cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Era of the Talkies

Between 1927 and 1940 the motion picture business worldwide underwent a dramatic transformation. As urban populations continued to boom, cinema became a fixture of city life, and continued to extend its influence to provincial towns and villages. By the beginning of the Second World War the movies had become woven into the fabric of public leisure in small towns and villages across the globe. The experience of seeing moving pictures for these audiences was changing as well, as the development of a practical application for adding sound to film revolutionized the medium. As sound proved instantly popular with European and American audiences, movie theaters all over the world began to invest in new audio equipment and leaving the silent films behind. The shift happened in fits and starts, and long after audiences in America had become nostalgic for the silent era, the old movies were still playing in some of the less-traveled corners of the world. But by 1932 the vast majority of moving picture consumers had been won over by the ‘talkies’.
The internationalization benefits of a music festival The case of the Curaçao North Sea Jazz Festival

A longitudinal research design was used to assess the potential internationalization benefits that may occur when hosting a music festival in a small island destination (SID). A macroeconomic analy...
A novel method to optimize a Galvo-Scanner used in optical imaging systems to minimize the artifacts in the images generated

Microscopic imaging systems especially high speed functional imaging systems employing Galvo-scanner as a beam steering system generate distorted images. In an attempt to make the fast imaging microscopic systems efficient we conducted an in depth study on the possible causes, reasons and formulated an optimal solution for it. We studied and analyzed the behavior of a Galvo Scanner (GS) at different scan frequencies. A triangular signal is usually employed to drive the GS owing its ability to generate less distorted images. Conventionally, the GS’s mirrors move in accordance with the input control signal at low scan frequencies(less than 100 Hz) but as we advance to higher scan frequencies (more than 700Hz), GS fails to obey the input due to the inherent mechanical inertia of the mirrors. This scrambles the distance between the microstructures being imaged, thus leading to distortions in the images obtained. Therefore we propose a novel library of (purposely) distorted ramp signal to deal with this problem. The rationale behind this idea is to provide the GS enough voltage to overcome the inertia so that the resultant movement is a linear ramp. The results obtained showed a significant improvement in the behavior of the scanners in the terms of spectral width of the FWHM of the output signal.
Commentary on: Lower Eyelid Retraction Surgery Without Internal Spacer Graft.

I want to thank the editor for asking me to address the topic of the surgical management of lower eyelid retraction. I will focus my discussion only on post-blepharoplasty lower eyelid retraction (PBLER), as this is a topic of great interest to me, and because the other causes described in Dr Taban's report are less of a focus to aesthetic eyelid surgeons, although the same principals of treatment certainly apply. I will divide my discussion into four parts: (1) a respectful appreciation of Dr Taban's insight; (2) what the literature currently suggests; (3) what the readership wants to know; and (4) a few words on future efforts. First and foremost, thank you Dr Taban for sharing your work with the Aesthetic Surgery Journal .1 I believe those that see this problem often understand what a difficult and humbling eyelid malposition this is to understand and manage. Clearly Dr Taban has a good feel for it, and any simplification shared will certainly make the process more palatable for others. Let me summarize what I feel Dr Taban is suggesting. PBLER has been surgically addressed with midface lifting to recruit skin, open canthal suspension to suspend and support the lower eyelid, and a posterior lamellar spacer graft to vertically lengthen the lower eyelid and recess the lower lid retractors.2 This combined procedure has been the standard for over 30 years. Its component parts make sense, and each may play a vital role in surgical success. However, is each step needed in every case? Can an algorithm be developed which omits unnecessary procedures which, in and of themselves, carry various degrees of potential morbidity? These questions demand a critical reevaluation of this …
Stories about Math: An Analysis of Students’ Mathematical Autobiographies

This paper analyzes 16 preservice secondary mathematics education majors’ mathematical autobiographies. Participants wrote about their previous experiences with mathematics. All participants discussed why they wanted to become mathematics teachers with the key factors being past experience with math teachers, previous success in math classes, and the intrinsic rewards associated with helping others with math problems.
RESA identifies mRNA-regulatory sequences at high resolution

Gene expression is extensively regulated at the levels of mRNA stability, localization and translation. However, decoding functional RNA-regulatory features remains a limitation to understanding post-transcriptional regulation in vivo. Here, we developed RNA-element selection assay (RESA), a method that selects RNA elements on the basis of their activity in vivo and uses high-throughput sequencing to provide a quantitative measurement of their regulatory functions at near-nucleotide resolution. We implemented RESA to identify sequence elements modulating mRNA stability during zebrafish embryogenesis. RESA provides a sensitive and quantitative measure of microRNA activity in vivo and also identifies novel regulatory sequences. To uncover specific sequence requirements within regulatory elements, we developed a bisulfite-mediated nucleotide-conversion strategy for large-scale mutational analysis (RESA-bisulfite). Finally, we used the versatile RESA platform to map candidate protein-RNA interactions in vivo (RESA-CLIP).
Effects of Mineral Surface Properties on Supercritical CO2 Wettability in a Siliciclastic Reservoir

Wettability is a key reservoir characteristic influencing geological carbon sequestration (GCS) processes, such as CO2 transport and storage capacity. Wettability is often determined on a limited number of reservoir samples by measuring the contact angle at the CO2/brine/mineral interface, but the ability to predict this value remains a challenge. In this work, minerals comprising a natural reservoir sample were identified, and the influence of their surface roughness and mineralogy on the contact angle was quantified to evaluate predictive models and controlling mechanisms. The natural sample was obtained from the Mount Simon formation, a representative siliciclastic reservoir that is the site of a United States Department of Energy CO2 injection project. A thin section of the Mount Simon sandstone was examined with compound light microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Quartz and feldspar were identified as dominant minera...
The econometrics of unobservables: Applications of measurement error models in empirical industrial organization and labor economics

This paper reviews the recent developments in nonparametric identification of measurement error models and their applications in applied microeconomics, in particular, in empirical industrial organization and labor economics. Measurement error models describe mappings from a latent distribution to an observed distribution. The identification and estimation of measurement error models focus on how to obtain the latent distribution and the measurement error distribution from the observed distribution. Such a framework is suitable for many microeconomic models with latent variables, such as models with unobserved heterogeneity or unobserved state variables and panel data models with fixed effects. Recent developments in measurement error models allow very flexible specification of the latent distribution and the measurement error distribution. These developments greatly broaden economic applications of measurement error models. This paper provides an accessible introduction of these technical results to empirical researchers so as to expand applications of measurement error models.
Guide à la lecture et interprétation de l’imagerie PET des plaques amyloïdes

Resume Les depots extracellulaires de peptides beta-amyloides constituent une des lesions histologiques necessaires pour le diagnostic neuropathologique de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Pendant la derniere decennie, plusieurs traceurs PET ont ete valides et ont maintenant une autorisation de mise sur le marche pour visualiser les plaques amyloides in vivo, avec des sensibilite et specificite excellentes. L’objectif de cet article est de fournir un guide pratique a la lecture et a l’interpretation de ces images, ainsi que de decrire les perspectives de developpement plus recentes ouvertes par cette modalite pour son integration dans le processus diagnostique et la prise en charge des patients.
Regulatory Considerations and Companion Diagnostics

The combination of a small molecule and a biologic in an ADC has consequences for regulatory requirements and guidances with respect to nonclinical evaluation as well as clinical development. The complexity of ADCs with regards to manufacturing and analytics presents additional challenges from the regulatory perspective. The clinical development of most ADCs involves patient selection; companion diagnostic products are regulated as a medical device in the US and in most ex-US markets and require a development plan that is integrated with the clinical development strategy from the earliest stages.
Method and Procedure

The experimental group consisted of 20 young adult, Caucasian, male stutterers, ranging in age from 16 to 40 years, with an average age of 23.4 years. They were native-born, monolingual, native speakers of American English who had received their primary and secondary education in the public schools in one of two large metropolitan areas. Those having postsecondary education had pursued their study in a state-supported university. Their educational levels ranged from 11 to 18 years, with an average of 14.1 years of formal education.
Immunogold Labeling of Thylakoid Membranes

Freeze-fracturing the thylakoid membrane reveals four unique fracture-faces, two associated with the grana (EFs, PFs) and two associated with the stroma (EFu, PFu). Each of these fracture-faces have distinct particle size and distribution. The inner and outer surfaces also differ in their topology. The inner surface of the grana is characterized by the unusual tetrameric structures while the outer surface of the stroma has large monomeric particles. This large monomeric particle has been identified as the coupling factor by reconstitution (1,2) and direct labeling (3) studies. The coupling factor has been the only thylakoid component directly identified on the freeze-etched surfaces. with antibodies against the photosystem II (PS II) and light harvesting (LHC II) complexes, we have specifically labeled the thylakoid membrane. It is still unclear which of the fracture-faces are labeled by these antibodies. However, the PS II antibodies clearry labels the inner surface (ES) of the thylakoids, indicating the tetramer is composed, at least partially, of PS II proteins.
Management of Bulbar Symptoms in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

With the many recent advances in medicine and in home health care, patients with neuromuscular diseases can expect a longer life than was common 10 or 15 years ago. Increased understanding of the support these patients need has led to the development of protocols to maintain these individuals despite their significant disabilities. While nutritional management of these patients is difficult, it can usually be well-handled by non-invasive as well as invasive techniques.
General Systems Theory: A Guiding Framework for IS Research.

General systems theory (GST) holds the potential to address some of the issues that information systems (IS) field faces today. This paper addresses the question whether the concepts, principles and approaches prevalent in GST can be gainfully employed for studying and conducting research in IS. Using the concepts embedded in GST, we analyze the problem of “fragmented adhocracy” in IS research. We describe how the various disparate and apparently incongruent viewpoints and findings that have emerged from IS research can be organized, reconciles and leveraged using systems concepts. We also show the utility of the systems approach in studying and analyzing IS problems, specifically the IS value problem. In conclusion, we suggest that systems concepts, and therefore GST, can be applied at two levels in IS field – firstly, for helping understand and organize the body of knowledge in IS and secondly, as a guide for conducting IS research.
Female Age of First Reproduction at Cayo Santiago: Heritability and Shared Environments

Sexual maturation is a major transition in mammalian life histories including relatively long-lived, late-maturing primates. Age of first reproduction (AFR) in female primates is widely documented to vary among population members and to correlate with population density and social dominance. Research with Cayo Santiago macaques was among the first to identify these patterns. While explanations for variation in female AFR have centered around priority of access to limited resources and avoidance of stress, less attention has been drawn to potential genetic variation for AFR. Furthermore, the “dual inheritance” of genes and dominance rank in nepotistic female macaques implies these effects may be confounded. Heritability estimates for AFR at Cayo Santiago are small (≈0.15), but significantly greater than zero implicating genetic variation in this life history trait. However, predicted breeding values for AFR are randomly distributed among rank-levels, which points to common environmental effects, rather than inter-matriline genetic differences, as the primary causes of rank-related variation in AFR. In addition, interannual variation in population density, climate, and colony management also result in strong cohort effects on AFR. Maternal identity explained no variance in AFR, although some maternal characteristics do influence AFR, which requires greater clarity in describing the presence or absence of maternal effects on this important life history trait.
Novel Therapies for T-cell Lymphomas

The recent progress in understanding the immune and molecular biology of T-cell lymphomas and the identification of therapeutic targets has led to the application of novel treatment approaches to improve the care of patients with these challenging diseases. Examples of these novel systemic therapies are the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide, the antifolate pralatrexate, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, and the protein kinase C beta inhibitor enzastaurin that show promising activity in restoring immune function, inhibiting angiogenesis, controling protein degradation, and/or regulating cell growth, survival, and apoptosis. The mechanisms of action and available clinical data are reviewed.
The Cultivation of Wonder in the Premedical Learning Environment: Nurturing Ethical Character in the Early Formation of Health Professionals

AbstractThe learning environment of premedical education on many American undergraduate campuses appears to be relentlessly competitive, potentially undermining virtues of moral character critical to success in medical school and to eventual clinical excellence. We propose a new line of inquiry exploring the “capacity for wonder,” the propensity to encounter everyday experiences with a sense of radical appreciation, as a personal disposition that, if cultivated in the premedical learning environment, may support the development of six specific virtues among future medical students: courage, curiosity, humility, gratitude, respect, and compassion.
When Souls Shudder: A Brief History of Disgust and the Law

This chapter takes a look back at the past three decades of disgust and the law. Reviewing many of the empirical findings of the behavioral sciences as well as the normative scholarship of legal scholars and other social scientists, it attempts to provide a bird’s eye view of the links between disgust, morality, and jurisprudence, and of the debates that emanate from those links.
Order-of-scattering of partially polarized radiation in inhomogeneous, anisotropically scattering atmospheres. II - Reciprocity and symmetry relations

Reciprocity and symmetry relationships, representing local invariants for the scattering phase-matrix, are derived for twelve cases of particle assemblies studied by van de Hulst (1957) including situations of scattering in an arbitrary direction, in the near forward and near backward directions. These relations are used to generate corresponding relations representing global invariants for the scattering and transmission matrices of atmospheres consisting of such assemblies. The latter relations are obtained from the matrix integro-differential equations for scattering and transmission; they apply to single scattering, any finite order of scattering, and after an arbitrary cumulation of scattering orders (finite or infinite). Our results are summarized in Tables I and II for general inhomogeneous atmospheres and for particular inhomogeneous atmospheres that are symmetrical with respect to their central level. The latter case includes homogeneous atmospheres as a special case. The largest set of local relations obtained contains three independent relations (called universal, reversal, exchange) which can further be combined to yield four additional dependent relations. This circumstance happens in three out of the above twelve cases. In the remaining cases fewer relations (both independent and dependent) remain valid. Likewise, a maximal set of three independent global relations is obtained for general inhomogeneous atmospheres; they too can be linearly combined to yield seven other dependent relations. For the symmetrically inhomogeneous atmospheres, three independent and seven dependent additional relations are obtained. On the basis of these tables, it becomes a trivial matter to provide the local and global invariants (both the independent and the dependent relations) for any assembly of particles and atmospheric inhomogeneity. A mixture of Rayleigh-Cabannes scattering by anisotropic molecules or extremely small particles and Mie scattering by large isotropic particles is considered for illustration. Lastly, the group properties of these invariants are studied.
Ambient- and elevated-temperature strengthening by Al3Zr-Nanoprecipitates and Al3Ni-Microfibers in a cast Al-2.9Ni-0.11Zr-0.02Si-0.005Er (at.%) alloy

Abstract Strengthening mechanisms at ambient and elevated temperatures are studied in a cast Al-0.11Zr-0.02Si-0.005Er (at.%) alloy with a 2.86 at.% Ni addition, containing: (i) incoherent Al3Ni microfibers formed during eutectic solidification; and (ii) coherent, equiaxed Al3Zr (L12-structure) nanoprecipitates created on subsequent aging. Strengthening contributions from microfibers and nanoprecipitates are cooperative at ambient temperature, over the full range of Al3Zr precipitation during under-, peak-, and over-aging states. In contrast, during compressive creep testing at 300 °C, the binary eutectic Al-Al3Ni alloy is not further strengthened by the Al3Zr nanoprecipitates, reflecting their lower number density (5.8 × 1022 m−3) in the regions between Al3Ni microfibers, where load transfer and/or microfiber/dislocation interactions provide strengthening. Also, when the Al-0.11Zr-0.02Si-0.005Er (at.%) alloy is modified with very low Ni concentrations of 0.07 at.%, without Al3Ni microfiber formation, the precipitation kinetics of Al3Zr(L12) are unaffected and negligible amounts of Ni are measured in the nanoprecipitates. The binary Al-2.86Ni at.% alloys with Al3Ni eutectic microfibers, with and without Al3Zr nanoprecipitates, are significantly more creep resistant at 300 °C than dilute Al-Sc or Al-Zr alloys strengthened solely by Al3Zr or Al3Sc nanoprecipitates. Unlike Al-Zr alloys, their upper service temperature is, however, limited to ∼400 °C, above which Al3Ni coarsening becomes rapid.
Scaffolding and the Insufficiency of the Intentional Stance as a Conceptual Underpinning for Multiagent Systems

The intentional stance, which has been a conceptual underpinning of much work on multiagent systems, cannot provide an account of coordinated behavior in terms that can apply equally to humans and to agents. We suggest that one must also include social scaffolding in the sense in which “scaffolding” is used by Andy Clark. Critical aspects of the relevant social scaffolding can be formulated in terms of notions familiar from formalisms that have been applied to software systems and to humans alike.
Survey of deep learning and architectures for visual captioning—transitioning between media and natural languages

Deep Learning Architectures has been researched the most in this decade because of its capability to scale up and solve problems that couldn’t be solved before. Mean while many NLP applications cropped up and there is a requirement to understand how the concepts gradually evolved till date after perceptron was introduced in 1959. This document will provide a detailed description of the computational neuroscience starting from artificial neural network and how researchers retrospected the drawbacks faced by the previous architectures and paved the way for modern deep learning. Modern deep learning is more than what it had been perceived decades ago and had been extended to architectures, with exceptional intelligence, scalability and precision, beyond imagination. This document will provide an overview of the continuation of work and will also specifically deal with applications of various domains related to natural language processing and visual and media contents.
Implementation of Open Textbooks in Community and Technical College Biology Courses: The Good, the Bad, and the Data.

This study looked at general biology courses at four community and technical colleges that implemented traditionally published or open textbooks. Student outcomes, textbook utilization methods, and...
Cicero on the Philosophy of Religion: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination

During the months before and after he saw Julius Caesar assassinated on the Ides of March, 44 BC, Cicero wrote two philosophical dialogues about religion and theology: On the Nature of the Gods and On Divination. This book brings to life his portraits of Stoic and Epicurean theology, as well as the scepticism of the new Academy, his own school. We meet the Epicurean gods who live a life of pleasure and care nothing for us, the determinism and beauty of the Stoic universe, itself our benevolent creator, and the reply to both that traditional religion is better served by a lack of dogma. Cicero hoped that these reflections would renew the traditional religion at Rome, with its prayers and sacrifices, temples and statues, myths and poets, and all forms of divination. This volume is the first to fully investigate Cicero's dialogues as the work of a careful philosophical author.
Targeted Intervention to Increase Awareness of Opioid Overprescribing Significantly Reduces Narcotic Prescribing Within an Academic Orthopaedic Practice.

Objective To evaluate the impact of a targeted intervention focused on increasing awareness of opioid overprescribing within an academic orthopaedic practice. Design Retrospective prescribing data was collected through an electronic chart review. A single time point, a departmental grand rounds titled “Opioid Use, Misuse, & Abuse in Orthopaedics,” was conducted on February 8, 2017. Opioid prescribing data was analyzed for the year preceding and year immediately following this targeted intervention. Narcotics were standardized using milligram morphine equivalents (MME) for comparison, and patients were categorized as opioid naive or non-naive based on whether an opioid prescription was written within 90 days prior to surgery. A segmented time series regression model was utilized to determine statistical significance of the educational intervention. Setting Academic Medical Center. Participants All patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures at our institution between January 2016 and March 2018. Results A total of 5882 patients underwent orthopaedic procedures at our institution during the study period. Of these, 2887 were in the year preceding and 2995 were in the year immediately following the targeted intervention to increase awareness of opioid overprescribing. The interve.ntion was associated with an acute decrease of 167 mean MME from 780 to 613 in opioid naive (p = 0.028) and 154 mean MME from 1,015 to 861 in opioid non-naive patients (p = 0.010). The intervention was also associated with a favorable change in the overall mean MME prescribing trend over time in both naive (p = 0.011) and non-naive (p = 0.064) patients. Conclusions This study demonstrates decreased opioid prescribing within an academic orthopaedic department after a targeted intervention focused on raising the awareness of opioid overprescribing. Ongoing provider education and awareness are critical parts of any plan to continue curtail opioid overprescribing among surgeons.
Percutaneous retrieval of fractured intravascular catheters in premature infants.

BACKGROUND Premature infants often require long-term indwelling intravascular catheters. Occasionally, catheters fracture and migrate into cardiovascular structures, risking perforation, infection, thrombosis, and interference with cardiac and valve function. This case series describes our experience with percutaneous retrieval of broken intravascular catheters. METHODS A gooseneck micro-snare was used to retrieve fractured catheters in four premature infants, weighing between 840 and 1930 grams. RESULTS All procedures were successful without complications. CONCLUSIONS Gooseneck-snare retrieval of broken indwelling intravascular catheters can be performed safely and successfully in premature infants even those that weigh less than 1000 grams.
Host response-based screening to identify undiagnosed cases of COVID-19and expand testing capacity

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges in diagnostic testing. At the beginning of the epidemic, a confluence of factors resulted in delayed deployment of PCR-based diagnostic tests, resulting in lack of testing of individuals with symptoms of the disease. Although these tests are now more widely available, it is estimated that a three- to ten-fold increase in testing capacity will be required to ensure adequate surveillance as communities reopen(1). In response to these challenges, we evaluated potential roles of host-response based screening in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Previous work from our group showed that the nasopharyngeal (NP) level of CXCL10, a protein produced as part of the host response to viral infection, is a sensitive predictor of respiratory virus infection across a wide spectrum of viruses(2). Here, we show that NP CXCL10 is elevated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and use a CXCL10-based screening strategy to identify four undiagnosed cases of COVID-19 in Connecticut in early March. In a second set of samples tested at the Yale New Haven Hospital, we show that NP CXCL10 had excellent performance as a rule-out test (NPV 0.99, 95% C.I. 0.985-0.997). Our results demonstrate how biomarker-based screening could be used to leverage existing PCR testing capacity to rapidly enable widespread testing for COVID-19.
Cross-Sectional Imaging Evaluation of Congenital Temporal Bone Anomalies: What Each Radiologist Should Know

Hearing loss in pediatric age group is associated with many congenital temporal bone disorders. Aberrant development of various ear structures leads into either conductive or sensorineural hearing loss. Knowledge of the embryology and anatomical details of various compartments of the ear help better understanding of such disorders. In general, abnormalities of external and middle ears result in conductive hearing loss. Whereas abnormalities of inner ear structures lead into sensorineural hearing loss. These abnormalities could occur as isolated or part of syndromes. Temporal bone disorders are a significant cause of morbidity and developmental delays in children. Imaging evaluation of children presented with hearing loss is paramount in early diagnosis and proper management planning. Our aim is to briefly discuss embryology and anatomy of the pediatric petrous temporal bones. The characteristic imaging features of commonly encountered congenital temporal bone disorders and their associated syndromes will be discussed.
Inline balloon-assisted vascular sheath fragment removal.

Unretrievable foreign bodies are associated with high morbidity and mortality. While the majority of reported cases involve the venous circulation, intra-arterial foreign body displacement have the potential to migrate more distally with a higher risk for dissection and hemorrhagic complications during retrieval. As the number of intravascular procedures continues to increase, there is also likely to be a concomittant increase in the number of retrieval procedures, particular for fractured catheters and sheaths. Although snaring is frequently the traditional, ‘go-to’ method for retrieval, there are inherent risks of further dislodgement or fracture. We describe a case that involves retrieval of a fractured sheath that originated in the common femoral artery but migrated into the popliteal artery. Different retrieval approaches were employed, however ultimately balloon assisted, over-the-wire retrieval was the successful approach. We anticipate that over-the-wire, inline-retrieval approaches will continue to grow in popularity and use, particularly with respect to manipulation within the arterial circulation.
The Impacts of Testing Cadence, Mode of Instruction, and Student Density on Fall 2020 COVID-19 Rates On Campus

We analyzed the COVID-19 infection rate among undergraduate students at 9 colleges and Universities in the greater Boston area and 4 comparison schools elsewhere, from Fall 2020. We assessed whether the cumulative rate of infection is dependent on the mode of instruction (in-person, hybrid, or remote), on the number and density of dorm-resident undergraduates, and/or on COVID-19 testing cadence. We limited our analysis to institutions that have implemented at least weekly PCR testing of dormitory-resident undergraduates. Our primary conclusions are that (i) the fraction of students that succumbed to a COVID-19 infection up through Nov 22, 2020 shows no correlation with either the total number of students on campus, or the fractional occupancy of dormitories, (ii) remote instruction vs. hybrid instruction has no significant measurable impact on cumulative infection rate, and (iii) there is evidence that testing 2 or 3 times per week is correlated with lower infection rates than weekly testing. These data are consistent with a hypothesis of students predominantly acquiring infection off-campus, with little community transmission within dormitory housing. This implies good student compliance with face mask and social distancing protocols. Significance Statement We review the incidence of COVID-19 infection among under-graduate students for selected colleges and universities that conducted at least weekly COVID-19 testing during the Fall of 2020. We analyzed the infection-rate dependence on number of students on campus, dormitory residential density, instructional methodology (remote vs. hybrid), and testing cadence. This compilation of outcomes can help inform policy decisions for congregate settings.
Reimagining Care and Care Work

This chapter addresses two interrelated issues: first, the care gap in many developed societies, namely the growth in the ranks of those requiring care and the decline in the availability of traditional nonpaid family caregivers and second, the often exploitative conditions under which paid caregivers work, namely low pay, long hours, and lack of legal protections. The author argues that these problems stem from care work’s historical entanglements with gendered divisions of labor in the family and coercive labor systems such as slavery, indenture, and colonial domination. Any attempt to address these issues requires rethinking care work in fundamental ways. Both receiving and giving care need to be defined as fundamental social rights; providing care needs to be seen as a public good that involves “real” labor; that care workers therefore deserve benefits, protections, and rights equivalent to those accorded to other types of workers. The goals of these reforms would be to (a) define caring as a collective responsibility rather than a private family matter, (b) distribute responsibility for caregiving more equitably across, class, race, and gender lines, and (c) make access to quality care available to all members of society, regardless of race, gender, class, and age. The final section focuses on efforts by domestic workers, NGOs, and labor activists to gain recognition and to improve the conditions of care workers through legal and political means, such as collective bargaining and passage of international, national, and local laws and standards.
An intensive telehealth assessment and treatment model for an adult with developmental disabilities

Over the last decade, the provision of applied behavior analysis (ABA) services within a telehealth delivery format has had a flourishing literature base. Research has demonstrated that caregivers can successfully conduct functional analyses and functional communication training to treat challenging behavior with coaching from practitioners via telehealth. Previous limitations include research that has only been conducted with children, typically in 1hr, weekly meetings, so the utility of providing ABA therapy via telehealth across the lifespan is unknown. Additionally, the effects of a more intensive treatment format delivered via telehealth has not been evaluated. The purpose of the current study was to coach caregivers to conduct the assessment and treatment process for a young man with developmental disabilities using an intensive-outpatient model in a telehealth format. Functional analysis procedures led to the development of a function-based treatment to reduce challenging behavior and increase functional communication. Caregivers demonstrated high procedural integrity across all phases of the study and found the intervention highly acceptable and effective. Areas for future research and directions are discussed.
Monitoring the acoustic ecology of the shelf break of Georges Bank, Northwestern Atlantic Ocean: New approaches to visualizing complex acoustic data

Abstract Within a soundscape, anthropogenic sound often dominates frequency ranges used by various species, leading to signal overlap and potential communication masking. The acoustic niche hypothesis predicts species will avoid competition by vocalizing at unique bandwidths. To evaluate the extent of anthropogenic overlap, it’s helpful to understand acoustic niches across time. This study aims to assess the co-occurrence of cetaceans and anthropogenic activities, presenting simple and accessible visualizations of the temporal and spectral overlap. Continuous passive acoustic recordings from 10 Hz to 100 kHz were collected near three deep-water canyons (Heezen, Oceanographer, and Nantucket) along the continental shelf break of Georges Bank between April 2015 and March 2016. Daily presence was documented for five mysticete species (North Atlantic right, fin, blue, sei, humpback), five odontocete species and/or groups combined according to primary frequency ranges (delphinids, sperm whales, Kogia spp, Sowerby’s, and Cuviers’/True’s/Gervais’ beaked whales), and four anthropogenic activities (airgun noise, broadband ship noise, echosounders, and explosions). At each site, cetacean and anthropogenic sources were found to be significant contributors. Individual cetacean species/groups were present from 2% to 100% of days across sites, with delphinids, sperm whales, and fin whales detected most consistently. Airgun noise, the most frequently detected anthropogenic signal, ranged from 50% to 91% of days across all sites, followed by broadband ship noise (15–65% of days), echosounders (1–14% of days), and one explosion detected at Oceanographer Canyon. This approach allows for broad comparison of species and anthropogenic activity, providing understanding of variability in acoustic overlap and potential masking between sites.
Isolate-dependent differences in clinical, pathological, and transcriptional profiles following in vitro and in vivo infections with Rickettsia rickettsii .

ABSTRACT Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiological agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a life-threatening tick-borne disease that affects humans and various animal species, has been recognized in medicine and science for more than 100 years. Isolate-dependent differences in virulence of R. rickettsii have been documented for many decades; nonetheless, the specific genetic and phenotypic factors responsible for these differences have not been characterized. Using in vivo and in vitro methods, we identified multiple phenotypic differences among six geographically distinct isolates of R. rickettsii, representing isolates from the United States, Costa Rica, and Brazil. Aggregate phenotypic data, derived from growth in Vero E6 cells and from clinical and pathological characteristics following infection of male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), allowed separation of these isolates into three categories: nonvirulent (Iowa), mildly virulent (Sawtooth and Gila), and highly virulent (Sheila SmithT, Costa Rica, and Taiacu). Transcriptional profiles of 11 recognized or putative virulence factors confirmed the isolate-dependent differences between mildly and highly virulent isolates. These data corroborate previous qualitative assessments of strain virulence and suggest further that a critical and previously underappreciated balance between bacterial growth and host immune response could leverage strain pathogenicity. Also, this work provides insight into isolate-specific microbiological factors that contribute to the outcome of RMSF and confirms the hypothesis that distinct rickettsial isolates also differ phenotypically, which could influence the severity of disease in vertebrate hosts.
Culturally Relevant Pedagogy for Neurodiversity

This article applies the insight of culturally relevant pedagogy to neurodiversity. The neurodiversity paradigm reframes autism, ADHD, dyslexia, and other neurodevelopmental conditions as natural h...
The cDNA sequences encoding two components of the polymeric fraction of the intracellular hemoglobin of Glycera dibranchiata.

Abstract The intracellular hemoglobin of the polychaete Glycera dibranchiata consists of several components, some of which self-associate into a "polymeric" fraction. The cDNA library constructed from the poly(A+) mRNA of Glycera erythrocytes (Simons, P. C., and Satterlee, J. D. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 8525-8530) was screened with two oligodeoxynucleotide probes corresponding to the amino acid sequences MEEKVP and AMNSKV. Each of the two probes identified a full-length positive insert; these were sequenced using the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. One clone was 630 bases long and contained 36 bases of 5'-untranslated RNA, a reading frame of 441 bases coding for the 147 amino acids of globin P2 including the residues MEEKVP, and a 3'-untranslated region of 153 bases. The other clone was 540 bases long and contained 24 bases of 5'-untranslated RNA, an open reading frame of 441 bases coding for globin P3 including the residues AMNSKV, and a 3'-untranslated region of 75 bases. The inferred amino acid sequences of the two globins were in agreement with the partial amino acid sequences obtained by chemical methods. The P2 and P3 globin sequences, together with the previously determined P1 sequence of a complete insert and partial sequences P4, P5, and P6 obtained from partial inserts (Zafar, R. S., Chow, L. H., Stern, M. S., Vinogradov, S. N., and Walz, D. A. (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, in press) suggest that there are at least six components in the polymeric fraction of Glycera hemoglobin, which is in agreement with the results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in Tris/glycine buffer, pH 8.3, 6 M urea. Nothern and dot blot analyses of Glycera erythrocyte poly(A+) mRNA using the foregoing two cDNA probes clearly demonstrated the presence of mature messages encoding both types of globins. Comparison of the polymeric sequences P1, P2, and P3 with the "monomeric" globins M-II and M-IV using the alignment and templates of Bashford et al. (Bashford, D., Chothia, C., and Lesk, A. M. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196, 199-216) showed that all five globins have identical residues at 39 positions. At 44 positions, the three polymeric globins share identical residues that differ from the identical residues at the corresponding locations in the monomeric sequences M-II and M-IV including position E7, where the latter have leucine instead of the distal histidine. At 15 positions, there occurs an alteration from polar to nonpolar or from a small nonpolar to a larger nonpolar residue in going from the monomeric to the polymeric globins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Review of the Meetings of the Government of the RF in May 2013

In May 2013, at the meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation, the draft law which assigns the state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation the right to set the criteria of need of individual categories of people in social support with the principle of target orientation taken into account was discussed among other issues.
Longitudinal-Optical Phonons in Ti O 2 (Rutile) Thin-Film Spectra

The infrared spectra of oxidation films on titanium show an asymmetrical absorption band at 828 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ not found as an infrared-active mode in single-crystal Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. It is identified as two superposed longitudinal-optical modes at approximately 828 and 809 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ on the basis of optical tests and theoretical predictions.
Probing the till beneath Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA

A heavy down-hole hammer actuated from the surface by a light composition rope was used to place instrumented probes into the active, 7 m thick, clast-rich till underlying a site on Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, USA, where the ice is 500m thick. A till penetration of about 2.5m was obtained, and greater depths seem possible. The probes measured pore-water pressure and two axes of tilt, which they broadcasted, without wires, to a receiver just above the ice-till interface.
Comparison of Er3+ Photoluminescence and Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy in In-situ-doped GaN∶Er and Er-implanted GaN

Site-selective photolumiescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopies have been carried out at 6 K on the ∼1540nm41/32 →4I1/52 Er3+ transition inin-situ-doped GaN:Er which have detected nine differenct Er3+ sites and associated PL spectra. Three distinct Er3+ sites are identified in the in-situ-doped samples. For the in-situ-doped samples, the concentration of the various Er+3 sites are comparable while for the ion-implanted sample, the concertration of one Er3+ site was higher than the concentration of the other sites. In-situ-doped samples grown with different Ex-cell temperatures were considered, and the width of the PLE spectrum appears to be a function of the Er-cell temperature.
Theoretical Prediction of Ion Clusters Relevant to the Atmosphere: Size and Mobility

Abstract The clustering of water vapor about ions is important because of its relevance to atmospheric electrical processes. For this reason we have placed our emphasis particularly on the description of the size distribution (concentrations) and mobilities of the small ion clusters at various humidities. From our present theoretical study, we find that most of the hydronium ions H3O+ tend to associate with a small number of water molecules to form a hydrated ion cluster even at extremely low humidities in the range of 5 × 10−3 to 1%. At atmospherically more realistic humidities and at the room temperature, our computed number of water molecules in the hydrated ion clusters is predicted to be relatively small. It is then conjectured that ion-induced nucleation process (if it occurs) starts rather from the small hydrated ion clusters which initially existed even at extremely low humidities in the atmosphere. In addition, we also find that, in general, the hydrated ion clusters of small sizes corresponding ...
A Sustainable Evaluation Framework and Its Application

This article presents a framework for developing internally sustainable evaluation systems for environmental education organizations, although the framework can be applied to other types of organizations. The authors developed a sustainable evaluation framework (SEF) with the intent of creating an evaluation system that could be self-administered by the staff of an environmental education organization in perpetuity. Key components of the framework include that it is utilization-focused (designed specifically for the needs of its users), participatory (empowering the users at each step of the design and implementation process), theory-driven (employing logic modeling and consulting relevant literature for concept clarification), and consumer-based (directly addressing the needs of probable audiences of evaluation results). The article illustrates the evaluation framework and its key outcomes using a case study from the Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont (GSMIT), where the authors facilitated the de...
Commentary: Patient satisfaction in spinal surgery: should we be addressing customer service or health improvement?

COMMENTARY ON Adogwa O, Parker SL, Shau DN, et al. Preoperative Zung depression scale predicts patient satisfaction independent of extent of improvement after revision lumbar surgery. Spine J 2013;13:501–6 ( in this issue ).
Removal of Refractory Organics by Aeration. III. A Fast Algorithm for Modeling Solvent Sublation Columns

Abstract A fast algorithm is developed for modeling the operation of batch and continuous flow solvent sublation columns. Mass transfer kinetics and axial dispersion are taken into account, and a Langmuir isotherm is used. Results are presented illustrating the effect on column performance of influent flow rate, axial dispersion, and bubble radius.
A class of stationary random fields with a simple correlation structure

A stationary random field is often more complicated than a univariate stationary time series, since dependence for a random field extends in all directions, while there is only the natural distinction of past and future at any instant in a univariate time series. In this paper we start from a simple correlation structure, derive a class of stationary random fields with the simple correlation function and the simple spectral density function by using linear combinations of separable spatial correlation functions, and discuss a problem of embedding a lattice model into a continuous domain model.