cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Call to Action: Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Parkinson’s Research and Care

The current base of knowledge around Parkinson's disease has been assembled in partnership with a cohort of participants that does not resemble the diversity of people with the disease. This poor representation in research results in an incomplete picture of the disease and disparities in care. The Michael J. Fox Foundation has defined four major areas of action: 1) identifying barriers and solutions to research participation; 2) funding inclusive research with greater participant diversity; 3) building a clinician/researcher workforce committed to health equity; and 4) supporting a more holistic understanding of PD. While factors driving disparities, including broader societal challenges, are complex, it is imperative that the PD research, care, and patient communities move in a decisive and coordinated fashion to identify and implement strategies that advance treatments for everyone with PD and eliminate care inequities.
Racial Disparities in School Lunch Program Participation and Cigarette Use: Evidence from Arizona Youth Survey Data.

Background: Cigarette and other tobacco product use among youth has become a serious public health issue in the United States. Thus, it is important to understand the social and contextural factors of cigarette use, especially for the young population. This study explores the relationship between participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and youth cigarettes use. Further, this study examines how this relationship differs across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: The 2016 Arizona Youth Survey (n = 34,373) data and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between NSLP participation (free and reduced-cost) and youth cigarette use, both lifetime and past 30-day smoking behaviors. In addition, subgroup analyses were conducted to test the racial disparities in NSLP participation and cigarette use. Results: Results showed that free lunch participation was associated with significantly higher odds of youth cigarette use, both lifetime (OR = 1.25; p < .001) and in the past 30-days (OR = 1.14; p < .05). However, reduced-cost lunch participation was associated with significantly higher odds only for lifetime cigarette use (OR = 1.20; p < .01). Subgroup analyses revealed differences across the six racial/ethnic groups. White and Latinx youth showed a significant relationship between NSLP participation and lifetime cigarette smoking, whereas only Latinx youth showed a significant relationship between NSLP participation and past 30-day smoking. Implications: The findings suggest that intervention approaches to smoking cessation and prevention should be tailored to different racial/ethnic groups to account for their differences. Given the findings that youth (especially Latinxs) who participate in free and reduced-cost lunch programs are at a higher risk of using cigarettes than youth who do not, this study suggests that health intervention programs can enhance their reach and effectiveness by building partnerships with schools with sizable NSLP programs.
A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis of Identity and Performance in Multiple Team Arrangement

Multiple team memberships (MTM) are an increasingly prevalent in modern organizations, yet little research has focused on the implications of this work arrangement. Applying a motivation within teams framework integrated with social identity theory as a conceptual lens, and drawing from the literature on multiple identities, we advance a multi-level framework delineating the antecedents and consequences of multiple team identities. In turn, we model the influence of individual members’ team identification on their performance in, and satisfaction with, their multiple team memberships. We employed a cross-classified random effect analyses to model the combined influences of Level 2 factors corresponding to individuals (N=101) and team characteristics (N=82), on individuals member’s identification outcomes per team (N=325). Using multi-source, temporally lagged data from software development professionals belonging to multiple teams yielded support for the combined influences of individual and team-level factors on individuals’ outcomes, as mediated by their identification with each team membership. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Noise reduction for hearing aids

Summary form only given. An overview is given of the various forms of signal processing for noise reduction that have been developed for hearing aid applications. One- and two-microphone systems are discussed. A more advanced form of a two-microphone system is also examined. >
Non-invasive Diagnostics to Measure Physical Properties in High-Level Wastes

This work addresses the need for a technique that can determine the rheological properties of tank wastes under processing conditions and permit the monitoring and control of slurries during transport. This task consists of applying ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry and using it to measure the viscosity of flowing waste. We will use suspensions that simulate tank waste and will work under realistic flow conditions.
Preoperative low molecular weight heparin reduces heparin responsiveness during cardiac surgery

Purpose Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass requires systemic anticoagulation, defined by an activated clotting time (ACT) of 400–480 sec. Patients with altered heparin responsiveness require disproportionately higher doses of heparin to achieve this target ACT. A common risk factor for heparin resistance is preoperative heparin therapy. Recently, therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has become an acceptable substitute for prolonged heparin therapy. The current study examines the effect of preoperative LMWH therapy on subsequent heparin responsiveness during cardiac surgery.
Nursing intervention to enhance outpatient chemotherapy symptom management: Patient-reported outcomes of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a nurse practitioner (NP)-delivered symptom management intervention for patients initiating chemotherapy for nonmetastatic cancer. The aim was to reduce patient-reported symptom burden by facilitating patient-NP collaboration and the early management of symptoms. METHODS At the time of the first chemotherapy visit, adult participants with nonmetastatic breast, colorectal, or lung cancer (120 participants) completed self-report measures and were then randomly assigned to standard care plus the intervention or standard care alone. Intervention participants received proactive telephone calls from their oncology team NP during the week after each of the first 2 chemotherapy administration visits. Measures were repeated at the second and third chemotherapy visits. Group differences were analyzed with regard to patient-reported symptoms (Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form items), satisfaction with care (Family Caregiver Satisfaction-patient scale), and the likelihood of depression or anxiety symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-4). RESULTS At the time of the first visit, 50.8% of participants reported ≥1 physical symptom, most commonly lack of energy (35.8%) and drowsiness (30.8%). The number of symptoms (gamma coefficient [γ] = 0.16; P<.001), symptom distress (γ = 0.45; P<.001), and satisfaction with care (γ = 0.24; P = .004) increased whereas the likelihood of anxiety symptoms decreased (γ = -0.19; P = .02) and the likelihood of depression symptoms did not change (γ = 0.01; P = .91). Outcomes did not differ by randomized group. Randomized group interacted with emetogenic potential in predicting symptom distress (γ = 0.43; P = .03) and satisfaction with care (γ = -0.45; P = .045). CONCLUSIONS The intervention did not appear to reduce symptom burden compared with standard care. Early symptoms highlight the importance of continuing to examine strategies to improve symptom management during chemotherapy for nonmetastatic disease. Cancer 2015;121:3905–3913. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
History and significance of gas sampling during DSDP and ODP drilling associated with gas hydrates

Gas hydrate formation requires adequate concentrations of gas (usually methane) to be present in the sediments. Thus, methane-bearing gas hydrate occurrence is closely coupled with the distribution of methane in marine sediments. We review the history of gas sampling from bore holes in gas-rich continental margin sediment sequences that may be associated with gas hydrate. Gas measurements have been routinely made for both drilling safety and scientific investigations during the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). Until recently, gas samples have come only from core voids and residual gas extracted from the cored sediments. However, recent successes with down-hole tools designed to maintain cores at their original pressure during core recovery have obtained independent data on in situ gas amounts, gas composition, and the process of core degassing. These data show that the residual core gas concentration represents only a tiny fraction of the total in situ gas inventory. Because the majority of the original gas escapes from the core during core recovery, caution must be used when trying to apply traditional core gas measurements to potentially gas hydrate-bearing sediment sequences.
Resection of an anterior spinal cord AVM through a far-lateral approach

A small arteriovenous malformation near the craniocervical junction with contributions from the anterior spinal artery was discovered in a young developmentally-delayed woman after she presented with altered mental status and evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The malformation could not be completely treated with endovascular therapy, so it was resected through a far-lateral approach. This stereoscopic video demonstrates how to gain the exposure needed to address a lesion in this area. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/ByjPGm_eXLc.
Withdrawal Versus Reversal: A Necessary Distinction?: Withdrawal vs. reversal

In the behavior analysis literature, the terms withdrawal and reversal are widely used to refer to various iterations of the basic A-B-A or A-B-A-B experimental design structure. Although these terms were initially used to label two distinct but closely related experimental designs, it now appears that many researchers have come to use these terms interchangeably. A review of major behavior analytic journals published between 2009 and 2013 reveals a strong preference among researchers for use of the term reversal in labeling the design described in the publication, whether or not that design is characterized by the specific features initially associated with the reversal design. This paper describes the origin of this definitional distinction and reviews the case for abolishing that distinction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mutator affecting the region of the iso-1-cytochrome c gene in yeast.

The mutator gene DEL1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes a high rate of formation of multisite mutations that encompass the following three adjacent genes: CYC1, which determines the structure of iso-1-cytochrome c; RAD7, which controls UV sensitivity; and OSM1, which controls osomotic sensitivity. The simplest hypothesis is that these multisite mutations are deletions, although it has not been excluded that they may involve other types of gross chromosomal aberrations. In contrast, normal strains do not produce such multisite mutations even after mutagenic treatments.—The multisite mutations arise at a rate of approximately 10-5 to 10-6 per cell per division in DEL1 strains, which is much higher than rates observed for mutation of genes in normal strains. For example, normal strains produce all types of cyc1 mutants at a low rate of approximately 10-8 to 10-9. No evidence for multisite mutations was obtained upon analysis of numerous spontaneous ade1, ade2, met2 and met15 mutants isolated in a DEL1 strain. DEL1 segregates as a single Mendelian gene closely linked to the CYC1 locus. DEL1 appears to be both cis- and trans-dominant. The location of the DEL1 gene and the lack of effect on other genes suggest that the mutator acts only on a region adjacent to itself.
Thrombin receptor activation protects neurons and astrocytes from cell death produced by environmental insults

Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that is rapidly produced from prothrombin at sites of tissue injury and catalyzes the final steps in blood coagulation. Thrombin also regulates gene expression and process outgrowth in neurons and astrocytes and stimulates proliferation of astrocytes. Since thrombin is produced immediately upon breakdown of the blood-brain barrier we examined its effects on astrocytes and neurons cultured under conditions which resemble those found in vivo following cerebrovascular injury. These studies showed that thrombin markedly protected rat primary astrocytes from cell death induced by hypoglycemia or oxidative stress. Thrombin also protected rat primary hippocampal neurons from cell death produced by hypoglycemia or growth supplement deprivation. Synthetic peptides which directly activate the thrombin receptor also protected astrocytes and neurons from these environmental insults, demonstrating that the thrombin effects were mediated through the thrombin receptor. In contrast to these results with stressed cells, high concentrations of thrombin killed both astrocytes and neurons cultured under normal conditions. All of the effects of thrombin on astrocytes and neurons were blocked by the brain thrombin inhibitor, protease nexin-1 (PN-1). This shows that the effects required the proteolytic activity of thrombin and is consistent with the known proteolytic mechanism by which thrombin activates its receptor. These results indicate that thrombin and PN-1 may regulate the viability of both astrocytes and neurons in early moments following trauma to the CNS or other conditions that alter the blood-brain barrier.
[Craniotomy guided by computed tomography with three dimensional reconstruction: technical note].

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a utilidade do exame de tomografia computadorizada com reconstrucao tridimensional no planejamento da craniotomia. METODO: Oito pacientes portadores de lesoes neoplasicas subcorticais proximas da convexidade cerebral foram operados segundo os parâmetros obtidos em exame de tomografia computadorizada (TC) com reconstrucao tridimensional (3D). RESULTADOS: O metodo empregado permitiu a aplicacao de craniotomias de dimensoes adequadas e localizacao precisa, permitindo remocao segura e eficaz da neoplasia. CONCLUSAO: O estudo demonstra a utilidade da TC 3D como recurso auxiliar no planejamento pre-operatorio, otimizando o acesso cirurgico e reduzindo a ocorrencia de abordagens restritas ou inadequadas na remocao de lesoes subcorticais.
Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Improvements Induced by Surface and Subsurface Modifications of Cores

This paper demonstrates that the ORR activity of PtML electrocatalysts can be further improved by the modification of surface and subsurface of the core materials. The removal of surface low-coordination sites, generation (via addition or segregation) of an interlayer between PtML and the core, or the introduction of a second metal component to the subsurface layer of the core can further improve the ORR activity and/or stability of PtML electrocatalysts. These modifications generate the alternation of the interactions between the substrate and the PtML, involving the changes on both electronic (ligand) and geometric (strain) properties of the substrates. The improvements resulted from the application of these approaches provide a new perspective to designing of the new generation PtML electrocatalysts.
Multiple site evaluation of P50 suppression among schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects.

Normally, when two brief, non-startling auditory stimuli are presented 500 ms apart, with long (e.g., 10 s) interpair intervals, the positive potential occurring approx. 50 ms after the first stimulus (P50) is relatively large, and the P50 to the second stimulus is smaller. In schizophrenia patients, however, the P50 to the second stimulus is larger than normal. In this study, 36 schizophrenia and 36 normal comparison subjects were tested in a two-click paradigm. Data were recorded from six electrode locations (F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4). The results support the hypothesis that schizophrenia patients have poor P50 suppression that is not an artifact of differential P50 wave morphology or differences in the number of usable trials between groups. In addition, the vertex location alone (Cz) was equal to, if not better than, any combination of sites for differentiating between groups. These results support the use of the Cz site alone in most investigations of P50 suppression deficits among schizophrenia spectrum patients. Further work investigating the neuropathological correlates of poor P50 suppression among schizophrenia patients by recording from multiple electrode locations, however, could be helpful.
The use of black and white infrared photography for recording blunt force injury

Infrared (IR) wavelengths penetrate skin and can selectively image volumes of subsurface blood. Twenty-eight blunt force injuries on nine decedents were photographed with color and IR film to compare the ability of each to image the injury. Of the 28 injuries, 10 were clinically interpreted as contusions, 4 as abrasions, 10 as abraded contusions, and 4 as erythematous discolorations, nos. Twenty-four of these injuries were incised to determine the presence and extent of subsurface bleeding. It was found that contusion had been clinically missed in five cases, three because they were hidden by abrasion and two because they appeared only as a mild cutaneous erythema. All five cases were detected by IR and verified by incision. Melanin pigmentation contributed to masking of contusion in one case and postmortem lividity confounded interpretation of contusion in one case. In all 14 injuries featuring abrasion as a component, IR de-emphasized or eliminated the visibility of abrasion. A single false negative was reported in which a visible contusion, verified by incision, was not seen with IR. In comparing injury patterns, color and IR renditions were dissimilar in a number of cases reflecting the difference between the manner in which light and IR photography imaged the depth and volume of blood within an injury. In summary, IR imaging of wounds can discover hidden bruises, verify clinical diagnosis of bruises, and augment interpretation of wound patterns.
An Analysis of Differential Assimilation Rates among Middle-class Mexican Americans*

The investigation focused on the identification of variables which might help explain differential assimilation rates among middle-class Mexican Americans. The data were collected from a random probability sample of 151 middle-class Mexican Americans residing in Waco, Austin. McAllen, and Lubbock, Texas. Three Likert-type scales designed to measure various components of the assimilation process were developed out of items abstracted from standardized interview schedules. The multiple correlation technique was used to identify independent variables which contributed significantly to a regression model for explaining variation in scores on each of the three scales. The findings suggested that early socialization patterns incorporating a discontinuous status sequence and a lack of reinforcement as Mexican-American increase the probability that the individual will assimilate into the broader American cultural system.
Use of Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody to Induce Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes

Achieving immunologic tolerance to autoimmune diabetes is the goal of therapies for treatment and prevention of the disease. However, whether this can be achieved with an antigen-specific approach is still unproven in humans. Other approaches, including treatment with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, have focused on regulation of an active immune response. Preclinical studies with anti-CD3 mAb showed the ability to reverse diabetes and induce tolerance to autoimmunity, even at the time of presentation with hyperglycemia. These studies also suggested that mAb treatment induced an active regulatory process. Based on these and other preclinical data, we have carried out a Phase I/II trial of the humanized FcR non-binding anti-CD3 mAb hOKT3gamma1(Ala-Ala) in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes. mAb treatment prevented the loss of insulin production over the first two years of the disease with reduced hemoglobin A1c levels and insulin usage. Studies have suggested that the mechanism of drug action involves induction of regulatory cells. CD4(+)IL-10(+) T cells can be found in patients after treatment; in addition, the CD8(+) T cells are induced by the mAb, and these cells may regulate antigen- specific responses. These initial studies have shown clinical efficacy of treatment with anti-CD3 mAb and suggest a novel mechanism that may account for the lasting effects of treatment.
Nuclear level statistics: Extending shell model theory to higher temperatures

The shell model Monte Carlo (SMMC) approach has been applied to calculate level densities and partition functions to temperatures up to ,1.5‐2 MeV, with the maximal temperature limited by the size of the configuration space. Here we develop an extension of the theory that can be used to higher temperatures, taking into account the large configuration space that is needed. We first examine the configuration space limitation using an independent-particle model that includes both bound states and the continuum. The larger configuration space is then combined with the SMMC under the assumption that the effects on the partition function are factorizable. The method is demonstrated for nuclei in the iron region, extending the calculated partition functions and level densities up to T,4 MeV. We find that the back-shifted Bethe formula has a much larger range of validity than was previously believed. The present theory also shows more clearly the effects of the pairing phase transition on the heat capacity.
Systematic evaluation of ureteral access sheaths.

Abstract Objectives To compare the physical characteristics of ureteral access sheaths that affect their ability to resist buckling and kinking in the ureter. Methods Eight commercially available ureteral sheaths were tested. The buckling pressure was measured by adding sequential loads to a point 20 cm from the tip of the sheath until the mass that resulted in buckling of the catheter was determined. The kinking pressure was determined by measuring the diameter of the sheath with a digital caliper as sequential loads were applied to the surface of the sheath. The frictional properties of the sheath were measured by testing the force required to push the sheath through a mock tube. Results The Cook Flexor was more resistant to buckling, requiring 202 g of force before buckling occurred, and both the Cook Flexor and the Applied access sheaths were more lubricious. The kinking measurements demonstrated a linear loss of diameter of the sheath with added loads. The Applied Forte XE and Cook Flexor ureteral access sheaths were more resistant to kinking than were the other sheaths tested. Conclusions Understanding the physical characteristics of ureteral sheaths may help determine which sheaths will perform well with regard to buckling during insertion and kinking during use.
Extension of the linkage map in Citrus using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and RFLP mapping of cold-acclimation-responsive loci.

Genetic mapping with RAPD markers has been initiated in Citrus. Reproducible polymorphism of amplified DNA fragments was obtained with approximately half of the 140 random primers tested, revealing 266 segregating loci. These were tested for linkage using 60 BC1 progeny from an intergeneric cross of Citrus grandis (L.) Osb. x [Citrus grandis (L.) Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. A core linkage map was constructed that consists of nine linkage groups containing 109 RAPD markers and 51 previously-mapped RFLP and isozyme markers. A further 79 markers that could not be ordered unambiguously because of their allelic constitution were associated with individual linkage groups and are shown in relation to the core map. The core map has a total length of 1192 cM with an average distance of 7.5 cM between loci and is estimated to cover 70–80% of the genome. Loci with distorted segregation patterns clustered on several linkage groups. Individual clusters of loci were skewed in allelic composition toward one or the other parent, usually C. grandis. This relatively-saturated linkage map will eventually be used to identify quantitative trait loci for cold and salt-tolerance in Citrus. As a beginning we have mapped three loci detected by a cold-acclimation-responsive cDNA.
Coding of closed geodesics after Gauss and morse

Closed geodesics associated to conjugacy classes of hyperbolic matrices in SL(2, ℤ) can be coded in two different ways. The geometric code, with respect to a given fundamental region, is obtained by a construction universal for all Fuchsian groups, while the arithmetic code, given by ‘—’ continued fractions, comes from the Gauss reduction theory and is specific for SL(2, ℤ). In this paper we give a complete description of all closed geodesics for which the two codes coincide.
Interpersonal conflict: Effects of variations in manner of expressing anger and justification for anger upon perceptions of appropriateness, competence, and satisfaction

Using a 3x3 factorial design, nine scenarios were developed in which a spouse had either a strong, moderate, or weak justification for becoming angry at a subject who was instructed to assume the role of the other spouse. In each senario, the spouse confronted the subject and expressed anger in one of three ways: assertively, aggressively, or non‐assertively. Subjects responded to the spouse's expression of anger on scales measuring perceptions of appropriateness, competence, and satisfaction. Findings contradicted conventional wisdom and research findings on assertive communication. Implications of the results along with suggestions for future research were offered.
Pathological Zinc-rich Synapses

EXPERIMENTAL carbon-monoxide hypoxia in the guinea pig, if sufficient in tempo or duration to produce seizure, tends to create nerve-cell soma changes of the ‘eosinophilic ischaemic’ type relatively selectively in ‘region CA2’ of the hippocampal pyramids. ‘CA2’ may be defined as the zone of CA3-type large neurones the apical-dendrite shafts of which are traversed by the end-bulb of the mossy fibre system1, and is particularly well delineated in the guinea pig because the ‘mischzone’ that occurs between CA1 and CA3-type pyramids in most other mammals is here negligible and the end-bulb is unusually bulbous.
Clinical and pathological features of an autosomal recessive neuropathy

Two siblings are described, ages 49 and 45 years, having a distinct hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) with severe peroneal nerve involvement. The neuropathic symptoms began in childhood. Both patients have sensorineural deafness. The proband was found to have a cardiac conduction abnormality in the absence of known ischemic heart disease. Electrodiagnostic studies were consistent with a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. The presence of parental consanguinity and absence of affected individuals in succeeding or preceding generations suggested that the sensorimotor neuropathy in this family is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The sural nerve of the proband had significant loss of myelinated fibers and demyelination but few regenerating myelinated fibers and no onion-bulbs. The pathological findings, while nonspecific, are not characteristic of the hypertrophic, neuronal or intermediate types of HMSN.
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Micro-Heater

This research addresses the problem of not having access to a localized heating device that easily integrates a variety of testing needs with MEMS packaging. This device can heat MEMS while simultaneously in vacuum, exposed to harsh gases and on a rate table. The solution is a micro-heater built directly into its packaging with the capability to test MEMS at vacuum, which can be pumped down to 1 Torr in a fraction of a second and heats the device to approximately 170 degrees Celsius to simulate the temperatures MEMS devices endure. This packaging integrated with a testing device can accommodate a broad range of MEMS devices.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The integrated DM approach within the Scottish National Health System

Background : Scotland has historically had one of the highest rates of poor health and corresponding work related absence in the developed world. To address this challenge, the Scottish government formed a specialised unit in 2006, the Scottish Centre for Healthy Working Lives (SCHWL). Functioning as an extension of the government funded National Health System (NHS), SCHWL's principle goal was to engage employers and enable them to protect and improve the health of their employees. Hypothesis : The establishment of disability management services within the National Health Service would create a primary link between medical/health services and employers/employees, resulting in improved timeframes for return to work and reduced absence rates. Methods : The SCHWL established three pilot projects to deliver Vocational Rehabilitation Services across Scotland. This included the provision of disability management services to enable workers to return to or remain in work, with the intention of creating a necessary bridge between the health care system and employers/employees. SCHWL determined that specialised training of health professional staff working within the NHS would be a critical requirement for success. In 2009, SCHWL engaged KMG Health Partners to begin delivery of the NIDMAR education programme to a cross section of staff working within the NHS. KMG has now trained over 50 health professionals who have achieved their Certified Disability Management Professional (CDMP) designation and who work with the NHS across Scotland. Principle Findings: The CDMP's function as a critical link between the traditional health services accessed at the initial stages of an employee's injury or illness. Their primary role facilitates and supports return to work from the initial onset of medical/health treatment. Conclusion : The innovative approach implemented by SCHWL has achieved measurable improvements in the communication process between NHS treating health professionals and employers, employer engagement in the return to work process, and reduced employee timeframes for return to work.
Home-Range Formation and Dispersal of Deer in Northeastern Minnesota

Eleven white-tailed ( Odocoileus virginianus ) does and their offspring (10 male and 6 female fawns) were radio-tracked for up to 56 months (2,725 total deer locations) in Minnesota's Superior National Forest from November 1974 through August 1983. All fawns wintered in yards with their does and migrated in spring to their does' summer ranges where they then separated from the does. By 17 months of age, seven males had established new summer ranges up to 9.6 km away, whereas the other three used the same summer ranges as their does, up to at least 29 months of age. One male established a new winter range, but six others continued to use the winter ranges of their does. The female fawns used the same summer range as their does, or areas immediately adjacent, and migrated to and from the same winter ranges, some with their does, for up to 3 years of age. The one female that we followed beyond this age migrated separately to and from the same winter yard during her fifth year. The data fit a hypothesis that non-incestuous inbreeding is common in vertebrates.
Outcome of patients with acute coronary syndromes and moderate coronary lesions undergoing deferral of revascularization based on fractional flow reserve assessment.

Objectives: To determine the outcome of consecutive patients with and without acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in whom revascularization was deferred on the basis of fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background: FFR < 0.75 correlates with ischemia on noninvasive tests and deferral of treatment on the basis of FFR is associated with low event rates in selected populations. Whether these low event rates apply to patients undergoing assessment of moderate stenoses in association with an ACS is not known and is an important clinical question. Methods: Retrospective analysis and 12 month follow-up of consecutive, moderate (50–70%) de novo coronary lesions assessed with FFR. Results: Revascularization was deferred in 120 lesions (111 patients) with FFR ≥ 0.75. ACS was present in 35 patients (40 lesions). The clinical, angiographic and coronary hemodynamic characteristics of patients with and without ACS were similar. Among the 35 patients with ACS, there were 3 deaths, 1 MI, and 6 target vessel revascularizations (TVRs) (15% of lesions). Among the 76 patients without ACS, there were 5 deaths, 1 MI, and 7 TVR's (9% of lesions). Conclusions: Deferral of revascularization based on FFR in patients with ACS and moderate coronary stenoses is associated with acceptable and low event rates at 1 year. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Black Widow Spider Venom on the Frog Neuromuscular Junction: Effects on End-plate Potential, Miniature End-plate Potential and Nerve Terminal Spike

Black widow spider venom causes exhaustion of miniature end-plate activity and depletes the nerve terminal of vesicles.
Evaluating the Research on Strategy Content

This article defines the domain of strategy content research as embracing decisions about the goals, scope, and/or competitive strategies of a corporation or one of its business units. It reviews and evaluates several important streams of strategy content research (goals, diversification, strategic groups, market share, competitive strategy taxonomies, and stages of market evolution) in terms of the relationships among environmental conditions, strategic decisions, and performance results. It also makes recommendations for future research.
Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Edible Oils in a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Reactor. Sensory and Compositional Characteristics of Low Trans Soybean Oils

Soybean oils were hydrogenated either electrochemically with Pd at 50 or 60°C to iodine values (IV) of 104 and 90 or commercially with Ni to iodine values of 94 and 68. To determine the composition and sensory characteristics, oils were evaluated for triacylglycerol (TAG) structure, stereospecific analysis, fatty acids, solid fat index, and odor attributes in room odor tests. Trans fatty acid contents were 17 and 43.5% for the commercially hydrogenated oils and 9.8% for both electrochemically hydrogenated products. Compositional analysis of the oils showed higher levels of stearic and linoleic acids in the electrochemically hydrogenated oils and higher oleic acid levels in the chemically hydrogenated products. TAG analysis confirmed these findings. Monoenes were the predominant species in the commercial oils, whereas dienes and saturates were predominant components of the electrochemically processed samples. Free fatty acid values and peroxide values were low in electrochemically hydrogenated oils, indicating no problems from hydrolysis or oxidation during hydrogenation. The solid fat index profile of a 15∶85 blend of electrochemically hydrogenated soybean oil (IV=90) with a liquid soybean oil was equivalent to that of a commercial stick margarine. In room odor evaluations of oils heated at frying temperature (190°C), chemically hydrogenated soybean oils showed strong intensities of an undesirable characteristic hydrogenation aroma (waxy, sweet, flowery, fruity, and/or crayon-like odors). However, the electrochemically hydrogenated samples showed only weak intensities of this odor, indicating that the hydrogenation aroma/flavor would be much less detectable in foods fried in the electrochemically hydrogenated soybean oils than in chemically hydrogenated soybean oils. Electrochemical hydrogenation produced deodorized oils with lower levels of trans fatty acids, compositions suitable for margarines, and lower intensity levels of off-odors, including hydrogenation aroma, when heated to 190°C than did commercially hydrogenated oil.
Assessing the Quality of Decision Making in Special Education

While there has been a growing interest in obtaining and using diagnostic information in the evaluation of youngsters with handicapping conditions, relatively little attention has been paid to the interpretation of this information in making decisions. This paper reviews measures of decision making frequently applied within special education, and presents the rationale and procedure for applying receiver-operating-characteristic analysis to the field of special education. Implications for screening and diagnosis are discussed.
A synthetic polymer matrix for the delayed or pulsatile release of water-soluble peptides.

Abstract The design of a polymeric peptide release system with a controlled delay time and a burst-free pre-release phase is described. In general, the system consists of a blend of a tyrosine-derived polyarylate and a fast-degrading copolymer of lactic and glycolic acid (PLGA). Due to the peptide-like structure of the polyarylate backbone, peptide–polymer interactions prevented the release of peptide from neat polyarylate films. The addition of PLGA acts as a ‘delayed’ excipient: as PLGA degrades, it generates acidic degradation products that cause a drop in the internal pH of the polyarylate matrix. This drop in pH weakens the peptide–polymer interactions and causes the release of peptide to commence. The initial molecular weight of PLGA can be used to control the length of time before degradation occurs. Consequently, this parameter can also be used to control the duration of the delay period prior to peptide release. As a specific model system, blends of poly(DTH adipate) with three different copolymers of lactic and glycolic acid were prepared and used for the delayed release of Integrilin™, a synthetic water-soluble heptapeptide (clinically used in antithrombic injections) that acts as a highly potent glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist. Blends composed of a 1:1 weight ratio of poly(DTH adipate) and PLGA and containing Integrilin™ (15%, w/w) were prepared. In vitro release studies were conducted in phosphate buffered solution at 37°C and the release of Integrilin™ was followed by HPLC. As the initial molecular weight of PLGA varied from 12 000 to 62 000, the duration of the delay period prior to release increased from 5 to 28 days.
Retail cooperatives: group size, group identification, communication frequency and relationship effectiveness

Observes that the group size of some US retail hardware cooperatives increased during the 1990s, as cooperative managements strove to increase the quantity and quality of group members. For example, a 1997 merger doubled the membership of one group. Large size was deemed necessary to achieve the economies of scope and scale needed to compete in an intense retail marketplace. Group research generally shows that large size has a negative impact on group dynamics. The current study examines size of retail hardware cooperative groups in relation to group identification, communication frequency, and relationship effectiveness. Findings show that size does not influence the relationships between the variables in the study. Also, a member’s level of group identification is a primary driver of perceptions of relationship effectiveness. The higher the identification with the group, the more effective the relationship is perceived to be by the member.
Correction procedures in A-Br transfer: Error elimination?

Feedback in A-Br transfer was varied, with Ss given specific correction (SC) on error trials by getting the correct pairing or given outcome correction (OC) on error trials by being given outcome information only (“right”/“wrong”). Error elimination was considered more likely with OC than with SC. Relative to A-B, C-D, there was more negative transfer for the Ss learning A-B, A-Br with OC feedback on both lists than was the case for Ss given SC feedback. This difference presumably resulted because the repairing made an elimination correct, and this interference combined with associative interference to increase negative transfer. Negative transfer was reduced when the stimuli allowed a recoding of the functional stimulus, i.e., low formal similarity of CVCs, independent of the feedback procedure.
GUT-MARKER AND GUT-FULLNESS METHODS FOR ESTIMATING FIELD AND LABORATORY EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ON INGESTION RATES OF DEPOSIT-FEEDERS'

Abstract By developing a method for quantifying feeding rate in the presence of sediment transport, we determined whether sediment transport or one of its correlates influenced feeding rate of deposit-feeders in the field. The method entailed application and subsequent removal of magnet-susceptible marker particles, so that no marker was present in the ambient sediments during the period over which feeding rate actually was measured. Error variance was reduced by a paired statistical design in which the technique was used twice in the same individuals, to assess feeding rate immediately prior to the sediment transport event as well as during it. Low levels of sediment transport significantly affected feeding rates of Pseudopolydora kempi japonica Imajima & Hartman (a spionid polychaete) both in a small, imprecise, laboratory flume and in an intertidal environment characterized from late spring through early fall by a short pulse of sediment transport coincident with the incoming tide. Deposit-feeding rates immediately after the latter pulse were enhanced by a (geometric) mean of 50% in field trials from May through October. Both in the laboratory and in the field, however, the magnitude of the (albeit statistically significant) sediment transport effect was overshadowed by variation due to nutritional history of individuals and to other unidentified factors. The form of the field data for P. kempi japonica (feeding rates estimated for two successive intervals in the same individuals) allowed us, in addition, to analyze the response of gut fullness to mean feeding rate (averaged over the two feeding bouts), previous feeding rate (first bout), most recent feeding rate (second bout) or recent change in feeding rate (difference between first and second bouts). The strongest correlation was found with the last of these variables, suggesting that gut fullness may provide a tracer-free method of gaining some kinetic information on continuously feeding animals. Contrary to prevailing impressions, gut fullness in such continous feeders may provide more information on recent change in feeding rate than on feeding rate itself. We gathered additional data on P. kempi japonica that differed in emersion history (in tide-pools versus outside them prior to the pulse of sediment transport with the incoming tide) but were not exposed to markers. Animals both inside and outside tide-pools showed fuller guts immediately after the sediment transport pulse, consistent with an interpretation of accelerated feeding caused by some aspect of the sediment transport event. Incidentally collected individuals of Hobsonia florida (Hartman) (an intertidal ampharetid polychaete), on the other hand, showed no obvious response to the same conditions that triggered accelerated feeding and fuller guts in Pseudopolydora kempi japonica.
Benchmarking parallel image analysis systems

Parallel image analysis systems are shown by the Abingdon Cross benchmark to excel over all other architectures both in terms of speed and cost performance. The Abingdon Cross benchmark is task specific so that the performance of the system under test can be optimized and adjusted to take full advantage of the system's capabilities. The authors have devised a new set of benchmarks for parallel image analysis systems consisting of individual tests of the following operations: (1) Point process, (2) integer convolution, (3) Fourier transform, (4) Boolean algebra, (5) histograming, (6) maximum ranking, (7) median ranking, (8) erosion! dilation, (9) memory to disk transfer, and (10) memory to display transfer.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A fully polynomial time approximation scheme for weighted job-dependent earliness-tardiness problem with agreeable ratios

This article considers a job scheduling problem arising in JIT context where a job may incur both earliness and tardiness penalty and these penalties are dependent on the job as well as amount of earliness and tardiness. Special cases of the problems have been shown to be NP-Complete. To the best of our knowledge, there is no fully polynomial approximation scheme (FPTAS) for this problem. This article proposes a FPTAS for the problem.
Total energy calculations for ZrO2

Abstract Total energy calculations are presented for zirconia in its tetragonal and cubic structure. The results show that the phase transition from tetragonal to cubic is driven by the thermal motion of the oxygen atoms. The theoretical value of the cohesive energy is in good agreement with experiment. The electric field gradients are in agreement with the experimental values obtained from Perturbed Angular Correlation measurements. This indicates that the lattice distortion around the probe tantalum nucleaus is small.
N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase is expressed by non-myelinating Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system

n-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase is a membrane-bound brain peptidase which cleaves the neuropeptiden-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate ton-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate. In the present study, we have determined the localization ofn-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase in the peripheral nervous system. Using enzyme assays and immunoblotting, we demonstrate that sciatic nerve, phrenic nerve, cervical dorsal root ganglion and superior cervical ganglion containn-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase activity as well as ann-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like protein. Furthermore, we show thatn-acetylated. alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like immunoreactivity is extensively co-localized in peripheral nerves with immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, a known marker for non-myelinating Schwann cells. Using electron microscopy, we demonstraten-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase-like immunoreactivity in cell membranes of non-myelinating Schwann cells in the superior cervical ganglion. These results show thatn-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase is expressed in the peripheral nervous system by non-myelinating Schwann cells. This cellular localization suggests thatn-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase may be involved in the signalling between axons and Schwann cells, for example during development or regeneration.