cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rates of temperature change of airless landscapes and implications for thermal stress weathering

[1] Thermal stress weathering may play a role in the evolution of terrestrial-planet landscapes, particularly those without atmospheres, by contributing to rock breakdown, regolith production, and crater degradation. Damage occurs in the form of microscopic cracks that result from a thermal cycle or thermal shock. Terrestrial studies typically evaluate the efficacy of this process by measuring the rate of surface temperature change (dT/dt), using a damage threshold of 2 K/min. While the extent of this damage is unknown, we investigate its relative efficacy by modeling rates of temperature change on various airless surfaces. The magnitude of dT/dt values is primarily controlled by sunrise/set durations on quickly rotating bodies, such as Vesta, and by distance to the sun on slowly rotating bodies, such as Mercury. The strongest temperature shocks are experienced by highly sloped east- or west-facing surfaces. Hot thermal shocks (dT/dt > 0) tend to be stronger than cold shocks (dT/dt < 0), and on some bodies, daytime shadowing may produce higher dT/dt values than those caused by diurnal sunrise/set if the topography is optimally oriented. We find that high dT/dt values are not, however, always correlated with high temperature gradients within the rock. This adds to the ambiguity of the poorly understood damage threshold, warranting further research on the topic that goes beyond the simple 2 K/min criterion.
Does early antibiotic administration affect disposition or length of stay in patients with cryptic shock? A retrospective pilot study.

Recent published literature supports the recommendations of early antibiotic administration for patients with sepsis. However, certain patients with suspected sepsis do not manifest typical symptoms, such as perturbations in blood pressure and heart rate. To identify these high-risk patients, surrogate evidence of hypoperfusion such as hyperlactatemia and decreased central venous oxygen saturation may be employed. These patients are described as being in compensated or 'cryptic shock'. The current study investigates whether early administration of antibiotics affects the ICU or hospital length of stay (LOS) in patients with 'cryptic shock'.
Narrowband continuous-wave terahertz generation and imaging

The output of seeded, dual periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric generators (OPG) are combined in the nonlinear crystal 4-dimthylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST) to produce a widely tunable narrowband THz source via difference frequency generation (DFG). We have demonstrated that by employing this type of configuration we are able to tune our system seamlessly, without mode-hops, from 1.5 THz to 21THz with a minimum bandwidth of 3.1 GHz. The bandwidth of the source was measured by using the THz transmission spectrum of water vapor lines over a 3-meter path length. By selecting of the DFG pump wavelength to be at 1380 nm and the signal wavelength to tune over a range from 1380 nm to 1570 nm, we produced several maxima in the output THz spectrum that was dependent on the phase matching ability of the DAST crystal and the efficiency of our pyro-electric detector. Due to the effects of dispersive phase matching, filter absorption of the THz waves, and two-photon absorption multiple band gaps in the overall spectrum occur and are discussed. Employing the dual generator scheme, we have obtained THz images at several locations in the spectrum using an infrared camera that runs at a rate of 35 frames per second. We have demonstrated the ability to image 13 THz to 20 THz under static conditions. We will present images of carbon fibers illuminated at different THz frequencies.
Gender Differences in Flashbulb Memories Elicited by the Clarence Thomas Hearings

Abstract American students and other adults aged 19–75 completed a questionnaire about flashbulb memories and recollections of autobiographical events elicited by the Senate hearings for confirmation of Clarence Thomas as a Supreme Court Justice. The respondents were less likely to recall vivid image memories than were respondents in earlier studies about memories of the assassinations of John Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, and Martin Luther King. Women were significantly more likely than men to report vivid image memories and recall of autobiographical events elicited by the hearings, but they did not differ significantly from men in the ratings of these memories. Women were also significantly more likely than men to report specific memories of having been victims of sexual harassment and abuse. Women recalled reconsidering incidents in which they might have been victims of sexual harassment more often than men did. Exposure to media coverage did not differ by gender, although the amount of coverage paid atten...
Class size and its impact on information technology instruction

This paper provides a formal assessment of the impact of class size on teaching effectiveness using Analysis of Variance techniques.
Pygmalion in Youth Sport: A Field Study

To determine whether the “pygmalion effect” operated in youth sport, a total sample of 14 coaches and 71 male youth league basketball players ranging in age from 8 to 12 were evaluated in naturalistic settings. Coach-player interactions were observed for both high and low expectancy children with the Coaching Behavior Assessment System (CBAS) as an observational tool. Results demonstrated that whereas high expectancy children received more reinforcement, low expectancy children experienced fewer incidences of nonreinforcement and received more general technical instruction. Findings were discussed from both a theoretical and practical perspective.
Configuring and Tuning an Environment-Aware Continuous Query Processor

Applications operating on streams of data are becoming more prevalent in the computing industry, especially as hardware allows it. Used in areas from security such as packet-sniffing intrusion detection software packages to the financial world attempting to model the stock market to map out future trends, algorithms for processing these unbounded streams are growing in necessity. Traditional database management systems fall short, as they are limited to bounded data. Therefore, stream management systems are required, as well as efficient algorithms. Furthermore, these algorithms must be agile and adaptive. This means that there can be no wasted processing time with overhead, as valuable data may be missed in the process. In this paper, we try to explore tradeoffs between performance and overhead in an effort to fine-tune the adaptivity parameters. Our experimental results show that a re-optimization interval of 1 second and re-optimization threshold of 90% work best in general. We also discovered that Fodp variants perform significantly better than XGreedyJoin under high stress scenario, which was undiscovered in our previous work.
Structure and Properties of Vanadium Oxide-Zirconia Catalysts for Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation

The structure of vanadia species supported on zirconia depends on VO{sub x} surface density and on the temperature of catalyst oxidation pretreatments. X-ray diffraction and Raman and UV-visible spectroscopies show that supported VO{sub x} species form polyvanadate domains of increasing size and ultimately monolayers and clusters as vanadium surface density increases. Initial propene selectivities in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane at 606 K increase with increasing VO{sub x} surface density and reach constant values of 80% at surface densities of about 2--3 VO{sub x}/nm{sup 2}. High selectivities to CO{sub x} products at low surface densities and on bulk ZrV{sub 2}O{sub 7} appear to be associated with exposed unselective V-O-Zr and Zr-O-Zr sites. Propane oxidative dehydrogenation rates increase initially as the size of polyvanadate domains increases with increasing VO{sub x} surface density. Oxidative dehydrogenation rates decreases eventually as the formation of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} clusters at high surface densities leads to a decrease in the fraction of VO{sub x} exposed at cluster surfaces. The ratio of rate constants for propane oxidative dehydrogenation and propene combustion to CO{sub x} remains constant throughout the entire range of VO{sub x} surface density (0.4--100 VO{sub x}/nm{sup 2}), suggesting that primary oxidative dehydrogenation steps and secondary oxidationmore » reactions of desired propene products require identical polyvanadate structures.« less
Localization of Cells Containing Transforming Growth Factor- α Precursor Immunoreactivity in the Basal Ganglia of the Adult Rat Brain

AbstractTransforming growth factor-α-like immunoreactivity (TGF-α-ir) was visualized in the adult rat forebrain using three antisera directed against carboxyterminal sequences in the TGF-α precursor. Using immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques with all three antisera, TGF-λ-ir was found to be present in a subpopulation of astrocytes in the forebrain. Striatal and pallidal regions of the basal ganglia were studied in detail. In the striatum, there was an uneven distribution of astrocytes containing TGF-α-ir, with the greatest number in the dorsal medial third of the caudate-putamen and the overlying corpus callosum/external capsule. In addition, the region of the caudate-putamen bordering the globus pallidus contained numerous clusters of TGF-α-ir astrocytes. The globus pallidus itself contained numerous and more evenly distributed TGF-α-ir astrocytes. Other pallidal structures-including the ventral pallidum, entopeduncular nucleus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata–contained moderate numbe...
T Memory Cells: Quality not Quantity

Immunological memory to pathogens is associated with clonal expansion and heightened responsiveness of antigen-specific T cells. Recent work emphasizes that, for efficient protective immunity, qualitative changes in T memory cells are vitally important.
The neuropsychology of visual artistic production

What happens to visual artists with neuropsychological deficits? This review will examine artistic production in individuals with a variety of syndromes including achromatopsia, neglect, visual agnosia, aphasia, epilepsy, migraine, dementia and autism. From this review it appears that artists are not spared visual-motor deficits despite their special graphic abilities. Rather their talents allow them to express visual deficits with particular eloquence. By contrast, the effects of aphasia on art are variable. In addition to deficits, neuropsychological syndromes may be associated with positive phenomena. Such phenomena induced by epilepsy or migraines can serve to inspire artists. This review also makes clear that artists with neuropsychological deficits do not necessarily produce art of lesser quality. Rather, their art may change in content or in style, sometimes in surprising and aesthetically pleasing ways. The neuropsychology of visual art also touches on a few central questions about the nature of artistic expression itself. For example, what forms can artistic representations take? How are visual features used descriptively and expressively? What roles do knowing and seeing play in depiction?
A cometary aurora

It is proposed that the cometary analog of a terrestrial aurora was responsible for the enhanced fluxes of suprathermal (keV) electrons and associated plasma waves observed in the cometosheath of Comet Halley during its VEGA 2 encounter. The non-detection of such suprathermal electron fluxes during the GIOTTO encounter is ascribed to the much quieter solar wind conditions at that time.
Putting PhDs to Work: Career Planning for Today's Scientist

The authors examined individual development plan (IDP) awareness and use, the benefits of creating an IDP, and ways to facilitate IDP use by administering surveys to postdoctoral researchers, mento...
Mitochondrial‐targeted active Akt protects SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from staurosporine‐induced apoptotic cell death

Akt is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a vital role in promoting cellular survival. Predominantly cytosolic, upon stimulation with growth-factors or stress, active Akt translocates into mitochondria, but the functions of Akt in mitochondria are not yet fully understood. Mitochondria play a central role in apoptotic pathways and given Akt's functions in the cytoplasm, Akt in mitochondria may help preserve mitochondrial integrity during cellular stress. To test if the translocation of Akt into mitochondria is neuroprotective, adenoviral vectors expressing a constitutively active Akt, Ad-HA-Akt (DD), and a constitutively active Akt with a mitochondrial targeting signal, Ad-Mito-HA-Akt (DD), were generated. Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the adenoviral constructs were treated with staurosporine to initiate intrinsic apoptotic cell death and several aspects of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were evaluated. Expression of active Akt targeted to mitochondria was found to be sufficient to significantly reduce staurosporine-induced activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and Bax oligomerization at mitochondria. These findings demonstrate that intramitochondrial active Akt results in efficient protection against apoptotic signaling.
Correlates of participation in peer recovery support groups as well as voluntary and mandated substance abuse treatment among rural and urban probationers

This study explores the correlates of probationers' participation in 12-step programs, voluntary treatment, and mandated treatment, with respect to the geographic location of where the services are being provided as the primary covariate of interest. Data were derived from face-to-face interviews with rural and urban probationers (N = 1,464). Results of the three logistic regression models suggested that even when all the covariates are taken into account, urban probationers were significantly more likely to have been involved in 12-step programs, voluntary treatment, and mandated treatment over their lifespan. Despite high levels of self-reported substance use among all participants, treatment services were underused by rural probationers. These data suggest that individuals residing in rural communities may face additional barriers to receiving treatment services and that criminal involvement is associated with participation in peer recovery support groups and treatment. Future studies can investigate criminal involvement as an avenue to enhance recovery and how to overcome treatment barriers in rural areas.
BARGAINING BEHAVIOR IN A BUSINESS SIMULATION GAME

Three studies of labor-management negotiations were conducted within the context of a business simulation game. Face-to-face bargaining lasted approximately two hours and resulted in settlements that were incorporated into the simulation game parameters. A total of 56 simulated companies, each comprised of five MBA students, were studied. Results from the first study showed that extending low initial offers, extracting large first concessions, and making a high number of concessions were management bargaining tactics associated with obtaining a low wage rate. These findings were supported by study two. The third study found that an intrateam power mode of orientation was positively correlated with bargaining success and was negatively correlated with overall game success. The results support the use of a simulation game for teaching and research in bargaining.
Equivalent EMF based position observers for sensorless synchronous machines

This paper provides a simple, robust, and universal position observer for position sensorless control of synchronous machines. The observer is designed using an equivalent EMF model of a synchronous machine or, alternately, using a sliding mode controller based on the equivalent EMF model. The sliding mode observer provides fast convergence and low sensitivity to parameter variations. Experimental results with a 5-hp Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) machine have validated the effectiveness of the proposed equivalent EMF theory.
Solid-phase synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes from butadiynyl-ferrocene-containing compounds

Abstract Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized from novel butadiynyl-ferrocene-containing compounds. The formation of the MWCNTs occurs in the solid phase at ambient pressure in a typical high-temperature furnace. Heat treatment of the various compounds to temperatures up to 1300 °C under atmospheric pressure resulted in the decomposition of the ferrocene units and the formation of Fe nanoparticles in the polymeric-to-carbon nanoparticle-to-carbon nanotube compositions. The Fe atoms, clusters, and/or nanoparticles are the key to the formation of the carbon nanotubes. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy studies show the presence of a large quantity of MWCNTs in the carbonaceous solid residue.
The role of metadata in the statistical knowledge network: an emerging research agenda

Metadata (data about data) is integral to many processes in the Statistical Knowledge Network (SKN). Recently, efforts such as the Semantic Web and others express the importance of metadata in supporting integration of information across multiple sources. Critical challenges in building the SKN are identifying what metadata is needed, and at what point in the cycle of production and use of statistical information it must be available, and establishing an architecture that supports metadata acquisition and use throughout the SKN. This article provides a research agenda in those areas, building on our current work in helping users to find the statistical information they need and understand what they find.
Eicosanoids in Preeclampsia-Eclampsia: The Effects of Magnesium

Magnesium sulfate is the cornerstone of therapy for the management of eclampsia and has been for the better part of a century (1, 2). Magnesium reduces reactivity of blood vessels, including those of the cerebral circulation, and inhibits platelet aggregation (3, 4). These properties of magnesium may directly contribute to reversal of the underlying pathogenesis of eclampsia. There is evidence that some of the beneficial effects of magnesium are related to promotion of the synthesis of vasodilator prostaglandins, of which one, prostacyclin (PGI2), also inhibits platelet aggregation (5, 6) (Fig. 1). Preeclampsia and eclampsia have been proposed to represent a state of relative prostaglandin deficiency, or more precisely, when considered in terms of platelet abnormalities, one of insufficient PGI2 production by blood vessels, especially those of the placenta (7). As vascular prostacyclin inhibits platelet synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TxA2), the two principal actions of TxA2, promotion of platelet aggregatio...
Carnaval en Veracruz: celebraciones públicas, identidad y el inicio del turismo

Como era el caso en todo el pais, la promocion de una identificacion con el nuevo orden social luego de la Revolucion exigia mucho mas que algunas cuantas declaraciones oficiales. En Veracruz, los dirigentes civicos tuvieron que enfrentar un desafio especialmente dificil, ya que la ciudad acababa de sufrir una invasion extranjera, una guerra civil y una amarga serie de huelgas laborales. Asi, los promotores de la fiesta trabajaron a puerta cerrada para llevar a cabo una produccion social con la aspiracion de que esta podria reintegrar a la comunidad veracruzana, mientras que miles de personas anticiparon la coronacion de la Reina del carnaval, asi como una gran cantidad de desfiles y bailes previstos para aquel fin de semana escandaloso. En el proceso combinaron elementos tradicionales de la fiesta con ciertos aspectos fundamentales de la nueva ideologia nacional, para crear una sintesis ritual que minimizara el conflicto social a la vez que contribuyera a la legitimaci6n del poder posrevolucionario. Ademas, el carnaval abrio nuevas oportunidades para el comercio local y para el desarrollo del turismo en el puerto de Veracruz. Carnival in Veracruz: Festivities, Identity, and the Beginings of Tourism As was true across the nation, encouraging identification with the new social order after the Revolution required much more than official pronouncements. In Veracruz, civic leaders faced an especially difficult challenge in that the city had recently suffered foreign invasion, civil war and a wave of bitter labor strikes. Thus as thousands anticipated the crowning of Carnival Queen as well as the many parades and dances scheduled for the raucous weekend, festival promoters worked behind the scenes to realize a social production they hoped would help reintegrate the Veracruz community. In the process, they blended traditional elements of the festival with fundamental aspects of new national ideology to create a ritual synthesis that downplayed social conflict and contributed to the legitimation of postrevolutionary power. Furthermore, Carnival opened new opportunities for local business and the development of tourism in the Port of Veracruz.
Insulin-Regulated Protein Palmitoylation Impacts Endothelial Cell Function

Objective—Defects in insulin signaling are associated with abnormal endothelial cell function, which occurs commonly in cardiovascular disease. Targets of insulin signaling in endothelial cells are incompletely understood. Protein S-palmitoylation, the reversible modification of proteins by the lipid palmitate, is a post-translational process relevant to cell signaling, but little is known about the role of insulin in protein palmitoylation. Approach and Results—To test the hypothesis that insulin alters protein palmitoylation in endothelial cells, we combined acyl-biotin exchange chemistry with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture to perform quantitative proteomic profiling of human endothelial cells. We identified ≈380 putative palmitoylated proteins, of which >200 were not known to be palmitoylated; ≈10% of the putative palmitoylated proteins were induced or suppressed by insulin. Of those potentially affected by insulin, <10 have been implicated in vascular function. For one, platele...
Steroid and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulation of luteinizing hormone and GnRH receptor in a novel gonadotrope cell line

Properties of a pituitary gonadotrope include the capacity to regulate gonadotropin synthesis and secretion in response to a GnRH signal. Progress in identifying the steps involved in these processes has been impeded by the lack of a homogeneous in vitro model of gonadotropes. This paper presents functional characterization of a L beta T2 gonadotrope cell line generated by tumorigenesis in transgenic mice carrying the rat LH beta-subunit regulatory region linked to the SV40 T-antigen oncogene. This cell line expresses LH beta, alpha-subunit, and GnRH-receptor (GnRH-R) mRNAs (though not FSH beta), responds to glucocorticoid treatment with a reversible dampening of proliferation, and responds to pulsatile, concentration-dependent GnRH administration with LH secretion. L beta T2 cells presented with four GnRH pulses (10 nM, 90-min interpulse interval) on each of 4 days respond with incremental increases in LH secretion on successive days. This increase was greatest (15-fold) in the presence of estradiol and dexamethasone. Part of the enhanced responsiveness is apparently due to an increase in GnRH-R; pulsatile GnRH treatment alone as well as steroid treatment alone led to an increase in GnRH-R mRNA levels. When secretion was stimulated on day 4 with 54 mM [K+] pulses, bypassing the GnRH-R, the LH-secretory response indicated that the GnRH pulse history as well as estradiol and dexamethasone have actions on L beta T2-secretory capacity distinct from changes in the GnRH-R. This increase can be explained in part by the marked up-regulation of LH beta, but not alpha-subunit, mRNA observed in GnRH-pulsed cells. In summary, L beta T2 clonal gonadotropes exhibit functional characteristics consistent with those of normal pituitary gonadotropes such as LH secretion via a regulated pathway and changes in GnRH-R and LH beta gene expression in response to signaling by GnRH and steroid hormones and therefore should be a useful tool for dissecting the cellular and molecular events involved in these fundamental gonadotrope properties.
Noninvasive Detection of Radiation-Induced Optic Neuropathy by Manganese-Enhanced MRI

Abstract Ryu, S., Brown, S. L., Kolozsvary, A., Ewing, J. R. and Kim, J. H. Noninvasive Detection of Radiation-Induced Optic Neuropathy by Manganese-Enhanced MRI. Radiat. Res. 157, 500–505 (2002). Available imaging techniques have a limited ability to detect radiation-induced injury of the normal brain. In particular, there is no noninvasive method available for detection of structural or functional neuronal damage induced by radiation. This study was designed to determine whether MRI enhanced using the neuronal track tracer MnCl2 can detect radiation-induced optic neuropathy. A single dose of radiation (35 Gy) was delivered to produce optic neuropathy in Fischer 344 rats by using a stereotactic method with a 6-mm dorsoventral secondary collimator. At 6 months after irradiation, MRI was performed in 1-mm sections using a 7-T magnetic field with the neuronal tracer MnCl2 injected into the vitreous of the eye 24 h prior to imaging. The rats were then killed humanely for a histological study with hematoxylin...
Cardiac Rehabilitation: United States

The Clinical Practice Guideline Cardiac Rehabilitation, prepared for and promulgated by the US Department of Health and Human Services,1 characterizes cardiac rehabilitation as the provision of comprehensive long-term services involving medical evaluation; prescribed exercise; cardiac risk factor modification; and education, counseling, and behavioral interventions. The goal of this multifactorial process is to limit the adverse physiologic and psychologic effects of cardiac illness, to reduce the risk of sudden death or reinfarction, to control cardiac symptoms, to stabilize or reverse progression of the atherosclerotic process, and to enhance the patient’s psychosocial and vocational status. The guideline defines that provision of cardiac rehabilitation services is directed by a physician, but can be implemented by a variety of healthcare professionals.
Synthesis of Substituted 2,2'-Dinitrobiphenyls by a Novel Solvent-Free High Yielding Ullmann Coupling Biarylation:

Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction for the first time. Biarylation of 2-iodonitrobenzene was achieved in quantitative yield when performed in a custom-made copper vial through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. The product was solid, NMR ready and required no lengthy extraction for purification. This reaction was cleaner, and faster than solution phase coupling which requires longer reaction time in high boiling solvents, added copper catalyst, and lengthy extraction and purification steps. Gram quantities of the biaryl compound were synthesized in larger copper vials. This is a general method that can be used to effectively reduce industrial waste en route to sustainability.
Designing Evaluation Forms to Facilitate Student Learning

Most dental school instructors struggle to develop course evaluation criteria that can effectively be applied as valid and reliable learning instruments. Vague and unreliable learning assessments often lead to increased dissatisfaction among both faculty and students. Students complain about the “lack of faculty calibration,” and faculty are often unable to adequately evaluate competence due to the need to provide an overall course grade by the end of the term. By systematically addressing Mackenzie et al.’s list of sixteen factors that contribute to faculty disagreements on student evaluation, we developed “Criteria for Writing Effective Evaluation Forms” as a guide for developing evaluation criteria. By using the guide for developing evaluation forms for student learning, course directors will have the components necessary to ensure validity and reliability of student assessment methodology. By providing students and faculty with clearly defined criteria and the training to apply those criteria, Mackenzie et al.’s concerns may be conquered.
Speculative Markets With an Unknown Number of Insiders

This paper analyzes how uncertainty about the number of informed traders in a market alters the market characteristics. Increasing the uncertainty about the number of informed traders while holding the expected number of informed traders constant: (i) increases the residual price uncertainty in the market; (ii) increases the total expected volume of informed trade and profits earned by insiders; and (iii) significantly prolongs the impact of an information event by extending the expected trade horizon of insiders and the time over which market liquidity is depressed. These results are compared with those found in experimental asset markets with a similar information structure.
What are the causes of transport insecurity? Results from a survey with transport operators

Available statistics give indication that very often the freight transport business is a constant victim of crime. Previous research has proposed diverse security technical solutions and managerial strategies. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that these are not being implemented. This investigation aims to identify what factors may influence transport security. The study undertakes an exploratory approach to identify potential factors influencing transport insecurity. Thereafter, research hypotheses are formulated and tested by means of a survey study and multivariate techniques. Findings show that services differentiation and freight rates increments, JIT deliveries and insurance demand/supply behavior may influence the security level of transport companies.
A Retailer's Steady Growth Strategy: Should Publix Stay National Or Go Global?

Publix Super Markets, Inc. is a Florida-based grocery chain which has over 120,000 employees and annual sales in 2005 of $20.7 billion. Presently, Publix serves over one million customers every day and is one of the largest employee-owned companies in the world. Publix is one of Floridas premier supermarkets and has responded to most cultural trends in the grocery market-organic foods; natural foods, health foods, ethnic ingredients, prepared meals, etc. Publix has enjoyed great success in the grocery industry and has expanded in many states. With the advent of globalization affecting almost every industry, the supermarket/food retailing industry has joined the trend. Domestic and international food retailers across the globe have begun to internationalize at a rapid rate and open operations around the world. However, as you will see, the growth of supermarket chains beyond their home countries has been done mostly by European and Asian companies. With the exception of Wal-Mart, few U.S. food retailers have expanded abroad. Currently there are no plans for Publix to expand internationally but this case seeks to examine the possibilities of Publix making a step toward going abroad and highlights the various factors in the global environment that may directly or indirectly affect the company.
Simultaneous determination of impurities in .ALPHA.-aluminium oxide-chromium oxide solid solution powders by ICP-AES.

セラミックスの焼結機構を検討するために必要な原料中の微量不純物濃度をICP-AESを用いて定量した.本研究では酸化アルミニウム-酸化クロム固溶体について検討した.分解はテフロン耐圧容器中で行った.その分解条件は240℃,18hで酸化アルミニウムのみの場合に比べやや高い温度が必要である.微量成分に及ぼすマトリックス成分の影響はアルミニウムよりクロムにおいて著しい.バックグラウンドの上昇は感度の悪い鉄,チタンにおいて相対的に影響が大きい.又アルミニウムが共存したときナトリウムの感度が上昇した.
Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Metropolitan Economic Performance Empirical Test of Recent Theoretical Propositions

The literature suggests that technological advance is the major driver of economic growth, yet how new knowledge translates into superior economic performance is not described by the growth theorie...
Application of MINTEQA2 to the Evaluation of Apatite as a Precipitant for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

The apatite drain system is a new method for acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment. Laboratory tests and field experiments showed that this technique can remove high concentrations of iron and aluminum in AMD having a pH below 4.0. In addition, this system removes both ferric and ferrous iron, whereas a constructed wetlands system removes only ferric iron when converted from the ferrous state in the wetland. A geochemical model, MINTEQA2, was used to simulate the changes in concentration of aqueous constituents, and in the pH and the potential mineral phase. Results of MINTEQA2 support the conclusions of the laboratory and field experiments. Apatite is effective in removing iron, sulfate, and aluminum from AMD; pH was inversely proportional to the flow rate until the equilibrium point was reached (pH = 4.09 at 25°C). Also, the role of apatite as a precipitant and pH buffer was limited by its solubility.
Topographical modulation of macrophage phenotype by shrink-film multi-scale wrinkles

The host immune response to foreign materials is a major hurdle for implanted medical devices. To control this response, modulation of macrophage behavior has emerged as a promising strategy, given their prominent role in inflammation and wound healing. Towards this goal, we explore the effect of biomimetic multi-scale wrinkles on macrophage adhesion and expression of phenotype markers. We find that macrophages elongate along the direction of the uniaxial wrinkles made from shape memory polymers, and express more arginase-1 and IL-10, and less TNF-α, suggesting polarization towards an alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory phenotype. Materials were further implanted in the subcutaneous space of mice and tissue surrounding the material evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry. We found that material surface topography altered the distribution of collagen deposition in the adjacent tissue, with denser collagen tissue observed near flat materials when compared to wrinkled materials. Furthermore, cells surrounding wrinkled materials exhibited higher arginase-1 expression. Together these data suggest that wrinkled material surfaces promote macrophage alternative activation, and may influence the foreign body response to implants.
Allele-Specific Effects Of U2AF1 Mutations On Alternative Splicing

Four independent groups, including ours, recently discovered recurrent mutations in core components of the pre-mRNA splicing complex (the “spliceosome”) in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patient samples using next-generation sequencing approaches. We previously identified mutations in U2AF1 affecting codons S34 (S34F and S34Y) or Q157 (Q157R and Q157P) in 11% of patients with de novo MDS. Although the role of U2AF1 as an accessory factor in the U2 snRNP is well established, it is not yet clear how these mutations affect splicing or contribute to MDS. To determine the effects of S34 and Q157 mutations on U2AF1 splicing activity, we utilized GH1 and FMR1 minigene assays, which we have previously used to assess alternative splicing. Here, we report that recurrent mutations in U2AF1 have allele-specific effects on alternative splicing for both GH1 and FMR1 minigenes when transiently transfected in 293T cells. The U2AF1 S34F mutant allele yielded the most significant increase in alternative splicing activity for both GH1 and FMR1 ( GH1 : p 3 biological replicates), compared to wildtype (WT). The S34Y allele modestly enhanced expression of the alternative isoforms for both minigenes ( GH1 : p WT: 104, S34F 4). We also detected expression differences at novel splice junctions resulting from use of either known or novel alternative splice acceptor and/or donor sites (S34F>WT: 135, S34F<WT: 229). Both the known and novel junctions reflect alterations in canonical splicing, exon skipping or retention, intron retention and cryptic site usage. We selected junctions with higher expression in S34F samples for validation in CD34+ cells using RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis. 16/27 genes with known junctions and 10/10 with novel junctions validated (p<0.05; n=3 biological replicates). 9 of the validated changes were tested in primary clinical samples by RT-PCR (n=6 MDS bone marrow with S34F U2AF1 vs. n=6 MDS controls with no U2AF1 splicing mutations) and 5 were confirmed (p<0.01), including alternative splicing involving known ( DEK , SERPIN8B , KIAA1033 , IFI44 ) and novel ( ABI1 ) junctions. We conclude that the S34F mutation affects U2AF1 function, leading to aberrant alternative splicing of target genes. Whether alternative splicing perturbs hematopoiesis and contributes to MDS pathogenesis is not yet known. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. A common but controllable condition.

PreviewHeparin, one of the most widely used drugs in the hospital setting, carries the risk of thrombocytopenia. Fortunately, the condition is usually mild and reversible. However, if thrombotic complications occur, consequences can be severe. Dr Scott discusses the phenomenon of heparin-induced thrombosis and recommends careful monitoring of platelet counts.
Abstract 2156: Targeting estrogen receptor mutations for treatment of endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer

Approximately 70% of all breast cancers express the Estrogen Receptor (ER) and inhibition of the ER signaling remains the mainstay of systemic therapy in such cancers. The advent of endocrine therapies (ET) have contributed significantly to reduction in the incidence, recurrence and mortality associated with breast cancer. However, approximately one-third of patients with ER-positive breast cancer do not benefit from adjuvant ET, and nearly all patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) ultimately become refractory to all known ETs. While several mechanisms of resistance to ET have been proposed, there are currently no clinically effective treatments for ET resistance. Thus, ET resistance remains a major obstacle to the effective treatment of a significant subset of ER-positive breast cancers. We have recently reported recurrent somatic mutations in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the Estrogen Receptor gene (ESR1) in metastatic breast cancer patients with a history of prior treatment with ET. The ESR1 mutations result in constitutive activation of the ER and confer ET resistance when ectopically expressed in ER-positive cell lines. In an attempt to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat ET-resistant breast cancer, we have evaluated OTX015, a clinical bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibitor, in pre-clinical models of ET resistance due to ESR1 mutations. Our studies suggest that BET inhibition may serve as an attractive strategy for treatment of ET resistance due to ESR1 mutations. Citation Format: Prasanna G. Alluri, Jose Larios, Rohit Malik, James Rae, Arul M. Chiinaiyan. Targeting estrogen receptor mutations for treatment of endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2156.
Unified homogenization of photonic/phononic crystals with first-band negative refraction

Abstract It is shown, for the first time, that negative refraction with positive phase velocity refraction can be realized (and controlled) on a wide frequency-range of the first (lowest) pass band of simple photonic and phononic crystals. First a unified approach is presented to accurately, efficiently, and uniquely produce the homogenized effective material properties of doubly periodic phononic crystals for anti-plane shear (SH) and photonic crystals for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) electromagnetic Bloch-form waves in such a manner that they exactly reproduce the band structure of the composite over any desired frequency band. Then the correspondence between phononic and photonic field equations is established and their effective homogenized material parameters are calculated. Finally the actual calculation procedure is detailed and illustrative examples are worked out for each case, revealing a rich body of refractive characteristics of these crystals, and showing by means of illustrative examples that the homogenized effective parameters do in fact yield the exact results. Thus the resulting homogenized solid embodies exactly the actual band structure and dispersive properties of the considered phononic/photonic crystal, which clearly distinguishes it from any anisotropic normal material. When in contact with a normal homogeneous half-space, the homogenized medium would display positive, negative, or even no energy refraction depending on the frequency and wave vector of plane waves incident from the normal homogeneous solid to the interface. Remarkably, using the same volume fraction of the same constituents, it is possible to design a (homogenized) material that would display negative energy refraction with positive phase velocity refraction even on the first (acoustic) pass band. The window of the frequency and the range of wave-vector values at which, say, the negative energy refraction would occur can be controlled by judicious selection and design of the unit cell’s constituent geometry and properties. The unit cell of the crystal may consist of anisotropic constituents of any constant or variable properties that may also admit large discontinuities. For elliptical and rectangular inclusion geometries, analytical expressions are given for the calculation of the key quantities.
Principles of Simultaneous PET/MR Imaging

Combined PET/MR imaging scanners capable of acquiring simultaneously the complementary information provided by the 2 imaging modalities are now available for human use. After addressing the hardware challenges for integrating the 2 imaging modalities, most of the efforts in the field have focused on developing MR-based attenuation correction methods for neurologic and whole-body applications, implementing approaches for improving one modality by using the data provided by the other and exploring research and clinical applications that could benefit from the synergistic use of the multimodal data.
Entanglement Entropy of Eigenstates of Quadratic Fermionic Hamiltonians.

In a seminal paper [D. N. Page, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1291 (1993)], Page proved that the average entanglement entropy of subsystems of random pure states is ${S}_{\text{ave}}\ensuremath{\simeq}\mathrm{ln}{\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}\ensuremath{-}(1/2){\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}^{2}/\mathcal{D}$ for $1\ensuremath{\ll}{\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}\ensuremath{\le}\sqrt{\mathcal{D}}$, where ${\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\mathcal{D}$ are the Hilbert space dimensions of the subsystem and the system, respectively. Hence, typical pure states are (nearly) maximally entangled. We develop tools to compute the average entanglement entropy $⟨S⟩$ of all eigenstates of quadratic fermionic Hamiltonians. In particular, we derive exact bounds for the most general translationally invariant models $\mathrm{ln}{\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{ln}{\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}{)}^{2}/\mathrm{ln}\mathcal{D}\ensuremath{\le}⟨S⟩\ensuremath{\le}\mathrm{ln}{\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}\ensuremath{-}[1/(2\mathrm{ln}2)](\mathrm{ln}{\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}{)}^{2}/\mathrm{ln}\mathcal{D}$. Consequently, we prove that (i) if the subsystem size is a finite fraction of the system size, then $⟨S⟩l\mathrm{ln}{\mathcal{D}}_{\mathrm{A}}$ in the thermodynamic limit; i.e., the average over eigenstates of the Hamiltonian departs from the result for typical pure states, and (ii) in the limit in which the subsystem size is a vanishing fraction of the system size, the average entanglement entropy is maximal; i.e., typical eigenstates of such Hamiltonians exhibit eigenstate thermalization.
Central Processing Unit

This chapter is all about the design of a simple Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) for central processing. The chapter starts with introducing simple assembly instructions and the required hardware to execute each instruction. But, it incrementally builds hardware around the initial hardware that can execute multiple instructions. Fixed-point and floating-point Arithmetic Logic Units (ALU) are studied in this chapter. Structural, data and program control hazards, and the required hardware to avoid them in a RISC Central Processing Unit (CPU) are also shown. This chapter ends with the operation of various cache architectures, cache read-and-write protocols, functionality of write-through and write-back caches.
2.36 – Nanotoxicology

Nanotechnology is not only an emerging field of study, but it is also now an industry. Because of this, the subdivision of nanotoxicology has risen to the forefront of many publications in the mainstream media as well as in the peer-reviewed literature system. Interdisciplinary research now often includes the toxicological and safety assessment of nanosized materials because of the abundance of nanomaterials in numerous medicinal applications and consumer goods. This chapter reviews the history of nanomaterials and ultrafine particles, efforts in bioengineering/biocompatibility of novel materials, why nanomaterials are different from other types of materials, applications of nanomaterials, challenges in the dosemetrics of nanotoxicology, various routes of potential exposures, applications of nanotoxicology in immunotoxicology, and nanoparticle–cell interactions. Specific physical and chemical properties (aggregation state, surface charge, and bioavailable metals) that influence particular toxicological end points (oxidative stress and inflammatory response) have been reported in the literature. Here, strategies in the material design process have been identified in an effort to minimize potential human health and safety risks when working with nanoscale materials.
Multiple mechanisms in pitch perception revealed by individual differences

Pitch perception is traditionally assumed to involve the estimation of fundamental frequency (F0) from sound. Some pitch-related tasks, such as those involving musical intervals, are more difficult with inharmonic sounds (lacking a clear F0). Other tasks, such as up-down pitch discrimination, are unaffected by inharmonicity, suggesting that listeners track the spectrum, not the F0. To test whether these effects reflect distinct mechanisms, we measured individual differences among large sets of participants on a battery of tasks. Performance on tasks using a common mechanism should be correlated across participants. Two tone up-down discrimination for wideband harmonic tones was highly correlated with performance for wideband inharmonic tones. To isolate F0-based pitch, we also measured discrimination for pairs of harmonic tones with non-overlapping sets of harmonics. Harmonic and inharmonic discrimination did not strongly correlate with this latter task. These results suggest that the same mechanism subse...
Relationship Marketing: Theory and Implementation

The field of relationship marketing can be viewed as a sub-area of “market focused management.” In this issue, we present some cutting edge work on relationship marketing (RM). At the most simple level, RM strategy prescribes that it is more effective to invest in long-term customer interactions than to rely on a series of potentially unrelated, one-time exchanges. In practice, however, RM is not that simple to implement. There are multiple stakeholders to consider, and organizations must make certain that value is provided for all members of a potential partnership. Here, we consider several strands of relationship marketing, including the concepts of: customer relationship management, stakeholder theory, affinity marketing, promotional incentives, strategy, and leadership.