cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Stability Theory

This new volume of the [-series is written as an introduction to first order stability theory. It is organized around the the spectrum problem: calculate the number of models a first order theory T has in each uncountable cardinal. To solve this problem a generalization of the notion of algebraic independence "nonforking" was developed. In this text the abstract properties of this relation (in contrast to other books which begin with the technical description). The important notions of orthogonality and regularity are carefully developed: this machinery is then applied to the spectrum problem. Complete proofs of the Vaught conjecture for omega-stable theories are presented here for the first time in book form. Considerable effort has been made by the author to provide much needed examples. In particular, the book contains the first publication of Shelah's infamous example showing the necessity of his methods to solve Vaught's conjecture for omega-stable theories. The connections of abstract stability theory with algebra particularly with the theory of modules are emphasized.
Medullary thyroid microcarcinoma: a population-level analysis of 310 patients.

BACKGROUND: Medullary thyroid microcarcinomas (microMTCs) are medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) that measure ≤1 cm in size for which there is a paucity of data on incidence, characteristics, and clinical significance. METHODS: Patients who had a diagnosis of microMTC were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1988-2007). The data were analyzed using chi-square tests, t tests, and log-rank tests; multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors that were associated independently with lymph node metastases. Tests for diagnostic accuracy, including likelihood ratio tests and post-test probability tests, were computed to evaluate the size-specific likelihood of developing lymph node metastases among patients with microMTC. RESULTS: In total, 310 patients had microMTC; its incidence increased during the study period (Ptrend = .033), and microMTC as a proportion of all MTCs increased by 39%. The mean tumor size was 5.7 mm. Thirty-one percent of tumors were multifocal, and 7.8% had extrathyroid extension. Lymph node metastases occurred in nearly 37% of patients who had any lymph nodes removed (65 of 176 patients). Nearly 20% of patients had regional disease, and 5% had distant metastases. The overall 10-year survival rates for patients with localized, regional, and distant disease stages were 96%, 87%, and 50%, respectively (P 5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that microMTCs have significant rates of poor prognostic features known to impact the survival of patients with MTC. These microcarcinomas are an important clinical entity that requires comprehensive evaluation and surgical management. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Effect of phase distortions caused by narrowband filtering frequency-hopped signals

We investigate the ability of finite impulse response (FIR), and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters to remove narrowband interference from a frequency-hopped signal. It is possible to construct narrowband IIR filters with very few taps; however, these filters have a non-linear phase response, and Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that this increases the probability of bit error. FIR filters have a linear phase response, but require several orders of magnitude more taps to produce the same narrowband filter frequency response. Finally we consider forward and reverse processing with the IIR filter. By filtering the signal with an IIR filter and then time-reversing the signal and filtering it again, it is possible to have linear phase at the expense of an increase in processing complexity. Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate that forward and reverse processing significantly reduces the probability of bit error when IIR filters are used.
Thermochemical investigations of gas—liquid chromatography : II. Partition coefficients of alcohol solutes on binary solvent mixtures of inert hydrocarbons

Abstract An expression is derived for the chromatographic behavior of alcohol solutes on binary solvent mixtures of inert hydrocarbons based on the Kretschmer—Wiebe and Mecke—Kempter association models. The expression predicts a logarithmic relationship between the partition coefficient of the solute, K R(BC) , and solvent composition, ϕ B : and is identical with an expression derived earlier for systems containing only non-specific interactions. The fact that the above expression can be derived for both inert and self-assiciating solutes suggests that it is impossible to determine a solute's mode of self-association through chromatographic measurements on binary solvent mixtures.
Effects of Real-Time News Coverage on Foreign Policy

With its intrinsic urgency and often emotional content, real-time news coverage can compress the amount of time governments have for responding to a sudden crisis or to new developments in a foreign policy matter. The effects of this compression are debatable. One school of thought holds that news coverage generally can drive policymaking. On the other hand, the argument can be made that the impact of news coverage is overrated, and that competent policy makers resist news-generated pressures.
Using Culture Walks To Enhance Hispanic Culture In The Second Language Classroom

The present paper discusses both the methodologies on and student reaction to teaching Hispanic Culture through the use of authentic culture walks created by the instructor as well as students. Through the use of a virtual learning community, students learn Hispanic culture through reading discussions, viewing authentic video, reading descriptions, and through collaboration with others (from other countries and throughout the United States) by both synchronous and asynchronous means.
Structure and Development of Rabies Virus in Tissue Culture

Abstract Structure and development of two fixed rabies virus strains in baby hamster kidney cells (BHK/21) were investigated by electron microscopy. The morphological development was correlated with fluorescent-antibody staining and infectivity titration. The uptake of virus was enhanced by addition of diethylaminoethyl dextran, and structural changes became apparent in the cytoplasm 8 to 9 hr after infection, when fluorescent-antibody staining was first discernible. These changes consisted of matrices containing fibers replacing normal cytoplasmic structures. Virus particles appeared at the edges of these matrices and inside them at 24 to 48 hr. This corresponded to significant rises in intracellular infectious virus. Formation of virus particles by budding from cell membranes was seen at 72 hr. Further incubation of the infected cells resulted in synthesis of bizarre structural elements. The complete virus particle was bullet-shaped with an average size of 180 by 75 mμ. It consisted of an inner core of filamentous material surrounded by two membranes of different densities. The surface showed a honeycomb arrangement with surface protrusions 60 to 70 A long having a knoblike structure at their distal end. These surface protrusions were absent at the flat end of the virus particle.
Deformation of the Chiral Bag

A chiral bag including quarks, gluons, and pions is calculated perturbatively to second order. It is shown that the nonlinear boundary condition specifies not only that the bag energy be a minimum, but also specifies precisely the amount of deformation of the bag surface. To second order it is shown that the deformation of the nucleon is zero, and that the ..delta.. has an oblate (prolate) shape for spin projections of Vertical Barm/sub z/Vertical Bar = (3/2) ((1/2)). For the realistic cases considered, the square of the eccentricity varies from 0.048 to 0.188. The radii of the nucleon and ..delta.. are also calculated and the effects of the pion mass are discussed quantitatively. The breaking of the Goldberger-Treiman relation due to nonzero pion mass is evaluated and a violation of 4.5 to 8% is obtained which agrees well with the observed result of 6.5%.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows using a stabilized finite element method

Abstract Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of incompressible turbulent channel flows at Re τ = 180 and 395 (i.e., Reynolds number, based on the friction velocity and channel half-width) were performed using a stabilized finite element method (FEM). These simulations have been motivated by the fact that the use of stabilized finite element methods for DNS and LES is fairly recent and thus the question of how accurately these methods capture the wide range of scales in a turbulent flow remains open. To help address this question, we present converged results of turbulent channel flows under statistical equilibrium in terms of mean velocity, mean shear stresses, root mean square velocity fluctuations, autocorrelation coefficients, one-dimensional energy spectra and balances of the transport equation for turbulent kinetic energy. These results are consistent with previously published DNS results based on a pseudo-spectral method, thereby demonstrating the accuracy of the stabilized FEM for turbulence simulations.
Tiller Development Influences Seasonal Change in Cell Wall Digestibility of Big Bluestem(Andropogon gerardii)

The productivity of cool-season forage grasses declines during mid-summer in the southern corn belt of the USA. Warm-season grasses are productive during this time, but their digestibility decreases from spring to summer. The objective of this study was to investigate cell wall factors contributing to the decline in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) leaf blades from late spring (May) to mid-summer (July) under three harvest regimens. Under frequent defoliation, decrease in cell wall digestibility accounted for much of the change in IVDMD. Among cell wall constituents, only xylose and alkali-labile phenolic acids increased significantly from spring to summer. Change in p-coumaric acid content and the ratio of p-coumaric acid to ferulic acid were both negatively correlated with the decrease in cell wall digestibility. While glucose and uronic acid digestibility decreased from spring to summer, xylose was consistently the least digestible of the cell wall monomers. In warm-season grasses grown under constant environments, tiller development causes an increase in leaf structural tissue, and the data suggest that the seasonal decline in leaf blade cell wall digestibility was partially due to tiller development.
Observations on the life history and feeding ecology of a specialized nudibranch predator (Phyllodesmium poindimiei), with implications for biocontrol of an invasive octocoral (Carijoa riisei) in Hawaii

Abstract The azooxanthellate octocoral, Carijoa riisei (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1860) has spread throughout the Main Hawaiian Islands over the last 40 years proliferating in abundance. Given the rapid proliferation and ecological impact of the octocoral in Hawaii, there is interest in using the aeolid nudibranch Phyllodesmium poindimiei [Risbec, J., 1928. Contribution a l'etude des nudibranches Neo-Caledoniens. Faune des Colonies Francaises 2: 1–328], a specialized predator of Carijoa sp. in southern Australia, as a potential biocontrol agent. Using the nudibranch for biocontrol of C. riisei warrants examination of its life history and effectiveness at controlling its prey. The specialized nature of P. poindimiei predation is confirmed and some of its life history characteristics are described. The aeolid exhibits an approximately annual life cycle, has planktotrophic development and spawns continuously throughout the year, with no evidence of lunar patterns. However, the nudibranch was not successful at controlling C. riisei populations in any experimental feeding trial. Even under high nudibranch densities in aquaria, predation is incomplete, because portions of C. riisei are left unharmed. Additionally, sponge overgrowth suppresses nudibranch predation on the octocoral, and the portunid crab Thalamita integra is identified as a predator of P. poindimiei . Together these factors indicate that biocontrol of C. riisei using P. poindimiei should not be pursued.
“I Got to Try to Give Back”: How Reciprocity Norms in a Poor People’s Organization Influence Members’ Social Capital

Norms of reciprocity partially govern social support behavior, particularly in the context of an organization requiring participation in an exchange network. This article focuses on ethnographic interviews with 25 members of the Kensington Welfare Rights Union (KWRU). The social capital KWRU offers members helps them survive, but members can find reciprocity obligations onerous. Reciprocity fosters social capital for those who fulfill norms of reciprocity and hinders social capital for those who violate them. Reciprocity provides an avenue for involved members to build social capital crucial to survival, while it becomes a burden too great for some members to bear.
Selective projections from the cat red nucleus to digit motor neurons

Classical studies of the cat rubrospinal tract describe dense terminations in spinal laminae V–VII and an absence of any significant projection to lamina IX. In contrast, our recent studies, utilizing the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, have demonstrated a consistent and circumscribed area of label in lamina IX at caudal cervical segments. The present study was undertaken to determine the distribution of rubrospinal terminals among motor neurons in lamina IX as well as to identify the likely target muscles of those motor neurons located near rubrospinal terminals. We injected wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the red nucleus and unconjugated horseradish peroxidase into selected forearm muscles of the same side of the body. The locations of rubrospinal terminals showing anterograde label on one side of the spinal cord could then be compared with the locations motor neurons showing retrograde label on the opposite side of the cord. The results demonstrated a clear focus of rubrospinal terminals in the lateral and dorsal portions of the ventral horn beginning at C8 and extending through rostral T1. No other segments of the spinal cord showed a focus of rubrospinal terminations in lamina IX. Retrogradely labeled motor neurons from the muscle injections showed that the rubrospinal terminals overlap extensively with motor neuronal pools supplying distal forearm muscles. Several lines of evidence indicate that the terminals are from rubrospinal fibers and are not due to transneuronal transport.
Effect of impurities in the mössbauer spectroscopy of europium hexammine

Abstract Mossbauer resonance data indicate that, contrary to previous reports, Eu(NH 3 ) 6 does not order magnetically above 1.2°K. Chemical impurities which can affect the interpretation of the data are discussed.
Negative Regulation of FcϵRI-mediated Signaling and Mast Cell Function by the Adaptor Protein LAX

LAX is a transmembrane adaptor protein that is expressed in both T and B cells. Upon stimulation via the antigen receptors, it is tyrosine-phosphorylated and binds Grb2 and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Disruption of the Lax gene causes hyperresponsiveness in T and B lymphocytes. Here, we showed that LAX was also expressed in mast cells. Upon engagement of the FcϵRI, LAX was also phosphorylated and interacted with Grb2 and p85. LAX-deficient mast cells were hyperresponsive to stimulation via the FcϵRI, as evidenced by enhanced degranulation, p38 MAPK, Akt, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. This hyperresponsiveness was likely a consequence of reduced LAB expression after sensitization of mast cells with anti-dinitrophenyl IgE. In addition, FcϵRI-mediated cytokine production and cell survival were also enhanced. These data suggested that LAX negatively regulates mast cell function.
Stability of Free Surface Ekman Layers

Abstract The stability of free surface, laminar Ekman layers is examined for both the homogeneous and the two-layer case. The eigenvalues of the homogeneous case depend upon the wavenumbers α and γ and the Reynolds number Re. Those of the two-layer case depend upon α, γ, Re, the depth of the top layer, and the parameter Fr* = gδ(ρ* − ρ)/(Us2ρ), where g is the acceleration of gravity, δ is the Ekman scaling depth, ρ and ρ* are the densities of the top and bottom layers, respectively, and Us, is the mean speed at the surface. The behavior of the inflection point mode and the parallel mode of instability is examined as a function of the independent parameters in both cases.
A Study of Shell Texture of the Hen’s Egg

Abstract THE term “shell texture,” as used in describing egg shell quality, usually refers primarily to the presence of areas of greater translucency. These areas, ranging in size from pin points to areas covering the entire shell, bear no simple relation to other shell blemishes and irregularities. They become prominent when the shell is candled, and lend it a mottled appearance. For the purpose of this paper, the term “shell texture” will refer only to the quantity of these translucent areas and will disregard entirely all other characteristics. The occurrence of this uneven shell translucency has been explained in a number of ways, as follows. In no case has the explanation been substantiated by any certain evidence. 1. The more translucent spots indicate thinner portions of the shell. 2. The uneven distribution of small amounts of fat or oil throughout the shell may cause an uneven transmission of light, thus giving . . .
APL full screen editing and error handling

This paper describes the development theory and program dynamics of a full screen APL schedule editor. The form of our editor is similar to the full screen editor available under IBM's SPF facility under TSO. Program function keys control paging and save/no save exits, and an insert column allows the addition and deletion of schedule items. This editor is protocol intensive, and its uniqueness lies in the error processing routines which consider complex inter field relationships both within lines and between lines. This paper attempts to present an overall approach to full screen protocol intensive error handling and reviews the history of APL full screen applications with a special regard to error handling techniques.
Sum Rules for Variational Wavefunctions

It is demonstrated that the finite set of wavefunctions obtained by applying the variational principle to a linear combination of basis functions provides bonds to a number of sum rules and that by appropriate choice of the basis functions certain of the sum rules can be satisfied exactly.
Physiological compensation in unilateral eyestalk ablated crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus.

The eyestalks of crustaceans contain neurosecretory cells involved in the regulation of molting. In crayfish, bilateral ablation results in increased molting frequency and weight gain whereas unilateral ablation typically has no effect on molting frequency and weight gain. The effects of unilateral ablation were examined in juvenile Australian freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus. As observed for other crayfish species, molting frequency and weight gain of unilateral ablated crayfish were not significantly different from control (intact) crayfish. Survival of unilateral ablated crayfish, however, was reduced compared to controls and was likely due to stress associated with the surgical procedure itself. Using radiolabeling techniques, protein synthesis was determined for neural tissues from the remaining eyestalk of ablated crayfish and compared to protein synthesis of neural tissues from eyestalks of control, non-ablated crayfish. Protein synthesis of ablated crayfish neural tissues was significantly higher (ca. 45%) than protein synthesis of control neural tissues. Electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE and autoradiography) further demonstrated that protein synthesis increased linearly for all proteins in the remaining eyestalk of ablated crayfish. Together, these results suggest that a compensatory response occurred in unilateral ablated crayfish allowing normal physiological functions, particularly those involved in regulating growth cycles, to be maintained. J. Exp. Zool. 289:184–189, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reduction of BRCA1 expression in sporadic ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine BRCA1 expression and its relationship to cell proliferation in sporadic ovarian epithelial tumors (OETs). Methods. We investigated BRCA1 expression and cell proliferative activity in 72 unselected OETs. They comprised 16 benign cystadenomas, 18 borderline (low malignant potential) tumors, and 38 carcinomas (OECs). These patients had no known family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. BRCA1 and the cell proliferation marker, MIB-1, expressions in fixed tissue were investigated in all 72 cases by immunohistochemistry (IHC). BRCA1 mRNA in fresh frozen tissue samples from 20 of these cases was measured by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results. The average percentage of BRCA1-positive cells was 5.6% in cystadenomas, 29.7% in borderline tumors, and 6.6% in OECs. The average decreased steadily with increasing grade of OECs: grade 1 (21.4%), grade 2 (1.1%), and grade 3 (0%). The average percentage of MIB-1-positive cells increased steadily from cystadenomas (7.5%) to borderline tumors (22.6%) to carcinomas (41.2%). BRCA1 expression was highly correlated with MIB-1 expression in cystadenomas and borderline tumors. Six of seven OECs negative for BRCA1 by IHC showed low levels of BRCA1 mRNA by RT-PCR. Conclusions. BRCA1 expression paralleled cell proliferation in benign and borderline OETs, but not in OECs. Sporadic OECs showed significantly reduced levels, rather than complete loss, of BRCA1 expression. The reduction was closely related to tumor grade. Reduction of BRCA1 expression may be of etiologic significance in the occurrence and progression of sporadic ovarian cancer.
High speed separation of the light rare earths on centri-fugally accelerated ion-exchange paper

The separation of the rare earths, La, Cc, Pr, Nd, Sm and Y on centrifugally accelerated Amberlitc SA-2 cation-exchange paper was studied. All combinations of the elements can be completely separated except the Pr-Nd pair by using as cluant glycolic acid of a 'properly-chosen concentration (0.30 or 0.40 M) and pH (3.0 to 4.5). The Pr-Nd pair can be partially separated. The average number of ligand glycolato ions per rare earth ion in the resin phase was determined for each rare earth over the pa range 0.7 to 1.0.
Protein structure determination via an efficient geometric build-up algorithm

Background A protein structure can be determined by solving a so-called distance geometry problem whenever a set of inter-atomic distances is available and sufficient. However, the problem is intractable in general and has proved to be a NP hard problem. An updated geometric build-up algorithm (UGB) has been developed recently that controls numerical errors and is efficient in protein structure determination for cases where only sparse exact distance data is available. In this paper, the UGB method has been improved and revised with aims at solving distance geometry problems more efficiently and effectively.
Photoluminescence of CdSe self-assembled quantum dots: Experiments and models

We report on nonresonant nanophotoluminescence spectra of CdSe/ZnSe self-assembled quantum dots obtained through a series of apertures ranging in area from 21.8 to 0.006 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$. Spectra exhibit narrow peaks with \ensuremath{\sim}250-\ensuremath{\mu}eV linewidths superimposed on a broad feature with a \ensuremath{\sim}40-meV width. The broad feature is observed even at the smallest aperture sizes. Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the roles of both the broad and sharp peaks in the CdSe dot emission spectra. The spectra and a quantitative analysis support the physical picture of a self-assembled quantum dot with two distinct electronic states.
Coupling of a Replicative Polymerase and Helicase: A τ–DnaB Interaction Mediates Rapid Replication Fork Movement

The E. coli replication fork synthesizes DNA at the rate of nearly 1000 nt/s. We show here that an interaction between the tau subunit of the replicative polymerase (the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme) and the replication fork DNA helicase (DnaB) is required to mediate this high rate of replication fork movement. In the absence of this interaction, the polymerase follows behind the helicase at a rate equal to the slow (approximately 35 nt/s) unwinding rate of the helicase alone, whereas upon establishing a tau-DnaB contact, DnaB becomes a more effective helicase, increasing its translocation rate by more than 10-fold. This finding establishes the existence of both a physical and communications link between the two major replication machines in the replisome: the DNA polymerase and the primosome.
A point mutation in the extracellular domain of the human CSF-1 receptor (c-fms proto-oncogene product) activates its transforming potential

A human CSF-1 receptor containing an "activating" mutation in its extracellular domain (serine for leucine 301) induced morphologic transformation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity in mouse NIH 3T3 cells. A second regulatory mutation within the receptor's intracytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail (phenylalanine for tyrosine 969) augmented transforming efficiency but was itself insufficient to induce transformation. Like the v-fms oncogene product, receptors bearing the activating mutation retained high-affinity binding sites for CSF-1 but were retarded in transport to the cell surface and were phosphorylated on tyrosine in the absence of ligand. Although the activating mutation does not affect the CSF-1 binding site in the receptor extracellular domain, it must induce a conformational change that mimics the effect of ligand binding, resulting in CSF-1-independent signals for cell growth.
CoMFA and CoMSIA 3D QSAR and Docking Studies on Conformationally-Restrained Cinnamoyl HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: Exploration of a Binding Mode at the Active Site

Anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) drug discovery has been increasingly focusing on HIV integrase (IN) as a potential therapeutic target. This enzyme is required for the integration of reverse transcribed proviral DNA into the host cell's genome and is essential for the propagation of the HIV life cycle. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) three-dimensional quantitative structure−activity relationship (3D QSAR) studies and docking simulations were conducted on a series of potent conformationally restrained cinnamoyl inhibitors of HIV-1 IN (Artico; et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 3948−3960). Predictive 3D QSAR models were established using SYBYL multifit molecular alignment rule, which had conventional r2 and cross-validated coeffiecient (q2) values up to 0.981 and 0.721 for CoMFA and 0.975 and 0.804 for CoMSIA, respectively. These models were validated by an external test set (Burke; et al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 4171−4178). CoMF...
Activation of glucose transport under oxidative stress in Escherichia coli

Global transcription studies have identified a large number of redox-responsive genes, although the biological relevance of this regulation has not been experimentally tested. In particular, several genes coding for enzymes involved in glucose metabolism have been identified as redox-responsive in Escherichia coli. However, only zwf, which codes for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, has been shown experimentally to affect the cellular resistance to oxidative stress. We addressed the question of whether ptsG, coding for the membrane component of the glucose-specific transporter system, and pgi, coding for phosphoglucose isomerase, two additional genes identified in whole-genome functional screens, are indeed relevant in antioxidant defense. PTS assays showed that glucose transport was induced under oxidative stress elicited by the superoxide-producing agent paraquat (PQ). This induction of glucose transport under oxidative stress was dependent on the soxRS genes, coding for a sensor- transcriptional activator system, and ptsG. The binding of purified SoxS to the ptsG promoter region was shown by gel mobility-shift assay, and the activation of the ptsG promoter P1 was demonstrated by primer extension assays. Finally, a ptsG mutant strain was hypersensitive to PQ when grown in rich medium plus glucose, but not in rich medium without glucose. The pgi gene showed the same pattern of regulation by oxidative stress under the control of the SoxRS system, and a strain carrying a pgi deletion was hypersensitive to PQ.
Posterior parietal projections to the intraparietal sulcus of the rhesus monkey.

A cyto- and myeloarchitectonic parcellation of the intraparietal sulcus in the rhesus monkey was correlated with the pattern of afferent connections from the parietal lobe as determined by autoradiographic techniques. Area PEa in the upper bank receives topographically-organized input from the ventral and caudal superior parietal lobule and the medial surface of the parietal lobe. Area POa in the lower bank is the recipient of a projection from the rostral inferior parietal lobule. Area IPd, situated in the depth of the intraparietal sulcus, receives converging input from the caudal superior parietal lobule, medial surface of the parietal lobe, and mid-and caudal inferior parietal lobule. Finally, intrinsic sequences of connections, directed from rostral to caudal and caudal to rostral, exist within both areas PEa and POa, each having a distinctive laminar pattern of origins and terminations.
Dynamic two-dimensional infra-red spectroscopy of the crystal—amorphous interphase region in low-density polyethylene

Abstract Dynamic two-dimensional Fourier transform infra-red ( FT i.r.) spectroscopy has been used to study the nature of the interphase in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). A two-dimensional correlation analysis on the dynamic spectra indicates that neat LDPE is comprised of three regions: an ordered crystalline region, a disordered, liquid-like region, and a crystal/amorphous interfacial region. The 1468 cm −1 peak in the methylene bending region is assigned to all- trans structures which primarily reside in the interfacial region. A variety of LDPE samples with different additives are used in order to determine how the additives influence the dynamic mechanical properties of each morphological phase. It is found that talc associates with the crystallites, ethylene vinyl acetate is distributed in all three morphological phases of the LDPE, and pyrene is associated only with the non-crystalline regions.
Flow visualization of blending of elastomers and thermoplastics in an internal mixer

Flow visualization of blending elastomers and plastics in an internal mixer is described. This is based on observations from front and transverse glass windows placed on the mixer. This enabled us to investigate the flow behavior of pure polymers during the blending operation. The flow behavior was categorized into four regimes which depend on temperature and the polymer. The flow regimes dominate the phase morphology of blends of ethylene–propylene terpolymer and polystyrene. Various rotor designs used in this study creates different two phase morphology due to various flow fields.
Co-isolation of heat stress and cytoskeletal proteins with plasma membrane proteins

Previous reports have suggested the possible existence of a plasma-cell-membrane function associated with some heat stress proteins (HSPs). To investigate the effect of hyperthermia on plasma membrane proteins, rat mammary tumour clone C (MTC) cells were heated at 42 °C for 1 h. Their surface proteins were (1) labelled with [3H]leucine, (2) biotinylated, (3) affinity isolated with streptavidin-agarose beads under denaturing or non-denaturing conditions, and (4) analysed by one- and two-dimensional polyacry lamide-gel electrophoresis and protein blotting under denaturing conditions. Affinity isolation of biotinylated proteins enriched for a protein subfraction believed to be membrane-associated. Several proteins analogous to HSP or their heat-stress cognates (HSC) were present with these biotinylated protein subfractions in control or heated cells. The major and most consistent feature of affinity isolates from heated cells was the presence of a small fraction of the induced 68-kD HSP. The 112-, 90-, 70- a...
Effects of dietary fatty acids on the activity of glucose transport in adipocytes

Abstract Lipid structure of plasma membrane plays an important role in regulating D-glucose transport in adipocytes. To investigate the effects of diet-induced alteration in cellular fatty acids on the activity of D-glucose transport in adipocytes, we fed rats iso-nutrient diets with high (20 energy% safflower oil) or low (2 energy% safflower oil plus 18 energy% beef tallow) safflower oil. After 31 days, adipocytes were isolated from epididymal fat pads using collagenase and incubated at 310°K (37°C) in KRB buffer containing 3% bovine serum albumin. Two-deoxyglucose transport into adipocytes was measured using an oil centrifugation method at 2, 5, and 10 minutes of incubation. The composition of fatty acids was analyzed in the fat pad and adipocyte incubation mixture by using gas chromatography. In the fat pad, fatty acids were composed of 61% linoleic, 18% each of palmitic and oleic, and 0.7% arachidonic acids in the high safflower oil group, and 56% oleic, 31% palmitic, 8% linoleic acids in the low safflower oil group. The compositions of dietary fatty acids were reflected directly in the composition of fatty acids in the fat pads and in the compositions of fatty acids released from isolated adipocytes. The high safflower oil diet significantly increased D-glucose transport in adipocytes compared with the low safflower oil diet group (8.66 vs. 6.31 nmol 2-deoxyglucose transport per 106 cells at 5-minute incubation). The results suggest that lipid composition in the tissue may have a regulatory effect on adipocyte glucose transport. Diet-induced high polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tissue facilitates carrier-mediated D-glucose transport in adipocytes.
Auto-vectorization through code generation for stream processing applications

We describe language- and code generation-based approaches to providing access to architecture-specific vectorization support for high-performance data stream processing applications. We provide an experimental performance evaluation of several stream operators, contrasting our code generation approach with the native auto-vectorization support available in the GNU gcc and Intel icc compilers.
Terpolymerization of olefins and cis, cis‐1,5‐cyclo‐octadiene with sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide

The terpolymerization of propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, and cis, cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene with sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide at elevated temperatures and pressures has been studied. With the α-olefins, at carbon monoxide pressures of 1000 and 3000 atm. and temperatures above the ceiling temperature of the particular olefin-sulfur dioxide system, terpolymers of the olefin, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were obtained. With the diene, at these carbon monoxide pressures over a broad temperature range, similar terpolymers were obtained. All of these systems exhibited a ceiling temperature. The properties of these terpolymers were determined, and the structures and mechanism for the preparation of such structures postulated.
Colorimetric Cu2+ detection with a ligation DNAzyme and nanoparticles

Using a Cu2+-dependent DNA ligation DNAzyme, a colorimetric sensor for Cu2+ has been developed based on directed assembly of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles by the ligation product, and such ligation DNAzyme-based sensors are intrinsically more sensitive than cleavage DNAzyme systems due to the lack of background.
Counting the number of p × q integer matrices more concordant than a given matrix

A method for generating and counting the set of matrices of nonnegative integer elements with fixed row and column sums based on the 'more concordant' partial ordering is given. A counting formula is presented in the general case. A simple expression is given for @?(r"1, r"2, r"3, the cardinality of the set of 3 x 3 matrices with row sum (r"1, r"2, r"3) and column sum (r"1, r"2, r"3).
Renormalization group study of the three state three dimensional potts model

Abstract I present the results of a numerical Renormalization Group study of the Potts model with nearest neighbour and next-to-nearest neighbour couplings.
Impulsive displacement of liquid in a pipe

The solution of a viscous liquid, originally at rest in a pipe, which is set impulsively into motion by a pressure gradient is well known. Analyzing this solution shows that the displacement time – the time it takes to completely displace the liquid originally at rest in the pipe – falls primarily within an inviscid window. Assuming this result remains essentially unchanged when the displaced and displacing liquids are different we apply an inviscid analysis to determine the displacement time as a function of the density ratio of the liquids and the pressure difference. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Configurations of slack and their performance implications: an examination of high‐tech IPOs

Purpose – This study aims to improve the understanding of the relationship between organizational slack and firm performance for high technology initial public offerings (IPOs).Design/methodology/approach – Using cluster analysis the paper investigates configurations of slack and their associated performance implications.Findings – The findings indicate the existence of distinct configurations of slack resources and associated performance differences among the configurations. Implications of the findings for managerial practice and future research are discussed.Originality/value – The purpose of this study is to extend slack measurement research by examining the slack and performance relationship in high‐technology IPOs from a configurational perspective.
Beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization (BADCI) probe for ambient mass spectrometry

A new low activity 63Ni ionization technique, beta electron-assisted direct chemical ionization (BADCI) is reported and applied to the analysis of active ingredients in solid pharmaceutical tablets without sample preparation.
European measures of poverty and “social exclusion”: Material deprivation, consumption, and life satisfaction

The conventional view of poverty in the European Union countries is based on a relative measure, which defines all those with incomes below 60 percent of the median as poor. In the U.S., poverty is defined according to an absolute measure—the federal poverty line computed by the Census Bureau—which was $21,200 for a family of four in 2008 (somewhat higher in Alaska and Hawaii). In tallying up national rates of poverty, both the absolute and relative measures are adjusted for family size. Although these income-based measures generate social indicators that are concrete, plausible, and convenient to use, they fail to convey the experiential quality of poverty as a condition of life—living hungry, cold, unable to meet normal social expectations, and in dread of what the future holds. They also overlook the possession of other resources and sources of support that can alleviate the conditions of poverty. Several of the papers presented at the Joint OECD/University of Maryland International Conference on Measuring Poverty, Income Inequality, and Social Exclusion: Lessons from Europe aim to overcome these omissions by assessing levels of material deprivation and including measures of consumption and wealth in addition to income.
THEN AS NOW, WHY NIEBUHR?

The literature on the life and legacy of the American Protestant thinker Reinhold Niebuhr has long been driven by questions about Niebuhr's continued relevance. Like other contributions to the recent “Niebuhr revival,” each of the three books under consideration here raises this question—John Patrick Diggins's Why Niebuhr Now? (2011) by offering a series of “sympathetic reflections” on Niebuhr's central claim that human beings are both creatures and creators of history (ix); Daniel F. Rice's edited volume Reinhold Niebuhr Revisited (2009) by inviting a cadre of top Niebuhr scholars to make the case for Niebuhr's relevance to a new generation; and Rice's own Reinhold Niebuhr and His Circle of Influence (2013) by contending that close attention to Niebuhr's formative relationships sheds light on his ongoing relevance.
Parenteral fluid regimens in the treatment of severe diarrhea in infants

Summary The efficacy of three methods of parenteralfluid therapy in the repair of abnormalities of fluid and electrolyte balance accompanying severe diarrhea has been evaluated in 53 infants, all less than 15 months of age. Methods studied include a modification of Hartmann's regimen and those of Butler-Talbot and of Darrow. Serial observations before and during treatment with regard to clinical effects, blood pH, and plasma levels of base bicarbonate, sodium, and potassium are compared. The modified Hartmann method was found to be the most effective of the methods in promptness of relief of severe acidemia and acidosis, but frequently produced alkalemia and alkalosis during the second day of treatment. Deficits of potassium were not adequately repleted and were aggravated in a high percentage of the patients, and levels of plasma sodium frequently rose above the normal range in patients whose pretreatment values were normal or subnormal. In infants treated by the Butler-Talbotplan, acidemia, acidosis, and hyponatremia persisted over prolonged periods of time. Low levels of plasma potassium rapidly rose to normal, and subnormal pretreatment levels of potassium were often elevated above the normal range. The moderately elevated levels of potassium were unaccompanied by clinical evidence of hyperkalemia. Levels of blood pH and plasma base bicarbonate in infants treated by the Darrow regimen were slower in returning to the normal range than were those of the patients treated by the modified Hartmann method. Acidemia and acidosis were not so prolonged, however, as in the group treated by the Butler-Talbot regimen. Tendencies to overshoot the normal ranges for blood pH, plasma base bicarbonate, sodium, and potassium were not evident. Low levels of plasma sodium and potassium were effectively repaired by the use of this method. Hypernatremic infants in all three groupsstudied (regardless of which treatment method was used) responded to therapy in a similar manner with respect to clinical course and level of plasma electrolytes. All these infants were slow in returning to normalcy. The advantages and disadvantages of each method of treatment are discussed, and reommendations are made for their modification in accordance with findings of the study.
A shadow-moiré method with two discrete sensitivities

A shadow-moire method using a composite grating with two discrete pitches is proposed whereby the range of measurable deflection is enlarged as compared to the ordinary shadow-moire method.
Bilateral adrenalectomy in metastatic mammary cancer. An analysis of sixty-four cases.

Sixty-four patients have undergone bilateral adrenalectomy for metastatic mammary cancer at Barnes Hospital and Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital with 33% demonstrating an objective response of 6 months or longer. Eleven postoperative deaths occurred and were attributed largely to advanced pulmonary metastases. Adrenalectomy was most successful in patients with metastases limited to soft tissue or bone, who had had an interval free of apparent disease, lasting 24 months or more, between radical mastectomy and tumor recurrence. Those patients having inoperable primary disease responded as well to adrenalectomy as the overall group. A previous response of the tumor to either androgen therapy or oophorectomy increased the likelihood of response to adrenalectomy. Contraindications to adrenalectomy include central nervous system or hepatic metastases, advanced pleuralpulmonary metastases and a disease free interval of less than 18 months.
The rounding of the resistive transition in metallic lead films

Abstract The resistive transition of metallic lead films exhibit the rounding predicted by mean field theories of thermal fluctuations. Close to T c , the data depend on current density; deviations from the predicted behavior as T → T c are consistent with the expected breakdown of the theory.
Simulator Limitations and Their Effects on Decision-Making:

The use of simulators for skill evaluation is common in a number of fields, but the effect that various characteristics of simulators have on subject performance is not fully understood. Ten experienced trauma anesthesiologist participated in a full mission simulation of a real video taped trauma case management. This case contained critical events that require the participants to use clinical examinations and familiar and unfamiliar equipment contained in the simulator. Participants' performance differed from both the performance in the real case and ideal performance. The unfamiliarity with one complex piece of the equipment (ventilator function and controls) caused 4 out of 10 participants to be unable to finish the simulation. Surprisingly, unfamiliarity with another piece of equipment (new to all participants) did not have any dramatic impact. Anesthesia simulators have been successfully used in training anesthesiologists, but the demands of evaluation of clinical skills differ from training. Complex...
Differential feeding responses to central alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in genetically low and high body weight selected lines of chickens

This study was conducted to compare the effects of central α-MSH, a potent anorexigenic signal, in lines of chickens that have undergone long-term divergent selection for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight. Chicks from both lines were centrally injected with 0, 24, 120 or 600 pmol α-MSH and feed and water intake were concurrently measured thereafter for a total of 180 min. The LWS line responded to all doses of α-MSH with a similar potent decrease in feed intake at all observation times. The HWS line only responded to 600 pmol α-MSH with decreased feed intake. α-MSH did not influence water intake in either line. To determine if differential hypothalamic signaling was associated with the anorexigenic effect, c-Fos immunoreactivity was measured in appetite-related hypothalamic nuclei after 600 pmol central α-MSH injections. c-Fos immunoreactivity was increased in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventromedial hypothalamus in both lines after α-MSH; however, the magnitude of increase was greater in LWS than in HWS chicks at the PVN (136% vs. 47% increase over controls, respectively). Based on behavior observations, the number of feeding and exploratory pecks is decreased with greater magnitude after α-MSH in the LWS line. Additionally, α-MSH was associated with increased deep rest in both lines, and may be a secondary effect to reduced ingestion. These data support that the LWS line has a lower threshold for the anorexigenic effect of central α-MSH while in the HWS line this threshold is higher, and that this difference may be associated with differential hypothalamic signaling. Genetic variation exists in the threshold of anorexigenic response for central α-MSH in LWS and HWS lines of chickens with possible implications to other species including humans.