cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Intervention-Based Family Assessment Procedure: A Case Study

Chronic illness is a worldwide phenomenon impacting the emotional stability and daily functioning of families across cultures. Families with a chronically ill member are in need of interventions and therapy, yet, time constraints and care-taking demands make it difficult for families to seek traditional family therapy services. The objectives of this article are to (1) overview the Intervention-Based Family Assessment Procedure (IBFA) and (2) present a case vignette demonstrating the implementation of the procedure. The IBFA is an effective diagnostic tool and intervention strategy to help family therapists alter the dysfunctional and rigid structural dynamics of families with a chronically ill member.
TQM—The Effect of Culture on Implementation

This article is an exploratory analysis of factors affecting the implementation of total quality management (TQM). Evaluating TQM implementation is hindered by a lack of agreement on a definition o...
Responses of auditory nerve fibers to harmonic and mistuned complex tones

Responses of auditory nerve fibers were obtained to harmonic complex tones in which single components could be mistuned. Human listeners hear the harmonic tones as single sounds, but the same tones with one component mistuned are heard as two separate sounds. Fourier analysis of the temporal discharge patterns indicated that auditory nerve fibers typically responded to one or two stimulus components near the fibers' characteristic frequencies. At low stimulus levels, the discharge patterns could also exhibit low-frequency modulation that was produced by beating of two higher-frequency components. The same components were observed in the response spectra, whether those components were part of the original harmonic series or had been mistuned. The discharge patterns and response spectra were consistent with expectations based on previous studies of auditory nerve fibers with harmonic tones and other complex sounds. However, the discharge patterns differed dramatically from the discharge patterns elicited from inferior colliculus neurons by comparable stimuli.
Constrained penalized splines

The penalized spline is a popular method for function estimation when the assumption of “smoothness” is valid. In this paper, methods for estimation and inference are proposed using penalized splines under additional constraints of shape, such as monotonicity or convexity. The constrained penalized spline estimator is shown to have the same convergence rates as the corresponding unconstrained penalized spline, although in practice the squared error loss is typically smaller for the constrained versions. The penalty parameter may be chosen with generalized cross-validation, which also provides a method for determining if the shape restrictions hold. The method is not a formal hypothesis test, but is shown to have nice large-sample properties, and simulations show that it compares well with existing tests for monotonicity. Extensions to the partial linear model, the generalized regression model, and the varying coefficient model are given, and examples demonstrate the utility of the methods. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 190–206; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Should Managers Use Team-Based Contests?

When designing contests to motivate employees, should managers organize employees to compete in teams or as individuals? We develop a behavioral economics model that shows that if contestants are averse to being responsible for the team's loss, a team-based TB contest can yield higher effort than an individual-based IB contest. This prediction is contrary to those of standard economics models, which favor IB contests over TB contests. We test the competing predictions using laboratory economics experiments. The results show that when contestants do not know each other, average effort levels in the TB and IB contests are not different. When contestants are allowed to socialize with potential teammates before making effort decisions, TB contests yield higher effort relative to IB contests. We also show that the relative efficacy of TB contests is driven by contestants' aversion to letting their team down. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1743 . This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Constructing time and prioritizing activities in parent–child Interaction

This article analyzes the discourse that middle-class parents and their children use to prioritize their next possible actions and activities in planning the course of their day. The analysis start...
Bisphenol A exposure in utero disrupts early oogenesis in the mouse.

Estrogen plays an essential role in the growth and maturation of the mammalian oocyte, and recent studies suggest that it also influences follicle formation in the neonatal ovary. In the course of studies designed to assess the effect of the estrogenic chemical bisphenol A (BPA) on mammalian oogenesis, we uncovered an estrogenic effect at an even earlier stage of oocyte development—at the onset of meiosis in the fetal ovary. Pregnant mice were treated with low, environmentally relevant doses of BPA during mid-gestation to assess the effect of BPA on the developing ovary. Oocytes from exposed female fetuses displayed gross aberrations in meiotic prophase, including synaptic defects and increased levels of recombination. In the mature female, these aberrations were translated into an increase in aneuploid eggs and embryos. Surprisingly, we observed the same constellation of meiotic defects in fetal ovaries of mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of ERβ, one of the two known estrogen receptors. This, coupled with the finding that BPA exposure elicited no additional effects in ERβ null females, suggests that BPA exerts its effect on the early oocyte by interfering with the actions of ERβ. Together, our results show that BPA can influence early meiotic events and, importantly, indicate that the oocyte itself may be directly responsive to estrogen during early oogenesis. This raises concern that brief exposures during fetal development to substances that mimic or antagonize the effects of estrogen may adversely influence oocyte development in the exposed female fetus.
Special points in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone

Using the method of Chadi and Cohen, we present, for each of the two-dimensional lattice types, the mean-value point, the set of generating wave vectors, and the sets of special points in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone which are the most efficient in finding accurate averages of a periodic function over the Brillouin zone.
The First Weeks of the First Year.

At the beginning of the first year, student affairs staff members serve as educators through special programs and activities that have an impact on students' success in college.
Scent recognition between females and pups in the bat Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana

Abstract In double-blind choice tests, lactating females of the bat Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana showed discrimination between odour obtained from the pup they nursed and odour from a randomly selected pup. Lactating females also correctly chose odour obtained from glands on their own muzzles versus odour taken from the muzzles of randomly selected lactating females. Observations of nursing behaviour in captive and natural roosts suggest that females may mark pups with odour from these glands. Experiments with pups provide no evidence that pups discriminate between odours from their presumptive mothers and odours from other lactating females. The results of odour choice experiments using non-lactating females and adult males of these bats are also reported.
Discrete-time parametric amplification based on a three-terminal MOS varactor: analysis and experimental results

This paper discusses discrete-time parametric amplification based on large-signal operation of a three-terminal MOS varactor. The principle of operation is described in detail and analytical estimates of performance are derived. Detailed measurements are reported for a prototype implemented in standard digital CMOS technology. It is demonstrated that the technique can be used to provide micropower, low-gain, low-noise, large-signal amplification.
Theory and applications of band-aligned superlattices

A general device concept based on the miniband junctions formed in superlattices is described. Just as heterojunctions play an important role in bulk semiconductor devices, the miniband junctions have potential applications for superlattice devices. In the band-aligned structures, the aligned minibands function as an energy filter, which ensures efficient injection of monoenergetic carriers, while the miniband offsets can block the carrier flow similarly to the band discontinuity in bulk heterostructures. By engineering the alloy composition, the layer width, the doping, and the applied electric field, several examples of band-aligned superlattices are analyzed for applications in miniband transport and intersubband transitions. >
Time Resolved Fluorescence Of Substituted Indoles

ABSTRACT The sensitivity of the indole chromophore and it excited state properties to solvent perturbations is assessed through the use of substituted indole derivatives in solution and complexed within a p-cyclodextrin cavity. This system is presumed to be a prototype to study the effect of static perturbations of the indole chromophore on its' excited state relaxation mechanisms. A hypothesis is presented relating the electronic resonance structures of the indole molecule to its exciplex forming capabilities. Two locations on the indole ring are proposed to provide the most stable exciplex forming sites. One location, C-3, has long been recognized as a location for exciplex formation. However, a second site on the benzyl component of indole, C-5, may also provide a site for exciplex formation due to a different resonance structure. We postulate that this site, C-5, gains a negative charge through a resonance structure making it capable of forming an exciplex with polar molecules. This resonance structure involves the indole nitrogen donating it lone pair electrons to form a double bond with the six member ring of indole. Substitutions of the indole molecule that facilitate this resonance structure either through induction or resonance effects will produce an excited state indole molecule that will have the largest Stokes shift and will have enhanced susceptibility to solvent induced radiationless decay processes.
NOMAD: Towards non-intrusive moving-target defense against web bots

Web bots, such as XRumer, Magic Submitter and SENuke, have been widely used by attackers to perform illicit activities, such as massively registering accounts, sending spam, and automating web-based games. Although the technique of CAPTCHA has been widely used to defend against web bots, it requires users to solve some explicit challenges, which is typically interactive and intrusive, resulting in decreased usability. In this paper, we design a novel, non-intrusive moving-target defense system, NOMAD, to complement existing solutions. NOMAD prevents web bots from automating web resource access by randomizing HTML elements while not affecting normal users. Specifically, to prevent web bots uniquely identifying HTML elements for later automation, NOMAD randomizes name/id parameter values of HTML elements in each HTTP form page. We evaluate NOMAD against five powerful state-of-the-art web bots on several popular open source web platforms. According to our evaluation, NOMAD can prevent all these web bots with a relatively low overhead.
Superconductivity of HoMo6S8 thin films

Abstract Films of HoMo 6 S 8 approximately 0.5 microm thick have been prepared by co-deposition of the elements on a substrate held at an elevated temperature. As-prepared films do not exhibit superconductivity. Annealing in the presence of a flux of sulfur vapor for about one hour at 850°C lowers the resistivity, raises the resistivity ratio and brings about reentrant superconducting behavior similar to that observed in bulk polycrystalline samples. Subsequent annealing suppresses the reentry into the normal state even though the resultant film has a higher resistivity ration and appears to have a sharper upper resistive transition. These results are discussed in the context of both domain wall superconductivity and possible antiferromagnetism rather than ferromagnetism of the low temperature phase.
The effect of observer experience on magnetic resonance imaging interpretation and localization of triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions

This study investigates the effect of experience of the interpreter on the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify the presence and anatomic location of a triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesion. Fifty-one patients who underwent wrist arthroscopy with preoperative MRI studies were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists with different levels of training and experience evaluated the MRI scans in a blinded manner. The sensitivity rates of the 2 observers for detection of TFCC lesions were 86% and 80%. The specificity rates were 96% and 80%. The accuracy rates for prediction of a TFCC tear were 83% and 61% for the 2 observers. The correct location of a TFCC lesion was predicted by the more experienced observer for 12 of 19 central, 3 of 4 radial, and 6 of 12 peripheral lesions. The less experienced observer correctly identified 8 of 19 central, 2 of 4 radial, and 2 of 12 peripheral tears. The overall accuracy rates for prediction of a TFCC lesion and its location were 69% and 37%. Our data indicate that the published accuracy rates for prediction of TFCC lesion location may be reproducible only in very specialized centers.
Urinary calcium excretion in healthy adolescents

To establish normative data for urinary calcium excretion in healthy adolescents, we measured calcium-creatinine ratios (UCa/Cr) in urine samples collected from 222 middle school teenagers of diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. Median UCa/Cr were: white girls, 0.23 mmol/L per mmol/L (0.08 as mg/dl per mg/dl); black girls, 0.14 (0.05); white boys, 0.14 (0.05); and black boys, 0.08 (0.03). The 95th percentile values for UCa/Cr were: white girls, 0.54 (0.19); black girls, 0.59 (0.21); white boys, 0.68 (0.24); and black boys, 0.50 (0.18). By nonparametric analysis, girls had significantly higher UCa/Cr than boys (p less than 0.01), and whites had significantly higher urinary UCa/Cr than blacks (p less than 0.01). No significant correlation was found between Tanner stage and UCa/Cr in either sex. This study provides data for detecting adolescents with high urine calcium excretion, which should be useful clinically and in studies designed to evaluate the significance of persistent hypercalciuria.
Case series of fatal Leptospira spp./dengue virus co-infections-Puerto Rico, 2010-2012

Co-infection with pathogens that cause acute febrile illness creates a diagnostic challenge as a result of overlapping clinical manifestations. Here, we describe four fatal cases of Leptospira species/dengue virus co-infection in Puerto Rico. Although all patients sought care early, antibiotic administration was delayed for most. Steroids were administered to all patients, in most cases before antibiotics. These cases show the need for clinicians evaluating patients in or recently returned from the tropics with acute febrile illness to consider both dengue and leptospirosis. Furthermore, they illustrate the need for nucleic acid- or antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests to enable timely patient diagnosis and management. In particular, antibiotic therapy should be initiated early for patients with suspected leptospirosis, and steroids should not be administered to patients with suspected dengue.
Congenital absence of the epiglottis and its potential role in obstructive sleep apnea

A 3 month old girl with congenital absence of the epiglottis presents with inspiratory stridor. Over the next 8 years frank obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) develops, confirmed by polysomnography. She has no difficulty in swallowing or phonation as assessed clinically and with barium swallow. This suggests that the epiglottis may help stabilize the upper airway, and any role in swallowing or phonation may, in its absence, be compensated by other mechanisms.
UNEXPLAINED HYPOGLYCEMIA IN BECKWITH-WEIDSMANN SYNDROME WITH BLUNTED GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE

We report a 34 week female infant, birth weight=3.7 Kg, length=49.5 cm with macroglossia, microcephaly, diastasis recti, pulmonic stenosis, visceromegaly, abnormal ear crease and multiple other problems including increased direct bilirubin and liver function tests. Severe hypoglycemia developed when weaned from parenteral nutrition at 6 weeks of age. Initial studies revealed growth hormone (GH)=7.7 ng/ml, cortisol (C)=9.7 mcg/ml, insulin (I)=2.1 mcU/ml when blood glucose (BG) = 21 ms/dl. Euglyccmia was maintained by continuous gastric feeding. Subsequent fasting showed GH=1.1, I <2.5, C=19.4, IGF I <0.6 U/ml, IGF II=532 ng/ml, C-peptide=1.1 ng/ml when BG=35. IV glucagon increased BG to 52. Therapy with GH (1 U IM QD) did not ameliorate hypoglycemia. Repeat glucagon stimulation on GH therapy demonstrated maximum I= 10 mcU/ml 1 minute after infusion and maximum GH= 3.7. Liver biopsy was negative for glycogen storage disease. Brain HRI and chromosomes were normal. Hyporbilirubinenia resolved during GH therapy. One week post GH therapy an argininc infusion test revealed: The reason for the hypoglycemia is unclear. Hyperinsulinemia or abnormal IGF I and II were not demonstrated. GH therapy was unsuccessful. Factors other than insulin, growth hormone and the known IGF's appear to play an important part in the macrosomia and hypoglycemia seen in this infant.
The English house in the age of its wireless dispersion

In the 1930s, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) broadcast hundreds of wireless programmes on domestic design, good housekeeping and home maintenance. Packaged in twenty-minute transmissions, they were sometimes designed for schoolchildren, at others, for their mothers and yet others for formal listening groups. As quotidian and humble in scale as their topic, broadcast home's ambition was titanic: to reform this oldest building typology into a training ground for the exercise of individual common sense, a modern cradle of and for a nation of competing, self-interested but inter-subjectively connected individuals, that would immunise British liberal democracy against the seductions of spectacle and grandiose monumentality of authoritarian ideologies. If the logic of typography had induced the professional journal to preserve the notion of house, even one that was mass-produced, as a monument, wireless, which Marshall McLuhan insightfully calls the reverberating ‘tribal drum’, supported an inclusiv...
IKKα, a critical regulator of epidermal differentiation and a suppressor of skin cancer

IκB kinase α (IKKα), one of the two catalytic subunits of the IKK complex involved in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, also functions as a molecular switch that controls epidermal differentiation. This unexpected function requires IKKα nuclear translocation but does not depend on its kinase activity, and is independent of NF-κB signalling. Ikkα–/– mice present with a hyperproliferative and undifferentiated epidermis characterized by complete absence of a granular layer and stratum corneum. Ikkα-deficient keratinocytes do not express terminal differentiation markers and continue to proliferate even when subjected to differentiation-inducing stimuli. This antiproliferative function of IKKα is also important for the suppression of squamous cell carcinogenesis. The exact mechanisms by which nuclear IKKα controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation remained mysterious for some time. Recent studies, however, have revealed that IKKα is a major cofactor in a TGFβ–Smad2/3 signalling pathway that is Smad4 independent. This pathway controls cell cycle withdrawal during keratinocyte terminal differentiation. Although these are not the only functions of nuclear IKKα, this multifunctional protein is a key regulator of keratinocyte and epidermal differentiation and a critical suppressor of skin cancer.
Review of field-reversed configurations

This review addresses field-reversed configurations (FRCs), which are compact-toroidal magnetic systems with little or no toroidal field and very high β (ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure). Although enthusiasm for the FRC has primarily been driven by its potential for an attractive fusion reactor, this review focuses on the physics rather than on technological or engineering aspects. Major advances in both theory and experiment have taken place since the previous comprehensive FRC review in 1988. Even so many questions remain. In particular, even though FRC experiments have exhibited remarkable stability, how well this extrapolates to larger systems remains unresolved. The review considers FRCs under familiar topical categories: equilibrium, global stability, self-organization, transport, formation, and sustainment.
Nonparametric Discriminant Analysis

A nonparametric method of discriminant analysis is proposed. It is based on nonparametric extensions of commonly used scatter matrices. Two advantages result from the use of the proposed nonparametric scatter matrices. First, they are generally of full rank. This provides the ability to specify the number of extracted features desired. This is in contrast to parametric discriminant analysis, which for an L class problem typically can determine at most L 1 features. Second, the nonparametric nature of the scatter matrices allows the procedure to work well even for non-Gaussian data sets. Using the same basic framework, a procedure is proposed to test the structural similarity of two distributions. The procedure works in high-dimensional space. It specifies a linear decomposition of the original data space in which a relative indication of dissimilarity along each new basis vector is provided. The nonparametric scatter matrices are also used to derive a clustering procedure, which is recognized as a k-nearest neighbor version of the nonparametric valley seeking algorithm. The form which results provides a unified view of the parametric nearest mean reclassification algorithm and the nonparametric valley seeking algorithm.
Physical Therapy and Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Educational Tool for Enhancing Integration

In an outpatient rehabilitation setting, both patients’ use and therapists’ knowledge of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) varies widely. Based on this observation and a recognition of CAM as an emerging practice area for rehabilitation professionals, it was felt that a thorough and consistent approach to the education and orientation of physical therapists to the world of CAM and integrative care was needed. This special interest paper will describe one center’s approach, development, and use of a unique and comprehensive training manual designed to provide both a structured and standardized approach for educating physical therapists about CAM and related therapeutic modalities. This innovative teaching tool allows for multiple methods of content delivery within a multidisciplinary format and can be used for those who practice currently or desire to practice in an integrative care environment.
Regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli by the local anesthetic procaine.

Procaine treatment of phoA-lac, malE-lac and ompF-lac operon fusion strains results in reduced β-galactosidase levels, suggesting that procaine inhibits transcription of these target genes.
Relationship of dietary dienoic acid content to that in mouse carcass fat.

Summary(1) Ether extracted soybean oil meal has been found to contain sufficient residual dienoic acids to account for the previously observed increased carcass fat dienoic acids of animals that ingest the meal. (2) Studies were conducted, with mice, on the carcass-fat levels of dienoic acids obtained as the dietary-dienoic-acid levels varied from 0 to 1.6%. Between the dietary levels of 0.1% and 0.8% dienoic acids, a curvilinear response curve was obtained and became linear when the logarithm of dietary intake was plotted against the logarithm of carcass fat level. At a dietary level of 1.6% dienoic acids, a disproportionately higher dienoic acid level was found in the carcass fat.
Measuring progress in Premo order-verification

Since verification of computational simulation codes requires significant resources, the ability to measure progress in verification is critical to assess whether resources are being applied appropriately. Additionally, potential users need to know what fraction of the software has been order-verified. In this study, the procedures and progress measures presented by Knupp et al. (Measuring progress order-verification within software development projects. Engineering with Computers, appears in this issue, 2007) are demonstrated on the Premo software, which simulates compressible aerodynamics through and around general geometries. Premo was selected for this demonstration because extensive order-verification tests have been previously performed, yet no systematic effort has been made to assess test-suite completeness or progress. This effort was performed to identify the practical issues encountered when attempting to apply the ideas by Knupp (Measuring progress order-verification within software development projects. Engineering with Computers, appears in this issue, 2007) to existing production-quality software. In this work, a non-specific order-verification exercise is considered, as opposed to an application-specific order-verification exercise, since past and present Premo order-verification efforts have been motivated by the need to verify all of the code, rather than portions relevant for specific applications. Constructing an order-verification test suite that verifies the order of accuracy of all the code capabilities is a major step in measuring progress. A practical approach to test-suite construction is described that helps create a complete test suite through a combination of coarse-grain code coverage, input-keyword inspection, discretization-algorithm documentation, and expert knowledge. Some of the difficulties and issues encountered during the construction of the test suite are described, along with recommendations on how to deal with them. Once the test suite is constructed, the progress measures proposed by Knupp (Measuring progress order-verification within software development projects. Engineering with Computers, appears in this issue, 2007) can be evaluated and used to reconstruct the history of progress in Premo verification over the past several years. Gaps in Premo verification are identified and indicate future directions for making progress. Additionally, a measure of Premo verification fitness is computed for selected applications commonly simulated in the aerospace industry. It is hoped that this demonstration will provide a practical example for other software-development groups in measuring their own verification progress.
Medical student identification of domestic violence as measured on an objective, standardized clinical examination.

Objective This study examined the incidence and predictors of domestic violence screening by third-year medical students at an end of clerkship Objective Standardized Clinical Examination. Study design Two hundred and seventy-five third-year medical students completed an 8-station end of clerkship Objective Standardized Clinical Examination as part of this retrospective observational study, one with nonspecific abdominal pain and possible domestic violence. Checklists on history, physical, communication, and interpersonal skills were collected. Domestic violence screening was analyzed by logistic regression and analysis of variance. Results The incidence of domestic violence screening by history alone was 34% before the physical. Interpersonal scores on the overall exam and domestic violence station, but not gender or rotation sequence, predicted domestic violence questioning. Conclusion In this standardized patient study there was a low rate of domestic violence screening by history.
Fast, High-Fidelity Simulation of Dynamic Thermo-Fluid States in Refrigeration Systems

A dynamic model of a heat exchanger containing a phase-changing refrigerant is presented. Due to fundamental characteristics of phase-changing fluids, the model is computationally inefficient. Remedies to this inefficiency, such as hastened computation of fluid properties, realistic heat transfer coefficient blending, and active control of oscillations in the thermodynamic state of the system are presented. These remedies are shown to minimally impact the output of the model while allowing it to execute much more quickly than real-time.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Der Paschen-Back-Effekt der Hyperfeinstruktur

Die Theorie des Paschen-Back-Effektes fur gewohnliche Multipletts wird erweitert zum Zwecke ihrer Anwendung auf Hyperfeinstrukturen, welche von einem Kernmoment herruhren. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den Backschen Aufnahmen der Wismutlinien verglichen.
UNIFIED APPROACH TO SOLVING OPTIMAL DESIGN - CONTROL PROBLEMS IN BATCH DISTILLATION

This article presents a unified approach to simultaneous solution of optimization and optimal control problems in batch distillation, operating under different modes of operation: variable, constant, or optimal reflux. The simplified, computationally efficient short-cut method and a novel algorithm to solve the optimal control problems in batch distillation is the basis of this unified approach. The short-cut method identifies the feasible region of operation essential for optimization and optimal control problems, and provides analytical partial derivatives of the model parameters crucial to the solution. The new algorithm for the solution of optimal combination of the maximum principle and NLP optimization techniques. It circumvents the problems associated with the maximum principle approach (iterative solution of a two-point boundary value problem, undounded control variables, and inability to handle the simultaneous optimization and optimal control problem), and the coupled ODE discretization-NLP optimization scheme for nonlinear models (higher system nonlinearities, multiplicity of solutions, sensitivity of convergence to initial guesses). This algorithm reduces the dimensionality of the problem, and the nature of the algorithm allows a common platform to optimal solutions of different operating conditions. This article also shows that different categories of the optimal control problems in batch distillation essentially involve the solution of the maximum distillate problem.
Long-term alteration of leg position due to shock avoidance by spinal rats.

Experiments by Horridge and others indicate that all or part of the ventral nerve cord of insects is capable of learning leg position. Our experiments suggest that the lumbosacral spinal cord of mammals is also able to learn leg position. All experiments were performed on young adult rats with thoracic or lumbar spinal cord transections. In Experiment I, rats received shocks whenever they lowered an electrode attacted to one hind foot into an electrolyte bath; yoked-control rats received the shocks along with the experimental animals. Experimental animals consistently held the foot with the electrode above the electrolyte. During the early minutes of the second phase, a testing situation, in which the experimental and control animals were both shocked for leg lowering, the eperimentals received fever shocks than the controls; the controls eventually withheld the foot. In Experiment II, one-animal preparations were used; one hind leg was a yoked control for the other. The results of Experiments I and II were analogous, although the differences between the experimental and control legs were less distinct in Experiment II. These results suggest that the lumbosacral spinal cord of mammals relates shock to leg position and directs the leg to avoid shock when leg position is contingent on shock. Hence the spinal cord might be used as a simple system for the study of mammalian learning.
Current treatments and promising investigations in a multidisciplinary setting

The care of the patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) requires a multidisciplinary approach. For many years, radiotherapy following surgery was considered the standard approach to the treatment of locally advanced resectable disease. Data from randomized trials have confirmed the benefits of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) in this setting and this is now the gold standard for treatment. Chemoradiotherapy is also the recommended approach for unresectable disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been useful in resectable disease where organ preservation is desirable, but a concomitant approach is superior. Although survival benefits have not been consistently demonstrated, the theoretical potential of this approach has lead to continued investigations using newer agents, such as the taxanes. Novel targeted agents, such as antagonists of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are showing promise in the treatment of patients with both locally advanced and recurrent/metastatic SCCHN. Treatment issues that require immediate attention include identifying optimal chemoradiotherapy regimens, clarifying the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, defining the optimal integration of targeted therapies into combined modality approaches and identifying useful prognostic and predictive factors.
Arctic decadal variability from an idealized atmosphere-ice-ocean model: 1. Model description, calibration, and validation

[1] This paper describes a simple “multibox” model of the Arctic atmosphere-ice-ocean system. The model consists of two major modules (an Arctic module and a Greenland Sea module) and several sub-modules. The Arctic module includes a shelf box model coupled with a thermodynamic sea ice model, and an Arctic Ocean model coupled with a sea ice model and an atmospheric box model. The Greenland Sea module includes an oceanic model coupled with a sea ice model and a statistical model of surface air temperature over the Greenland Sea. The full model is forced by daily solar radiation, wind stress, river runoff, and Pacific Water inflow through Bering Strait. For validation purposes, results from model experiments reproducing seasonal variability of the major system parameters are analyzed and compared with observations and other models. The model reproduces the seasonal variability of the Arctic system reasonably well and is used to investigate decadal Arctic climate variability in part 2 of this publication (Dukhovskoy et al., 2006).
The metabolic fate of I131 after large therapeutic doses in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid.

THE unpleasant fact emerging from the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the thyroid with I131 is that the results are frequently unsatisfactory. Freedberg, Ureles, Lesses and Gargill (1) have reported a single spectacular apparent cure, and Rawson (2) has seen 2 similar cases which were more advanced and in which the results were even more dramatic. We have also seen similar cases but they have been the exceptions. Yet the fact remains that large amounts of I131 may be concentrated in certain metastases. Why then are the results unsatisfactory? Certainly a partial answer is that the isotope is not concentrated uniformly in different metastases or even within the same metastasis. Perhaps part of the answer also is that insufficient dosage has been used. Increasing the dosage of I131 beyond certain limits will certainly lead to bone marrow damage. Rawson (2) has reported a single fatality in a patient who received 638 millicuries of I131 over a fourteen-month period, from which she received a calculated ...
Physician demand for leisure: implications for cesarean section rates

Logistic regression models test whether physician demand for leisure affects both total and unplanned cesarean section rates, after controlling for relevant clinical variables. Although nature distributes births and associated problems uniformly, time-dependent dummy variables related to leisure are significant predictors of both total and unplanned c-sections.
Spring Thaw and Its Effect on Terrestrial Vegetation Productivity in the Western Arctic Observed from Satellite Microwave and Optical Remote Sensing

Abstract Global satellite remote sensing records show evidence of recent vegetation greening and an advancing growing season at high latitudes. Satellite remote sensing–derived measures of photosynthetic leaf area index (LAI) and vegetation gross and net primary productivity (GPP and NPP) from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder record are utilized to assess annual variability in vegetation productivity for Alaska and northwest Canada in association with the Western Arctic Linkage Experiment (WALE). These results are compared with satellite microwave remote sensing measurements of springtime thaw from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). The SSM/I-derived timing of the primary springtime thaw event was well correlated with annual anomalies in maximum LAI in spring and summer (P ≤ 0.009; n = 13), and GPP and NPP (P ≤ 0.0002) for the region. Mean annual variability in springtime thaw was on the order of ±7 days, with corresponding impacts to annual productivity of ap...
Atacama Large Millimeter Array photonic local oscillator: femtosecond-level synchronization for radio astronomy

The ALMA Photonic LO system consists of a unique combination of a widely tunable and low-phase-noise millimeter-wave LO reference transmission, combined with a precise round-trip phase correction system based on an optical interferometer. The first installation of the system is now in place and supporting the initial phase of scientific commissioning of the telescope.
An efficient ranking and selection procedure for a linear transient mean performance measure

We develop a ranking and selection procedure for selecting the best configuration based on a transient mean performance measure. The procedure extends the OCBA approach to systems whose means are a function of some other variable such as time. In particular, we characterize this as a prediction problem and imbed a regression model in the OCBA procedure. In this paper, we analyze the linear case and discuss a number of extensions. Additionally, we provide some motivating examples for this approach.
Intrauterine device knowledge and practices: a national survey of obstetrics and gynecology residents.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the current intrauterine device (IUD) knowledge and counseling practices of US obstetrics and gynecology chief residents. The secondary objective was to evaluate the current IUD experience of obstetrics and gynecology residents. Methods: A Web-based survey about IUD knowledge and practices was sent to US obstetrics and gynecology residents in January 2010. An analysis of responses by postgraduate year was completed using descriptive statistics. Results: We received 699 surveys (36%) from a pool of 1922 residents in 96 different residency programs. A total of 654 respondents (94%) had placed an IUD during residency and 88% had received formal teaching about IUDs during residency. Only 53% of respondents knew that the copper IUD could be used for emergency contraception. Less than 65% of respondents would routinely recommend the IUD to adolescents or immediately after first trimester abortion. Conclusions: Many US obstetrics and gynecology residents lack knowledge about IUD benefits and do not counsel all eligible women to use IUDs. We should continue to evaluate our training and educational programs to ensure that women’s health providers do not act as a barrier to IUD use.
Lineage, temperature, and host species have interacting effects on lesion development in Phytophthora ramorum

Abstract There are four recognized clonal lineages of the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. The two major lineages present in North America are NA1 and NA2. With a few exceptions, NA1 is found in natural forest ecosystems and nurseries, and NA2 is generally restricted to nurseries. Isolates from the NA1 and NA2 lineages were used to infect rhododendron, camellia, and California bay laurel in detached leaf assays to study the effects of lineage, temperature, and host on pathogenicity and host susceptibility. Isolates within both lineages were highly variable in their ability to form lesions on each host. There was also a tendency toward reduced lesion size in successive trials, suggesting degeneration of isolates over time. Temperature had a significant effect on lesion size, with a response that varied depending on the host and isolate. Phenotypic differences between lineages appear to be heavily influenced by the representation of isolates used, host, and temperature. The importance of temperature, host, an...
The Physical spectrum of conformal SU(N) gauge theories

We investigate the physical spectrum of vector-like $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ gauge theories with infrared coupling close to but above the critical value for a conformal phase transition. We use dispersion relations, the momentum dependence of the dynamical fermion mass and resonance saturation. We argue that the second spectral function sum rule is substantially affected by the continuum contribution, allowing for a reduction of the axial-vector--vector mass splitting with respect to QCD-like theories. Possible consequences for technicolor theories are described.
The association between parenting and levels of self-control: a genetically informative analysis

A growing body of criminological research has tested Gottfredson and Hirschi’s parental management thesis that highlights the causal role that parents play in shaping their child’s level of self-control. Although the results of these studies appear to provide support for the parental management thesis, in general, they all fail to adequately control for genetic factors and child-driven effects, which may result in biased findings. The current study addresses these limitations by analyzing a sample of twin pairs drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Following quantitative genetic analysis, the results revealed that after taking into account genetic factors and child-driven effects, none of the covariance between parental management techniques and levels of low self-control was explained by parental socialization. The importance of these findings for criminological research examining the influence of parents on self-control specifically and antisocial behaviors generally is discussed.
Epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M mediates kidney fibrosis after injury.

Fibrosis is responsible for chronic progressive kidney failure, which is present in a large number of adults in the developed world. It is increasingly appreciated that acute kidney injury (AKI), resulting in aberrant incomplete repair, is a major contributor to chronic fibrotic kidney disease. The mechanism that triggers the fibrogenic response after injury is not well understood. In ischemic, toxic and obstructive models of AKI, we demonstrate a causal association between epithelial cell cycle G2/M arrest and a fibrotic outcome. G2/M-arrested proximal tubular cells activate c-jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which acts to upregulate profibrotic cytokine production. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor, or bypassing the G2/M arrest by administration of a p53 inhibitor or the removal of the contralateral kidney, rescues fibrosis in the unilateral ischemic injured kidney. Hence, epithelial cell cycle arrest at G2/M and its subsequent downstream signaling are hitherto unrecognized therapeutic targets for the prevention of fibrosis and interruption of the accelerated progression of kidney disease.
THE EFFECTS OF BACTERIA ON THE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF OEDOGONIUM CARDIACUM1

SUMMARY Isolates of male and female Oedogonium cardiacum for which defined media had been established were subsequently found to be contaminated with a species of Corynebacterium which failed to grow in the nutrient broth used, to test for contamination. After the cultures were rendered, axenic through treatment with, penicillin G, they failed to develop oogonia or sperm except occasionally at a very low level. The addition of small amounts of the bacterium increased the development of the reproductive structures; however a much more striking increase was obtained by constantly infecting the algal cultures with Pseudomonas putida. Neither of the bacteria increased growth as measured by dry weight; however the P. putida resulted, in the growth of very long filaments in contrast to the short filaments characteristic of both the axenic cultures and those infected with Corynebacterium sp.
Residency Training in Community Pediatrics

A required PL-3 rotation in community pediatrics, including assignments to preschool and school settings, private pediatric offices, and in-hospital re sponsibilities, is described. A university-affiliated community hospital pro vides the organizational base for the program. After 14 PL-3 rotations, analysis of program content, as well as resident and community response, shows the experience to be a practical and workable model for incorporating community pediatrics into residency training.
Address generation for memories containing multiple arrays

This paper presents techniques for generating addresses for memories containing multiple arrays. Because these techniques rely on the inversion or rearrangement of address bits, they are faster and require less hardware to compute than offset addition. Use of these techniques can decrease effective access time to arrays and reduce address generation hardware. The primary drawback is that extra memory space is occasionally required by these techniques, but this extra memory space is on average only 4% and no worse than 25.2% of the utilized memory space. This amount of wasted address space is less than the amount required by similar techniques.
Using transcriptional control to increase titers of secreted heterologous proteins by the type III secretion system.

The type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded at the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) locus secretes protein directly from the cytosol to the culture media in a concerted, one-step process, bypassing the periplasm. While this approach is attractive for heterologous protein production, product titers are too low for many applications. In addition, the expression of the SPI-1 gene cluster is subject to native regulation, which requires culturing conditions that are not ideal for high-density growth. We used transcriptional control to increase the amount of protein that is secreted into the extracellular space by the T3SS of Salmonella enterica. The controlled expression of the gene encoding SPI-1 transcription factor HilA circumvents the requirement of endogenous induction conditions and allows for synthetic induction of the secretion system. This strategy increases the number of cells that express SPI-1 genes, as measured by promoter activity. In addition, protein secretion titer is sensitive to the time of addition and the concentration of inducer for the protein to be secreted and SPI-1 gene cluster. Overexpression of hilA increases secreted protein titer by >10-fold and enables recovery of up to 28 ± 9 mg/liter of secreted protein from an 8-h culture. We also demonstrate that the protein beta-lactamase is able to adopt an active conformation after secretion, and the increase in secreted titer from hilA overexpression also correlates to increased enzyme activity in the culture supernatant.