cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peptide-Mediated Deposition of Nanostructured TiO2 into the Periodic Structure of Diatom Biosilica and its Integration into the Fabrication of a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Device

Biological fabrication approaches were used to enhance the performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device stack for the conversion of light to electricity. Diatoms are single-celled algae that make silica shells called frustules that possess periodic structures ordered at the micro- and nanoscale. Nanostructured TiO2 was deposited onto the frustule biosilica of the diatom Pinnularia sp. Poly-L-lysine (PLL) conformally adsorbed onto surface of the frustule biosilica. The hydrolysis and condensation of soluble Ti-BALDH to TiO2 by PLL-adsorbed diatom biosilica deposited 0.77 ± 0.05 g TiO2/g SiO2 onto the diatom biosilica. The periodic pore array of the diatom frustule served as a template for the deposition of ~20 nm TiO2 nanoparticles, which completely filled the 200 nm frustule pores and also coated the frustule outer surface. This material was then integrated into the DSSC device stack. Specifically, a single layer of diatom-TiO2 frustules was deposited to surface coverage 100μg/cm2 on top of the 25 nm anatase TiO2 nanocrystal layer (2.5 mg/cm2) that was doctor-bladed onto conductive FTO glass. The composite structure was thermally annealed in air at 400 °C, followed by addition of N719 dye, I3-/3I- liquid electrolyte, and semi-transparent Pt back electrode sputter coated on FTO glass. The solar cell efficiency increased from 0.20% to 0.70% when the diatom-TiO2 layer was added to anatase TiO2 base layer of the semi-transparent device. The increase in efficiency cannot be attributed solely to the added TiO2, because the amount of TiO2 in the diatom-TiO2 layer contributed to only 3% of the total TiO2 in the device. Instead, it is proposed that the diatom-TiO2 layer may have helped to improve photon capture within the DSSC because of its periodic structure and high dielectric contrast.
Commentary: mechanoreceptors and nerve endings of the triangular fibrocartilage in the human wrist1

Cavalcante, Rodrigues, and Junior have contributed to our knowledge of the innervation of the rist joint by showing the pattern of neural endings within the triangular fibrocartilage. This is mportant information but not sufficient for designing a joint denervation surgery to treat the pain f injury to this structure. They have shown beautifully the different morphologic classes of eceptors in the triangular fibrocartilage and have linked them correctly with their neurophysioogic properties. It is not surprising that these receptors were identifiable because they have been ound by similar techniques in each location in which they have been sought: knee (1988), houlder (1992), ankle (1995), elbow (1998), and finger proximal interphalangeal and metaarpo-phalangeal joints (2000),. Table 1 facilitates these morphologic and neurophysiologic orrelations and relates them to the properties of the glabrous skin of the fingertips. The next step n designing procedures to help patients with pain from a joint is to document which nerve nnervates the portion of the joint capsule that contains those end-organs and free nerve terminals. t must be at the level of this peripheral nerve that our therapeutic intervention is performed. The prototypical approach to treatment of joint pain by denervation begins with the gross natomic description of the innervation of the joint, continues with the clinical demonstration that ain from this joint can be blocked by a local anesthetic, and concludes with the surgical nterruption of nerve function that must resolve the patient’s pain. This approach for partial wrist enervation was shown for the posterior interosseous nerve, and then for the anterior interosseus nerve for the treatment of radial-carpal and intercarpal pain. This approach also has been sed for the treatment of the painful knee joint, and most recently for the painful lateral ankle oint (sinus tarsi). The demonstration by Cavalcante et al that there are neural receptors in the triangular brocartilage now begs the question: which nerve or nerves innervate this cartilage? When we now that answer, which can only come from nerve blocks in patients with appropriate pain
Meta-DP: domain prediction meta-server

Summary: Meta-DP, a domain prediction meta-server provides a simple interface to predict domains in a given protein sequence using a number of domain prediction methods. The Meta-DP is a convenient resource because through accessing a single site, users automatically obtain the results of the various domain prediction methods along with a consensus prediction. The Meta-DP is currently coupled to 10 domain prediction servers and can be extended to include any number of methods. Meta-DP can thus become a centralized repository of available methods. Meta-DP was also used to evaluate the performance of 13 domain prediction methods in the context of CAFASP-DP. Availability: The Meta-DP server is freely available at http://meta-dp.bioinformatics.buffalo.edu and the CAFASP-DP evaluation results are available at http://cafasp4.bioinformatics.buffalo.edu/dp/update.html Contact: hkaur@bioinformatics.buffalo.edu Supplementary information: Available at http://cafasp4.bioinformatics.buffalo.edu/dp/update.html
Abstract 1463: PARP inhibition reverses radiation resistance conferred by ETS fusions in prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background: ETS gene fusions, which are found in approximately half of all prostate cancers, result in overexpression of ETS transcription factors, of which ERG is the prototype. We previously discovered that ERG interacts with the DNA damage response protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). Therefore, we hypothesized that the ERG-PARP1 interaction may confer radiation resistance by increasing DNA repair efficiency, and this radioresistance can be reversed with PARP1 inhibition. Methods: We used lentiviral approaches to establish isogenic models of ERG overexpression in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. We then assessed the role of ERG overexpression on 1) PARP1 activity (via immunoblots for poly ADP-ribose (PAR) formation), 2) DNA repair (via COMET assays and immunofluorescent microscopy for gamma-H2aX foci), and 3) clonogenic survival, before and following radiation +/− the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib. We also created ERG mutants with a point mutation (Y373) which disrupted the ERG-PARP interaction, and assessed the role of this interaction on radiation response. Finally, we established xenografts from ERG-overexpressing and control PC3 cells, and treated these xenografts with radiation +/− PARP1 inhibition. Results: In both PC3 and DU145 cells, ERG overexpression resulted in increased PARP1 activity and quicker repair of DNA damage, both of which were reversed with olaparib. ERG overexpression resulted in a 1.3 fold increase in clonogenic survival following radiation, consistent with radioresistance. PARP1 inhibition with olaparib preferentially radiosensitized ERG-positive cells, by a factor of 1.5 relative to ERG-negative cells (p<0.05). Additionally, disruption of ERG-PARP interaction via point mutation reversed the ERG-mediated increase in clonogenic survival following radiation. Within PC3 xenografts, ERG overexpression also conferred radioresistance which was reversed with PARP1 inhibition. Conclusions: In these prostate cancer cell models, ERG overexpression confers radiation resistance via increased efficiency of DNA repair following radiation. This radioresistance is dependent on the ERG-PARP1 interaction, and can be reversed via inhibition of PARP1 both in vitro and in vivo. These novel findings motivate the use of PARP1 inhibitors as radiosensitizers in patients with localized ETS fusion-positive prostate cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1463. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1463
Shame in Child Maltreatment: Contributions and Caveats

This special section is a collection of papers that investigates the role of shame in children with abuse histories. Relationships are found between abuse-specific shame or general shame proneness and a variety of outcomes. However, the relationships are not consistent. The utility of these findings will be enhanced by studies that use common measurement approaches and address similar outcomes, as well specific tests of intervention approaches that target shame.
Simultaneous Determination of 6 l-Arginine Metabolites in Human and Mouse Plasma by Using Hydrophilic-Interaction Chromatography and Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry

BACKGROUND: Macrophages and related cells are important cellular mediators of the innate immune system and play important roles in wound healing and fibrosis. Flux through different l-arginine metabolic pathways partially defines the functional behavior of macrophages. Methods to measure metabolites within the nitric oxide synthase/arginase pathways could provide insights into local and systemic inflammatory processes. METHODS: A targeted metabolomics approach was developed by using hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry to simultaneously measure l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, l-citrulline, l-ornithine, and l-proline in plasma from humans and mice. RESULTS: All analytes were quantifiable in human and mouse plasma with a small volume (25 μL), minimal sample preparation, and no derivatization. Patients with high plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein and mice with acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide had significant reductions of arginine metabolites in plasma compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: This new assay uses plasma metabolomic measurements to help provide new insights into metabolic changes coupled to the innate immune response. We identified significant changes in arginine metabolism in both humans and mice following an inflammatory stimulus. These changes were associated with decreased plasma arginine metabolite concentrations and increased methylated arginine concentrations.
Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles

An examination of the literature on conflict between work and family roles suggests that work-family conflict exists when: (a) time devoted to the requirements of one role makes it difficult to fulfill requirements of another; (b) strain from participation in one role makes it difficult to fulfill requirements of another; and (c) specific behaviors required by one role make it difficult to fulfill the requirements of another. A model of work-family conflict is proposed, and a series of research propositions is presented.
The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Pattern of Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Case-Control Study

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for development of coronary atherosclerosis. We examined the relationship between smoking and the anatomic location of coronary artery stenosis in 8,705 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). The smoking history of patients with CAD (greater than or equal to 70 percent stenosis) was compared with that of control subjects (0 percent stenosis) for each of nine anatomic locations (proximal, middle, and distal segments of right [RCA], anterior descending [LAD], and circumflex arteries [LCX]), using a case-control method. The odds ratio (OR) estimate of relative risk of CAD for smokers relative to nonsmokers was 2.8, with a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) of 2.5 to 3.1. Relative risk was greater for RCA stenosis (OR = 5.8; CI = 4.6-7.2) than for LCX (OR = 3.5; CI = 2.7-4.5) or LAD (OR = 2.1; CI = 1.8-2.4) lesions when comparing smokers with nonsmokers. After control for age, gender, history of diabetes mellitus, and serum cholesterol level, the adjusted relative risk for an RCA lesion (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio [MOR] = 4.9) was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) compared with the LAD (MOR = 1.9) but not with the LCX (MOR = 3.1). The relative risks of CAD were the same (p greater than 0.05) for the proximal, middle, and distal coronary segments. Thus, smoking increased the risk of all coronary lesions but did so more for the RCA than for other vessels, suggesting a spatial pattern to the increased risk produced by smoking.
Design layout of an isobar separator based on 5th order calculations

A scheme for carrying out numerical simulation of a multistage mass separator is described. The results of a calculated solution are summarized for the design of a high resolution separator for purifying beams at the isobaric level.
Electronic Transport in Graphene

This chapter provides an experimental overview of the electrical transport properties of graphene and graphene nanoribbons, focusing on phenomena related to electronics applications. Section 2.1 gives a brief description of the band structure. Section 2.2 discusses the effect of various scattering mechanisms in 2D sheets and nanoribbons and compares the characteristics of exfoliated and synthesized graphene. The physics of high-bias transport in graphene field effect transistors is described in Sect. 2.3. Section 2.4 gives a brief summary and outlook.
Second primary malignancies in renal cortical neoplasms: an updated evaluation from a single institution.

To examine the incidence of secondary primary malignancies in patients with renal cortical neoplasms. Between January 1989 and July 2010, 3647 patients underwent surgery at our institution for a renal cortical neoplasm and were followed through 2012. Occurrence of other malignancies was classified as antecedent, synchronous, or subsequent. All patients with antecedent malignancies (n = 498) and a randomly selected half of those with synchronous malignancies (n = 83) were excluded. The expected number of second primaries was calculated by multiplying Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program incidence rates of renal cortical neoplasms by person-years at risk within categories of age, sex, and year of diagnosis. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated as observed cancers divided by expected incidence of the cancer, with approximation to the exact Poisson test used to obtain confidence intervals (CI) and p values. Of 3066 patients with renal cortical neoplasms, 267 had a second primary cancer; the five most common in men were prostate, colorectal, bladder, lung, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; the five most common in women were breast, colorectal, lung, endometrium, and thyroid. Men demonstrated higher than expected thyroid cancer rate (SIR 5.0; 95 % CI 1.83–10.88, p = 0.002), and women had higher than expected rates of stomach cancer (SIR 5.0; 95 % CI 1.61–11.67, p = 0.004) and thyroid cancer (SIR 4.62; 95 % CI 1.69–10.05, p = 0.003). The incidence of certain types of second malignancies may be higher in patients after diagnosis of renal cortical neoplasms compared to the general population. These observations can inform clinical follow-up in kidney cancer survivorship and future research studies.
Urinary biotin analogs increase in humans during chronic supplementation : the analogs are biotin metabolites

In human subjects, the metabolic origins of bisnorbiotin and biotin sulfoxide were determined by measuring the urinary excretion of each after chronic administration of large oral doses of biotin. ...
Curative Effect of Acne Rosacea with Meilu Acne Removing Cream and Metryl

Objective To observe the curative effect on acne rosacea treated with Meilu acne removing and metroniolazole. Methods The treatment group was treated with Meilu acne removing and metryl 2/d for 4~8 weeks and control group was treated with Benzoyl peroxide. Results There was significant difference between two groups P0.01 at end of 4 week and 8 week(χ2=6.96,P0.01)(χ2=6.35,P0.01). Conclusion This method might be a good choice to treat acne rosacea that better than Benzoyl peroxide paste.
How to Use Big Data to Drive Your Supply Chain

Big data analytics has become an imperative for business leaders across every industry sector. Analytics applications that can deliver a competitive advantage appear all along the supply chain decision spectrum—from targeted location-based marketing to optimizing supply chain inventories to enabling supplier risk assessment. While many companies have used it to extract new insights and create new forms of value, other companies have yet to leverage big data to transform their supply chain operations. This article examines how leading companies use big data analytics to drive their supply chains and offers a framework for implementation based on lessons learned.
Pharmacological Inhibitors of Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Novel Bullets for Old Targets

Pharmacological inhibitors of vesicle trafficking possess great promise as valuable analytical tools for the study of a variety of biological processes and as potential therapeutic agents to fight microbial infections and cancer. However, many commonly used trafficking inhibitors are characterized by poor selectivity that diminishes their use in solving basic problems of cell biology or drug development. Recent high-throughput chemical screens intensified the search for novel modulators of vesicle trafficking, and successfully identified a number of small molecules that inhibit exocytosis and endocytosis in different types of mammalian cells. This chapter provides a systematic overview of recently discovered inhibitors of vesicle trafficking. It describes cellular effects and mechanisms of action of novel inhibitors of exocytosis and endocytosis. Furthermore, it pays special attention to the selectivity and possible off-target effects of these inhibitors.
Measuring Diagnostic Health Care Costs in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Should We Follow the Money?

Mark and colleagues' economic analysis revealed minimal cost differences between strategies directed by the use of coronary CTA versus functional testing. The editorialists discuss these findings, ...
US to USSR: American Experts, Irrigation, and Cotton in Soviet Central Asia, 1929–32

In the 1920s and 1930s, thousands of Americans traveled to the Soviet Union to help build the first socialist country in the world. American experts in the Soviet Union offered general scientific a...
Kepler + CometCloud

The widespread availability and variety of cloud offerings and their associated access models has drastically grown over the past few years. It is now common for users to have access to multiple infrastructures (e.g., campus clusters, cloud resources), however, deploying complex application workflows on top of these resources remains a challenge. In this paper we propose an approach that allows users to build and run scientific workflows on top of a federation of multiple clouds and traditional resources (e.g., clusters). We achieve this by integrating the Kepler scientific workflow platform with the CometCloud framework. This allows us to: 1) dynamically and programmatically provision and aggregate resources, 2) easily compose complex workflows, and 3) dynamically schedule and execute these workflows based on provenance and overall objectives on the resulting federation of resources. We demonstrate our approach and evaluate its capabilities by running a bioinformatics workflow on top of a federation composed of a campus cluster and two clouds.
Imaging of Traumatic Arterial Injuries to the Cervical Vessels

Trauma involving the cervical region can result in either blunt or penetrating injury to the cervicocerebral vessels, with attendant hemorrhagic and/or neurologic sequelae. The reported incidence of carotid or vertebral artery injury in all trauma patients is 1.2–1.6 %, with an associated risk of acute cerebral ischemia in 12–15 % of affected individuals. Blunt cervical vascular injury (BCVI) is increased in the setting of cervical spine, basilar skull, or severe facial fractures; spinal cord and traumatic brain injury; major thoracic injuries; and cervical hyperextension/rotation or hyperflexion. The vertebral artery is more commonly injured than the carotid artery because of its close proximity to bone as it runs through the intervertebral foramina. Twenty percent of BCVI patients, however, demonstrate none of these “classic” risk factors. Damage from penetrating cervical vascular injury (PCVI) trauma is less common than blunt trauma, with carotid and vertebral artery injuries accounting for only 3 % and 0.5 %, respectively, of arterial injuries in civilians.
Runaway and Homeless Sexual Minorities

This chapter evaluates the degree to which young people who identify themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual or transgender (LGBT) and those who are still questioning their own sexual identity are at increased risk of becoming a runaway, thrown-away, or homeless youth because of their minority sexual orientation. This chapter discusses the societal stigma, prejudice, discrimination, and social isolation and rejection that LGBT youth encounter because of their sexual orientation. Researchers have developed the term “gay-related stress (GRS)” to describe the chronic stresses that are related to stigmatizing minority sexual orientation victimization (SOV), e.g., harassment and physical violence suffered by individuals who are known to be LGBT or who divulge their sexual minority status. LGBT youth from disadvantaged racial and ethnic minority groups also may suffer additional chronic stress because of their racial and ethnic minority status. Their parents who are influenced by the dominant heterosexual norms and values of society may kick them out of their home or the LGBT youth may run away because of parental rejection and conflict over their sexual minority orientation. This chapter assesses the LGBT youth’s rates of running away, victimization, hate crimes, survival sex, and other high-risk behaviors. In this chapter, interventions for this population are also presented.
Short- and long-term outcomes from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension

Background There is a paucity of data regarding the safety and efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J). We evaluated adverse events related to PEG-J and determined the clinical impact of PEG-J in those with chronic pancreatitis (CP).
The Variediene-Forming Carbocation Cyclization/Rearrangement Cascade

An energetically viable (on the basis of results from density functional theory computations) pathway to the diterpene variediene is described. Only one of the three secondary carbocations along this pathway is predicted to be a minimum on the potential energy surface.
Combining arm and hand metrics for sensible grasp selection

In this paper we propose an approach to robot grasp prioritization based on a combined arm-and-hand metric. Most traditional approaches evaluate grasps based on hand-centric metrics such as force-closure, finger spread, contact surface area and similar measures. While these are certainly important factors to predict the robustness of a grasp, they do not carry information on the feasibility of the reaching action needed to execute the grasp. Based on our observations of physical pick-up experiments, we suggest that the execution success of a pick-up task is partially dependant on the easiness of the reaching movement. We present our metric, which combines 2 measures involving arm-kinematics and an existing hand heuristic metric. Results of simulated as well as physical experiments in our robot, Crichton, are presented.
Advances and Future Directions in Cardiac Pacemakers: Part 2 of a 2-Part Series

In the second part of this 2-part series on pacemakers, we present recent advances in pacemakers and preview future developments. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a potent treatment for heart failure in the setting of ventricular dyssynchrony. Successful CRT using coronary venous pacing depends on appropriate patient selection, lead implantation, and device programming. Despite optimization of these factors, nonresponse to CRT may occur in one-third of patients, which has led to a search for alternative techniques such as multisite pacing, His bundle pacing, and endocardial left ventricular pacing. A paradigm shift in pacemaker technology has been the development of leadless pacemaker devices, and on the horizon is the development of batteryless devices. Remote monitoring has ushered in an era of greater safety and the ability to respond to device malfunction in a timely fashion, improving outcomes.
Aurora-A mitotic kinase and induction of endocrine resistance through downregulation of erα expression in initially erα+ breast cancer cells.

2568 Background: Development of endocrine resistance during tumor progression represents a major clinical challenge in the management of ERα+ breast tumors and is an area under intense investigatio...
Predictors of Clinical Response and Remission at 1 Year Among a Multicenter Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Vedolizumab.

Vedolizumab (VDZ) has demonstrated long-term efficacy in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in phase III trials. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of VDZ at week 54 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a multicenter cohort of patients. Adult patients completing induction therapy with VDZ were eligible for this study. Clinical response and remission was assessed using the Harvey–Bradshaw Index (HBI) for CD, the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index for UC and physician assessment. Among 136 total patients (96 CD and 40 UC), 76 (56%) demonstrated clinical response or remission at week 54. In univariate analysis, for patients with CD concomitant initiation of immunomodulator therapy (2.71, 95% CI 1.11–6.57), the addition of an immunomodulator (OR 11.49, 3.16–41.75) and CRP < 3 (4.92, 95% CI 1.99–12.15) was associated with increased odds of clinical response or remission at week 54. For UC patients, hospitalization after VDZ induction was associated with decreased odds of response or remission at week 54 (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05–0.88). On multivariate analysis in CD, addition of an immunomodulator (OR 8.33, 95% CI 2.15–32.26) remained significant predictors of clinical response or remission at week 54. Among a multicenter cohort of patients with IBD demonstrating primary response to VDZ, the addition of combination therapy with an immunomodulator is a significant predictor of clinical response or remission at week 54 in patients with CD.
Platelets, circulating tumor cells, and the circulome

Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments generated by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and do not possess a nucleus. They contribute to the “Circulome” consisting of all circulating cells, factors and macromolecules such as cfDNA. Their primary function is to recognize vascular lesions and initiate thrombus formation that ceases bleeding. This distinctive characteristic of platelets also contributes to cancer and its progression. The ability of platelets to recognize and interact with other cells and neighboring platelets enables them to interact with tumor cells in the circulation. Receptor recognition and factor mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and platelets stimulate platelet activation, release of factors, and aggregation that promotes tumor cell survival and cancer progression. This review describes platelet: (i) contributions to the “Circulome” (ii) their importance as diagnostic tools in predicting cancer risk and (iii) therapies targeting platelet activation in inhibiting tumor progression and metastasis.
Five Core Attitudes

This chapter will discuss the five core attitudes creative people seem to possess: (1) Core attitude of Self-discipline about doing the creative work, which includes the presence of motivation; (2) core attitude of Naivete, or openness to experience; (3) core attitude of Risk-taking; (4) core attitude of Tolerance for Ambiguity; (5) core attitude of Group Trust.
Left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease assessed by gated tomographic myocardial perfusion images: Comparison with assessment by contrast ventriculography and first-pass radionuclide angiography

Objectives. This study evaluated the use of gated single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) myocardial perfusion images for determination of left ventricular ejection fraction. Background. Gated SPECT has expanded the applications of myocardial perfusion imaging to include the evaluation of left ventricular size, regional wall motion and regional systolic thickening. Accurate automated or semi-automated methods for quantitation of left ventricular ejection fraction from tomographic perfusion images would provide additional valuable clinical information. Methods. Rest gated SPECT was performed on the stress distribution of technetium-99m sestamibi, using eight frames per cardiac cycle. Mid-horizontal long-axis and vertical long-axis gated tomographic perfusion images were analyzed after digital matrix inversion, which enhances edge detection, for ejection fraction determination. These ejection fractions were compared with those determined by contrast ventriculography (n = 54, including 45 biplane and 9 single plane) and first-pass radionuclide angiography (n = 38) in patients with coronary artery disease. Results. Myocardial perfusion SPECT image inversion-derived ejection fractions were slightly lower (2.7 ejection fraction units, p Conclusions. Semiautomated ejection fractions can be obtained from gated SPECT technetium-99m sestamibi perfusion images using the image inversion technique. These results are reproducible and correlate well with results of first-pass radionuclide angiography but are closer in value to those obtained with contrast ventriculography.
Lamellar and bundled domain rotations in barium titanate

Cross-correlation of electron backscatter diffraction patterns has been used to generate rotation maps of single crystals of tetragonal barium titanate (BaTiO3) containing multiple lamellae and bundles of ≈ 90° domains. Rotation measurement angular resolutions of 0.1 mrad (0.006°) and spatial resolutions of 30 nm are demonstrated on structures with approximately 1 μm domains extending over 10s of μm. The material orientations demonstrated considerable microstructural dependence: c domains, with polarization perpendicular to a free surface, exhibited little within-domain rotation variation while a-domains, with polarization parallel to the surface, exhibited considerable within-domain variation, particularly in the larger lamellar domain structure. In both lamellar and bundled structures, the maximum a–c between-domain rotation was approximately equal to the value θr ≈ 0.63° (11 mrad) predicted by a rigid rotation of tetragonal BaTiO3 unit cells across the domain boundary. However, in both structures there was gradual variation in rotation throughout, especially adjacent to domain boundaries, suggesting that a rigid rotation model predicts too abrupt a unit cell and polarization rotation. A new BaTiO3 compound defect was deduced through identification of a double integral surface rotation 2θr. The double rotation is indicative of a low-angle grain boundary terminating at a surface by a confined 90° domain.
Putting First Things First: Moral Consensus for a Flourishing Economic Culture

In this chapter we reveal our hidden agenda: moral consensus. We do not think economics can or should restore the approach of earlier paradigms, each of which grew out of individual worldviews. We now live in a pluralistic world because we have rightly decided to stop using force to create coherent social worlds, and without such force, social worlds do not cohere in the same uniformity. We need a new approach for a new social world in which people do not all revere the same things. We propose consensus rather than uniformity. If we want to escape the Consumption paradigm, it is necessary for people who have different beliefs to agree with one another to some extent about transcendent moral claims that shape economic life.
Appearance of a T d * phase across the T d -1 T ' phase boundary in the Weyl semimetal MoTe 2

Using elastic neutron scattering on single crystals of ${\mathrm{MoTe}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{W}}_{x}{\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$ ($x\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.01$), the temperature dependence of the recently discovered ${T}_{d}^{*}$ phase, present between the low-temperature orthorhombic ${T}_{d}$ phase and high-temperature monoclinic $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ phase, is explored. The ${T}_{d}^{*}$ phase appears only on warming from ${T}_{d}$ and is observed in the hysteresis region prior to the $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ transition. This phase consists of four layers in its unit cell, and is constructed by an ``AABB'' sequence of layer stacking operations rather than the ``AB'' and ``AA'' sequences of the $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${T}_{d}$ phases, respectively. Though the ${T}_{d}^{*}$ phase emerges without disorder on warming from ${T}_{d}$, on cooling from $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ diffuse scattering is observed that suggests a frustrated tendency toward the ``AABB'' stacking.
A review of currently identified small molecule modulators of microRNA function

microRNAs are small, noncoding RNA that negatively regulate gene expression. Since their discovery in 1993, approximately 2500 human mature microRNAs have been discovered and details of their biogenesis, mechanism of action, and function has been studied. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has since been observed in numerous disease states particularly cancer, neurologic disorders, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Because of this, a strong interest in developing novel therapies that modulate microRNA function has emerged. Although, several strategies have been employed, small molecule drugs have shown great promise due their inherent stability, bioavailability, and cost-efficiency. In this review, we discuss the microRNA modulating small molecules that have thus far been identified in the literature and highlight the need for continued research in this field.
Two-Dimensional Quantum Antiferromagnet at Low Temperatures

We discuss the spin-dynamics in the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model and the related quantum nonlinear σ model on the square-lattice at zero and low temperatures. We use mainly numerical methods, including variational Monte Carlo, quantum Monte Carlo and exact numerical diagonalization techniques. We compare our results to those obtained by other techniques and to certain experimental data obtained on undoped copper-oxygen antiferromagnetic insulators. Effects of hole-doping are briefly summarized in the framework of the strong-coupling Hubbard model.
Topology optimization with nozzle size restrictions for material extrusion-type additive manufacturing

Topology optimization that is tailored to additive manufacturing constraints and possibilities is an important area of research with direct implications on solution manufacturability. This paper focuses on implementing the nozzle size constraint that is associated with most material extrusion-type additive manufacturing processes, such as fused filament fabrication and concrete 3D printing. The constraint is especially important for manufacturability in situations where the size of used nozzle is large in comparison with the size of the design domain. This paper suggests a new projection-based algorithm that embeds material extrusion-type primitives into the projection methodology used for material distribution approaches to topology optimization. Projection-based algorithms for continuum topology optimization have received considerable attention in recent years due to their ability to improve manufacturability in a flexible and computationally efficient manner. A formulation for single-directional primitives is presented and extended to allow the use of two-directional primitives that can simulate a more realistic nozzle movement. The proposed algorithms are demonstrated on 2D benchmark problems and are shown to satisfy the imposed nozzle size restrictions.
Urban to the bone: Isotopic and faunal dietary data from Formative-period Cerro Jazmín, Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, México

Abstract We investigate the dietary impact of urbanism on the population of Cerro Jazmin, a Late and Terminal Formative urban center in the Mixteca Alta region of Mexico (300 B.C.-A.D. 300). We reconstruct the urban diet from faunal analysis and isotopic results from 24 individuals recovered from formal burials. Bone collagen and bone and enamel apatite isotopic data provide C, N, and O values describing diet and breastfeeding patterns. Carbon values suggest a narrow diet heavily based on maize and little animal protein. Individuals 0–3 years of age had significantly higher nitrogen and oxygen values than adults, suggesting that these infants may have still been breastfeeding at the time of death. Weaning likely occurred between 3 and 5 years of age when C3 foods, perhaps squash, supplemented maize atole in the weaning diet. Isotopic and faunal evidence suggest that the Cerro Jazmin population did not supplement their diet by hunting or trapping wild animals. Instead, animal protein came from domesticated animals, mainly dogs that were fed a C4 rich diet. The data suggest that urban dwellers had little dietary autonomy and may have fully relied on the urban food production and distribution system for the bulk of their diet.
Readability, Quality, and Suitability of English-Language Internet Information about Children with Primary Speech and Language Disorders

Healthcare professionals and other stakeholders have expressed concerns about the quality of information provided by Internet-based sources. The current study examines the website origin, type of i...
Rarefied particle motions on hillslopes – Part 1: Theory

Abstract. We describe the probabilistic physics of rarefied particle motions and deposition on rough hillslope surfaces. The particle energy balance involves gravitational heating with conversion of potential to kinetic energy, frictional cooling associated with particle–surface collisions, and an apparent heating associated with preferential deposition of low-energy particles. Deposition probabilistically occurs with frictional cooling in relation to the distribution of particle energy states whose spatial evolution is described by a Fokker–Planck equation. The Kirkby number Ki – defined as the ratio of gravitational heating to frictional cooling – sets the basic deposition behavior and the form of the probability distribution fr(r) of particle travel distances r , a generalized Pareto distribution. The shape and scale parameters of the distribution are well-defined mechanically. For isothermal conditions where frictional cooling matches gravitational heating plus the apparent heating due to deposition, the distribution fr(r) is exponential. With non-isothermal conditions and small Ki this distribution is bounded and represents rapid thermal collapse. With increasing Ki the distribution fr(r) becomes heavy-tailed and represents net particle heating. It may possess a finite mean and finite variance, or the mean and variance may be undefined with sufficiently large Ki . The formulation provides key elements of the entrainment forms of the particle flux and the Exner equation, and it clarifies the mechanisms of particle-size sorting on large talus and scree slopes. Namely, with conversion of translational to rotational kinetic energy, large spinning particles are less likely to be stopped by collisional friction than are small or angular particles for the same surface roughness.
Healthcare Disparities in the Management of Acute Cholecystitis: Impact of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Factors on Cholecystectomy vs Percutaneous Cholecystostomy

While percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is a recommended treatment strategy in lieu of cholecystectomy (CCY) for acute cholecystitis among patients who may not be considered good surgical candidates, reports on disparities in treatment utilization remain limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic factors in treatment of acute cholecystitis. Patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis who underwent CCY versus PC were reviewed from the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2008-2014. Measured variables including age, race/ethnicity, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), hospital type/region, insurance payer, household income, length of stay (LOS), hospital cost, and mortality were compared using chi-square and ANOVA. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify specific predictors of cholecystitis treatment. A total of 1,492,877 patients (CCY:n=1,435,255 versus PC:n=57,622) were analyzed. The majority of patients that received PC were at urban teaching hospitals (65.2%). LOS was significantly longer with higher associated costs for PC [(11.1±11.0 versus 4.5±5.3 days; P<0.001) and ($99577±138850 versus $48399±58330; P<0.001)]. Mortality was also increased for patients that received PC compared to CCY (8.8% versus 0.6%; P<0.001). Multivariable regression demonstrated multiple socioeconomic and healthcare-related factors influencing the utilization of PC including male gender, Black or Asian race/ethnicity, Medicare payer status, urban hospital location, and household income (all P<0.001). Although patients receiving PC had higher CCI scores, multiple socioeconomic and healthcare related factors appeared to also influence this treatment decision. Additional studies to investigate these disparities are indicated to improve outcomes for all individuals with this condition.
Behavioral-Attention Phillips Curve: Theory and Evidences From Inflation Surveys

Abstract. I derive a theory of endogenous uncertainty and attention choice that can jointly account for two recent phenomena: (i) the flattening Phillips Curve and (ii) “well-anchored” inflation. In particular, I derive a Behavioral Attention Phillips Curve (BAPC) whose slopes on the output gap and inflation expectations decline when inflation is less uncertain. When inflation uncertainty is low, firms find it less costly to misperceive aggregate demand and inflation expectations, thus pay little attention to monetary shocks and change prices less. The dampened price response flattens the Phillips Curve. Inflation becomes more anchored with low uncertainty because costly attention motivates firms to rely more on “rules-of-thumb” such as the 2% inflation target. Using novel measures of inflation uncertainty constructed from surveys of inflation expectation, I show that the new Phillips Curve performs better both in-sample and out-of-sample than the traditional Phillips Curve with constant slope. Particularly, the BAPC does not generate the counterfactual prediction of large disinflation after the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis as does traditional Phillips Curves, resolving the Missing Disinflation Puzzle. I show that multiple equilibria arise with medium volatility due to the complementarity between pricing and attention choices. This gives rise to a novel policy paradox for the Central Bank and makes it hard to raise inflation in a quiet, low-volatility period.
Moving (For Your First Big-Kid Job!)

Sometimes landing your dream job has you suddenly packing up your life and changing locales. Whether you are planning on moving a town away or across the country after training, I found some basic guidelines and structure so important during this very stressful time. This chapter focuses on how to work around financing a big move, buying or renting property, and a basic checklist for essentials.
Progressive outer retinal necrosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is a necrotising retinal infection with secondary inflammation known to affect immunocompromised patients typically seen secondary to acquired immune defic...
Circumscribed Alopecia: An Unusual Manifestation of Pediculosis Capitis

A healthy 10-year-old girl was referred for evaluation of patchy hair loss on the scalp of longer than 6 months duration. She had been diagnosed and treated for head lice approximately 1 month before onset of the hair loss. Examination of the scalp showed discrete ovoid patches of hair loss at the vertex scalp. A scrape of the area of hair loss was performed, and a nit was visible on microscopic examination. Focal hair loss may represent an atypical manifestation of ongoing pediculosis capitis.
TCP/IP and security software applications

The TCP/IP protocol suite refers to a family of protocols. The designers of TCP/IP divided the job of a full protocol suite into a number of tasks delineated as layers (show in Figure 1 below). Each layer has a different, but specific task in communication. Conceptually, it is useful to envision the layers of TCP/IP as a stack. The first layer called the link layer is responsible for communicating with the actual network hardware (e.g., Ethernet card). The second, the network layer, is responsible for determining how to get data to its destination. This layer cannot guarantee that data will reach its destination, but does decide where data should be sent. The third, the transport layer, provides data flows to the application layer and data may be checked for reliability. The fourth, the application layer, is the level where users typically interact with the network and telnet, ftp, email, and IRC reside.
Succinate as a Growth Factor for Bacteroides melaninogenicus

Rumen strains of the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides melaninogenicus normally require medium supplemented with both heme and vitamin K. Sodium succinate was found to be an additional growth factor in that this compound can replace the requirement for heme in the presence of vitamin K, allowing good growth of the organism, and succinate can also partially replace the requirement for vitamin K in the presence of heme. The addition of succinate to a medium supplemented with both vitamin K and heme increases the growth rate of the culture. This ability to stimulate growth was specific for succinate, and cells grown without heme but with vitamin K and succinate were insensitive to cyanide. These experiments demonstrate a central role for succinate in the metabolism of B. melaninogenicus.
The prevalence of evidence-based practice by the Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist in the intervention planning process for client treatment

Currently, there is a paucity of research examining the extent to which evidence-based practice (EBP) is being used by the Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist (CTRS). The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of EBP used by the CTRSs in the National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTC) southern district of the United States. This observational study investigated the use of EBP in the intervention planning process for client treatment. A sample of 500 randomly selected CTRS from the National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) was surveyed, and 102 completed the survey, yielding a 20.4 percent response rate. The results clearly demonstrate that EBP is used at least some of the time by a majority of all CTRS. However, this survey indicates that EBP is not being used by most CTRS a majority of the time. Other results showed that only 27.7 percent of the respondents seek out research related to their clinical practice and evidence for validation 75 percent of the time or always. 31.7 percent apply research results to clinical practice 75 percent of the time or always. 33.7 percent use research to assist in developing recreation therapy (RT) intervention plans 75 percent of the time or always. 25.7 percent base their clinical decisions on research evidence 75 percent of the time or always, and 45.6 percent use RT interventions based on EBP 75 percent of the time or always. The goal of the RT profession should be to increase the use of research results and EBP so that all practicing CTRS are using them most, if not all of the time. EBP is a means toward effective client treatment which furthermore may aid in the survival and permanent inclusion of the RT profession in the healthcare world.