cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor for nanometer-size on-chip temperature sensor

Graphene has been extensively investigated as a promising material for various types of high performance sensors due to its large surface-to-volume ratio, remarkably high carrier mobility, high carrier density, high thermal conductivity, extremely high mechanical strength and high signal-to-noise ratio. The power density and the corresponding die temperature can be tremendously high in scaled emerging technology designs, urging the on-chip sensing and controlling of the generated heat in nanometer dimensions. In this paper, we have explored the feasibility of a thin oxide graphene nanoribbon (GNR) as nanometer-size temperature sensor for detecting local on-chip temperature at scaled bias voltages of emerging technology. We have introduced an analytical model for GNR FET for 22nm technology node, which incorporates both thermionic emission of high-energy carriers and band-to-band-tunneling (BTBT) of carriers from drain to channel regions together with different scattering mechanisms due to intrinsic acoustic phonons and optical phonons and line-edge roughness in narrow GNRs. The temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of GNR FET-based temperature sensor shows approximately an order of magnitude higher TCR than large-area graphene FET temperature sensor by accurately choosing of GNR width and bias condition for a temperature set point. At gate bias VGS = 0.55 V, TCR maximizes at room temperature to 2.1×10−2 /K, which is also independent of GNR width, allowing the design of width-free GNR FET for room temperature sensing applications.
Functional lumen imaging probe: The FLIP side of esophageal disease

Purpose of review The aim of this review is to summarize use of the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) for the evaluation and management of esophageal diseases. Recent findings The FLIP utilizes high-resolution impedance planimetry to evaluate the functional geometry and cross-sectional area/pressure relationship (i.e. distensibility) of the esophageal sphincters and body. Recent studies have reported the potential utility of FLIP to evaluate esophageal diseases, such as achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Summary Esophageal distensibility measures provided by the FLIP will add to our understanding of the contribution of esophageal mechanical properties to esophageal symptoms and function. Application of the FLIP in clinical practice complements the diagnostic evaluation of esophageal function and may also be a valuable tool to help direct and target clinical management of esophageal diseases.
Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis data in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines treated with dioscin.

Microarray technology (Human OneArray microarray, phylanxbiotech.com) was used to compare gene expression profiles of non-invasive MCF-7 and invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells exposed to dioscin (DS), a steroidal saponin isolated from the roots of wild yam, (Dioscorea villosa). Initially the differential expression of genes (DEG) was identified which was followed by pathway enrichment analysis (PEA). Of the genes queried on OneArray, we identified 4641 DEG changed between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (vehicle-treated) with cut-off log2 |fold change|≧1. Among these genes, 2439 genes were upregulated and 2002 were downregulated. DS exposure (2.30 μM, 72 h) to these cells identified 801 (MCF-7) and 96 (MDA-MB-231) DEG that showed significant difference when compared with the untreated cells (p<0.05). Within these gene sets, DS was able to upregulate 395 genes and downregulate 406 genes in MCF-7 and upregulate 36 and downregulate 60 genes in MDA-MB-231 cells. Further comparison of DEG between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to DS identified 3626 DEG of which 1700 were upregulated and 1926 were down-regulated. Regarding to PEA, 12 canonical pathways were significantly altered between these two cell lines. However, there was no alteration in any of these pathways in MCF-7 cells, while in MDA-MB-231 cells only MAPK pathway showed significant alteration. When PEA comparison was made on DS exposed cells, it was observed that only 2 pathways were significantly affected. Further, we identified the shared DEG, which were targeted by DS and overlapped in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, by intersection analysis (Venn diagram). We found that 7 DEG were overlapped of which six are reported in the database. This data highlight the diverse gene networks and pathways in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines treated with dioscin.
State Channeling of Gene Flow by Regulation of Marriage and Procreation

The genetic makeup of an individual is dependent on the genotypes of the germ cells from whose fusion he arose. The number of different genes we carry in each cell is unknown, but is roughly estimated at between 10,000 and 100,000. Each gene may have more than one form called an allele so that we refer arbitrarily to a standard or wild-type allele and variant allele of a given gene. Our body or somatic cells generally have two representatives of each gene, one on each member of a chromosome pair. A person whose alleles for a given gene differ from each other is termed heterozygous for that gene, whereas when the alleles are the same, the person is termed homozygous wild-type or variant. This simple picture is marred by two exceptions: male humans having only one X chromosome have only one representation of the genes of that chromosome, and in either sex some genes may be duplicated extensively.
Gendered perceptions of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Abstract The survival of many populations of threatened mammals depends on the willingness of human communities to coexist with them. Gender is an important factor because men and women often have different perceptions of wildlife that influence their willingness to coexist with wildlife. While previous studies have hypothesized what may drive gendered perceptions of wildlife, research investigating the underlying drivers of these differences is lacking, especially in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to identify the underlying drivers of gendered differences in attitude toward globally endangered tigers (Panthera tigris) in Chitwan National Park (CNP), Nepal, where women are less likely to have a positive attitude. To accomplish this, we administered a social survey to 499 respondents living near the park. We analyzed survey data using nested linear regression models and decomposition analysis. Over 90% of the gender gap in attitude was explained through these analyses, with beliefs about tigers (e.g., benefits and costs) explaining two-thirds of the gap. The belief that tigers contribute to a healthy forest, by itself, accounted for one-third of the gender gap. Socio-economic characteristics explained 12% and experiences with tigers and perceptions of and control over risk each accounted for 6% or less of the gender gap. These results suggest that beliefs, rather than socio-economics, experience, or risk, underlie the majority of the gendered differences in attitudes toward tigers in CNP and that an appreciation of the ecosystem value of tigers plays a key role in people's positive attitudes. Analyses of gendered differences in attitudes are important for developing conservation interventions that address perspectives and issues of the entire population.
The Haitian Revolution, Black Petitioners and Refugee Widows in Maryland, 1796–1820

South. But slavery and freedom coexisted throughout the United States in uneasy competition. In Maryland, lawmakers constantly grappled with and attempted to maintain a delicate balance between slavery and freedom.2 Because of this, African Americans were interconnected into a variety of labor relations: family members could be held in perpetual lifetime slavery, others could be held in term servitude as indentured servants or as term slaves, and still others could be free wage workers. Masters could benefit from the array of workers available to them, especially since the wealthier planters owned farms and plantations in the countryside and in the city. Planters could hire workers during harvest or could release work ers during slack seasons as needed. African Americans moved throughout Maryland as these planters used workers to fulfill their need for laborers on their various farms. Sometimes masters would emancipate their slaves after time served because of liberatory fervor or because they earned it. Sometimes too, because of the laws, African Americans could find a rem edy for their enslavement in court. Their success in court depended on how Maryland legislators wanted to define the state nationally, as slave or free, during that time period.
Taste and nutrition: the uses and effectiveness of different advertising claims in women's magazine food advertisements

A multi-method study was conducted to examine different advertising claims in current food advertising and to determine the effectiveness of different advertising claims on females’ evaluative judgments of food advertisements. Content analysis results of 678 women's magazine food ads indicated functional food ads appeared to adopt nutrition appeals without taste claims and a combined use of nutrition appeals and taste claims, whereas hedonic food ads tended to use taste claims without nutrition appeals. Nevertheless, these food advertising practices were called into question by the results of two experiments, showing the combined use of nutrition appeals and taste claims was the most effective strategy for both hedonic and functional foods. However, for hedonic foods, advertisers need to include more congruent than extremely incongruent claims. Implications for food advertisers and policy-makers were discussed.
Percutaneous repair of right ventricular perforation with Amplatzer septal defect occlusion device.

A 65-year-old man with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and electrical storm was referred for catheter ablation of refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). The patient had a remote history of prior endo- and epicardial VT ablation. Electrocardiogram characteristics of the presenting VT were consistent with an epicardial exit. Epicardial access was obtained without complication, although …
Criterion validity of the D-KEFS color-word and verbal fluency switching paradigms following traumatic brain injury.

The present study was composed of two parts examining the clinical utility of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Verbal Fluency and Color-Word subtests in traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the first part, the performance of 128 outpatients with mild to severe TBI on the Verbal Fluency and Color-Word subtests was examined in relation to two primary indicators of TBI severity: length of coma and the presence of intracranial lesions on neuroimaging through regression analysis. After controlling for education, ethnicity, and complicating premorbid and comorbid factors, length of coma predicted performance on the Color-Word Inhibition/Switching subtest, whereas the presence of diffuse lesions was related to Verbal Fluency Category Switching performance. In the second part of this study, performance on the Category Switching and Inhibition/Switching subtests was compared between a group of 28 participants with moderate-to-severe TBI and demographically matched groups with mild-uncomplicated TBI (n = 28) and neurologically healthy control participants (n = 56). The moderate-to-severe TBI group performed significantly worse on both subtests than the mild-uncomplicated TBI and control groups, and the latter groups did not differ from each other on these subtests. Logistic regression analysis showed that the combined group classification accuracy of these subtests was 66.07%, with an area under the curve (AUC) of .70 and a likelihood ratio of 1.93. The findings provide modest support for the clinical utility of the Color-Word Inhibition/Switching subtest in the cognitive assessment of TBI, while also replicating prior research suggesting clinical utility of the Category Switching subtest in this population.
Occupational licensing causes a wage premium: Evidence from a natural experiment in Colorado’s funeral services industry

Abstract We study the effect of occupational licensing on wages in the funeral services industry using a rare natural experiment. In 1983, Colorado delicensed funeral services. Using difference-in-differences, difference-in-difference-in-differences, and synthetic control specifications, we compare wages in Colorado’s funeral services industry to wages in the US funeral services industry. Overall, the results from difference-in-differences, difference-in-difference-in-differences, and synthetic control specifications suggest occupational licensing causes a wage premium of 11–12%. We find similar results from a standard cross-sectional wage regression using data on individuals in 1990. Thus, this suggests that cross-sectional regressions of wages on occupational licensing in other industries are a good baseline estimate of a causal effect. We also find that licensing increases prices and appears to push consumers away from cremation and towards more expensive burial procedures.
Learning Curves for Sensory-Motor Performance

A theory which accounts for both increase of accuracy and decrease of time taken for sensory-motor performance with practice is proposed within the general concept that signals from sense organs and in the central nervous system have to be detected against a background of random neural activity (“neural noise”).
Investigating Remote Driving over the LTE Network

Remote driving brings human operators with sophisticated perceptual and cognitive skills into an over-the-network control loop, with the hope of addressing the challenging aspects of vehicular autonomy based exclusively on artificial intelligence (AI). This paper studies the human behavior in a remote driving setup, i.e., how human remote drivers perform and assess their workload under the state-of-the-art network conditions. To explore this, we build a scaled remote driving prototype and conduct a controlled human study with varying network delays based on current commercial LTE network technology. The study demonstrates that remote driving over LTE is not immediately feasible, primarily caused by network delay variability rather than delay magnitude. In addition, our findings indicate that the negative effects of remote driving over LTE can be mitigated by a video frame arrangement strategy that regulates delay magnitude to achieve a smoother display.
The New Gatekeepers

This study explores interactions between journalism and Silicon Valley with a qualitative textual analysis of interviews in the Riptide oral history of the digital disruption of journalism. Discour...
An Approach to Argument Macrostructure

Argument macrostructure concerns the overall support structure of statements as wholes in arguments. We may distinguish the standard approach through circles and arrows due to Beardsley and Thomas from Toulmin’s layout of arguments. Although Thomas has shown how the standard approach may accommodate arguments with suppositions, representing the structure of arguments replying to objections needs extension of the method through incorporating elements of the Toulmin model. We indicate how the two approaches may be synthesized. Questions analogous to those Toulmin uses to motivate introduction of distinct elements in his model may be used to motivate distinct argument structures on the standard approach. Questions motivating further structural distinctions can be straightforwardly formulated. These questions raise evaluative issues, connecting structural analysis with evaluation. We conclude the chapter by comparing and contrasting our method with Wigmore’s chart method and Pollock’s inference graphs.
OCLC: Enabling Collaboration and Innovation With and Between Academic Libraries, Nationally and Internationally

Abstract The chapter looks at OCLC as an example of academic library cooperation on a global and national scale. It explores OCLC membership and governance structures as well as cooperative services and cooperative data. The chapter describes what OCLC has done to enable collaboration and innovation and reflects on some of the challenges and issues of managing and growing a library cooperative. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the importance of international cooperation to the library profession and the opportunities for further collaboration.
Comparing Brain Responses during Anticipation of Tactile Stimulation Initiated by a Robot or a Human

Robots provide an opportunity to extend research on the cognitive, perceptual, and neural processes involved in social interaction. Our study examined how sensorimotor oscillatory EEG activity is influenced by participants' beliefs about the origin of tactile stimulation, as initiated by either a human or a robot agent. Participants first interacted with a robot that could press a button to trigger the delivery of a tactile stimulus. During EEG collection, participants sat behind a barrier and were told that the tactile stimulation was being triggered either by the robot or a human. The actual pattern of tactile stimulation was identical in both conditions. We analyzed activity of the sensorimotor mu rhythm during anticipation of tactile stimulation to the right hand, comparing EEG activity when participants believed that tactile stimulation was initiated by a robot or a human to a condition in which "nobody" received stimulation. We found significant condition effects on modulation of mu rhythm amplitude in anticipation of tactile stimulation, F(1, 15) = 4.23, p = .02. Post-hoc t-tests revealed that this effect was driven by significant differences in mu rhythm activity when anticipating stimulation from a human partner (p
The Intertropical Convergence Zone

The Intertropical Convergence Zone, or ITCZ, is a belt of wind convergence and associated convection encircling the globe in the near-equatorial region. In a zonally averaged view, it is located at the equatorward edge – the rising branch – of the Hadley cell. The ITCZ is characterized by the low-level wind convergence, low sea level pressure, intense convection and associated cloudiness. The zonally averaged ITCZ is not stationary, but slowly migrates from south of the equator during the northern hemisphere winter to north of the equator during the northern hemisphere summer, following the Sun.
Digitisation; Archiving and Distribution of Photographic Data from Schmidt Surveys

The limititations to the use of data from the major Schmidt surveys, i.e. grain noise as well as practical considerations of image processing and astrometry, are discussed, together with the question of mounting films on microdensitometer platens. Next, the major scanning systems dedicated to Schmidt surveys, their accomplishments, and their future programs are considered. Finally, the archiving and distribution of the scan data is discussed, and some suggestions regarding future directions are made.
The Organism According to Process Philosophy

Hans Jonas is a very interesting — I am tempted to say fascinating — as well as learned philosopher. He has written perceptively about biological problems and also about the type of philosophy in which I have most confidence. I have decided, however, not to comment in much detail upon his views. This is partly because I am not sure that he is at his best in evaluating process philosophy or in analyzing “the phenomenon of life.” I like him best either as an historian of ideas or as a moralist and philosopher of religion. He seems to me to stand for much that is most valuable in our spiritual heritage and also for much that is soundest in the “modern temper.” In both respects I think he is closer than he fully realizes to process philosophy.
Region-specific deflection responses of WorldSID and ES2-re devices in pure lateral and oblique side impacts

This research examined the region-specific deflection responses of the World Side Impact Dummy (WorldSID) and the European Side impact dummy with rib extension (ES2-re) under lateral and oblique side impact loading. A modular, anthropometry-specific load wall was used. Sled tests were conducted at 3.4, 6.7, and 7.5 m/s. Two chestbands were used on each dummy at the thoracic and abdominal regions. Internal sensors were also used. In oblique tests, the mean "IR-TRACC-type" peak deflections in the WorldSID were 40 to 80% of effective peak deflections, whereas the mean "potentiometer-type" peak deflections in the ES2-re were 7 to 50%. The WorldSID appears to better mimic region-specific responses to oblique loading than the ES2-re, likely due to the differences in its design of the thoracic and abdominal regions. While the lateral-most point corresponding to the current 1D IR-TRACC location was found to replicate the pure lateral response, it was found to be less than optimal to track oblique loading. Although a laterally positioned sensor provides lower peak deflections in oblique loading, the addition of an angle-measuring sensor should allow modulating the translational metric for this mode. From this perspective, it may be worthwhile to use a 2D IR-TRACC or an optical sensor to verify these findings without chestband measures. Such an analysis has the potential to modify thoracic and abdominal injury criteria to account for obliqueness.
Space-Time Symmetry in Doubly Periodic Circular Couette Flow

Our recent experiments(1–3) on the circular Couette system (two concentric cylinders with the outer cylinder fixed and the inner cylinder rotating) have determined the spatial and temporal characteristics of the doubly periodic flow regime. In many cases doubly periodic flow is the final preturbulent regime, so a thorough understanding of this regime is important for understanding the onset of turbulence in such cases.
Assessment of value of epidural magnesium sulfate in postoperative analgesia after lower limb vascular surgery

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the value of epidural magnesium sulfate in postoperative analgesia after lower limb vascular surgery. Patients and methods A total of 80 patients planned for elective lower limb vascular surgery were enrolled in a double-blind comparative study. Their ages were between 30 and 60 years and were of ASA physical status I–III. Patients were randomly distributed into two group: group A (n = 40) included patients who received 100-mg magnesium sulfate in 6 ml normal saline 0.9% plus 4 mg morphine epidurally, and group B (n = 40) had patients who received 4 mg morphine in 6 ml normal saline 0.9% epidurally. Results Regarding demographic data, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups. No significant difference in pain on visual analogue scale scores at 0 min to 2 h was found between both the groups, but there was a statistically significant lowering in pain on visual analogue scale between both the groups at 2 and 24 h at both rest and on movement. No significant difference between both the groups was found regarding the duration of the motor block. Regarding time to the first request of analgesia, there was a statistically considerable prolongation in group A. Regarding vital signs, there were no statistically significant differences observed between the two groups. Conclusion In the present clinical study, magnesium, which was administered epidurally, appeared to prolong the duration of morphine analgesia without noteworthy adverse effect. Furthermore, epidurally administered magnesium has an excellent safety profile in humans.
Treatment Resistance in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) impacts 2–3% of the population and can be disabling when severe. First-line treatments for OCD include (a) pharmacotherapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), (b) cognitive behavioral therapy consisting of exposure and ritual prevention, and (c) their combination. However, many patients do not respond to these treatments and are commonly referred to as “treatment-resistant.” This chapter will review the many factors that can contribute to treatment resistance in OCD, as well as current treatment options for these individuals.
The age of the universe in Cardassian models

The age of the universe is obtained in a subset of Cardassian models by using WMAP data. Cardassian expansion is a modification to the Friedmann equation that allows the universe to be flat, matter dominated, and accelerating, without a vacuum component. Since this model changes the evolution of the universe, we should not a priori expect the Cardassian age to be the same as the WMAP Friedmann derived result of 13.7 ± 0.2 Gyr. However, in the subset of Cardassian models that we consider, we discover that the age of the universe varies from 13.4 to 13.8 Gyr over the range of parameter space that we explore, a result close to that of the standard Λ cold dark matter model. The Hubble constant h, which may also vary in these models, likewise varies little from the Friedmann result.
Abstract 138: TNBC induces immune suppressive tumor microenvironments through microRNAs

Metastatic breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths for US women. The triple negative breast cancer subtype (TNBC) is one of the major contributors to breast cancer mortality, among all types of breast cancer. There are no effective treatments available for metastatic tumors. Therefore, identifying and targeting novel tumorigenesis pathways will facilitate developing effective therapeutic approaches that could ultimately lead to effective treatment for breast cancer, particularly metastatic cancer and TNBC. Our results demonstrate that miR-146a promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. We found that miR-146a was markedly overexpressed in TNBC cell lines. Notably, miR-146a deficiency in a spontaneous mammary tumor model leads to reduced tumor growth and metastasis. Notably, miR-146a shifts the polarization of macrophages into immunosuppressive phenotypes. Our studies suggest that miR-146a may contribute to tumor development through modulation of tumor microenvironments. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Beichu Guo, Melvin Kantono, Wei Sun. TNBC induces immune suppressive tumor microenvironments through microRNAs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 138.
Leadership Opportunities for Clinicians Working With Stuttering and Other Fluency Disorders

Purpose The purpose of this article is to inform readers of the importance of leadership and its relationship to the clinical management of stuttering and other fluency disorders. Using the America...
Use of a Mechanical Ventilator with Respiratory Function Monitoring Provides More Consistent Ventilation during Simulated Neonatal Resuscitation.

INTRODUCTION Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) with T-Piece and self-inflating bag (SIB) during neonatal resuscitation after birth is associated with variability in ventilation. The use of a ventilator with respiratory function monitoring (RFM) for PPV, however, has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To determine if ventilator + RFM can reduce ventilation variability compared to T-Piece and SIB in a preterm manikin at different combinations of target tidal volume (VT) and lung compliance (CL). METHODS Twenty clinicians provided PPV via mask and endotracheal tube (ETT) using SIB, T-Piece, T-Piece + RFM and Ventilator + RFM to a manikin with adjustable lung CL. Three combinations of CL and target VT: Low CL-Low VT, Low CL-High VT and High CL-Low VT were used in a random order. RESULTS The use of ventilator + RFM for PPV via ETT during High CL-Low VT period reduced the proportion of breaths with expiratory VT above target when compared to the other 3 devices (56 ± 35%, 85 ± 20%, 90 ± 25%, 92 ± 12% for ventilator + RFM, T-Piece + RFM, T-Piece, SIB, respectively; p < 0.05). During PPV via both mask and ETT, ventilator + RFM maintained the set Ti and rate, whereas SIB and T-Piece use resulted in higher rates, and T-Piece in higher proportion of breaths with prolonged Ti. During PPV via mask, ventilator + RFM reduced gas leakage compared to other devices. CONCLUSION In this simulation study, use of a mechanical ventilator with RFM led to an overall improvement in volume targeting at different settings of CL and reduced the gas leak during mask ventilation. The efficacy and safety of using this strategy to neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room needs to be evaluated.
Exploration of Non-Volatile MTJ/CMOS Circuits for DPA-Resistant Embedded Hardware

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ/CMOS-based Logic-in-Memory (LiM) circuits have nearly zero leakage power dissipation, and they are very appropriate to design low-power hardware. However, the differences in power consumption between the switching of MTJ devices increase the vulnerability of differential power analysis (DPA)-based side-channel attacks. Furthermore, the MTJ/CMOS hybrid logic circuits that require frequent switching of MTJs are not very energy efficient due to the significant energy required to switch the MTJ devices. MTJ/CMOS circuits consume uniform power if there is no switching of MTJs. In this article, we have investigated the novel approach of building cryptographic hardware in MTJ/CMOS circuits using a lookup table (LUT)-based method where the data stored in MTJs are constant during the entire encryption/decryption operation. As a case study, we have designed a non-linear bijective function of the PRESENT-80 lightweight cryptographic algorithm called substitution box or S-box and one round of PRESENT-80 cryptographic hardware using MTJ/CMOS circuits. The designs are simulated using 45 nm CMOS technology with perpendicular anisotropy CoFeB/MgO MTJ model using Cadence Spectre simulator. From our simulations, we found that the PRESENT-80 S-box circuit and one round of PRESENT-80 cryptographic hardware implemented using MTJ/CMOS circuits save up to 26% and 29% of energy, respectively, compared to the conventional CMOS-based designs at 50 MHz. Furthermore, the security of the MTJ/CMOS circuits has been evaluated by performing a simulation-based DPA attack. From our simulations, we found that the PRESENT-80 cryptographic hardware implemented using MTJ/CMOS circuits is resistant against DPA attack. Low-energy and DPA-resistant property along with high density and low leakage make MTJ/CMOS circuits suitable to implement in low-energy and secure embedded cryptographic hardware.
Lack of Routine Healthcare among Resident Physicians in New England.

Background Although physician health promotes retention to the profession and encourages higher-quality patient care, residents can face challenges seeking routine medical care. Erratic working hours, time constraints, easy access to informal health consultation, and a culture of self-reliance can deter help-seeking behavior. Despite national focus on physician burnout and efforts to promote wellness, little is known about the self-care habits of residents. The goal of this study was to evaluate the routine healthcare practices of resident physicians. Study Design A 44-question survey with questions on medical and psychiatric health was electronically distributed to 102 program directors in 20 New England teaching hospitals. Program directors were asked to forward the survey to current trainees. Results Two hundred and ninety-nine residents completed the survey. One-third of respondents reported not having a routine place for care (RPFC), and these residents had lower use of preventive health services. Thirty-eight percent of residents taking daily prescription medication did not have an RPFC. Compared with residents in family medicine, those in surgery, internal medicine, radiology, anesthesia, OB/GYN, and pediatrics were considerably more likely to lack an RPFC. Although two-thirds of respondents reported symptoms of depression, these residents were less likely to have been under the care of a mental health professional than those who did not report depression symptoms. Conclusions Despite a high prevalence of self-reported depression and prescription medication use, a significant proportion of surveyed resident physicians in New England do not seek mental health resources and lack consistent, routine healthcare. Resident health is vital to the mission of physician well-being and mitigating the escalating problem of burnout. Barriers to self-care and help-seeking behavior should be evaluated to promote sustainable behavior that will encourage a long professional career.
Fire on the Mountain: The Ideal Free Distribution and Early Hunter-gatherer Demography in the Tennessee River Drainage, USA

The colonisation of North America and subsequent adaptation to climate change are major research foci in the American Southeast. Here, we used the Ideal Free Distribution from Behavioural Ecology a...
Image-guided surgical navigation for bone-conduction hearing device implant placement.

Abstract Introduction For pediatric patients, bone-conduction hearing devices (BCHD) have demonstrated excellent outcomes. Unique to this population, BCHD implant surgeries can be technically challenging in children due to thinner, developing bone and syndromes with atypical anatomy. Image-guided surgical navigation (IGSN) clarifies underlying skull structure, potentially improving outcomes. IGSN is commonly used in otorhinolaryngologic surgeries, but current use in BCHD placement surgeries remains unprecedented. We report favorable results of IGSN in BCHD implantation for three children with complex otologic anatomy: two syndromic patients with variable temporal bone thickness, and one with prior mastoidectomies. The three patients each underwent a successful hearing implant surgery without significant intra- or post-surgical complications. All patients had good audiologic outcomes. Methods and materials We report using IGSN to assist in BAHA or BONEBRIDGE™ implant surgery for three medically complicated patients. For stereotactic imaging, the patients each received pre-operative high-resolution CT scans using the paranasal sinus fusion protocol without contrast. The first patient was a 6-year-old male with CHARGE-associated abnormal temporal bone anatomy, atretic left auditory nerve, and bilateral chronic tympanic membrane perforation and otorrhea resulting in bilateral mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. The patient thus was unable to consistently tolerate hearing aids. The second patient was an 18-year-old male with Rosai-Dorfman disease, history of bilateral chronic mastoiditis and middle ear infections, bilateral mastoidectomies, and bilateral malleus and incus removal resulting in mixed conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. The third patient was an 11-year-old male with Treacher Collins Syndrome, bilateral microtia, and bilateral atresia of the external auditory canals resulting in bilateral conductive hearing loss. Results The patients each underwent a successful hearing implant surgery without significant intra- or post-surgical complications. All patients had good audiologic outcomes. Conclusion Intraoperative IGSN can be a beneficial adjunct to BCHD implant placement surgeries for pediatric patients with abnormal temporal bone anatomy. IGSN can help identify the optimal surgical implantation sites, thereby reducing the risk for major morbidities associated with BCHD implantations. Furthermore, our findings expand application of IGSN use to placement of both BAHA and BONEBRIDGE™.
Critique of Formal-Legalism

Here, a number of flaws of formal-legalism as an explanatory paradigm to the problem of state-building, and to society in general, are discussed not in an exhaustive but, rather, in an illustrative way. In particular, it highlights its institutional bias, conservative orientation, and class-based predisposition with consequences on how society is configured, how force is used and legitimated, and how these are rationalized by its practitioners. With illustrations, it distinguishes between the formal tenets of the paradigm, on the one hand, and the actual behavior of states acting in their interests, on the other, and shows that while there is discrepancy between the two, formal-legalism is reduced to its instrumental role.
Christian Flesh By P. J. Griffiths (2018)

Christian Flesh By P. J. Griffiths (2018) Stanford: Stanford University Press, xviii + 153pp.
Kinesthetic Curiosity: Towards Personalized Embodied Learning with a Robot Tutor Teaching Programming in Mixed Reality.

Personalizing interactions in socially assistive robot (SAR) tutoring has shown promise with a wide variety of learners, especially when using multiple interaction modalities. Many of those interactions, however, focus on seated learning contexts, creating a need for multimodal personalization measures in kinesthetic (i.e., embodied) learning contexts. This paper proposes a multimodal measure of student kinesthetic curiosity (\(KC^S\)) that combines a student’s movement and curiosity measures into a single, personalized measure. This work evaluates the efficacy of \(KC^S\) in a SAR tutor interaction by conducting a within-subjects (\(n=9\)) pilot study where participants completed kinesthetic mixed reality coding exercises alongside a curious robot tutor whose actions were determined by \(KC^S\). The study results indicate that the stationarity assumptions needed for \(KC^S\) were met and that the robot tutor was able to successfully use \(KC^S\) to personalize its action policy, thereby positively affecting short term \(KC^S\). However, no significant results were found for longer state changes for each student. The mixed reality visual programming language (MoveToCode) created for this work has been made open-source. This work aims to inform future online features and measures for mixed reality human-robot interactions.
Nickel-Iron Alloy Nanoparticle Characteristics Pre- and Post-Reaction With Orange G

Bimetallic nanoparticles comprised of iron and nickel were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated to optimize the ideal metal ratio for azo dye removal from water systems. Results show that changing the molar ratio of nickel to iron caused different removal rates, as well as the extent of overall elimination of azo dye from water. Lower molar ratios, from Ni1Fe10 to Ni2.5Fe10, exhibited a higher removal efficiency of 80–99%. Higher concentrations of Ni in the catalyst, from Ni3Fe10 to Ni5Fe10, resulted in 70–90% removal. The lower molar ratios of Ni exhibited a consistent removal rate of 0.11 g/L/min, while the higher molar ratios of Ni displayed varying removal rates of 0.1–0.05 g/L/min. A second order kinetic model was fit to the first twenty minutes of the reaction for all nickel to iron compositions, where there is a decrease in rate constant with an increase in molar ratio. During the last forty minutes of reaction, azo dye removal fit a zero order kinetic model. All as-synthesized nanoparticle samples were found to be structurally disordered based on the lack of distinct peaks in XRD spectra. Post-reaction samples were found to have Fe2O3 and FeOOH cubic peaks.
The Anomalous Resonant Frequency Variation of Microwave Superconducting Niobium Cavities Near $T_c$

Superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) niobium cavities are the modern means of particle acceleration and an enabling technology for record coherence superconducting quantum systems and ultra-sensitive searches for new physics. Here we report a systematic effect observed on a large set of bulk SRF cavities - an anomalous decrease of the resonant frequency at temperatures just below the superconducting transition temperature - which opens up a new means of understanding the physics behind nitrogen doping and other modern cavity surface treatments relevant for future quality factor and coherence improvements. The magnitude of the frequency change correlates systematically with the near-surface impurity distribution in studied cavities and with the observed $T_c$ variation. We also present the first demonstration of the coherence peak in the real part of the AC complex conductivity in Nb SRF cavities and show that its magnitude varies with impurity distribution.
Clinicians' Perspectives on the Functions of Communication in Pediatric Oncology.

Background: Parents previously identified eight core functions of communication with clinicians in pediatric oncology. Objective: To determine clinicians' views on communication functions in pediat...
The Impact of Surgery duration and Surgery End Time on Postoperative Sleep in Older Adults.

Objectives/Background Sleep disruption is prevalent in older patients. No previous studies have considered the impact of surgery duration or surgery end time of day on postoperative sleep disruption. Accordingly, we examined the duration of surgery and surgery end times for associations with postoperative sleep disruption. Methods Inclusion criteria were patients ≥ 65 years of age undergoing major, non-cardiac surgery. Sleep disruption was measured by wrist actigraphy and defined as wake after sleep onset (WASO) during the night, or inactivity/sleep time during the day. The sleep opportunity window was set from 22:00 to 06:00 which coincided with "lights off and on" in the hospital. WASO during this 8-hour period on the first postoperative day was categorized into one of three groups: ≤ 15%, 15-25%, and > 25%. Daytime sleep (inactivity) during the first postoperative day was categorized as ≤ 20%, 20-40%, and > 40%. Statistical analyses were conducted to test for associations between surgery duration, surgery end time and sleep disruption on the first postoperative day and following night. Results For this sample of 156 patients, surgery duration ≥ 6 hours and surgery end time after 19:00 were not associated with WASO groups (p = 0.17, p = 0.94, respectively). Furthermore, daytime sleep was also not affected by surgery duration or surgery end time (p = 0.07, p = 0.06 respectively). Conclusion Our hypothesis that patients with longer duration or later-ending operations have increased postoperative sleep disruption was not supported. Our results suggest the pathophysiology of postoperative sleep disruption needs further investigation.
Oxidation kinetics of methyl decanoate in a motored engine

Abstract Low-temperature oxidation of methyl decanoate was experimentally investigated in a motored engine. The engine was operated in a premixed mode at a fixed speed of 700 rpm and an intake temperature of 125 °C. Compression ratio was varied between 5.5 and 9.0 for an equivalence ratio of 0.25. The study analyzes heat release and stable species concentrations in the oxidation products at each studied compression ratio. A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer was used to identify and quantify the composition of the exhaust gas. More than sixty stable intermediate species were detected. Quantitative concentration measurements were carried out for selected alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, and alcohols. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to detect and quantify carbon monoxide and dioxide. The oxidation process shares features in common with alkane oxidation, with differences related to methyl ester intermediates formation specific to methyl decanoate oxidation. Specifically, the unsaturated ester methyl prop-2-enoate was generated in considerable amounts. The heat release and speciation trends show two-stage ignition and negative temperature coefficient features. The experimental data are also compared to numerical results calculated based on an existing reaction mechanism for methyl decanoate.
Prevalence of COPD Diagnosis in Hospitalized Adults

Background: COPD has been extensively studied to be underrecognized in patients and most recently has been demonstrated to be over diagnosed in some populations. COPD should be considered in anyone with dyspnea, chronic cough, sputum production and/or a history of risk factors, such as smoking. Spirometry demonstration of persistent airflow limitation continues to be required for an objective diagnosis of COPD. Misdiagnosis of COPD for a patient can lead to unnecessary financial strain and higher morbidity when not addressing the true driver of symptoms. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of misdiagnosis of COPD in hospitalized patients. Methods: Three clinicians retrospectively reviewed a sample of 96 patient charts who were hospitalized at a university medical center in 2019. The patient population was identified as having one or more hospitalizations for any cause in 2019, a primary care patient in the health system, and carried a diagnosis of COPD in their electronic medical record (EMR). The reviewers were part of a QI population health initiative, aimed at identifying barriers and needs of patients with COPD. Exemption was obtained through the University of California, Davis IRB #1759094-1. Results: Of the 96 total charts with COPD, 19 patients (20%) with a history of COPD in their EMR had negative objective data confirming COPD. These patients demonstrated no obstruction on spirometry or FEV1/FVC > LLN post bronchodilator per GOLD guidelines. Conclusions: Differentials should be considered in patients with dyspnea and a diagnosis of COPD must be challenged. Signs and symptoms, risk history, and confirmation of obstruction on spirometry must be confirmed. Misdiagnosis is a potential source of health care waste, defined as overtreatment or low-value care by subjecting patients to care that is engrained in outdated habits and ignoring science. Misdiagnosis of COPD provide aimed goals for health system interventions, including workflows for necessary removal of mislabeling in EMR and appropriate identification of symptom causes.
A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600-1960

The mobilization of local ideas about racial difference has been important in generating, and intensifying, civil wars that have occurred since the end of colonial rule in all of the countries that straddle the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. From Sudan to Mauritania, the racial categories deployed in contemporary conflicts often hearken back to an older history in which blackness could be equated with slavery and non-blackness with predatory and uncivilized banditry. This book traces the development of arguments about race over a period of more than 350 years in one important place along the southern edge of the Sahara Desert: the Niger Bend in northern Mali. Using Arabic documents held in Timbuktu, as well as local colonial sources in French and oral interviews, Bruce S. Hall reconstructs an African intellectual history of race that long predated colonial conquest, and which has continued to orient inter-African relations ever since.
Characterization of Catalytically Relevant Fast Dynamics at the Active Site of Formate Dehydrogenase

Whether and how the fast protein structural fluctuations affect the catalyzed chemistry in enzymes' active site is the subject of an open debate. Formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii (CbFDH), which catalyzes a single hydride-transfer from formate to NAD+, was found to be a unique model system to address this question because azide serves as both a transition state (TS) – analogue and an excellent IR probe in FDH-NAD+-Azide ternary complex. Our previous kinetic and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) studies on commercial CbFDH identified probable relations between femtosecond-picosecond (fsec-psec) dynamics and the catalyzed H-tunneling step. We solved the crystal structure of the ternary complex and introduced a series of active site mutations (I175V, I175A, V123A, V123A/I175V, V123A/I175A) to systematically increase the donor–acceptor distance (DAD) distribution. We found an increase in the temperature dependence of KIEs in mutations with smaller side chain (longer DAD). Results identif...