cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lack of impact of therapy on extent of Barrett's esophagus in 67 patients.

Sixty-seven patients with Barrett's esophagus have been prospectively followed over an average of 36 months (range 6 to 76 months) with standardized endoscopic observation and biopsies of the length of columnar epithelium. The initial length of Barrett's epithelium ranged from 1 to 16 cm, mean 5.5 cm. Specialized columnar epithelium was present in 64 of the 67 patients. Patients were treated predominantly with H2-receptor blocker therapy to relieve symptoms. Eighty-two percent of patients had less than a 1-cm change in length per year. The mean rate of change of length was −0.093 cm per year. These results confirm in a relatively large, prospective study that standard antireflux therapy for Barrett's esophagus does not result in consistent reduction in the extent of Barrett's epithelium over a three-year interval.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroalkylation of Alkenyl- β-Keto Esters, α-Aryl Ketones, and Alkyl Ketones in the Presence of Me3SiCl or HCl

Reaction of 3-butenyl beta-keto esters or 3-butenyl alpha-aryl ketones with a catalytic amount of [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] (2) and a stoichiometric amount of Me3SiCl or Me3SiCl/CuCl2 in dioxane at 25-70 degrees C formed 2-substituted cyclohexanones in good yield with high regioselectivity. This protocol tolerated a number of ester and aryl groups and tolerated substitution at the allylic, enolic, and cis and trans terminal olefinic positions. In situ NMR experiments indicated that the chlorosilane was not directly involved in palladium-catalyzed hydroalkylation, but rather served as a source of HCl, which presumably catalyzes enolization of the ketone. Identification of HCl as the active promoter of palladium-catalyzed hydroalkylation led to the development of an effective protocol for the hydroalkylation of alkyl 3-butenyl ketones that employed sub-stoichiometric amounts of 2, HCl, and CuCl2 in a sealed tube at 70 degrees C.
IPM measurements in the Tevatron

Two ionization profile monitors (IPMs) were installed in the Tevatron in 2006. The detectors are capable of resolving single bunches turn-by-turn. This paper presents recent improvements to the system hardware and its use for beam monitoring. In particular, the correction of beam size oscillations observed at injection is discussed.
CAN WORKING WITH AN EXECUTIVE COACH IMPROVE MULTISOURCE FEEDBACK RATINGS OVER TIME? A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL FIELD STUDY

This study examined the effects of executive coaching on multisource feedback over time. Participants were 1,361 senior managers who received multisource feedback; 404 of these senior managers worked with an executive coach (EC) to review their feedback and set goals. One year later, 1,202 senior managers (88% of the original sample) received multisource feedback from another survey. Managers who worked with an EC were more likely than other managers to set specific (rather than vague) goals (d= .16) and to solicit ideas for improvement from their supervisors (d= .36). Managers who worked with an EC improved more than other managers in terms of direct report and supervisor ratings, however, the effect size (d= .17) was small.
A hybrid Nb/CMOS integration process for superconducting tunnel junction imaging arrays

A process for hybrid superconductor/CMOS integration was developed for the fabrication of extremely sensitive color-imaging arrays using superconducting tunnel junctions. A Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb process was used to fabricate arrays of junctions directly on top of CMOS devices. The CMOS wafers required the development of a planarization process suitable for subsequent tunnel-junction fabrication. The process involved the deposition of a sacrificial oxide layer by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, chemical-mechanical polishing, and a layer of spin-on glass. A process was also developed for via contacts through the oxide layer that optimized the stability of the contacts. The critical current spreads of the arrays (50 junctions) were as small (spread about 1% for 3 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 3 /spl mu/m junctions) as on bare silicon wafers.
Evaluation of dental erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Abstract Statement of Problem: The cause of dental erosion may be difficult to establish because of its many presentations. Determination of the cause is an important aspect of diagnosis before extensive prosthodontic rehabilitation. Purpose: This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between loss of tooth structure as a result of dental erosion and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Material and Methods: Twenty consecutive adult dentate subjects referred to the Division of Gastroenterology for investigation of gastroesophageal tract disease were also evaluated for signs of dental erosion. All subjects underwent a dental evaluation that included a patient history to determine potential etiologic factors responsible for dental erosion. Subjects were examined clinically to quantify loss of tooth structure using a Tooth Wear Index (TWI). Endoscopic examination and 24-hour pH manometry were carried out to determine which subjects met the criteria for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Scores for maxillary versus mandibular dentition and anterior versus posterior dentition were also compared. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test ( P =.004). Results: Ten subjects were diagnosed with GERD and 10 subjects had manometry scores below the level indicating GERD. Overall, subjects diagnosed with GERD had significantly higher TWI scores compared with control subjects (mean difference=0.6554; P =.004). GERD subjects had higher TWI scores in all quadrants, except in the mandibular anterior region where there was no difference. Conclusion: The results indicated that a relationship exists between loss of tooth structure, as measured by the TWI index, and the occurrence of GERD in this group of subjects. (J Prosthet Dent 2000;83: 675-80.)
Validity of a Screening Test for School Learning Problems in a Pediatric Clinical Setting

Children brought to pediatric outpatient clinics with the primary complaint of developmental difficulty often arrive with little or no information as to the nature of their problem. This study sought to determine if a brief screening test could facilitate the referral process by predicting the primary diagnosis subsequently given to the child based on a comprehensive interdisciplinary evaluation. Subjects for the study were 176 English-speaking children between the ages of 5 and 11 who had been evaluated at the child development center of a large urban medical school. Of the children later diagnosed as learning handicapped, 89% failed the routing test, while 78% with other primary diagnoses passed it. The results of this preliminary study suggest that a brief screening test can be used effectively to form initial hypotheses about the problems (learning vs. nonlearning) experienced by students referred to pediatric clinics for developmental difficulties. Suggestions for further research are offered.
Effect of Patching on Reducing Restenosis in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial

Background and Purpose—The purpose is to determine whether patching during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) affects the perioperative and long-term risks of restenosis, stroke, death, and myocardial infarction as compared with primary closure. Methods—We identified all patients who were randomized and underwent CEA in Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial. CEA patients who received a patch were compared with patients who underwent CEA with primary closure without a patch. We compared periprocedural and 4-year event rates, 2-year restenosis rates, and rates of reoperation between the 2 groups. We further analyzed results by surgeon specialty. Results—There were 1151 patients who underwent CEA (753 [65%] with patch and 329 [29%] with primary closure). We excluded 44 patients who underwent eversion CEA and 25 patients missing CEA data (5%). Patch use differed by surgeon specialty: 89% of vascular surgeons, 6% of neurosurgeons, and 76% of thoracic surgeons patched. Comparing patients who ...
Identifying the Relationship Between Chronic Pain, Depression, and Life Satisfaction in Older African Americans

Empirical research on the chronic pain experience of older African Americans is scarce. Here, the authors examined the influence psychosocial indicators have on the pain experience in a sample of older African Americans. Data were collected from African Americans (N = 247) 50 to 96 years of age (69.4 ± 9.4). All participants provided self-report data on pain indicators, demographic characteristics, social (social support, locus of control, life satisfaction) variables, and depression. Those reporting higher levels of social support and depressive symptoms experienced greater pain intensity. Pain had an indirect effect on depression as mediated through life satisfaction.These findings demonstrate the need to focus more on the means to prevent and treat pain and to ameliorate its impact on social well-being, psychological functioning, and quality of life in older adults in general and older minority adults in particular.
Delay-Sensitive Communication Over Fading Channels: Queueing Behavior and Code Parameter Selection

This paper examines the queueing performance of communication systems that transmit encoded data over unreliable channels. A fading formulation suitable for wireless mobile applications is considered, where errors are caused by a discrete channel with correlated behavior over time. For carefully selected channel models and arrival processes, a tractable Markov structure composed of queue length and channel state is identified. This facilitates the analysis of the stationary behavior of the system, leading to evaluation criteria such as bounds on the probability of the queue exceeding a threshold. Specifically, this paper focuses on system models with scalable arrival profiles, which are based on Poisson processes, and finite-state channels with memory. These assumptions permit the rigorous comparison of system performance for codes with arbitrary block lengths and code rates. Based on the resulting characterizations, it is possible to select the best code parameters for delay-sensitive applications over various channels. Random codes and BCH codes are then employed as a means to study the relationship between code parameter selection and the queueing performance of point-to-point data links. The methodology introduced herein offers a new perspective on the joint queueing–coding analysis of finite-state channels with memory, and it is supported by numerical simulations.
Parameter Estimation for Power Transformer Models from Time-Domain Data

The existence of power system harmonics has been realized for many years. With the advent of new technologies and more solid state loads, power system harmonics are certain to increase both in amplitude and frequency bandwidth. Signal propagation in power systems depends on transformer impedances. Transformer impedances, on the other hand, are functions of signal frequency as well as input voltage and loading condition. Present power transformer models with single-valued parameters obtained from tests cannot adequately represent the transformer in the presence of harmonics. Accurate modeling of transformers must account for changes in signal frequencies and loading conditions as they occur. This paper presents algorithms for estimation of the parameters of a structurally known transformer model. These algorithms use time-domain data and continuously update the estimates, thereby accounting for changes in operating conditions. The techniques presented here can be applied to three-phase and single-phase N-winding transformers. The results of model identification for a single-phase two-winding transformer is given. The data acquisition system used and the problem of identification in a noisy environment are discussed. The simulated response of the identified model is compared with the transformer actual response.
mtDNA COI in efficient use: clarifying taxonomy, linking morphologically discordant sexes and identifying the immature stages of Agathomyia Verrall flat‐footed flies (Diptera: Platypezidae)

A molecular taxonomic study on the north European species of the genus Agathomyia Verrall (Diptera: Platypezidae) is presented. We include molecular phylogenetic analyses based on two fragments of the mtDNA COI and a fragment of the nuclear 28S rDNA genes for both adult and immature stages of Agathomyia spp. The Agathomyia elegantula (Zetterstedt) group taxa were revised based on the newly obtained molecular and morphological data. Two new species belonging to the A. elegantula group were described, Agathomyia alneti Stahls & Rattel sp.n. and A. shatalkini Stahls sp.n. Agathomyia boreella (Zetterstedt) and A. scutellaris (Zetterstedt) were resurrected from synonymy of A. elegantula Zetterstedt. The genus Antrodiella Ryvarden & I.Johans was recorded as fungal host for Agathomyia elegantula group species and is a new host fungus genus for Platypezidae and for genus Agathomyia. Antrodiella faginea and A. pallescens were recorded as host fungi for A. boreella, A. pallescens for A. elegantula and A. serpula for A. alneti sp.n. We present identification keys to males and to all hitherto known third-stage larvae of north European Agathomyia species including digital images, and discuss conservation aspects for these taxa.
Automatic integration of a function with a parameter

Two efficient methods for automatic numerical integration are Romberg integration and adaptive Simpson integration. For integrands of the form ƒ(x)g(x, a) where a is a parameter, it is shown that Romberg's method is more efficient. A FORTRAN program shows how to achieve this greater efficiency.
Interactive broadcast radio architecture

Multimedia systems, such as interactive broadcast and satellite radios, have increasingly been demanding higher performance CPUs and higher performance DSPs to process the received data in real-time. In many cases, the performance of a general-purpose processor is not adequate, and this creates a demand for a system-on-chip device that processes the multimedia tasks efficiently and independently. A device, which integrates TI DSP and ARM processor cores, is an ideal solution for implementing interactive multimedia systems. One concept proposed here, utilizing this device, is an interactive broadcast radio system where the analog radio broadcast signal is received and real-time MP3 data is encoded/decoded to enable time shifting capabilities such as hard disk recording, pause, fast forward, and rewind. This architecture also allows voice command recording of driving directions that enables productizing a low-cost navigation system.
Molecular statics simulations of buckling and yielding of gold nanowires deformed in axial compression

We use molecular statics simulations with the embedded atom method potential to delineate yielding (material instability) and buckling (structural instability) in gold nanowires deformed axially in compression. It is found that both local (stacking faults) and global instabilities occur when the gold nanowire yields but only global instabilities occur when the nanowire buckles. Furthermore strong surface effects reorient the lattice structure which significantly increases Young’s modulus in the axial direction and cause a nanowire of relatively small slenderness ratio (e.g., 14) to buckle. Upon complete unloading of the nanowires, the average axial stress and the total potential energy revert to their values in the reference configuration for the nanowires that buckled but not for the one that yielded. 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Cytology of Pancreatic Foamy Gland Adenocarcinoma

All cell block specimens from pancreatic fineneedle aspirations (FNAs) obtained between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003, were reviewed for foamy gland adenocarcinoma (FGA). All smears from these cases were reviewed for cytologic features, including those previously noted in conventional pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Nitride semiconductor laser diodes

Summary form only given, as follows. The high bandgap semiconductor gallium nitride and its alloys AlGaInN are currently being developed for short wavelength (UV-violet-blue-green) light emitters. Within the past few years, high-quality nitride semiconductor films and heterostructures have been obtained by epitaxial deposition on sapphire (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) or SiC substrates, leading to efficient blue and green light-emitting diodes. Most recently, at Nichia Chemical Co., Japan, AlGaInN has been incorporated into commercially viable violet laser diodes, which will have an impact on optical storage and laser printing systems. In the tutorial, blue (nitride) semiconductor laser technology and applications are reviewed, with an emphasis on how device performance is related to the nitride material properties.
Immunization of BALB/c Mice with Killed Neospora caninum Tachyzoite Antigen Induces a Type 2 Immune Response and Exacerbates Encephalitis and Neurological Disease

BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with soluble Neospora caninum tachyzoite antigen (NSO) entrapped in nonionic surfactant vesicles (NISVs) or administered with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Following virulent parasite challenge, groups of mice immunized with NSO and either NISVs or FCA had clinical neurological disease and increased numbers of brain lesions compared to groups of mice inoculated with FCA, NISVs, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone. Increased numbers of brain lesions were statistically significant only between mice immunized with NISV-NSO and NISV- or PBS-treated mice. Following parasite challenge, brain inflammatory infiltrates in all experimental and control groups of mice were relatively similar and consisted of compact infiltrates of macrophages admixed with various numbers of lymphoid cells. Increased brain lesions in NSO-immunized mice were associated with increased antigen-specific interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion and increased IL-4:gamma interferon secretion ratios from splenocytes in vitro and increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1):IgG2a ratios in vivo. Thus, immunization with whole killed N. caninum antigen and either liposoidal or Freund's adjuvant induced a type 2 immune response that was associated with worsened disease. The present studies emphasize the need to identify specific N. caninum antigens or other delivery systems that will elicit protective immune responses to neosporosis.
From Mirroring to World‐Making: Research as Future Forming

The “science wars” of recent decades have largely subsided, giving way to what might be viewed as a condition of reflective pragmatism. However, the prevailing metaphor underlying most research across the social sciences remains that of the “mirror.” That is, even while conscious of its biases, researchers continue the attempt to reflect, explore, illuminate, or describe aspects of individual or social life. After considering some of the shortcomings of the prevailing practices, I offer an alternative to the mirror metaphor, one that defines the researcher in terms of world-making. By this I mean an orientation to inquiry in which the major attempt is not to assay the world for what it is, but to actively shape the contours of the future. A future forming orientation is especially invited by the increasingly rapid fluctuations in social life, and represents an alternative to the prevailing tradition and its unclear consequences for society. Shifting from a view of knowledge as propositional, to one of knowledge as praxis – or practical “knowing how” – I discuss research in a future forming direction, including critical inquiry, the creation of new practices, and collaborative action. Attention is also given to the role of theory, and to a relational ethic of research.
Generating the sparse point cloud of a civil infrastructure scene using a single video camera under practical constraints

Automating the model generation process of infrastructure can substantially reduce the modeling time and cost. This paper presents a method to generate a sparse point cloud of an infrastructure scene using a single video camera under practical constraints. It is the first step towards establishing an automatic framework for object-oriented as-built modeling. Motion blur and key frame selection criteria are considered. Structure from motion and bundle adjustment are explored. The method is demonstrated in a case study where the scene of a reinforced concrete bridge is videotaped, reconstructed, and metrically validated. The result indicates the applicability, efficiency, and accuracy of the proposed method.
Paclitaxel distribution in poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) blends and its release visualized by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.

Mechanisms underlying the release of paclitaxel (PTX) from poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG/PLGA) blends were investigated by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. PLGA, PEG, and PTX were selectively imaged by using the resonant CARS signal from the CH3 ,C H2, and aromatic CH stretch vibrations, respectively. Phase segregation was observed in PLGA films containing 10 to 40 wt.% PEG in the absence of PTX loading. The PEG phase existed in the form of crystalline fibers in the (8:2, weight ratio) and (7:3) PLGA/ PEG films. CARS observation indicated that PTX preferentially partitioned into the PEG domains in the (9:1) and (8:2) PLGA/PTX films, but exhibited a uniform mixing with both PLGA and PEG in the (7:3) PLGA/PEG film. The solid dispersion of PTX into PEG domains was attributed to a strong interaction between PTX and PEG, supported by the disappearance of PEG crystallization in the PTX-loaded PLGA/PEG film evidenced through X-ray diffraction analysis. PTX release was induced by exposing the film to an aqueous solution and monitored in real time by CARS and two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Fast dissolution of both PEG and PTX was observed at the film surface. Upon infiltration of water into the film, the PEG domains were rearranged into ring structures enriched by both PTX and PEG. The CARS data provided visual evidence explaining the accelerated burst release followed by more sustained release of PTX from the PLGA/PEG films as measured by HPLC. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The oxidative transformation of solid, barium-metal-bearing precursors into monolithic celsian with a retention of shape, dimensions, and relative density

The conversion of Ba–Al2O3 –Si–SiO2, Ba–Al–Al2O3 –SiO2, and Ba–Sr–Al–Al2O3 –SiO2 precursors into monolithic, monoclinic celsian has been examined. The relative amounts of metal and oxide in each type of precursor were adjusted so that the overall stoichiometry and molar volume were similar to those of the desired product, celsian. Metal + oxide mixtures were mechanically alloyed and then uniaxially pressed to yield 84–92% dense precursor disks. The precursors were converted into celsian by exposure to a series of heat treatments from 300–1500 °C in oxygen-bearing gases. Differences and similarities in the phase evolution of the various precursors are discussed. Celsian disks were produced that retained the precursor shape, dimensions, and relative (% theoretical) density.
Über Hormon-„Receptoren“ Die oestrogenbindenden Prinzipien der Erfolgsorgane

Auf die Frage nach einem besonderen Merkmal der Endokrinologie liese sich mit der Diskrepanz zwischen definierter chemischer Struktur der Hormone und der Komplexitat ihrer Wirkungen in Organismen antworten. Bei der Vielfalt der von einem Hormon gesteuerten Vorgange liegt es nahe, nur fur eine Reaktion einen direkten Einflus des Hormons anzunehmen und die anderen als Folgereaktionen aufzufassen. Diese Vorstellung findet ihren Ausdruck in der im Schrifttum ausfuhrlich besprochenen „Hormon-Receptor-Hypothese“1, die als Primarreaktion die Bindung des Hormons an einen spezifischen Receptor fordert. Fur die Prufung der Hypothese stehen im wesentlichen zwei Wege offen. Der am meisten begangene ist die Suche nach der Primarreaktion durch Verfolgung des zeitlichen Ablaufs der Hormonwirkung. Der zweite Weg besteht in dem direkten Versuch, die hypothetischen Hormon-receptoren nachzuweisen und zu isolieren. Dabei mus vorausgesetzt werden, das die Spezifitat des Receptors einer besonders hohen Affinitat fur das Hormon gleichzusetzen ist. Die zur Zeit vorhandenen experimentellen Moglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Receptorisolierung sollen hier am Beispiel der spezifischen Bindungsfaktoren fur Oestrogene diskutiert werden.
Secretory Events in Gastric Mucosa

Publisher Summary The study of gastric secretion encompasses the movement of a group of ions, including at least H, Cl, HCO 3 , and OH ions. It is comforting to the small band of workers in this field that many others now share their interest. As in the case of gastric mucosa, identification of the presence of carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme catalyzing the reaction of CO 2 with water, may precede further elucidation of the transport processes—for example, in the shell-boring mechanism of gastropods or in the unicellular algae. In recent years, attention has been directed toward the role of the gastric mucosa as a barrier to substances ingested or instilled in the lumen of the stomach. The gastric mucosa (hence the surface epithelium) is normally an adequate barrier to diffusion of H ions from the lumen, or Na ions to the lumen. A variety of agents can damage the barrier. Prominent among these are weak acids, including acetic and acetylsalicylic acids, but these are effective only when present in acid solution in the lumen. Secretory and electrical activities of gastric mucosa are well known to depend on aerobic metabolism for their support. The nature of this linkage has been the subject of many investigations, but the problem has not yet been solved.
Social Relationships of Dually Diagnosed Homeless Adults Following Enrollment in Housing First or Traditional Treatment Services.

AbstractObjective: Strong and effective social support is a critical element of mental health recovery, yet social support is often lacking for adults experiencing homelessness. This study examines differences in the social networks of participants newly enrolled in programs that use either a Housing First (HF) approach (i.e., provides immediate access to permanent housing with ongoing consumer-driven support services) or a treatment first (TF) approach (i.e., traditional clinician-driven staircase model that requires temporary or transitional housing and treatment placements before accessing permanent housing). Method: We use a mixed-methods social network analysis approach to assess group differences of 75 individuals based on program type (HF or TF) and program retention. Results: Quantitative results show that compared with TF, HF participants have a greater proportion of staff members in their network. TF participants are more likely than HF participants to maintain mixed-quality relationships (i.e.,...
Working with Lists

Inasmuch as the name LISP is an acronym for LISt Processing, it is not surprising that we constantly build and utilize lists. To this point we have seen how to create and access data lists and how to use lists that represent code.
Honey, I'm Off to the Coliseum: Modern Day Gladiators, Concussions, and Who Is Responsible for Injury Prevention

The purpose of this paper is to help educate the athlete to take control and responsibility for his or her own health. In the end, the athlete is left to deal with the damage that he or she may have chosen to ignore in order to continue competing. This paper examines concussions and their treatment as well as the awakening of the national consciousness to prevent concussions from the youth through the professional ranks. With all that is now being done to help keep athletes safe, athletes themselves must buck the traditional notion that injury is weakness.
The General Role Played by Specialty Law Journals: Empirical Evidence from Bankruptcy Scholarship

This empirical study compares the citation rates from general law reviews and specialty journals using bankruptcy scholarship as the lens. All things being equal, to get cited in the law reviews one should publish in general law reviews and join the faculty of a highly ranked school. Highly ranked general law reviews get cited more than lower ranked general law reviews. In turn, general law reviews as a group get cited more than specialty journals as a group. Legal academics get cited more than nonacademics.When it comes to citations in the case law, the situation is dramatically different. Academics are not generally favored, but academic reputation is favored. More interestingly, not only do specialty journals outperform general law reviews overall, but lower-ranked general law reviews outperform law reviews from more highly ranked law schools. Older articles have more citations in the case law than do newer articles, whereas the converse is true for citations in the law reviews. Our data indicate that specialty journals may be filling a gap created by the most elite general law reviews. As general law reviews have become increasingly dominated by law professors writing for the attention of each other, the specialty journals have been publishing articles that provide information more likely to be of use to the bench and the bar. It could be said that the general law reviews specialize in the academy just as the specialty journals could be seen as specializing in the bench and the bar.
Some general properties of the O ( α ) corrections to parity violation in atoms

The model-dependent contributions to the parity-violating electron-nucleon interaction arising from $\ensuremath{\gamma}Z$ box diagrams are discussed on the basis of a formulation in which the hadronic parts of the amplitude are treated exactly ab initio. This leads to a derivation of general properties and more refined estimates of these effects. A method to take into account the large-distance part of the hadronic contributions to the $\ensuremath{\gamma}Z$ mixing diagrams using experimental information on ${e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hadrons is briefly discussed. Predictions for the ${C}_{\mathrm{iN}} (i=1,2, N=p,n)$ are updated taking into account the more detailed estimates of this paper.
Action of Bacterial Toxins on Tumors. V. Immunological Protection Against Tumor Hemorrhage.

ConclusionTumors implanted in mice previously immunized with Shigella paradysenieriae Flexner were found, in contrast to those implanted in non-immunized control mice, to be highly resistant to the...
FERTILITY SELECTION ON A DISCRETE FLORAL POLYMORPHISM IN CLARKIA (ONAGRACEAE).

This study investigated fertility selection on a flower petal pigmentation polymorphism in Clarkia gracilis ssp. sonomensis. Natural populations are typically composed of nearly 100% spotted-petal plants, although rare populations contain a majority of unspotted plants. I compared fitness values for the two morphs using a simple fertility model to estimate selection for experimental arrays of plants placed into existing populations of different phenotypic frequencies. Both male and female reproductive success were estimated as well as the pattern of mating among phenotypes. Although the separate fitness components varied from no differences to a strong advantage for spotted plants, for every situation the selection calculations predicted an increase in the frequency of the spotted allele. Pollinator behavior and postpollination mechanisms may be responsible for the fitness differences. The apparent inability of the unspotted allele to spread though most natural populations is consistent with its selective disadvantage in this study.
Biodegradation of riverine dissolved organic carbon in five estuaries of the southeastern United States

The biological turnover of riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) discharged into five southeastern United States estuaries was examined in long-term respiration bioassays. Measures of bacterial oxygen consumption indicated surprisingly large differences in the inherent biodegradability of DOC among the five estuaries, despite their close geographic proximity. Differences of up to 13-fold in biodegradation rates were also found temporally within a single estuary. For most of the southeastern United States estuaries, measured rates of riverine DOC biodegradation were low relative to rates reported for other freshwater and marine environments. This was particularly true for the coastal plain (“blackwater”) rivers that contribute about 35% of the riverine DOC exported to coastal marine environments in this region; extrapolation of biodegradation rates to the adjacent continental shelf predict biodegradation of a maximum of 11% of exported blackwater DOC within the estuary-shelf system (with transit times of up to 140 d). DOC from Piedmont rivers was more biologically labile, with maximum losses of 30% predicted within the estuary and adjacent shelf. Short exposures to natural sunlight increased the lability of the riverine DOC and enhanced biodegradation rates by over 3-fold in some cases, although significant inter-estuary differences in susceptibility of riverine DOC to photolysis were also evident. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY085 00007
Arsenic in drinking water and prostate cancer in Illinois counties: An ecologic study.

Abstract Background Inorganic arsenic is a lung, bladder, and skin carcinogen. One of the major sources of exposure to arsenic is through naturally contaminated drinking water. While positive associations have been observed between arsenic in drinking water and prostate cancer, few studies have explored this association in the United States. Objectives To evaluate the association between inorganic arsenic concentrations in community water systems and prostate cancer incidence in Illinois using an ecologic study design. Methods Illinois Environmental Protection Agency data on arsenic concentrations in drinking water from community water systems throughout the state were linked with county-level prostate cancer incidence data from 2007 to 2011 from the Illinois State Cancer Registry. Incidence rates were indirectly standardized by age to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for each county. A Poisson regression model was used to model the association between county-level SIRs and mean arsenic tertile (0.33–0.72, 0.73–1.60, and 1.61–16.23 ppb), adjusting for potential confounders. Results For counties with mean arsenic levels in the second tertile, the SIR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.96–1.16). For counties with mean arsenic levels in the third tertile, the SIR was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03–1.19). There was a significant linear dose-response relationship observed between mean arsenic levels and prostate cancer incidence ( p for trend=0.003). Conclusions In this ecologic study, counties with higher mean arsenic levels in community water systems had significantly higher prostate cancer incidence. Individual-level studies of prostate cancer incidence and low-level arsenic exposure are needed.
INVESTIGATION OF FLIES AT VARIOUS REGION IN WUYISHAN CITY

This article reports the investigation of flies in various regions in Wuyishan City. 121 species were found in 1990—2001, which belong to 54 genera 6 families. Among them, 63 species were found from Wuyishan Natural Reserve, 101 species from Wuyigong and 57 specie from the suburban of Wuyi City.
Slave Boson Theory of Orbital Differentiation with Crystal Field Effects: Application to UO 2

We derive an exact operatorial reformulation of the rotational invariant slave boson method, and we apply it to describe the orbital differentiation in strongly correlated electron systems starting from first principles. The approach enables us to treat strong electron correlations, spin-orbit coupling, and crystal field splittings on the same footing by exploiting the gauge invariance of the mean-field equations. We apply our theory to the archetypical nuclear fuel UO_{2} and show that the ground state of this system displays a pronounced orbital differentiation within the 5f manifold, with Mott-localized Γ_{8} and extended Γ_{7} electrons.
Resonance in fast-wave amplitude in the periphery of cylindrical plasmas and application to edge losses of wave heating power in tokamaks

Heating magnetically confined plasmas using waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies typically requires coupling these waves over a steep density gradient. This process has produced an unexpected and deleterious phenomenon on the National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX): a prompt loss of wave power along magnetic field lines in front of the antenna to the divertor. Understanding this loss may be key to achieving effective heating and expanding the operational space of NSTX-Upgrade. Here, we propose that a new type of mode, which conducts a significant fraction of the total wave power in the low-density peripheral plasma, is driving these losses. We demonstrate the existence of such modes, which are distinct from surface modes and coaxial modes, in a cylindrical cold-plasma model when a half wavelength structure fits into the region outside the core plasma. The latter condition generalizes the previous hypothesis regarding the occurrence of the edge losses and may explain why full-wave simulations...
Celiac Disease as a Model Disorder for Testing Novel Autoimmune Therapeutics

Celiac disease is a chronic immune mediated enteropathy that represents a unique model of autoimmunity. Gluten plays an important role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease, mediated both by adaptive and innate immune systems. Current understanding of the pathophysiology and immunogenic pathways of celiac disease has led to the development of better diagnostic tools. Currently, the gluten challenge constitutes the basis for most diagnostic algorithms and design of clinical trials intended to develop pharmaceutical agents as adjunctive therapy to a strict gluten-free diet. These new therapeutic modalities include but are not limited to modification of dietary gluten, enzymatic degradation of gluten by peptidases, inhibition of intestinal permeability by targeting, and modulation of the immune response. Recent epidemiological data supports a role for bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in celiac disease, but further studies are needed to establish its potential protective effects in the development of this condition.
Gesture morpher: video-based retargeting of multi-touch interactions

We present Gesture Morpher, a tool for prototyping and testing multi-touch interactions based on video recordings of target application behaviors, e.g., a sequence of screenshots recorded by a screen capture tool. Gesture Morpher extracts continuous behaviors from video recordings, such as transformations of UI content, and suggests a set of multi-touch interactions that are suitable for achieving these behaviors. Designers can easily test different interactions on a touch device with visual response that is automatically synthesized from the video recording, all without any programming. We discuss a range of multi-touch interaction scenarios Gesture Morpher supports, our method for extracting continuous interaction behaviors from video recordings, and techniques for associating touch-input with the output effect extracted from the videos.
Home-based anthropometric, blood pressure and pulse measurements in young children by trained data collectors in the National Children's Study.

Objective The current study assessed whether home-based data collection by trained data collectors can produce high-quality physical measurement data in young children. Design The study assessed the quality of intra-examiner measurements of blood pressure, pulse rate and anthropometric dimensions using intra-examiner reliability and intra-examiner technical error of measurement (TEM). Setting Non-clinical, primarily private homes of National Children’s Study participants in twenty-two study locations across the USA. Subjects Children in four age groups: 5–7 months ( n 91), 11–16 months ( n 393), 23–28 months ( n 1410) and 35–40 months ( n 800). Results Absolute TEM ranged in value from 0·09 to 16·21, varying widely by age group and measure, as expected. Relative TEM spanned from 0·27 to 13·71 across age groups and physical measures. Reliabilities for anthropometric measurements by age group and measure ranged from 0·46 to >0·99 with most exceeding 0·90, suggesting that the large majority of anthropometric measures can be collected in a home-based setting on young children by trained data collectors. Reliabilities for blood pressure and pulse rate measurements by age group ranged from 0·21 to 0·74, implying these are less reliably measured with young children when taken in the data collection context described here. Conclusions Reliability estimates >0·95 for weight, length, height, and thigh, waist and head circumference, and >0·90 for triceps and subscapular skinfolds, indicate that these measures can be collected in the field by trained data collectors without compromising data quality. These estimates can be used for interim evaluations of data collector training and measurement protocols.
CE-01 Remission in systemic lupus erythematosus – durable remission is rare

Background Remission is the ultimate goal in SLE. In this study, we applied four definitions of remission agreed on by an international collaboration (DORIS) to a large clinical cohort. Materials and methods We applied the DORIS definitions of Clinical Remission, Complete Remission (requiring negative serologies), Clinical Remission on Treatment (ROT) and Complete ROT. 2307 patients entered the cohort from 1987 to 2014. Patients not in remission at cohort entry were followed prospectively. We used the Kaplan-Meier approach. Cox regression was used to identify baseline factors associated with time to remission Results The median time to remission was 8.7, 11.0, 1.8 and 3.1 years for Clinical Remission, Complete Remission, Clinical ROT and Complete ROT, respectively. High baseline treatment was the major predictor of a longer time to remission, followed by high baseline activity. The median duration of remission for all definitions was just three months. Based on Kaplan-Meier estimates, we determined the durability of remission by specified times as shown in Table 1. African-American ethnicity, baseline low C3 and baseline hematologic activity were associated with longer time to remission for all definitions. Baseline anti-dsDNA and baseline low C4 were associated with longer time to Complete Remission and Complete ROT. Baseline low C4 was also a negative predictor for Clinical Remission. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that it was easier to reach ROT than remission. Baseline treatment and baseline disease activity were strongly associated with the time to remission for all definitions. We found that the durability of remission was very short, regardless of definition. African-American ethnicity, baseline low C3 and baseline hematologic activity were associated with a longer time to remission. Baseline anti-dsDNA and baseline low C4 were negative predictors for complete remission and for complete ROT. Our results provide further insights into the frequency and durability of remission in SLE and call attention to the major role of baseline activity and baseline treatment in predicting remission.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of the Foot: Results of a Novel At-home, Noninvasive Treatment for Nocturnal Enuresis in Children

Objective To evaluate the effect of a novel at-home approach to electrical foot stimulation of peripheral tibial nerve branches on the frequency of nocturnal enuresis episodes in children. Materials and Methods Children aged 5 to 18 having 2 or more bedwetting episodes per week for at least 3 consecutive months were eligible. The study was a total of 6 weeks. Participants completed a baseline nighttime voiding diary during the first 2 weeks. This was followed by 2 weeks of foot stimulation for 60 minutes each night. During the stimulation period, and the following 2 weeks poststimulation, participants completed the nighttime voiding diary. Results Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 11.4 years (range 7-16) completed the study. Overall, there was a significant reduction in mean total wet nights from 9.0 ± 4.0 to 6.8 ± 4.8 during the stimulation period ( P P = .02). Sixteen patients (72.7%) showed improvement of at least 1 less wet night during stimulation, demonstrating a significant improvement from a mean of 7.9 ± 3.7 to 4.8 ± 3.5 wet nights during the 2-week stimulation ( P P Conclusion Transcutaneous foot stimulation is a well-tolerated, noninvasive, at-home treatment that may reduce the number of wet nights in children with nocturnal enuresis.
Notes on the Neotropical Genus Perreyiella Conde (Hymenoptera: Pergidae)

Abstract. Series of Perreyiella from Mexico and French Guiana resolve association of sexes and extent of color variation for two species. Perreyiella godmani (Cameron 1883), n. comb. (= Perreyiella mexicana Smith 1990, n. syn.), occurs from southern Mexico to Costa Rica. The female and male are described, and color variation from entirely black to partly red is noted. Perreyiella lacourti Smith, 1990, is known from French Guiana, and the female and male are described.
Sediment transport drives tidewater glacier periodicity

Most of Earth's glaciers are retreating, but some tidewater glaciers are advancing despite increasing temperatures and contrary to their neighbors. This can be explained by the coupling of ice and sediment dynamics: a shoal forms at the glacier terminus, reducing ice discharge and causing advance towards an unstable configuration followed by abrupt retreat, in a process known as the tidewater glacier cycle. Here we use a numerical model calibrated with observations to show that interactions between ice flow, glacial erosion, and sediment transport drive these cycles, which occur independent of climate variations. Water availability controls cycle period and amplitude, and enhanced melt from future warming could trigger advance even in glaciers that are steady or retreating, complicating interpretations of glacier response to climate change. The resulting shifts in sediment and meltwater delivery from changes in glacier configuration may impact interpretations of marine sediments, fjord geochemistry, and marine ecosystems.The reason some of the Earth's tidewater glaciers are advancing despite increasing temperatures is not entirely clear. Here, using a numerical model that simulates both ice and sediment dynamics, the authors show that internal dynamics drive glacier variability independent of climate.
On a Certain Emotional Blindness in Human Beings

AbstractThis essay examines the conditions surrounding emotional blindness, indiffer-ence, or the syndrome that is known clinically as alexithymia. Indifference to events or circumstances is related to the narrative construction of those events, is selective within the same person, and is dependent upon a person's con-structed identity. Our capacity to story ourselves and the world about us removes our indifference. A clinical case of alexithymia and several biographical examples are employed to illustrate and fortify these points. (Social and Clinical Psychology)Neither the whole of truth nor the whole of good is revealed to any single observer, although each observer gains a partial superiority of insight from the peculiar position in which he stands.William James, 1900, p. 264