cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulating Sex Work: Erotic Assimilationism, Erotic Exceptionalism, and the Challenge of Intimate Labor

Most commentators on sex markets focus on the debate between abolitionists and those who defend and support professional sex work. This Article, instead, looks at debates within the pro-sex-work camp, uncovering some unattended tensions and contradictions. Some within this camp stress the labor aspect, urging that sex markets perpetuate a “vulnerable population” of workers and should be regulated like other forms of risky and/or exploited labor. In this view, sex work would be assimilated into existing labor regulatory frameworks. Others, though, take a more antiregulatory stance. They exceptionalize this form of labor, arguing that because it is sexual it should be exempt from state scrutiny and interference, claims that can quickly sound libertarian. While both camps agree that professional sex work should be decriminalized, when turning from the criminal to the regulatory perspective, erotic assimilationists and erotic exceptionalists could not be more opposed. The Article contends that neither of these views is satisfactory. Sex work could very well be legalized and regulated—if we have the political and
Assessing Older Patients’ Risk Factors of Being Financially Exploited

Due to a variety of conditions, especially mild cognitive impairment and dementia, many older people are defrauded of money they need to pay for routine living expenses and for out-of-pocket health care costs. Since most older persons do not have the time to recoup their losses, they must often make the difficult choice of foregoing expenses for needed health care. Not receiving those health services and perhaps eating less nutritious food can hasten a downward spiral, exacerbating often frail conditions that clinicians must manage. In this updated chapter, the authors present an overview of the extant medical literature on risk factors associated with increasing an elder’s vulnerability to being financially exploited. They also describe a national continuing medical education program to raise clinicians’ awareness of the issue and what health care professionals can do to help prevent the adverse consequences of the loss of their patients’ wherewithal to have a good old age. New information is included on the role mental health professionals can play in helping protect their older patients from financial harm, as well as how financial services professionals can work in concert with their older clients’ health care providers to ensure whealthcare.
566-P: Is a Zoom, Family-Based Intervention Feasible during a Pandemic?

Background: Access to psychosocial services is limited, especially during a pandemic. A Zoom-delivered family-based intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes has the potential to enhance access to psychosocial services. Methods: Nine families enrolled in a pilot of a 6-session online (Zoom) intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected via online focus groups and surveys. Results: Teens’ ages ranged from 12-17 years (M=14.9, SD=1.76) and most self-identified as male (78%). All parents self-identified as female and most families self-identified as non-Hispanic white (78%). Qualitative results revealed that participants found the program to be generally helpful and would recommend the program to others. Perceived benefits included increased parental empathy toward teens, enhanced parental involvement in teens’ diabetes management, and decreased parent-teen conflict. Participants conveyed that these benefits were particularly impactful given increased family contact and tensions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Identified areas for improvement included adding follow-up group sessions with parents to maintain program impact on parenting over time and to target teens in early adolescence, when family dynamics are more malleable. Quantitative results from paired t-tests of pre-post comparisons revealed no significant differences in teen or parental diabetes distress or depression (all p>0.05), but should be interpreted with caution due to small sample size. Conclusions: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents responded positively to this program and found it particularly relevant during the current pandemic. Zoom delivery of these programs may be instrumental in their feasibility, acceptability, and ultimately dissemination in the future. Disclosure J. J. Wong: None. M. S. Lanning: None. J. Ngo: None. C. A. Wu: None. S. Hanes: None. H. M. Linzmeyer: None. D. Naranjo: None. K. K. Hood: Consultant; Self; Cecelia Health, Cercacor, LifeScan Diabetes Institute. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1K23DK121771-01A1)
Optimal Electricity Distribution Pricing Under Risk and High Photovoltaics Penetration

We model a hierarchical Stackelberg game in a competitive power market under high behind-the-meter photovoltaics penetration and demand-side uncertainty, with emphasis on the feedback loop between distributed generation via photovoltaics and power prices. The Stackelberg leader, who is the government regulator, attempts to define a set of network tariffs that results in maximal overall system net benefits with respect to consumer utility, cost recovery and renewable energy promotion. The Stackelberg followers, who are rational consumers of electricity, choose their individual photovoltaics investments in order to maximize their personal utilities. With the consumers’ demand evolution described by a discretized Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, we find a closed-form approximation to the consumer’s utility, and the existence of a game equilibrium between all the consumers and the regulator. Numerical results are calibrated to PJM power market data, and illustrate the market participants’ coupled decisions. Our results suggest that consumers tend to rely more on photovoltaics when the market demand is more volatile, with potential risks of the utility death spiral where the high electricity retail price resulting from increased distributed generation incentivizes further photovoltaics investment.
Plato's Anti-hedonism and the Protagoras

Introduction 1. Against hedonist interpretations of the Protagoras 2. Courage, madness, and spirit at 349d-51b 3. Drama and dialectic in Plato's Protagoras 4. Drama and dialectic in Plato's Gorgias, revisited 5. Shame, internalization, and the many 6. Hedonism, hedonic error, and ethical error 7. Hedonist misconceptions of virtue 8. Popular hostility to Sophists and philosophers.
Wideband underwater acoustic CDMA: adaptive multichannel receiver design

Two receivers that utilize multichannel (array) processing of asynchronous wideband direct-sequence CDMA signals are proposed: the symbol decision feedback (SDF) receiver and the chip hypothesis feedback (CHF) receiver. In the SDF configuration, receiver parameters are adapted at the symbol rate. This limits its applicability to the channels whose time variation is slow compared to the symbol rate, which may not be the case in a mobile underwater acoustic system. In the CHF configuration, the receiver parameters are adapted at the chip rate, and decision-feedback equalization is accomplished at chip resolution. At the price of increased computational complexity (linearly proportional to the modulation level) this receiver provides improved performance for systems where time variation cannot be neglected with respect to the symbol rate. Performance of the two receivers was demonstrated in a four-user scenario, using experimental data obtained over a 2 km shallow water channel. At the chip rate of 19.2 kilochips per second with QPSK modulation, excellent results were achieved at an aggregate data rate of up to 10 kbps
Analysis of capacity-rate data for lithium batteries using simplified models of the discharge process

Simplified models based on porous electrode theory are used to describe the discharge of rechargeable lithium batteries and derive analytic expressions for the specific capacity against discharge rate in terms of the relevant system parameters. The resulting theoretical expressions are useful for design and optimization purposes and can also be used as a tool for the identification of system limitations from experimental data. Three major cases are considered that are expected to hold for different classes of systems being developed in the lithium battery industry. The first example is a cell with solution phase diffusion limitations for the two extreme cases of a uniform and a completely nonuniform reaction rate distribution in the porous electrode. Next, a discharge dominated by solid phase diffusion limitations inside the insertion electrode particles is analysed. Last, we consider an ohmically-limited cell with no concentration gradients and having an insertion reaction whose open-circuit potential depends linearly on state of charge. The results are applied to a cell of the form Li|solid polymer electrolyte|LiyMn2O4 in order to illustrate their utility.
FSRG an extented version of fixed sequencer ring topology protocol for grid environments

Complex Systems are more and more vulnerable to failures on account of their growing complexity and distribution. This problem motivates the need for a fault tolerance mechanism in such systems. Hence, we focus on distributed algorithmic review that make the task of failure detection and repair much easier.
Glucocorticoid regulation of metallothionein-i mrna synthesis in cultured mouse cells.

Eight mouse cell lines were tested for their ability to accumulate metallothionein-I mRNA in response to dexamethasone or cadmium; 5 respond to both inducers, 1 responds to cadmium only, and 2 lymphoid lines respond to neither inducer. The glucocorticoid response was analyzed further using the sarcoma cell line (S180). Metallothionein-I mRNA synthesis increases 5-fold within 1 h of dexamethasone addition and closely parallels the accumulation of nuclear glucocorticoid receptors. Both metallothionein-I mRNA levels and metallothionein synthesis increase coordinately in response to dexamethasone and reach a new steady state by 8 h that is 10-fold higher than control values. Induction of metallothionein-I mRNA appears to be independent of dexamethasone effects on zinc uptake and does not require concomitant protein synthesis.
AMANDA: Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array

Enormous detectors with unprecedented sensitivity will be required to search for astrophysical sources of neutrinos. If the transparency of deep polar ice is similar to that measured in the laboratory, then AMANDA (Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array) may be the most cost-effective way to reach the detector volumes required to search for astrophysical sources of high energy neutrinos or WIMP annihilation within the sun.
Creativity as cognitive selection: The blind-variation and selective-retention model

Campbell (1960) proposed a “blind-variation and selective retention” model of creative cognition. Subsequent researchers have developed this BVSR model into a comprehensive theory of human creativity, one that recognizes that human creativity operates by more than one cognitive process. The question is then raised of how the BVSR model can be accommodated within the Hull et al. selectionist system.
Development and plasticity of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction

The Drosophila larval neuromuscular system is relatively simple, containing only 32 motor neurons in each abdominal hemisegment, and its neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) have been studied extensively. NMJ synapses exhibit developmental and functional plasticity while displaying stereotyped connectivity. Drosophila Type I NMJ synapses are glutamatergic, while the vertebrate NMJ uses acetylcholine as its primary neurotransmitter. The larval NMJ synapses use ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) that are homologous to AMPA-type GluRs in the mammalian brain, and they have postsynaptic scaffolds that resemble those found in mammalian postsynaptic densities. These features make the Drosophila neuromuscular system an excellent genetic model for the study of excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system. The first section of the review presents an overview of NMJ development. The second section describes genes that regulate NMJ development, including: (1) genes that positively and negatively regulate growth of the NMJ, (2) genes required for maintenance of NMJ bouton structure, (3) genes that modulate neuronal activity and alter NMJ growth, (4) genes involved in transsynaptic signaling at the NMJ. The third section describes genes that regulate acute plasticity, focusing on translational regulatory mechanisms. As this review is intended for a developmental biology audience, it does not cover NMJ electrophysiology in detail, and does not review genes for which mutations produce only electrophysiological but no structural phenotypes.
On measuring scientific influence

Bibliometric measures based on citations are widely used in assessing the scientific publication records of authors, institutions and journals. Yet currently favored measures lack a clear conceptual foundation and are known to have counter-intuitive properties. The authors propose a new approach that is grounded on a theoretical "influence function," representing explicit prior beliefs about how citations reflect influence. They provide conditions for robust qualitative comparisons of influence -- conditions that can be implemented using readily-available data. An example is provided using the economics publication records of selected universities and the World Bank.
Silicon detectors aboard surveyor V

Conventional and Li-drifted Si charged particle detectors for alpha scattering experiment aboard Surveyor 5 noting operating characteristics, performance and electrical stability
Treatment of refractory ovarian cancer with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin in women with platinum-resistant recurrent or advanced ovarian cancer. A retrospective study was conducted of consecutive patients treated with weekly intravenous 5-FU and leucovorin, both at 500 mg/m 2 . Sixty-one cycles were administered to 28 women between 1989 and 1995. The median age of the patients was 58 years and median number of previous chemotherapy regimens was 2. No patient had a complete response. There was 1 partial response (PR) among 8 patients with measurable disease, and 4 PR among 20 women with evaluable disease; 2 had stable disease and 21 progressed on treatment for a response rate of 18% (95% confidence interval, 3–33%). Duration of response was 2 to 14 months, median 5 months. Survival from the start of 5-FU/leucovorin ranged from 1 to 78 months, median 5.5 months, and a mean of 10 ± 15 months (mean ± SD). The combination of 5-FU/leucovorin had minimal activity in this patient population. Only 2 women achieved resolution of their ascites and experienced a significant palliation.
Retrospectroscope: the single breath test of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.

In this paper I briefly review the significance of the single breath test of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). I then attempt to answer the question of why this simple test has not become widely used in the past twenty years. The reasons are primarily due to failure in communication between research workers and practicing physicians. The practicing clinicians have difficulty with mathematical analyses and do not appreciate the limits for which the test is valid. Under steady-state conditions DLCO measures the transfer factor for the whole lungs, i.e. the volume of CO taken up by pulmonary capillary blood from alveolar gas when the alveolar CO pressure is one. It is independent of regional inhomogeneities. DL is the product of Krogh's K and alveolar volume. Krogh's K tends to become constant near total lung capacity while DL does not. For this reason K will probably vary less than DL and should always be reported when doing this test. In terms of the simple lung model with a single homogeneous alveolar compartment K is equal to DL per unit alveolar volume. I expect the measurement of K and DLCO by the modified Krogh single breath test to become a screening test for lung disease in its early stages.
Orientalism as Irony in Gerard de Nerval's Voyage en Orient

(2000). Orientalism as Irony in Gerard de Nerval's Voyage en Orient. The Journal of North African Studies: Vol. 5, The Walled Arab City in Literature, Architecture and History: The Living Medina in the Maghrib, pp. 10-24.
Adoption and Identity: Influence on Emerging Adults’ Occupational and Parental Goals

Little is known about connections between adoption and two important emerging adult tasks: occupation and parenting plans. Ten female emerging adults were interviewed about their adoption, occupational, and future parent-role identities. Themes linking adoption to occupation were (1) desire to “give back” and (2) quest for knowledge. Themes connecting adoption to future parent-roles included (1) desire to experience what her mother missed, (2) importance of genetics, (3) history will not repeat, and (4) thoughts on adopting her own child. Future research should continue to investigate adoption's impact on identity, as this exploratory study used a limited nonprobability sample.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Codeine Using Tooth Pulp Evoked Potentials

Pain assessment in human volunteers is difficult, and it often requires a large number of subjects to show analgesic efficacy with statistical significance. Electrical tooth pulp stimulation elicits a painful sensation and produces an electroencephalographic (EEG) signal that can be recorded from the scalp when precisely controlled dental stimuli are delivered. These somatosensory evoked potentials (EP) consist of a series of peaks or waves each characterized by their polarity, latency, and amplitude. They are obtained by processing the EEG signals that occur after tooth pulp stimulation. There is good correlation between subjective pain reports and evoked potential amplitudes (N150-P250 component). Thus, EP may provide a useful model for the assessment of analgesic activity in human volunteers. We describe an improved method for producing and recording tooth pulp evoked potentials in six healthy subjects. Only 16 EEG epochs were necessary to get a reproducible EP response from the participants. The approach was applied to study the efficacy of codeine (60 mg administered orally); a decrease in the evoked potential amplitudes after codeine administration was observed. The data were consistent with results from visual analog pain ratings given by the subjects.
Beyond the binary case in random nets

Experiments on random binary, ternary, etc. (P=2, 3,…, 10) switching nets are reported. Behavioral cycle lengths are examined as functions of output variety,P, input connectance,K, and net size,N. Overall, output variety appears an influential, well-behaved net property. Strong, but well-behaved interactions appear among net variables. In high connectance nets, median cycle length grows approx. asPN/2. Other factors constant, one-connected nets show the shortest cycles, and connectance effects appear to converge asymptotically aroundN. Data for cycle length as a function of net size suggest a concavity not compatible with the Kauffman “square root law” (Kauffman, 1969). Evidence of a positive relationship between cycle length and run-in length is found in two-input nets; weaker evidence is obtained that in higher connectance nets this relationship becomes negative in sign. The “modular complexity” ofP>2 nets is examined briefly.
A simulation of the reaction bonding of Si3N4 to generate porous microstructures

A stochastic numerical technique is presented that has been used to study the formation of reaction-bonded porous silicon nitride (RBSN). Like many reaction-bonded materials, RBSN is a structural ceramic that has a naturally occurring porosity of approximately 25% resulting from the unique kinetics of formation. Since such porosity is usually unavoidable, it is of interest to discover its relevant measures, such as the size distribution and degree of homogeneity of pores, and the factors that govern the formation of these pores, in order to understand and optimize the crack propagation resistance of such materials. The probing of the fracture toughness of the generated microstructures by computational means is described in the companion paper [E G. Haubensak, V V Bulatov and A.S. Argon, J. Comput.-Aided Mater. Design, 2 (1995) 205]. The primary purpose of the simulated reaction was the generation of realistic microstructures incorporating the major features of reaction bonding. In this manner it is possible to generate objective, systematic variations of similar microstructures. With such microstructures, crack nucleation and propagation mechanisms can be observed, and processing parameters, which control fracture toughness, can be identified. In the present study, we outline the details of the reaction kinetics model, demonstrate its ability to generate realistic microstructures, and report some additional observations on some topological phenomena resulting from the reaction, such as those controlling the formation of large pores in the final structure. In yet a separate communication of a related experimental study we present the microstructures of the actual RBSN. We will use the findings of the latter study here for making some comparisons.
Real-time optimal participation of wind power in an electricity market

While integrating wind power into the electricity market can reduce the operational and fuel costs of the power system, it also increases the imbalance cost and the need for reserve. Due to this contradictory, there is a need for planning the amount of wind power in the power system. This paper proposes a model to determine the real-time optimal participation of wind power in an electricity market. This model assumes that the system operator will regulate the participation level of the wind power due to the increasing cost of reserve. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed model to determine the real-time optimal participation of wind power in a practical power system for various scenarios.
Tilted-Plate Interferometry with Large Plate Separations

With very highly collimated monochromatic light sources, such as optical masers, multiple-beam interference fringes between nearly parallel surfaces are obtained at large separations. Sharp fringes displaying the surface contours have been observed with separations as large as 20 cm. The requirements and limitations of the device are described, as well as some possible applications.
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CHOICE OF INTEROBSERVER RELIABILITY ESTIMATES

Two types of interobserver reliability values may be needed in treatment studies in which observers constitute the primary data-acquisition system: trial reliability and the reliability of the composite unit or score which is subsequently analyzed, e.g., daily or weekly session totals. Two approaches to determining interobserver reliability are described: percentage agreement and "correlational" measures of reliability. The interpretation of these estimates, factors affecting their magnitude, and the advantages and limitations of each approach are presented.
Enhanced angle sensitive pixels for light field imaging

Previously demonstrated angle sensitive pixels (ASPs) have been shown to enable integrated digital light-field imaging in CMOS, but suffer from significantly reduced pixel quantum efficiency and increased sensor size. This work demonstrates ASP devices that use phase gratings and a pair of interleaved diodes to double pixel density and improve quantum efficiency by a factor of 4.
Predictive value of perioperative near-infrared spectroscopy for neurodevelopmental outcomes after cardiac surgery in infancy

Objective The study objective was to expand on prior research examining intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO 2 ) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by evaluating the predictive value of perioperative NIRS monitoring for neurodevelopmental outcomes after infant cardiac surgery. Methods Cross-sectional neurodevelopmental evaluation at 24 months of age with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition was performed for patients who underwent cardiac surgery with perioperative NIRS monitoring between 2007 and 2010. Retrospective clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Evaluation of selected NIRS measures, including preoperative rSO 2 (baseline) as well as rSO 2 nadir and percent decrease from baseline during the intraoperative and early postoperative periods, was undertaken. Results Perioperative NIRS and neurodevelopmental data were available for 31 patients without chromosomal anomalies who underwent cardiac surgery during infancy at a median age of 0.43 months. Optimal thresholds on NIRS measures identified through receiver operating characteristic analyses were intraoperative percent decrease of 52% for receptive communication delay and postoperative rSO 2 nadir of 56% for cognitive delay and 49% for gross motor delay. When considered in conjunction with other clinical characteristics in stepwise linear regression analyses, intraoperative percent decrease of more than 52% entered into the final model for receptive communication outcome and postoperative rSO 2 nadir of less than 56% entered into the final model for cognitive outcome. Conclusions Perioperative NIRS monitoring seems to enhance the ability to predict neurodevelopmental outcome. Specific NIRS measures associated with neurodevelopmental outcome, as well as optimal thresholds, seem to differ across the continuum of the perioperative period.
Niacin noncompetitively inhibits DGAT2 but not DGAT1 activity in HepG2 cells.

Niacin is a widely used lipid-regulating agent in dyslipidemic patients. Previously, we have shown that niacin inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis. In this report, using HepG2 cells, we have examined the effect of niacin on the mRNA expression and microsomal activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2 (DGAT1 and DGAT2), the last committed but distinctly different enzymes for triglyceride synthesis. Addition of niacin to the DGAT assay reaction mixture dose-dependently (0–3 mM) inhibited DGAT activity by 35–50%, and the IC50 was found to be 0.1 mM. Enzyme kinetic studies showed apparent Km values of 8.3 μM and 100 μM using [14C]oleoyl-CoA and sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol as substrates, respectively. A decrease in apparent Vmax was observed with niacin, whereas the apparent Km remained constant. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of DGAT inhibition by niacin showed a noncompetitive type of inhibition. Niacin selectively inhibited DGAT2 but not DGAT1 activity. Niacin inhibited overt DGAT activity. Niacin had no effect on the expression of DGAT1 and DGAT2 mRNA. These data suggest that niacin directly and noncompetitively inhibits DGAT2 but not DGAT1, resulting in decreased triglyceride synthesis and hepatic atherogenic lipoprotein secretion, thus indicating a major target site for its mechanism of action.
Cancer risk among participants in the women's interagency HIV study.

BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic has been associated with an increased incidence of specific cancers. However, less is known about cancers occurring in HIV-infected women than men. METHODS: To determine the risk of cancer among HIV-infected and at-risk HIV-uninfected women, cancer incidence data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) were compared with data from the population-based United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Age- and race-adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed and exact statistical tests were used to measure significance. RESULTS: Among the 1950 women participants (1554 HIV infected, 391 HIV uninfected, and 5 HIV seroconverters), 48 cancers were diagnosed during study follow-up. Among HIV-infected women, significantly (P < 0.05) increased incidence rates were observed for all cancer types (SIR = 1.9), Kaposi sarcoma (SIR = 213.5), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (SIR = 19.0), and lung cancer (SIR = 6.3) when compared with SEER rates. Lung cancer incidence was also elevated (P = 0.07) among the HIV-uninfected women (SIR = 6.9), when compared with SEER rates, and was similar to the SIR for HIV-infected women. While the incidence rate of NHL among HIV-infected women was significantly lower during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) compared with the pre-HAART era (relative risk = 0.15, P = 0.005), the incidence of NHL among HIV-infected WIHS participants remained significantly higher than in the US population (SIR = 6.4, 95% CI = 1.3-15.5). CONCLUSION: In the HAART era, the higher rates of cancer among HIV-infected women, coupled with increased life expectancy, should lead to more intensive cancer screening and prevention efforts in this population.
FDC coverage improvement infrastructure

Traditional method of selecting SVID, setting up FDC models and SPC alarm rules often depends on past experiences and abnormal cases. It's hard to achieve the overall FDC coverage across different tool types. In this paper, we adopt EQ subsystems concept into FDC model template and roll out these models throughout the fab by using combine charts. It can rapidly improve FDC coverage rate and hit rate for tool abnormity.
Los Alamos X-Ray Characterization Facilities For Plasma Diagnostics

A summary is given of characteristics of x-ray sources used by Los Alamos National Laboratory to calibrate various x-ray diagnostic packages and components. Included are D.C. sources in electron impact and fluorescence modes, a pulsed laser source for soft x rays with 100 ps time resolution, Febetron pulsed electron impact sources, and both EUV and x-ray synchrotron beamlines.
The importance of hippocampus-dependent non-spatial tasks in analyses of homology and homoplasy.

The hippocampus or a homologous region plays a role in spatial tasks in a large number of vertebrate species. This result, in combination with recent findings of adaptive specializations of the hippocampus for spatial demands, has led to the conclusion that the prominent selective force behind hippocampal evolution was a need for spatial abilities. However, a review of non-spatial hippocampus-dependent tasks shows that many vertebrate species also share non-spatial functions of the hippocampus. Placed in the appropriate phylogenetic context, it becomes clear that non-spatial facets of hippocampal function were just as likely to be present in our vertebrate ancestors as spatial ones. In addition, the absence of spatial strategy use in three lineages suggests divergence of this feature. Divergence in this character and other characteristics of hippocampal function are meaningful indicators of lineage specific functions. Studies of the evolution of the hippocampus must include examination of spatial and non-spatial functions of the hippocampus and consider both conserved, as well as derived, features.
Statistical error detection for clinical laboratory tests

Errors in clinical laboratory tests lead to increased costs and patient risks. Such errors are relatively rare, affecting ∼0.5% of samples. Existing techniques for detecting errors have either far too low sensitivity or specificity to be useful. This preliminary study develops statistical sample selection criteria that capture faults upwards of fifty times more efficiently than expected from random sampling. Although this is only the first step towards an integrated discriminant system for reliable detection of laboratory errors, the statistical detection scheme demonstrated here outperforms existing methods.
Categorizing coping responses for envy: a multidimensional analysis of workplace perceptions.

A multidimensional scaling analysis of the perceptions of 160 undergraduate business majors suggested two underlying dimensions for coping responses to an envy-arousing situation, Constructive-Dest...
Liberty for All? Contested spaces of women's basketball

The Women's National Basketball Association is a professional women's basketball league that is notable for constructing a heteronormative ‘family friendly’ self-image while maintaining a sizable following of lesbian fans. This article examines this apparent contradiction through two case studies: a kiss-in protest by a group of New York WNBA fans, Lesbians for Liberty, and experiences by Minnesota Lynx lesbian fans of the marketing tactics and daily practices that regulate WNBA game spaces. By highlighting the socio-spatiality of the WNBA venue, it becomes clear how heteronormativity is naturalized, as well as accepted and resisted by lesbian fans in both New York and Minnesota. An overt act of resistance, however, failed to encourage the WNBA to reconsider its policies: the Liberty kiss-in, by situating lesbians as a counterpublic, foreclosed the range of attitudes held by lesbian fans. Moreover, as Minnesota Lynx fans demonstrate, WNBA spaces feel ‘safe enough’ to many lesbian fans. As a result, there ...
Studies on the Productive Value of Roughages and Concentrates for Lactation

Summary Reversal type experiments were conducted with 25 lactating cows to determine the effect of replacing part of a roughage ration with concentrates supplying equal amounts of TDN or ENE. TDN proved to be less accurate than ENE for comparing the energy value of roughages and concentrates for milk production. ENE appeared to slightly overrate the value of roughages in comparison to concentrates for lactation, but to a lesser degree than TDN.
Preservice teachers and parents: using a reading course to change perceptions and practice

The authors sought to understand preservice teachers’ views about parents of students who struggle with reading and about their own preparedness to deal with such parents. Research, including surveys, student evaluation and tutoring intervention, indicates that before their work with parents and students, preservice teachers held strong beliefs about parents’ role and responsibilities with respect to their children who find reading daunting. After a semester‐long reading course which provided opportunities to work with struggling readers and their parents, the preservice teachers in this study expressed beliefs that were contrary to the ones they offered at the beginning of the course.
Sediment flux and recent paleoclimate in JordanBasin, Gulf of Maine

Abstract We report planktonic foraminiferal fluxes (accumulation rates) and oxygen isotopes (δ18O) from a nine-month sediment trap deployment, and δ18O from three sediment cores in Jordan Basin, Gulf of Maine. The sediment trap was deployed at 150 m, about halfway to the basin floor, and samples were collected every three weeks between August 2010 and May 2011. The planktonic foraminiferal fauna in the trap is dominated by Neogloboquadrina incompta that reached a maximum flux in the second half of October. Oxygen isotope ratios on that species indicate that on average during the collecting period it lived in the surface mixed layer, when compared to predicted values based on data from a nearby hydrographic buoy from the same period. New large diameter piston cores from Jordan Basin are 25 and 28 m long. Marine hemipelagic sediments are 25 m thick, and the sharp contact with underlying red deglacial sediments is bracketed by two radiocarbon dates on bivalves that indicate ice-free conditions began 16,900 calibrated years ago. Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera indicates that the basin floor sediments (270–290 m) accumulated at >3 m/kyr during the Holocene, whereas rates were about one tenth that on the basin slope (230 m). In principle, Jordan Basin sediments have the potential to provide time series with interannual resolution. Our results indicate the Holocene is marked by ~2°C variability in SST, and the coldest events of the 20th century, during the mid 1960s and mid 1920s, appear to be recorded in the uppermost 50 cm of the seafloor.
Normative data for the symbol digit substitution task

Administered three forms of a Symbol-Digit Substitution task to normals, 16 to over 80 years of age, to schizophrenic and other hospitalized groups. Their data are presented for normative purposes. The three forms vary in difficulty and provide a measure of visual information processing ability, Clinical and research implications of the data are discussed.
Arousal-Enhanced Location Memory for Pictures.

Abstract Four experiments revealed arousal-enhanced location memory for pictures. After an incidental encoding task, participants were more likely to remember the locations of positive and negative arousing pictures than the locations of non-arousing pictures, indicating better binding of location to picture. This arousal-enhanced binding effect did not have a cost for the binding of temporally or spatially adjacent pictures to their locations. Thus, arousal can enhance binding of an arousing picture’s content to its location without interfering with picture-location binding for nearby pictures. In addition, arousal-enhanced picture-location memory binding is not just a side effect of enhanced memory for the picture itself, as it occurs both when recognition memory is good and when it is poor.
THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE IN BREAST CANCER DETECTION: Functional Breast Imaging

Breast carcinoma is a major health problem for women worldwide. It is the second most common cancer affecting women in the Western Hemisphere and its incidence is increasing by about 3% per annum. In 1990, 150,000 new cases of breast cancer were reported in the United States. This number increased to approximately 185,000 cases in 1995, representing a rate increase of at least 3% per year. Based on data from 1988 to 1990, the lifetime risk for US women for being diagnosed with breast cancer is 12.2% and the lifetime risk of women dying with breast cancer is 3.6%, or 1 in 28 women. Internationally, mortality rates (per 100,000 women-years, age-adjusted world standard) varied fivefold during 1983 to 1987, from less than six in Japan to almost 30 in England and Wales. From the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, mortality rates did not change greatly in many of the countries with high rates, whereas increases occurred in many of the countries with lower rates, resulting in a narrowing of the international differences. Despite extensive screening protocols in the early to mid-1980s in this country, as many as 20% of women presenting with breast carcinoma fall into the category of locally advanced breast carcinoma, which has a generally poor prognosis. 8 Mammography has a generally high sensitivity for the detection of breast carcinoma, in the range of 85% to 90%. It is reported, however, to have a lower sensitivity for cancer detection in women with dense fibroglandular tissue seen on mammography. A false-negative rate as high as 25% to 30% has been reported. 46 Another important drawback of mammography is its relatively low specificity and low positive predictive value (10% to 35%) for cancers that are nonpalpable. 34 Finally, this technique cannot differentiate accurately benign from malignant lesions; many mammography-directed surgical breast biopsies are benign. Other imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, MR imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and scintimammography, have been investigated for their role in the detection and characterization of breast carcinoma. This article focuses on the role of scintimammography, and in particular Tc 99m sestamibi (MIBI), as a complementary technique in the evaluation of suspected breast abnormalities.
Characteristics of seston in a regulated Appalachian Mountain river, U.S.A

Six size classes of seston were collected seasonally from the New River, Virginia, U.S.A., during three flow regimes: low flow, discharge changes resulting from daily cycles of hydroelectric power generation, and naturally occurring storm discharge cycles. Seston concentration and particle shape, density, and settling velocity were measured for all size classes, seasons, and flow regimes. Seston concentration, density, and settling velocity varied significantly with size class, season, and flow regime. Total concentrations ranged from a low of 0.47 mg litre-' during autumn base-flow to a high of 92.6 mg litre-' during a winter storm. Mean seston densities ranged between 1.60 and 2.02 g crn-l, which is much lower than previously published measurements for rivers, suggesting that seston in the New River may be mainly organic-inorganic aggregates. Mean seston settling velocity was lowest during low-flow and hydroelectric discharges (0.10 cm s-l) and highest during storms (0-19 cm s-l). Seston particle shape vaned significantly only with size class. The inability of a commonly used transport equation to predict transport during most discharge conditions suggests that, in some systems, seston concentration and transport may be less a function of discharge and power than of long-term seasonal and short-term discharge cycle effects on the density and sue characteristics of seston.
Quality control for selective screening of inborn errors of metabolism

A comprehensive program for proficiency testing of biochemical genetics laboratories is described. Inborn errors of metabolism of amino acids, organic acids, glycosaminoglycans and oligosacharides are covered, as well as the assay of galactosse-1-phosphate. Participants are not only required to report the analytical results but to give an interpretation of the results as well. Sixteen rounds of testing have been completed. A slow, but definite improvement in performance can be observed.
Predictors of suicidality in bariatric surgery candidates

Risk for suicidality (current or past suicidal ideation or attempt) increases after bariatric surgery; however, there is a paucity of research investigating suicidality predictors in this population. This study involved a retrospective chart review of individuals seeking psychological clearance for bariatric surgery. In total, 32 participants (15.8%) were classified as reporting suicidality. These participants endorsed greater depressive symptomatology and hopelessness, and hopelessness and mood disorder diagnosis each uniquely predicted whether or not a patient was classified as reporting suicidality. The findings within suggest that increased attention to the relationship among these variables may improve methods for identification of high-risk patients. Implications for clinical practiced are discussed.
Cortical Sites Critical for Speech Discrimination in Normal and Impaired Listeners

We used statistical modeling to investigate variability in the cortical auditory representations of 24 normal-hearing epilepsy patients undergoing electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM). Patients were identified as normal or impaired listeners based on recognition accuracy for acoustically filtered words used to simulate everyday listening conditions. The experimental ESM task was a binary (same-different) auditory syllable discrimination paradigm that both listener groups performed accurately at baseline. Template mixture modeling of speech discrimination deficits during ESM showed larger and more variable cortical distributions for impaired listeners than normal listeners, despite comparable behavioral performances. These results demonstrate that individual differences in speech recognition abilities are reflected in the underlying cortical representations.
A lesion and neuroanatomical tract‐tracing analysis of the role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in retrieval behavior and other aspects of maternal responsiveness in rats

The ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis forms a junctional region between the medial and lateral preoptic areas. Previous work has shown that the neurons in this region express Fos-like immunoreactivity during maternal behavior, suggesting their involvement in maternal behavior control. Supporting this hypothesis, the first experiment shows that excitotoxic amino acid lesions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis disrupt retrieval behavior and other aspects of maternal responsiveness in postpartum rats. The second study traces the efferent projections of the ventral bed nucleus with the anterograde tracer Phaseolis vulgaris leucoagglutinin. The following regions receive strong projections: lateral septum, substantia innominata, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventral premammillary nucleus, supramammillary nucleus, paraventricular thalamus, ventral tegmental area, periaqueductal gray, retrorubral field, and the region surrounding the locus coeruleus. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diffusion‐Dependent Kinetic Properties of Glyoxalase I and Estimates of the Steady‐State Concentrations of Glyoxalase‐Pathway Intermediates in Glycolyzing Erythrocytes

The diffusion-dependent kinetic properties of the yeast glyoxalase I reaction have been measured by means of viscosometric methods. For the glyoxalase-I-catalyzed isomerization of glutathione (GSH)-methylglyoxal thiohemiacetal to S-d-lactoylglutathione, the kcat/Km (3.5 × 106 M−1 S−1, pH7, 25°C) undergoes a progressive decrease in magnitude with increasing solution viscosity, using sucrose as a visco-genic agent. The viscosity effect is unlikely to be due to a sucrose-induced change in the intrinsic kinetic properties of the enzyme, as the magnitude of kcat/Km for the slow substrate GSH-t-butylglyoxal thiohemiacetal (3.5 × 103 M−1 s−1, pH 7, 25°C) is independent of solution viscosity. Quantitative treatment of the data by means of the Stokes-Einstein diffusion law suggests that catalysis will be about 50% diffusion limited under conditions where [substrate] «Km; the encounter complex between enzyme and substrate partitions nearly equally between product formation and dissociation to form free enzyme and substrate. In a related study, the steady-state concentrations of glyoxalase-pathway intermediates in glycolyzing human erythrocytes are estimated to be in the nanomolar concentration range, on the basis of published values for the activities of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II in lysed erythrocytes and the steady-state rate of formation of d-lactate in intact erythrocytes. This is consistent with a model of the glyoxalase pathway in which the enzyme-catalyzed steps are significantly diffusion limited under physiological conditions.
Predictors of Food Hub Financial Viability

There are few studies that examine the financial viability of food hub businesses. This research attempts to identify key differences between food hubs that appear financially viable and those that do not by examining operational characteristics and spending profiles in food hubs studied in the 2013 National Food Hub Survey. Findings suggest that the most important predictors of financial viability are the absolute amount of annual gross revenue the hub generates and the expenditure profile of the food hub. Based on these findings, recommendations are suggested for those planning new hubs.
Morphology of the rejecting surface of aromatic polyamide membranes for desalination

Abstract In highly productive reverse osmosis membranes heterogeneous structures of high specific volume are developed in the rejecting layer by two quite different methods, both of which appear to involve fractal processes. In the asymmetric system the membrane specific volume is increased by adding to the polyamide solution a molecularly compatible component that is readily hydrolyzed and extracted from the concentrated surface layer, itself probably quenched without phase inversion, to develop a volume in substantial excess over the percolation limit. Available information about the factors and functionality of the condensation reaction used to form the thin-film composite structures indicates a non-equilibrium disordered aggregation of dense, but functional, polyamide particles to create a thin layer where every colloidal particle is surrounded by passages for transport. While percolation theory suggests that the asymmetric membrane is formed by the disordered aggregation of open spaces, the thin-film composite seems formed by a similar random and non-equilibrium aggregation of dense, hyperbranched polyamide particles.