cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life events in depression Relationship to subtypes

Life events that had occurred in the 6 months before the onset of depression were recorded in 40 depressed patients and 41 normal controls. The depressed patients had experienced significantly more life events and significantly more undesirable life events than the controls. The 20 patients with a DSM-III diagnosed major depressive episode (MDE) without melancholia had experienced significantly more life events in the 6 months before the onset of depression than the 20 patients with a major depressive episode with melancholia. The patients with MDE without melancholia, but not the MDE with melancholia patients, had also experienced significantly more life events than a group of age- and sex-matched normal controls.
Sound sources and levels in the ocean

The standard definitions found in the American National Standards on Acoustics are applied to common sound sources used in both underwater acoustics research and naval sonar system operation. Recommended metrics are quantified for both continuous and transient sources of sound. Standard definitions are reviewed with theoretical sound source models. Requisite metrics are derived and applied to examples of energy sources of sound, such as transients from a small omnidirectional explosive, an air gun, a light bulb, and a dolphin click. A generic quantitative model of surface ship sonar system emissions is developed. Active sonar transmissions are analyzed with the requisite quantitative metrics required to characterize these emissions. These results should be useful in environmental assessments, biological experiments, and the sonar system design
Possible explanations for children's literal interpretations of homonyms

This study was designed to examine factors associated with literal interpretations of homonyms. Participants were 212 second graders, ages 7;0–8;11, who listened to a story containing 16 key words. The key words were homonymous words (‘pseudo-homonyms’), nonsense words, or familiar words used accurately. While listening to the story, children selected an illustration of each key word. Later, they were asked to recall the key words and to justify their picture selections. There was no association between interpretation and recall accuracy for nonsense words or familiar words used accurately; however, children who accurately recalled a homonymous key word were more likely to interpret the homonym ‘literally,’ relative to children who failed to recall the key word. Yet most of the children who correctly interpreted the pseudo-homonyms also correctly interpreted these key words. Most children correctly recalled the story context regardless of key word type, but whereas correct recall of context predicted accurate interpretation of nonsense words and familiar words used accurately, it did not do so for homonyms. Children made equivalent numbers of literal and accurate interpretations of homonyms, even when correctly recalling context. Children's justifications for their word interpretations implicated the role of metacognitive skills, particularly in terms of selective attention, as a factor influencing homonym interpretation.
Training a general purpose deformable template

We propose a general purpose deformable template that can be used to recognize images of different classes of objects. We demonstrate a method by which prior information about a class of objects can be systematically incorporated into the template to form a model for the class. This is done by having two separate levels of parameterization: a set of prior variables whose values specify a prior model, and a set of configuration variables which can be varied to match a model to a specific image. When trained on a set of faces, the template successfully distinguished between face and non-face, as well as between different faces. >
Mechanisms of endothelin-1-induced contraction in pulmonary arteries from chronically hypoxic rats

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Previously we demonstrated that contraction induced by ET-1 in intrap...
King Alfonso and the Wild West: Medieval Hispanic Law On the U.S. Frontier

"Medieval Encounters" include not only interaction between cultures, but also within cultures between widely separated time periods, and even influence by a medieval past upon a present culture or subculture. This can take the form of an evolution from past technologies or mentalities into the present, or even the development of merely analogous modern patterns quite different from the medieval to surface observation. One such artifact was the massive thirteenth-century Romanized law code of Alfonso X the Learned of Castile, called the Siete partidas, that survived within and alongside later Romanized codes throughout the Spanish empire, to acquire "the widest territorial force ever enjoyed by any law book." The medieval Partidas also became a living and formative presence even within the contrasting system of Common Law prevailing in U.S. jurisprudence, particularly in large regions like California, Texas, and Louisiana. This medieval artifact has variously manifested itself during the past century and still emerges in surprising ways in our courts, a relatively invisible ghost from the ancient past inviting study by both medievalists and Americanists, with implications for environmentalism, women's rights, and resource control.
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy Complicated by Quadruplets

Poster Presentation Background The diagnosis of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) prior to surgical incision is critical. Case A 26‐year‐old G2P1 woman pregnant with quadruplets at 32 weeks gestation presented to triage with general malaise, pain in the right thigh, and feeling unwell. The woman had normal range blood pressures and no complaint of visual changes, epigastric pain, or jaundiced appearance. She was admitted for observation to rule out deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Routine labs were ordered with a comprehensive metabolic panel that indicated high enzymes, low platelets, and low hemoglobin and hematocrit (H&H). The decision to proceed with delivery was made due to diagnosis of HELLP syndrome. Clotting studies and a disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) panel were ordered and drawn at this time. The woman was sent to the operating room (OR) for delivery and prepped for an epidural. The diagnosis of AFLP was made in the OR. The procedure was stopped prior to epidural placement, and the woman was moved back to the obstetric intensive care unit for correction of coagulopathy. Consultation was initiated with transfusion medicine and transfusion of 12 units apheresis platelets, two units of packed red blood cells (PRBC), 16 pooled cryoprecipitated anti‐hemophilic factor (cyro), two jumbo fresh frozen plasma (FFP) units, and six liquid plasma units was ordered. We increased fibrinogen from 60 to 347 during the course of 6 hours, and the decision was made to move the woman to the OR and proceed with the cesarean with an intraoperative transfusion of three apheresis platelets, two units of PRBCs, six pooled cyros, and two jumbo FFP units. The delivery of the quadruplets and delivery of placenta were successful with good hemostasis. The woman experienced a total estimated blood loss of 1400 ml. After birth, the quadruplets were transported to the NICU, and the women was ventilated and placed in the obstetric intensive care unit. Careful evaluation for renal failure, hepatic encephalopathy, and/or other sequelae of AFLP was ongoing. The woman was extubated 24 hours postoperatively with stable renal function and urine output. Conclusion On postoperative day 2, the woman began to experience agitation, deterioration in mental status, and decreased ability to communicate. Fibrinogen decreased from 327 to 225, international normalized ratio (INR) increased from 2.2 to 2.5, ammonia increased from 33 to 51, and creatinine was 2.60. A care team including renal specialists, critical care providers, maternal/fetal medicine and obstetric intensive care unit nurses agreed to transfer the woman to a long‐term acute care facility with an in‐house live transplant team for ongoing support and care. The diagnosis of AFLP prior to surgical incision proved critical to this woman's survival. The multidisciplinary care team worked together to provide optimal care and prevented what could have been a dire outcome.
Report of a patient with severe, chronic lactic acidaemia and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.

SUMMARY A patient suffering from severe lactic acidaemia due to pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is presented. The clinical picture is different from the full-blown Leigh's disease. The child had severe mental retardation, muscular hypotonia and abundant subcutaneous fat. As could be expected in defective neoglucogenesis, hypoglycaemia was provoked by prolonged fasting. Besides high urinary concentrations of lactic acid, increased concentrations of malic, fumaric, succinic and α-ketoglutaric acids were observed. All therapeutic attempts towards treatment of the severe hyperlactacidaemia have been unsuccessful. RESUME Un patient souffrant dune lactacidŕmie grave provoquŕe par un dŕficit en pyruvatecarboxylase est prŕsentŕ. Le tableau clinique est diffŕrent de celui de la maladie de Leigh floride. Une arriŕration mentale sŕvŕre, une hypotonie musculaire et une accumulation excessive de graisse souscutanŕe etaient prŕsentes. Comme on pourrait s'attendre lors dune trouble de la nŕoglucogŕnese une hypoglycŕmie ŕtait provoquŕe par une pŕriode de jeune prolongŕe. A cotŕ dune excrŕtion urinaire massive dacide lactique des concentrations ŕlevŕes dacide malique, fumarique, succinique et α-cŕtoglutarique ŕtaient prŕsentes. saure Fumarsaure, Bernsteinsaure und α-ketoglutarsaure festgestellt. Toutes les mesures thŕrapeutiques, visant a diminuer la lactacidŕmie, ont ŕchouŕ. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ein Patient mit schwerer Milchsaureazidamie infolge Pyruvat Carboxylase Mangels wird beschrieben. Das klinische Bild unterscheidet sich von der komplett entwickelten Leigh Krankheit. Eine schwere geistige Unterentwicklung, Muskelschwache und starke subkutane Fettbildung wurden festgestellt. Wie erwartet im Fall einer mangelhaften Gluconeogenese, wurden Hypoglykamien durch langeres Fasten verursacht. Im Urin wurden, neben hohen Milchsaurekonzentrationen, erhohte Konzentrationen von Apfelsaure, Alle therapeutische Ma snahmen in der Behandlung dieser schweren Hyperlaktatazidamie waren nicht erfolgreich. RESUMEN Puciente con acidemiu lactica cronicu grave y deficencia de piruvato carboxitasa Se describe un paciente que sufria de acidemia lactica grave debido a una deficiencia de piruvato carboxilasa. El cuadro clinico es diferente de la enfermedad de Leigh. Presentaba un retraso mental grave, hipotonia muscular y una abundante grasa subcutanea. Tal como podia esperarse en un defecto de la neoglucogŕnsis, la hipoglicemia era provocada por un ayuno prolongado. Ademas de una alta concentracion urinaria de acido Iactico, se observo un aumento en la concentracion de los acidos malico, fumarico, succinico y α-cetogiutarico. Todas las tentativas terapŕuticas encaminadas al tratamiento de la hiperlactacidemia grave no han dado resultado.
Clinical and Pathological Features Predictive of Nephrectomy at Post-Chemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection

Purpose: We determined the clinical and pathological features associated with nephrectomy at post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the testis cancer database from 1980 to 2007 to identify all patients treated with post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Patients with pure seminoma and nongerm cell histology were excluded from study. A total of 1,807 patients were identified, of whom 17 without recorded mass size were excluded from further study. Pathological and clinical variables were assessed by bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of nephrectomy at post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.Results: The overall incidence of nephrectomy at post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was 14.8% (265 of 1,790 cases). The incidence of nephrectomy was 17.0%, 18.9%, 13.6% and 8.0% in 1980 to 1988 (group 1), 1989 to 1997 (group 2), 1998 to 2002 (group 3...
Alternative chemical modifications reverse the binding orientation of a pharmacophore scaffold in the active site of macrophage migration inhibitory factor.

Pharmacophores are chemical scaffolds upon which changes in chemical moieties (R-groups) at specific sites are made to identify a combination of R-groups that increases the therapeutic potency of a small molecule inhibitor while minimizing adverse effects. We developed a pharmacophore based on a carbonyloxime (OXIM) scaffold for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a protein involved in the pathology of sepsis, to validate that inhibition of a catalytic site could produce therapeutic benefits. We studied the crystal structures of MIF·OXIM-based inhibitors and found two opposite orientations for binding to the active site that were dependent on the chemical structures of an R-group. One orientation was completely unexpected based on previous studies with hydroxyphenylpyruvate and (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1). We further confirmed that the unexpected binding mode targets MIF in cellular studies by showing that one compound, OXIM-11, abolished the counter-regulatory activity of MIF on anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid action. OXIM-11 treatment of mice, initiated 24 h after the onset of cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis, significantly improved survival when compared with vehicle-treated controls, confirming that inhibition of the MIF catalytic site could produce therapeutic effects. The crystal structures of the MIF inhibitor complexes provide insight for further structure-based drug design efforts.
Updated Inventory and Assessment of Curbs and Gutters in Denver, Colorado

AbstractThe curb and gutter inventory of the city and county of Denver was established in 2004. The current round of data collection was initiated in the summer of 2011. The equipment used in previous data collection was good, but some significant problems were uncovered during the collection process. Updated more economical units including a Panasonic Toughbook tablet computer and Arc geographic information system (ArcGIS) program are being utilized in current inspection. By the end of 2012, 2,647 km (1,645 mi) out of 5,311 km (3,300 mi) of curbs and gutters had been inspected. Previously developed simplified condition index (SCI) was employed and calculated for the completed inventory to examine the overall condition of curbs and gutters. By comparing the data in 2004 and 2012 for 8,000 common streets, the overall SCI dropped approximately 3.8 over about a period of eight years. It indicates a deteriorating rate of approximately 0.5 SCI per year.
Influence of tree growth on spray chemical deposits on peach leaves

A 50-fold increase in peach tree growth over a 98-day spraying season resulted in a 64 and 96% reduction in nigrosine dye deposit in the periphery and centre of the tree, respectively. Drift from spraying of adjacent rows made a significant contribution (18-39%) to the total chemical deposit in the tree periphery in four of six applications. Drift between rows was not a factor in centre tree deposit, except for a 38% contribution in the initial application (...)
Measurement and calibration of differential Mueller matrix of distributed targets

A rigorous method is presented for calibrating polarimetric backscatter measurements of distributed targets. By characterizing the radar distortions over the entire mainlobe of the antenna, the differential Mueller matrix is derived from the measured scattering matrices with a high degree of accuracy. It is shown that the radar distortions can be determined by measuring the polarimetric response of a metallic sphere over the main lobe of the antenna. The radar distortions are categorized as distortions caused by the active devices or distortions caused by the antenna structure (passive). Since passive distortions are immune to changes once they are determined, they can be used repeatedly. The active distortions can be obtained by measuring the sphere response only at boresight, reducing the time required for calibration under field conditions. The calibration algorithm was applied to backscatter data collected from a rough surface. The results indicate that removal of the radar distortions from the cross products of the scattering matrix elements cannot be accomplished with traditional calibration methods. >
Assessing Racial Health Inequality in Older Adulthood: Comparisons From Mixed-Mode Panel Interviews

Objectives. Estimates of the extent of health disparities among Black and White older adults are not consistent across studies. The purpose of this study was to systematically compare responses from Black and White older adults in telephone and face-to-face interviews in order to determine whether estimates of racial health inequality vary by survey interview mode. Methods. By using data from a mixed-mode panel study, I compared estimates of changing health inequality for Black and White older adults collected from face-to-face and telephone interviews. I calculated trajectories of physical disability by using latent growth models across seven waves of data. Results. Face-to-face interviews yielded consistently higher reports of disability relative to telephone interviews of the same persons. Black adults had significantly greater and increasing disability than did White adults for both interview modes. After adjusting for covariates, I found that Black and White older adults had parallel disability trajectories in face-to-face interviews but a widening gap in disability over time in telephone interviews. Discussion. Researchers should judiciously consider whether estimates of racial health inequality-and change in disability more broadly-may be misleading because of interview-mode effects.
Copyright, the Internet, and other legal issues

Copyright and other intellectual property issues have dominated discussions of legal issues surrounding the Internet. There are other issues of considerable importance that also attract considerable attention. This article addresses five legal issues affecting the Internet: Copyright, online service provider liability, database protection, obscenity, and privacy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Breaking Down the Barriers to Pediatric Procedural Preparation

Children experience frequent medical pain, which can have short- and long-term negative repercussions. Fortunately, preparation programs and behavioral interventions have been developed to minimize procedural anxiety and pain, and offset delayed negative effects of the medical stressors on children. Translating these empirical findings into practice has been a struggle due to a number of barriers, including myths and negative attitudes about children's pain, costs of the preparation programs, time needed to implement interventions, lack of cross-disciplinary collaboration, and insular training of professionals. This commentary explores these and other impediments to dissemination of research findings and offers a number of potential solutions and future directions to facilitate putting evidence-based pain management preparation and intervention programs into medical practice.
Placenta previa percreta with fetal survival

A case of placenta previa percreta accompanied by massive hemorrhage is described. Both the mother and fetus survived. Anticipation of this rare obstetric condition is both possible and essential for optimum management.
Diversification of Regional Marketing Cooperatives

Several definitions of diversification exist. Typically, the concept is dynamic and refers to the relationship among various activities or enterprises in which the firm is engaged. As new activities are acquired by a firm from some existing base of activities, complementarity of the newly acquired activity relative to the existing base is subjectively determined. Judgment is rendered on whether the result represents diversification or conglomeration.Conventional wisdom has not succinctly differentiated between diversification and conglomeration. Some writers have considered conglomeration a special case of diversification [2, 7]. For purposes of this paper, this taxonomic argument need not be settled.
Establishing documentary production support for 21st century campuses

As a response to the growing trend of academic assignments that involve some type of video production, this paper advocates that campuses need to provide instructional as well as technical support for such projects. Universities invest in writing centers to help cultivate writing skills because they understand that providing the latest word processing programs doesn't ensure students become better writers. Similarly, students with flip/cell video cameras and editing software are not likely to produce quality projects without guidance and thus need a similar network of support for these 21st century forms of communication. This paper presents a model for offering documentary services to entire campus communities - including technology, technique, and pedagogical considerations that lead to educational film productions with strong academic content and integrity.
Evaluating the Construct Validity of Adult ADHD and SCT Among College Students A Multitrait-Multimethod Analysis of Convergent and Discriminant Validity

Objective: To advance our understanding of adult ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), the present study investigates their construct validity by exploring the nature of trait- and method-related variance in self- and parent-ratings of ADHD and SCT. Method: Using a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) design, response variance in college undergraduates’ (n = 3,925) and a subset of their parents’ (n = 2,242) ratings was decomposed into method, trait, and error-specific variance. Results: Global evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was supported, but parameter-level comparisons suggest that method effects, situational specificity, and ADHD’s core feature—inattention—are prominent. Conclusion: This investigation offers two important conclusions: (a) SCT appears to be a related but separate factor from ADHD; and (b) self- and parent-ratings of emerging adult ADHD exhibit low to moderate correlations and support the situational specificity hypothesis, suggesting that multiple raters should be consulte...
Predicting web spam with HTTP session information

Web spam is a widely-recognized threat to the quality and security of the Web. Web spam pages pollute search engine indexes, burden Web crawlers and Web mining services, and expose users to dangerous Web-borne malware. To defend against Web spam, most previous research analyzes the contents of Web pages and the link structure of the Web graph. Unfortunately, these heavyweight approaches require full downloads of both legitimate and spam pages to be effective, making real-time deployment of these techniques infeasible for Web browsers, high-performance Web crawlers, and real-time Web applications. In this paper, we present a lightweight, predictive approach to Web spam classification that relies exclusively on HTTP session information (i.e., hosting IP addresses and HTTP session headers). Concretely, we built an HTTP session classifier based on our predictive technique, and by incorporating this classifier into HTTP retrieval operations, we are able to detect Web spam pages before the actual content transfer. As a result, our approach protects Web users from Web-propagated malware, and it generates significant bandwidth and storage savings. By applying our predictive technique to a corpus of almost 350,000 Web spam instances and almost 400,000 legitimate instances, we were able to successfully detect 88.2% of the Web spam pages with a false positive rate of only 0.4%. These classification results are superior to previous evaluation results obtained with traditional link-based and content-based techniques. Additionally, our experiments show that our approach saves an average of 15.4 KB of bandwidth and storage resources for every successfully identified Web spam page, while only adding an average of 101 microseconds to each HTTP retrieval operation. Therefore, our predictive technique can be successfully deployed in applications that demand real-time spam detection.
Influence of Breed Type, Sex, Feeding Systems, and Muscle Bundle Size on Bovine Fiber Type Characteristics

Fiber type numbers, percentages and diameter were evaluated in two experiments. Experiment 1 contained Angus and Angus cross cattle consisting of 48 steers and 48 heifers with half of each sex fed grain while the other half were fed grain-on-grass. Experiment 2 contained 12 Angus and 12 Simmental cross steers slaughtered at four feeding system endpoints. Steers tended to have a higher percentage of βR and a lower percentage of αW fibers than heifers; The percentage of βR fibers increased in the longissimus and semi-membranosus, while the αW fibers decreased. The percentage of αW fibers in the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles increased over the longer feeding period while the percentage βR tended to decrease. Breed appeared to have little effect on histological traits in the longissimus and semimembranosus muscles. Bundle size had no effect on fiber type diameter; however, in all muscles there was a tendency for the βR population to increase as bundle size increased.
Determining osteoporosis risk in older Colono adults from rural Amazonian Ecuador using calcaneal ultrasonometry

Objective Low bone density and osteoporosis prevalence, while well-documented in wealthy nations, are poorly studied in rural, non-clinical contexts in economically developing regions such as Latin America. This study contributes preliminary osteoporosis risk data for a rural Colono (mestizo) population from Amazonian Ecuador. Methods Anthropometrics were collected for 119 adult participants (74 females, 45 males [50–90 years old]). Heel bone density and T-scores were recorded using calcaneal ultrasonometry Results Approximately, 33.6% of the participants had low bone density and were at high-risk for osteoporosis. Four times as many females as males were considered high-risk. Consistent with epidemiological literature, advancing age was significantly associated with lower bone density values (P = 0.001). Conclusions Low bone density and osteoporosis prevalence are expected to increase in this and other economically transitioning populations, yet infrastructure to monitor this changing epidemiological landscape is almost non-existent. Human biologists are uniquely positioned to contribute data from remote populations, a critical step toward initiating increased resource allocation for diagnosis and prevention. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:139–142, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silurian and Devonian coral zones in the Great Basin, Nevada and California

Charles W. Merriam studied Paleozoic stratigraphy and paleontology of Great Basin rocks for four decades. This culminated in 1973–1974 with the publication of four important monographs on the systematics and biostratigraphy of Silurian and Devonian rugose corals in the area. Merriam died in 1974 before completing work on the Late Devonian corals and without attempting to relate his coral zones to zones based on other biologic groups. Merriam described the rugose corals of 12 coral zones and based his age assignments almost entirely on a comparison of the Great Basin corals with those known from other areas of the world. Analysis of associated invertebrate fossils shows that some of Merriam's age assignments were in error. In this paper, we discuss the relationships of the coral zones to those based on brachiopods, conodonts, and graptolites; we assign three of Merriam's zones to the Silurian, six to the Early Devonian, and three to the Middle Devonian. Merriam designated two additional (higher) zones, but he did not describe the included corals. These two zones are noted, and lists of Great Basin rugose coral genera of Late Devonian age are presented herein to complete this review of the coral succession in a major North American area.
Ambient and breaking roughness of the ocean surface

Local wind-generated surface roughness can be decomposed into ambient component, surface wave geometric contribution (the mean square slope) and breaking wave contribution (the breaking roughness). Only the last two components can be attributed to local wind condition for remote sensing considerations. The ambient roughness level is estimated to be between 0.01 and 0.02 from altimeter data. The rate of increase of breaking roughness with wind speed is much faster than the counterpart of the mean square slope of wave geometry. In high wind conditions, breaking roughness contribution may exceed the wind-wave geometrical contribution. The data of Cox and Munk (1954) collected in clean and slick conditions, and newer data of filtered surface roughness derived from spaceborne altimeter are analyzed to provide a quantitative description of the breaking roughness.
DSM-5 Field Trials in the United States and Canada, Part III: Development and Reliability Testing of a Cross-Cutting Symptom Assessment for DSM-5

ObjectiveThe authors sought to document, in adult and pediatric patient populations, the development, descriptive statistics, and test-retest reliability of cross-cutting symptom measures proposed for inclusion in DSM-5.MethodData were collected as part of the multisite DSM-5 Field Trials in large academic settings. There were seven sites focusing on adult patients and four sites focusing on child and adolescent patients. Cross-cutting symptom measures were self-completed by the patient or an informant before the test and the retest interviews, which were conducted from 4 hours to 2 weeks apart. Clinician-report measures were completed during or after the clinical diagnostic interviews. Informants included adult patients, child patients age 11 and older, parents of all child patients age 6 and older, and legal guardians for adult patients unable to self-complete the measures. Study patients were sampled in a stratified design, and sampling weights were used in data analyses. The mean scores and standard d...
Blending domain estimates from two victimization surveys with possible bias

Dual frame survey methods are popular for blending estimates from two independent surveys that measure the same quantities. The relative weights assigned to observations from the surveys may be used for direct small domain estimates. In this paper, we explore methods for small domain estimation from two surveys when one survey may be biased relative to the other. These methods are explored in the context of a proposed new companion survey for the US National Crime Victimization Survey. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 679–696; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada Les methodes d'enquete a base de sondage double sont populaires pour combiner les estimations provenant de deux enquetes independantes qui mesurent les memes quantites. Les poids relatifs donnes aux observations des enquetes peuvent etre utilises directement pour produire les estimations de petits domaines. Dans cet article, nous explorons des methodes pour l'estimation de petits domaines a partir de deux enquetes lorsqu'une enquete peut avoir un biais par rapport a l'autre. Ces methodes sont explorees dans un contexte d'une nouvelle enquete accompagnant l'enquete americaine sur la victimisation criminelle. La revue canadienne de statistique 40: 679–696; 2012 © 2012 Societe statistique du Canada
The Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Implant: Expanding Indications in Vitreoretinal Disease

Corticosteroids play an important role in the therapeutic approach to vitreoretinal disease. The Ozurdex implant (DEX Implant 0.7 mg, Ozurdex, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) offers sustained release of dexamethasone in the vitreous cavity, and this novel drug delivery system has proven useful both in improving clinical outcomes and in reducing injection burden. While the Food and Drug Administration approves the use of the DEX implant in retinal vein occlusions and non-infectious posterior uveitis, its utilization continues to expand in its breadth of diversity across myriad vitreoretinal conditions. Additionally, modified injection techniques are evolving to improve the safety profile of the DEX implant in eyes that are often considered to have relative contraindications to its use, further extending its application. This review aims to evaluate the evidence supporting the expanding indications and injection techniques of the DEX sustained-release implant in vitreoretinal disease, and explores potential future indications for its use. Arenas for future research are also identified to further elucidate the precise role of the DEX implant in our current treatment model. Increased awareness of effective and safe uses of the DEX implant can refine our therapeutic approach to vitreoretinal disease and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
A BENZODIAZEPINE MOOD EFFECT SCALE: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY DETERMINED FOR ALCOHOL-DEPENDENT SUBJECTS AND ADULTS WITH A PARENTAL HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM

The Tufts Addiction Research Center Inventory—Morphine Benzedrine Group (ARCI-MBG) scale was designed to measure benzodiazepine-induced mood elevation. The reliability and validity of the Tufts ARCI-MBG scale were determined in 64 subjects with a history of alcoholism (HA), a positive history of parental alcoholism, defined as one or both parents meeting DSM-III-R criteria for alcohol dependence (PHP), and matched control subjects. Significant correlations were found for within-day Tufts ARCI-MBG scale scores for all groups and for between-day scores for PHP and matched control subjects. Interitem reliability was significant for pooled baseline scores. For HA subjects, correlations between mean Tufts ARCI-MBG scale and Drug Liking scores that were obtained after either alprazolam or diazepam administration were significant. These results suggest that the Tufts ARCI-MBG scale is a reliable test that is a valid measure of benzodiazepine-induced mood elevation.
The laws will fall silent : Ex Parte Quirin, a troubling precedent for military commissions.

THE LAWS WILL FALL SILENT: EX PARTE QUIRIN, A TROUBLING PRECEDENT FOR MILITARY COMMISSIONS" BRAD P. LUEBBERT APRIL 13 2010 For over two hundred years a major issue in the history of the United States is the contentious issue of military commissions. Military commissions are not new or specific to the United States, but the United States traces its first military commission to the trial of a British officer, Major John Andre in September 1780. This thesis is about the trial of Nazi saboteurs before a military commission and their battle before the United States Supreme Court. A fight pitting civil liberties and due process versus national security during the time of war and crisis in the United States during World War II that resulted in the Supreme Court's Ex Parte Quirin decision in 1942 which established a dangerous and troubling precedence. The Nazi saboteur case of July 1942 was not a snapshot in time but a precedent that the United States is dealing with at the present time. This thesis demonstrates that a pattern exists concerning civil liberties and national security in the United States. The federal government in times of war and crisis, restrict civil liberties in the name of national security, and only after the crisis passed, do policy makers acknowledge error. Ex parte Quirin is a reminder about the need for balance between rights and liberties in the context of war-time.
The Modeling of Step Costs: Bringing Reality to Classroom Simulations

Users of business exercises involving manufacturing operations expect these exercises to relate closely with real world conditions and results. This objective is not always met when considering the impact of various types of fixed costs over several ranges of production. Simulation exercises are usually developed for the classroom using fixed cost that are unchanged over various levels of likely production. All fixed costs, however, do not endure over the same levels of production. Individual fixed cost items must increase at production levels unique to that fixed cost item. These fixed cost items become a special case of step costs. In this paper the theoretical nature of fixed costs as a special case of step costs is clarified. A mathematical technique is presented for the effective modeling of step costs for manual classroom exercises or for use in computerized simulation models. Some of the consequences of significant changes in fixed cost levels are illustrated and discussed.
Nursing Management of Sustained Rigors and Recurrent Fever as Symptoms of Filgrastim Hypersensitivity: A Case Report

ONF, 42(4), 415–419. doi: 10.1188/15.ONF.415-419 A 36-year-old man presented to an emergency room with fever, fatigue, and severe rectal pain. He was subsequently found to be pancytopenic with a perirectal abscess. A bone marrow examination revealed 58% blasts consistent with acute myeloid leukemia. The patient was initiated on clofarabine, idarubicin, and cytarabine therapy. The first cycle of therapy was complicated by neutropenic fever, bacteremia, and pneumonia. The second cycle was complicated by delayed platelet recovery. As a result, the patient was referred for possible stem cell transplantation. The patient was enrolled in a phase III trial using standard of care double umbilical cord blood transplantation with myeloblative conditioning to include fludarabine and melphalan, with rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Filgrastim injections were initiated at 600 mcg daily. The patient’s post-transplantation phase was complicated by sustained rigors and recurrent febrile episodes. The patient experienced 1–6 episodes of rigors daily. During this period, the patient also reported severe lower back pain with a majority of the episodes of rigor. The patient then developed neutropenic fever on Day 17 with persistent fever daily ranging from 38.1°–39.5°C through Day 50, with only six days in which he was afebrile. Filgrastim injections were administered at 4 pm daily, and the febrile episodes were noted to occur primarily in the early to late evening hours, with rigors preceding the febrile events by about 30–60 minutes. By Day 30, the patient’s engraftment had plateaued with a white blood cell count of 1.2 and an absolute neutrophil count of 0.89. As a result, the filgrastim dose was increased to 600 mcg twice daily. Diagnostic Workup
Mate choice and genetic structure Sanday, Orkney Islands, Scotland.

The purpose of this paper is to apply [a model that predicts changes in heterozygosity as a function of mating structure] to estimate the genetic effects of mating patterns on Sanday Orkney Islands [Scotland] and to compare these results with those from previous analyses of two French West Indian island populations. (EXCERPT)
Practice-based approach to assessing and treating nonadherence in pediatric regimens.

With advances in medical care, youth with chronic illness have the potential for higher quality of life; however, these treatments often come with cost (i.e., burden, financial) that can result in non-adherence. Pediatric non-adherence, on average, is approximately 50% across chronic health conditions. Research has identified effective, evidence-based assessment measures and intervention strategies to promote regimen adherence in youth. Yet, these measures and strategies typically are designed for clinical trials and thus may not be feasible or practical in typical clinic settings. As the field of adherence assessment and intervention expands, it will be important to devise evidence-based tools that are pragmatic and can be translated easily into practice. To guide this future direction, the goals of this paper are to review evidence-based adherence assessment and intervention strategies that can be used with youth and families in clinical practice, to illustrate the complexities of addressing adherence concerns in routine practice, and to discuss the challenges of disseminating and implementing evidence-based strategies in the real world.
Tenosynovitis of the Hand: A Forgotten Manifestation of Tuberculosis

Once the most common form of chronic tenosynovitis of the hand, tenosynovitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become rare. Descriptions of this clinical entity can no longer be found in medical textbooks. Because of the rarity of this condition, diagnosis is frequently delayed. We present a case and review the presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment of tuberculous tenosynovitis. The relation of this infection to antecedent trauma and Dupuytren's contracture is discussed. M. tuberculosis should be considered in patients with chronic or recurrent tenosynovitis.
Discussion of “Influence of state and compressibility on liquefied strength of sands”1

The approach proposed by the author (Sadrekarimi 2013 )t o compute undrained shear strength of liquefied sands is reminiscent of Skempton (1948) and Bjerrum (1954), who attempted to express shear-induced pore-water pressure in terms of the compressibility parameters, for computing yield shear strength of soft clay deposits. Unfortunately, this approach for determining, in terms of effective stress strength parameters, yield shear strength of contractive soils, including soft clays and loose sands, was not very successful because (i) evaluating the compressibility parameters for various soil structures and modes and rates of shear is as complicated as generalizing shear-induced pore-water pressure behavior using laboratory measurements, and (ii) the effective stress friction angle mobilized at yield, (yield), may be significantly less than the maximum friction angle (angle of internal
A Converse of Pythagoras' Theorem

(1977). A Converse of Pythagoras' Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 551-553.
On the Development of Isoagglutinins Following Transfusions.

Observations on individual differences in human blood aside from the 4 blood groups1, 2 support the idea that in transfusion the blood of the donor and recipient is, as a rule, not identical in biochemical constitution even though belonging to the same blood group.In the literature instances are reported in which the first transfusion was uneventful while a repeated transfusion with the same compatible donor was followed by severe symptoms,3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and others. There are, however, only casual remarks on the occurrence of atypical isoantibodies under such conditions.We examined recently the sera of 4 individuals of group 0 and 3 of group A.∗ In 5 of these individuals, who had been transfused several times with the blood of the same donor of their own group, no abnormal agglutinins were observed. The 6th individual, of group 0, was transfused with blood (500 cc.) of the same group and the transfusion was repeated, using the same donor, since in the routine test no incompatibility was detected. Actually ...
Influence of elevated CO2 and mycorrhizae on nitrogen acquisition: contrasting responses in Pinus taeda and Liquidambar styraciflua.

An understanding of root system capacity to acquire nitrogen (N) is critical in assessing the long-term growth impact of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on trees and forest ecosystems. We examined the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and elevated [CO2] on root ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) uptake capacity in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Mycorrhizal treatments included inoculation of seedlings with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith in sweetgum and the ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungus Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton in loblolly pine. These plants were then equally divided between ambient and elevated [CO2] treatments. After 6 months of treatment, root systems of both species exhibited a greater uptake capacity for NH4+ than for NO3-. In both species, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased uptake capacity for NO3-, but not for NH4+. In sweetgum, the mycorrhizal effect on NO3- and NH4+ uptake capacity depended on growth [C02]. Similarly, in loblolly pine, the mycorrhizal effect on NO3- uptake capacity depended on growth [CO2], but the effect on NH4+ uptake capacity did not. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly enhanced root nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in both species, but elevated [CO2] increased root NRA only in sweetgum. Leaf NRA in sweetgum did not change significantly with mycorrhizal inoculation, but increased in response to [CO2]. Leaf NRA in loblolly pine was unaffected by either treatment. The results indicate that the mycorrhizal effect on specific root N uptake in these species depends on both the form of inorganic N and the mycorrhizal type. However, our data show that in addressing N status of plants under high [CO2], reliable prediction is possible only when information about other root system adjustments (e.g., biomass allocation to fine roots) is simultaneously considered.
Isospin symmetry breaking S-wave pi pi form factor in KL--> pi 0 pi +/-e+/- nu (-) decay.

We consider the [ital I]=2, [ital S]-wave amplitude of the [pi][pi] system in the decay process [ital K][sub [ital L]][r arrow][pi][sup 0][pi][sup [minus plus]][ital e[plus minus]][nu][sup ([minus])]. This amplitude is isospin symmetry violating, and proportional to [pi][sup 0][eta] mixing as the result of [ital m][sub [ital d]][ne][ital m][sub [ital u]]. We find it is 1.8% of the [ital I]=1, [ital P]-wave amplitude.
FINE PARTICLES IN THE EMULSION PARTICLES OF POLY (VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE)

Fine particles observed in the emulsion particles of poly (vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF] were morphologically discussed. From the TEM observation of surface replica of the emulsion particles and of the particles dispersed by stirring in liquid N2, it was concluded that the emulsion particles were consisted of fine particles of 20-30nm in diameter. In the fracture surface of PVDF sheets which were melted and then compression-molded, fine particles of 20-30nm in diameter were also observed depending on the annealing conditions.
A comparison of kidney oxygenation profiles between partial and complete renal artery clamping during nephron sparing surgery in a porcine model.

OBJECTIVE To compare kidney oxygenation profiles between partial and complete renal artery clamping during nephron sparing surgery (NSS) in a porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve female farm pigs underwent a laparoscopic nephrectomy. Subsequently, an open partial nephrectomy was performed on the remaining kidney using either total (n = 6, TC) or partial (n = 6, PC) clamping of the renal artery. Real time renal partial oxygen pressure (rPO2) was monitored using a Licox probe (Integra, San Diego, CA). Creatinine levels were measured prior to open partial nephrectomy and on POD #3 and #7. The remaining kidney was harvested for pathologic evaluation. RESULTS Compared to TC, the PC group demonstrated a more favorable renal oxygenation profile during the NSS. Specifically, rPO2 decreased less from baseline (58% versus 84%, p = 0.03), took a longer interval to nadir (23.1 min versus 8.7 min, p = 0.04), and experienced a more rapid recovery to maximal or baseline values (4.8 min versus 10.4 min, p = 0.03) in the PC group. Furthermore animals undergoing TC had significantly higher creatinine levels at POD #3 (2.2 mg/dl versus 1.6 mg/dl, p = 0.03) and POD #7 (2.5 mg/dl versus 1.7 mg/dl, p = 0.009). Histological analysis demonstrated varying levels of acute inflammation in the two groups. Finally, the intraoperative blood loss was greater in the PC versus TC group (40 cc versus 10 cc, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In this porcine model, partial clamping of the renal artery during NSS was feasible and demonstrated a favorable renal oxygenation profile. Theoretically, intraoperative rPO2 monitoring may provide a novel means to allow real time assessment and titration of kidney perfusion during partial nephrectomy.