cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First‐principles modeling for the electro‐oxidation of small molecules

The electrocatalytic oxidation of small organic molecules is of great interest in the development of direct liquid fuel cells. While much is known concerning the overall electrocatalytic chemistry, the mechanisms and active sites which control these reactions remain elusive. The advances that have taken place in computation together with new method developments have made theory an invaluable partner with experiment in elucidating the mechanisms and sites that control electrocatalysis. Recent advances in ab initio methods for modeling electrochemical systems and their application to modeling the oxidation of methanol, formic acid and ethanol are discussed herein. The results reveal that while each of these fuels can be oxidized via direct and indirect routes, the controlling paths are function of the molecule as well as the size and configuration of the active surface sites. Methanol proceeds via indirect oxidation paths which require ensemble sizes of at least 3 metal atoms. Formic acid which internally contains CO2 proceeds instead via a direct path over just 1–2 metal atoms. Ethanol is oxidized primarily to acetaldehyde and acetic acid and requires the presence of defect sites to activate the CC bond. The unique nature of the active site for each of these fuels reveals different alloying effects. Keywords: Ab initio density functional theory (DFT); electrocatalytic oxidation mechanisms; ensemble size effects
Trajectory-based change detection for automated characterization of forest disturbance dynamics

Satellite sensors are well suited to monitoring changes on the Earth's surface through provision of consistent and repeatable measurements at a spatial scale appropriate for many processes causing change on the land surface. Here, we describe and test a new conceptual approach to change detection of forests using a dense temporal stack of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. The central premise of the method is the recognition that many phenomena associated with changes in land cover have distinctive temporal progressions both before and after the change event, and that these lead to characteristic temporal signatures in spectral space. Rather than search for single change events between two dates of imagery, we instead search for these idealized signatures in the entire temporal trajectory of spectral values. This trajectory-based change detection is automated, requires no screening of non-forest area, and requires no metric-specific threshold development. Moreover, the method simultaneously provides estimates of discontinuous phenomena (disturbance date and intensity) as well as continuous phenomena (post-disturbance regeneration). We applied the method to a stack of 18 Landsat TM images for the 20-year period from 1984 to 2004. When compared with direct interpreter delineation of disturbance events, the automated method accurately labeled year of disturbance with 90% overall accuracy in clear-cuts and with 77% accuracy in partial-cuts (thinnings). The primary source of error in the method was misregistration of images in the stack, suggesting that higher accuracies are possible with better registration.
Productivity in Service Industries: Implications of the Boskin Commission Report

The topic I chose for this occasion is the Boskin Commission report on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and its implications for your business or the business of this country. I am not going to try to tell you your business; I am going to try to tell you something about the way this broad issue relates to your business.
Response of Hydrilla to selected dyes

Abstract The perennial submersed noxious aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata (Royle) was treated with well water solutions of methylene blue, hematoporphyrin, and Eosin Y, and compared with control systems. Statistically significant reductions in growth were observed for treatments with all three dyes at initial dye concentrations of 10‐4 M. Typically, reductions in growth of 30 percent on a relative basis for the test systems were observed. Methylene blue was adsorbed onto the plant, raising the possibility that shading could be affecting plant growth. Similar adsorption was not noted for the other two dyes. Though two dyes are used as redox indicators, the third — hematoporphyrin — is not but a common mechanism of action may be proposed: that the dyes are involved in photodynamic action. It is possible that natural products may act in a similar manner to manage hydrilla through photodynamic action, and the implications of this hypothesis are considered.
An optimal multiplication algorithm for reconfigurable mesh

It is shown that multiplication of two N-bit integers can be performed in O(1) time on N*N reconfigurable mesh. This result is obtained by combining the O(1) time multiplication algorithm on N*N/sup 2/ reconfigurable mesh, the Rader transform, and decomposition of one-dimensional convolution into multidimensional convolution. Choosing the Radar transform at the expense of long word length frees one from storing twiddle factors in advance, which is needed in other designs. It is also shown that the present algorithm can be simulated on other restricted reconfigurable mesh models without asymptotic increase in time or number of processing elements. It is shown that the present result can be extended to provide area-time tradeoffs in the usual bit model of VLSI to satisfy AT/sup 2/ optimality over 1 >
The place of third-generation regimens in the treatment of adult aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Diffuse large cell lymphoma, the most common form of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, has been known to be curable with combination chemotherapy for almost 20 years. Although occasional patients were cured with regimens like COP (cyclophosphamide/vincristine/prednisone) the development of four-drug regimens made cure possible in a significant percentage of patients. Subsequently, newer, so-called third-generation regimens incorporated even more drugs with an apparent increase in the cure rate. However, the identification of important clinical and biologic features in the patient or the tumor that predict for treatment outcome (prognostic factors) has complicated comparison between nonrandomized and nonconcurrent trials. Recently, the Southwest Oncology Group presented data from pilot studies showing that patients treated with ProMACE-CytaBOM (procarbazine/methotrexate/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/etoposide- cytarabine/bleomycin/vincristine/methotrexate), m-BACOD (methotrexate-bleomycin/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/dexa met hasone) , and MACOD-B (methotrexate/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide/vincristine/dexamethasone- ble omycin) did not seem to do better than patients treated in the past with CHOP cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone). Also, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group has presented a study in which patients treated with a six-drug regimen did no better than those treated with a CHOP-like regimen. Some have interpreted these reports to mean that all patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma should receive CHOP, since they feel it to be safer. I believe this is not a good interpretation of the available data for the following reasons: (1) when administered at maximum tolerated doses, CHOP has the same approximate 5% treatment-related mortality seen with all regimens; (2) when CHOP is given at reduced (ie, safer) doses, it is not as effective; and (3) it is not yet clear that all patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma are the same in their response to treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Airport detection in large aerial optical imagery

A method to detect airports in large aerial optical imagery is considered. Combining texture segmentation and shape detection, this method shows advantages in analyzing large aerial imagery. First, large aerial images are segmented and interpreted according to textural features using a fast kernel matching pursuits (KMP) algorithm. As a result, attention is then paid to small regions of interest, extracted from the large images. Second, for each region of interest, a corresponding binary image is generated via the Canny edge operator, yielding a modified Hough transform image with which we search for elongated rectangles with desired dimensions (characteristic of runways). Those detected rectangles are declared as runways and the corresponding region of interest as an airport. Application on a dozen aerial images from southern California, demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Micromachined silicon transmission electron microscopy grids for direct characterization of as-grown nanotubes

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a key technique in the structural characterization of carbon nanotubes. For device applications, carbon nanotubes are typically grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on silicon substrates. However, TEM requires very thin samples, which are electron transparent. Therefore, for TEM analysis, CVD grown nanotubes are typically deposited on commercial TEM grids by post-processing. However, this procedure can damage the nanotubes, and it does not work reliably if the nanotube density is too low. The ability to do TEM directly on as-grown nanotubes on the silicon substrate would solve these problems. For this purpose, we have fabricated micromachined silicon TEM grids with narrow open slits on them. Since the nanotubes grown on these substrates are suspended freely over the open slits, the micromachined substrates form a natural TEM grid for direct imaging of CVD grown nanotubes. Furthermore, the background noise is significantly reduced during micro-Raman spectroscopy, resulting in a better signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, these micromachined Si substrates provide a low cost, mass producible, efficient, and reliable platform for direct TEM, SEM, AFM, and Raman characterization of as-grown nanotubes. These grids can be used for characterizing a wide range of other nanomaterials, including peapods, nanowires, and nanofibres.
Trajectory planning for two manipulators to deform flexible materials using compliant motion

Coordinating two robot manipulators to handle flexible materials has a wide range of applications in the manufacturing industry. However, this problem has not been seriously addressed until recently. The two robot manipulators have to follow complicated trajectories to maintain a minimum interaction force with the flexible beam. These trajectories are very complicated and not suitable for real time systems. A compliant motion scheme is proposed to reduce the interaction forces and moments. The stability of the proposed system is investigated. Experimental results encourage the proposed scheme.
An iterative energy-centroid method for recalibration of PMT gain in PET or gamma camera

In gamma and PET cameras, photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are still the most popular photosensors. The gain uniformity of the PMTs in those instruments is very important for preventing degradation in image resolution and distortion. When an Anger decoding detector head is exposed to a uniform flood source and without lead collimation, the energy spectrum acquired by any single PMT has no photopeak for conducting recalibration. A method using the centroid of a wide energy spectrum even without photopeak as a gain-tuning index is presented in this paper. With a uniform flood illumination without collimation, the gain equalization of PMTs within an array can be tuned to its initial level by an iterative centroid match. If an electrically adjustable gain control circuitry such as tunable PMT high-voltage or variable gain amplifier (VGA) is applied, the recalibration can be done automatically with this method. Our experiments demonstrated a 2.5-3% gain accuracy that is enough to eliminate the distortion in the total energy and the two-dimension decoding. The counting efficiency increases significantly and the calibrating or system-tuning time will be shortened because of efficiency improvement.
Chaotic attractors and physical measures for some density dependent Leslie population models

Following ecologists' discoveries, mathematicians have begun studying extensions of the ubiquitous age structured Leslie population model that allow some survival probabilities and/or fertility rates to depend on population densities. These nonlinear extensions commonly exhibit very complicated dynamics: through computer studies, some authors have discovered robust Henon-like strange attractors in several families.Population biologists and demographers frequently wish to average a function over many generations and conclude that the average is independent of the initial population distribution. This type of 'ergodicity' seems to be a fundamental tenet in population biology. In this paper we develop the first rigorous ergodic theoretic framework for density dependent Leslie population models. We study two generation models with Ricker and Hassell (recruitment type) fertility terms. We prove that for some parameter regions these models admit a chaotic (ergodic) attractor which supports a unique physical probability measure. This physical measure, having full Lebesgue measure basin, satisfies in the strongest possible sense the population biologist's requirement for ergodicity in their population models.We use the celebrated work of Wang and Young 2001 Commun. Math. Phys. 218 1–97, and our results are the first applications of their method to biology, ecology or demography.
Pneumolysin Localizes to the Cell Wall of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative agent of multiple diseases, including otitis media, pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Pneumolysin (Ply), a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolytic pore-forming toxins, is produced by virtually all clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae, and strains in which the Ply gene has been deleted are severely attenuated in mouse models of infection. In contrast to all other members of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family, Ply lacks a signal peptide for export. Instead, Ply has been hypothesized to be released upon autolysis or, alternatively, via a nonautolytic mechanism that remains ill defined. We determined by use of cell fractionation and Western blotting that, during in vitro growth, exported Ply is localized primarily to the cell wall compartment in 18 different serotypes in the absence of detectable cell lysis. Hemolytic assays revealed that this cell wall-localized Ply is active. Additionally, cell wall-localized Ply is accessible to extracellular protease and is detergent releasable.
Legal and Ethical Problems in Clinical Research

Modern concepts of the ethics and regulation of clinical research began after World War II when the Nazi physicians' atrocities became known to the world. The ten principles now known as the Nuremberg Code were written by the judges who presided over the war crimes trials of the Nazi physicians. In 1964, the World Medical Association published the Declaration of Helsinki, which emphasized, among other things, that clinical research should be conducted only by medically qualified persons and that clinical research on human beings cannot be undertaken without their free and informed consent. The Commission identified three fundamental ethical principles as relevant to the ethics of research involving human subjects: respect for persons, beneficence, and distributive justice. The purpose of ethical norms is to indicate how the requirements of the three fundamental principles may be met in the conduct of research involving human subjects.
Examining Preservice Teachers' Beliefs about Disciplinary Literacy in History through a Blog Project.

ABSTRACTThis qualitative case study explored preservice teachers’ (PSTs) beliefs about disciplinary literacy as they engaged in a blog project with middle-school students to discuss historical texts. Twenty-eight PSTs, enrolled in a semester-long social studies methods course and participating in the blog project as a course assignment, constituted the case study. Data were collected through semistructured and informal interviews, classroom observations, questionnaires, audio/video recordings, and blog postings and analyzed using a constant comparative analysis. Emergent successive themes focused on positive PST perspectives about disciplinary literacy, the impact of practice on beliefs about disciplinary literacy, and the influence of continued blog writing on beliefs. Findings indicated how extended experiences working with middle-school students in a low-risk blog setting may promote positive beliefs about using disciplinary literacy in instruction, but those beliefs may be malleable as PSTs’ experienc...
From Beans to Genes-Back to the Future'

Developments in radiation biology have inevitably paralleled the evolution of systems and end points in the wider field of biology. I review the development of three areas that have interested me during the 35 years that I have been involved with radiation research. (1) The dose-rate effect. My first graduate student, Joel Bedford, and I demonstrated the dependence of mammalian cell killing on the dose rate at which gamma rays are delivered. These studies led to the recent development of pulsed low-dose-rate brachytherapy and the design of a new machine for clinical use. (2) Hypoxic radiosensitizers and bioreductive drugs. The hypothesis that the presence of foci of hypoxic cells in human tumors could limit their curability by gamma rays led to the development of nitromidazales that preferentially sensitize hypoxic cells. Our contributions included the observation that misonidazole was also cytotoxic to hypoxic cells, that sensitization was increased by prolonged preincubation, and that the mechanism involved depletion of thiols. More recently we have collaborated with Ged Adams and Bob Sutherland in the development of a new generation of hypoxic cell cytotoxins. In particular, we have been concerned with the assessment of oncogenicity in relation to drug structure. (3) Oncogenic transformation in vitro. The use of in vitro assays for oncogenic transformation has represented a major interest for this laboratory largely due to collaborations first with Carmia Borek, and more recently with Richard Miller and Tom Hei. We published the first dose-response curves for gamma rays, and more recently for a range of neutron energies and for charged particles of defined LET. Radiation-induced oncogenic transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells has been shown to be due to a dominant acting transforming gene, which has been isolated and is in the process of being characterized and sequenced by Greg Freyer.
The Capacious and Consistent Mind of Elizabeth Anscombe

The St Andrews Studies in Philosophy and Public Affairs, a series run under the auspices of the Centre for Ethics, Philosophy, and Public Affairs at the University of St Andrews and overseen by Joh...
Analysis On The 20 Years Monitoring Data Of The Control Effect Of Kaschin-Beck Diease In Nanzheng County,Shanxi Province

Objective To analyze the control effect of Kaschin-Beck diease(KBD) in Nanzheng county,and provide a basis for the control of KBD.Method In 1989,1999 and 2009,three general surveys of KBD were conducted for all the residents in three Monitoring Sites of Nanzheng county respectively.Results Compared with 1989,the overall detection rate in 1999 reduced by 15.01%,and the prevalence rate dropped by 9.12%,both of these two rates had significant differences in 1989 and 1999(P0.001).Compared with 1999,the overall detection rate and the prevalence rate in 2009 reduced by 11.61% and 6.44% respectively,both of them had significant differences in 1999 and 2009(P0.001).Compared with 1989,the overall detection rate and the prevalence rate in 2009 reduced by 26.62% and 15.56% respectively.Significant differences were also found in 1999 and 2009(P0.001).In 1989,1999 and 2009,the detection rate of KBD with X-ray for children aged 6 to 13 were 33.93%,8.53% and 1.18% respectively,and the differences of the detection rate in three years were notable(P0.001).Conclusion KBD in Nanzheng decrease obviously.The control effect was significant and the measure was effective.Thus,it should be implement constantly to control KBD.
Tap, click, read: growing readers in a world of screens

If you are reading this in public, look up for a moment and survey your current landscape. For me, while reading this book and writing this review, my landscapes largely consisted of airplanes and ...
Acquisition of Chinese aspect: an analysis of the interlanguage of learners of Chinese as a foreign language

This study investigates the acquisition of Chinese aspect markers of -le, -guo, and -zhe by English-speaking learners at the university level. The speech and written data produced by students at two different levels of proficiency were collected, compared and analyzed. The results show that English-speaking learners of Chinese acquire the perfective aspect marker -le and the past experience marker -guo before the durative aspect marker -zhe. The process by which learners acquire the aspect markers appears be meaning-based and can be summarized into: 1) looking for logical temporal sequences; 2) using time adverbials and conjunction for the time references; 3) using lexical aspects and word meanings; and 4) using pragmatic cues with the aspect markers of -le and -guo. Learners, especially at the lower level of proficiency, rely more on the time adverbial expressions and lexical aspects than learners at the more advanced level
A boundary element solution of the edge crack problem

The equations of the boundary element method and of a stressed semi-infinite crack in an infinite plane are combined to formulate the solution to the finite edge cracked plate. The coupled integral equations are solved numerically by the most elementary form of the boundary element method and by Gaussian quadrature. Results for the stress intensity factor and crack opening displacements are presented for several fundamental problems.
High power single lateral mode 1050 nm laser diode bar

We present recent development of single lateral mode 1050 nm laser bars. The devices are based on an InGaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well and an asymmetric large optical cavity waveguide structure. By optimizing the AlGaAs composition, doping profiles, and QW thickness, the low internal loss of 0.5 cm-1 and high internal quantum efficiency of 98% are obtained. A standard bar (10% fill factor; 4mm cavity length) reaches 72% peak electro-optical efficiency and 1.0 W/A slope efficiency at 25°C. To achieve high single lateral mode power, the current confinement and optical loss profile in lateral direction are carefully designed and optimized to suppress higher order lateral modes. We demonstrate 1.5W single lateral mode power per emitter from a 19-emitter 10mm bar at 25°C. High electro-optical efficiency are also demonstrated at 25°C from two separate full-bar geometries on conduction cooled packaging: 20 W with <50% electro-optical efficiency from a 19-emitter bar and 50 W with <45% electro-optical efficiency from a 50-emitter bar.
Endothelial dysfunction inhibits the ability of haptoglobin to prevent hemoglobin-induced hypertension

Coadministraton of haptoglobin but not hemopexin with cell-free hemoglobin prevents hemoglobin-induced systemic hypertension in mice with a normal endothelium. In contrast, treatment with the same ...
Cluster analysis to improve food classification within commodity groups.

Mathematical clustering algorithms were used to classify foods within dairy, grain, and fat commodity groups on the basis of nutrients with limited availability in the food supply as well as those posing a possible health risk due to excess consumption. The procedure overcomes the problem that has made objective and accurate grouping, i.e., dealing simultaneously with 10 or more nutrients, difficult. The clustering routine classifies foods on the basis of similar nutrient content for any number of food attributes and assigns a degree of association to each food to indicate its compositional similarity to a prototype food for the cluster group. Foods within dairy, grain, and fat commodity groups were clustered on the basis of similar content of vitamin B-6, calcium, iron, magnesium, folacin, zinc, and added sugar, fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Whole milk and natural cheese clustered together on the basis of their moderate nutrient and relatively high fat and sodium content. Whole wheat breads, pumpernickel bread, and pancakes from mix constituted a grain subgroup with highest nutrient content, lowest cholesterol and sugar, lower fat, and higher sodium. Other subgroups based upon similarities in attributes were identified within food commodity categories. The result is an expansion of some food groups to incorporate concepts of both nutritional adequacy and moderation of food components of current nutritional concern.
SERS, Raman, and DFT analyses of fentanyl and carfentanil: Toward detection of trace samples

We examine the normal Raman and the surface-enhanced Raman spectra of fentanyl and carfentanil. As an aid in the assignment of the spectral lines, we present a density functional theory calculation. Although Raman spectroscopy is a valuable analytic tool for the detection and identification of molecular species, it is a weak effect and requires specialized equipment for detection of trace samples. We therefore turn to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, which utilizes the large enhancement of the Raman signal endowed by proximity to silver or gold nanoparticles. The enhancement factor (EF) obtained in this experiment is ≥1.6 × 105. This points the way towards future development of a simple and sensitive technique for the detection of analytes in trace quantities, particularly for wider application in forensic science.
Congressional committees, legislative influence, and the hegemony of chairs

Abstract Congressional committees play a central role in policymaking, and the members of the most important committees are thought to be particularly powerful, but committee chairs have received less scholarly attention. We study the effects of congressional committee positions on legislative influence—analyzing legislative effectiveness, campaign contributions, and the implied value of being lobbied—and utilizing a within-member design that allows us to distinguish the effects of committee positions from selection into committee positions. We find little evidence that a seat on an important committee makes a member of Congress more powerful, but members do experience a significant increase in power when they become chair of a committee. Our results suggest that much of the power associated with committee positions in Congress is concentrated among a small set of chairs that play a disproportionate role in policymaking.
Primary central sleep apnea and anesthesia: a retrospective case series.

Primary (idiopathic) central sleep apnea (PCSA) is a rare central sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by increased chemoreceptor sensitivity to partial pressure of carbon dioxide, which manifests as hyperventilation followed by apnea during non-rapid eye movement sleep. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the postoperative course of patients who had PCSA and underwent procedures requiring anesthetic management. Patients who received a diagnosis of PCSA at our institution and required procedural anesthesia between 1 January 2010 and 1 June 2016 underwent a comprehensive review of their health records with a focus on identifying respiratory complications. Ten patients (nine males, one female) underwent 47 procedures requiring anesthetic management: 20 (43%) under general anesthesia, 25 (53%) with monitored anesthetic care, and two (4%) with regional anesthesia. Procedures were complicated by second-degree heart block in one patient and pneumonia in another two (one had Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and the other bronchoscopy to evaluate worsening lung infiltration). Hypoxemia (oxyhemoglobin saturation < 90% for three minutes) developed in three patients during anesthesia recovery. One was possibly due to PCSA—a 73-yr-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis who was moderately sedated and hypoxemic after orthopedic surgery; his oxygenation improved with an adaptive servoventilator positive airway pressure device and supplemental oxygen. His underlying medical condition or level of sedation may have contributed to hypoxemia. The other patients became hypoxemic after bronchoscopy. No other cases were complicated by postoperative respiratory compromise. No major adverse outcomes were related to PCSA postoperatively. Nevertheless, continuation of home positive airway pressure therapy during anesthesia recovery was useful in one patient who had cirrhosis and postoperative hypoxemia.
Severe Weather Watches and Risk Perception in a Hypothetical Decision Experiment

AbstractA great deal of research has been conducted regarding tornado warnings and protective actions taken, including some studies in which respondents were presented with hypothetical tornado war...
The performance of 9-11-year-old children using an SSVEP-based BCI for target selection.

Objective. In this paper, we report the performance of 9–11-year-old children using a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) and provide control data collected from adults for comparison. Children in our study achieved a much higher performance (79% accuracy; average age 9.64 years old) than the only previous investigation of children using an SSVEP-based BCI (~50% accuracy; average age 9.86 years old). Approach. Experiments were conducted in two phases, a short calibration phase and a longer experimental phase. An offline analysis of the data collected during the calibration phase was used to set two parameters for a classifier and to screen participants who did not achieve a minimum accuracy of 85%. Main results. Eleven of the 14 children and all 11 of the adults who completed the calibration phase met the minimum accuracy requirement. During the experimental phase, children selected targets with a similar accuracy (79% for children versus 78% for adults), latency (2.1 s for children versus 1.9 s for adults), and bitrate (0.50 bits s−1 for children and 0.56 bits s−1 for adults) as adults. Significance. This study shows that children can use an SSVEP-based BCI with higher performance than previously believed and is the first to report the performance of children using an SSVEP-based BCI in terms of latency and bitrate. The results of this study imply that children with severe motor disabilities (such as locked-in syndrome) may use an SSVEP-based BCI to restore/replace the ability to communicate.
Health assessment of the early adolescent. Challenges and clinical issues

Although early adolescence spans only 4 years, it is a critical time in the life of a young person in forming opinions and selecting options. Specific attention to the growing and changing needs of this population is imperative if their health status is to improve.
Integration of Psychology and Christianity: 2022:

This paper forecasts changes to the integration of Psychology and Christianity for the next decade. The focus of the paper is on proposals to address six trends that are seen as hope for the future...
Search for optimal designs in a three stagenested random model

In this paper we define a class of unbalanced designs, denoted by C_k,s,t, for estimating the components of variance in a k-stage nested random effects linear model. This class contains many of the designs proposed in the literature for nested components of variance models. We focus on the three-state model and discuss the determination of locally optimal designs within this class using a systematic computer search. For large sample sizes we show that approximate optimal designs may be obtained using a limit argument combined with numerical optimization. A comparison of our designs with previously published designs suggests that, in many cases, our designs result in substantial gains in efficiency.
Geometrical Efficiency Equation for Proton Recoil Telescopes

The geometrical efficiency equation for a proton recoil telescope exposed to a monoenergetic point neutron source is solved by a power series expansion that permits simple and accurate reduction of...
Effect of vitamin-E integration on delivery of prostaglandin analogs from therapeutic lenses

Abstract Hypothesis Glaucoma is effectively treated by prostaglandin analogs. Low corneal bioavailability ( Experiments Lens immersion in vitamin-E concentrated ethanol is done to enable formation of nano-barrier depots. Findings Pilot in vitro studies indicate that ACUVUE® OASYS® and ACUVUE® TruEye™ lenses loaded with ∼0.2 g of vitamin-E/g of hydrogel effectively prolong bimatoprost dynamics by 10–40-fold, delivering therapeutic dosages for >10 days. Incorporation of vitamin-E into the lenses retains visible light transmission and other properties. Further, vitamin-E integration does not influence latanoprost transport. An in vivo model involving coupled mass transport in the lens and post-lens tear film (POLTF) domains predicts >50% corneal bioavailability of bimatoprost delivered via modified lenses.
Girls in the Juvenile Justice System: The Causes and Correlates of Girls’ Involvement

Justice-involved girls are an exclusive yet heterogeneous group of adolescent girls whose behaviors range from persistent power struggles with their mothers to more serious assaultive behaviors. These are the girls for whom society struggles to understand which protective factors can sufficiently buffer the impact of childhood risks, which intervention programs are most effective, and ultimately what the critical influences of a girls’ involvement with the juvenile justice system are. There is not a single risk factor that can explain the development of delinquency; rather delinquent behaviors can be conceived as the nexus of personal experience, peer pressure, societal influence, biological proclivities, social support, and opportunity.
I’d Like to Have All the Characteristics of a Hero: A Case Study of Strength-Centered Therapy:

Strength-centered therapy (ST) is a therapeutic model based on character strengths in positive psychology and social constructionist perspectives on psychotherapy. Although there is no documented e...
Determining Consumer Preferences for Ecolabeled Forest Products: An Experimental Approach

Numerous studies have measured consumers'attitudes about forest products that are certified to have come from well-managed forests. Here we report an experimentthat measured actual consumer behavior. During the experiment, conducted at two Home Depot stores in Oregon, consumers were offered a choice between virtually identical "ecolabeled" and unlabeled plywood products. Data were collected bytrackingthe amount sold of each type. The presence of the label was associated with increased saleswhen the two productswere offered forthe same price, butwhen the certified plywood was priced at a premium, its sales fell. Because of the limited sample size and sample frame in this study, the results should not be considered applicable to the general population. An improved study design would give customers more information about certified products.
Ovarian remnant syndrome in an aromatase inhibitor‐treated patient with BRCA2 mutation following bilateral oophorectomy

Ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS), in which a portion of the ovary is retained following bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), is uncommon but can negatively impact patient management. Evaluation should be performed in a patient who has clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of ORS, especially in a premenopausal woman with breast cancer who is treated with an aromatase inhibitor following bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), or a woman with a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2 who undergoes BSO for ovarian cancer risk reduction.
3D Printing in Medical Libraries: A Crash Course in Supporting Innovation in Health Care

In 3D Printing in Medical Libraries: A Crash Course in Supporting Innovation in Health Care , Jennifer Herron shares her firsthand knowledge of establishing a 3D printing lab. The fourteen chapters in Herron’s book are packed with practical information based on her experience at the Indiana University School of Medicine’s Ruth Lilly Medical Library.
The vision of Developmental Teaching and Learning and Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives

Abstract Several well-known concepts in contemporary psychology and education are scrutinized from the standpoint of Developmental Teaching and Learning (DTL) framework grounded in Piotr Galperin's research. In particular, DTL reveals the need to take a fresh look at and radically revise the key suppositions that underlie the currently influential Bloom's Taxonomy of educational objectives. From the DTL perspective, the Taxonomy has multiple conceptual problems – it reflects a number of deeply entrenched and widely spread misconceptions about how the human mind works, how students learn, and therefore, how teachers need to teach. The major issue is that the Taxonomy is implicitly based on outdated mentalist assumptions and on the mechanistic model of human cognition as “information processing.” By contrast, DTL argues that knowledge is not “information” but rather a set of activities; activities cannot be “stored and retrieved” but can only be developed, enacted, and re-enacted. Thinking about the mind and students' cognitive abilities in terms of activities that are inseparable from the acting person, rather than in misleading terms of stages and levels of “objective information processing,” changes the entire discourse about educational goals, learning, and teaching.
Primary care utilization and barriers among pediatric cancer and bone marrow transplant survivors.

e22523Background: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on childhood cancer survivorship specified the need to create and evaluate standards and alternative models of care delivery, including coll...
Abstract 6331: Cloaking VEGF in small extracellular vesicles as a cause of adaptive resistance to anti-VEGF therapy

Despite the wide use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy (AVT) for many solid cancers, most of them become resistant to such therapy, resulting in progressive disease. Therefore, new biomarkers and strategies for blocking adaptive resistance of cancer to AVT are needed. Small extracellular vesicles (small EVs, with a size of Citation Format: Shaolin Ma, Lingegowda S. Mangala, Wen Hu, Emine Bayaktar, Wei Hu, Nicholas B. Jennings, Robert L. Coleman, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Anil K. Sood. Cloaking VEGF in small extracellular vesicles as a cause of adaptive resistance to anti-VEGF therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6331.
Modeling the Stochastic Dynamics of Influenza Epidemics with Vaccination Control, and the Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Model Parameters

This study presents a family of stochastic models for the dynamics of influenza in a closed human population. We consider treatment for the disease in the form of vaccination and incorporate the periods of effectiveness of the vaccine and infectiousness for the individuals in the population. Our model is a SVIR model, with trinomial transition probabilities, where all individuals who recover from the disease acquire permanent natural immunity against the strain of the disease. A special SVIR model in the stochastic family based on correlated vaccination and infection probabilities at any instant is presented. The methods of maximum likelihood and expectation–maximization algorithm are applied to find estimates for the parameters of the chain. Moreover, estimators for some special epidemiological control parameters, such as the basic reproduction number, are computed. A numerical simulation example is presented to find the MLE of the parameters of the model.
U.S. Shadow Economies: A State-Level Study

Recent studies of shadow economies focus primarily on cross-country comparisons. Few have examined regional or state-level variations in underground economic activity. This paper presents estimates of the shadow economy for 50 U.S. states over the period 1997 to 2008. Results suggest that tax and social welfare burdens, labor market regulations, and intensity of regulation enforcement are important determinants of the underground economy. Among the states, Delaware, on average, maintains the smallest shadow economy at 7.28% of GDP; Oregon, on average, has the second smallest shadow economy at 7.41% of GDP; followed by Colorado, averaging 7.52% of GDP, rounding out the three smallest shadow economies in the U.S. West Virginia and Mississippi, on average, have the largest shadow economies in the U.S. as a percent of GDP (9.32% and 9.54%, respectively).
Midcarpal Instability: A Comprehensive Review and Update

Midcarpal instability has been well described as a clinical entity but the pathokinematics and pathologic anatomy continue to be poorly understood. This article presents a comprehensive review of the existing knowledge and literature-based evidence for the diagnosis and management of the various entities comprising midcarpal instability. It discusses the limitations of the current understanding of midcarpal instability and proposes new directions for furthering knowledge of the causes and treatment of midcarpal instability and wrist pathomechanics in general.
Already in America: Transnational Homemaking among Liberian Refugees

This article explores how refugees at the Buduburam Liberian refugee settlement in Ghana constructed and imagined home in and through a place they have never been to—“America.” Drawing on ethnographic examples of homemaking at Buduburam, this article develops the concept of entanglement to show how preferences for and access to the three durable solutions of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees were influenced by centuries of transnational homemaking embedded in the histories of the transatlantic slave trade and colonization of Liberia. Refugees preferred and practised resettlement not as a final destination, but as an active form of transnationalism. The reconfiguration of homemaking through the lens of entanglement demonstrates the importance of developing migratory policies and practices that are attentive to historic and future forms of inequality. Resume Cet article s’engage a explorer la conceptualisation d’un domicile dans l’imaginaire des refugies liberiens internes au camp de Buduburam, situe au Ghana, pour lesquels l’idee d’un domicile se formait par l’intermediaire d’un lieu qu’ils n’avaient jamais visite, notamment l’«Amerique». Se basant sur des exemples ethnographiques d’etablissement de domicile a Buduburam, l’article, deploie le concept d’enchevetrement pour demontrer comment les preferences et l’acces relatifs aux trois solutions durables du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les refugies etaient influences par la nature transnationale d’etablir un domicile tout au long des siecles de l’histoire de la traite transatlantique des esclaves et de la colonisation de la Liberie. En ce qui concernait leurs preferences et leurs pratiques, les refugies ne consideraient pas la reinstallation comme une destination finale, mais plutot comme un processus toujours en cours de transnationalisme. Cette reconfiguration de l’idee de reinstallation demontre jusqu’a quel point il est important de developper des politiques et des pratiques reliees a la migration qui prennent en compte les formes d’inegalite historiques ainsi que celles qui pourraient se manifester dans l’avenir.
The Legal Characterization of Moses in the Rhetoric of the Pentateuch

The force of law depends on the authority of its promulgator. Self-characterizations by lawgivers play a vital role in persuading hearers and readers to accept law and in motivating them to obey it.1 Pentateuchal laws therefore join narratives in characterizing law-speakers as part of a rhetoric of persuasion.2 They present, however, two speakers of law, one divine (YHWH) and the other human (Moses). I will show that this dual voicing of pentateuchal law has two effects: it restricts Deuteronomy's prophetic characterization of Moses to the narrower definition of prophecy presented in the previous books, while it uses Moses' scribal role to present a unifying rhetoric of divine law.
Matrix conjugate gradients for the generation of high-resolution spectrograms

When only a limited number of snapshots is available for estimating the spatial correlation matrix, a low-rank solution of the MVDR equations, obtained via a small number of iterations of conjugate gradients (CG), can yield a higher SINK than the full-rank MVDR beamformer. The primary issue addressed in this paper is whether the unity gain constraint in the look direction should be enforced a-priori via the use of a blocking matrix, constituting steering dependent conjugate gradients (SD-CG), or effected a-posteriori through simple scaling of the beamforming vector, constituting steering independent conjugate gradients (SI-CG). It is proven that the two methods yield exactly the same low-rank beamformer. This is an important result since the construction, and application to the data, of a blocking matrix for each "look" direction represents a very substantial computational burden. A simplified expression for the power estimate obtained with the SI-CG beamformer is also presented. Simulations verify the efficacy of the theory.
Using terminal window graphics in CS1

Using graphics in introductory programming assignments has been shown to be a useful way to reinforce concepts and engage students. However, the complexity of modern GUI frameworks means that students must be shielded from the underlying complexity of those frameworks, usually through substantial wrapper APIs or project skeletons. In this paper, we describe Terminal Window Graphics---graphics drawn with text characters in a terminal window. This approach allows students to write graphical programs, but is less complex than "real" graphics.
Berry Fruit: Value-Added Products for Health Promotion

Bioactive Compounds of Berry Fruits Berry Crops: Worldwide Area and Production Systems, B.C. Strik Chemical Components of Berry Fruits, S.T. Talcott Berry Fruit Phytochemicals, L.R. Howard and T.J. Hager Natural Pigments of Berries: Functionality and Application, M M. Giusti and P. Jing Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Berry Fruits as Affected by Genotype, Preharvest Conditions, Maturity, and Postharvest Handling, S.Y. Wang The Potential Health Benefits of Phytochemicals in Berries for Protecting Against Cancer and Coronary Heart Disease, R.H. Liu Quality and Safety of Berry Fruit During Postharvest Handling and Storage Quality of Berries Associated with Preharvest and Postharvest Conditions, E. Mitcham Microbial Safety Concerns of Berry Fruit, M.A. Daeschel and P. Udompijitkul Postharvest Handling, Storage, and Treatment of Fresh Market Berries, C. Bower Processing Technologies for Developing Value-Added Berry Fruit Products Freezing Process of Berries, Y. Zhao Dehydration of Berries, F.E. Figuerola Commercial Canning of Berries, H. Ramaswamy and Y.Meng Berry Jams and Jellies, F.E. Figuerola Utilization of Berry Processing By-Products, Y. Zhao