cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
L-histidine-induced hypercholesterolemia: characteristics of cholesterol biosynthesis in rat livers.

SummaryA diet supplemented 5% with L-histidine caused a 100% increase in the incorporation of [2-14C] acetate or [1-14C] octanoate into cholesterol in liver slices of weanling rats after four days of feeding. The incorporation of the labeled substrates into triglycerides decreased 38%. The hepatic DNA-to-protein ratio decreased 19% with histidine feeding, suggesting an increase in hepatocyte size.We wish to thank Dr. Burr Eichelman for his help in the preparation of this manuscript.
Toward a Communications Theory of Democratic Political Development: A Causal Model

The construction of an empirical theory of democratic political development is dependent on the formulation of causal propositions which are generalizations of the developmental process. To date, several essential steps in the process of constructing such a theory have been taken. First, concept formation and clarification by students of political development has led to an emphasis upon political democracy as one of the dependent variables for the field. Second, the gathering and publication of quantitative indicators of social, economic, cultural, and political phenomena provide a firm basis for subsequent empirical inquiry. Finally, correlational analysis has identified numerous variables which are closely associated with the development of democratic political institutions.The next major task is the formulation and testing of empirical models of democratic political development which provide a basis for inferring causal relationships by distinguishing between spurious correlations and indirect and direct effects. The accomplishment of this task would enable us to derive explanatory propositions concerning the process of democratic political development.
In vitro Response of Lymphocytes to Minimal Doses of X-Rays.∗

ConclusionA dosage of approximately 20 r (7 1/2 sec at 155 r/sec) produces a significant inhibition in the migration rate of lymphocytes. At one-half this dosage the results are of questionable significance.
Unplanned admissions following outpatient otologic surgery: the University of Arkansas experience.

We analyzed the outpatient otologic surgery experience at our institution to identify those factors that are associated with a high risk of postoperative complications that require an unplanned hospital admission. We found that among a group of 662 patients who underwent group II otologic procedures (i.e., tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy, stapedotomy, and middle ear exploration), the overall admission rate was 4.7%, of which 3.9% were unplanned. A significantly larger percentage of children were admitted than adults (5.7 vs. 2.3%), primarily for nausea and vomiting. Three factors were significantly associated with unplanned admissions: the type of surgery (tympanomastoidectomy with ossicular reconstruction), the duration of general anesthesia (> 2 hr), and asthma as a coexisting condition. The choice of antiemetic administered (ondansetron or droperidol) and the specific agents used for general anesthesia did not appear to have any significant impact on unplanned admissions. We recommend that the three predisposing factors be taken into consideration when formulating the treatment plan. Scheduling an inpatient procedure for patients who have risk factors for complications requiring hospitalization would avoid the extra costs and stress associated with unplanned admissions.
Frequency of the Position 122 (VAL→ILE) Variant Transthyretin Gene in Blacks Without Amyloidosis

Transthyretin (TTR) (122 Val→Ile), caused by a point mutation which destroys a Mae III restriction site, is associated with cardiac TTR-amyloid deposition, causing congestive heart failure, in Blacks. To determine the frequency of the Mae III (-) gene in the Black population, DNA from 177 Black individuals without amyloidosis was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) around TTR codon 122 and digested with Mae III. The Mae III (-) gene frequency was 1.1%, suggesting that this variant is relatively common in Blacks.
Thoughts About a Students' Dictionary of Classical Chinese

(1966). Thoughts About a Students' Dictionary of Classical Chinese. Monumenta Serica: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 197-206.
Bartonella Species and Vascular Pathology

In recent years, an increasing number of Bartonella species have been identified as zoonotic pathogens that are transmitted by animal bites or scratches, needle sticks, blood transfusions, or by arthropods. Potentially, because Bartonella spp. can infect erythrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and various macrophage-type cells, cardiac and vascular pathologies appear to be very diverse in human patients and animals. Due to current limitations associated with diagnostic testing for bartonellosis, a high index of suspicion is required, particularly in patients with persistent bacteremia, small-vessel disease, and nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, weakness, muscle, and joint pain. Because of the rapid discovery of new, pathogenic Bartonella spp., the expanding number of arthropods proven or suspected in transmission, the large numbers of infected animal reservoir hosts in nature, and the broad spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities reported in recent years, bartonellosis may be a much more prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients throughout the world than is currently recognized.
The impact of maternal adiposity specialization on infant birthweight: upper versus lower body fat.

Abstract Background The specialization of human fat deposits is an inquiry of special importance in the study of fetal growth. It has been theorized that maternal lower-body fat is designated specifically for lactation and not for the growth of the fetus. Objective Our goal was to compare the contributions of maternal upper-body versus lower-body adiposity to infant birth weight. We hypothesized that upper-body adiposity would be strongly associated with infant birth weight and that lower-body adiposity would be weakly or negligibly associated with infant birth weight—after adjusting for known determinants. Study design In this prospective cohort study, 355 women initiated medical pre-natal care during the first trimester of pregnancy at The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center during 1990–1993. Maternal anthropometric measurements were assessed at the first clinic visit: (a) height; (b) weight; (c) circumferences of the upper arm, forearm, and thigh; and, (d) skin-fold measurements of the bicep, subscapular region, and thigh. Results Infant birth weight was regressed on known major determinants to create the foundational model. Maternal anthropometric variables subsequently were added one at a time into this multiple regression model. The highest contribution by a single anthropometric variable to infant birthweight was, in order: subscapular skin-fold, forearm circumference, and thigh circumference. With one upper-body (subscapular skin-fold) and one lower-body (circumference of the thigh) adiposity measure in the model, the z-score regression coefficient (s.e.) was 85.7 g (30.8) [p = 0.0057] for maternal subscapular skin-fold and 19.0 g (31.6) [p = 0.5477] for circumference of the thigh. When the second-best upper-body contributor to infant birthweight (circumference of the forearm) was entered with one lower-body measure into the model, the z-score regression coefficient (s.e.) was 77.5 g (38.5) [p = 0.0451] for maternal forearm circumference and 14.1 g (38.5) [p = 0.7146] for circumference of the thigh. When both subscapular skinfold and forearm circumference were added to the model in place of BMI, the explained variance (r 2 = 0.5478) was similar to the model using BMI (r 2 = 0.5487). Conclusion Upper-body adiposity – whether operationalized by subscapular skin-fold or circumference of the forearm – was a markedly larger determinant of infant birth weight than lower-body adiposity.
Extended Glauert Tip Correction to Include Vortex Rollup Effects

Wind turbine loads predictions by blade-element momentum theory using the standard tip-loss correction have been shown to over-predict loading near the blade tip in comparison to experimental data. This over-prediction is theorized to be due to the assumption of light rotor loading, inherent in the standard tip-loss correction model of Glauert. A higher- order free-wake method, WindDVE, is used to compute the rollup process of the trailing vortex sheets downstream of wind turbine blades. Results obtained serve an exact correction function to the Glauert tip correction used in blade-element momentum methods. It is found that accounting for the effects of tip vortex rollup within the Glauert tip correction indeed results in improved prediction of blade tip loads computed by blade-element momentum methods.
CPB2 Deficiency Protects Against Polymicrobial Sepsis

Abstract 1110 Procarboxypetidase B-2 (pro-CPB2) (also termed thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, TAFI) is activated by the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex to generate a basic carboxypeptidase (CPB2). Fibrin and complement C5a have been shown to be physiological CPB2 substrates, but the role of CPB2 in sepsis is unclear. We hypothesized that in polymicrobial sepsis, the CPB2 KO mice would have exacerbated disease because there would be enhanced activation of C5a, leading to an augmented inflammatory response and tissue injury. To our surprise, in a polymicrobial sepsis model in which the cecum was ligated and punctured (CLP), CPB2 deficient mice had a significant improvement in survival compared to wild type (WT) mice (p = 0.021) (Fig. 1). The median survival time of 3 days in WT mice was extended to 4 days in CPB2 KO mice (p = 0.015). Lung edema as measured by wet/dry lung weight ratio was decreased from 4.4 in the WT mice to 2.5 in the CPB2 KO mice (p = 0.0001) at 48 hr after CLP (Fig. 2). Peritoneal lavage fluid levels of protein and the amount of cell infiltration into the peritoneum at 48 hr was lower in CPB2 KO than WT mice. There was less liver damage assessed as AST and ALT in plasma in the CPB2 KO mice at 48 hr than in WT mice while there was a trend to an increase in BUN suggesting kidney damage in WT mice. There was a greater decrease in the white blood cell count of WT mice than CPB2 KO mice with a drop in lymphocyte numbers accounting for most of that decrease. Inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and total C5a were lower in plasma from CPB2 KO mice at 6 hr after CLP than in WT plasma. The data suggest that WT mice in this model underwent multiple organ failure leading to their death and the CPB2 deficient mice were protected from the consequences of CLP. Overall these data show that lack of CPB2 protects against polymicrobial sepsis with a concomitant reduction in inflammation. Further studies are underway to determine which substrate is key to the prolonged survival of CPB2 deficient mice in this model. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Flavored Tobacco Product Use among Youth and Young Adults: What if Flavors Didn't Exist?

Objective We aimed to determine the potential for reductions in the prevalence of young people's e-cigarette and tobacco use if characterizing flavors were not present. Methods Two parallel cross-sectional surveys of 2483 youth (TATAMS: Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System) and 4326 young adults (M-PACT: Marketing and Promotions across Colleges in Texas) in Texas (Houston, Dallas/Ft. Worth, San Antonio, Austin). Current use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco (cigarettes, cigar products, hookah, smokeless tobacco). Users were asked: "When you use [product], do you usually use any of the following flavors?" Flavored product users were asked: "Would you continue using [product] if it were not flavored?" Results Over 80% of youth and young adult tobacco users reported using flavored tobacco. Three-fourths of flavored product users said they would no longer use the product if it was not flavored. This was highest for e-cigarettes and hookah and lowest for cigarettes. Few demographic differences in findings were observed. Conclusions Restricting flavors in tobacco products would not eradicate e-cigarette or other tobacco use among young people, but the potential for substantial reductions in the prevalence of young people's e-cigarette and other tobacco use seems high if flavors were removed.
Does preterm period sleep development predict early childhood growth trajectories

The current study examined the relationship between sleep state development across the preterm and early post-term periods and subsequent growth trajectories from 1 to 27 months corrected age. Retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from 111 preterm infants (⩽34 weeks gestation) who participated in a multi-site longitudinal study. Separate longitudinal parallel process models were calculated for each sleep state (active and quiet sleep) and growth (weight, length and body mass index (BMI) Z-scores) variable to estimate the associations between their developmental trajectories. Significant associations were identified between the trajectories of quiet sleep and weight, active sleep and weight, quiet sleep and BMI, and active sleep and BMI. No statistically meaningful associations were identified between the trajectories of early childhood length and the preterm sleep states. Faster preterm period sleep development appears to predict more favorable early childhood growth trajectories, particularly for weight, indicating preterm sleep may be an important biomarker for subsequent growth outcomes.
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: Follow-up Patterns in the United States and Concordance With Clinical Practice Guidelines

Abstract Objective To determine follow-up practice patterns of US patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and their concordance with 4 clinical practice guidelines. Patients and Methods In a retrospective analysis of adult patients using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse database, we identified those who had an incident diagnosis of MGUS from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2013, no history or subsequent diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic malignancy, and at least 2 years of follow-up. Results A total of 11,676 patients with MGUS were included in the study. During the first 2 years after MGUS diagnosis, the distribution of patients by mean interval between visits was as follows: less than 6 months, 12.7%; every 6 to 12 months, 25.2%; every 13 to 24 months, 17.7%; and longer than 24 months, 44.4%. A higher proportion of patients were followed up at intervals of less than 13 months over time, from 32.7% to 41.1% (P Conclusion The MGUS follow-up practice patterns varied geographically and demographically and were frequently discordant with guideline recommendations. A large proportion of patients with limited life expectancy had frequent follow-up visits.
44 Evaluation of a scald prevention intervention in the paediatric primary care clinic

Statement of purpose This paper reports the effectiveness of the scald prevention intervention on knowledge, self reported prevention behaviours and observed home water temperature. Methods/approach Safe Start is a three-group randomised controlled trial comparing a scald prevention intervention delivered by health education staff (Intervention Group, IG) as part of the 2 week well child visit (WCV) and an attention-matched control group (Control Group, CG) that received a safe sleep prevention intervention, and a standard of care group (Standard of Care Group, SG). A baseline survey was completed in the clinic at the 2 week WCV; follow up surveys were completed in the home at 4–6 weeks. Results 149 participants were enrolled and completed a follow-up interview. The typical participant was a 26 year old African American (90%) mother living in a rental property (87%) receiving medical assistance (80%) with at least a high school education (58%). Compared to the attention matched control and standard of care groups, the intervention group demonstrated increased knowledge on 5 of 9 individual scald risk items and the overall knowledge score (74% (IG)vs. 48%–46%) correct, p=0.00). The IG parents were more likely to report water heater testing behaviour (45% (IG) vs. 11%–7%, p=0.00), and bath thermometer usage (82% (IG) vs. 17% and 8,% p=0.00), Differences were not found between group on home water temperatures. Significance Implementing this intervention is a promising way to reduce the risk of scald burns to infants primarily through increased knowledge and self reported testing behaviours of bath water. Future work needs to focus on barriers to changing the hot water temperature at the water heater, given that 51% of participants in our group had unsafe water temperatures at follow-up.
Autonomy, Well-Being, and the Value of Genetic Testing for Adopted Persons.

This paper argues that the value of genetic-relative family health history (GRFHx) information and the notion that lack of this information is a disadvantage can be established through its role as a nested goal in comprehensive life projects independent of documentation of particular health outcomes. Health information often plays a significant role in a person's formulation of life goals and projects, as well as in identification of plausible effective means to realize these goals. If health outcomes are valuable in part because of the nested role these play in the successful realization of a person's life projects and goals, then other, similarly nested contributors to such success must also be valued on a similar scale. Some of these other contributors to a successful life may themselves be nested with health considerations, as illustrated in the relationship that will be the focus of this paper. Health information --independent of outcomes per se – influences relationships, reproduction, and the formulation of plausible comprehensive life goals in intricate and very influential ways. Although such information may be valued in part because it is predictive of health outcomes, this relationship does not reduce such information, nor the comprehensive life goals and projects such information promotes, to health outcomes. That is, while health status can both enhance and detract from the autonomous (successful) pursuit of life projects formulated in the context of health information, the value and weight of these projects is independent of particular health status or outcomes, even while in part shaped by them.
Incretins: Beyond type 2 diabetes

While the use of incretins, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and PDD-IV inhibitors, is well established in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, many other aspects of these agents are yet to be discovered and utilized for their potential clinical benefit. These include the potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the induction of weight loss, blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammatory and nephro- and cardio-protective actions. Their potential benefit in type 1 diabetes is also being investigated. This review will attempt to comprehensively describe novel discoveries in the field of incretin pathophysiology and pharmacology beyond their classical role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Parental Disclosure of ASD Diagnosis to the Child: A Systematic Review

Despite increased rates of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in recent years, literature examining when and how parents of newly diagnosed youth disclose their diagnosis to them is scarce...
Companion Pieces Written Through a Drift

Within the framework of the book, Chapter 12 presents an experiment with ethnographic writing and nonrepresentational theory. The authors take the reader on a journey where affective relations to places and objects are central, and singular objects or scenes are evoked. They creatively recompose brief moments of worlding and test the limits set by academic tradition and scholarly expectation.
Altered Behavior in Mice Socially Isolated During Adolescence Corresponds With Immature Dendritic Spine Morphology and Impaired Plasticity in the Prefrontal Cortex

Mice socially isolated during adolescence exhibit behaviors of anxiety, depression and impaired social interaction. Although these behaviors are well documented, very little is known about the associated neurobiological changes that accompany these behaviors. It has been hypothesized that social isolation during adolescence alters the development of the prefrontal cortex, based on similar behavioral abnormalities observed in isolated mice and those with disruption of this structure. To establish relationships between behavior and underlying neurobiological changes in the prefrontal cortex, Thy-1-GFP mice were isolated from weaning until adulthood and compared to group-housed littermates regarding behavior, electrophysiological activity and dendritic morphology. Results indicate an immaturity of dendritic spines in single housed animals, with dendritic spines appearing smaller and thinner. Single housed mice additionally show impaired plasticity through measures of long-term potentiation. Together these findings suggest an altered development and impairment of the prefrontal cortex of these animals underlying their behavioral characteristics.
Protein Phosphorylation, K+ Conductances, and Associative Learning in Hermissenda

Research in our laboratory is directed toward investigations of the biochemical and biophysical processes that underlie associative learning in the nudibranch mollusc, Hermissenda crassicornis. Our studies to date suggest that two of these processes are protein phosphorylation and K+ conductance(s) (Neary et al., 1981; Alkon et al., 1982a), and recently we have been investigating the possible relationships between K+ conductances and protein phosphorylation. A number of studies in a variety of preparations have shown that several types of K+ conductances can be altered by intracellular injection of protein kinases, enzymes that catalyze protein phosphorylation, and by a protein inhibitor of phosphorylation (Castellucci et al., 1980; Kaczmarek et al., 1980; Levitan and Adams, 1981; DePeyer et al., 1982; Adams and Levitan, 1982; Strumwasser et al., 1982; Castellucci et al., 1982; Alkon et al., 1983a; Acosta-Urquidi et al., 1984a,b). In addition, agents that block K+ conductance can also affect protein phosphorylation (Neary and Alkon, 1983). Some of the questions that arise from these studies include: (1) what proteins are phosphorylated by the injected kinases? (2) are the modified phosphoproteins part of functional K+ channels? (3) what are the biochemical mechanisms that are involved in the modification of K+ channels by protein phosphorylation and channel blockers, i.e., activation and/or inhibition of protein kinases, phosphatases, and regulatory proteins? and (4) are the phosphoproteins that are altered following associative learning identical to those that are phosphorylated by the injected protein kinases?
Cell overcharge testing inside sodium metal halide battery

Abstract Testing was conducted to measure electrical performance and safety of the General Electric Durathon™ E620 battery module (600 V class 20 kWh) during cell overcharge. Data gathered from this test was consistent with SAE Electric Vehicle Battery Abuse Testing specification J2464 [1] . After cell overcharge failure and 24 A current flow for additional 60 minutes, battery was then discharged at 7.5 KW average power to 12% state of charge (SOC) and recharged back to 100% SOC. This overcharging test was performed on two cells. No hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas was detected during front cell (B1) test, and small amount (6.2 ppm peak) was measured outside the battery after center cell (F13) overcharge. An additional overcharge test was performed per UL Standard 1973 – Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications and Stationary Applications [2] . With the battery at 11% SOC and 280 °C float temperature, an individual cell near the front (D1) was deliberately imbalanced by charging it to 62% SOC. The battery was then recharged to 100% SOC. In all three tests, the battery cell pack was stable and individual cell failure did not propagate to other cells. Battery discharge performance, charge performance, and electrical isolation were normal after all three tests.
Adverse Health Outcomes Among Industrial and Occupational Sectors in Michigan.

Introduction We used data from the Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (MIBRFSS) to estimate the prevalence of adverse health outcomes by industry and occupation and to examine the association of adverse health outcomes with industry and occupation while controlling for demographics and personal lifestyle behaviors. Methods We calculated the prevalence of adverse health outcomes by industry by using data from the 2013-2015 MIBRFSS. Adjusted prevalence of adverse health outcomes was calculated by industry and occupation by using logistic regression for survey design, adjusting for demographics and health behaviors, and was compared with the overall prevalence in all industries and occupations. Results Three industries had a significantly higher prevalence of current asthma, diabetes, and depression compared with prevalence among workers employed in all industries. After controlling for confounding factors, only Health Care and Social Assistance had significantly higher prevalence of a health outcome, depression (20.1%). Three occupations had significantly higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current asthma, depression, high blood pressure, and diabetes compared with workers employed in all occupations. After adjusting for all confounding factors, only one occupation, protective service, had a significantly higher prevalence of high blood pressure (37.3%) and diabetes (12.8%). Conclusion Adverse health outcomes varied significantly by industry and occupation in Michigan. Employers, policy makers, and health promotion practitioners can use results based on BRFSS to target and prioritize worksite wellness programs. MIBRFSS data also suggested the need for further research to identify why some industries had higher risks for diabetes, hypertension, and depression after controlling for covariates.
Africanist Aesthetics, Jazz Dance, and Notation Walk into a Barre

This article focuses on the development of a theoretical framework for jazz dance in which researchers hypothesized how motif notation concepts from Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) and Language of Da...
Sensitivity of Fine-Needle Aspiration and Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of Low-Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland.

Objective:To determine the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and imaging modalities for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the parotid gland.Methods:Retrospective chart r...
The Impact of Minimum Wage Hikes on Employment and Wages in Cambodia

Using an event-study framework, this paper examines the impact of four minimum wage hikes between 2008 and 2015 on the Cambodian labor market. The analysis finds that, except for immediate adjustments around the time of the hikes, the minimum wage hikes did not affect participation rates in the affected sector -- garments and footwear -- or the unaffected sectors. However, the minimum wage hikes increased wages modestly (3 percent) for workers in the affected sectors and modestly decreased wages (1.5 percent) for workers in the unaffected sectors. The gains for the affected sectors are slightly larger at higher quantiles than at lower quantiles. This is suggestive of a change in compensation structure within the affected firms as a result of the hikes.
Catalytic enantioselective Friedländer condensations: facile access to quinolines with remote stereogenic centers.

Enamine catalysis enables the first catalytic enantioselective Friedlander reaction. The desymmetrization of 4-substituted cyclohexanones upon reaction with o-aminobenzaldehydes allows for the synthesis of quinolines with remote stereogenic centers. These heterocycles, which are obtained with high levels of enantioselectivity, serve as precursors for chiral tacrine analogues.
Abstract 5094: SCOPE: A normalization and copy number estimation method for single-cell DNA sequencing

Whole genome single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) enables characterization of copy number profiles at the cellular level. This circumvents the averaging effects associated with bulk-tissue sequencing and has increased resolution yet decreased ambiguity in deconvolving cancer subclones and elucidating cancer evolutionary history. ScDNA-seq data is, however, sparse, noisy, and highly variable even within a homogeneous cell population, due to the biases and artifacts that are introduced during the library preparation and sequencing procedure. Here, we propose SCOPE, a normalization and copy number estimation method for scDNA-seq data. The distinguishing features of SCOPE include: (i) utilization of cell-specific Gini coefficients for quality controls and for identification of normal/diploid cells, which are further used as negative control samples in a Poisson latent factor model for normalization; (ii) modeling of GC content bias using an expectation-maximization algorithm embedded in the Poisson generalized linear models, which accounts for the different copy number states along the genome; (iii) a cross-sample iterative segmentation procedure to identify breakpoints that are shared across cells from the same genetic background. We evaluate performance of SCOPE on real scDNA-seq data sets from cancer genomic studies. Compared to existing methods, SCOPE more accurately estimates subclonal copy number aberrations and is shown to have higher correlation with array-based copy number profiles of purified bulk samples from the same patient. We further demonstrate SCOPE on three recently released data sets using the 10X Genomics single-cell CNV pipeline and show that it can reliably recover 1% of the cancer cells from a background of normal and recover the cancer subclonal compositions of 10,000 breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Rujin Wang, Danyu Lin, Yuchao Jiang. SCOPE: A normalization and copy number estimation method for single-cell DNA sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5094.
Spatial and temporal turnover of soil microbial communities is not linked to function in a primary tropical forest

The spatial and temporal linkages between turnover of soil microbial communities and their associated functions remain largely unexplored in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet defining these relationships and how they vary across ecosystems and microbial lineages is key to incorporating microbial communities into ecological forecasts and ecosystem models. To define linkages between turnover of soil bacterial and fungal communities and their function we sampled fungal and bacterial composition, abundance, and enzyme activities across a 3-ha area of wet tropical primary forest over 2 yr. We show that fungal and bacterial communities both exhibited temporal turnover, but turnover of both groups was much lower than in temperate ecosystems. Turnover over time was driven by gain and loss of microbial taxa and not changes in abundance of individual species present in multiple samples. Only fungi varied over space with idiosyncratic variation that did not increase linearly with distance among sampling locations. Only phosphorus-acquiring enzyme activities were linked to shifts in septate, decomposer fungal abundance; no enzymes were affected by composition or diversity of fungi or bacteria. Although temporal and spatial variation in composition was appreciable, because turnover of microbial communities did not alter the functional repertoire of decomposing enzymes, functional redundancy among taxa may be high in this ecosystem. Slow temporal turnover of tropical soil microbial communities and large functional redundancy suggests that shifts in abundance of particular functional groups may capture ecosystem function more accurately than composition in these heterogeneous ecosystems.
Abortion for fetal indications: Timing of prenatal diagnosis and abortion for structural and genetic abnormalities

Abstract Objective To compare diagnoses in patients undergoing abortion for fetal indications at 15–0/7 to 21–6/7 vs. ≥22–0/7 weeks’ gestation. Study design This retrospective cohort study included women undergoing abortion at ≥15–0/7 weeks’ gestation for fetal indications from 2012 to 2018 at our institution. We compared indications (genetic vs. structural only) between groups by gestational age (15–0/7 to 21–6/7 vs. ≥22–0/7 weeks). We performed statistical analysis using Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The 158 women identified included 97 (61.4%) at 15–0/7 to 21–6/7 and 61 (38.6%) at ≥22–0/7 weeks’ gestation. Women at an earlier gestational age more commonly had an initial diagnosis of a genetic disorder (41 [42.3%)] vs.10 [16.4%], respectively, p Conclusion Abortions for genetic indications are performed earlier in gestation compared to those performed for structural abnormalities. Timing of fetal anatomy ultrasound examination correlated with gestational age at abortion for structural abnormalities. Implications Many states impose gestational-age based abortion bans, with 20-weeks post-fertilization the most common. However, we may not identify fetal abnormalities until close to 22 weeks gestation (20-weeks post-fertilization). Optimizing timing of prenatal diagnosis might mitigate the impact of gestational-age based abortion bans.
Gender differences in social studies skills: A Texas, multiyear study

In this investigation, the degree to which boys and girls differed in their social studies skills in Texas was addressed. Data were obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for all Texas high school students for the 2004-2005 to the 2011-2012 school years. Inferential statistical analyses revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in social studies skills between boys and girls. Girls had statistically lower average raw scores in all five social studies skills objectives than boys. Implications for policy and for practice were made, along with recommendations for future research.
San Diego de Pamatácuaro: A Mountain Shrine in Colonial Mexico

This chapter examines the apparent contradiction surrounding a shrine in a small mountain town in western Mexico after Spanish contact. The residents of a wholly and monolingually indigenous town, Pamatacuaro, erected a shrine to their town’s patron saint, San Diego. The shrine was at least in part a propitiation for succor in the face of epidemic disease and colonial predation. Yet it had no formal approval from the diocese and the town never had a resident priest. The shrine, then, took on a life of its own—a place where indigenous people claiming Catholicism as their official religion sought the favor of a Catholic saint even as the lived religion of the region was a synthesis of Spanish Catholicism and Purepecha animism. As such the shrine occupied an intermediate space in a network of cultural, political and spiritual exchange and transit.
Towards 3D human pose construction using wifi

This paper presents WiPose, the first 3D human pose construction framework using commercial WiFi devices. From the pervasive WiFi signals, WiPose can reconstruct 3D skeletons composed of the joints on both limbs and torso of the human body. By overcoming the technical challenges faced by traditional camera-based human perception solutions, such as lighting and occlusion, the proposed WiFi human sensing technique demonstrates the potential to enable a new generation of applications such as health care, assisted living, gaming, and virtual reality. WiPose is based on a novel deep learning model that addresses a series of technical challenges. First, WiPose can encode the prior knowledge of human skeleton into the posture construction process to ensure the estimated joints satisfy the skeletal structure of the human body. Second, to achieve cross environment generalization, WiPose takes as input a 3D velocity profile which can capture the movements of the whole 3D space, and thus separate posture-specific features from the static objects in the ambient environment. Finally, WiPose employs a recurrent neural network (RNN) and a smooth loss to enforce smooth movements of the generated skeletons. Our evaluation results on a real-world WiFi sensing testbed with distributed antennas show that WiPose can localize each joint on the human skeleton with an average error of 2.83cm, achieving a 35% improvement in accuracy over the state-of-the-art posture construction model designed for dedicated radar sensors.
11 – The Setting

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses setting of earth and utilization of various resources available on earth. Early man needed weapons and tools to enable him to hunt effectively. He used those materials that were easily available and most effective for his purpose. By trial and error his understanding of the materials about him grew; he became more selective and learned to shape and sharpen. If the best flints for axe making were available only in a particular area, he would travel many miles to obtain them. The same process has continued to this day. Man ranges over the earth's surface hunting for the materials he needs. Once located, a source of material with desirable properties is quickly exploited and may become depleted in short order. Of all the resources, one which has suffered the greatest neglect is human resources. It has been the least developed and, in the positive sense, the least exploited. There is little doubt that the highest goals of society will only be reached when the full potential of its human resources are realized.
Masculinity, Migration, and Forced Conscription in the Syrian War

In this essay, I provide a different perspective on the Syrian conflict by examining how the war’s reach can also be located amid the losses, interruptions, and experiences of those Syrians who have until now largely escaped its incredible violence. By looking closely at how the war has altered the life trajectories of and produced distinct modes of vulnerability for military-age men, I develop an argument about how, although they avoid fighting by going to work in Qatar, the lives of a group of Syrian men remain defined by conscription. Through my investigation of how these men are located in a landscape of conscription that extends beyond the borders of Syria, I build on anthropological knowledge of how masculinity is shaped by and through contexts of political destabilization. I demonstrate how, in fulfilling their end of the patriarchal bargain through political obedience and economic production, these men lose a particular stage of manhood and the aspirations, projects, and affective promises it holds. ملخص في هذا المقال, أنا أقدم وجهة نظر مختلفة حول الصراع السوري من خلال دارسة واقع الحرب وسط الخسائر, و الانقطاع, و تجارب السورين الذين نجو من العنف, من خلال النظر عن كثب في كيفية الحرب التي غيرت مسارات الحياة التي انتجت انمطاطا مختلفة من الظعف بل النسبة للعسكرين. أنا اطور نقاش حول هولاء الشباب الذين تجنوبو القتال في سوريا من خلال الذهاب الى قطر. حياة هؤلاء الرجال الذين من خلال تحقيقي في مشهد التجنيد الاجباري الذي يمتد الى ماوراء حدود سوريا الى حياتهم كعمال في قطر. أنا أعتمدت على المعرافة الانثروبولوجية حول كيفية تشكيل الرجولة من خلال زعزعة الاستقرار السياسي. أنا أشرح كيف الوفاء من ناحيتهم يتمركز من خلال الطاعة السياسية و الانتاج الاقتصادي. أما الرجولة بشكل خاص تبقى تطلعاتها و مشاريعها و وعودها العاطفية بعيدة الانظار في ظل استمرار الازمة السورية
Food web complexity weakens size-based constraints on the pyramids of life.

Marine ecosystems are generally expected to have bottom-heavy trophic structure (more plants than animals) due to size-based constraints arising from increased metabolic requirements and inefficien...
Assessing the Effects of COVID-19 in Prisons in the Northern Triangle of Central America

This article examines the impact of COVID-19 on penitentiary systems in the Central American countries of Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala (the Northern Triangle). Despite similar conditions in...
Abstract 12928: Vascular Complications in Covid-19 and Role of Zinc in Viral Inhibition

Although COVID-19 is associated with severe respiratory dysfunctions, conspicuous vascular complications and neurological manifestations have been reported worldwide. Of note, two distinctive featu...
The Nova Rate in M94 (NGC 4736)

A multi-epoch Hα survey of the early-type spiral galaxy M94 (NGC 4736) has been completed as part of a program to establish the galaxy's nova rate. A total of four nova candidates were discovered in seven epochs of observation during the period from 2005 to 2007. After making corrections for temporal coverage and spatial completeness, a global nova rate of 5.0+1.8 –1.4 yr–1 was determined. This rate corresponds to a specific-luminosity nova rate of 1.4 ± 0.5 novae per year per 1010 L ☉,K when the K luminosity is determined from the B – K color, or 1.5 ± 0.4 novae per year per 1010 L ☉,K when the K luminosity is derived from the Two Micron All Sky Survey. These values are slightly lower than that of other galaxies with measured nova rates, which typically lie in the range of 2-3 novae per year per 1010 L ☉ in the K band.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of Avian orthoavulavirus 16 , Isolated from Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus) Feces, Alaska, USA.

We sequenced the coding-complete genome of an avian orthoavulavirus serotype 16 (AOAV-16) isolate recovered from emperor goose (Anser canagicus) feces collected in Alaska. The detection of AOAV-16 in North America and genomic sequencing of the resultant isolate confirms that the geographic distribution of this virus extends beyond Asia.
Nutrition’s dark matter of polyphenols and health

Food contains thousands of different trace natural compounds, many of which remain largely unmeasured and undocumented. The network medicine approach sheds new light on how polyphenols, among the most important of these trace compounds, impact human health.
Parental reward-based eating drive predicts parents' feeding behaviors and Children's ultra-processed food intake

Reward-based eating drive is associated with individual consumption, but there has been a paucity of research on the relationships between parental reward-based eating, child feeding behaviors, and child food consumption. Child feeding behaviors likely to be associated with parental reward-based eating drive include the provision of ultra-processed foods, as they are designed to be hyperpalatable and are associated with disordered food intake. The present study uses a virtual reality (VR) buffet restaurant environment to examine parents' food choice behaviors for their children and a food frequency assessment to measure the children's reported consumption over the course of a week. Results found that parental reward-based eating drive significantly predicted ultra-processed calories chosen by parents for their children in the VR Buffet, as well as the amount of ultra-processed food children ate according to the food frequency assessment. Both of these effects were significantly mediated by the healthfulness of the home food environment. This study is among the first to demonstrate associations between parental reward-based eating drive and child-focused food behavior and to elucidate a mediating effect of the home food environment on such relationships. These findings may be useful for the development of family-based interventions to improve child feeding and ultimately child health.
Development of a Youth Civic Engagement Program: Process and Pilot Testing with a Youth-Partnered Research Team

Although research suggests neighborhood-level factors influence youth well-being, few studies include youth when creating interventions to address these factors. We describe our three-step process of collaborating with youth in low-income communities to develop an intervention focused on civic engagement as a means to address neighborhood-level problems impacting their well-being. In the first step, we analyzed qualitative interviews from a project in which youth shared perceptions about their neighborhoods (e.g., interpersonal relations with neighbors and institutions). Three major themes were identified: pride in youth's communities, desire for change, and perceptions of power and responsibility. Based on these themes, we completed the second step: developing a civic engagement and leadership program, called LEAP, aimed at helping youth take an active role in addressing neighborhood problems. In the third step, we collaborated with youth who completed a pilot version of the civic program and provided feedback to finalize it for large-scale testing. While discussing our process, we highlight the importance of including youth voices when developing programs that affect them. Furthermore, we note the need for more research exploring whether civic engagement serves as a mechanism for encouraging youth involvement in addressing neighborhood-level health disparities and identifying potential psychological costs of such involvement.
Socialization of lifestyle and conventional politics among early and late adolescents

Abstract This study uses national survey data from 1231 parent-children dyads to examine the socialization of political participation among adolescents (ages 12–17). In particular, we expand on existing models of political socialization to account for the incorporation of lifestyle practices into the political repertoires of today’s youth. We found in comparison to future voting intention, which is rooted largely in background characteristics and the direct influence of socialization agents, political consumerism is fostered more indirectly through communication practices. Moreover, we found some meaningful age differences in the associations among key variables in the model. In particular, we observed a shift from a greater emphasis of socialization agents among younger adolescents to a greater emphasis of communication practices, particularly online communication, among older adolescents. We argue, for older adolescents especially, the controllability afforded by interactive digital media plays a critical role in the cultivation of political behaviors that address individual lifestyle concerns.
Medicare’s Decision to Withhold Payment for Hospital Errors: The Devil Is in the Details

Article-at-a-Glance Background Medicare recently announced its intention to withhold additional payments for "serious preventable events." The Intervention Beginning in 2009, Medicare will withhold its usual additional payments associated with hospitalizations that included one of several potentially preventable adverse events, such as certain hospital-acquired infections, pressure ulcers, and retained surgical objects. Several more events are being considered for the future. A new coding category, "present on admission" (POA), has been added to identify patients whose adverse events occurred before the index hospitalization. Issues and Challenges A "not paying for errors" policy seems reasonable if evidence demonstrates that most of the adverse events can be prevented by widespread adoption of achievable practices, the events can be measured accurately, the events resulted in clinically significant patient harm, and POA determination is feasible. Many of these criteria are met for the events in Medicare's starter set; but there are concerns about each event. Conclusions Although the new Medicare policy will undoubtedly lead to instances of unfairness, gaming, and unforeseen consequences, it may be effective. This initial implementation should be considered a bold experiment, whose consequences are carefully monitored. Additional research will be needed to help identify preventable adverse events and evidence-based strategies to prevent them.