cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retrofitted parallelism considered grossly sub-optimal

Maze solving has been used as an example parallel-programming problem for some years. Suggested solutions are often based on a sequential program, using work queues to allow multiple threads to explore different portions of the maze concurrently. This paper analyzes such an implementation, but also explores an alternative implementation based on strategies long used by human maze solvers. This alternative implementation outperforms the conventional approach on average, and furthermore exhibits large superlinear speedups. The paper uses insights into the cause of these superlinear speedups to derive a faster sequential algorithm, and finally considers further implications and future work.
Process Intensification Through Heat-Integrated Reactors for High-Temperature Millisecond Contact-Time Catalysis

Multifunctional reactor concepts can lead to significant process intensification by integrating more than one unit operation in one apparatus. Particularly heat-integrated reactor concepts have already found fairly wide-spread application in practice, typically for reactions where the adiabatic temperature rise does not allow auto-thermal reactor operation. In contrast to that, we demonstrate that heat-integrated reactor concepts are in fact ideally suited to the extreme conditions of auto-thermal high-temperature millisecond contact-time catalysis. We demonstrate that thermodynamic limitations in catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas as well as kinetic limitations in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene at high-temperature conditions can be overcome via regenerative heat-integration in a reverse-flow reactor. Strong improvements in product yields in comparison to conventionally operated fixed bed reactors are obtained while maintaining the compactness of the short contact-time reactor and keeping the process independent of external heat sources. Overall, the application of heat-integrated reactors to high-temperature catalysis opens to strongly intensified processes.
Peripheral vascular complications of directional coronary atherectomy and stenting: Predictors, management, and outcome

Abstract The hospital course of 688 patients consecutively treated with directional coronary atherectomy (375 procedures) or Palmaz-Schatz stenting (376 procedures) was evaluated to identify incidence, predictors, and outcome of major vascular complications. Major vascular complications (defined as surgical repair, major hematoma, or bleeding with a >10-point hematocrit decrease requiring transfusion alone, or nonsurgically managed arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, retroperitoneal hematoma or femoral neuropathy) occurred in 11.7% of procedures, and were more common after stenting than after directional coronary atherectomy (16.8% vs 6.7%, p 70 years, coronary stenting, female gender, multiple procedures during the index hospitalization, and a low nadir platelet count as independent predictors of major vascular complications (all p
A temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutant of the BHK cell line.

A temperature-sensitive growth mutant derived from the BHK 21 cell Line, ts AF8, was found to have greatly reduced DNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature. This reduction is mainly due to a decrease in the frequency of cells synthesizing DNA. Upon shift up, ts AF8 becomes blocked in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The cells acquire elevated cAMP levels and a unimodal distribution of DNA content, equivalent to that of G1 cells at the permissive temperature, Ts AF8 cells blocked at the G1/S boundary with hydroxyurea will enter S when shifted to the nonpermissive temperature. On the other hand, ts AF8 cells arrested m G1 by serum deprivation and shifted to the nonpermissive temperature at the moment of serum addition do not enter S, while those synchronized by isoleucine deprivation and shifted at the time of isoleucine addition will enter S. These data suggest that the cycle arrest point of the ts AF8 mutation is located in G1 between the blocks induced by serum starvation and isoleucine deprivation. The reduction in DNA synthesis caused by the ts AF8 mutation is not reversed by infection or transformation with Polyoma virus. Mitochondrial DNA continues to be synthesized at wild-type levels at the nonpermissive temperature.
Ranges of Operators of Monotone Type in Banach Space

Abstract Let X be a reflexive Banach space with both X and X* locally uniformly convex. Let G ⊂ X be open, bounded, and convex, and T: Ḡ → X* an operator of monotone type. By degree theory of operators of type (S+), certain range properties of T are established. The results are applied to the study of existence of a zero of T under various boundary conditions.
HEAT CONDUCTION IN ELLIPTICAL CYLINDERS AND CYLINDRICAL SHELLS

Solutions are obtained, by means of the Galerkin method, used together with the Laplace transform, for the transient temperature distribution in an elliptical domain and a cylindrical shell. A one-term and a three-term approximation are employed for the ellipse and a oneterm approximation for the cylindrical shell. The problem of heating of a shell casing caused by the burning of a solid fuel is considered for the cases of both nonsymmetrical radial burning and end burning. Results are given for the symmetrical case to compare with the available published finite-difference results. The comparison is quite favorable.
The White Savior Film and Reviewers' Reception

This article documents the collective interpretations of film reviewers, a position typically associated with individual aesthetic judgment rather than socially shared scripts of explanation. Drawing on the reviews of a feature film with implicit racial content, produced in the context of a supposedly “color-blind” era, this article documents how reviewers constitute a racialized interpretive community. Reviewers rely on specific cultural frameworks to both contest and reproduce the notion of a “post-racial” society. These interpretations equate nonwhites with pathological and dysfunctional traits, frame hard work as a white normative characteristic, and construct deterministic views of both Hollywood's ability to represent progressive racial representations and the educational system's potential. This analysis illustrates how film reviews operate as mediating voices between producer and consumer, and in so doing, the interpretations of the film serve as “common-sensed” mappings of the contested terrain of contemporary race relations.
Summary of nist/doe workshop: Phase diagrams for highTcSuperconductors

Abstract On June 2–4, 1993, a workshop on Phase Diagrams for High T c Superconductors was held at the Picacho Plaza Hotel Hotel in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The purpose of this workshop was to allow workers in this field to present the most up-to-date picture of phase diagrams and related data in chemical systems important for the processing and application of high T c superconductors. In addition to phase equilibria information, a number of attendees presented recently obtained data on the newly discovered Hg containing superconductors which have reported T c 's as high as 133 K. This summary is divided into sections, each section dealing with a particular superconducting system. The final section consists of suggested priorities for future phase equilibria studies reached by consensus of the attendees.
The Use of OLUMV Estimators in Inference Robustness Studies of the Location Parameter of a Class of Symmetric Distributions

Abstract Coefficients for computing ordered linear unbiased minimum variance (OLUMV) estimators of the location and scale parameters have been obtained for selected members of a class of symmetric power distributions which includes the normal, double exponential, and as a limiting case, the rectangular. Two examples are given illustrating how these coefficients may be used to study the sensitivity of inferences concerning location parameters to departure from normality. The first example involves a single location parameter while the second extends the method to linear contrasts of several location parameters. Other uses of the coefficients are indicated, and a comparison of the efficiencies of the OLUMV estimators with several commonly used estimators of location is given.
Creating safer work environments with toxicogenomics research: worker protection, consultation and consent

The continued advance towards individualized medicine in pharmacology has generated thoughtful discussion about equal access to new therapies, the social construction of race, informed consent and intellectual property rights [1,2]. There are comparable, but less well known issues regarding the ethical, legal and social implications of toxicogenomics research. While a number of these issues are similar to those in pharmacogenomics, some are distinctive to toxicogenomics as they relate to gene–environment interactions and individual susceptibility [3–5]. In the area of occupational health, the ethical issues are particularly difficult to untangle as they lie at the intersection of labor markets, regulation, privacy and rights at work. Early efforts to use the findings of this research have only reinforced skepticism among occupational safety and health advocates about the benefits of toxicogenomics research and the likelihood that new advances will be used to improve workplace conditions and not as a basis to remove hypersusceptible individuals from the workplace. There is cause for skepticism. In the absence of job and wage protection, advances in toxicogenomics research will shift the responsibility for occupational health and safety from organizations to individuals. For this reason, only when job and income protections are in place should workers be encouraged to participate in toxicogenomics research in occupational safety and health.
Role of Altered Sialylation of the I-Like Domain of β1 Integrin in the Binding of Fibronectin to β1 Integrin: Thermodynamics and Conformational Analyses

N-glycosylation of the I-like domain of β1 integrin plays an essential role in integrin structure and function, and the altered sialylation of β1 integrin regulates β1 integrin binding to fibronectin. However, the structural basis underlying the effect of altered sialylation of the β1 I-like domain on β1 integrin binding to fibronectin remains largely unknown. In this study, we used a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analyses to investigate changes in binding thermodynamics and in conformation of the glycosylated β1 I-like domain-FN-III9-10 complex caused by altered sialylation of the β1 I-like domain. Binding free energy analyses showed that desialylation of β1 I-like domain increased β1 integrin binding to fibronectin, consistent with experimental results. Interaction analyses showed that altered sialylation of the β1 I-like domain resulted in significant changes in the interaction of the N-glycans of the I-like domain with both the I-like domain and fibronectin, and these changes could directly affect the allosteric regulation of the interaction between the I-like domain and fibronectin. Altered sialylation of the β1 I-like domain caused significant conformational changes in key functional sites of both the β1 I-like domain and fibronectin. In addition, altered sialylation of the β1 I-like domain resulted in changes in the degree of correlated motions between residues in the I-like domain and residues in fibronectin, and in the degree of motion changes in fibronectin, which could affect β1 integrin binding to fibronectin. We believe results from this study provide thermodynamic and structural evidence for a role of altered sialylation of β1 integrin in regulating β1 integrin binding to fibronectin and it's induced cellular activities.
EVIDENCE FOR FILM-INDUCED CLEAVAGE IN RHODIUM PLATED NICKEL

R. E. Ricker, J. L. Fink, J. S. Harris, and A. J. ShapiroMetallurgy DivisionNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyU.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology AdministrationGaithersburg, MD 20899Introduction Transgranular stress corrosion cracking (T-SCC) is a form of environmentally induced subcritical crackgrowth which produces fracture surfaces that are cleavage-like in appearance. These fracture surfaces resemblecleavage because: propagation occurs on flat crystallographic facets, steps or ledges exist between the flat facetsforming river patterns, these facets and ledges match precisely on opposite sides of the fracture, andundercutting occurs at the ledges in the fracture surface. A variety of different mechanisms have been proposedto explain this form of crack growth, but no one mechanism is universally accepted. In general, the mechanismsthat have been proposed can be classified in two groups based on whether they assume that dissolution ormechanical fracture is responsible for crack growth.A dissolution mechanism for T-SCC needs to explain why dissolution is localized to the crack tip, why thefracture surfaces generated resemble cleavage and why opposite sides of the fracture surface match precisely (1).Even with these difficulties, dissolution based mechanisms attracted a number of advocates until Bertocci et al.(2) demonstrated that T-SCC cracks can propagate in a 70-30 α-brass exposed to a solution where Cu metal is inequilibrium with Cu
Distance Dependence of Electron Transfer along Artificial β-Strands at 298 and 77 K

Photoinduced electron-transfer rate constants were measured for a series of binuclear metallopeptides consisting of a [Ru(bpy)2(cmbpy)]2+ electron donor tethered to a CoIII(NH3)5 electron acceptor ...
The Role of Colleagues in the Evaluation of College Teaching.

The role of faculty colleagues in the evaluation of col lege teaching has yet to be defined adequately: national studies of evaluative information on teaching (3, 23,37) have shown trends of diminishing faculty involve ment. The percentage of colleges and universities using col league opinions, classroom visits, examination of course syllabi, and student achievement measures has decreased over the years. On the other hand, there has been a drama tic increase in the use of student ratings. Although in the
Fatty acid analysis of prehistoric burned rocks: a case study from central California

Abstract Although lipid analysis of archaeological residues has been utilized for almost three decades, it has rarely been applied to archaeological materials other than pottery. A 2001 study used lipid analysis of burned rocks (sandstone) and ground stone tools to interpret subsistence change at a south Texas site (M.J. Quigg, M.E. Malainey, R. Przybylski, G. Monks, No bones about it: using lipid analysis of burned rock and groundstone residues to examine Late Archaic subsistence practices in South Texas, Plains Anthropologist 46 (2001) 283–303). If such applications are reliable, insight into past subsistence practices could be greatly enhanced. The following study tested whether measurable amounts of lipids could be extracted from burned rocks (andesite) from a central California site and the ability of fatty acid analysis to reliably interpret those extracts. While results indicate that some of the burned rocks may contain lipids absorbed from cooking activities, lipids were also recovered from off-site rocks. Before reliable interpretations of culturally introduced lipids can be made, more thorough study of the types and amounts of lipids present in rocks due to natural processes is necessary.
Hybrid Variability and Effect of Growth Location on Corn Fiber Yields and Corn Fiber Oil Composition

ABSTRACT The variability in commercial corn hybrids for corn fiber yields, amounts of extractable oil, and levels of individual and total phytosterol components in corn fiber oil was determined. Also, the effect of growth location on fiber yields, fiber oil content, and the levels of individual and total phytosterol compounds was determined. Significant variation was observed in the commercial hybrids for fiber yield (13.2–16.6%) and fiber oil yield (0.9–2.4%). No significant correlation was observed between fiber and oil yields. Significant variations in the commercial corn hybrids were also observed in the individual phytosterol compounds in corn fiber oil: 2.9–9.2% for ferulate phytosterol esters (FPE); 1.9–4.3% for free phytosterols (St); and 6.5–9.5% for phytosterol fatty acyl esters (St:E). Positive correlations were observed among the three phytosterol compounds in the corn fiber oil (R = 0.75 for FPE and St:E; 0.48 for St:E and St; and 0.68 for FPE and St). The effect of location on dependent vari...
Improving personalized clinical risk prediction based on causality-based association rules

Developing clinical risk prediction models is one of the main tasks of healthcare data mining. Advanced data collection techniques in current Big Data era have created an emerging and urgent need for scalable, computer-based data mining methods. These methods can turn data into useful, personalized decision support knowledge in a flexible, cost-effective, and productive way. In our previous study, we developed a tool, called icuARM-II, that can generate personalized clinical risk prediction evidence using a temporal rule mining framework. However, the generation of final risk prediction possibility with icuARM-II still relied on human interpretation, which was subjective and, most of time, biased. In this study, we propose a new mechanism to improve icuARM-II's rule selection by including the concept of causal analysis. The generated risk prediction is quantitatively assessed using calibration statistics. To evaluate the performance of the new rule selection mechanism, we conducted a case study to predict short-term intensive care unit mortality based on personalized lab testing abnormalities. Our results demonstrated a better-calibrated ICU risk prediction using the new causality-base rule selection solution by comparing with conventional confidence-only rule selection methods.
Wisconsin's system for funding mental health services

Fiscal and organizational control can create incentives for developing community-based services for chronically mentally ill people.
Nutrition Services Provided at Colleges and Universities Throughout the United States

Abstract At the present time, colleges and universities are pressured to provide nutrition services to meet student needs. The objective of this research was to identify various nutrition services currently being provided by universities. A randomized sample of 599 college/university personnel, who were members of The National Association of College and University Food Services (NACUFS), were surveyed to determine nutrition services provided. The research instrument consisted of 21 questions concerning respondent background, characteristics of the college/university, and scope of nutrition services provided. Response rate was 38%; 228 instruments were returned/analyzed. Most respondents were Foodservice Directors/Assistant Directors (70%) with≥8 years in their present position (51%) at colleges/universities with enrollments>10,000 students (53%). Respondents typically supervised>16 FTE's (76%) in facilities managed in-house (84%), through a contract company (20%), and/or through privatization (10%). Only 42% of respondents reported a Registered Dietitian employed within their department. The following nutrition services were identified by respondents as currently being provided: healthy eating information (87%), weight management (74%), nutrition counseling for athletes (63%), and counseling for medically prescribed diets (60%). Few universities reported nutrition counseling for pregnancy (16%), the physically challenged (18%), or nutrition support (enteral/parenteral) (14%). Only two percent of respondents reported charging fees for nutrition services. Annual revenue from fees ranged from $20,000 (25%). In addition, only 12% of respondents indicated nutrition counseling services available via Internet. It may be concluded that although many colleges and universities may offer limited nutrition services, most are ill-prepared to provide sufficient nutrition services to meet student needs. By offering a greater variety of services, investigating innovative methods of counseling service delivery (Internet/on-line counseling), as well as exploring emerging frontiers in technology, Registered Dietitians on college campuses can enhance/expand both existing and future nutrition services provided.
Monochromatic and random wave breaking at blocking points

[1] In this paper we study the energy dissipation due to current-limited wave breaking in monochromatic and random waves with the help of experimental tests. The opposing currents are strong enough for wave blocking to occur. A modified bore model is used to simulate the dissipation rate in the monochromatic waves, and an empirical bulk dissipation formula for wave breaking in random waves is proposed. The effects of wave blocking on the dynamics of the wave field are also discussed. INDEX TERMS: 4546 Oceanography: Physical: Nearshore processes; 4560 Oceanography: Physical: Surface waves and tides (1255); 4512 Oceanography: Physical: Currents; 4528 Oceanography: Physical: Fronts and jets; KEYWORDS: wave-current interaction, wave breaking, wave action conservation, nonlinear dispersion, inlets
Choroidal neovascularization associated with aplasia of the optic nerve

Abstract PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of unilateral aplasia of the optic nerve associated with choroidal neovascularization. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: In a 29-year-old female with optic nerve aplasia of the right eye and no choroidal neovascularization at age 23 years, choroidal neovascularization of the right eye was present by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS: Fluorescein angiography disclosed de novo choroidal neovascularization corresponding to fibrovascular proliferation evident on ophthalmoscopy at age 29 years. CONCLUSION: Choroidal neovascularization may develop de novo during adult life in an eye with optic nerve aplasia.
Collaboration across Multiple Organizational Cultures.

More than ever before, workplace professionals are facing the challenge of collaborating regularly and effectively with those situated in social contexts quite different from their own. Yet, knowledge of the rhetorical processes and social dimensions characterizing this type of collaboration remains scant and inadequate. This essay takes the stance that if rhetoricians hope to make significant strides forward in understanding writing that takes place both within and external to a single workplace culture, they will need to develop a much more expansive, complex, and sophisticated vision of collaboration across multiple organizational cultures. It suggests how, to accomplish this goal, rhetoricians might build on the strengths and overcome the limitations of past scholarship in organizational and related studies and in rhetoric, and it introduces new directions these scholars might take and new questions they might explore in future investigations in this area of inquiry.
Increased serum IgG1 levels and reduced numbers of B-1 B cells in DBA/2J mice

B-cell heterogeneity studies have historically focused upon BALB/c mice and their derivatives. In contrast, the B cells of DBA/2J mice, a prototype strain for the study of the endogenous minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls) viral superantigen Mls-1a, have not been extensively investigated. DBA/2J B cells, by functioning as Mls-1a antigen-presenting cells, influence their own differentiation and diversity by inducing the proliferation and differentiation of specific CD4 T-cell subsets. In this report, the B cells of DBA/2J and BALB/c mice were compared for their ability to restore B-cell function in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) recipients. Although spleen and bone marrow cells from these strains exhibited similar restoration of serum IgM production, the transfer of DBA/2J B cells into SCID mice led to greater IgG1 production. The peritoneal cells of DBA/2J mice consisted of a lower percentage of B-1 B cells and were less capable of restoring B-cell function after transfer into SCID recipients. These differences are discussed with respect to the possible role of viral superantigens in influencing B-lymphocyte diversity.
Ionization energy of acceptors in As-doped HgCdTe grown by molecular beam epitaxy

The p-type activation of arsenic (As) in (211)B mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), with different compositions covering the 3–5 and 8–14 μm atmospheric transmission windows and after annealing at 300 °C is reported. The composition and thickness of the MBE layers were determined from Fourier transform infrared transmission measurements at room temperature. The ionization energies of shallow acceptors related to As in MBE HgCdTe layers with different Cd compositions have been obtained by fitting variable temperature Hall measurement results to a two-band nonparabolic Kane model. The results indicate that As incorporated during the MBE growth can be activated to provide a shallow acceptor level in MBE HgCdTe and the ionization energy of the As acceptor decreases with decreasing Cd composition, in agreement with the theory.
Therapeutic community dropouts: criminal behavior five years after treatment.

Two hundred and two male dropouts, mainly heroin abusers averaging 3 to 6 years out of treatment, were sampled from the 1970-1971 Phoenix House admissions by race and time in program ( 2 years). Criminal justice arrest records were compared between three pre- and all posttreatment years. Percent and rate of arrest declined significantly in followup. Magnitude of reductions was uniform across race and legal status, varied by age, but increased systematically by time in program. Results replicated and extended earlier findings, confirming long-term positive change in criminal behavior associated with length of stay in the therapeutic community.
Conversion to neoral for neurotoxicity after primary adult liver transplantation under tacrolimus.

Background. Neurological complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) have remained a major concern in a small proportion of patients. The etiology of these complications is often thought to be multifactorial : the influence of calcineurin inhibitors is occasionally thought to play an important role. When neurotoxicity occurs after OLTX under tacrolimus, it is usually a minor complication and responds readily to a reduction in the dosage of or a temporary withdrawal of tacrolimus. However, neurotoxic complications occasionally do not respond to this conventional process. Neoral is a microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine. It has more consistent pharmacokinetic parameters and improved bioavailability when compared with conventional cyclosporine. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the role of Neoral in OLTX recipients with neurotoxic complication who failed to respond to a reduction in the dosage of tacrolimus. Method. Between August 1995 and November 1997, 330 adults (age >18 years) received primary OLTX under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression (mean age 52.6±11.4 years). There were 190 men and 140 women. Twenty-three (7%) patients (mean age 53.2±11.8 years; 17 men, 6 women) were converted to Neoral (mean 35±41 days after OLTX). These patients were followed until June 1998 (mean follow-up 22.7±7.8 months). Results. Four (17.4%) patients died during the follow-up period, and two patients underwent retransplantation. Neurological symptoms improved in all patients who survived. Adequate trough concentrations were achieved in all patients with p.o. Neoral. Nine (39%) patients experienced rejection episodes after conversion. Six (26.1%) patients were converted back to tacrolimus because of ongoing rejection (n=3), re= transplantation (n=2), or persistent nausea and vomiting (n=1) without recurrence of the original neurological complication. Conclusion. Neurological complications after OLTX disorders that occur under tacrolimus and that fail to respond to a reduction in the dosage can be treated safely by conversion to Neoral. However, the rate of rejection is up to 39%, and patients can often be converted back to tacrolimus without recurrence of the original neurological complication.
Angular Distributions and Excitation Curves for the B 10 ( d , p ) B 11 and the B 10 ( d , n ) and B 11 ( d , n ) Reactions below 2-Mev Bombarding Energy

Protons from the ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}(d, p){\mathrm{B}}^{11}$ reaction and neutrons from the ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}(d, n)$ and ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}(d, n)$ reactions were counted for deuteron bombarding energies below 2 Mev. Angular distributions were measured at several bombarding energies. The angular distributions suggest that the stripping process plays an important part in the reaction. As might then be expected, no narrow resonances were observed in the excitation functions.
Enterococcal Bacteremia: Analysis of 75 Episodes

Seventy-five cases of enterococcal bacteremia were analyzed retrospectively. Most patients had serious underlying disease and blood cultures became positive on an average of 27 days after admission. Polymicrobial bacteremia occurred in one-third of the patients. Twenty-two (30%) of the patients died during hospitalization; nine of these deaths were directly due to enterococcal bacteremia. Metastatic infections occurred in seven patients, including five with endocarditis. More than 40% of the patients were receiving antibiotic therapy at the time of bacteremia; cephalosporins were being administered to 56% of these. Thirty-eight patients were treated with two antibiotics. The commonest regimen was ampicillin and gentamicin; 90% of these patients responded. Eighteen patients were treated with only one antibiotic; 89% of these patients responded. Nineteen patients received no antibiotic therapy; the majority of these patients responded despite lack of therapy. Two-drug regimens are not always required for the treatment of enterococcal bacteremia, and treatment must be tailored to the particular clinical situation.
Gallstone pancreatitis: why not cholecystectomy?

Hwang and colleagues1 offer an interesting look into the management of gallstone pancreatitis through the lens of an integrated health care system, Kaiser Permanente Southern California. The Kaiser system (compared with other insurance plans or hospitals) offers a unique opportunity to study this issue. They have a largely closed system offering synchronized care among various health care providers, and fewer patients move in and out of their umbrella of care. Thus, the article by Hwang et al is an important addition to the current literature suggesting that the recurrence of gallstone pancreatitis is all too common.2 Their data also suggest that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during the index admission in patients who do not undergo cholecystectomy may be beneficial in preventing recurrent disease. In their cohort of 1119 patients who did not undergo cholecystectomy, 14.6% developed recurrent gallstone pancreatitis and 11.0% developed other issues related to gallstone disease. In patients who underwent ERCP, there was a 50% reduction in recurrent gallstone pancreatitis. Nonetheless, the risk of recurrence after ERCP remains elevated when compared with patients who underwent cholecystectomy (8.2% vs 5.4%, respectively). Accordingly, we agree with the authors that ERCP for the “definitive” management of gallstone pancreatitis3 should still be reserved for patients with a strong contraindication to surgery. This article also highlightswhatwe view as an even bigger problem: the significant proportion of patients (nearly 40% in thisstudy)whostilldonotundergocholecystectomyduringthe index hospitalization, including 20%who never go on to cholecystectomy. This problem is surely not unique to the Kaiser Permanente system,but rather ispervasive (andmaybeworse) throughout most hospitals. We fear that although some patientsdonotproceed to cholecystectomyowing to clinical factorsorpersonalpreference, in toomanycases theobstaclemay simply be convenience or the packed operating room schedule.Evenintervalcholecystectomyfollowingmildgallstonepancreatitis is associatedwith higher rates of recurrence and thus readmission.4 Inan increasinglycost-consciousandoutcomesdrivenhealth care environment, the importanceof thesemanagement decisions cannot be overlooked. Moreover, recent literature5has suggested thateven the inhospital “cooling-off”period isunnecessary.Patientswithmild gallstone pancreatitis can, in fact, safely undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomywithin24 to48hours regardlessof the resolution of abdominal pain or abnormal laboratory findings.Endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatographyshould infrequently enter the algorithm for the management of mild gallstone pancreatitis: in patientswith concomitant cholangitis, theuncommon retained stone, or extensive comorbidities precluding surgery. Evidence-based practice for the managementofmildgallstonepancreatitismust includeearly involvement of the surgeon leading to timely cholecystectomy.
Star Polymer Synthesis Using Hexafluoropropylene Oxide as an Efficient Multifunctional Coupling Agent

Well-defined polyisoprene three-armed star polymers (PI3) were synthesized through a combination of living anionic polymerization and an efficient coupling process using hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO). Anionic polymerization of isoprene followed by termination with HFPO yielded three-armed stars with narrow molecular weight distributions. Under optimized conditions, at least 97% of the chains can be coupled. Molecular characterization of the star polymers (SEC, NMR and IR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry) gave data consistent with the star structure and proposed mechanism of formation. The effects of HFPO concentration and the molecular weight of the arm precursors on the extent of star polymer formation were investigated. End-functionalized polyisoprene stars were also prepared and have potential application as trifunctional precursors to branched block copolymers.
Simulating water table response to proposed changes in surface water management in the C-111 agricultural basin of south Florida

Abstract As part of an effort to restore the hydrology of Everglades National Park (ENP), incremental raises in canal stage are proposed along a major canal draining south Florida called C-111, which separates ENP from agricultural lands. The study purpose was to use monitoring and modeling to investigate the effect of the proposed incremental raises in canal stage on water table elevation in agricultural lands. The objectives were to: (1) develop a MODFLOW based model for simulating groundwater flow within the study area, (2) apply the developed model to determine if the proposed changes in canal stage result in significant changes in water table elevation, root zone saturation or groundwater flooding and (3) assess aquifer response to large rainfall events. Results indicate the developed model was able to reproduce measured water table elevation with an average Nash–Sutcliffe >0.9 and Root Mean Square Error 2 year return period storm), reduced water table intrusion into the root zone. We conclude that the impact of operational changes in canal stage management on root zone saturation and groundwater flooding depended on micro-topography within the field and depth of storm events. The findings of this study can be used in fine tuning canal stage operations to minimize root zone saturation and groundwater flooding of agricultural fields while maximizing environmental benefits through increased water flow in the natural wetland areas. This study also highlights the benefit of detailed field scale simulations.
Effects of 5-Flurouracil on Human Bronchogenic Carcinoma Grown in Hamster Cheek Pouch.∗

Summary5-flurouracil at dosage level of 50-60 mg/kg/day produced a marked tumor inhibitory effect on human bronchogenic carcinoma grown in the hamster cheek pouch but was very toxic to the host. A dose of 25-30 mg/kg/day had no apparent effect on either tumor or host.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Nuclear Gene Encoding the α-Subunit of the Mammalian Mitochondrial F1F0 ATP Synthase Complex: Role for the Orphan Nuclear Receptor, COUP-TFII/ARP-1†

Our laboratory has been studying the transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene (ATPA) that encodes the α-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase complex. We have previously determined that the regulatory factor, upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2), can stimulate transcription of the ATPA gene through the cis-acting regulatory element 1 in the upstream promoter of this gene. In this study, we used the yeast one-hybrid screening method to identify another factor, COUP-TFII/ARP-1, which also binds to the ATPA cis-acting regulatory element 1. Binding of the orphan nuclear receptor, COUP-TFII/ARP-1, to the ATPA regulatory element 1 was confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift experiments, and COUP-TFII/ARP-1-containing complexes were detected in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. A mutational analysis indicated that the binding site for COUP-TFII/ARP-1 in the ATPA regulatory element 1 is an imperfect direct repeat of a nuclear receptor response element (A/GGGTCA) with a spacer of three nu...
Martian rampart crater ejecta - Experiments and analysis of melt-water interaction

The possible effects of explosive water vaporization on ejecta emplacement after impact into a wet target are described. A general model is formulated from analysis of Viking imagery of Mars and experimental vapor explosions as well as consideration of fluidized particulate transport and lobate volcanic deposits. The discussed model contends that as target water content increases, the effects of vapor expansion due to impact increasingly modify the ballistic flow field during crater excavation. This modification results in transport by gravity-driven surface flowage, and is similar to that of atmospheric drag effects on ejecta modelled by Schultz and Gault (1979).
Growth and Characterization of Indium Oxide, Zinc Oxide and Cadmium Sulfide Nanowires by Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth Technique

In this study, the growth of three important semiconductor nanowires, Zinc Oxide, Indium Oxide and Cadmium Sulfide nanowires using the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) method has been investigated. Different growth recipes with different growth parameters were incorporated to synthesize high quality and long NWs. It attempts to provide precise growth recipes which lead to high quality of nanowires. The effect of different growth conditions such as growth temperature, carrier gas flow, presence of metal catalyst and growth time has been investigated. Also, to evaluate the crystal quality of the nanowires, photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the as grown nanowires were investigated.
Maximum Gain and Efficiency of Adaptive Optics Systems

A definition is given for the efficiency of an adaptive optics (AO) system. An expression is derived that allows the efficiency of an AO system to be simply estimated. Estimates are derived for the efficiency of several AO systems currently used in astronomy. The advantages of building high‐efficiency systems are emphasized.
N = 8 supergravity in various dimensions and the implications for four dimensions

Abstract The possibilities for constructing new spontaneously broken N = 8 supergravity theories in four dimensions by applying the generalized dimensional reduction method to symmetrical theories in higher dimensions are explored.
CPATH τεχνη evaluation: background, experiment design and current status

This paper describes the design and implementation of Level 2 and Level 3 evaluation procedures for the NSF CPATH τeχνη project. Issues addressed include background, mandated evaluation parameters, cohort identification and selection, experiment design, instruments and evaluation timetables. Preliminary results of a 'dry run' in the Fall 2008 semester are shown. Future efforts are indicated.
The Concept of Wave Overreflection and Its Application to Baroclinic Instability

The paper reviews the concept of wave overreflection and its application to baroclinic instability. The instabilities associated with overreflection are likely to be identical to critical layer instabilities; the baroclinic instability is examined in terms of overreflection of vertically propagating Rossby waves which leads to rapid estimates of growth rates and phase speeds of unstable modes for arbitrary distributions of zonal velocities in models with and without lids. It was found that Charney and Green modes are essentially critical-layer instabilities and that baroclinic instability can be eliminated by stretching the transition region from zero shear at the ground to the interior shear. Finally, it is shown that the potential vorticity flux of baroclinically unstable modes is confined to a layer between the ground and the neighborhood of the steering level.
Direct practice with substance abusing mothers in the child welfare system: A system perspective

Abstract This paper explores the needs and related issues of substance abusing mothers in the child welfare system. Using a framework and through literature review, issues at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels are pinpointed. Six guidelines, incorporating these identified issues, are developed to help practitioners better engage and more effectively work with their clients: (1) treating mothers and children as one unit, (2) providing gender, mother role, and cultural sensitive practice, (3) offering life‐skills training, (4) mobilizing old and facilitating new, nonusing support systems, (5) devising safety plans for children, and (6) organizing an interdisciplinary team and assuming the leadership.
Ultra-broadband sum-frequency vibrational spectrometer of aqueous interfaces based on a non-collinear optical parametric amplifier.

We describe an ultrabroadband IR-visible sum-frequency (SF) setup that allows simultaneous acquisition of the entire vibrational spectrum of water molecules at mineral surfaces in the OH stretching region without ever tuning the IR laser pulses. Our newly developed 800-nm pumped noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) generates broadband mid-IR pulses (~1800-3500 nm, or ~2900 – 6000 cm−1) with bandwidths >600 cm−1 at half-maximum at near 3500 cm−1. Using the ultra-broadband IR NOPA, we constructed a sum-frequency vibrational spectrometer that allowed the acquisition of spectra of the OH stretches of water at hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica surfaces, over the frequency range ~2900 – 3800 cm−1, within 60 s, much shorter than with scanning SFG spectrometers. The ultra-broadband SFG spectrometer reported here can be potentially applied to time-resolved measurements of kinetics at interfaces.
Fever and Progressive Respiratory Failure in Three Elderly Family Members

(CHEST 2005; 128:1863–1867) A 65-year-old white woman with a history of COPD presents with a chief complaint of nonproductive cough and dyspnea for 3 days in February 2002. She complains of fevers, chills, dizziness, and profound weakness leading to a “fall” where she could not “get herself off the floor.” She has lost 20 lb in the past 3 months. Her medical history is notable for COPD, recurrent upper respiratory infections since the age of 14, chronic fatigue syndrome, and essential tremor. She has a family history of hereditary hemorraghic telangectasia. She lives with her mother and sister. Her medications are albuterol inhaler and theophylline. Two days prior to hospital admission, the patient’s sister (age 64 years) was admitted with acute onset of dyspnea, fever, and chills; and 1 day prior to hospital admission, her mother (age 86 years) was admitted with cough, lethargy, fever (39°C), and wheezing.
3D Face Recognition Using Two Views Face Modeling and Labeling

The ability to distinguish different people by using 3D facial information is an active research problem being undertaken by the face recognition community. In this paper, we propose to use a generic model to label the 3D facial features. This approach relies on our realistic face modeling technique, by which the individual face model is created using a generic model and two views of a face. In the individualized model, we label the face features by their maximum and minimum curvatures. Among the labeled features, the "good features" are selected by using a Genetic Algorithm based approach. The feature space is then formed by using these new 3D shape descriptors, and each individual face is classified according to its feature space correlation. We applied 72 individual models for the test. The experimental results show that the shape information obtained from the 3D individualized model can be used to classify and identify individual facial surfaces. The rank-four correct recognition rate is about 92%. The 3D individualized model provides consistent and sufficient details to represent individual faces while using a much more simpli?ed representation than the range data models. This work provides the possibility to reduce the complexity of 3D data processing, and is feasible for real applications such as in a non-cooperative imaging circumstance or in the situation when range data using 3D scanners are not possible to acquire.
CAMA: A Multi-Valued Satisfiability Solver

This paper presents the multi-valued SAT solver CAMA. CAMA generalizes the recently developed speed-up techniques used in state-of-the-art binary SAT solvers, such as the two-literal-watching scheme for Boolean constraint propagation (BCP), conflict-based learning with identifying the first unique implication point (UIP), and non-chronological back-tracking. In addition, a novel minimum value set (MVS) technique is introduced for improving the efficiency of conflict-based learning. By analyzing the conflict clauses, MVS can potentially prune conflicting space that has not been searched before. Two different decision heuristics are discussed and evaluated. Finally the performance of CAMA is compared with Chaff using on a one-hot-encoding scheme. The experimental results show that, for MV-SAT problems with large variable domains, CAMA outperforms Chaff.
Oxidative Metabolism Modulates Signal Transduction and Micronucleus Formation in Bystander Cells from α-Particle-irradiated Normal Human Fibroblast Cultures

The role of oxidative metabolism in the up-regulation/activation of stress-induciblesignaling pathways as well as induction of micronucleus formation in bystander cells was investigated. By immunoblotting and in situ immunofluorescence, active Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and active catalase enzyme were shown to inhibit the up-regulation of p21(Waf1) as well as the induction of micronucleus formation in bystander cells from confluent cultures of normal human diploid fibroblasts irradiated with 0.3-3 cGy of alpha-particles. Enzyme activity assays indicated that exogenous SOD became significantly associated with the cells. Reactive oxygen species apparently derived from a flavin-containing oxidase enzyme [presumably an NAD(P)H-oxidase] appeared to be major contributors to the bystander-induced up-regulation of p53 and p21(Waf1) as well as micronucleus formation, as evidenced by the inhibition of these effects with diphenyliodonium. Rapid activation of nuclear factor kappaB, Raf-1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and their downstream effectors activator protein 1, ELK-1, p90RSK, and activating transcription factor 2 was also observed in cultures exposed to very low fluences of alpha-particles. Significant attenuation in the activation of these kinases and transcription factors occurred in irradiated cultures treated with either SOD or catalase. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide produced by flavin-containing oxidase enzymes mediate the activation of several stress-inducible signaling pathways as well as micronucleus formation in bystander cells from cultures of human cells exposed to low fluences of alpha-particles.