cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Navigating constricted channels: local cooption, coercion, and concentration under co-management, Mweru-Luapula fishery, Zambia

In theory, natural resource governance through co-management promises a rich array of benefits for local populations, from representative decision-making to legitimately equal and open access to natural resources. Anthropologists, social geographers and other practitioners of political ecology will not be surprised to learn that such theory rarely bears out in practice, but that instead sociopolitical relationships are forged in the niches created by reoriented power structures. These reconfigured relationships exhibit not only shifts in peer networks but also in relationships of scale, for example, among local fishers and chiefs, and chiefs and government agents. Recent application of a co-management system of enforcement in the Zambian portion of the Mweru-Luapula fishery shows how well-intentioned policy fails to produce expected results: leading to spoils for some and reduced value of access for others. This paper focuses on one among several case studies derived from this region. It describes how a small group of roughly fifty lake island residents gain advantage from the dubious legality of their incursion into a perpetually closed fish breeding area because, while legislative statute restricts all fishers from these fecund common-pool resource grounds, comanagement empowers "traditional" modes of authority with the de facto clout to rebuff civil officers charged with evicting these potentially destructive occupants. For their part, the recent immigrant squatters argue a moral imperative to residence by claiming autochthony. By doing so they leverage the comanagement prerogative intended to protect indigenous rights, while bolstering their own campaign to entrench themselves in the most valuable waters of the fishery. Keywords: co-management, fishery, commons, autochthony, Zambia, Mweru-Luapula fishery, Kanakashi Island
Speak of the Devil

This chapter introduces the problematic of black masculinity in an antiblack world. It draws, to that end, upon legal scholar Paul Butler’s The Chokehold and literary critic Darieck Scott’s Extravagant Abjection. “Lucifer” is discussed as a useful name for the complexity of black masculinity in theory, culture, and politics. Readings of Charles Burnett’s Killer of Sheep (1978) and Jordan Peele’s Get Out (2017) help to illustrate some of the main points.
Deconstructing Trust and Recognizing Vulnerability in Research With Diverse Populations.

In their article “Beyond Consent: Building Trusting Relationships with Diverse Populations in Precision Medicine Research,” Kraft and colleagues (2018) underscore the importance of building trustin...
Evaluating predisposition and training in shaping the musician's brain: the need for a developmental perspective

The study of music training as a model for structural plasticity has evolved significantly over the past 15 years. Neuroimaging studies have identified characteristic structural brain alterations in musicians compared to nonmusicians in school-age children and adults, using primarily cross-sectional designs. Despite this emerging evidence and advances in pediatric neuroimaging techniques, hardly any studies have examined brain development in early childhood (before age 8) in association with musical training, and longitudinal studies starting in infancy or preschool are particularly scarce. Consequently, it remains unclear whether the characteristic "musician brain" is solely the result of musical training, or whether certain predispositions may have an impact on its development. Moving toward a developmental perspective, the present review considers various factors that may contribute to early brain structure prior to the onset of formal musical training. This review introduces a model for potential neurobiological pathways leading to the characteristic "musician brain," which involves a developmental interaction between predisposition and its temporal dynamics, environmental experience, and training-induced plasticity. This perspective illuminates the importance of studying the brain structure associated with musical training through a developmental lens, and the need for longitudinal studies in early childhood to advance our understanding of music training-induced structural plasticity.
Molecular Energy Levels

The molecular energy level can be represented by: eE = eEe + eE v +eEJ, where eEe is the electronic energy level eE v is the vibrational energy level = \( hv\left( {v + {1 \over 2}} \right) \) eEj = eEr is the rotational energy level = \( J\left( {J + 1} \right){{{h^2}} \over {8{\pi ^2}I}} \) Note that v is the vibrational quantum number, and J is the rotational quantum number.
Jack of all, master of all? CEO generalist experience and firm performance

Abstract Although more generalist CEOs command a significant pay premium and are known for initiating a variety of strategic changes, whether their sought-after experience is associated with higher firm performance remains unexplored. Drawing on instrumental leadership and domain expertise frameworks, we propose a negative association between more generalist CEO experience (across different industries or firms) and firm performance, but one that is alleviated by longer tenure. Based on a sample of 16,158 CEO-firm-year observations from 2243 firms, we find support for a negative association between more generalist CEO experience and firm performance, which is alleviated with longer CEO tenure. These preliminary results have implications for the increasingly common practice of seeking to hire more generalist CEOs in an effort to improve firm performance.
Virtual Reality Simulation: Effects on Academic Performance Within Two Domains of Writing in Science

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role textbooks can play on writing complexity and lexical density as a proxy for critical thinking and ultimately learning, in relation to argumentative and summative writing when integrated with a virtual reality experience. In this study, differences in writing complexity and lexical density scores were measured across four different pedagogical modalities: VR alone, VR followed by textbook readings, textbook readings followed by VR, and textbook readings alone. Adult students, recruited from non-science-based higher education programs, responded to two prompts related to content found in the VR environments and discussed in the textbooks. The authors hypothesized that exposure to a virtual marine environment prior to responding to the writing prompts would enhance both argumentative and summative writing products, when compared to participants who only had access to the textbook experiences. Participants who were exposed to the VR environment then a textbook demonstrated significantly greater writing complexity and lexical density scores than those who had access to VR alone, or access to the text alone.
Experimental setup to evaluate creepage distance requirements for shipboard power systems

The stresses on shipboard insulators resulting from the unique features of future all-electric Navy ships such as DC power, power electronics induced harmonics, ungrounded rails and bidirectional power flow are not fully understood. The dielectric performance of these insulators determines the creepage and clearance requirements in shipboard power systems. This paper provides technical background on failure mechanisms of insulators pertinent to creepage and clearance requirements. Existing standards on creepage and clearance distances are studied and found to be inadequate. An experimental setup proposed to study the behavior of insulators under shipboard stresses is described. The methods of determination of creepage distance from the experiments and their application in the development of model based scaling rules for shipboard equipment is explained.
Instructional Expertise and Micropolitics: The Social Networks of Instrumental Music Teachers:

The purpose of this study was to understand the social networks of three instrumental music teachers in a midwestern school district. Research questions were (1) How do instrumental music teachers ...
Targeting the Choroid Plexuses for Protein Drug Delivery

Delivery of therapeutic agents to the central nervous system is challenged by the barriers in place to regulate brain homeostasis. This is especially true for protein therapeutics. Targeting the barrier formed by the choroid plexuses at the interfaces of the systemic circulation and ventricular system may be a surrogate brain delivery strategy to circumvent the blood-brain barrier. Heterogenous cell populations located at the choroid plexuses provide diverse functions in regulating the exchange of material within the ventricular space. Receptor-mediated transcytosis may be a promising mechanism to deliver protein therapeutics across the tight junctions formed by choroid plexus epithelial cells. However, cerebrospinal fluid flow and other barriers formed by ependymal cells and perivascular spaces should also be considered for evaluation of protein therapeutic disposition. Various preclinical methods have been applied to delineate protein transport across the choroid plexuses, including imaging strategies, ventriculocisternal perfusions, and primary choroid plexus epithelial cell models. When used in combination with simultaneous measures of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, they can yield important insight into pharmacokinetic properties within the brain. This review aims to provide an overview of the choroid plexuses and ventricular system to address their function as a barrier to pharmaceutical interventions and relevance for central nervous system drug delivery of protein therapeutics. Protein therapeutics targeting the ventricular system may provide new approaches in treating central nervous system diseases.
Abstract P429: Hospital Level Diagnostic Disparities of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in the United States Nationwide Hospitalizations

Background/Objective: There is limited knowledge of the nationwide prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) diagnosis and disparity amongst US hospitalization. The aim of this study is to as...
Parent Sensitive Topic Understanding, Communication Comfort, and Parent-Adolescent Conversation Following Exposure to 13 Reasons Why: A Comparison of Parents from Four Countries

A number of recent series airing on traditional and streaming platforms portray sensitive topics faced by adolescents, including depression and suicide. Research has suggested that these subjects may be difficult for parents and adolescents to discuss, given their stigmatized nature. It is possible, however, that series portraying these issues in a realistic way can influence parent viewers’ perceived understanding of and comfort discussing these topics, and subsequently, relate to self-reported conversations with their adolescents. In addition, it is likely that these relations may differ for participants from different countries, especially considering country differences in mental health, access to mental health care, and stigmatization about mental health. We tested these relations using data from 778 parent viewers of the series 13 Reasons Why. We sampled viewers from four countries: Australia, the United States, Brazil, and the United Kingdom. Results suggested an indirect association between self-reported topic understanding and starting a conversation with their adolescent about these topics via reports of comfort discussing these topics. Participants’ country of habitation at the time of the study did not significantly influence these associations. We discuss these findings in the context of parent-adolescent communication, particularly around sensitive health-related topics.
Increasing OLED stability: Plasmonic PHOLED

In this paper we introduce a new light emitting device where phosphorescent emitters are intentionally coupled to the surface plasmon mode of a nearby metal electrode for decay rate enhancement. This energy is subsequently converted to photons in free space via a nanoparticle-based out-coupling scheme allowing us to harvest both efficiency and stability gains. Compared to a reference OLED based on conventional device design, our new architecture achieves a two-fold increase in operational stability at the same brightness while simultaneously outcoupling 8% of photons from the device.
School Archery Standards

(1943). School Archery Standards. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 81-125.
Metabolism of the Ovum Between Conception and Nidation

During the past ten years there has been a considerable increase in the interest in the metabolism of the early mammalian embryo, which has resulted in a gradual accumulation of information about the biochemistry and physiology of these stages in development. Despite this increase in information, our understanding of the events which occur between ovulation and implantation is rather fragmentary and far from complete. We are well aware of the more obvious events such as fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation, and early attachment of the embryo to the uterus, but we know almost nothing of the genetic changes and biochemical processes which underlie these obvious morphological events. At the present time we have the most information about energy metabolism and next most about protein metabolism; outside these two areas very little is known. Consequently, much of the following discussion will deal primarily with energy and protein metabolism and information which relates to these two areas.
The Kinetics of Carbohydrate Binding to Concanavalin A

Abstract The kinetics and equilibrium of binding of the chromophoric sugar derivative p-nitrophenyl-α-d-mannopyranoside to concanavalin A at pH 6.95 have been studied. The association rate constant for the chromophoric sugar-concanavalin A complex is 8 x 104 m-1 s-1 and the dissociation rate constant is 4 s-1 at 20°. The dissociation constant measured directly by difference spectroscopy at 316 nm is 4.09 ± 0.62 x 10-5 m compared to 5 x 10-5 m calculated from the kinetic constants. The equilibrium results are approximately the same as those reported earlier by Hassing and Goldstein ((1970) Eur. J. Biochem. 16, 549). The results are consistent with a simple association-dissociation scheme with independent sugar binding sites.
Ecosystem Stewardship as a Framework for Conservation in a Directionally Changing World

Abstact The realities of a rapidly changing world demand that successful conservation activities accomodate uncertainties and exploit the opportunities imposed by directional environmental changes. A consensus among researchers is emerging behind the conceptual framework offered by „ecosystem stewardship‟, aimed at sustaining the structure and function of biological communities under stressors induced by directional change. Both novel ecosystems and proactive conservation efforts are an important and compatible component of this framework. Here, we show how forward-looking management activities that seek to maintain biological diversity might be enhanced by applying concepts developed under the umbrella of ecosystem stewardship.
The Impact of a Home-Delivered Meal Program on Nutritional Risk, Dietary Intake, Food Security, Loneliness, and Social Well-Being

Maintaining independence and continuing to live at home is one solution to manage the rising health care costs of aging populations in the United States; furthermore, seniors are at risk of malnutrition and food insecurity. Home-delivered meal programs are a tool to address food, nutrition, and well-being concerns of this population. Few studies have identified outcomes from these programs; this pilot study reviews the nutritional status, dietary intake, well-being, loneliness, and food security levels of seniors participating in a Meals on Wheels delivery service. Clients, new to the meal program, participated in pre- and postphone interviews, and 51 seniors completed the study. The survey was composed of five scales or questionnaires, and statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS. Improvements across all five measures were statistically significant after participating two months in the home-delivered meal program. Implications for further research, practice, and the Older Americans Act are discussed.
Ultrastructural Aspects of Genetic Activity

Electron microscopic analysis of the material released by gentle lysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells has provided information on the in vivo structure of transcription complexes. We have identified active nonribosomal and ribosomal RNA genes in both cell types (for reviews see Miller and Hamkalo, 1972; Hamkalo and Miller, 1973). This paper summarizes the comparative structural features of these two types of transcription in three eukaryotic cells (HeLa, Drosophila, and yeast).
Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix

Abstract The depth and pattern of invasion were compared in 115 cases of microinvasive carcinoma. The 71 invading 1 mm. or less were focal (96 per cent) rather than confluent (4 per cent) and were cured by simple hysterectomy (one vaginal vault recurrence). The 44 invading 2 to 5 mm. showed a confluent pattern in 39 per cent; a need for treating pelvic lymphatics was demonstrated by one with a positive hypogastric lymph node and by two pelvic recurrences. An additional 26 cases assessed as beyond microinvasive (6 to 10 mm. in depth) included five of 16 without radical treatment who died from cancer, while all treated radically survived, including five with lymphatic involvement.
Doing Anti-Oppressive Practice: Building Transformative Politicized Social Work edited by Donna Baines

As a feminist social worker whose primary practice areas have involved mitigation of death sentences for persons facing the death penalty in the United States, the connection between mental health ...
Bois flottés et archéologie de l’Arctique: contribution à la préhistoire récente du détroit de Béring

Until the introduction of commercial wood, driftwood was the main wood resource for people along the coasts of northern North America and Siberia. In Arctic archaeological sites and particularly in the last 2,000 years deposits, wood remains are often well preserved and provide archaeologists with large and representative samples of what was used at a site. However these remains have not been analyzed in great detail despite the interest of studying the use of wood in regions lacking trees. This paper discusses the importance of recording systematic and precise data on driftwood accumulations and wood use in order to better understand: 1) the formation of wooden assemblages, 2) driftwood availability at the time the site was occupied, and 3) users’ selection choices. A survey of modern driftwood accumulations, distribution, Availability and composition in Bering Strait and southern Chukchi Peninsula is also presented. It draws on the study of archaeological collections of Alaskan sites dated to the 6th century and the 11th-15th centuries A.D. to show how establishing such data bases should, in the long run, improve the chronological, technical or even social interpretation of wood remains from arctic sites.
Evolution of the northeast Labrador Sea during the last interglaciation

[1] Boreal summer insolation during the last interglaciation (LIG) generally warmed the subpolar to polar Northern Hemisphere more than during the early Holocene, yet regional climate variations between the two periods remain. We investigate northeast Labrador Sea subsurface temperature and hydrography across terminations (T) I and II and during the LIG to assess the impact of two different magnitudes of boreal summer insolation increase on the northeast Labrador Sea. We use Mg/Ca ratios in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) as a proxy of calcification temperature to document changes in subsurface temperatures over Eirik Drift. Our corresponding record of d 18 O of seawater documents changes in water mass salinity. Mg/Ca calcification temperatures peak early in the Holocene coincident with peak boreal summer insolation. In contrast, LIG temperatures are relatively constant through the interglaciation, and are no warmer than peak Holocene temperatures. During the first half of the LIG, d 18 O of seawater remains depleted, likely from southern Greenland Ice Sheet retreat and enhanced Arctic freshwater and sea-ice export to the Labrador Sea. The consequent stratification of the Labrador Sea and attendant suppressed convection explains delayed deep-ocean ventilation and a cooler subsurface in the northeast Labrador Sea during the LIG.
Toward common patterns for distributed, concurrent, fault-tolerant code

There are no widely accepted design patterns for writing distributed, concurrent, fault-tolerant code. Each programmer develops her own techniques for writing this type of complex software. The use of a common pattern for fault-tolerant programming has the potential to produce correct code more quickly and increase shared understanding between developers. We describe rules, tasks, and pools, patterns extracted from the development of RAMCloud, a fault-tolerant datacenter storage system. We illustrate their application and discuss their relationship to concurrent programming models. Our goal is to generate discussion that will ultimately lead to common techniques for fault-tolerant programming.
ROUTING IN OPTICAL MULTISTAGE NETWORKS WITH LIMITED CROSSTALK USING ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) techniques can be successfully implemented to solve many combinatorial optimization problems. After the traveling salesman problem was successfully solved using the ACO technique, other researchers have concentrated on solving other problems like the quadratic assignment and the job-shop scheduling problems using the same technique. In this paper we use the ACO technique to route messages through an N×N Optical Multistage Interconnection Network (OMIN) allowing upto 'C' limited crosstalk's (conflicts between messages within a switch) where 'C' is a technology driven parameter and is always less than log2N. Messages with switch conflicts satisfying the crosstalk constraint are allowed to pass in the same group, but if there is any link conflict, then messages have to be routed in a different group. The focus is to minimize the number of passes required for routing allowing upto 'C' limited crosstalks in an N×N optical network. This routing problem is an NP-hard problem. In this paper we show how the ACO technique can be applied to the routing problem and compare the performance of the ACO technique to that of the degree-descending algorithm using simulation techniques. Finally the lower bound estimate on the minimum number of passes required is calculated and compared to the results obtained using the two algorithms discussed. The results obtained show that the ACO technique performs better than the degree-descending algorithm and is quite close to optimal algorithms to the problem.
Flight speeds of birds observed with radar: Evidence for two phases of migratory flight

Horizontal flight speeds relative to the air (air speeds) of about 3,500 birds flying at night over southeastern New York State were measured with a tracking radar, taking special care to obtain accurate local wind measurements. Results were in agreement with previous data (Larkin et al. 1979) indicating that migrating birds sometimes fly at slower speeds than seem consistent with energetically efficient flight. In both spring and fall, about 30% of the birds flew at air speeds of less than 5 m/s (Fig. 5). Two phases of flight were observed, often occurring together on the same night (Figs. 7 and 9). Faster birds generally flew at headings closer to the seasonally appropriate direction and sometimes tended to fly at higher altitudes. Slower birds' headings tended toward the expected direction only part of the time and were more scattered, both between and within nights of observation. The observed relationship between heading, flight speed, and wind direction confirms the ‘following component correlation’ reported by previous investigators. But the strongest correlation was with relative wind direction rather than the speed of tail winds. Direct visual observations of a representative subsample of the targets confirmed other indications that they were small birds engaged in flapping flight. Nights when a large proportion of birds had air speeds below 5 m/s were often characterized by seasonally unfavorable winds. Nights with a single air speed mode below 8 m/s occurred when winds were unfavorable or when a high-pressure system was centered near the site of observation. A small but appreciable proportion of birds, here called ‘retros’, had such low air speeds that, even though heading more or less upwind, they were being carried backward relative to the ground. A number of other variables, including altitude, time of night, time of year, and rate of ascent/descent, sometimes correlated with speed of flight (Table 3). Generally accepted methods of estimating such parameters as birds' headings and wind drift may be seriously in error if the relationships found in the present investigation are characteristic of other geographical areas.
Adrenocortical function in the hamster. Sex differences and effects of gonadal hormones.

Adrenal weight is greater in the male hamster than in the female, a sex difference opposite that in other rodent species. Prepuberal gonadectomy results in decreased adrenal weight in both sexes; testosterone or estradiol replacement restores the weight to the control level. Sex differences in adrenocortical function accompany those in weight, with the male having higher plasma corticosteroids, greater steroid output in vitro by adrenal slices or homogenates, and greater steroid secretion in vivo than the female.Hepatic metabolism of cortisol in vitro is greater and biological half-life (t½) of cortisol is shorter in the male. Prepuberal orchiectomy results in decreased plasma corticosteroids at rest and after ether stress, decreased steroid output in vitro by adrenal slices and homogenates, and decreased steroid secretion in vivo compared with the intact male. Hepatic metabolism of cortisol in vitro is decreased and the t½ of cortisol is prolonged after orchiectomy. Testosterone replacement reverses or p...
System-wide energy optimization for multiple DVS components and real-time tasks

Most dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVS) techniques adjust only CPU parameters; however, recent embedded systems provide multiple adjustable clocks which can be independently tuned. When considering multiple components, energy optimal frequencies depend on task set characteristics such as the number of CPU and memory access cycles. In this work, we propose a realistic energy model considering multiple components with individually adjustable frequencies such as CPUs, system bus and memory, and related task set characteristics. The model is validated on a real platform and shows less than 2% relative error compared to measured values. Based on the proposed energy model, we present an optimal static frequency assignment scheme for multiple DVS components to schedule a set of periodic real-time tasks. We simulate the energy gain of the proposed scheme compared to other DVS schemes for various task and system configurations, showing up to a 20% energy reduction. We also experimentally verify energy savings of the proposed scheme on a real hardware platform.
Effects of mimosine on plasma amino acid concentrations in Angora goats

Abstract Effects of mimosine intravenously infused for 2 days or orally dosed on plasma amino acid concentrations in Angora goats were determined. In one experiment, 20 mature Angora wethers (36 ± 1.9 kg BW) were infused for 2 days with 79, 102 and 135 mg/(kg BW/day) of mimosine, 90 mg/(kg BW/day) of 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (2,3-DHP) or saline; plasma was sampled before infusion and 24 and 48 h later. At 7 days after infusion began, fleece shedding was observed in all goats receiving mimosine, but not in any goats infused with 2,3-DHP or saline. Mimosine depressed ( p p > 0.10) to levels in Control goats. In another experiment, Angora bucklings (23 ± 0.5 kg BW) were orally dosed with 400 or 600 mg/kg BW of mimosine; plasma samples were collected before dosing and 22 and 46 h later. At 9 days after oral doses of mimosine, no fleece shedding was noticeable; however, at 31 days changes in fleece status of some goats were observed. For Thr and Arg, mimosine dosing decreased plasma concentrations at 22 h compared with concentrations before dosing ( p ≤ 0.05), and for Thr, Arg and Lys mimosine dosing increased amino acid concentrations at 46 h ( p ≤ 0.05). The increase in Val concentration due to mimosine dosing was greater than 0 for 400 mg/kg BW of mimosine ( p p p p p p p
School Securitization and Latina/o Educational Progress

Increasing control and security has become a common strategy to address school violence. Some argue, however, that increasing social control has detrimental consequences for racial and ethnic minor...
The U.S. general land office and commercial map making: A case study

Abstract While conducting its rectangular survey, the U.S. General Land Office gathered a massive data base of geographic information upon which most American maps issued before 1900 were based. The history and progress of that survey are recounted here, and contemporary manuscript sources are used to show how Wisconsin's most important 19th century mapmaker, Increase A. Lapham, acquired and communicated its data. In addition to describing a frontier map maker at work, this article elucidates the pivotal role that government surveyors and a private entrepreneur played in disseminating cartographic information to a swiftly expanding population.
Blockade of mu and kappa1 opioid analgesic tolerance by NPC17742, a novel NMDA antagonist

Abstract NPC17742 is a potent competitive NMDA antagonist. Low doses of NPC17742 prevent the development of tolerance to repeated daily injections of the mu agonist morphine and the kappa 1 agonist U50,488H. However, NPC17742 at these same doses is without effect against the kappa 3 analgesic naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH). At these doses, NPC17742 does not significantly influence morphine's ED 50 value following single or repeated doses of the NMDA antagonist. The ability of NPC17742 to block tolerance to U50488H distinguishes this compound from other NMDA antagonists and raises the possibility of subclasses of NMDA antagonists. Furthermore, these results emphasize the different mechanisms involved with analgesic tolerance among mu, kappa 1 and kappa 3 receptors.
Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related genera as revealed by RFLP and RAPD analysis

Relationships among 88 accessions representing 45 Citrus species, three man-made hybrids, and six related genera were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Thirty-two Citrus and three Microcitrus accessions were also examined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A measure of relative heterozygosity was estimated based on the mean of the number of fragments per individual per probe-enzyme combination (PEC) divided by total number of fragments per PEC for all non-hybrid Citrus individuals. The presence in a Citrus species of a rare band found also in a related genus was taken as an indication of possible introgression, while the presence of several fragments unique to 1 species was used to indicate non-involvement of that species in hybridization events. Most species that have been described in the literature as hybrids had high heterozygosity indices and no unique fragments. Distance matrices and dendrograms were generated using simple matching coefficient and neighbor-joining cluster analysis. RFLP and RAPD data gave approximately the same results. These data showed C. maxima was affiliated with the papedas C. hongheensis and C. latipes. C. medica clustered with C. indica when only non-hybrid taxa were examined, or among limes, lemons, and relatives when all species were considered. Mandarins did not show strongly supported groupings among themselves, nor with other species. These data showed that several accessions were probably assigned to the wrong species.
Enhanced Metal Ion Selectivity of 2,9-Di-(pyrid-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline and Its Use as a Fluorescent Sensor for Cadmium(II)

The metal ion complexing properties of the ligand DPP (2,9-di-(pyrid-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline) were studied by crystallography, fluorimetry, and UV−visible spectroscopy. Because DPP forms five-membered chelate rings, it will favor complexation with metal ions of an ionic radius close to 1.0 A. Metal ion complexation and accompanying selectivity of DPP is enhanced by the rigidity of the aromatic backbone of the ligand. Cd2+, with an ionic radius of 0.96 A, exhibits a strong CHEF (chelation enhanced fluorescence) effect with 10-8 M DPP, and Cd2+ concentrations down to 10-9 M can be detected. Other metal ions that cause a significant CHEF effect with DPP are Ca2+ (10-3 M) and Na+ (1.0 M), whereas metal ions such as Zn2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ cause no CHEF effect with DPP. The lack of a CHEF effect for Zn2+ relates to the inability of this small ion to contact all four donor atoms of DPP. The structures of [Cd(DPP)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Pb(DPP)(ClO4)2H2O] (2), and [Hg(DPP)(ClO4)2] (3) are reported. The Cd(II) in 1 is 8-c...
Theoretical studies of models of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers

The molecule 4-hydroxyphenyleneterephthalate (HPT) has been investigated using several computational techniques ranging from molecular mechanics to high quality ab initio techniques. This molecule represents a model for the repeat unit of a group of interesting liquid crystalline polymers: poly(substituted-p-phenyleneterephthalates). Our results indicate that the terephthalic part of the molecule is planar and rigid. The molecule is quite flexible, however, with respect to internal rotation around the C(phenyl)O ester bond. The preferred conformation is twisted, and conformations with dihedral angles of 90 ± 30° have almost the same energies. The barrier to internal rotation around the ester bonds is estimated to be 1.5–2.0 kcal mol−1. These conformational features are conserved for longer polymer chains. The HF/STO-3G results are in excellent agreement with the results obtained with the 6-31G∗∗ basis set, while the 3-21G basis set appear to predict an incorrect molecular conformation. Molecular mechanics results are in qualitative agreement with results obtained with accurate ab initio techniques.
Quantitative SERS-based detection using Ag–Fe3O4 nanocomposites with an internal reference

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is an excellent tool that provides information about the vibrational modes of molecules. However, quantitative analysis using SERS has remained a challenge largely because of the difficulty in reproducing the SERS substrates. We report a facile synthesis method of Ag–Fe3O4 nanocomposites that can be used as SERS substrates in solutions. Quantitative SERS measurements using the Ag–Fe3O4 nanocomposites are successfully demonstrated with 4-aminothiophenol and dopamine as analytes. The inclusion of an internal reference significantly improves the reliability and quality of quantification of the analytes. The scheme is versatile and has the potential for the detection of a wide range of analytes.
The toxicity of aluminum to aquatic species in the US.

In August 1988 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published an ambient water quality criteria document for the protection of aquatic organisms from the toxic effects of aluminum. The EPA water quality criteria were developed utilizing procedures described in theGuidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses, and after careful analysis of the latest toxicological information available to EPA on the adverse effects of aluminum on aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The EPA criteria recommend that the four-day average concentration of aluminum not exceed 87 μg L−1 more than once every three years on the average when the ambient pH is between 6.5 and 9.0 to provide protection from chronic toxicity. The criteria also recommend that the one-hour average concentration of aluminum not exceed 750 μg L−1 more than once every three years on the average when the ambient pH is between 6.5 and 9.0 to provide protection from acute toxicity. Acute toxicity data for 20 species of freshwater aquatic organisms and chronic toxicity data for five species of freshwater aquatic organisms were utilized to develop the EPA water quality criteria. Striped bass and brook trout were observed to be the two most sensitive North American species to the toxic effects of aluminum. Aluminum toxicity was also observed to be increased at lower pH.
Measures of Spectral Slope Using an Excised Larynx Model

Summary Spectral measures of the glottal source were investigated using an excised canine larynx (CL) model for various aerodynamic and phonatory conditions. These measures included spectral harmonic difference H1−H2 and spectral slope that are highly correlated with voice quality but not reported in a systematic manner using an excised larynx model. It was hypothesized that the acoustic spectra of the glottal source were significantly influenced by the subglottal pressure, glottal adduction, and vocal fold elongation, as well as the resulting vibration pattern. CLs were prepared, mounted on the bench with and without false vocal folds, and made to oscillate with a flow of heated and humidified air. Major control parameters were subglottal pressure, adduction, and elongation. Electroglottograph, subglottal pressure, flow rate, and audio signals were analyzed using custom software. Results suggest that an increase in subglottal pressure and glottal adduction may change the energy balance between harmonics by increasing the spectral energy of the first few harmonics in an unpredictable manner. It is suggested that changes in the dynamics of vocal fold motion may be responsible for different spectral patterns. The finding that the spectral harmonics do not conform to previous findings was demonstrated through various cases. Results of this study may shed light on phonatory spectral control when the larynx is part of a complete vocal tract system.
Supporting family conversations and children's STEM learning in a children's museum

Abstract This study tested the effectiveness of a facilitated educational program in a museum for promoting family conversations and children's learning about STEM. A sample of 130 families (71 European-American; 33 African-American; and 26 Hispanic-American) with children M age = 6.42 years were observed in a building construction exhibit. Prior to building, families were randomly assigned to conditions that varied in terms of the instructions about a key engineering principle and elaborative question-asking they received. Conversation instruction resulted in adults’ asking double the number of Wh -questions compared to families who did not receive the instruction. The building instruction was important in promoting increases in adults’ STEM-related talk during the building activity, as well as in the children's STEM talk when prompted for information about what they had learned. The effects of the instructions did not vary by families’ ethnic background. Implications for facilitating family conversations and children's learning related to STEM are discussed.
Professor Chisholm on supererogation and offence

2 In his recent book, Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965). In "Towards a Credible Form of Utilitarianism," an article appearing in G. Nakhnikian and Hector-Neri Castafieda, editors, Morality and the Language of Conduct (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1963). ' In this example, it will be assumed that my candidate has 40 supporters who will not be inconvenienced by voting and who will certainly vote for him, and 500 supporters who will be inconvenienced by voting but most of whom will still vote, and for him. The opponent has only 50 supporters, none of whom will be inconvenienced by voting. ' Lyons, Forms and Limits of Utilitarianism, p. 90. 'Ibid., p. 104. 'Ibid.,p. 100. 8 Ibid., p. 97. 9Ibid., p. 99. Ibid., p. 69. 1 "Towards a Credible Form of Utilitarianism," p. 121. 12Ibid., pp. 121-22.
Comments on Ronald Giere

Good expresses agreement that the controversy between Bayesian and non-Bayesian statistics is more fundamental than that between Carnap and Popper, and points out that his own position is a Bayes/non-Bayes compromise.
Carbon Particle Generation and Preliminary Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver Lab Scale Testing

High temperature central receivers are on the forefront of concentrating solar power research. Current receivers use liquid cooling and power steam cycles, but new receivers are being designed to power gas turbine engines within a power cycle while operating at a high efficiency. To address this, a lab-scale Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER), a high temperature solar receiver, was built and is currently undergoing testing at the San Diego State University’s (SDSU) Combustion and Solar Energy Laboratory. The final goal is to design, build, and test a full-scale SPHER that can absorb 5 MWth and eventually be used within a Brayton cycle.The SPHER utilizes air mixed with carbon particles generated in the Carbon Particle Generator (CPG) as an absorption medium for the concentrated solar flux. Natural gas and nitrogen are sent to the CPG where the natural gas undergoes pyrolysis to carbon particles and nitrogen is used as the carrier gas. The resulting particle-gas mixture flows out of the vessel and is met with dilution air, which flows to the SPHER.The lab-scale SPHER is an insulated steel vessel with a spherical cap quartz window. For simulating on-sun testing, a solar flux is produced by a solar simulator, which consists of a 15kWe xenon arc lamp, situated vertically, and an ellipsoidal reflector to obtain a focus at the plane of the receiver window. The solar simulator has been shown to produce an output of about 3.25 kWth within a 10 cm diameter aperture. Inside of the SPHER, the carbon particles in the inlet particle-gas mixture absorb radiation from the solar flux. The carbon particles heat the air and eventually oxidize to carbon dioxide, resulting in a clear outlet fluid stream.Since testing was initiated, there have been several changes to the system as we have learned more about the operation. A new extinction tube was designed and built to obtain more accurate mass loading data. Piping and insulation for the CPG and SPHER were improved based on observations between testing periods. The window flange and seal have been redesigned to incorporate window film cooling. These improvements have been made in order to achieve the lab scale SPHER design objective gas outlet flow of 650°C at 5 bar.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Upper semicontinuity of set-valued functions

Various types of upper semcontinuity properties for set-valued functions have been used in the past to obtain closure and lower closure theorems in optimal control theory as well as selection theorems and fixed-point theorems in topology. This paper unifies these various concepts by using semiclosure operators, extended topologies, and lattice theoretic operations and obtains general closure theorems. In addition, analytic criteria are given for this generalized upper semicontinuity. In particular, set-valued functions which are maximal in terms of certain properties (e.g., maximal monotone multifunctions) are shown to be necessarily upper semicontinuous.
Semi-classical Reissner-Nordstrom model for the structure of charged leptons

The lepton self-mass problem is examined within the framework of the quantum theory of electromagnetism and gravity. Consideration is given to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution to the Einstein-Maxwell classical field equations for an electrically charged mass point, and the WKB theory for a semiclassical system with total energy zero is used to obtain an expression for the Einstein-Maxwell action factor. The condition obtained is found to account for the observed mass values of the three charged leptons, and to be in agreement with the correspondence principle.
The electrocardiogram, ventricular gradient and spatial vectorcardiogram during the first week of life

Abstract One of the purposes of the present study was to determine the normal limits of magnitude and duration for various electrocardiographic deflections of infants less than one week of age. The magnitudes of the various deflections were presented in terms of the cumulative distribution curves as well as in terms of the standard deviation. The ventricular gradient and spatial vectorcardiograms for normal infants during the first week of life were also described.
Sputtering of Molecules From ZnS, CdS, and FeS2

An open question remains as to whether molecules form as a result of simultaneous ejection of neighboring atoms from a solid or because of a molecular band that exists in the solid metal target before sputtering. This was addressed by sputtering experiments using a binary target, where the constituents of the sputtered molecules may not occupy nearest neighbor sites in the crystal. A study was conducted on single crystals of three metal-sulfides with two different lattice structures, using laser post-ionization mass spectrometry to detect neutral sputtered species. The single crystals used for these experiments were synthetically grown CdS and ZnS with the Wurtzite structure, and natural FeS{sub 2} with the cubic structure. The FeS{sub 2} samples were ultrasonically cleaned with trichloroethane, acetone, and methanol before insertion in the uhv chamber. The latter two solvents were used to clean CdS and ZnS. In sputtering metal sulfides of different structures, sputtered molecules with constituents that do not have a bond in the solid were observed. In the case of the metal dimers, the sputtered atom exceeds in number the metal dimer, whereas S is predominantly sputtered as S{sub 2} from all three samples. The results presented in this paper also suggest thatmore » some form of recombination mechanism (inside or outside the solid) is responsible for formation of molecules. Our data also show that the sputtered molecules form a significant percentage of the sputtered species. Therefore, it is important for quantitative analyses to obtain an accurate measure of molecular sputtering yields. 20 refs., 3 figs. (DP)« less
Improving management effectiveness by training - the use of video techniques to assist self appraisal

Abstract A videotaped assessment center for middle management skills incorporating self appraisal into the feedback process can provide effective training at substantially lower cost than traditional assessment centers. This paper describes one such assessment program and elaborates on its advantages for middle manager development.
A garter snake transcriptome: pyrosequencing, de novo assembly, and sex-specific differences

Background The reptiles, characterized by both diversity and unique evolutionary adaptations, provide a comprehensive system for comparative studies of metabolism, physiology, and development. However, molecular resources for ectothermic reptiles are severely limited, hampering our ability to study the genetic basis for many evolutionarily important traits such as metabolic plasticity, extreme longevity, limblessness, venom, and freeze tolerance. Here we use massively parallel sequencing (454 GS-FLX Titanium) to generate a transcriptome of the western terrestrial garter snake (Thamnophis elegans) with two goals in mind. First, we develop a molecular resource for an ectothermic reptile; and second, we use these sex-specific transcriptomes to identify differences in the presence of expressed transcripts and potential genes of evolutionary interest.