cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rising BMI Is Associated with Increased Rate of Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula after Distal Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), after distal pancreatectomy (DP), remains a clinical challenge. Prior studies investigating the relationship between BMI and CR-POPF have yielded c...
an interactive color display station for IC layout

Abstract A color display station is described which is used in the Hewlett Packard Interactive Graphics System (hp-IGS), an IC design system. The basic organization of the display station is described together with a summary of its capabilities. The display station is based upon an HP1000 running in an RTE environment. An intelligent display controller is employed to handle most low level graphic output functions. Communication is performed to a host HP3000 which performs all application dependent command interpretation and database management functions. Functional capabilities of the system include peripheral I/O control, coordinate transformation, a user programmable menu, and figure generation.
Active Learning in Engineering Graphics: An Analysis of Self-Efficacy for At-Risk and Not At-Risk Students.

Part of a more extensive National Science Foundation-funded study, this study presents the findings and analysis of the effect on three-dimensional modeling self-efficacy (3DSE) by the inclusion of online active learning modules (ALM). Using multiple datasets, we found that the use of ALM in an introductory engineering graphics course, closed a gap in 3DSE scores between majority and minority students, populations historically underrepresented in engineering. Although limited to a single university, the results support that the inclusion of active online learning may address an important construct known to be a factor in academic success and persistence in engineering.
It Takes a Village to Combat a Fake News Army: Wikipedia’s Community and Policies for Information Literacy:

The fake news crisis points to a complex set of circumstances in which new media ecologies struggle to address challenges related to authenticity, rhetorical manipulation and disinformation, and th...
Minor Parotidectomy Complications: A Systematic Review.

Objectives To report descriptive statistics for minor parotidectomy complications. Methods A systematic review was performed, selecting 235 studies for analysis. The incidence of complications was tabulated, and descriptive statistics calculated. Outlier studies, 1 standard deviation above the mean, were reexamined to determine potential causal factors for each complication. All studies were examined for statistically significant differences for any potential causal factor. Results The pooled incidence of minor complications reported were hematoma 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4-3.5), wound infection 2.3% (95% CI: 1.8-2.9), sialocele 4.5% (95% CI: 3.5-5.7), salivary fistula 3.1% (95% CI: 2.6-3.7), flap necrosis 1.7% (95% CI: 1.1-2.5), scar issues 3.6% (95% CI: 2.4-5.4), numbness 33.9% (95% CI: 25.6-43.4), and deformity 11.8 (95% CI: 6.9-19.5). Implants result in more wound complications, such as hematoma, sialocele, or salivary fistula. Sialocele and salivary fistula appear more frequently after less extensive parotid surgery, whereas hematoma, wound infections, flap necrosis, and aesthetic considerations are worse with more extensive resections. Conclusions Minor parotidectomy complications are more frequent than generally assumed and related to certain factors that should be investigated. Laryngoscope, 131:571-579, 2021.
Exploring explicit learning strategies: A dissociative framework for research

Abstract To explain learning, comparative researchers invoke an associative construct by which immediate reinforcement strengthens animal's adaptive responses. In contrast, cognitive researchers freely acknowledge humans' explicit-learning capability to test and confirm hypotheses even lacking direct reinforcement. We describe a new dissociative framework that may stretch animals' learning toward the explicit pole of cognition. We discuss the neuroscience of reinforcement-based learning and suggest the possibility of disabling a dominant form of reinforcement-based discrimination learning. In that vacuum, researchers may have an opportunity to observe animals' explicit learning strategies (i.e., hypotheses, rules, task self-construals). We review initial research using this framework showing explicit learning by humans and perhaps by monkeys. Finally, we consider why complementary explicit and reinforcement-based learning systems might promote evolutionary and ecological fitness. Illuminating the evolution of parallel learning systems may also tell part of the story of the emergence of humans' extraordinary capacity for explicit-declarative cognition.
Pilot Clinical Trial of Perioperative Durvalumab and Tremelimumab in the Treatment of Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.

Purpose: Despite the prognostic importance of immune infiltrate in colorectal cancer, immunotherapy has demonstrated limited clinical activity in refractory metastatic proficient mismatch-repair (pMMR) colorectal cancer. This study explores combining anti–CTLA-4 and an anti–PD-L1 therapy in the preoperative management of resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases with the intent to improve immune responses in this disease setting. Patients and Methods: Patients with resectable colorectal cancer liver-only metastases received one dose of tremelimumab and durvalumab preoperatively followed by single-agent durvalumab postoperatively. Primary objectives were to determine feasibility and safety. Results: A total of 24 patients were enrolled between November 2016 and November 2019. Twenty-three patients received treatment [21 pMMR and 2 deficient mismatch-repair (dMMR)] and subsequently 17 (74%; 95% CI: 53%–88%) underwent surgical resection. Grade 3/4 treatment-related immune toxicity and postoperative grade 3/4 toxicity were seen in 5/23 (22%; 95% CI: 10%–44%) and 2/17 (12%; 95% CI: 2%–38%) patients. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 9.7 (95% CI: 8.1–17.8) months, and overall survival was 24.5 (95% CI: 16.5–28.4) months. Four patients demonstrated complete pathologic response, two dMMR patients and two POLE mutation patients. Pre- and post-tumor tissue analysis by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and RNA sequencing revealed similar levels of T-cell infiltration, but did demonstrate evidence of CD8+ and CD4+ activation posttreatment. An increase in B-cell transcriptome signature and B-cell density was present in posttreatment samples from patients with prolonged RFS. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the safety of neoadjuvant combination tremelimumab and durvalumab prior to colorectal cancer liver resection. Evidence for T- and B-cell activation following this therapy was seen in pMMR metastatic colorectal cancer.
Two-Dimensional Federalism and Foreign Affairs Preemption

The Supreme Court has established that foreign affairs preemption exists, but it has never provided a sound theoretical foundation. Its logic has been often contradictory, occasionally using different types of both explicit and implied preemption. This Article unpacks these varying degrees of preemption and uses emerging scholarship in the field of horizontal federalism along with more traditional conceptions of federalism to articulate a coherent doctrinal framework.
Users of a regional telephone-based traveler information system – a study of TravInfo™ users in the San Francisco Bay Area

This paper reports the results of a 1998 survey carried out among a small sample of people who had called the TravInfo™ Travel Advisory Telephone System (TATS) in April 1997 looking for current information about traffic conditions in the San Francisco Bay Area. The survey employed a series of tradeoff questions designed to identify the specific attributes of the information that the respondents felt to be most important, and to estimate the relative values that these users had for various possible information improvements. Despite the small size of the sample, it proved feasible to investigate how the implicit valuations placed on each attribute of the service (update frequency, extent of road coverage, and level of customization) varied among different user segments. For the most part, respondents appeared to value basic enhancements – those that establish an initial quality differential above the baseline set by free broadcast traffic information – more than they value further subsequent improvements. Overall, more frequent information updates are the highest priority among the range of possible enhancements explored in the survey, followed by an extension of coverage to include major arterials in addition to freeways. However, the evidence suggests relatively little value in door-to-door coverage – that is, coverage of streets beyond the freeway and major arterial networks. This research produced some estimates of the average monetary values ("willingness to pay") that the sample of current users attached to information improvements of various kinds. While these values varied among subgroups in ways that fit a priori expectations, it is not clear whether they provide an unbiased picture of the users' absolute levels of willingness to pay, such that they could be used reliably to inform (for example) information pricing decisions. The value of this research lies more clearly in the light it sheds on the relative structure of user preferences, and on the variations in preferences between information attributes and market segments. Overall, the authors conclude that the prospects for self-sustaining ATIS services are unclear. In response to a direct question, a majority of users (perhaps influenced by a strategic bias) indicated that they were unwilling to pay for ATIS services; some of these same people, however, indicated later that they might indeed be willing to buy a particular enhanced ATIS package, in direct competition with free broadcast services.
Two-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine Fuel Economy Improvement and Emission Reduction

The 8V-71 TAE engine was developed to provide improved fuel economy and reduced emissions. The effects of turbocharger-blower matching, air charge cooling, and combustion system design changes are presented. Steady state smoke reductions achieved through improved air utilization are compared with improvements in transient smoke on the Federal smoke test cycle.
Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a chimeric molecule that consists of hydrogen-bonding purine and pyrimidine heterocycles attached to a pseudopeptide backbone. The bases allow the recognition of specific DNA or RNA sequences, which results in hybrid multihelical structures. The lack of a negative charge on the PNA backbone eliminates Coulombic repulsion from target DNA and RNA strands, which results in high affinity hybridization. These properties have led to a diverse set of applications for PNA, which includes antisense/antigene inhibition of gene expression, various DNA/RNA detection assays, nucleic acid labeling and purification technologies, and programmed assembly of nanoscale materials. The modular design of PNA has led to the synthesis of several “next-generation” analogs that promise to improve PNA's performance in many existing applications as well as to open doors to new applications. Although most prior research on PNA has focused on its nucleic acid-like character, recent developments of the peptide-like aspects of PNA promise to stimulate additionally the work on this fascinating DNA mimic.
Syrian Immigrants and Debates on Racial Belonging in the Los Angeles, 1875-1945

This essay explores debates around race and citizenship in the Syrian immigrant community in Los Angeles in the first half of the 20th century. Using naturalization records and othe sources, it argues for the fruitful intersections of Arab American, Latino and Asian American studies.
A Standardized Generalized Dimensionality Discrepancy Measure and a Standardized Model‐Based Covariance for Dimensionality Assessment for Multidimensional Models

The standardized generalized dimensionality discrepancy measure and the standardized model-based covariance are introduced as tools to critique dimensionality assumptions in multidimensional item response models. These tools are grounded in a covariance theory perspective and associated connections between dimensionality and local independence. Relative to their precursors, they allow for dimensionality assessment in a more readily interpretable metric of correlations. A simulation study demonstrates the utility of the discrepancy measures’ application at multiple levels of dimensionality analysis, and compares them to factor analytic and item response theoretic approaches. An example illustrates their use in practice.
Arc-Resistant Equipment

Because of the recent focus on arc flash hazards, arc-resistant equipment is becoming increasingly common in industrial facilities throughout North America. This article addresses arc-resistant equipment as it applies to low-voltage motor control centers (LVMCCs) [National Electric Manufacturing Association (NEMA) 600 V LVMCC/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 690 V LV control gear}. A brief overview and history of applicable internal arc fault testing guides (IEEE C37.20.7 and IEC/TR 61641) are included. Test procedures and their considerations as well as arc-resistant assessment criteria are reviewed. An examination of various methods to achieve an arc resistant rating (device-limited rating and duration rating) as well as considerations for implementing arc-resistant equipment are addressed.
Maternal antipaternal immunity in couples predisposed to repeated pregnancy losses.

: Maternal antipaternal immunity was compared between a group of 12 couples with normal reproductive histories and a group of 13 couples with obstetrical histories of more than one consecutive stillbirth or repeated pregnancy loss subsequent to having had successfully carried to term. Couples were studied for maternal-paternal HLA antigen sharing and for maternal antihusband immunity in tests detecting both complement dependent and independent antibodies as well as in an assay measuring direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity. There was no significant difference in the proportion of HLA antigen sharing between these two groups; however, the women in the pregnancy loss group demonstrated significantly more antipaternal immunity than their normal childbearing counterparts and more than previously described for aborting couples who share HLA antigens. Screening of the cytotoxic sera on a well characterized cell panel failed to reveal alloreactivity patterns consistent with paternal HLA antigen profiles. These data demonstrate that certain women who suffer recurrent pregnancy losses can mount vigorous immune responses to paternal lymphocyte antigens. We propose that the appearance of such lymphocytotoxins represents inappropriate maternal immune responses to fetal extraembryonic antigens that may subsequently result in fetal demise
Case Management and Client Access to Health and Social Services in Outpatient Substance Abuse Treatment

A primary goal of case management is to coordinate services across treatment settings and to integrate substance abuse services with other types of services offered in the community, including housing, mental health, medical, and social services. However, case management is a global construct that consists of several key dimensions, which include extent of case management coverage, the degree of management of the referral process, and the location of case management activity (on-site, off-site, or both). This study examines the relationship between specific dimensions of case management and the utilization of health and ancillary social services in outpatient substance abuse treatment. In general, results suggest that more active case management during the referral process and providing case management both on-site and off-site are most consistent with our predictions of greater use of health and ancillary social services by substance abuse clients. However, these effects are specific to general health care and mental health services. Case management appears to have little effect on use of social services or aftercare plans.
Coaxial Multiferroic Nanorod Arrays

We have developed a facile yet versatile method for fabricating coaxial nanowires of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with multiferroic layers, such as BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4. Oxide coatings were deposited by pulsed laser deposition, and a variety of deposition parameters were studied. Arrays of such multiferroic-coated CNTs offer a mean to design novel nanostructures with high surface areas.
Computer-aided design/drafting management within the united states air force logistics command civil engineering organization

Abstract The United States Air Force civil engineering organization is responsible for the design, construction, and maintenance of over $115 billion dollars worth of facilities at bases around the world. Many civil engineering functions and offices have procured or are in the process of procuring computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) technology to assist in accomplishing their assigned tasks. Specific areas where automation is anticipated as being most helpful include maintaining facility information, design and engineering, operations and maintenance, project management, master planning, and space planning and management. The actual achievement of these capabilities is less dependent on hardware or software and relies more on a comprehensive and achievable implementation and system management plan. The Air Force civil engineering implementation and management plan consists of four separate but related sections: the benefits/needs analysis; the application/action plan; the CADD standards manual; and the CADD user's guide.
Global APSA: An Institutional Perspective

As the University of Washington prepared for the arrival of Dr. Paul Farmer, a global health doctor and the subject of the campus common book, Mountains Beyond Mountains (New York: Random House, 2003), a team of faculty, administrators, and community leaders promoted ideas of global citizenship both on and off the territorial boundaries of the campus. The book, selected for its resonance with issues of general interest to the campus (interdisciplinary approaches, student engagement, a new global health initiative, the power of ideas, the role of entrepreneurship, and the capacity for non-state actors in world politics to shape agendas), had acquired a following more like a social movement than an administrative initiative. Coffee shops adjoining the campus featured copies of the book, and honors students coordinated and invited faculty members to come to evening discussion sessions. As University of Washington Professor Jonathan Mayer commented, “I have seen this book change careers and change lives.”
Exposure to o-Toluidine, Aniline, and Nitrobenzene in a Rubber Chemical Manufacturing Plant: A Retrospective Exposure Assessment Update

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health previously conducted a retrospective cancer incidence and mortality study of workers employed at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant. Compared with New York State incidence, the bladder cancer risk was 6.5 times higher for workers considered to have definite exposure to ortho-toluidine and aniline, and 4 times higher for workers with possible exposure. Exposure characterization in the original study utilized a surrogate measure based only on departments in which each worker was ever employed. As part of an update of that study, some departments in the three original exposure groups were reclassified based on a follow-up site visit; interviews with employees, management, and union representatives; and review of records including exposure data. An additional evaluation of department-job combinations, rather than only departments, was used to stratify exposure into four categories. An approximate rank of “relative” exposure level for each department...
Self-Assembling DNA Quadruplex Conjugated to MRI Contrast Agents

We report the preparation and magnetic resonance (MR) characterization of new MRI contrast agents based on gadolinium complexes conjugated to a self-assembling DNA quadruplex scaffold. As a single ...
The four hundred years of planetary science since Galileo and Kepler

For 350 years after Galileo's discoveries, ground-based telescopes and theoretical modelling furnished everything we knew about the Sun's planetary retinue. Over the past five decades, however, spacecraft visits to many targets transformed these early notions, revealing the diversity of Solar System bodies and displaying active planetary processes at work. Violent events have punctuated the histories of many planets and satellites, changing them substantially since their birth. Contemporary knowledge has finally allowed testable models of the Solar System's origin to be developed and potential abodes for extraterrestrial life to be explored. Future planetary research should involve focused studies of selected targets, including exoplanets.
GFP-expressing locus ceruleus neurons from Prp57 transgenic mice exhibit CO2/H+ responses in primary cell culture

The locus ceruleus (LC) contains neurons that increase their firing rate (FR) in vitro when exposed to elevated CO2/H+ and have been proposed to influence the respiratory network to make compensato...
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for pulmonary hypertension.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a term that has been proposed by Dr. Kenneth Moser to describe a progressively debilitating process that occasionally follows venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. In the past, the disease was dramatically underdiagnosed for several reasons: 1) th
Absorption of the Hydrogen Line 1215.7 A. by Air

IN a recent letter1, S. E. Williams reports measurement of the absorption in air and oxygen of the first line of the Lyman series of hydrogen, Ly±, at 1215.7 A. This problem is of interest because of the suggestion by Martyn et al.2 that Ly± radiation from solar eruptive areas may be responsible for radio fade-outs. Williams's result was that a path length of 0.04 cm. of oxygen reduces the intensity of Ly± by a factor of one half. This represents an absorption coefficient about fifty times as large as that found in a recent determination of mine3.
Ancestral head of Wilmington Canyon

A 12-channel seismic-reflection survey over parts of the head of Wilmington Canyon and the surrounding shelf revealed four major buried valleys and many small channels. The data indicate that the ancestral Delaware River valley was the most recent of a series of valleys to enter the canyon from the west. The head of Wilmington Canyon probably was eroded and then filled at various times from late Miocene to late Pleistocene time. Thick sedimentary sequences indicate a sediment supply from both the north and west. A large buried valley entering the canyon from the north was not mapped with the data presented here, but it is possible that such a valley exists. This is one of the first documentations of the long history of erosion of the United States east coast canyons.
Vietnam veterans in the general hospital: Seven years later

Vietnam era veterans who were originally part of a sample of 300, were surveyed in 1982 and again in 1989. There were significant increases in symptom scores in 5 of 20 questions for the combat veteran subgroup from 1982 to 1989. The avoidance group of symptoms had the highest scores in 1989. Combat veterans continued to be more symptomatic than their non-combat contemporaries. Vietnam veterans estimate of combat activity differed with the passage of time.
Molecular dynamics simulation on rapid boiling of water on a hot copper plate

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to study the rapid boiling of liquid water film heated by a hot copper plate in a confined space. A more physically-sound thermostat is applied to control the temperature of the metal plate and then to heat water molecules that are placed in the elastic wall confined simulation domain. The results show that liquid water molecules close to the plate are instantly overheated and undergo a rapid phase transition. A non-vaporization molecular layer, with a constant density of 0.2 g/cm 3 , tightly attached to the surface of the plate is observed. Temperatures at three corresponding regions, which are vapor, liquid, and vapor from the top plate surface, are also computed and analyzed along with the piston-like motion of the bulk liquid film.
Child and Adolescent Social-Emotional Development Within the Context of School

Children and adolescents exposed to violence may develop mental health problems, impacting their ability to develop appropriate social-emotional skills. Limited development of social-emotional skills has been associated with poor performance in school. A review of the literature was conducted to better understand social-emotional development in children and its role in a child's ability to function in the school setting. The developmental psychopathology framework is used to illuminate the dynamic relationship between children and their contexts. Specifically, the context of school is explored to identify its role in providing services that address the needs of children and adolescents with social-emotional limitations.
Longitudinal monitoring of demineralization peripheral to orthodontic brackets using cross polarization optical coherence tomography.

Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) can be used to longitudinally monitor demineralization peripheral to orthodontic brackets in an extended clinical study.
Hydrophobization of Inorganic Oxide Surfaces Using Dimethylsilanediol

Dimethylsilanediol is a stable crystalline solid that was described in 1953. As the monomer of an important class of commercial products (poly(dimethylsiloxanes)-silicones, PDMS) and as a simple molecule in its own right (the silicon analog of acetone hydrate), it has been neglected by several fields of fundamental and applied research including the hydrophobization of inorganic oxide surfaces. We report that dimethylsilanediol is a useful reagent for the surface modification (hydrophobization) of oxidized silicon and other oxidized metal surfaces and compare the wetting properties of modified solids with those of conventionally modified surfaces. That water is the only byproduct of this modification reaction suggests that this and likely other silanediols are useful surface-modification agents, particularly when substrate corrosion or the competitive adsorption of byproducts is an issue. We note that dimethylsilanediol is volatile with a significant vapor pressure at room temperature. Vapor-phase surface modifications are also reported.
Reducing stroke in women with risk factor management: blood pressure and cholesterol.

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in adults worldwide. Prevention focused on modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, has shown them to be of significant importance in decreasing the risk of stroke. Multiple studies have brought to light the differences between men and women with regards to stroke and these risk factors. Women have a higher prevalence of stroke, mortality and disability and it has been shown that preventive and treatment options are not as comprehensive for women. Hence, it is of great necessity to evaluate and summarize the differences in gender and stroke risk factors in order to target disparities and optimize prevention, especially because women have a higher lifetime risk of stroke. The purpose of this review is to summarize sex differences in the prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. In addition, we will review the sex differences in stroke prevention effectiveness and adherence to blood pressure and cholesterol medications, and sugges...
High Speed Three-Dimensional Endoscopic OCT Using MEMS Technology

We present a three-dimensional (3-D) endoscopic OCT system based on a dual axis scanning microelectromechanical system (MEMS) mirror.
RELATIONS OF FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES IN STREAMS OF CENTRAL NEBRASKA, USA

Nine sites on streams in the Platte River Basin in central Nebraska were sampled as part of the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program during 1993–1994. A combination of canonical correspondence analysis and an index of biotic integrity determined from fish community data produced complementary evaluations of water-quality conditions. Results of the canonical correspondence analysis were useful in showing which environmental variables were significant in differentiating fish communities at the nine sites. Five environmental variables were statistically significant in the analysis. Median specific conductance of water samples collected at a site accounted for the largest amount of variability in the species data. Although the percentage of the basin as cropland was not the first variable chosen in a forward selection process, it was the most strongly correlated with the first ordination axis. A rangeland-dominated site was distinguished from all others along that axis. Median orthophosphate concentration of samples collected in the year up to the time of fish sampling was most strongly correlated with the second ordination axis. The index of biotic integrity produced results that could be interpreted in terms of the relative water quality between sites. Sites draining nearly 100% cropland had the lowest scores for two individual metrics of the index of biotic integrity that were related to species tolerance. Effective monitoring of water quality could be achieved by coupling methods that address both the ecological components of fish communities and their statistical relationships to environmental factors.
Psychological factors predict disability and pain intensity after skeletal trauma.

Background: The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the prevalence of clinical depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) one to two months (Time 1) and five to eight months (Time 2) after musculoskeletal trauma and (2) determine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship of psychological variables (depression, PTSD, catastrophic thinking, and pain anxiety) at Time 1 to musculoskeletal disability and pain intensity at Time 1 and Time 2, after accounting for injury characteristics and demographic variables. Methods: Patients with one or more fractures that had been treated operatively completed measures of depression, PTSD, pain anxiety, catastrophic thinking, musculoskeletal disability (the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment [SMFA]), and pain (the Numerical Rating Scale) at rest and during activity at Time 1 (152 patients) and at Time 2 (136 patients). Additional explanatory variables included injury severity, use of opioid pain medication at Time 1, and multiple or single injuries. Results: The screening criteria for an estimated diagnosis of clinical depression were met by thirty-five of the 152 patients at Time 1, and twenty-nine of the 136 patients at Time 2. Screening criteria for an estimated diagnosis of PTSD were met by forty-three of the 152 patients at Time 1 and twenty-five of the 136 patients at Time 2. Cross-sectional hierarchical linear regression models that included multiple injuries, scores of the Abbreviated Injury Scale, and self-reported opioid use explained between 24% and 29% of the variance in pain and disability, respectively, at Time 1. After the addition of psychological variables, the model explained between 49% and 55% of the variance. Catastrophic thinking (as measured with use of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale) at Time 1 was the sole significant predictor of pain at rest, pain during activity, and disability (as measured with use of the SMFA) at Time 2. Conclusions: We found that psychological factors that are responsive to cognitive behavioral therapy—catastrophic thinking, in particular—are strongly associated with pain intensity and disability in patients recovering from musculoskeletal trauma. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. Peer Review: This article was reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief and one Deputy Editor, and it underwent blinded review by two or more outside experts. It was also reviewed by an expert in methodology and statistics. The Deputy Editor reviewed each revision of the article, and it underwent a final review by the Editor-in-Chief prior to publication. Final corrections and clarifications occurred during one or more exchanges between the author(s) and copyeditors.
Implementation of hybrid version management in hardware transactional memory

Transactional Memory (TM) has been proposed as an alternative to locks to simplify parallel programming. While most research has focused on the architectural support of TM, it is at least equally important to investigate the hardware implementation of the key mechanisms of TM to facilitate its deployment in commercial processors. In this paper, we present a light-weight and generic implementation of the key structures to support hybrid version management in Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM). Full-system simulation demonstrates the performance advantage of our design (up to 40% improvement). Synthesis results show that the hardware structures incur an area overhead of only 0.4% and a power overhead of 1.65% to the Sun Rock processor design.
An immunocytotoxicity assay for neural cells in monolayer cultures

The immunological analysis of cell surface constituents which may characterize neuronal and glial populations, though still in its infancy, will greatly facilitate the investigation of several important problems in neurobiology. One critical component of such analyses is the way by which a given antiserum can be shown to be active on, and possibly selective for neurons and glial cells from normal neural tissues. This report describes the use of monolayer cultures of normal neural cells for recognition and quantitative titration of antisera directed against them. Sera were collected from rabbits immunized with chick embryo spinal cord cell susptnsions, and found to be reactive to the same cells in the initial cell dissociate as well as in subsequent monolayer cultures of different in vitro ages. A monolayer assay procedure was developed, which (i) uses small numbers of cells and small volumes of immune reagents, with the possibility of further scaling down; (ii) applies equally to cultures using different substrata; (iii) permits differential counts of morphologically different cultured cells; (iv) allows to recognize cytological damage imposed by the immune serum in the presence, though not in the absence, of complement; and (v) quantitatively titrates the immune activity with 10- to 20-fold higher sensitivity than other titration procedures. While the study was not intended to investigate the possible specificities of the new antisera, it provided the unexpected observation that non-neuronal cells in these spinal cell cultures were considerably less sensitive than neurons to the complement-dependent action of the antisera.
Enhancement of magnetoelectric coupling in functionally graded ferroelectric and ferromagnetic bilayers

A model is presented for magnetoelectric (ME) effects in a functionally graded ferroelectric-ferromagnetic bilayer. A linear grading of the piezoelectric coefficient and permittivity in the ferroelectric and a similar grading of piezomagnetic coefficient in the ferromagnet are assumed. The ME coupling at low frequencies and at mechanical resonance due to bending oscillations have been estimated and applied to the specific case of bilayers of nickel zinc ferrite and lead zirconate titanate with the grading axis perpendicular to the sample plane. Both free-standing bilayers and bilayer on a substrate have been considered. The thickness dependence of piezomagnetic and piezoelectric coefficients leads to an additional flexural strain and the theory predicts an enhancement in the strength of ME coupling compared to homogeneous compositions. The enhancement in the case of a free-standing bilayer is on the order of 50% at low frequencies and at electromechanical resonance (EMR). For the case of a bilayer on a substrate, the low-frequency ME coefficient is maximum when the substrate and the bilayer are of equal thickness. The coupling weakens with increasing substrate thickness. With increasing substrate thickness, the ME coefficient at EMR is expected to show an initial rapid decrease, followed by an increase and a broad maximum. The resonance frequency is predicted to show a linear increase with increasing substrate thickness.
Enxymology of human colon tumors

Abstract The biochemical strategy of human colon adenocarcinoma was studied by elucidating the enzymic programs of pyrimidine biosynthesis and degradation, glycolysis, pentose phosphate production, and galactose metabolism in normal colon mucosa and in 9 cases of primary colon adenocarcinoma. Enzymic activities were determined in the 100,000 X g supernatant fluid with spectrophotometric or isotopic assays under optimum conditions yielding linear kinetics. In the human colon tumors the activities of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, CTP synthetase, OMP decarboxylase, and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, were increased to 348, 183, and 201% of those of normal human colon mucosa. The activities of the salvage pathway enzymes, thymidine kinase, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase and uridine kinase, were increased to 331, 254 and 281%. By contrast, the activity of the catabolic enzyme, uridine phosphorylase, was decreased to 69%. The ratio of activities of uridine kinase/ uridine phosphorylase was elevated to 564%. The activities of the key glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase and pyruvate kinase, and those of pentose phosphate production, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and transaldolase, increased to 348, 209, 262, 156, and 180% respectively. The activity of the first committed enzyme of galactose utilization, galactokinase, was increased to 315%. The enzymic program of human primary colonic adenocarcinoma was similar in most respects to that which we observed in chemically-induced, transplantable adenocarcinomas of the colon in mouse and in rat (4). The reprogramming of gene expression in human colon tumor provides an increased capacity for biosynthesis of pyrimidines and ribose 5-phosphate, and for utilization of the glycolytic pathway and of galactose. These alterations in gene expression should confer selective advantages to the human colon tumor cells. The marked elevations in the activities of the salvage enzymes, uridine-cytidine kinase and thymidine kinase, explain in part the failure to obtain good therapeutic results with inhibitors of the de novo pathway and account, in part at least, for the clinical difficulties encountered in the treatment of colon tumors. The elevated activities of CTP synthetase, OMP decarboxylase, uridine-cytidine kinase and thymidine kinase mark out these enzymes as targets for combination chemotherapy. Through such enzyme-pattern-targeted chemotherapy the drug treatment of human colon tumors should be improved.
Treatment Strategies for Online Role-Playing Gaming Problems in Couples

There are many ways that the use of technology, including gaming, enriches couples’ lives such as allowing partners to interact in a different sphere that enhances their communication. Online role-playing gaming can help couple relationships in the development of social interactions and increased understanding of gender roles and a partner's context and may appropriately increase the use of fantasy within a relationship; on the other hand, online gaming may pose unique challenges for couples. The purpose of this article is to outline the challenges related to massively multiplayer online role-playing games, including individual challenges, challenges to daily life, and threats to intimacy. We also provide specific assessment and treatment strategies that address the challenges based on a multitheoretical model regarding the influence of technology on couple relationships.
Noncommutative geometry on a discrete periodic lattice and gauge theory

We discuss the quantum mechanics of a particle in a magnetic field when its position ${x}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ is restricted to a periodic lattice, while its momentum ${p}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ is restricted to a periodic dual lattice. Through these considerations we define non-commutative geometry on the lattice. This leads to a deformation of the algebra of functions on the lattice, such that their product involves a ``diamond'' product, which becomes the star product in the continuum limit. We apply these results to construct non-commutative U(1) and $\mathrm{U}(M)$ gauge theories, and show that they are equivalent to a pure $\mathrm{U}(\mathrm{NM})$ matrix theory, where ${N}^{2}$ is the number of lattice points.
Thermal analysis of pyrotechnic compositions containing potassium chlorate and lactose

Abstract Thermal analysis of a mixture containing potassium chlorate and lactose 50:50, which is commonly used in vaporizing pyrotechnic compositions, has revealed that there are two principal exothermic reactions in the absence of air. The first, coinciding with the fusion of lactose at approximately 200°C, is the oxidation of the lactose by the chlorate and may be represented by the stoichiometric reaction (1). 8 KC 10 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 − H 2 O→8 KC 1+12 CO 3 +12 H 2 O , It is postulated that this reaction is initiated by the partial solution of the potassium chlorate in the lactose, and terminates when there is no liquid lactose in the mixture. This is followed immediately by the dehydration of lactose, represented by Eq. (2) C 12 H 22 O 11 − H 2 O→12 C +12 H 2 O . This reaction terminates when approximately half the maximum possible amount of water is evolved, and does not contribute to the exothermicity at this stage. The second exothermic reaction occurs at about 340°C and is probably initiated by the fusion of the potassium chlorate. This reaction is the oxidation of the carbonaceous organic residues by the remaining potassium chlorate. Since there is an excess of fuel in this mixture other slow exothermic reactions occur in the presence of air due to further oxidation of the fuel. These reactions will not occur during combustion, when the ingress of air is prevented. An application of thermal analysis to a practical pyrotechnic composition is presented and discussed.
THE USE OF INTERFERENCE REFLECTION CONTRAST IN THE EXAMINATION OF DIATOM VALVES.

Even though scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is now needed to identify some species of diatoms, the majority of identifications and quantification of these organisms in ecological works is accomplished with a light microscope, using transmitted light optical methods. In this paper we demonstrate the use of interference reflection contrast (incident light) for the examination of diatoms, a method that significantly improves the resolution of structural detail, and therefore, identification of diatom taxa with light microscopy. Using incident light we were routinely able to distinguish between structures that were close to the theoretical limit of resolution for visible light, and that were not resolvable with such standard transmitted light techniques as phase contrast and differential interference contrast (DIC). Light microscopes with epi-illumination light paths can be easily and inexpensively outfitted to use this simple technique. Key index wards: Bacillariophyceae; diatoms; incident light; interference reflection contrast; resolution Abbreviations: DIC, differential interference contrast; IRC, interference reflection contrast; LM, light microscopy
Hypercalcemia: A Quick Reference

This article serves as a quick reference for hypercalcemia. Guidelines for causes, clinical signs, analysis, and diagnosis are presented in a stepwise approach.
Is a reduction in radiation lung volume and dose necessary with paclitaxel chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer?

Purpose: To evaluate and quantify the effect of irradiated lung volume, radiation dose, and paclitaxel chemotherapy on the development of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes. Methods and Materials: We previously reported the incidence of RP among 41 patients with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy (RT) and adjuvant paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy. We recorded the central lung distance, a measure of the extent of lung included in the RT volume, in these patients. We used this measure and the historical and observed rates of RP in our series to model the lung tolerance to RT in patients receiving chemotherapy (CHT) both with and without paclitaxel. To evaluate the risk factors for the development of RP, we performed a case-control study comparing paclitaxel-treated patients who developed RP with those who did not, and a second case-control study comparing patients receiving paclitaxel in addition to standard CHT/RT ( n = 41) and controls receiving standard CHT/RT alone ( n = 192). Results: The actuarial rate of RP in the paclitaxel-treated group was 15.4% compared with 0.9% among breast cancer patients treated with RT and non-paclitaxel-containing CHT. Our mathematical model found that the effective lung tolerance for patients treated with paclitaxel was reduced by approximately 24%. No statistically significant difference was found with regard to the dose delivered to specific radiation fields, dose per fraction, central lung distance, or percentage of lung irradiated in the case-control study of paclitaxel-treated patients who developed RP compared with those who did not. In the comparison of 41 patients receiving RT and CHT with paclitaxel and 192 matched controls receiving RT and CHT without paclitaxel, the only significant differences identified were the more frequent use of a supraclavicular radiation field and a decrease in the RT lung dose among the paclitaxel-treated patients. This finding indicates that the major factor associated with development of RP was paclitaxel treatment. Conclusions: The use of paclitaxel chemotherapy and RT in the primary treatment of node-positive breast cancer is likely to increase the incidence of RP. In patients treated with paclitaxel, reducing the percentage of lung irradiated by 24% should reduce the risk of RP to 1%, according to our calculations of lung tolerance. Future clinical trials using combination CHT that includes paclitaxel and RT should carefully evaluate the incidence and severity of RP and should also accurately monitor the extent of lung included within the RT volume to develop safe guidelines for the delivery of what is becoming standard therapy for node-positive breast cancer.
Signatures of the color glass condensate in J/Ψ production off nuclear targets

Abstract We consider the J / Ψ production in proton (deuteron)–nucleus collisions at high energies. We argue that the production mechanism in this case is different from that in pp collisions due to gluon saturation in the nucleus and formation of the color glass condensate. At forward rapidities (in the proton fragmentation region), the production of J / Ψ is increasingly suppressed both as a function of rapidity and centrality. On the other hand, at backward rapidities at RHIC (in the fragmentation region of the nucleus) the coherent effects lead to a modest enhancement of the production cross section, with the nuclear modification factor R J / Ψ increasing with centrality. We find that the J / Ψ production cross section exhibits at forward rapidities the limiting fragmentation scaling established previously for soft processes; in the energy range studied experimentally, it manifests itself as an approximate “ x F scaling”.