cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AERODYNAMIC COUPLING BETWEEN LATERAL AND LONGITUDINAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM

An oscillatory technique for routine measurement of the direct, cross, and cross-coupling moment derivatives due to pitching and yawing has been developed and a series of comprehensive results at Mach numbers 0.7 and 0.25 and at angles of attack up to 40 deg has been obtained in a large wind tunnel. It was found that some of the dynamic cross-coupling derivatives, which at low angles of attack were all insignificant, at higher angles of attack could reach values that rendered the pertinent cross-coupling terms in the equations of motion comparable in magnitude to the well-established damping terms. This applied in particular to results obtained at Mach number 0.7. Large nonlinear variations with angle of attack were observed in many of the measured derivatives including the important damping-in-pitch and damping-in-yaw derivatives. It was concluded that it may be desirable to include certain dynamic cross-coupling derivatives in the equations of motion, and to consider all of these equations simultaneously, rather than in separate longitudinal and lateral groups.
SIFT - A Component-Based Integration Architecture for Enterprise Analytics

Architectures and technologies for enterprise application integration are relatively mature, resulting in a range of standards-based and proprietary COTS middleware technologies. However, in the domain of complex analytical applications, integration architectures are not so well understood. Analytical applications such as those used in scientific discovery and financial and intelligence analysis exert unique demands on their underlying architectures. These demands make existing COTS integration middleware less suitable for use in enterprise analytics environments. In this paper we describe SIFT (Scalable Information Fusion and Triage), an application architecture designed for integrating the various components that comprise enterprise analytics applications. SIFT exploits a common pattern for composing analytical components, and extends an existing messaging platform with dynamic configuration mechanisms and scaling capabilities. We demonstrate the use of SIFT to create a decision support platform for quality control based on large volumes of incoming delivery data. The strengths and weaknesses of the SIFT solution are discussed, and we conclude by describing where further work is required to create a complete solution applicable to a wide range of analytical application domains
Fast maximum likelihood estimation of signal parameters using the shape of the compressed likelihood function

A computationally efficient fast maximum-likelihood (FML) estimation scheme, which makes use of the shape of the surface of the compressed likelihood function (CLF), is proposed. The scheme uses only multiple one-dimensional searches oriented along appropriate ridges on the surface of the CLF. Simulations indicate that the performances of the proposed estimators match those of the corresponding maximum-likelihood estimators with very high probability. The approach is demonstrated by applying it to two different problems. The first problem involves the estimation of time of arrival and Doppler compression of a wideband hyperbolic frequency modulated (HFM) active sonar signal buried in reverberation. The second problem deals with estimating the frequencies of sinusoids. A threshold analysis of the proposed scheme is carried out to predict the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which large estimation errors begin to occur, i.e., the threshold SNR, and its computational complexity is discussed. >
Modified Booth algorithm for high radix fixed-point multiplication

It is shown that when the standard Booth multiplication algorithm is extended to higher radix (>2) fixed-point multiplication, incorrect results are produced for some word sizes. A rule which modifies the algorithm to correct this problem is presented. The modification is defined for multipliers of any size, with any power of two radix. >
Ultrafast electron diffraction reveals dark structures of the biological chromophore indole.

With UED, as detailed in the experimental section, we are able to determine both ground- and excited-state structures and obtain the temporal behavior for excitation of indole at 267 nm. For the ground-state structure (see Scheme SI1 in the Supporting Information), the experimental and the theoretical molecular scattering function, sM(s), together with the radial distributions, f(r), are shown in Figure 1. The refined structural parameters are listed in Table SI1 in the Supporting Information, together with values obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The satisfactory agreement between experiment and theory gives the refined structural parameters, which were found to have discrepancies at most within 0.007 A and 0.18° for bond lengths and angles, respectively.
Shear Banding and Microstructure Evolution in 2D Numerical Experiments

A limitation of using laboratory experiments to study the micromechanics of soils is that detailed information about the specimen microstructure is typically available at only one state in a test sequence due to the destructive nature of the forensic process. To study microstructure evolution, characterization of replicate specimens tested to various global axial strain levels has been undertaken, but this procedure presents some practical and theoretical problems. Accordingly, a numerical program was undertaken using the discrete element method to model the micromechanical deformation response of particulate assemblies in two dimensions. The simulated assemblies failed via regions of high localized strain. The microstructures of these assemblies were studied as a function of global axial strain to assess evolution of local and mesoscale void ratio distributions and mean free paths. Local void ratio distributions were modeled statistically and mesoscale measurements were used to assess microstructure inside and outside of the shear bands.
Community networks or networked communities

The article provides an overview of the state of the art in community networks. Forty community networks were reviewed. A protocol was developed to guide the evaluation of each site. The protocol covered the types of information currently provided and whether the network contributes to the social capital of the community. It was found that communities are now served by several types of Web sites: nonprofit community networks, those administered by local governments, and various commercial sites. It does not appear that either individually or in combination the Web sites are working to strengthen the social capital of the communities they serve. It is recommended that a community’s information networking organizations work together to provide integrated resources and programs that foster community dialogue and help people better meet their citizenship responsibilities, as well as up-to-date information on community events and real-time information about traffic, weather, and the like.
SQUID-Based Microtesla MRI for In Vivo Relaxometry of the Human Brain

SQUID-based MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) at microtesla fields has developed significantly over the past few years. Here we describe application of this method for magnetic relaxation measurements in the living human brain. We report values of the longitudinal relaxation time T1 for brain tissues, measured in vivo for the first time at microtesla fields. The experiments were performed at 46 muT field using a seven-channel SQUID system designed for microtesla MRI and MEG. Values of T1, measured for different tissues at this field, are found to be close (within 5%) to the corresponding values of the transverse relaxation time T2 at the same field. Implications of this result for imaging contrast in microtesla MRI are discussed.
Cerebellar responses during and after experimental ether convulsions

Abstract Nine cats and 2 monkeys were made hyperthermic (102 to 108°F.) during ether anesthesia. Simultaneous electroencephalographic monitoring was performed using unipolar and bipolar recordings from the cerebellum and cerebral regions. Six cats and 2 monkeys developed seizures and/or other abnormalities as indicated by the electroencephalogram. A mild build-up preceding the seizure response was more pronounced in the cerebellum than the cerebrum. The seizure record in the cerebellum mirrored that of the cerebrum. Five cats demonstrated neurologic defects which included loss of co-ordination, loss of balance and in 2 animals slowly progressive wormlike movements of body and extremities resembling electrically induced cerebellar seizures. Microscopic examination of brain tissue from animals which expired as a result of the experiment, or were sacrificed, indicated a significant cerebellar Purkinje cell susceptibility to hyperthermia and ether. The metabolic implications were discussed.
Friend or foe? Impacts of the introduced tropical oil bee Centris nitida on a threatened and specialized native mutualism in Southern Florida

While we understand a great deal on the impacts of introduced generalist pollinators on the native ecosystems, very little is known about the impacts of naturalized specialist pollinators. The oil-collecting bee Centris nitida, which has recently naturalized in southern Florida, has been identified as a novel participant in an endemic specialized mutualism between Byrsonima lucida, a threatened native oil plant, and Centris errans, its sole native pollinator. In this study, we determined the impacts of this novel pollinator on B. lucida by assessing the degree of its pollen limitations in sites with and without the introduced oil bee, as well as in natural and garden settings. We also compared the key processes of pollination for both of the Centris bee species. The degrees of pollen limitation sustained by B. lucida were similar among sites with or without the introduced oil bee, and among natural or garden sites. The native oil bee’s visitation rates (no. of visits/minute/flower) to B. lucida plants were not significantly reduced at sites where the introduced oil bees were present. The native oil bee had a lower foraging rate (no. of flowers visited/minute) and was a less efficient pollinator than the introduced oil bee. There has been no observed negative impact to either the native oil plant or bee, the introduced bee is absent in most natural areas, and it is also possible that the bee may arrive naturally given the trend in global warming. In light of these facts, we do not recommend any management action towards this introduced oil bee.
Attitudes of accounting practitioners towards accounting faculty and accounting education

Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess how accounting practitioners view accounting faculty, accounting education, and the contributions of accounting faculty to the accounting profession. In general, the results of the survey indicate that practitioners have a favorable view of accounting faculty in that accounting faculty are viewed as honest, highly competent, and up-to-date, and their research as being useful to the profession. However, accounting faculty are viewed as not being very helpful in providing guidance towards solving the day-to-day problems of the practitioner. Moreover, the attitudes of the respondents towards accounting education appear related in many cases to the respondents' backgrounds, including their level of education, current position, and previous college teaching experience.
Progress in the Autosomal Segmental Aneusomy Syndromes (SASs): Single or Multi-Locus Disorders?

Based on cytogenetic observations, several syndromes have been previously identified as microdeletion-based disorders. In this review, recent progress is presented regarding whether one or multiple genes can be implicated in the pathogenesis of these segmentally aneusomic syndromes. The syndromes discussed include Angelman, Alagille, Williams, Langer-Giedeon, Prader-Willi, Smith-Magenis, Miller-Dieker, and DiGeorge/velocardiofacial or the 22q11 deletion syndromes. For Angelman and Alagille syndromes, single genes have been identified, whereas for Williams and Langer-Giedion syndromes, more than one gene can be implicated. Although there has been significant progress in dissecting the molecular basis for the other disorders, the ultimate answer regarding one versus several genes remains to be determined.
Potentiation of angiotensin II action by corticosteroids in vascular tissue

Objectives: Studies were performed to determine if corticosteroids act directly on the vasculature to potentiate the vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin II and to determine whether corticosteroids upregulate angiotensin II receptors by receptor redistribution or by synthesis of new receptors. Methods: Aortic rings from normal Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated ex vivo with corticosteroids in aerated Krebs-Henseleit buffer to avoid secondary systemic effects prior to stimulated contraction. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, these experimental techniques were used: colchicine (blocker of microtubule assembly), chloroquine (inhibitor of endosomal pH gradients), measuring surface-bound 125I-Ang II internalization rate, immunoblotting of angiotensin AT1 receptor protein, and incorporation of [35S]methionine into AT1 receptor protein. Results: Contractions to 100 nM angiotensin II in rings incubated with 1 μM aldosterone or dexamethasone for 10 min ex vivo were not different from contractions in control rings. However, angiotensin II-stimulated (but not KCl-stimulated) contractions were enhanced by almost 100% if ex vivo incubation with aldosterone (or corticosterone) lasted for 24 h. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was not significantly reduced by aldosterone pre-incubation. Incubation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells with a number of corticosteroids for >8 h resulted in concentration-dependent upregulation of angiotensin II receptor binding and was reversible upon removal of the corticosteroid. Aldosterone did not affect the rate of internalization of surface-bound angiotensin II. In addition, concomitant incubation of colchicine or chloroquine with aldosterone did not hamper angiotensin II receptor upregulation. Incubation of cells with various concentrations of aldosterone for 24 h resulted in concentration-dependent increases in total cell angiotensin II receptor protein content and increases in [35S]methionine incorporation into immunoprecipitated AT1 receptor protein. Conclusions: At least a portion of the enhancement of angiotensin II action by corticosteroids is via direct interaction of corticosteroids with the vasculature. Corticosteroids appear to upregulate angiotensin II receptors by synthesis of new receptor protein rather than by alterations in receptor trafficking.
Recent advances in wireless networking and communications

Wireless communications and networking have been receiving a lot of attention from the academic and industrial communities for the past few years. There has been a constant evolution of wireless systems over the years from the first generation to the current third generation wireless networks. Already, there is talk about the next generation networks and their goals and challenges ! Current and future generation wireless technologies will support bandwidth-hungry applications such as mobile multimedia communications for highly mobile users at high data rates. This brings-up various important issues to the forefront such as error-resilience, quality of service (QoS), resource management, security etc.
Automatic singer identification

The singer's information is essential in organizing, browsing and retrieving music collections. In this paper, a system for automatic singer identification is developed which recognizes the singer of a song by analyzing the music signal. Meanwhile, songs which are similar in terms of singer's voice are clustered. The proposed scheme follows the framework of common speaker identification systems, but special efforts are made to distinguish the singing voice from instrumental sounds in a song. A statistical model is trained for each singer's voice with typical song(s) of the singer. Then, for a song to be identified, the starting point of singing voice is detected and a portion of the song is excerpted from that point. Audio features are extracted and matched with singers' voice models in the database. The song is assigned to the model having the best match. Promising results are obtained on a small set of samples, and accuracy rates of around 80% are achieved.
Constructions and pragmatics: Variable middle marking in Spanish subir(se) ‘go up’ and bajar(se) ‘go down’

Abstract The Spanish intransitive motion verbs subir ‘go up’ and bajar ‘go down’ variably appear with the middle marker se. In this study, we examine aspectual (telicity, punctuality) and pragmatic (counter-expectation, speaker involvement) analyses of se-marking. Adopting the variationist method, we operationalize and test hypotheses via quantitative analysis of variation between the middle se-marked and non-se-marked forms in corpora of spoken and written Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. Variability in se-marking is structured, as shown by recurrent patterns reflected in frequencies of co-occurrence. We adduce evidence that factors in speakers’ choice of the middle se-marked form include a focus on the moment of change (operationalized by co-occurring locative preposition), the foregrounding of the situation (clause type), the topicality of the subject (subject expression), and speaker involvement (grammatical person, tense-mood-aspect); that is, a confluence of aspectual and pragmatic factors. Multivariate analysis further reveals that se-marking is most likely to occur in a particular ‘enter–exit a vehicle’ subir–bajar construction. A number of other constructions with clear se-marking preferences also emerge from the data. Rather than generalizations about abstract structures, the empirical results reveal usage-based constructions of differing degrees of lexical specificity and fixedness. A usage-based constructions approach allows us to dispense with a grammar–pragmatics dichotomy.
Endoparasites in Sphenomorphus jobiensis (Sauria: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea with description of three new species.

One species of digenean, Zeylanurotrema sphenomorphi n. sp., and 2 nematode species, Meteterakis crombiei n. sp. and Physalopteroides milnensis n. sp., from the intestine of Sphenomorphus jobiensis, are described and illustrated. Zeylanurotrema sphenomorphi n. sp. represents the second species, Meteterakis crombiei n. sp. the 18th species, and Physalopteroides milnensis n. sp. the 19th species assigned to each respective genus. In addition, 1 species of cestode, Oochoristica javaensis; 7 nematode species, Abbreviata oligopapillata, Aplectana macintoshii, Aplectana zweifeli, Cosmocerca zugi, Maxvachonia adamsoni, Oswaldocruzia bakeri, Parapharyngodon maplestonei; 1 species of acanthocephalan, Acanthocephalus bufonis; and 1 species of pentastome, Kiricephalus sp., were found. With the exception of Abbreviata oligopapillata, Sphenomorphus jobiensis represents a new host record for each species of endoparasite.
The Opioid Receptor Antagonist Nalmefene Reduces Responding Maintained by Ethanol Presentation: Preclinical Studies in Ethanol‐Preferring and Outbred Wistar Rats

Nalmefene, the 6-methylene derivative of naltrexone, was examined after subcutaneous (s.c.) (0.0001 to 8.0 mg/kg) and oral (10 to 80.0 mg/kg) administration in ethanol (EtOH)-preferring rats whose responding (i.e., lever pressing) was maintained by the presentation of EtOH. Naltrexone (0.01 to 40 mg/kg) was used as a reference opioid antagonist. EtOH (10% v/v) and saccharin (0.025 to 0.1% w/v) solutions were concurrently available for 1 hr each day under a two-lever, fixed-ratio schedule in which four responses on one lever produced the EtOH solution and four responses on the other lever produced the saccharin solution. When basal response rates for saccharin were 10% that of EtOH, all routes of nalmefene administration reduced control levels of responding maintained by EtOH by 38 to 84%. When basal response rates for saccharin-maintained responding were 60% or 82% that of EtOH, only lower s.c. naltrexone (e.g., 0.01 to 0.025 mg/kg) and nalmefene (e.g., 0.01 to 0.10 mg/kg) doses produced a selective dose-dependent suppression of EtOH-maintained responding. Higher nalmefene (0.25 to 8.0 mg/kg) and naltrexone (1.0 to 20.0 mg/kg) doses failed to produce a dose-dependent suppression on EtOH or saccharin maintained responding. Both antagonists suppressed responding maintained by EtOH primarily during the initial 10-min period, with little additional suppression occurring across the remainder of the 60-min period. Subcutaneous nalmefene was 3200- to 6400-fold more potent than oral nalmefene, suggesting bioavailability was optimized using the s.c. route. Nalmefene (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) treatment for 10 consecutive days produced mild tolerance development, whose effects dissipated by day 8. Naltrexone (10 to 40 mg/kg) and nalmefene (1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg), given 8 to 24 hr before the test session, reduced control levels of responding maintained by EtOH by 82%. Thus, immediate opioid receptor occupancy was not required to observe antagonism. These data demonstrate that, under a variety of experimental conditions, nalmefene is an effective antagonist of responding maintained by EtOH and lend support to clinical reports that nalmefene may function as an alternative pharmacotherapy to naltrexone to reduce EtOH-motivated behavior and prevent relapse.
Who Needs Rules of Recognition

I argue against the idea (made popular by H.L.A. Hart) that the key to a legal system is its "rule of recognition." I argue that much of the work allegedly done by a rule of recognition is either done by a different kind of secondary rule (what Hart called "a rule of change") or it is not done at all (and doesn't have to be done). A rule of change tells us the procedures that must be followed and the substantive conditions that must be satisfied if law is to be changed legislatively; and a judge "recognizes" changes simply by using this checklist. In common law, there is no clear rule of change (because we are profoundly ambivalent about judicial lawmaking). But we get by without one, and without a determinate rule of recognition that would tell us precisely how to infer rules from precedents. It is quite liberating, really, to abandon the idea of a rule of recognition. Apart from anything else, it relieves us from having to participate in endless debates about whether the US Constitution is (or contains) a rule of recognition for American law. The Constitution contains rules of change; that's what matters.
Digital Lockdown: A 3D adventure game for engineering education

Gaming in education has gained a great deal of interest for its potential positive impact on student learning. Video games can be a powerful learning tool, with the potential of reaching a wide range of people with diverse learning styles. Students in today's college classroom are known as ‘digital natives’ those who grew up with technology all around them (cell phones, laptops, and tablets). These students often know more about technology than their parents and teachers Games have a positive impact on how young people learn complex things. Content, skills, creativeness, and system thinking are just a few things that can be learned from games. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of a 3D educational game for deployment on the PC and Mac. Currently, no truly 3D games are available that focus on teaching core concepts in Digital Logic Design or Electrical and Computer Engineering concepts in general. This work presents an overall design and implementation of an educational 3D adventure game to address Number Systems, Boolean algebra, and Combinational and Logic Design in the scope of the Electrical and Computer Engineering curricula. Digital Lockdown is a game, developed in Unity 3D, that takes place in an outer space engineering research facility. The research facility has been placed on digital lockdown due to an experiment gone wrong and the player must use his/her knowledge of digital logic to override the lockdown protocols. The player is faced with tasks that help assess basic knowledge of digital logic. The game also contains learning zones where the player can go in order to learn the information needed to complete the tasks.
Poison Prevention in the Elderly

Poison exposures in the elderly are largely unintentional and, therefore, amenable to prevention techniques. Based on an analysis of the major causes of unintentional exposures in persons age 60 years and older, injury control strategies are applied to poisoning. These strategies address pre-event, event, and post-event phases. Ideas for specific changes to protect the elderly, especially in the areas of labeling and packaging, are presented.
Dynamic thermal effects of epidermal melanin and plasmonic nanoparticles during photoacoustic breast imaging

Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) employs high-power near-infrared (near-IR) laser pulses to generate structural and functional information on tissue chromophores up to several centimeters below the surface. Such insights may facilitate detection of breast cancer – the most common cancer in women. PAT mammography has been the subject of extensive research, including techniques based on exogenous agents for PAT contrast enhancement and molecular specificity. However, photothermal safety risks of PAT due to strong chromophores such as epidermal melanin and plasmonic nanoparticles have not been rigorously studied. We have used computational and experimental approaches to elucidate highly dynamic optical-thermal processes during PAT. A Monte Carlo model was used to simulate light propagation at 800 and 1064 nm in a multi-layer breast tissue geometry with different epidermal pigmentation levels and a tumorsimulating inclusion incorporating nanoparticles. Energy deposition results were then used in a bioheat transfer model to simulate temperature transients. Experimental measurements involved multi-layer hydrogel phantoms with inclusions incorporating gold nanoparticles. Phantom optical properties were measured using the inverse adding-doubling technique. Thermal imaging was performed as phantoms were irradiated with 5 ns near-IR pulses. Scenarios using 10 Hz laser irradiation of breast tissue containing various nanoparticle concentrations were implemented experimentally and computationally. Laser exposure levels were based on ANSI/IEC limits. Surface temperature measurements were compared to corresponding simulation data. In general, the effect of highly pigmented skin on temperature rise was significant, whereas unexpectedly small levels of temperature rise during nanoparticle irradiation were attributed to rapid photodegradation. Results provide key initial insights into light-tissue interactions impacting the safety and effectiveness of PAT.
Generation and Characterization of Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies Recognizing the Interferon-α Receptor: Implications for Ligand–Receptor Interactions

ABSTRACT Monoclonal antibodies LI-1 and LI-8 against interferon-αA (IFN-α A) block IFN-αA activity and binding to its receptor, but they recognize distinct epitopes. Surprisingly, anti-idiotypic antibodies to both LI-1 and LI-8 have properties consistent with recognition of the receptor: anti-LI-1 and anti-LI-8 antibodies inhibit the binding of IFN-αA to its receptor. However, anti-LI-1 is an antagonist of IFN-αA, while anti-LI-8 is an agonist. Thus, at least some part of the epitopes on IFN-αA recognized by LI-1 and LI-8 are directly involved in receptor binding. Because these epitopes are spatially distinct, the implication is that the receptor binding site on IFN-αA must be extensive, or there are minimally two regions of IFN-αA involved in receptor interactions.
Insect Infestations and Incidence of Western Gall Rust Among Ponderosa Pine Sources Grown in the Central Great Plains

Six seed sources in two 22-yr-old ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa variety scopulomm Engelmann , provenance plantings in Hastings, NE, and Alliance, NE, were evaluated for abundance of Rhyacionia bushnelli, Retinia metalliea, Dioryctria spp ., and Peridermium harknessii . The 6 sources were selected for this study based on superior growth and previous susceptibility or nonsusceptibility to the aforementioned insects and pathogen. Infestation levels per tree and per branch, and proportion of infested tips were used to evaluate the influence of source on pest abundance. Abundance of the pests varied with planting. In both plantings, R. bushnelli abundance was lower on the 3 taller sources (720, 721, 757) than on the 3 shorter sources (764, 833, 835) similar to what was observed previously. The abundance of current and old R. metallica was low in both plantings and did not vary with source. At the Alliance planting, taller sources had more total Dioryctria spp. than shorter sources. P. harknessii galls were present on every sampled tree in the Hastings planting and occurred only on a few trees sampled at Alliance, but no source differences were detected. Abundance of R. bushnelli was positively correlated with previous-year R. metallica at Alliance and current-year R. metallica at Alliance and negatively correlated with P. harknessii abundance at Hastings. Interactions among environmental, host, and insect factors probably account for these correlations.
TONAK: a distributed low-latency and scalable optical switch architecture

This paper proposes TONAK, an AWGR-based optical switch with distributed control plane. Simulations results for a 128-port switch show high throughput and low average packet latency for offered loads of up to 75%, while achieving an energy efficiency of ≈50pJ/bit.
Study of the Axial Anomaly using the γp → π+Pπ0 n Reaction Near Threshold

This experiment was one of the first photoproduction experiments performed at Jefferson Lab using the CLAS and the Photon Tagger. The event reconstruction and the photon flux determination procedures have been developed and were proven to work well as we can see from the cross section measurement of the {gamma}p {yields} {pi}{sup +}n reaction. The preliminary results at CLAS for this reaction agree very well with previous world data. The analysis procedure has been developed to analyze the double-pion photoproduction. The differential cross sections for the {gamma}p {yields} P{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0}n reaction have been measured with incident photon energies between 1 and 2 GeV. The Chew-Low extrapolation technique was used to extract the associated {gamma}{pi} {yields} {pi}{pi} cross sections from the differential cross sections. The extrapolation procedure of extracting the pole cross section has been explored. F{sup 3{pi}} was obtained from the {gamma}{pi} {yields} {pi}{pi} cross sections. The results show a momentum dependence of the F{sup 3{pi}} amplitude in which they agree with Holstein's calculation. These measurements test fundamental predictions of low energies QCD. Future work on this analysis will help reduce the uncertainty in F{sup 3{pi}}, and extend the measurements to the lower and higher s regions.
A King's Apotheosis: Iconography, Text, and Politics from a Classic Maya Temple at Holmul

Excavations at the ancient Maya city of Holmul, Peten, have led to the discovery of a building decorated with an intricately carved and painted plaster frieze. The iconography of the frieze portrays seated lords, mountain spirits, feathered serpents, and gods of the underworld engaged in the apparent rebirth of rulers as sun gods. Large emblems carved on the side of the building identify the structure as a shrine for ancestor veneration. A dedicatory text carved along the bottom of the frieze contains a king list and references to the political and familial ties of the ruler who commissioned the temple. Together, the iconography and text of this structure provide evidence of function and meaning. They also shed new light on a century during Classic Maya history known as the Tikal “Hiatus,” for which a limited number of texts are available. The information derived from this monument also broadens our understanding of the nature of hegemonic relationships among Classic Maya states.
Economic Issues in Advertising via E-Mail: Role for a Trusted Third Party?

By any measure, email turns out to be one of most effective and useful features offered by the Internet. However, by providing an unprecedented level of personalized communication opportunities, email has also become a favorite tool for commercial advertising which has led to the problem of Unsolicited Commercial Emailing (UCE). Popular press is full of articles outlining that businesses spend billions of dollars every year to combat UCE (also termed as spam in literature).This paper looks at the issues in email advertising via a business model termed as Admediation which facilitates email advertising. Admediary is a trusted third party that facilitates a mutually desirable communication between buyers and sellers via email and operates under ‘opt-in’ mode which is widely supported by consumer advocacy groups. At the end we summarize the viability of Admediation and it’s impact on email advertising.
Formation of Fiberwebs from Staple Fibers with Controlled Fiber Orientation Using Electrostatic Forces: Theoretical Analysis:

Current web formation technologies used by the nonwovens industry do not provide positive control over fiber orientation and it is difficult to generate lightweight webs from staple fibers with the...
Consumer Foraging for Safer Tanning Alternatives: A Naturally Occurring Experiment on Informational Reinforcement in the UK

In this study, we examined whether ultra-violet indoor tanning (UVIT) bans for minors in the United Kingdom increased consumer foraging for spray tanning – a safer alternative to UVIT. Research suggests that the use of UVIT can result in an increased likelihood of developing skin cancer and/or indoor tanning addiction, and is predictive of other maladaptive behaviors (Reed, 2015). Furthermore, an increased prevalence in indoor tanning among minors correlates with health complications later in life (Wehner et al., 2012). Using data from Google Trends, we constructed a natural multiple baseline investigation to demonstrate that searches for spray tans increased as a function of the UVIT legislation. Findings suggest that spray tanning may serve as a substitute for UVIT, offering implications for behavioral economic approaches to policies aimed at decreasing UVIT in the United States.
Characterization of lateral dopant diffusion in silicides

The lateral diffusion of dopants in silicides has been studied using a sensitive Schottky barrier test structure that relies on changes in the I-V characteristics of silicide/silicon interfaces due to dopant diffusion from a doped silicide into silicon. The test structure has been used to determine the diffusivity of As and B in WSi/sub 2/ and TiSi/sub 2/. The diffusion process is modeled as a 1-D diffusion from a constant concentration dopant source. The diffusivity of B and As in WSi/sub 2/ is found to be 1.0*10/sup -3/ exp (-1.17/kT) cm/sup 2//s and 2.6 exp (-2.11/kT) cm/sup 2//s, respectively. The diffusivity of As in TiSi/sub 2/ is 4.8 exp (-2.13/kT) cm/sup 2//s. No measurable lateral diffusion of B in TiSi/sub 2/ has been observed. >
Comparison of Image Based, Laser, and Accelerometer Measurements

Non-contacting measurements are extremely useful for many applications in which contacting measurements are not appropriate or impossible. Within this work, digital image correlation, dynamic photogrammetry, three dimensional (3D) laser vibrometry and accelerometer measurements are all used to measure the dynamics of a structure to compare each of the techniques. Each approach has its benefits and drawbacks, so comparative measurements are made using these devices to show some of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, especially when measuring in a 3D environment. Comparisons are made in all cases to a well-studied finite element model as well as to each other.
scraps: An Open-Source Python-Based Analysis Package for Analyzing and Plotting Superconducting Resonator Data

We present “scraps” (SuperConducting Analysis and Plotting Software), a Python package designed to aid in the analysis and visualization of large amounts of superconducting resonator data, specifically complex transmission as a function of frequency, acquired at many different temperatures and driving powers. The package includes a least squares fitting engine as well as a Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampler for sampling the posterior distribution given priors, marginalizing over nuisance parameters, and estimating covariances. A set of plotting tools for generating publication-quality figures is also provided in the package. We discuss the functionality of the software and provide some examples of its utility on data collected from a niobium-nitride coplanar waveguide resonator fabricated at Argonne National Laboratory.
PorthoMCL: Parallel orthology prediction using MCL for the realm of massive genome availability

Finding orthologous genes among multiple sequenced genomes is a primary step in comparative genomics studies. With the number of sequenced genomes increasing exponentially, comparative genomics becomes more powerful than ever for genomic analysis. However, the very large number of genomes in need of analysis makes conventional orthology prediction methods incapable of this task. Thus, an ultrafast tool is urgently needed. Here, we present PorthoMCL, a fast tool for finding orthologous genes among a very large number of genomes. PorthoMCL can be run on a single machine or in parallel on computer clusters. We have demonstrated PorthoMCL’s capability by identifying orthologs in 2,758 prokaryotic genomes. The results are available for download at: http://ehsun.me/go/porthomcl/ . PorthoMCL is a fast and easy to run tool for identifying orthology among any number of genomes with minimal requirements. PorthoMCL will facilitate comparative genomics analysis with increasing number of available genomes thanks to the rapidly evolving sequencing technologies.
A Chiral Pentagonal Polyhedral Framework for Characterizing Virus Capsid Structures

Recent developments of rational strategies for the design of antiviral therapies, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), have naturally relied extensively on available viral structural information. As new strategies continue to be developed, it is equally important to continue to refine our understanding and interpretation of viral structural data. There are known limitations to the traditional (Caspar–Klug) theory for describing virus capsid structures that involves subdividing a capsid into triangular subunits. In this context, we describe a more general polyhedral framework for describing virus capsid structures that is able to account for many of these limitations, including a more thorough characterization of intersubunit interfaces. Additionally, our use of pentagonal subunits instead of triangular ones accounts for the intrinsic chirality observed in all capsids. In conjunction with the existing theory, the framework presented here provides a more complete picture of a capsid’s structure and therefore can help contribute to the development of more effective antiviral strategies.
Toxicoses of the Ruminant Nervous System

This article discusses the etiology, mechanism of action, clinical signs, and diagnostic tests used to identify toxic agents that affect the nervous system of ruminants. The article is not intended to be an exhaustive review of each agent, but a reference for establishing a differential diagnosis when toxic agents are suspected as the cause of central nervous system disease in ruminants. The initial focus of the article is on agents that cause brain lesions consistent with polioencephalomalacia. Other neurotoxic disease agents include bovine bonkers, urea, organophosphate, organochlorine, cyanobacteria, zinc, aluminum, phosphide, metaldehyde, strychnine, botulism, tetanus, clostridium perfringens, and poisonous plants.
A Possible Mechanism for Synergy in Transcriptional Activation between AML1 and PU.1: Exclusion of the Co-Repressor CBFA2T3 (ETO-2, MTG16).

AML1 and PU.1, important regulators of hematopoietic differentiation, interact with each other and are known to synergize in transcriptional activation (Zhang et al, 1996). PU.1 and AML1 also interact with mSin3, a component of a co-repressor complex that can include N-CoR, HDAC and CBFA2T1 (ETO, MTG8) or CBFA2T3 (ETO2, MTG16). CBFA2T3 is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and is a target of a chromosomal translocation found in acute myeloid leukemia (t(16;21)). In transfected 293T cells, we demonstrate that both AML1 and PU.1 co-immunoprecipitate with the conserved N-terminal TAFH domain of CBFA2T3 but not the C-terminal MYND domain. Although AML1 and PU.1 independently co-immunoprecipitate with CBFA2T3, when all three proteins are over-expressed in 293T cells, AML1 and PU.1 co-immunoprecipitate with each other while excluding CBFA2T3. CBFA2T3 interacts with the non-runt portion of AML1 (AML1 C-terminus) while PU.1 can interact with both the runt domain of AML1 and AML1 C-terminus. Presumably, the interaction between AML1 and PU.1 shields the CBFA2T3 binding sites on both proteins. Since this region includes the binding site for mSin3, other co-repressors may also be excluded from an AML1/PU.1 complex. This may be one basis for the co-operation between AML1 and PU.1 in transcriptional activation.
Immunological Tests in Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common serious bacterial infections and remains a major challenge to global health. One-third of the human population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Globally, drug-resistant tuberculosis is emerging as a new epidemic, with approximately 0.5 million new multidrug-resistant cases annually. TB is second only to HIV as a worldwide cause of death from an infectious disease, and HIV infection, in turn, is a major risk factor for TB.
Unexpected impact of RIE gases on lithographic films

Successful pattern transfer from the photoresist into the substrate depends on robust layers of lithographic films. Typically, an alternating sequence of inorganic (most often Si containing) and organic hardmask (HM) materials is used. Pattern transfer occurs then by using reactive ion etch (RIE) chemistry that is selective to one particular layer (such as: flurorinated RIE for Si HM). The impact of these RIE gases onto the layers acting as hardmask for the layer to be etched is typically neglected, except for known sputtering effects. We found that components of the RIE gases can penetrate deep into the “inert” layers and significantly modify them. For example, nitrogen used as component to etch spin-on carbon layers was found to travel up to 70 nm deep into Si HM materials and create layers with different material properties within this film. The question is being raised and discussed to which extent this atom implantation may impact the pattern transfer of the ever shrinking features.
Yohimbine Increases Novel Odor-Induced Risk Assessment Behaviors

This experiment examined the effects of two doses (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) of the anxiogenic compound yohimbine on risk assessment and appetitive behaviors in the presence of novel sheep’s wool odor. Both doses produced a significant elevation in the frequency and duration of immobility. The duration, but not frequency, of rearing was also suppressed at the higher drug dosage. The results are consistent with previous findings in suggesting that odor novelty produces consistent, if modest, elevations in defensiveness which is further increased by treatment with anxiogenic compounds.
Examples of Electric Machines

One of the most common and most important electromagnetic actuators that we will be dealing with as electromechanical engineers is the permanent magnet DC motor. There are many good technical references where one can learn about DC motors. Most of them are very good and many contain much more engineering details than we would attempt here. Given that, it is still very interesting to study DC motors due to their fundamental nature, especially in the context of energy interaction between mechanics and electromagnetics.
Dynamics of an Unbalanced Shaft Interacting with a Limited Power Supply

Rotation of an elastically mounted unbalanced shaft may be in general affected by its lateral vibration, due to a “vibrational torque”. This interaction is nonlinear, and can be neglected only in case of an unlimited power supply. Whenever the available power of the drive is comparable with power consumption due to vibration, various nonlinear phenomena may be observed, the most well-known of these being the so called Sommerfeld effect – slowing down or complete capture of the shaft at resonance. The corresponding steady-state motions and their stability can be studied by asymptotic methods, as applied to the governing nonlinear set of two second-order equations. However, study of transient motions in general requires numerical solution. This numerical solution is obtained here, and extensive parametric studies are performed of the Sommerfeld effect. In particular, the influence is evaluated of damping ratio and slope of the torque-speed curve of the drive on a passage/capture threshold. The results of numerical simulation, as well as experiments with a physical model, also demonstrate the effect of smooth passage through resonance with a limited power supply, based on using a “switch” of suspension stiffness from a certain artificially increased value to the design one. A brief description is presented also of time-variant components of the resonant amplitude and rotational frequency responses in the case of capture, as observed both in numerical simulation studies and in experiments. Whilst these components are small compared with the corresponding constant ones, i.e. steady-state vibration amplitude and rotational frequency, the above observations indicate the possibility for periodic or chaotic nonstationarity in the system's response.
A THEORY OF LONGITUDINAL PLASTIC WAVES IN RODS OF STRAIN-RATE DEPENDENT MATERIAL, INCLUDING EFFECTS OF LATERAL INERTIA AND SHEAR

Summary A mathematical theory is presented for the propagation of plastic stress waves in long metal rods of material exhibiting a strain rate effect. The theory takes account of the effects of inertia associated with radial motion and of radial shear associated with uneven changes in radius. These effects have been considered for purely elastic waves, but have previously been ignored for plastic waves. Integration of the basic differential equations is accomplished by means of the method of characteristics.
Identifying Experimental Evidence in Biomedical Abstracts Relevant to Drug-Drug Interactions

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) may cause significant adverse effects. As prescribing multiple drugs becomes increasingly common, it is necessary to verify potential interactions among drugs that are used at the same time. Likely DDIs can be identified with higher confidence if supporting experimental evidence is provided. Such information is usually published in biomedical literature. While current retrieval and classification methods can identify publications related to DDIs, not all articles that discuss DDIs contain experimental evidence. A publication that does present evidence typically contains sentences conveying information about specific experimental methods and their results. A classifier that can readily identify such sentences can be useful for obtaining explicit and reliable information concerning DDIs. In this work, we develop two text classifiers to distinguish scientific sentence-fragments bearing experimental evidence from fragments that do not present such evidence. We focus on a corpus of text containing biomedical abstracts related to drug interactions. The classifiers are trained and tested on a manually curated set of sentence-fragments in these abstracts. Our experiments demonstrate a high level of performance (at least 89% precision and recall) suggesting the applicability of these classifiers toward improving retrieval of reliable information pertaining to drug interactions.