cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separation and detection of smokeless powder additives by ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS).

A reversed phase gradient ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of smokeless powders. A total of 20 different components were separated by UPLC and detected by MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. These compounds included diphenylamines, centralites, nitrotoluenes, nitroglycerin, and various phthalates. Simultaneous positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) was used along with negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to detect all compounds in a single analysis. Analysis times were under 8 min with a gradient of 10-73% organic at a flow rate of 0.500 mL/min. With this method, ultraviolet and MRM limits of detection ranging from 0.08 to 2.6 ng and 0.4-64 ng injected were achieved. Commercially available smokeless powders were also extracted with methylene chloride and characterized using the developed UPLC/MS/MS method. The procedure permits the determination of compositional differences between different brands as well as lot-to-lot variations.
A Powerful and Flexible Multilocus Association Test for Quantitative Traits

Association mapping of complex traits typically employs tagSNP genotype data to identify a trait locus within a region of interest. However, considerable debate exists regarding the most powerful strategy for utilizing such tagSNP data for inference. A popular approach tests each tagSNP within the region individually, but such tests could lose power as a result of incomplete linkage disequilibrium between the genotyped tagSNP and the trait locus. Alternatively, one can jointly test all tagSNPs simultaneously within the region (by using genotypes or haplotypes), but such multivariate tests have large degrees of freedom that can also compromise power. Here, we consider a semiparametric model for quantitative-trait mapping that uses genetic information from multiple tagSNPs simultaneously in analysis but produces a test statistic with reduced degrees of freedom compared to existing multivariate approaches. We fit this model by using a dimension-reducing technique called least-squares kernel machines, which we show is identical to analysis using a specific linear mixed model (which we can fit by using standard software packages like SAS and R). Using simulated SNP data based on real data from the International HapMap Project, we demonstrate that our approach often has superior performance for association mapping of quantitative traits compared to the popular approach of single-tagSNP testing. Our approach is also flexible, because it allows easy modeling of covariates and, if interest exists, high-dimensional interactions among tagSNPs and environmental predictors.
Female gender is an independent predictor of superior perioperative survival following non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resection

7150 Background: Selecting patients who will benefit from surgical resection of NSCLC, especially following induction therapy, can be challenging. We analyzed our modern experience to determine fac...
Measuring Sperm Competition in the Boll Weevil by the Use of Females Whose Spermathecae Have Been Surgically Removed

A test was devised by which sperm competition could be measured directly in boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Spermathecae were surgically removed from the females, and these females were allowed to mate with irradiated, then non-irradiated males and vice versa, with only 4 h separating the matings. By this method, we could use egg hatch data to measure sperm competitiveness without being concerned about the unknown effect that sperm stored in the spermatheca would have on egg hatch. Sperm from both types of males were found to be equally competitive. The presence or absence of the spermatheca apparently had no effect on egg hatch during the 1st 5 days after mating.
Body Weights, Adrenal Weights and Oestrous Cycles of Nutria

Right and left adrenals were expressed as grams per kilogram body weight for 38 male and 31 female nutria. The average g/kg ratio is 0.627 for males, and 0.512 for females. There is a significant difference between right and left adrenals in both sexes ( P < 0.001), the left adrenal being the larger in each sex. Body weights of one male and 3 females were recorded from 4 to 42 weeks of age. The sexual maturity of the females was reached at 5 months of age as indicated by vaginal opening.
Effect of Stresses on Defect Nucleation in Si1-xGex/Si Heteroepitaxial Systems

Strained layer semiconductor structures provide possibilites for novel electronic devices. When a semiconductor layer is deposited epitaxially onto a single crystal substrate with the same structure but a slightly different lattice parameter, the semiconductor layer grows pseudomorphically with a misfit strain that can be accomodated elastically below a critical thickness. When the critical thickness is exceeded, the elastic strain energy builds up to a point where it becomes energetically favorable to form misfit dislocations. In the absence of a capping layer, surface roughening may also take place which causes strain relaxation in the form of 2D ridges or islands via surface diffusion. At sharp valley regions on the surface, amplified local stresses can cause further defect nucleation and propagation. These defects can be detrimental to the electrical performance of devices by acting as electron-hole recombination centers or current leakage channels. In this paper, we present observations and analyses of two novel defects nucleated in heteroepitaxial Si1-xGex thin films through surface roughening. Heteroepitaxial films 500 A thick and containing 22% Ge are deposited by LPCVD. These initially flat films are subjected to various annealing conditions in a H2 atmosphere to induce morphological evolution and defect formation. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to study the morphology of defects at the film surface and at the film/substrate interface.
A spectral algorithm for learning class-based n -gram models of natural language

The Brown clustering algorithm (Brown et al., 1992) is widely used in natural language processing (NLP) to derive lexical representations that are then used to improve performance on various NLP problems. The algorithm assumes an underlying model that is essentially an HMM, with the restriction that each word in the vocabulary is emitted from a single state. A greedy, bottom-up method is then used to find the clustering; this method does not have a guarantee of finding the correct underlying clustering. In this paper we describe a new algorithm for clustering under the Brown et al. model. The method relies on two steps: first, the use of canonical correlation analysis to derive a low-dimensional representation of words; second, a bottom-up hierarchical clustering over these representations. We show that given a sufficient number of training examples sampled from the Brown et al. model, the method is guaranteed to recover the correct clustering. Experiments show that the method recovers clusters of comparable quality to the algorithm of Brown et al. (1992), but is an order of magnitude more efficient.
Management of postoperative and posttraumatic respiratory failure in the intensive care unit.

Although many of the authors in this book discuss the pathogenesis of lung dysfunction, the review by Demling deserves particular scrutiny. He stretches the pertinent literature over a framework of pulmonary physiology in a fashion that is uniquely readable and understandable. With the breadth of background provided by this article, the reader is ready tor Lewis’ scholarly review of atelectasis and pneumonia and the parallel piece by Weinstein and Skillman on the overall management of respiratory failure. There is no chapter on "acute respiratory distress syndrome" (ARDS) in this book because the term is too vague and ill-defined to be helpful to the clinician. However, for those who recognize a syndrome of diffuse atelectasis combined with interstitial edema at normal hydrostatic pressure, (that is, ARDS) that disorder is discussed in these three articles. Protocols for management of respiratory failure on the surgical service at the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, and San Francisco General Hospital are presented in this section. A Serious student of respiratory care would do well to compare the similarities and differences of the various protocols presented in this book. Good respiratory care assumes expert management of the other nonpulmonary organ systems. Waxman and Shoemaker present a protocol for such care, with reference to their own methods.
Final Technical Report Advanced Solar Resource Modeling and Analysis.

The SunShot Initiative coordinates research, development, demonstration, and deployment activities aimed at dramatically reducing the total installed cost of solar power. The SunShot Initiative focuses on removing critical technical and non-technical barriers to installing and integrating solar energy into the electricity grid. Uncertainty in projected power and energy production from solar power systems contributes to these barriers by increasing financial risks to photovoltaic (PV) deployment and by exacerbating the technical challenges to integration of solar power on the electricity grid.
Evaluation of Male Bufo Americanus and Rana Pipiens for Pregnancy Testing

Summary 1. An accurate, rapid, simple, economical system of pregnancy testing employing the male toad Bufo americanus is described. 2. Of a total of 652 tests reported there were 391 patients subsequently shown to have normal pregnancies and 261 nonpregnant women. In these cases the toad testing system gave an accuracy of 100 per cent. If four patients are included whose specimens were collected before the tenth day following the missed period the accuracy is 99.8 per cent. 3. A very high degree of correlation was present between the toad testing system and the A-Z mouse and Friedman tests. 4. The male frog Rana pipiens proved considerably less accurate as a test animal for the diagnosis of pregnancy. 5. The male frog Rana pipiens and male toad Bufo americanus show considerable seasonal variation in sensitivity. 5. The male frog Rana pipiens and male toad Bufo americanus show considerable seasonal variation in sensitivity. We wish to thank Mr. James V. Massey, Jr., of the Fairfield Laboratories, Bridgeport, Connecticut, for his valuable assistance with the routine aspects of this study. Without the technical assistance of Patricia Bradt, Marion Brazel, Joan Crooker, Barbara DelGiorno, and Betty Weber this work would not have been possible.
Trophoblast Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression Is Associated with Immune-Mediated Rejection of Bovine Fetuses Produced by Cloning

ABSTRACT Trophoblast cells from bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) conceptuses express major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins early in gestation, and this may be one cause of the significant first-trimester embryonic mortality observed in these pregnancies. MHC-I homozygous-compatible (n = 9), homozygous-incompatible (n = 8), and heterozygous-incompatible (n = 5) SCNT pregnancies were established. The control group consisted of eight pregnancies produced by artificial insemination. Uterine and placental samples were collected on Day 35 ± 1 of pregnancy, and expression of MHC-I, leukocyte markers, and cytokines were examined by immunohistochemistry. Trophoblast cells from all SCNT pregnancies expressed MHC-I, while trophoblast cells from age-matched control pregnancies were negative for MHC-I expression. Expression of MHC-I antigens by trophoblast cells from SCNT pregnancies was associated with lymphocytic infiltration in the endometrium. Furthermore, MHC-I-incompatible conceptu...
Repercusiones regionales de la revolucion sandinista

Este docuemento contiene el articulo escrito por Cristina Eguizabal sobre las "Repercusiones regionales de la revolucion sadinista"
Aesthetic Engagement: Anna Zanoli’s Cultural Programmes for the RAI (1968–1974)

This essay examines a series of television programmes produced by Anna Zanoli for the RAI during the years 1968 to 1974. Each episode of the programmes in question is hosted by a notable cultural figure and dedicated to the promotion of a ‘forgotten’ work of Italian art, architectural monument or landscape. The essay argues that by exploring Italy’s rich visual-cultural patrimony through the use of a new popular media, Zanoli’s programmes seek to redefine Italian culture as simultaneously high and low. Furthermore, by featuring well-known hosts from the worlds of cinema, literature, and politics, the programmes engage with the question of impegno as they propose an ethical commitment to aesthetic appreciation.
Simon Ravens, The Supernatural Voice: A History of High Male Singing

In his preface to The Supernatural Voice: A History of High Male Singing, Simon Ravens makes a “declaration of disinterest,” distancing his work from the handful of previous countertenor monographs...
Creating Content Acquisition Podcasts (CAPs) for Vocabulary: The Intersection of Content, Pedagogy, and Technology

Mastering content vocabulary is critical to the success of students with high-incidence disabilities in the general education curriculum. General education classrooms often do not offer the opportu...
An improved near-surface velocity climatology for the global ocean from drifter observations

Abstract This work updates the methods of Lumpkin and Johnson (2013) to obtain an improved near-surface velocity climatology for the global ocean using observations from undrogued and 15-m drogued Global Drifter Program (GDP) drifters. The proposed procedure includes the correction of the slip bias of undrogued drifters, thus recovering about half of the GDP dataset; and a new approach for decomposing Lagrangian data into mean, seasonal and eddy components, which reduces the smoothing of spatial gradients inherent in data binning methods. The sensitivity of the results to method parameters, the method performance relative to other techniques, and the associated estimation errors, are evaluated using statistics calculated for a test dataset consisting of altimeter-derived geostrophic velocities subsampled at the drifter locations, and for the full altimeter-derived geostrophic velocity fields. It is demonstrated that (1) the correction of drifter slip bias produces statistically similar mean velocities for both drogued and undrogued drifter datasets at most latitudes and reduces differences between their variance estimates, (2) the proposed decomposition method produces pseudo-Eulerian mean fields with magnitudes and horizontal scales closer to time-averaged Eulerian observations than other methods, and (3) standard errors calculated for pseudo-Eulerian quantities underestimate the real errors by a factor of almost two. The improved decomposition method and the inclusion of undrogued drifters in the analysis allows resolving details of the time-mean circulation not well defined in the previous version of the climatology, such as the cross-stream structure of western boundary currents, recirculation cells, and zonally-elongated mid-ocean striations.
MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF ACUTE EXUDATIVE POLYMORPHOUS VITELLIFORM MACULOPATHY WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY AND ADAPTIVE OPTICS SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPY.

Purpose To report a case of acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy including the findings of optical coherence tomography angiography and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Methods Findings on clinical examination, color fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, infrared reflectance, autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography angiography, and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Results A 54-year-old white man with no significant medical history and history of smoking presented with bilateral multiple serous and vitelliform detachments consistent with acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy. Extensive infectious, inflammatory, and malignancy workup was negative. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed thickened, hyperreflective ellipsoid zone, subretinal fluid, and focal as well as diffuse subretinal hyperreflective material corresponding to the vitelliform lesions. Optical coherence tomography angiography showed normal retinal and choroidal vasculature, whereas adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy showed circular focal "target" lesions at the level of the photoreceptors in the area of foveal detachment. Conclusion Multimodal imaging is valuable in evaluating patients with acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy.
Director connectedness and firm value in S&P 500 Index reconstitutions

Abstract Exploring director connectedness around S&P 500 Index revisions, this paper studies whether board connections contribute value to the firm. Even compared to firms of similar size, S&P 500 Index boards are more central in the network of directors. After inclusion to the Index, boards become more central in the director network, and newly added firms are more likely to get new directors from other S&P 500 Index boards. Those newly added firms with lower connectedness pre-inclusion accrue larger abnormal announcement returns stemming from the benefit of increasing director centrality after inclusion. In contrast, firms with more centralized boards suffer larger losses upon removal from the Index. Using the local supply of directors as an instrument, we demonstrate that well-connected directors as well as the percent of S&P 500 Index directors contribute to firm value.
Re-dating the Ingombe Ilede burials

Several burials excavated during 1960 at Ingombe Ilede in southern Africa were accompanied by exceptional quantities of gold and glass beads, bronze trade wire and bangles. The burials were indirectly dated to the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries AD, prior to the arrival of the Portuguese on the East Coast of Africa. New AMS dates on cotton fabric from two of the burials now relocate them in the sixteenth century. This was a dynamic period when the Portuguese were establishing market settlements along the Zambezi, generating new demands for trade products from the interior, and establishing trade networks with the Mwene Mutapa confederacy. These new dates invite a reconsideration of Ingombe Ilede's relationship to Swahili and Portuguese trade in the middle Zambezi. This article is followed by four responses and a final comment by the authors.
Child Marriage: Its Causes and Worse Impacts in Indian society.

Child Marriage is a human rights violation. Now child marriage is a curse in the global society. Child marriage is a burning problem around the world including India. It is especially prevalent in India, where more than one third of child brides live. According to UNICEF, 47% of girls are married by 18 years of age & 18% are married by 15 years of age. Majority of girls who were married below 18 years are from poor & below poverty line families. These marriages are often performed without the consent of the girls involved in the marriage. Indian law has made child marriage illegal, but it is still widely practiced across the nation. The highest rates are seen particularly in the rural states in India. In most cases young girls get married off to older men, when they are still children. Child marriages must be viewed within a context of force & coercion, involving pressure & children’s lack of choice or capacity to give their full consent. Child marriage is common practice in India, Niger, Chad, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Africa & Nepal, Where mostly girls are married below the age of 18. Child marriage is rooted in gender inequality, culture & tradition, poverty & insecurity. Child marriage has worse effect on the young girls, society and her children’s health. It has severe negative health consequences of girls are often not psychologically, physically & sexually mature. It is resulting in death, health problems, poverty, violence & lack of education.
The Natural Law in the Chinese Tradition

The subject for our present inquiry is,—Did China in her long history develop any moral or juridical concept or concepts which may be compared with what has been known as “Natural Law” or “the Law of Nature” in the European, and particularly the Anglo-Saxon juristic and constitutional tradition?
Objective comparison of contour detection in noisy images

The constant appearance of new contour detection methods makes it necessary to have accurate ways of assessing the performance of these methods. This paper proposes an evaluation method of contour detectors for noisy images. The method considers the computation of the optimal threshold that produces a greater approximation to the ground truth and the effect produced by the noise. Both analyzed dimensions allow objective comparisons of the performance of contour detectors.
NYCER: A Non-Emergency Response Predictor for NYC using Sparse Gaussian Conditional Random Fields

Cities have limited resources that must be used efficiently to maintain their smooth operation. To facilitate efficient resource allocation and management in cities, in this paper, we study one such important problem: how long does it take to resolve non-emergency 311 service requests? We present NYCER, a Non-emergency Response prediction system based on a recently developed structured regression model, sparse Gaussian conditional random fields (GCRFs), that successfully captures the dependencies between historical and future response times. Through extensive experimentation on 311 service requests in New York City (NYC) over a three and a half year period between Jan 2015 to June 2018, we demonstrate that our trained system is able to accurately predict future response times one week in advance using just the previous two weeks data at test time. NYCER achieves superior prediction performance across all agencies, complaint types, and locations, when compared to a linear regression baseline (up to a factor of 2X). The trained NYCER system requires low computational resources and data at test time, thus making it an attractive system that can be readily deployed in practice.
Pittsburgh's Freedom House Ambulance Service: The Origins of Emergency Medical Services and the Politics of Race and Health

This manuscript explores the history of the Freedom House Enterprises Ambulance Service, a social and medical experiment that trained "unemployable" black citizens during the late 1960s and early 1970s to provide then state of the art prehospital care. Through archives, newspapers, personal correspondence, university memoranda, and the medical literature, this paper explores the comparable, yet different roles of the program's two leaders, Drs. Peter Safar and Nancy Caroline. Despite its success in demonstrating national standards for paramedic training and equipment, the program ended abruptly in 1975. And though Pittsburgh's city administration cited economic constraints for its fledgling support of Freedom House, black and majority newspapers and citizens alike understood the city's diminishing support of the program in racial terms. The paper discusses Safar and Caroline's well-intentioned efforts in developing this novel program, while confronting the racial, social, and structural constraints on the program and the limits of racial liberalism.
Capitol Punishment: Effects of Congressional Seniority Ranks on Corporate Outcomes in the U.S.

Using a seniority lottery in U.S. House of Representatives I show that committee seniority dictates where government contracts are allocated and causes geographic heterogeneity in firm-level economic activity. Valuable government contracts to randomly selected lottery-winner districts drive within district investment spillovers and firm-level profitability. Although the stock market positively prices firms in lottery-winner districts, it underreacts to the ramifications of predictable shifts in government contracting under the aegis of senior political representation.
Test Architecture for Fine Grained Capture Power Reduction

Excessive power during in–field testing can cause multiple issues, including invalidation of the test results, over- heating, and damage to the circuit. In this paper, we evaluate the reduction of capture power when specific segments of a scan chain can be kept from capturing data subject to values stored in a control register. The proposed approach requires no changes to the Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG), no redesign of the circuitry to match a particular test set, and no additional patterns to maintain fault coverage. We will show that our approach can achieve very high capture power reduction-approaching 100% for multiple patterns.
The financial implications of variability in decision to disposition times for patients placed in observation status.

Abstract Introduction A host of variables beyond the control of the ED physician affect ED throughput. In-process time represents the period most directly affected by physician decision-making patterns. This study attempts to evaluate implications of variable decision-making for those patients placed in observation status for throughput and financial implications. Methods A retrospective review of all ED admissions to observation status over an 8-month period, for observation decision times (ODT) was performed. The average cost per patient bed hour in the ED, opportunity cost from patients not being seen during excessive ODTs, and the cost of an unfilled bed in an observation unit were estimated. Results Of 2693 observation cases reviewed, 114 (4.2%) had ODTs longer than two standard deviations above the median. These accumulated ODTs lead to an additional cost of $12,307, or $107 per admission. An additional 45 patients could have been treated during these excess ODTs, from which result an opportunity loss ranging from $32 to $1350 per hour. There is an additional cost of $8036 to maintain empty observation beds in the hospital. Conclusion For those ODTs beyond two standard deviations above the median, there is a direct unreimbursed cost to the hospital, an opportunity cost for patients not seen in those occupied ED beds, and a cost of maintaining unfilled observation beds. Variability in the efficiency of decision-making suggests real consequences in terms of throughput and cost-to-treat.
SpinalFlow: an architecture and dataflow tailored for spiking neural networks

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are expected to be part of the future AI portfolio, with heavy investment from industry and government, e.g., IBM TrueNorth, Intel Loihi. While Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architectures have taken large strides, few works have targeted SNN hardware efficiency. Our analysis of SNN baselines shows that at modest spike rates, SNN implementations exhibit significantly lower efficiency than accelerators for ANNs. This is primarily because SNN dataflows must consider neuron potentials for several ticks, introducing a new data structure and a new dimension to the reuse pattern. We introduce a novel SNN architecture, SpinalFlow, that processes a compressed, time-stamped, sorted sequence of input spikes. It adopts an ordering of computations such that the outputs of a network layer are also compressed, time-stamped, and sorted. All relevant computations for a neuron are performed in consecutive steps to eliminate neuron potential storage overheads. Thus, with better data reuse, we advance the energy efficiency of SNN accelerators by an order of magnitude. Even though the temporal aspect in SNNs prevents the exploitation of some reuse patterns that are more easily exploited in ANNs, at 4-bit input resolution and 90% input sparsity, SpinalFlow reduces average energy by $1.8 \times$, compared to a 4-bit Eyeriss baseline. These improvements are seen for a range of networks and sparsity/resolution levels; SpinalFlow consumes $5 \times$ less energy and $5.4 \times$ less time than an 8-bit version of Eyeriss. We thus show that, depending on the level of observed sparsity, SNN architectures can be competitive with ANN architectures in terms of latency and energy for inference, thus lowering the barrier for practical deployment in scenarios demanding real-time learning.
Bayesian Modeling of Spacecraft Safe Mode Events

When a spacecraft experiences an unexpected anomaly that could cause permanent damage to the vehicle, the spacecraft enters a pre-specified minimally operating state called safe mode in order to protect itself from further harm. Based on data collected by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) which spans beyond-Earth missions from the past 30 years, previous analyses have modeled the occurrence of safe mode events and the duration of their recoveries. These analyses modeled failure and recovery rates according to two Weibull probability distributions which assume independent identically distributed (iid) data across all missions and mission timelines. Model-based risk assessment teams at JPL have applied these statistical analysis directly to flight projects resulting in tangible adjustments to the mission design process, specifically for trajectory planning on future missions. In the present analysis, we argue that the iid assumption does not hold across missions. Instead, recovery times and times between safing events should be grouped and analyzed by destination rather than treated as one population. Here, this grouping is achieved through a hierarchical Bayesian architecture which prioritizes the sharing of mission data (failure and recovery times) across missions with the same destination. The hierarchical nature of the model allows for prediction of new mission safing rates without making an iid assumption. The Bayesian model is implemented using the Gibbs Sampler, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique which allows for flexible specification of distributions. An exploration of non-constant failure rates over the timeline of individual missions is also included.
David Oliver: Getting defensive over patient experience in the pandemic.

In October, Healthwatch England published a report on the experiences of 590 patients and carers,1 interviewed about leaving hospital under NHS England’s “discharge to assess” arrangements from April to August 2020. Many patients and families reported that communication and implementation of discharge had been poor. I can imagine that healthcare workers were hurt and surprised, believing that the report didn’t represent their own practice, experience, or values and perhaps getting defensive over the findings. But, on reflection, I’ve seen several areas of cognitive dissonance between the lived experiences of clinical teams and patients in the pandemic. First: “But I’d never do that,” “Our service always checks that,” or …
Editorial: Treatment of Early Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go from Here?

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, characterized by lack of remorse, guilt, or empathy, are represented in DSM-5 under the limited prosocial emotions specifier for conduct disorder. Research suggests that some interventions for conduct problems are less effective for children with higher levels of CU traits,1 and few interventions have been shown to reduce CU traits. Specifically, behavioral parenting interventions, evidence-based treatments for conduct problems, have been shown to be less effective for children with higher levels of CU traits.2 Although research suggests high comorbidity of internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood,3 no prior studies examined the effect of CU traits on the treatment of childhood internalizing problems. Donohue et al.4 addressed this significant gap in the literature by evaluating the efficacy of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development (PCIT-ED) in the treatment of preschoolers with major depressive disorder (MDD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the moderating role of child CU traits on treatment outcomes. In this editorial, we discuss the contributions and limitations of the article by Donohue et al.4 and provide recommendations for future research to advance the field.
Realidade Virtual como Tendência Futura de Consumo Tecnológico: Um Estudo Netnográfico

Nos ultimos anos um novo aparato tecnologico vem chamando atencao no mercado tecnologico, os oculos de Realidade Virtual, a qual e uma tecnologia prometendo revolucionar o mercado. Logo, compreender o a usabilidade percebida e o comportamento de consumo deste produto e fundamental para verificar as caracteristicas que motivam ao consumo de novos contextos tecnologicos com relacao a inovacao. A decisao de compra de um produto inovador e carregada de percepcoes, e neste cenario buscou-se compreender, os aspectos de percepcao de valor, justificativas hedonicas, utilitarias e multifuncionais de uso que influenciam na decisao dos consumidores tecnologicos. Utilizou-se a Netnografia, buscando informacoes dos consumidores em sites sobre o artefato. Nas analises desenvolvidas, 4 categorias foram identificadas onde demonstram que os aspectos da teoria proposta, influenciam de maneira positiva e negativa para a aquisicao. O artigo contribui com os resultados para uma reflexao sobre o comportamento de consumo tecnologico perante a um novo contexto e instrumento da tecnologia em vigencia.
A Century of the EOQ

When Ford W. Harris published his short three-page article developing the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model in 1913, he likely did not foresee that it would still be discussed and used 100 years later. Harris’ EOQ model was one of the first applications of mathematical modeling to guide managers in making business decisions, and it has spawned thousands of related studies over the past century that have built on its major foundations and insights. In this chapter we present a short history of the EOQ model by discussing the model itself, some practical issues about implementing the model, and major extensions to the basic model grouped by the dominant foci of each subsequent decade.
The distribution of central values of elliptic curve L-functions

Abstract We present some numerical results on the distribution of nonzero central values of elliptic curve L -functions. We compare the family of elliptic curves E a , b : y 2 = x 3 + a x + b with ( a , b ) ranging over a large box, and Cremona's list of all elliptic curves with conductor 340 000 ≤ N 350 000 . We also present a non-rigorous method for calculating central values that is faster than the approximate functional equation by a logarithmic factor.
Chapter 3 Bounds for Averages using Moment Constraints

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several mathematical techniques for predicting the “allowed ranges” of predicted values that are consistent with the known properties of the system. The properties considered in the chapter are of the form of weighted averages over some unknown but well-defined nonnegative distribution function that characterizes the system of interest. Certain averages over this distribution are assumed known and from these known averages the allowed ranges for other averages over the same distribution can be predicted. The chapter focuses on bounds for averages based upon the power moments. This case, in addition to being the most common one arising in practice, has the important advantage that the bounds can be constructed explicitly in a direct manner. The chapter demonstrates the construction of bounds for averages using the power moment constraints and certain constraints on the distribution itself.
Drug-Induced Autonomic Dysfunction

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses drug-induced orthostatic hypotension (OH). When drugs induce OH by depleting the blood volume or by vasodilation alone, there is evidence of a compensatory sympathetic neural-reflex response to upright posture—that is, tachycardia, palpations, sweating, and increased circulating catecholamines. This presentation may be termed “hyperadrenergic orthostatic hypotension.” The elderly are more susceptible than younger people to drug-induced OH, and drugs are an important cause of syncope and falls in the elderly. Typically, drug-induced OH in the elderly results from the therapeutic use of drugs, such as sedativehypnotics, diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, cardiac nitrates, and/or antidepressants. Although most of the incidences of drug-induced OH occur when the pharmacology of the drug interferes with vascular homeostasis, several drugs may produce autonomic dysfunction by producing injury to autonomic nerves. Treatment of patients with OH from ingestion of Vacor often has been difficult, but there has been some success with the use of diets high in salt, fludrocortisone, and pressor drugs, including injections of dihydroergotamine.
Chapter 8 Regulation of events within the growth cone by extracellular cues: tyrosine phosphorylation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses evidence implicating protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in the functioning of filopodia. Several findings suggest an involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in axon growth. This protein is concentrated in the tips of some growth cone filopodia in culture. Its concentration there is acutely sensitive to the presence of growth promoting material on the substrate. These findings strongly suggest that one function of proteintyrosine phosphorylation during axonal growth is in mediating or facilitating certain functions of filopodia, structures that detect and respond to environmental cues that guide axonal growth. While suggesting the involvement of proteintyrosine phosphorylation in axon growth, the foregoing results do not define specific roles. In fact, the only role that has so far been established for protein-tyrosine phosphorylation is at the beginning of the signaling pathway for nerve growth factor, whose receptor is a PTK that undergoes autophosphorylation. A role in the filopodium would put protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in a key spot to mediate effects of environmental cues on axonal growth, particularly pathfinding.
Solvent Extraction Recovery of Technetium, Neptunium, and Uranium from Fluorination Plant Residues

Extraction with a tentiary amine in hydrocarbon solution is recommended for recovery of the technetium and neptunium that can accumulate in uranium fluorination plant residues, together with recovery of the uranium for recycle. A single-cycle process provides coextraction of these three elements and separation by consecutive stripping, giving good recoveries and relatively high mutual separation. The chemical flowsheet was tested through the stage of continuous countercurrent demonstration in laboratory scale equipment using a commercial tertiary amine to process actual plant feed solution. (auth)
A Dove to Hawk Ranking of the Martin to Yellen Federal Reserves

This note ranks the Federal Reserves based on the tenure of their chairs from William McChesney Martin, Jr. to Janet L. Yellen, using data from 1958 through Q3 2014. Inflation “doves” are willing to tolerate more inflation than inflation “hawks.” Comparing the Taylor (1993) rule and core inflation to the effective fed funds rates, it is found that the Yellen Fed is the most dovish Fed since 1958.
Aluminum-induced nonenzymatic phospho-incorporation into human tau and other proteins

Incubation of purified recombinant human tau protein with aluminum salts at concentrations > or = 100 microM induces aggregation of tau that prevents its entry into SDS-polyacrylamide gels and filtration through nylon membranes. This effect is noncovalent and can be reversed by addition of EDTA. However, when incubated along with ATP, GTP, or CTP, aluminum catalyzes a covalent linkage that results in incorporation of the alpha- and gamma-phosphates into the tau protein (phospho-incorporation). The sensitivity to phosphatases and partial hydrolysis and the labeling observed with ATP containing radioisotopes at different positions suggest a novel reaction in which the entire triphosphate moiety is transferred from ATP and linked to tau via an O-linkage to the alpha-phosphate. The aggregation and triphosphorylation phenomena were not catalyzed by divalent or quadrivalent cations, but similar effects were observed with some other trivalent cations. They occurred at aluminum concentrations similar to those found in human brains with Alzheimer's disease, suggesting the possibility that related reactions may have physiological significance in vivo.
Toward addressing human behavior with observational uncertainty in security games

Stackelberg games have recently gained significant attention for resource allocation decisions in security settings. One critical assumption of traditional Stackelberg models is that all players are perfectly rational and that the followers perfectly observe the leader's strategy. However, in real-world security settings, security agencies must deal with human adversaries who may not always follow the utility maximizing rational strategy. Accounting for these likely deviations is important since they may adversely affect the leader's (security agency's) utility. In fact, a number of behavioral gametheoretic models have begun to emerge for these domains. Two such models in particular are COBRA (Combined Observability and Bounded Rationality Assumption) and BRQR (Best Response to Quantal Response), which have both been shown to outperform game-theoretic optimal models against human adversaries within a security setting based on Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Under perfect observation conditions, BRQR has been shown to be the leading contender for addressing human adversaries. In this work we explore these models under limited observation conditions. Due to human anchoring biases, BRQR's performance may suffer under limited observation conditions. An anchoring bias is when, given no information about the occurrence of a discrete set of events, humans will tend to assign an equal weight to the occurrence of each event (a uniform distribution). This study makes three main contributions: (i) we incorporate an anchoring bias into BRQR to improve performance under limited observation; (ii) we explore finding appropriate parameter settings for BRQR under limited observation; (iii) we compare BRQR's performance versus COBRA under limited observation conditions.
A systematic analysis of childhood obesity prevention interventions targeting Hispanic children: lessons learned from the previous decade

Hispanic children suffer from the highest overall rates of prevalence for overweight and obesity in the US. In the last decade some interventions for prevention of childhood obesity have been developed and tailored to target this subgroup. The purpose of this review is to systematically analyze and summarize findings for health education and promotion interventions aimed at the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity among primarily Hispanic children. A systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC was done for the time period 2000 to May 2010. A posteriori effect size for the primary outcome of each intervention was calculated using G*Power. A total of nine interventions were located; five randomized controlled trials and four were either quasi-experimental or pilot studies. Among these studies, only four had significant findings, and calculated effect sizes (Cohen's f) ranged from small to medium with the highest f = 0.26. Interventions were more likely to be successful when participants were at higher risk for obesity, a parental component was included, the intervention contained theoretical underpinnings, the intervention was delivered by a dedicated staff, the intervention served older children and the intervention was longer in duration. More interventions need to be developed for Hispanic children. Future interventions should also develop and utilize culturally appropriate and sensitive materials and approaches.
Efficacy of ash for controlling infestations of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpeas

Abstract Storing cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, with ash to protect them against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is a traditional storage method in northern Cameroon. The amount of ash used and the details of the methodology (i.e. mixing vs layering, the source of ash used) varies among farmers. In experiments designed to simulate traditional ash-storage procedures, it was found that a minimum ratio of 3 parts of ash to 4 parts of cowpeas prevented population growth of C. maculatus and that a 3 cm layer of ash on top of stored seeds prevented infestation by adults.
Orlistat in the treatment of obesity

Orlistat has been well studied in several populations, including patients who do and do not have type 2 diabetes and in patients who have impaired glucose tolerance. Overall, modest, but significant, weight loss was seen in all three groups of patients with favorable effects on the comorbidities of obesity. Orlistat has not been associated with a serious adverse event profile, and the mild GI effects that are seen in some patients are well tolerated. In obese patients who do not have diabetes, weight loss is achieved and maintained as shown in the 2-year studies. Moreover, as was well documented in the Swedish multi-morbidity study, favorable treatment effects on the constituents of the metabolic syndrome are seen. Orlistat, together with a hypocaloric diet, was proven to be effective in preventing diabetes in patients who had impaired glucose tolerance. The addition of orlistat resulted in significant weight loss and significance decreases in levels of HbA1c in patients who had type 2 diabetes who were treated with antihyperglycemic drugs. Studies showed that it is possible to identify early which patients may respond best to treatment. Orlistat offers an attractive treatment option for obese patients who do and do not have diabetes and as a combination drug for treatment of obese patients who have type 2 diabetes.
Biomechanical comparison of hallux valgus correction using the proximal chevron osteotomy fixed with a medial locking plate and the Ludloff osteotomy fixed with two screws.

Abstract Background For moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformities with a 1–2 intermetatarsal angle in excess of 15°, a proximal first metatarsal osteotomy is indicated. The ideal osteotomy has yet to be defined, but should inherently limit the incidence of dorsal malunion and allow for early ambulation. The present study evaluates the mechanical integrity of two popular first metatarsal osteotomies. Methods Ten matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric first metatarsals were harvested. In one metatarsal from each pair, a Ludloff osteotomy was created and fixed with two cannulated 3.5 mm screws. In the contralateral first metatarsal, a proximal chevron osteotomy was performed and subsequently fixed with a medially applied locking plate. All specimens were mounted within an Instron 1321 servohydraulic materials testing machine and subjected to a plantar-to-dorsal cantilever bending protocol for 1000 cycles. Findings Two of ten Ludloff osteotomies failed prior to completion of 1000 loading cycles by fracture at the distal screw site, whereas six of ten proximal chevrons failed prior to the 1000th cycle. The mode of failure in this group was by cut-out of the plantar-proximal screw. The bending stiffness of the Ludloff osteotomy exceeded that of the proximal chevron at all measurement points between the 1st and 200th load cycles ( P Interpretation The results of the present study indicate that the proximal chevron osteotomy fixed with a medially based locking plate exhibits mechanical properties inferior to those of the Ludloff osteotomy under the tested conditions.