations, are constructed and tested against experimental second-pressure virial coefficient data. For the solute−solvent combinations of interest in supercritical systems near room temperature, such potentials are found to reproduce experimental second-pressure virial coefficient data with reasonable accuracy. On the basis of these potentials, a variety of characteristics of solute−solvent and solvent−solvent interactions are computed and compared to simulated and experimental measures of density augmentation. It is found that the extent of augmentation is strong...
Wind-driven dispersal of volcanic ash plumes and its control on the thermal structure of the plume-top

The dispersal of an ash plume as it propagates downwind with the ash settling under gravity is presented. It is shown that wind shear, the initial plume height and the plume grain size distribution have an important role in the dispersal of the ash, in particular in determining the evolution of the upper surface and the leading edge of the ash cloud. Once the ash has thermally equilibrated with the atmosphere, the temperature of the upper surface of the ash plume is directly related to its altitude. As a result we can use the model to interpret satellite images of the temperature of the upper surface of ash plumes. These calculations are compared with new analyses of satellite data from the 18 May 1980 eruptions of Mount St Helens in which both thermal infra-red and visible GOES satellite data were examined. In accord with the data, the model is able to predict the rate at which the Mount St Helens ash plume propagated downwind through a combination of the wind shear and gravitational settling of different size particles. The model is also able to explain the observed thermal structure of the upper surface of the ash plume, in which the temperature initially decreases, but then increases with downwind distance as the ash falls through the tropopause.
Cluster model calculation and photoemission studies of molecularly adsorbed NO on Ni

Self-consistent scattered wave cluster model calculations for the NONi system are presented with NO bonded N-down in a fourfold coordination site. The results suggest that the charge is transferred from metal into the single occupied 2π∗ molecular orbital of NO which is thus significantly perturbed. The interaction involves the metal s, p, and d-derived states. We calculate total and local “density of states” defined within the framework of the cluster model and compare the results with Ultraviolet Photoemission experiments recorded at 80 K. At 300 K partial dissociation occurs as judged from UPS and XPS. Increased photoemission observed at about 2 eV below the Fermi level in the molecularly adsorbed state is attributed to the alteration of density of states due to the interaction of the 2π∗ molecular orbital of NO with the substrate. A detailed analysis of the nature of the relevant molecular orbitals is also given.
Impact of serum estradiol levels on the implantation rate of cleavage stage cryopreserved-thawed embryos transferred in programmed cycles with exogenous hormonal replacement.

Purpose To investigate the impact of late follicular phase serum estradiol (E2) levels on implantation and pregnancy outcomes of cleavage stage cryopreserved/thawed embryos transferred in programmed cycles with exogenous hormonal replacement.
Tryptase immunoreactive mast cell hyperplasia in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common cause of chronic lung disease in prematurely born infants, is histologically characterized by various degrees of airway and alveolar septal fibrosis. Tryptase, serine protease specific to mast cells, has been shown to have potent fibroblast mitogenic properties and in addition has been shown to be increased in adult fibrotic lung disorders. Based on this analogy, the distribution of pulmonary mast cells exhibiting tryptase immunoreactivity was investigated by immunoperoxidase staining in autopsy specimens of infants dying with BPD. Morphologically normal lung specimens from similarly aged infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) served as controls. Tryptase–positive mast cell counts were performed at 250× from at least 10 random fields in bronchial, peribronchiolar, and alveolar regions. Compared to controls, in lung sections exhibiting typical histologic features of long-standing BPD, tryptase positive cells were significantly increased in bronchial (23.9 ± 3.6 vs 14.4 ± 2.3) and peribronchiolar (15.3 ± 3.2 vs 4.63 ± 0.6) regions compared to controls (P < 0.05, Student's t test). In particular, alveolar regions exhibiting moderate to severe degrees of septal fibrosis exhibited dramatic increase in the number of tryptase-positive cells (9.83 ± 1.89 vs 0.34 ± 0.18, P = 0.003). These findings of tryptase-positive mast cell hyperplasia in BPD suggest potential roles of mast cells as well as tryptase in the pathogenesis of this disease. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An assessment of genetic knowledge and utilization among mental health care providers and consumers

Advances in genetics are ushering in a new era of molecular medicine that will impact all fields of medicine including psychiatry. Identification of genetic alterations associated with mental illness should facilitate development of innovative strategies for improved clinical care of affected and at-risk individuals through use of molecular diagnostics, genetic risk assessments, and pharmacogenetic agents. While these applications may ultimately improve disease-related morbidity, they could have negative consequences if they are inappropriately applied or interpreted. The risks of potential negative consequences will increase if mental health care providers and consumers are not well informed about the appropriate uses, benefits, risks, and limitations of emerging genetic information and technology. A recent survey of psychiatrists and Alliance of the Mentally III members regarding prenatal genetic testing revealed that both groups supported the development of prenatal testing for diseases with psychiatric manifestations (Milner et at, 1999). Surprisingly, their support for prenatal testing of adult-onset disorders, including Huntington disease, was in contrast to current practices by most clinical geneticists. We subsequently hypothesized that mental health professionals and consumers may have misconceptions about genetics due to a lack of exposure to up-to-date and accurate genetic information, and, that such misconceptions may negatively impact upon the availability of appropriate genetic counseling for individuals with, or at risk for, psychiatric disorders. To begin addressing these hypotheses we developed a survey to assess genetic knowledge, awareness of genetic services, and utilization of genetic resources. It was sent to over 900 mental health care providers. Analysis of 200 completed surveys reveals that most respondents understand some basic genetic principles. However, diverse opinions regarding genetic contributions to mental illness were noted. Few providers routinely refer clients with family histories of mental illness for genetic counseling. A similar survey for consumers is currently being administered. Results from provider and consumer surveys will be further analyzed to help determine what educational strategies and clinical services will be most helpful in providing genetic resources to mental health professionals and clients.
Embodied Art: A Merleau-Pontian Improvisation of Being in Theater

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, in Eye & Mind, lyrically links vision and painting as modes of embodying Being. He powerfully argues that humans are bodies (rather than minds in bodies, or minds and bodies) and that vision is the primary mode of our embodied engagement with the world. He suggests that in painting, the artist re-embodies in paint on canvas that which has been first embodied in the artist’s body though his or her sight. This paper suggests that an alternate art form, theater, provides a richer physical arena for the re-embodiment of Being. In live performance, actors, singers, and dancers offer their bodies as canvases, re-creating in voice, movement, time, and space the Being of the performed piece. These living re-creations are then embodied in the audience as they watch, in reciprocal emotion and physical sensation. Editor's Note: Honorable Mention Paper, 17th Annual Pacific University Undergraduate Philosophy Conference (2013)
Lack of blockade of central dopaminergic receptors by narcotics: Comparison with chlorpromazine

Abstract d-Amphetamine and saline were used as a discriminative stimuli in rats. After 0.6 mg/kg d-amphetamine administration, food reinforcement was contingent upon pressnig 1 lever in a 2-lever operant chamber. Responding on the other lever was reinforced only after saline injection of equal volume. The animals learned to discriminate between d-amphetamine and saline to a criterion of 85% correct. Administration of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg morphine, and 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg fentanyl produced saline-appropriate responses. Pretreatment with morphine and fentanyl had no significant effect on the d-amphetamine induced disciminative stimulus. In contrast, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg chlorpromazine antagonized d-amphetamine discrimination. These results indicate that despite their similar effect on brain dopamine turnover, morphine and fentanyl do not act on the same receptor site(s) as the neuroleptics, that is, they probably do not block brain dopamine receptors.
Injection locking of an index-guided semiconductor laser array

This paper describes an analysis of the effects of an injected laser field on an index-guided semiconductor laser array. We assume an injected field that is resonant with the lowest order array mode and a free-running array that is either operating with a higher order array mode or is not frequency locked. For both cases, a sufficiently intense injected field is found to cause the array to operate predominantly in the lowest order mode. Also, according to our analysis, for certain array configurations, it is more advantageous to have the injected field present during the startup of oscillation than to introduce it after the free-running array has reached steady state. Finally, the injection-locked array is found to contain a tilt in the output beam.
Aging and health: effects of the sense of control

The relation between health and a sense of control may grow stronger in old age. This could occur through three types of processes: experiences particularly relevant to control may increase markedly in old age; the association between control and some aspect of health may be altered by age; and age may influence the association between control and health-related behaviors or the seeking of medical care. Studies show that there are detrimental effects on the health of older people when their control of their activities is restricted; in contrast, interventions that enhance options for control by nursing home patients promote health. With increasing age, however, variability in preferred amounts of control also increases, and sometimes greater control over activities, circumstances, or health has negative consequences including stress, worry, and self-blame. Mechanisms mediating the control-health relation include feelings of stress, symptom labeling, changes in the neuroendocrine and immune systems, and behavior relevant to health maintenance.
Identification of Novel Interaction between Annexin A2 and Keratin 17 EVIDENCE FOR RECIPROCAL REGULATION

Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins providing crucial structural support in epithelial cells. Keratin expression has diagnostic and even prognostic value in disease settings, and recent studies have uncovered modulatory roles for select keratin proteins in signaling pathways regulating cell growth and cell death. Elevated keratin expression in select cancers is correlated with higher expression of EGF receptor (EGFR), whose overexpression and/or mutation give rise to cancer. To explore the role of keratins in oncogenic signaling pathways, we examined the regulation of epithelial growth-associated keratin 17 (K17) in response to EGFR activation. K17 is specifically up-regulated in detergent-soluble fraction upon EGFR activation, and immunofluorescence analysis revealed alterations in K17-containing filaments. Interestingly, we identified AnxA2 as a novel interacting partner of K17, and this interaction is antagonized by EGFR activation. K17 and AnxA2 proteins show reciprocal regulation. Modulating expression of AnxA2 altered K17 stability, and AnxA2 overexpression delays EGFR-mediated change in K17 detergent solubility. Down-regulation of K17 expression, in turn, results in decreased AnxA2 phosphorylation at Tyr-23. These findings uncover a novel interaction involving K17 and AnxA2 and identify AnxA2 as a potential regulator of keratin filaments.
CRT-111 Impact of High Left Ventricular Mass Index on Peak Troponin Level After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

The peak cardiac enzyme (troponin and creatine kinase [CK]) after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) correlates strongly with infarct size. It has been reported that hypertrophied cardiomyocytes display an increased troponin concentration. Therefore, we hypothesized that the systemic release
Coronary Artery Aneurysms After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

Drug-eluting stents (DES), which locally elute antiproliferative drugs, can dramatically inhibit neointimal growth. However, several pathological studies have indicated that DES may delay healing after vascular injury, and DES implantation may be theoretically associated with a risk of coronary artery aneurysm formation. Coronary aneurysms have been reported from 3 days to up to 4 years after DES implantation procedures, with varying clinical presentations. The incidence of coronary artery aneurysms after DES implantation is low within the first 9 months, with a reported incidence of 0.2% to 2.3%, a rate similar to that reported after bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation (0.3% to 3.9%) in the DES versus BMS randomized trials. However, the true incidence of coronary aneurysms in an unselected patient population is still largely unknown. This article reviews the published literature on coronary artery aneurysms specifically relating to DES.
Sticking together: handcrafting personalized communication interfaces

We present I/O Stickers, adhesive sensors and actuators that children can use to handcraft personalized remote communication interfaces. By attaching I/O Stickers to special wirelessly connected greeting cards, children can invent ways to communicate with long-distance loved ones. Children decorate these cards with their choice of craft materials, creatively expressing themselves while making a functioning interface. The low-bandwidth connections -- simple actuators that change as the sensor stickers are manipulated -- leave room not only to design the look and function of the card, but also to decide how to interpret the information transmitted. We aim to empower children to implement ideas that would otherwise require advanced electronics knowledge. In addition, we hope to support creative learning about communication and to make keeping in touch playful and meaningful. In this paper, we describe the design of the I/O Stickers, analyze a variety of artifacts children have created, and explore future directions for the toolkit.
Adaptability and intermediate phase in randomly connected networks

We present a simple model that enables us to analytically characterize a floppy to rigid transition and an associated self-adaptive intermediate phase in a random bond network. In this intermediate phase, the network adapts itself to lower the stress due to constraints. Our simulations verify this picture. We use these insights to identify applications of these ideas in computational problems such as vertex cover and K-satisfiability.
G Protein-regulated Inducer of Neurite Outgrowth (GRIN) Modulates Sprouty Protein Repression of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Activation by Growth Factor Stimulation

Gαo/i interacts directly with GRIN (G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth). Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified Sprouty2 as an interacting partner of GRIN. Gαo and Sprouty2 bind to overlapping regions of GRIN, thus competing for GRIN binding. Imaging experiments demonstrated that Gαo expression promoted GRIN translocation to the plasma membrane, whereas Sprouty2 expression failed to do so. Given the role of Sprouty2 in the regulation of growth factor-mediated MAPK activation, we examined the contribution of the GRIN-Sprouty2 interaction to CB1 cannabinoid receptor regulation of FGF receptor signaling. In Neuro-2A cells, a system that expresses all of the components endogenously, modulation of GRIN levels led to regulation of MAPK activation. Overexpression of GRIN potentiated FGF activation of MAPK and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of Sprouty2. Pretreatment with Go/i-coupled CB1 receptor agonist attenuated subsequent FGF activation of MAPK. Decreased expression of GRIN both diminished FGF activation of MAPK and blocked CB1R attenuation of MAPK activation. These observations indicate that Gαo interacts with GRIN and outcompetes GRIN from bound Sprouty. Free Sprouty then in turn inhibits growth factor signaling. Thus, here we present a novel mechanism of how Go/i-coupled receptors can inhibit growth factor signaling to MAPK.
Herpetic whitlow during isotretinoin therapy

Isotretinoin is an extremely valuable drug that is occasionally associated with well-known mucocutaneous side-effects, including cheilitis, retinoid dermatitis, palmoplantar desquamation, and photosensitivity. Paronychia has been reported rarely: only two prior cases of herpes simplex infections associated with isotretinoin have been previously reported. We present the first known case of herpetic paronychia occurring in an atopic patient while on isotretinoin therapy for acne.
Horizons of Business Anthropology in a World of Flexible Accumulation

Classically, anthropology supplied a cultural critique, by contrasting the Noble Savage to contemporary institutions and exposing the effects of structures of authority. This understanding of humanity was expanded a hundred years ago by Boas’s embrace of cultural and linguistic variety within a common humanity. Similarly, the classical role for business anthropology and other forms of applied anthropology has been to identify areas in contemporary enterprises and institutions where improvements could be made. Today anthropologists’ engagement with the contemporary world of business in a regime of flexible accumulation is expanding our understanding of the human project, interrogating the regimes of value and extension whose scale is global and whose scope penetrates to the deepest levels of consciousness. Using contemporary ethnographic insights from the authors and other anthropologists, this article suggests an enlarged understanding of and direction for business anthropology at the frontier of anthropology that uses classic anthropological approaches to investigate the sites where new human possibilities are being assembled and created.
A three-dimensional optical photonic crystal

We report on the successful fabrication of a working three-dimensional (3D) crystal operating at optical wavelength /spl lambda/. The minimum feature size of the 3D structure is 180 nm. The 3D crystal is free from defects over the entire 6-inch silicon wafer and has an absolute photonic bandgap (PBG) centered at /spl lambda//spl sim/1.6 /spl mu/m. Our data provides the first conclusive evidence for the existence of a complete 3D PBG in optical /spl lambda/. This development will pave the way to tinier, cheaper, more effective waveguides, optical switches and lasers.
Ratio of oxygen to sulfur in the Io plasma torus

The relative concentrations of O and S ions in the hot dense region of the Io plasma torus (IPT) are investigated by means of model calculations based on collisional diffusive equilibrium. The spectroscopic constraints and uncertainties encountered in calculating the ion partitioning and the modeling procedures employed are discussed, and the results are presented in tables and graphs and compared with Voyager EUV data and the rocket observations of Skinner and Durrance (1986). It is found that the observed O and S emission from the IPT can be reproduced by models with approximately equal partitioning between O and S species. The assumptions and analyses leading to the conclusion (Moreno et al., 1985) that the IPT is S-dominated (by 3 to 1 or more) are analyzed in detail and rejected.
Structure and diffusion of intrinsic defect complexes in LiNbO3 from density functional theory calculations

Organized defect clusters in non-stoichiometric LiNbO₃ are known to dominate macroscale ferroelectric properties; yet the detailed nature of these defects is currently unknown. Here, the relative stabilities of various defect cluster arrangements of lithium vacancies around a niobium antisite in LiNbO₃ are determined using density functional theory combined with thermodynamic calculations. Their effects on the ferroelectricity of the system are also discussed. It is found that at room temperature the non-uniaxial dipole moments associated with the defect clusters could affect the properties of the system locally. The diffusion mechanism is predicted to be through first nearest neighbor jumps on the Li sublattice. The diffusivity of the lithium vacancy is found to be extremely low at room temperature, which indicates that the defect complexes should be rather stable.
Single timescale stochastic approximation for stochastic Nash games in cognitive radio systems

In the face of increasing demand for wireless services, the design of spectrum assignment policies has gained enormous relevance. We consider one such instance in cognitive radio systems where recent efforts have focused on the application of game-theoretic approaches. Much of this work has been restricted to deterministic regimes and this paper considers a stochastic generalizations. The corresponding problems are seen to be stochastic Nash games over continuous strategy sets. Notably, the gradient map of player utilities is seen to be a monotone mapping over the cartesian product of strategy sets, leading to a monotone stochastic variational inequality. We consider the application of projection-based stochastic approximation schemes. However, such techniques are characterized by a key shortcoming in that the mappings were required to be be strongly monotone. Standard extensions of stochastic approximation schemes for merely monotone mappings rely on obtaining a sequence of increasingly exact solutions, a natively two-timescale scheme. However, obtaining solutions with increasing accuracy remains a challenging task in a simulation-based setting. Accordingly, we consider the development of single timescale techniques for computing equilibria when the associated gradient map does not admit strong monotonicity. We develop convergence theory for distributed single-timescale stochastic approximation schemes, namely stochastic iterative proximal point method which requires exactly one projection step at every step. Finally we apply this framework to the design of cognitive radio systems in uncertain regimes under temperature-interference constraints.
Facile methods for generating human somatic cell gene knockouts using recombinant adeno‐associated viruses

Emerging evidence suggests that recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors can be used for specific gene targeting in human somatic cells. We have developed an rAAV vector construction procedure employing fusion PCR and a single cloning step that considerably simplifies the knockout process. We demonstrate its utility by disrupting genes at specific positions within human colon cancer cells as well as within immortalized normal epithelial cells. This technology should be broadly applicable to in vitro studies that require the manipulation of the human genome.
Evaluating Contextual Variables Affecting Productivity Using Data Envelopment Analysis

A DEA-based stochastic frontier estimation framework is presented to evaluate contextual variables affecting productivity that allows for both one-sided inefficiency deviations as well as two-sided random noise. Conditions are identified under which a two-stage procedure consisting of DEA followed by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis yields consistent estimators of the impact of contextual variables. Conditions are also identified under which DEA in the first stage followed by maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in the second stage yields consistent estimators of the impact of contextual variables. This requires the contextual variables to be independent of the input variables, but the contextual variables may be correlated with each other. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to compare the performance of our two-stage approach with one-stage and two-stage parametric approaches. Simulation results indicate that DEA-based procedures with OLS, maximum likelihood, or even Tobit estimation in the second stage perform as well as the best of the parametric methods in the estimation of the impact of contextual variables on productivity. Simulation results also indicate that DEA-based procedures perform better than parametric methods in the estimation of individual decision-making unit (DMU) productivity. Overall, the results establish DEA as a nonparametric stochastic frontier estimation (SFE) methodology.