cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxycodone insufflation resulting in nasal septal abscess.

A 41-year old female presented to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation of difficulty with nasal breathing associated with severe internal nasal pain for 3 days. She has a history of chronic opioid abuse via nasal insufflation of crushed oxycodone. Two days before symptom onset, she completed a 10-day course of amoxicillin/clavulanate for a clinically diagnosed maxillary sinusitis. A
Interpretive advantages of 90°-phase wavelets: Part 2 — Seismic applications

We examine field seismic data to test the benefits of 90°-phase wavelets in thin-bed interpretation that are predicted by seismic modeling in part 1 of this paper. In an interbedded sandstone-shale Miocene succession in the Gulf of Mexico basin, a 90°-phase shift of nearly zero-phase seismic data significantly improves lithologic and stratigraphic interpretation. A match between seismic and acoustic impedance (AI) profiles results in a better tie between seismic amplitude traces and lithology-indicative logs. Better geometric imaging of AI units that does not use dual-polarity seismic events results in easier and more accurate reservoir delineation. Less amplitude distortion and the stratigraphy-independent nature of thin-bed interference significantly improves stratigraphic resolution and seismic stratigraphic profiling. For a Ricker-like wavelet having small side lobes, stratigraphic resolution of 90°-phase data is considerably higher than that of zero-phase data. In this specific case, stratigraphic re...
STOOL MICROFLORAL PATTERNS IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS: LACK OF SPECIES DIVERSITY. † 1313

STOOL MICROFLORAL PATTERNS IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS: LACK OF SPECIES DIVERSITY. † 1313
Screening the Hanford tanks for trapped gas

The Hanford Site is home to 177 large, underground nuclear waste storage tanks. This article describes a screening study carried out in the mid 1990s that used the tank waste level measurements to assess the tanks for potential flammable gas hazards. At the time of the study, 25 of the 177 tanks were on the flammable gas watch list. The use of this monitoring data provided additional insight, resulting in operational changes on the Hanford site. The waste level measurements used in this study were made primarily to monitor the tanks for leaks and intrusions. Four measurement devices are widely used in these tanks. Three of these measure the level of the waste surface. The remaining device measures from within a well embedded in the waste, thereby monitoring the liquid level even if the liquid level is below a dry waste crust. The data from each of the four measurement devices were utilized in this investigation. The analytic method used for this screening was to look for an inverse correlation between waste level measurements and ambient atmospheric pressure. If the waste level in a tank decreases with an increase in ambient atmospheric pressure, then the compressibility may be attributed to gas trapped within the waste. In this article, this methodology is not used to estimate the volume of gas trapped in the waste.
Is cognitive behavior therapy just a 'nonspecific' intervention for depression? A retrospective comparison of consecutive cohorts treated with cognitive behavior therapy or supportive counseling and pill placebo

Abstract Background: There is a dearth of placebo-controlled studies of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) of depression and the largest such study, by Elkin et al. (Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 46 (1989) 971–982), failed to find a significant difference between CBT and a clinical management plus placebo condition. Methods: The outcomes of two consecutive cohorts of out-patients with major depressive disorder, treated with either CBT (n=90) or a nonspecific control condition (support–counseling–placebo; SCP: n=100), were compared. Although the principal comparisons between the CBT and SCP conditions were delimited to the first 4 weeks of treatment, a secondary set of analyses addressed the subset of 16 patients who received 12 additional weeks of supportive therapy. Results: A consistent pattern of statistically and clinically significant differences favoring CBT over SCP was found in both weeks 4 and 16. Limitations: Interpretation of these findings are subject to several potential confounds, including the non-randomized nature of the groups and the greater amount of therapeutic contact during the first 4 weeks of CBT. Conclusions: While these results do not lessen the need for additional prospective studies, our findings do suggest that CBT has therapeutic effects beyond those attributable to placebo-expectancy and other nonspecific factors.
A statistical study of time-sharing systems

Abstract Time-sharing systems are discussed in which competing users can achieve access only on a chance basis, depending on the availability of a system channel at the time of attempted access. A simple statistical method is presented for evaluating the relative merits of different time-sharing configurations. Calculated results for a variety of user demand levels in a representative system are shown in graphic and tabular form.
A method for the structural analysis of two-dimensional mathematical expressions

A structure specification scheme is described which can be used to specify the structures of certain two-dimensional patterns. Algorithms are developed to test whether a pattern has a (strongly) well-formed structure with respect to a given structure specification scheme. This method is applicable to the analysis of two-dimensional mathematical expressions and the format of printed material. The usefulness of this method is limited to the analysis of patterns whose structures are based upon a number of operators. When it is applicable, a strongly well-formed structure can be constructed in time n^2, where n is the number of primitive components of the pattern.
Potential interspecific competition and host specificity: hispine beetles on Heliconia

. 1. Adults of rolled-leaf hispine beetles (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera) spend their lives in the scrolls formed by immature leaves of Heliconia (Heli-coniaceae, Monocotyledonae) in Tropical America. As many as eight hispine species can intermingle in the host scrolls at a single site. Scrolls of single host species are invariably occupied by adults of more than one hispine species, and as many as five species can simultaneously occupy one scroll. 2. I made virgin scrolls, which had never contained any insects, by growing leaves under the cover of plastic bags. 3. Thirty-seven combinations of single hispine and Heliconia species were experimentally created in the virgin scrolls, at two sites and in two seasons, in Costa Rica. Combinations included all abundant host species at the sites. 4. All beetles left all leaves of the twenty-eight unnatural beetle—host combinations, within 24 h. On the other hand, none of the nine natural combinations was completely abandoned within the experimental period. 5. Thus, host specificity is not broader in the absence of similar hispine species that might be competitors, and interspecies competition does not affect this obvious aspect of resource utilization for these phytophagous insects.
A unifying framework for iceberg-calving models

We propose a general framework for iceberg-calving models that can be applied to any calving margin. The framework is based on mass continuity, the assumption that calving rate and terminus velocity are not independent and the simple idea that terminus thickness following a calving event is larger than terminus thickness at the event onset. The theoretical, near steady-state analysis used to support and analyze the framework indicates that calving rate is governed, to first order, by ice thickness, thickness gradient, strain rate, mass-balance rate and backwards melting of the terminus; the analysis furthermore provides a physical explanation for a previously derived empirical relationship for ice-shelf calving (Alley and others, 2008). In the calving framework the pre- and post-calving terminus thicknesses are given by two unknown but related functions. The functions can vary independently of changes in glacier flow and geometry, and can therefore account for variations in calving behavior due to external forcings and/or self-sustaining calving processes (positive feedbacks). Although the calving framework does not constitute a complete calving model, any thickness-based calving criterion can easily be incorporated into the framework. The framework should be viewed as a guide for future attempts to parameterize calving.
Cell sorting protein homologs reveal an unusual diversity in archaeal cell division

In this issue of PNAS, Lindas et al. (1) report an interesting diversity in archaeal cell division, in contrast to those of bacterial and eukaryotic cells, which appear to be more uniform. The Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya constitute the 3 domains of life on our planet (2). Within the cell cycle of each lineage, DNA replication ensures faithful duplication of the chromosome, after which a copy of the genetic material from the mother cell segregates into 2 daughter cells. By this process, organisms generate progeny to ensure continuation of their lineage. In their seminal report, Woese et al. (2) subdivided Archaea into 2 major kingdoms, namely the Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota, although as discussed later, there appear to be more kingdoms within the Archaea.
Hopping enables a DNA repair glycosylase to search both strands and bypass a bound protein.

The human base excision DNA repair pathway repairs ∼10,000 lesions per cell per day (1). This is a daunting task because these relatively rare lesions must be located from among ∼12,000,000,000 normal nucleotides in the genome. Almost a dozen different human DNA repair glycosylases continuously and independently search the genome for a wide variety of oxidized or alkylated bases. Once a damaged nucleotide has been located, the glycosylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond to release the damaged base and create an abasic site. This abasic site is further processed to restore the correct DNA sequence using the opposing nucleotide as a template. There is considerable in vitro evidence that glycosylases use thermally-driven linear diffusion to efficiently search for sites of damage, whereby the enzyme diffuses along DNA in a non-directional manner, searching many adjacent sites within a single binding event (2-8). The biological importance of linear diffusion has been confirmed by the findings that mutants of T4 pyrimidine dimer glycosylase and EcoRV endonuclease that are deficient in linear diffusion have decreased activity in vivo (9-11). The task of locating specific sites within the genome is central to DNA repair and to many other nuclear processes such as DNA replication and transcription (12-14). Two distinct mechanisms are recognized for diffusion along DNA and they are commonly referred to as sliding and hopping (13-22). As illustrated in Scheme 1, sliding involves continuous contact between the protein and the DNA backbone so that transfer occurs between linearly contiguous sites on the same strand. This implies that sliding follows a helical path, and there is experimental evidence of this for several proteins, including DNA glycosylases (3, 15, 23-25). In the alternative mode of translocation, referred to as hopping, a bound protein microscopically dissociates to a point at which it is still very close to the originally bound site and will with high probability re-associate to the same or nearby site on either DNA strand (12, 22). This pathway has been experimentally observed for several proteins (16-22), including E. coli uracil DNA glycosylase (7). Scheme 1 Sliding and hopping are distinct mechanisms of linear diffusion We investigated the mechanism by which alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG), a human DNA glycosylase responsible for the repair of a diverse set of alkylated and deaminated purines, locates damaged nucleotides. The results provide strong evidence for hopping by this single domain protein and demonstrate that AAG simultaneously searches both strands of DNA. Remarkably, a tightly bound protein serves as only a partial block of AAG diffusion. We suggest that hopping plays important roles in the search for DNA damage, allowing greater distances to be covered in a given time, both strands to be sampled, and bound proteins to be circumvented.
Relationship of vitamin E metabolism and oxidation in exercising human subjects

During endurance exercise, oxygen consumption by the skeletal muscle can increase 100-200 times. We previously found that during an ultramarathon race (50 km, forest trail through hilly terrain) compared with a day of rest, vitamin E disappeared faster (as measured using 2H-labelled alpha-tocopherol) and lipid peroxidation increased. Therefore, we hypothesized that prior supplementation with antioxidants (vitamins E and C) would decrease oxidative stress during distance running and, therefore, decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammation, decrease DNA damage, decrease muscle damage and/or improve recovery. To test these hypotheses, we carried out a randomized, double-blind study in runners (n 11 females, 11 males) who were participants in an annual ultramarathon race. We found that supplementation with both vitamins E and C only prevented increases in lipid peroxidation, but had no apparent effect on DNA damage, inflammation or muscle damage. These results suggest that the mechanism of oxidative damage is operating independently of the inflammatory and muscle damage responses.
SWAT modeling with uncertainty and cluster analyses of tillage impacts on hydrological processes

The impacts of tillage practices, majorly conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT), on soil hydraulic properties have been studied in recent decades. In this paper, we incorporated an auto-calibration algorithm into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and calibrated the model at eight field sites with soil water content (SWC) observations in the Pataha Creek Watershed, WA, USA. The Green–Ampt method in SWAT was chosen to determine infiltration and surface runoff. Parameter uncertainty was quantified by “relatively optimal” parameter sets filtered by a critical objective function value. Cluster analysis was adopted to obtain equal-sized parameter sets for each site and to compare parameter sets between tillage practices. The centers of these clusters were employed as a sample of parameter values. The clustered parameter sets were then used in scenario analysis to examine the impacts of cropland tillage practices on lateral flow, runoff and evapotranspiration (ET). The model parameters (e.g., soil hydraulic properties) were significantly different between CT and NT. In particular, higher bulk density, larger available water capacity, and higher effective hydraulic conductivity were found for NT than for CT. SWCs at three depths of the NT sites were significantly higher than those of CT sites, which could be attributed to tillage practices. However, higher available water capacity at NT sites indicated that the NT soil had a higher capacity to hold water. Thus the mean net changes in SWC during a year were not significantly different between CT and NT. The statistically different model parameters neither resulted in statistical differences in annual outputs (e.g., runoff and ET) nor substantial differences in monthly outputs. Our study indicates that the tillage impacts on hydrological processes are site-specific and scale-dependent.
JIT inventory and competition in the global environment: a comparative study of American and Japanese values in auto endustry

The topic of Just in Time (JIT) Inventory is very important and relevant to all operations managers today. It has become a major factor of competitiveness in the global environment. The concept is a minimized costing system that increases efficiency, productivity and quality through economies of scale and control. Current business enterprises need this for both cost benefit and effectiveness to increase their chance of survival in the competitive market of the global environment. This paper delineates the specifics of JIT theory to a more practical level of individual components that are more easily understood and related to the Automobile Industry. This paper benefits Production and Operations Management (POM) in the respect of being another inclusive angle, written comprehension, on a very important aspect of the business world. The paper is an attempt to absorb a better understanding of peripheral concepts and restrictions guided by JIT in the auto industry.
Management of Intercarpal Ligament Injuries Associated with Distal Radius Fractures

The prevalence of ligamentous injury associated with fractures of the distal radius is reported to be as high as 69% with injury to the scapholunate interosseous ligament and lunotriquetral interosseous ligament occurring in 16% to 40% and 8.5% to 15%, respectively. There is a lack of consensus on which patients should undergo advanced imaging, arthroscopy, and treatment and whether this changes their natural history. Overall, patients with high-grade intercarpal ligament injuries are shown to have longer-term disability and sequelae compared with those with lower-grade injuries. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment options for these injuries.
Alveolar hemorrhage as a manifestation of pulmonary barotrauma after scuba diving

We present the case of a 46-year-old man who developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a consequence of a scuba diving accident. The diagnosis and presumptive pathophysiological mechanism of this previously unreported complication are discussed.
Integrating open source software into software engineering curriculum: challenges in selecting projects

Software Engineering (SE) projects that emphasize maintenance and evolution can emulate industrial challenges and prepare students for careers in the software industry. Designing maintenance-centric SE projects, however, is difficult because software code upon which these projects must be based is not readily available. Open Source Software (OSS) can alleviate this issue by offering a rich and varied volume of code. This rich diversity of OSS projects, however, presents the greatest hurdle in seamlessly selecting suitable projects for integration. To better understand the scope of this diversity, initially, we propose to manually select uniformly difficult projects of appropriate complexity. Ultimately, based on the experiences and insights acquired through the manual selection, we envision the development of a systematic methodology based on software metrics to ease the project selection process. Such a systematic methodology will pave the way for the adoption of the OSS-based approach at peer institutions, bringing us a step closer to injecting realism into SE projects.
The familial Alzheimer's disease APPV717I mutation alters APP processing and Tau expression in iPSC-derived neurons

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular plaques containing amyloid β (Aβ)-protein and intracellular tangles containing hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Here, we describe the generation of inducible pluripotent stem cell lines from patients harboring the London familial AD (fAD) amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation (V717I). We examine AD-relevant phenotypes following directed differentiation to forebrain neuronal fates vulnerable in AD. We observe that over differentiation time to mature neuronal fates, APP expression and levels of Aβ increase dramatically. In both immature and mature neuronal fates, the APPV717I mutation affects both β- and γ-secretase cleavage of APP. Although the mutation lies near the γ-secretase cleavage site in the transmembrane domain of APP, we find that β-secretase cleavage of APP is elevated leading to generation of increased levels of both APPsβ and Aβ. Furthermore, we find that this mutation alters the initial cleavage site of γ-secretase, resulting in an increased generation of both Aβ42 and Aβ38. In addition to altered APP processing, an increase in levels of total and phosphorylated Tau is observed in neurons with the APPV717I mutation. We show that treatment with Aβ-specific antibodies early in culture reverses the phenotype of increased total Tau levels, implicating altered Aβ production in fAD neurons in this phenotype. These studies use human neurons to reveal previously unrecognized effects of the most common fAD APP mutation and provide a model system for testing therapeutic strategies in the cell types most relevant to disease processes.
A Molecular Program for Contralateral Trajectory: Rig-1 Control by LIM Homeodomain Transcription Factors

Despite increasing evidence for transcriptional control of neural connectivity, how transcription factors regulate discrete steps in axon guidance remains obscure. Projection neurons in the dorsal spinal cord relay sensory signals to higher brain centers. Some projection neurons send their axons ipsilaterally, whereas others, commissural neurons, send axons contralaterally. We show that two closely related LIM homeodomain proteins, Lhx2 and Lhx9, are expressed by a set of commissural relay neurons (dI1c neurons) and are required for the dI1c axon projection. Midline crossing by dI1c axons is lost in Lhx2/9 double mutants, a defect that results from loss of expression of Rig-1 from dI1c axons. Lhx2 binds to a conserved motif in the Rig-1 gene, suggesting that Lhx2/9 regulate directly the expression of Rig-1. Our findings reveal a link between the transcriptional programs that define neuronal subtype identity and the expression of receptors that guide distinctive aspects of their trajectory.
Acute lingual tonsillitis

A 45-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with a 3-day history of fever, progressive sore throat, dysphagia, and difficulty speaking. She was diagnosed with acute lingual tonsillitis. The ED physician must consider this rarely discussed disorder when presented with the previously mentioned signs and symptoms. This will allow for prompt diagnosis and treatment of acute lingual tonsillitis and may help to avoid potential airway compromise.
The Golden Age of Molecular Ecology

The observations of different organisms’ interactions with their environment and with each other can probably be extended back to prehistoric times when humans became inquisitive about the conditions in which they lived and survived. This process became more “scientific” in Ancient Greece, when great philosophers of the time such as Aristotle, Hippocrates, and Herodotus provided first written evidence and descriptions of nature and the observable interactions among different animals and plants [1]. By now, while still a relatively young discipline, ecology has developed into a complex science that encompasses analyses of ecosystem biodiversity, spatial and temporal species distribution and dynamic fluctuation, cross-species interactions, and evolutionary processes in the environment. While the original ecological studies have been based on direct observation, the ecological disciplines have gradually involved the use of DNA and protein sequences in the evaluation of environmental diversity, community composition, evolutionary relationships, and species taxonomy. The use of molecular analyses has seen the largest impact in two areas, those of phylogenetic and biodiversity assessments. In both cases, by utilizing the general principle of molecular sequence conservation and gradual mutation over time, we can evaluate evolutionary relationships among species as well as reveal species identities by only analyzing select few DNA (or sometimes protein) sequences from each organism. Thus, current systematics and taxonomy no longer need to rely on the observations of species morphological and physiological characteristics but can rather use molecular phylogenetic information. Similarly, ecosystem biodiversity measurements should no longer have to rely on an exhaustive description and direct detection of all ecosystem inhabitants, but can rather employ DNA analysis to reveal who is present. The latter approach is especially effective for the studies of microbial communities, where cultivating and examining separately all individual members of the community is in many cases not practical.
Teaching Web Services with Water

Web services have become important enough that all software professionals should know something about them. However, it can be challenging to fit Web services into a crowded curriculum. Common approaches require teaching a host of standards and APIs that all but obscure the simplicity of the concepts. The object-oriented Water language offers a way around these difficulties. Originally designed for rapidly prototyping XML-based Web services, it provides a very concise encoding of Web-services functionality. This makes it ideal for teaching, as students can learn to write real Web-services programs in two or three weeks. Moreover, Water helps students learn several patterns that are important to understanding object-oriented design but lacking - or not implemented well - in common o-o languages such as Java and C++. Among these are delegation and multiple inheritance.
The USA: the next big thing

This paper is an ensemble effort to assemble a picture of the principal issues facing the police in the USA over the next 10 years. It is a forecasting assessment of our best estimate of the likely issues facing the police, and for which we believe they should prepare themselves. Part I is an overview of current trends and important topics in policing. In this section we ask ‘where is policing today?’ Part II looks at a 10‐year window of issues as suggested by a panel of talented scholars in the area of policing. This section is organized around topical units of analysis – the sources and kinds of changes that are likely to affect the police. Drawing on the work of 14 police scholars, this will be an ensemble of their futures to which we provide our own unifying integument.
Chronic Fluoxetine Increases Extra-Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Adult Mice

Background: Chronic treatment with antidepressants has been shown to enhance neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. Although this effect was initially reported to be restricted to the hippocampus, recent work has suggested that fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, also promotes neurogenesis in the cortex. However, whether antidepressants target neural progenitor cells in other brain regions has not been examined. Methods: Here, we used BrdU labeling and immunohistochemistry with a transgenic mouse line in which nestin+ neural progenitor cells can be inducibly labeled with the fluorescent protein, Tomato, following tamoxifen administration. We investigated the effects of chronic fluoxetine on cell proliferation and nestin+ progenitor cells in periventricular areas in the medial hypothalamus and medial habenula, two brain areas involved in stress and anxiety responses. Results: Our data provide the first in vivo evidence that fluoxetine promotes cell proliferation and neurogenesis and increases the mRNA levels of BDNF in the hypothalamus and habenula. Conclusions: By identifying novel cellular targets of fluoxetine, our results may provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying antidepressant responses.
Influence of inflow conditions on turbine loading and wake structures predicted by large eddy simulations using exact geometry

A large eddy simulation was performed on an National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) phase VI wind turbine (10 m diameter), using the exact blade geometry, to determine the influence of different inflow conditions on the aerodynamic loadings and the near wake characteristics. The effects of the three inflow conditions, uniform inflow, linear wind shear and linear wind shear with turbulence, are investigated. Wind shear causes periodic variations in power and aerodynamic loading with an additional force component exerted along the lateral direction. Significant separation occurs in the high wind region on the suction side of the blades, resulting in unstable loading in off-design inflow conditions. Because of the shear effect between the near-blade tip vortex and ambient flow, the strong vortex core in the helical structure dissipates and transforms into a continuous vorticity sheet when x/D > 1.5. The combination of inflow turbulence and wind shear enhances the turbulence generation mechanism in the near wake, where energy is withdrawn from large wake structures and converted into energy of small-scale structures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc Lactate and Sapindin Act Synergistically with Lactocin 160 Against Gardnerella vaginalis

Lactocin 160 is a vaginal probiotic-derived bacteriocin shown to selectively inhibit the growth of Gardenerella vaginalis and some other pathogens commonly associated with bacterial vaginosis. The natural origin of this peptide, its safety, and selective antimicrobial properties make it a promising candidate for successful treatment and prophylaxis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). This study evaluated interactions between lactocin 160 and four other natural antimicrobials in the ability to inhibit G. vaginalis. We report that zinc lactate and soapnut extract act synergistically with lactocin 160 against this pathogen and therefore have a potential to be successfully used as the components of the multiple-hurdle antimicrobial formulation for the treatment of BV.
Leaching of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood in a simulated monofill and its potential impacts to landfill leachate

The proper end-of-life management of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood, which contains arsenic, copper, and chromium, is a concern to the solid waste management community. Landfills are often the final repository of this waste stream, and the impacts of CCA preservative metals on leachate quality are not well understood. Monofills are a type of landfill designed and operated to dispose a single waste type, such as ash, tires, mining waste, or wood. The feasibility of managing CCA-treated wood in monofills was examined using a simulated landfill (a leaching lysimeter) that contained a mix of new and weathered CCA-treated wood. The liquid to solid ratio (LS) reached in the experiment was 0.63:1. Arsenic, chromium, and copper leached from the lysimeter at average concentrations of 42 mg/L for arsenic, 9.4 mg/L for chromium, and 2.4 mg/L for copper. Complementary batch leaching studies using deionized water were performed on similar CCA-treated wood samples at LS of 5:1 and 10:1. When results from the lysimeter were compared to the batch test results, copper and chromium leachability appeared to be reduced in the lysimeter disposal environment. Of the three metals, arsenic leached to the greatest extent and was found to have the best correlation between the batch and the lysimeter experiments.
Marital Disruption: Effects on Behavioral and Emotional Functioning in Children

Recent research has demonstrated the importance of assessing the effects of marital disruption on the psychological functioning of children in the context of family characteristics and situations. However, few studies have been able to address this issue in a study of a community population. This article examines the effects of marital disruption on behavioral and emotional functioning in a cohort of thirdgrade children, using ratings of psychological functioning obtained at three time periods from multiple sources. The findings suggest that marital disruption has some negative consequences for children's adjustment in certain areas of functioning. The implications for mental health interventions are discussed.
An unusual nucleoporin-related messenger ribonucleic acid is present in the germ cells of rat testis.

An mRNA with a substantial similarity to the rat p62 mRNA that encodes a nucleoporin was cloned from the rat testis. A probe derived from a unique sequence in the nucleoporin-related (NPR) cDNA revealed a novel mRNA of 1.3 kb, different from the 2.7-kb transcript attributed to the p62 gene. This 1.3-kb transcript was not detected in Sertoli cells; it was found primarily in the haploid germ cells of the adult testis. The DNA sequencing revealed that the central region of the NPR cDNA sequence was identical to the 3' portion of the p 6 2 cDNA containing heptad repeat sequences. However, the 5' region and the extreme 3' region of the NPR cDNA sequence were different from the p62 cDNA. Interestingly, the extreme 3' untranslated region (UTR) contained a 212-bp inverted repeat of a sequence located in the middle of the NPR cDNA that is identical to the p62 sequence. The inverted repeats of the NPR sequence could potentially hybridize, leading to the formation of circular transcripts. Using antibodies specific for the C-terminal regions of p62, a 26-kDa protein was detected from NPR cDNA hybrid-arrested translational products, and a 28-kDa protein was detected from the testis germ cell extracts but not from Sertoli cell extracts.
Embedded nanowire window layers for enhanced quantum efficiency in window-absorber type solar cells like CdS/CdTe

Abstract Embedded CdS nanowires are used for improving the spectral transmission of the CdS window layer, thus enhancing the quantum efficiency of CdS–CdTe solar cells. Substantially higher light transmission is observed in the 300 nm–550 nm wavelength range. A nearly ideal spectral response of quantum efficiency over a wide spectral range provides evidence for improved light transmission through the window layer and enhanced absorption and carrier generation in the CdTe absorber layer. Nanowire CdS/CdTe solar cells on SnO 2 /ITO-soda lime glass substrates, and with Cu/graphite paste/silver paste as back contact electrodes, yield a power conversion efficiency of 12%. MoO 3− x /Au back contacts were also investigated. With these back contacts, the nanowire CdS–CdTe solar cells exhibit efficiency comparable to the efficiency of their planar CdS counterparts. Junction transport mechanisms are delineated for advancing the basic understanding of device physics at the interface. Our results prove the efficacy of this nanowire approach for enhancing the quantum efficiency in window-absorber type solar cells (CdS–CdTe, CdS–CIGS and CdS–CZTSSe etc.) and other optoelectronic devices.
Resonant microchannel volume and mass measurements show that suspended cells swell during mitosis.

Osmotic regulation of intracellular water during mitosis is poorly understood because methods for monitoring relevant cellular physical properties with sufficient precision have been limited. Here we use a suspended microchannel resonator to monitor the volume and density of single cells in suspension with a precision of 1% and 0.03%, respectively. We find that for transformed murine lymphocytic leukemia and mouse pro–B cell lymphoid cell lines, mitotic cells reversibly increase their volume by more than 10% and decrease their density by 0.4% over a 20-min period. This response is correlated with the mitotic cell cycle but is not coupled to nuclear osmolytes released by nuclear envelope breakdown, chromatin condensation, or cytokinesis and does not result from endocytosis of the surrounding fluid. Inhibiting Na-H exchange eliminates the response. Although mitotic rounding of adherent cells is necessary for proper cell division, our observations that suspended cells undergo reversible swelling during mitosis suggest that regulation of intracellular water may be a more general component of mitosis than previously appreciated.
Incidence and clinical sequelae of portal and hepatic venous thrombosis following percutaneous cryoablation of liver tumors.

To assess the incidence and sequelae of portal and hepatic venous thrombosis after percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumors. From November 1998 through December 2010, 223 hepatic tumors were cryoablated during 170 ablation procedures in 135 patients. 24-h post-procedure MR images were reviewed retrospectively by two abdominal radiologists in consensus to identify tumor ablations that developed one or more new portal or hepatic venous thromboses in or outside the ablation zone. On follow-up MRI and CT examinations the outcomes of thromboses were classified as resolved, partially recanalized, persistent, or propagated. Venous thrombosis developed in association with 54 (24%) of 223 tumor ablations treated during 53 (31%) ablation procedures in 39 (28.8%) patients (15 women, 24 men; age range 40–82 years, mean 59 years). Of these 54 thromboses, 49 (91%) were located in portal vein branches, four (7%) in both portal and hepatic vein branches, and one (2%) in a hepatic vein branch. Thrombosed veins were outside but abutted the ablation zone in 36 (66.7%), and within it in 18 (33.3%). On follow-up imaging (n = 49), thrombi resolved in 29 (59%), partially recanalized in two (4%), persisted in 18 (37%) and propagated from sub-segmental or segmental branches to the left or right portal branches in five (10%). No thrombus propagated to the main portal vein or inferior vena cava. Portal and hepatic vein branch thromboses are common in small branches following percutaneous cryoablation of hepatic tumors and most resolve spontaneously without sequelae.
Adsorption and reaction of methanol on stoichiometric and defective SrTiO3(100) surfaces.

The adsorption and reaction of methanol (CH3OH) on stoichiometric (TiO2-terminated) and reduced SrTiO3(100) surfaces have been investigated using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and first-principles density-functional calculations. Methanol adsorbs mostly nondissociatively on the stoichiometric SrTiO3(100) surface that contains predominately Ti4+ cations. Desorption of a monolayer methanol from the stoichiometric surface is observed at ∼250 K, whereas desorption of a multilayer methanol is found to occur at ∼140 K. Theoretical calculations predict weak adsorption of methanol on TiO2-terminated SrTiO3(100) surfaces, in agreement with the experimental results. However, the reduced SrTiO3(100) surface containing Ti3+ cations exhibits higher reactivity toward adsorbed methanol, and H2, CH4, and CO are the major decomposition products. The surface defects on the reduced SrTiO3(100) surface are partially reoxidized upon saturation exposure of CH3OH onto this surf...
Using a geographic information system to enhance patient access to point-of-care diagnostics in a limited-resource setting

Rapid and accurate diagnosis drives evidence-based care in health. Point-of-care testing (POCT) aids diagnosis by bringing advanced technologies closer to patients. Health small-world networks are constrained by natural connectivity in the interactions between geography of resources and social forces. Using a geographic information system (GIS) we can understand how populations utilize their health networks, visualize their inefficiencies, and compare alternatives. This project focuses on cardiac care resource in rural Isaan, Thailand. A health care access analysis was created using ArcGIS Network Analyst 10.1 from data representing aggregated population, roads, health resource facilities, and diagnostic technologies. The analysis quantified cardiac health care access and identified ways to improve it using both widespread and resource-limited strategies. Results indicated that having diagnostic technologies closer to populations streamlines critical care paths. GIS allowed us to compare the effectiveness of the implementation strategies and put into perspective the benefits of adopting rapid POCT within health networks. Geospatial analyses derive high impact by improving alternative diagnostic placement strategies in limited-resource settings and by revealing deficiencies in health care access pathways. Additionally, the GIS provides a platform for comparing relative costs, assessing benefits, and improving outcomes. This approach can be implemented effectively by health ministries seeking to enhance cardiac care despite limited resources.
Evaluation of the Potential Energy and Geometric Sizes of a Dislocation Crack

We study a dislocation crack in which a displacement jump is specified at one of its tips but the faces are closed at the other tip. The physical meaning of the problem is specified from the positions of fracture mechanics for a dislocation crack, which is associated with a mathematical model of a semiinfinite defect in solid body with an introduced extra plane of given thickness and a cut on its continuation. Within the framework of this model, we deduce an integral equation and find its solution, which enables us to establish the stress-strain state near the dislocation crack. As a result, we determine the geometric parameters and find the energy of a body weakened by the dislocation crack.
A DEVELOPMENTAL CONSTRAINT IN CERION, WITH COMMENTS ON THE DEFINITION AND INTERPRETATION OF CONSTRAINT IN EVOLUTION.

Since orthodox evolutionary theory is functionalist, constraints attain their most important positive meaning as channels of change imposed by historical and formal determinants, rather than by immediate natural selection. Since ontogeny is the usual locus of expression for these determinants, developmental constraint is an appropriate, general term. A particular developmental constraint in Cerion, most variable of West Indian land snails, stands out for two reasons: 1) it is simply and inexorably defined as a consequence both of formal principles (coiling of tube about axis) and of historical contingencies in Cerion's invariant allometry of growth; 2) it is pervasive in its influence, underlying major patterns of variation in every Cerion study I have ever undertaken. I refer to this pattern as the "jigsaw constraint." When whorls are large and final size is limited, adult shells must grow fewer whorls. In Cerion, this obvious fact is promoted from trivial to important because complex allometries impose a substantial set of further consequences for form upon this basic trade-off of whorl size and whorl number. I show that this complex of consequences dominates patterns of natural variation in Cerion at all levels (among shells within samples, between samples in the geographic variation of single species, and between species in multitaxon faunas). It also sets patterns of hybridization between taxa. This paper is primarily a compendium of such examples. It is designed to illustrate the importance of this constraint by the fundamental criterion of relative frequency.
Coronary Occlusion. II. Efficacy of Papaverine Hydrochloride in Treatment of Experimental Cardiac Infarction

ConclusionThe daily injection of papaverine hydrochloride (5 mg per kilo) into cats for 2 weeks did not alter significantly the size of the infarct resulting from the ligation of the left branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. It is suggested that because of the greatly variable amount of cardiac tissue involved in each ligation this method of study is too crude to detect any “clinical” improvement that the drug may have exerted.
Renicolid trematodes (digenea) from the renal tubules of birds.

The genus Renicola Cohn, 1904, was based on Monostoma pingue (Mehlis in Creplin, 1846) ; it is cosmopolitan in distribution and species have been found in the kidneys of birds belonging to various families. Cercaria rhodometopa , Perez, 1924, has a similar excretory system and the rhodometopous cercariae have been regarded as renicolid larvae, although attempts at experimental infections have so far proved futile. Cable (1963) reported that certain plagiorchid cercariae are larvae of renicolid species and postulated that species of Renicola may have two types of cercariae, either rhodometopous or plagiorchid larvae. Stunkard (1964) described plagiorchid cercariae from Thais lapiltus and their development in the renal tubules of gulls, Larus argentatus , to adults that were identified as a new species, Renicola thaidus . He noted that these cercariae are similar to others from Littorina spp., viz., Cercaria parvicaudata , Stunkard and Shaw, 1931, and Cercaria roscovita , Stunkard, 1932. Werding (1969) reported that metacercariae of C. roscovita developed in the kidneys of L. argentatus to adults identified as Renicola roscovita (Stunkard, 1932). He suggested the identity of C. roscovita and C. parvicaudata . Robson and Williams (1970) identified cercariae from Littorina littorea as Cercaria A ; the larvae agreed morphologically with C. roscovita , but attempts to infect juvenile L. argentatus , ducklings, chicks and various laboratory mammals failed. Repeated attempts by the writer to infect L. argentatus and other birds with metacercariae of C. parvicauda have given only negative results. The systematic position of the rhodometopodous cercariae is enigmatic, but the inclusion of such morphologically diverse types as the plagiorchid and rhodometopodous cercariae in a single genus controverts ideas of generic unity.
New approaches to transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapeutic option for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). This is due to the combined effect of chemo/radiation therapy and the immunologic graft-versus-leukemia effect. The field of HSCT has benefited from advances in a variety of "fronts," including our increasing ability to break the human leukocyte antigen barrier, which has led to greater access to transplantation. Furthermore, progress in the biologic, genetic, and pharmacologic arenas is creating a scenario where traditional borders between transplant and non-transplant therapies are less clear. This overlap is exemplified by new approaches to pharmacologic maintenance of remission strategies after HSCT. In addition, cellular adoptive immunotherapy has the potential to exploit narrowly targeted anti-tumor effects within or outside the allogeneic HSCT "frame," holding the promise of avoiding off target side effects, such as graft-versus-host disease. Here we discuss these and other lines of active investigation designed to improve outcomes of HSCT for AML.
Histologic Evidence for Arteriovenous Malformation-Like Vasculature Occurring within an Intracerebral Schwannoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background The phenomenon of intracerebral schwannoma is exceedingly rare, and its etiology still a matter of debate. No documented cases of intracerebral schwannoma containing vascular elements consistent with those of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) have been reported. We describe such a case here. Case Description A left temporal intraparenchymal lesion was discovered incidentally in a 34-year-old man after he suffered a mild trauma. The lesion was resected and found on histologic examination to be an intracerebral schwannoma with AVM-like vasculature. The patient made a full recovery after resection. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first case of an intracerebral schwannoma with AVM-like characteristics to be reported in the literature. We hypothesize that the co-occurrence of this rare pathologic entity is caused by an interrelated etiologic process, with the tumor microenvironment of the schwannoma inciting the development of the vascular malformation.
Coronary arteriovenous fistulae mimicking cardiovascular sequelae of Kawasaki disease

A case of coronary artery dilatation in childhood, initially attributed to Kawasaki disease, was determined by careful serial echocardiography to be the result of congenital coronary arteriovenous fistulae.