cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
France's postwar model from the state in action to a state of mind: A review essay of Philip Nord's France's New Deal

Philip Nord's France's New Deal is an impressive achievement. Focusing on the period from the mid to late 1930s to the mid to late 1940s, the book charts the lasting influence of the ideas of right-leaning technocratic elites on France's postwar state and its New Deal consensus. This essay reviews Nord's intellectual history of these remarkable individuals – many with origins in the far right – on economic, administrative and cultural policy, then reflects on France's subsequent trajectory, raising two lingering questions. First, although the postwar consensus was clearly good for France's economy, how healthy was it for French democracy, given the consecration of elite-dominated, hierarchical patterns of leadership? And second, how durable has France's New Deal consensus really been? Might it not remain more as a (public) state of mind – generating discontent – than as the State in action, given policies since the 1980s that transformed the State (but not its enduring technocracy), while so undermining the postwar New Deal as to leave no deal at all?
Deciphering the hunting strategy of a bacterial wolfpack

Myxococcus xanthus is a common soil bacterium with an intricate multicellular lifestyle that continues to challenge the way in which we conceptualize the capabilities of prokaryotic organisms. Myxococcus xanthus is the preferred laboratory representative from the Myxobacteria, a family of organisms distinguished by their ability to form highly structured biofilms that include tentacle-like packs of surface-gliding cell groups, synchronized rippling waves of oscillating cells and massive spore-filled aggregates that protrude upwards from the substratum to form fruiting bodies. But most of the Myxobacteria are also predators that thrive on the degradation of macromolecules released through the lysis of other microbial cells. The aim of this review is to examine our understanding of the predatory life cycle of M. xanthus. We will examine the multicellular structures formed during contact with prey, and the molecular mechanisms utilized by M. xanthus to detect and destroy prey cells. We will also examine our understanding of microbial predator-prey relationships and the prospects for how bacterial predation mechanisms can be exploited to generate new antimicrobial technologies.
Inappropriate Slowing of the Pacemaker Rate with Programmahle Demand Pacemaker

A 60-year-old male with a programmable pacemaker developed inappropriate slowing of the pacemaker rate. This was due to oversensing of the T waves combined with after-potential sensing. This does not represent generator malfunction and can usually be corrected by reprogramming the pulse duration, or the milliamperage.
Transient power quality problems analyzed using wavelets

In the literature, wavelet techniques have been proposed for the identification of power system transient signals (e.g., lightning impulse, and capacitor switching transients). In this paper, the wavelet technique is proposed for the analysis of the propagation of transients in power systems. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed and the way in which these analysis methods complement previously reported identification methods is described. An example based on the discretized solution of a differential equation is given.
Analysis of Airborne Carboxylic Acids and Phenols as Their Pentafluorobenzyl Derivatives: Gas Chromatography/Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry with a Novel Chemical Ionization Reagent, PFBOH

The complex photochemical transformations of biogenic hydrocarbons such as isoprene and of anthropogenic hydrocarbons such as aromatics are an important source of carboxylic acids in the troposphere. The identification of unknown carboxylic acids can be difficult, however, due to the lack of standards as well as poor sensitivity and lack of selectivity of existing techniques. In this study, we describe the development of a method to analyze airborne carboxylic acids using derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) followed by capillary gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/ITMS) analysis. In addition to the typical electron impact ionization (EI) and methane chemical ionization (CI) mass spectra of pentafluorobenzyl derivatives, we describe the use of pentafluorobenzyl alcohol (PFBOH) as a novel reagent gas for CIMS. Pentafluorobenzyl ions (m/z = 181) were produced at reduced pressure (1 × 10-5−2 × 10-5 Torr) from PFBOH gas, and the resulting CIMS were characterized by the predomina...
The effect of enteric galactose on neonatal canine carbohydrate metabolism

Abstract Newborn pups were assigned to a fasting group or to a group receiving intravenous glucose alimentation. Glucose turnover was determined during steady state equilibration of simultaneously infused [6- 3 H] glucose. Thereafter, pups from each group received 0.625 g/Kg of either oral [U- 14 C] galactose or [U- 14 C] glucose. In fasted or intravenously alimented pups enteric glucose resulted in a rapid and sustained elevation of blood glucose concentrations. Systemic appearance of carbon-14 label from enteric glucose increased rapidly as did the enrichment of blood [ 14 C] glucose specific activity. In those pups given enteric galactose, blood glucose values were equivalent to that in the glucose fed groups, however carbon-14 appearing in blood glucose and blood glucose specific activity were significantly lower. The peak values for the rates of appearance and disappearance of systemic glucose were significantly lower in pups fed galactose than among pups fed glucose. Glucose clearance was also significantly lower in these pups despite equivalent plasma insulin responses. Among fasting pups hepatic glycogen content was significantly higher in those given either oral glucose or galactose when compared to a completely starved control group. In contrast, among alimented pups galactose administration significantly enhanced hepatic glycogen content compared to those fed glucose. Similarly, enteric substrate label incorporation into hepatic glycogen was enhanced in both groups given oral labeled galactose. In addition, hepatic glycogen synthase (glucose-6-phosphate independent) activity was increased only among alimented pups fed galactose when compared to completely fasted pups. In conclusion these data suggest that following gastrointestinal galactose administration, hepatic carbohydrate uptake is augmented while glycogen synthesis may be enhanced. Augmented glycogen synthesis following galactose administration may reflect alterations in hepatic glycogen synthase activity or enhanced hepatic carbohydrate uptake.
Comparison of magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography for visualization of lower extremity arteries.

Objective vascular assessment is frequently required before microvascular reconstruction involving the lower extremities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for preoperative assessment before free flap surgery. Five patients underwent preoperative MRA: one before fibula harvest for oromandibular reconstruction, and four before muscle free flap reconstruction of the lower extremity. In all patients, the tibioperoneal trunk, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries were well visualized to the ankle, including pathological occlusions. The radiographic findings were demonstrated at surgery and were confirmed to be accurate. These findings facilitated and guided the surgical procedure. This study strongly suggests the accuracy and surgical relevance of MRA before free flap surgery. MRA is desirable over angiography because of its noninvasive nature. It may also be better than ultrasonography because the latter is highly dependent on the technician (particularly in identifying the peroneal artery). MRA may likely replace angiography as the objective procedure of choice before microvascular surgery.
GP10 of Bacteriophage Phi29 Exhibits ATPase Activity

Previously thought to function only as a passive portal for the phi29 DNA packaging motor, we demonstrate that the connector protein gene product 10 (gp10) exhibits significant ATPase activity. Bioluminescence assays have shown a concentration dependent decrease in available ATP after the addition of gp10. Also, enzyme-linked inorganic phosphate assays (ELIPA) have confirmed a time-dependent increase of phosphate in the presence of gp10 and ATP. Alone, gp10 acts as a slow ATPase with optimal hydrolysis of ATP occurring above room temperature at conditions native to the phi29 DNA motor. Overall increase of ATP hydrolysis in the system has been observed upon the addition of other phi29 motor components to gp10. Compared to gp16, a known ATPase, gp10 consumes ATP at a notably slower rate. Moreover, pRNA has shown no measurable ATPase activity. Combined, the phi29 motor assembly (i.e. gp10, gp16, and pRNA) has exhibited greater rates of ATP hydrolysis than any of these components independently.
Cognitive moral development and auditor independence

Abstract This paper examines the influence of cognitive moral development on an auditor's independence judgments. Over three-hundred audit professionals participated in a field experiment in which they completed a measure of moral development and responded to an ethical dilemma involving auditor independence. The most significant findings are that an auditor's level of moral development affected his or her sensitivity to ethical issues and independence judgments. Additionally, the influence of the audit firm, partitioned by size, moderated the moral development-independence relationship.
Endocrine Therapy of Functional Menometrorrhagia and Ovarian Sterility IV. One-Two Cyclic Therapy with Equine and Chorionic Gonadotropins1

IN VIEW OF THE LACK OF EVIDENCE, secured from the studies of the preceding communication, that the cyclic administration of equine gonado’ tropins affords any significant salvage in anovulatory ovarian failure, and because the theoretical and experimental considerations reviewed previously indicated that in the cases of the monkey and woman augmentation or synergism1 of equine gonadotropin with chorionic gonadotropin was doubtlessly necessary for full supplementation of pituitary deficiency, the present study was made. It is concerned with the assessment of effectiveness of a system of one'two cyclic therapy with equine and chorionic gonadotropins. The rationale of this form of therapy has been considered in detail in the preceding communication.
Spatial distribution of gas hydrates from high-resolution seismic and core data, Woolsey Mound, Northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Integration of new jumbo piston cores with high-resolution seismic reflection data provides the first documentation on the subsurface distribution of gas hydrates at a deep-water cold seep. The study area, Woolsey Mound is a carbonate–hydrate mound of thermogenic origin, in the northern Gulf of Mexico where salt tectonics dominate the regional structure. Two typologies of unconventional seismo-acoustic data were used in this study: 1) surface-source deep-receiver (SSDR) data and 2) AUV-borne chirp sub-bottom profiler data. Correlation of the coring results with seismic interpretations supports the hypothesis that distinctive seismic brightening (high frequency scattering) present in the SSDR records may indicate the presence of solid hydrates. This suggests that such unconventional seismic survey may be prospective for mapping gas hydrates in complex deep-water settings. Coring results revealed the nature of the shallow gas hydrate system to be dominated by fine-grained sediments. Gas hydrates were found exclusively in fracture porosity in the vicinity of a major active fault. We present a model for Woolsey Mound where shallow gas hydrates are systematically distributed along segments of faults intersected by transit of thermogenic hydrocarbons. This dual nature of the faults being both gas hydrate reservoirs and gas migration routes suggests a very dynamic hydrate stability field for this site.
Effects of neuroinflammation on glia–glia gap junctional intercellular communication: a perspective

Abstract Gap junctions serve as intercellular conduits that allow for the direct transfer of small molecular weight molecules (up to 1 kDa) including ions involved in cellular excitability, metabolic precursors, and second messengers. The observation of extensive intercellular coupling and large numbers of gap junctions in the central nervous system (CNS) suggests a syncytium-like organization of glial compartments. Inflammation is a hallmark of various CNS diseases such as bacterial and viral infections, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and cerebral ischemia. A general consequence of brain inflammation is reactive gliosis typified by astrocyte hypertrophy and proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. Changes in gap junction intercellular communication as reflected by alterations in dye coupling and connexin expression have been associated with numerous CNS inflammatory diseases, which may have dramatic implications on the survival of neuronal and glial populations in the context of neuroinflammation. A review of the effects of inflammatory products on glia–glia gap junctional communication and glial glutamate release is presented. In addition, the hypothesis of a “syncytial switch” based upon differential regulation of gap junction expression in astrocytes and microglia during normal CNS homeostasis and neuroinflammation is proposed.
The other side of the coin: Cognitive properties of nonreward

In this comment, I examine Amsel’s theory in the light of rats’ reaction not to frustrative non-reward per se, but to the more complicated case in which frustrative nonreward is part of a rule-based sequence of reward quantities. The discussion goes beyond Amsel’s emphasis on dispositional memory to consider cognitive and representational memory—the signaling properties of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. The strengths and weaknesses of Amsel’s theory are discussed with the fresh perspective that this viewpoint provides, and some issues emerge that may be fruitful for further study.
The Electric Arc

DEFINITION OF ARC. An arc is a discharge of electricity, between electrodes in a gas or vapor, which has a voltage drop at the cathode of the order of the minimum ionizing or minimum exciting potential of the gas or vapor. ARC CHARACTERISTICS. The relation of arcs to glow discharges and coronas is illustrated by discussion of ``generalized'' curve of the gas discharge characteristic. Empirical equations for arc characteristics are interpreted, and a dependence on the boiling temperature of the anode is shown. Seeliger's experiments on the transition from glow to arc, accompanied by the development of a cathode spot, show that the mechanism of the current at the cathode is fundamentally different in the two types of discharge. CATHODE SPOT. An analysis based on heat conduction in the cathode shows that the cathode spot has no sharp thermal definition, but does have a sharp boundary if defined by visual brightness or by thermionic emission. The phenomenon of moving cathode spots presents the problem of accounting for the observed temperatures. THEORIES OF CATHODE FALL. Compton's theory is based on space charge considerations and the assumption that the thickness of the fall space is equal to the electronic mean free path. Langmuir's theory differs from Compton's in assuming this thickness to be considerably less than a free path. Considerations of energy balance at the cathode definitely support Langmuir's rather than Compton's theory. ENERGY BALANCE AT CATHODE.
Microbiology: algae and the vitamin mosaic.

The requirements for vitamin B12 vary among algal species in a seemingly inexplicable pattern. A study that exploits genomic data now provides enlightenment — and evidence of symbioses with bacteria. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is one of nature's most complex metabolites. It is an essential human nutrient, and because it is not found in plants, strict vegetarians may suffer from deficiencies. Algae, including many seaweeds, are often rich in this vitamin and thus offer a good dietary source. However, until now the role of this cofactor in algal metabolism was unknown, as was the source of the vitamin for these organisms. A survey of the vitamin B12 requirements of more than 300 microalgal species has produced a startling result. Just under half of the algae have no requirement for the vitamin, and so are just like plants. But the rest of these supposedly autotrophic organisms require an external supply of the vitamin: they cannot make it themselves, rather it comes from tightly associated symbiotic bacteria.
On a problem of Erdös, Hajnal and Rado

Erdos, Hajnal and Rado asked whether N"2N"1 -> N"0N"0N"1N"1. We show that N"2N"1 @? N"0N"0N"1N"1 is consistent with ZF + GCH. The above symbol means that there exists a coloring of pairs (@[email protected]), @a @? @w"2, @b @? @w"1, by two colors such that each A x B, where A @? @w"2, B @? @w"1, |A| = @?"0. |B| = @?"1, has a pair of each color. N"2N"1 @? N"0N"0N"1N"1 is implied by the following statement (*): There are sets A"@a"@h @? @w"1, @a @? @w"2, @h @? @w"1, such that (@[email protected], @h, @x) (@h @x -> A"@a"@h @? A"@a"@x - 0), (@[email protected]) @? {A"@a"@h: @h @? @w"1} = @w"1, and for every sequence of distinct @a"n @? @w"2 and every sequence of (not necessarily distinct) @h"n @? @w"1, |@w"1 - @? {[email protected]"[email protected]"n : @h @? @w} | =< @?"0. Another consequence of (*) is. For every @?"1 nonprincipal countably additive ideals l"@r @? P(@w"1), @r @? @w"1, there is a set X @? @w"1 such that for all @r @? @w"1 neither X nor @w"1 - X @? l"@r. This shows the independence of a problem of Ulam.
EFFECTS OF WINDOW ORIENTATION ON MOOD AND BEHAVIOR

A number of studies have shown that sunshine appears to have a positive effect on mood and behavior: a correlation of .78 between amount of sunshine and judgments concerning the pleasantness of the day (3), a positive relationship between the number of hours of sunshine per day and. daily mood (2), amount of sunshine reaching the earth was a strong predictor of mood and helping behavior (1 ). Since window orientation (northern, southern, etc.) determines how much light enters a room, window orientation should indirectly have an effect on mood and behavior. To test this reasoning mood and behavioral measures were taken on students living in dormitory rooms having northern or southern exposures. It was hypothesized that the residents of the southern rooms would be happier and more productive than the residents of the northern rooms. The participants were 34 female students living in the even numbered rooms on the fifth floor of a college dormitory. Seventeen of the women lived in rooms facing south and 17 lived in rooms facing north. All of the rooms were equal in size and had two windows. All of the residents in the even numbered rooms agreed to participate in the study except two, one from each side. The residents were contacted by a female experimenter and asked to fill out a questionnaire. Each contact inade on the north side was alternated with a contact on the south side. Five questions were asked: (1) How much do you like your room? (2) How many hours do you spend in your room on weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays? (3) On a scale from 1 to 10, ranging from very unhappy to very happy, how happy are you right now? (4) How well do you get along with your roommate? (5) What was your grade point average last semester? Responses to Questions 1 and 4 were made on 7- and 9-point scales, respectively. Pearson correlations were computed between window orientation and responses to the questions. Since norrhern exposure was encoded as zero and southern exposure as one, a positive value means that the average response of the southern residents was greater than the average response of the northern residents. Only one significant correlation of .41 (p < .01) was found with happiness, indicating partial support. The southern residents were happier but not more productive. However, until confirmed by replication a word of caution is in order for room orientation was confounded. The rooms which faced the south also faced a street and private residences, while the rooms which faced the north faced a dining hall and another dormitory. Although unlikely, correlation may have been associated with scenery and not orientation and sunlight.
Effective Test Procedures for Evaluating Force Characteristics of Magneto-Rheological Dampers

This paper will provide a new test procedure for determining the force characteristics of magneto rheological (MR) dampers that are commonly used for vehicle suspensions. Force characteristics of a damper, in this case, refers to establishing the amount of force that the damper can provide at different relative velocities across the two ends of the damper, Force characteristics of a damper, which are commonly presented as a plot of force versus relative velocity—commonly known as force-velocity curve—are established in a shock (or damper) dynamometer in which one end of the damper is kept fixed and the other end is moved in a cyclical manner at a prescribed displacement and frequency. The peak damper force at each velocity is measured and plotted as discrete data points versus relative velocity across the damper. This is a well-understood and commonly used procedure for passive shock absorbers or dampers. For magneto rheological dampers, however, our study shows that such procedures do not necessarily provide an accurate assessment of the force characteristics of MR dampers in all damping conditions. The damping condition of MR dampers can be changed by a small amount of electrical current that can be provided to the damper. The inaccuracies are mainly due to the changing dynamics of the MR fluid inside the damper at different damping conditions. This paper will provide the test results for a MR damper, using the new and the conventional test procedures. The test results indicate that the use of the new test procedure will procedure will allow for an accurate representation of the MR damper force at all velocities, within the range of the currents that the damper is designed for.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
An Executable System Architecture Approach to Discrete Events System Modeling Using SysML in Conjunction with Colored Petri Net

This paper proposes an executable system architecting paradigm for discrete event system modeling and analysis through integration of a set of architecting tools, executable modeling tools, analytical tools, and visualization tools. The essential step is translating SysML-based specifications into colored Petri nets (CPNs) which enables rigorous static and dynamic system analysis as well as formal verification of the behavior and functionality of the SysML-based design. A set of tools have been studied and integrated that enable a structured architecture design process. Some basic principles of executable system architecture for discrete event system modeling that guide the process of executable architecture specification and analysis are discussed. This paradigm is aimed at general system design. Its feasibility was demonstrated with a C4- type network centric system as an example. The simulation results was used to check the overall integrity and internal consistency of the architecture models, refine the architecture design, and, finally, verify the behavior and functionality of the system being modeled.
The evolution of mate choice and the potential for conflict between species and mate–quality recognition

Understanding how individuals select mates becomes complex when high-quality conspecifics resemble heterospecifics. Individuals facing such a situation may be unable to effectively identify both conspecifics (species recognition) and high-quality mates that can confer fitness benefits to the choosy individual or its offspring (mate-quality recognition). Here I suggest when a conflict may occur between species and mate-quality recognition, discuss the evolutionary consequences stemming from this conflict, and present a model of mate-preference evolution in response to heterospecifics. Determining how species and mate-quality recognition interact to shape mate-choice decisions is important for understanding the diversification of sexually selected traits among closely related taxonomic groups, the use of complex sensory systems for detecting mates, and seemingly inappropriate mate-choice decisions.
Tremulous jaw movements in rats:a model of parkinsonian tremor

Abstract Several pharmacological and neurochemical conditions in rats induce `vacuous' or `tremulous' jaw movements. Although the clinical significance of these movements has been a subject of some debate, considerable evidence indicates that the non-directed, chewing-like movements induced by cholinomimetics, dopamine antagonists and dopamine depletions have many of the characteristics of parkinsonian tremor. These movements occur within the 3–7 Hz peak frequency range that is characteristic of parkinsonian tremor. Tremulous jaw movements are induced by many of the conditions that are associated with parkinsonism, and suppressed by several different antiparkinsonian drugs, including scopolamine, benztropine, l -DOPA, apomorphine, bromocriptine, amantadine and clozapine. Striatal cholinergic and dopaminergic mechanisms are involved in the generation of tremulous jaw movements, and substantia nigra pars reticulata appears to be a major basal ganglia output region through which the jaw movements are regulated. Future research on the neurochemical and anatomical characteristics of tremulous jaw movements could yield important insights into the brain mechanisms that generate tremulous movements.
Small-time behavior of unsteady cavity flows

A perturbation theory is applied to investigate the small-time behavior of unsteady cavity flows in which the time-dependent part of the flow may be taken as a small-time expansion superimposed on an established steady cavity flow of an ideal fluid. One purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the initial cavity size on the resulting flow due to a given disturbance. Various existing steady cavity-flow models have been employed for this purpose to evaluate the initial reaction of a cavitated body in an unsteady motion. Furthermore, a physical model is proposed here to give a proper representation of the mechanism by which the cavity volume may be changed with time; the initial hydrodynamic force resulting from such change is calculated based on this model.
A suspended boron foil multi-wire proportional counter neutron detector

Abstract Three natural boron foils, approximately 1.0 cm in diameter and 1.0 µm thick, were obtained from The Lebow Company and suspended in a multi-wire proportional counter. Suspending the B foils allowed the alpha particle and Li ion reaction products to escape simultaneously, one on each side of the foil, and be measured concurrently in the gas volume. The thermal neutron response pulse-height spectrum was obtained and two obvious peaks appear from the 94% and 6% branches of the 10 B(n,α) 7 Li neutron reaction. Scanning electron microscope images were collected to obtain the exact B foil thicknesses and MCNP6 simulations were completed for those same B thicknesses. Pulse-height spectra obtained from the simulations were compared to experimental data and matched well. The theoretical intrinsic thermal–neutron detection efficiency for enriched 10 B foils was calculated and is presented. Additionally, the intrinsic thermal neutron detection efficiency of the three natural B foils was calculated to be 3.2±0.2%.
Effects of long-term exposure to Δ9-THC on expression of cannabinoid receptor (CB1) mRNA in different rat brain regions

The time course of changes across 21 days of continuous exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) was assessed for the level of cannabinoid receptor (CB1) mRNA expression in three different rat brain regions: cerebellum, hippocampus and corpus striatum. Expression levels of CB1 mRNA were determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) following a protocol which included a gene standard, 28S ribonucleic acid protein (rRNA), for normalization of levels of RNA in the three different brain regions. The levels of CB1 mRNA were assessed in four different rats at each of seven time points (6 h, and 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days) during a 21-day Δ9-THC one dose day−1 (10 mg kg−1) treatment regimen. In the cerebellum and hippocampus, CB1 mRNA levels were increased above vehicle control animals at 7 and 14 days of treatment. In the striatum the levels of CB1 transcripts were severely reduced from days 2–14. CB1 message expression in all three brain areas returned to vehicle control levels by day 21 of Δ9-THC treatment, a time at which behavioral tolerance has been previously reported. An additional measure, receptor stimulated GTPγS binding, performed over the same time period revealed differential desensitization within the 3 brain areas as a function of chronic exposure to Δ9-THC. Hippocampus was the earliest to desensitize decreasing to 35% of control by treatment day 7, followed by a decrease in the cerebellum to that same level on day 14 of treatment. The striatum showed only half that degree of desensitization (65%) over the entire 21-day treatment period. Comparisons suggests that CB1 message may be regulated by different effector systems in each of the three areas during chronic Δ9-THC exposure.
Metal Reinforced Diamond Composite Films

A three-step process for producing a composite diamond film is presented. Plasma deposited diamonds are reinforced by an electroplated metal binder and the diamonds regrown to produce a continuous, strongly adhered diamond film on molybdenum and tungsten substrates. Microscratching and pin-on-disk testing indicate that the composite films are more adherent than plasma deposited diamonds alone.
"Extra-sensory perception" for wireless networks

Commodity smartphones and tablet devices now come equipped with a variety of sensors, including accelerometers, multiple positioning sensors, magnetic compasses, and inertial sensors (gyros). In this paper, we posit that these sensors can be profitably used to improve the performance of wireless network protocols running on these mobile devices, and introduce the idea of using external sensor hints for this purpose. We focus on mobility hints, including the device's state of motion, speed, direction of movement, and position. We outline how these hints can be used to: increase throughput by adapting bit rate selection to the state of movement; reduce the bandwidth required for estimating link delivery probabilities; improve the connectivity of routes in vehicular mesh networks using directionality hints; and enable access points to tailor the management of clients to their mobility.
Trends in Dual Military Couples in the U.S. Army

Dramatic percentage increases in female soldiers, married enlisted soldiers, spouses in the labor force, female single-parent soldiers, and dual military couples have changed the demography of the ...
Applying Knowledge and Confidence Information to Predict Achievement in Forecasting

In this paper, we explore the relationship between confidence and basic knowledge information collected prior to a forecast and forecast performance (i.e. achievement). Forecasters were asked at the beginning of the 2008 Major League Baseball season to predict end-of-year performance in five statistical categories for both hitters and pitchers. At the time of the initial forecast, participants were asked to rate the confidence in their forecast (0-100 scale) and were asked simple knowledge-based questions related to the player they were making forecasts about (e.g. player position and team). A regression analysis was used to compare the participant’s performance on the statistical categories with their knowledge and confidence. In general, there was a significant relationship between performance in the statistical categories and both knowledge and confidence when compared individually. However, given both confidence and knowledge, confidence provides no additional significant information.
Automatic cinemagraph portraits

Cinemagraphs are a popular new type of visual media that lie in-between photos and video; some parts of the frame are animated and loop seamlessly, while other parts of the frame remain completely still. Cinemagraphs are especially effective for portraits because they capture the nuances of our dynamic facial expressions. We present a completely automatic algorithm for generating portrait cinemagraphs from a short video captured with a hand-held camera. Our algorithm uses a combination of face tracking and point tracking to segment face motions into two classes: gross, large-scale motions that should be removed from the video, and dynamic facial expressions that should be preserved. This segmentation informs a spatially-varying warp that removes the large-scale motion, and a graph-cut segmentation of the frame into dynamic and still regions that preserves the finer-scale facial expression motions. We demonstrate the success of our method with a variety of results and a comparison to previous work.
State Constitutional Development Through Amendment in 1928

State activity in the amendment of constitutions seems to fluctuate between off-seasons in odd years and periods of expansion in even years. In 1927, when this annual survey was inaugurated, seven states were included. In 1928, attention was directed toward eighteen states. The number was reduced to five in 1929, only to swell to a new height of twenty-one in 1930. As heretofore, the constitutional changes are reviewed by states rather than by subject-matter, and the effect of each amendment upon earlier constitutional provisions is indicated. A word is said concerning the amendment process in each state surveyed. Massachusetts . Commencing in 1935, and continuing every tenth year thereafter, a census of the inhabitants of each city and town is to be taken and a special enumeration made of the legal voters therein for the purpose of determining the representative districts for the ten-year period beginning with the first Wednesday in the fourth January following the special enumeration. Districts established in 1926 continue in effect until the first Wednesday in January, 1939. Provision is made for the division of towns of twelve thousand population and over into representative districts; but no precincts in such towns may be divided. In taking the census, the enumeration of legal voters must specify the number residing in each precinct of the town. Towns of less than twelve thousand inhabitants may not be divided into representative districts. County commissioners are authorized to create representative districts and to apportion representatives among them. The total number of representatives (240), senators (40), and councilors remains unchanged (new Articles 21 and 22 in substitution for old Articles 21 and 22). It is necessary that constitutional amendments be approved by a majority of the Senate and by two-thirds of the House of Representatives in two successive legislatures, and by a majority of electors voting thereon at a popular election.
Synthesis of Mono‐ and Di(oxopyri)porphyrins: A New Approach through Ring Enlargement with Diazomethane

A novel approach for porphyrin modification is provided by ring-enlargement reactions. Treatment of dioxochlorins (see scheme) and tetraoxobacteriochlorins with diazomethane results in formation of the corresponding mono- and di(oxopyri)porphyrins.
A map for explorations in rolecentrism.

(1966). A Map for Explorations in Rolecentrism. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 70, No. 1, pp. 39-52.
A uniformly second order fast sweeping method for eikonal equations

A uniformly second order method with a local solver based on the piecewise linear discontinuous Galerkin formulation is introduced to solve the eikonal equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The method utilizes an interesting phenomenon, referred as the superconvergence phenomenon, that the numerical solution of monotone upwind schemes for the eikonal equation is first order accurate on both its value and gradient when the solution is smooth. This phenomenon greatly simplifies the local solver based on the discontinuous Galerkin formulation by reducing its local degrees of freedom from two (1-D) (or three (2-D), or four (3-D)) to one with the information of the gradient frozen. When considering the eikonal equation with point-source conditions, we further utilize a factorization approach to resolve the source singularities of the eikonal by decomposing it into two parts, either multiplicatively or additively. One part is known and captures the source singularities; the other part serves as a correction term that is differentiable at the sources and satisfies the factored eikonal equations. We extend the second order method to solve the factored eikonal equations to compute the correction term with second order accuracy, then recover the eikonal with second order accuracy. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Give me A5 for lipoprotein hydrolysis

APOA5 is a newly identified apolipoprotein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of plasma triglyceride levels. In several human studies, common APOA5 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been strongly associated with elevated plasma triglyceride levels. In this issue of the JCI, Marcais et al. report that the rare Q139X mutation in APOA5 leads to severe hypertriglyceridemia by exerting a dominant-negative effect on the plasma lipolytic system for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The presented data support the idea that the molecular mechanism of APOA5 function may include the enhancement of binding between lipoproteins and proteoglycans at the vascular wall and activation of proteoglycan-bound lipoprotein lipase.
Kant's Aesthetic Interpretation of a Certain Kind of Late Life Withdrawal

Developmental changes in late life have been studied from many perspectives. Yet rather little inquiry has been made into changes in specifically aesthetic interests and abilities people may experience in old age. This is unfortunate, because aesthetic awareness is both a very important part of life and one which often undergoes change as a function of aging and maturity. This article builds on the aesthetic theory of the enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant to argue that aesthetic theory can contribute to gerontological inquiry by offering hypotheses useful in explaining certain kinds of late life withdrawal, and for suggesting a new domain of empirical inquiry about old age development.
Disappearance of cell wall monomeric components from fractions chemically isolated from alfalfa leaves and stems following in-situ ruminal digestion.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) leaves and stems were incubated in the rumen of an alfalfa-fed steer for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h. Residues were analysed for monosaccharides remaining in chemically isolated fractions. Pectic substances were rapidly and extensively degraded. Xyloglucans also were quite degradable, whereas glucuronoxylans were very resistant to fermentation. Cellulose disappearance was intermediate between that of xylan and xyloglucan. For all non-pectic polysaccharides, leaf material was more degradable than stem, and this difference between leaf and stem was greater for cellulose than for most hemicellulosic fractions. Acetyl groups associated with the oxalate-insoluble fractions were degraded similarly to xylans. Alkali-labile phenolic acid content was lower in stems than in leaves, but contributed only 4 g kg−1 of leaf DM. Less than 10% of alkali-labile phenolics were associated with hemicelluloses. Structures which limit alfalfa xylan fermentation may include acetyl groups and linkages of uronic acid side chains to phenolic material.
Paragonimiasis Acquired in the United States: Native and Nonnative Species

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic lung infection caused by lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus, with most cases reported from Asia and caused by P. westermani following consumption of raw or undercooked crustaceans. With the exception of imported P. westermani cases in immigrants, in travelers returning from areas of disease endemicity, and in clusters of acquired cases following consumption of imported Asian crabs, human paragonimiasis caused by native lung flukes is rarely described in the United States, which has only one indigenous species of lung fluke, Paragonimus kellicotti. Clinicians should inquire about the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater crabs by immigrants, expatriates, and returning travelers, and the consumption of raw or undercooked crayfish in U.S. freshwater river systems where P. kellicotti is endemic when evaluating patients presenting with unexplained fever, cough, rales, hemoptysis, pleural effusions, and peripheral eosinophilia. Diagnostic evaluation by specific parasitological, radiological, serological, and molecular methods will be required in order to differentiate paragonimiasis from tuberculosis, which is not uncommon in recent Asian immigrants. All cases of imported and locally acquired paragonimiasis will require treatment with oral praziquantel to avoid any potential pulmonary and cerebral complications of paragonimiasis, some of which may require surgical interventions.
A resource balancing approach to SoC test scheduling

We present a novel test scheduling algorithm for embedded core-based SoCs. We formulate the test scheduling as a shortest path problem with the feature of evenly balanced resource usage. Improvements to the basic algorithm are sought by core-grouping and all-permutation scheduling. We also extend the algorithm to allow multiple test sets selection to facilitate the testing for various fault models. A simulation study is performed to quantify the benefits of our new scheduling approach.
Volume-based trends in laryngeal cancer surgery.

Objectives: Positive volume-outcome relationships exist for diseases treated with technically complex surgery. Contemporary patterns of laryngeal cancer surgery by hospital and surgeon volume are poorly defined. Methods: The Maryland Health Service Cost Review Commission database was queried for hospital and surgeon laryngeal cancer surgical case volumes from 1990 to 2009. Results: Overall, 1,981 laryngeal cancer surgeries were performed by 288 surgeons at 41 hospitals. Cases performed by high-volume surgeons increased from 19% in 1990 to 1999 to 35% in 2000 to 2009 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, P<.001), whereas cases performed at high-volume hospitals increased from 33% to 39% (OR = 2.0, P<.001). High-volume surgeons were more likely to perform total laryngectomy (OR = 1.7, P = .001) and neck dissection (OR = 1.7, P = .002). High-volume hospitals were significantly associated with total laryngectomy (OR = 2.0, P = .003), neck dissection (OR = 1.8, P = .038), flap reconstruction (OR = 5.1, P = .021), prior radiation (OR = 3.0, P = .031), and increased mortality risk scores (OR = 3.2, P = .006). After controlling for other variables, laryngeal cancer surgery in 2000 to 2009 was associated with increased access to high-volume surgeons (OR = 1.9, P<.001) and high-volume hospitals (OR = 1.3, P = .040), a decrease in partial and total laryngectomy procedures (OR = 0.2, P<.001), an increase in neck dissection (OR = 2.2, P< 0.001), an increase in prior radiation (OR = 3.0, P<.001), increased case complexity scores (OR = 5.7, P<.001), and an increase in wound fistula or dehiscence (OR = 2.0, P = .015) compared with 1990 to 1999. Conclusions: The proportion of laryngeal cancer surgery patients treated by high-volume surgeons and hospitals increased significantly in 2000 to 2009 compared with 1990 to 1999, with a decrease in laryngectomy procedures and an increase in wound complications. These findings may be due to changing trends in primary management of laryngeal cancer. Laryngoscope, 2011
The duration of Holter monitoring in patients with syncope. Is 24 hours enough

To determine the incremental yield of ambulatory monitoring in the evaluation of syncope, three serial 24-hour Holter recordings were obtained in a consecutive series of 95 patients with syncope, the cause of which was not explained by history, physical examination, or 12-lead electrocardiogram. The mean age of patients was 61 years and 41% were men. Major electrocardiographic abnormalities were found in 26 patients (27%), including unsustained ventricular tachycardia (19 patients), pauses of at least 2 seconds (8 patients), profound bradycardia (1 patient), and complete heart block (1 patient). The first 24-hour Holter recording had at least one major abnormality in 14 patients (15%) (95% confidence interval, 8.3% to 23.4%). Of the 81 patients without a major abnormality on the first Holter recording, the second Holter recording had major abnormalities in 9 (11%) (95% confidence interval, 5.1% to 20.0%). Of the 72 patients without a major abnormality on the first two Holter recordings, only 3 patients (4.2%) had a major abnormality on the third Holter recording (95% confidence interval, 0.8% to 11.7%). Four factors were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of a major abnormality on 72 hours of monitoring: age above 65 years (relative risk, 2.2), male gender (relative risk, 2.0), history of heart disease (relative risk, 2.2), and an initial nonsinus rhythm (relative risk, 3.5). These results suggest that 24 hours of Holter monitoring is not enough to identify all potentially important arrhythmias in patients with syncope. Monitoring may need to be extended to 48 hours if the first 24-hour Holter recording is normal.
Misdirected by a Mass: Syphilis

PRESENTATION The presence of an intraabdominal mass suggested malignancy rather than an increasingly common sexually transmitted infection. A 20-year-old man presented with fever and severe epigastric pain. Three weeks earlier, he sought treatment for a sore throat at an urgent care center. At that time, rapid strep testing was negative, and his symptoms subsequently resolved. One week prior to his current hospital presentation, he had intermittent fevers as high as 40 C (104 F) with rigors, night sweats, and an unintentional 5-lb (2.27-kg) weight loss. Three days prior to presentation, he developed constant, severe epigastric pain. Laboratory testing at the urgent care center revealed an elevated white blood cell count of 28 10 cells/ mm. He was directed to our Emergency Department. The patient’s recent medical history included a small area of nonpainful erythema at the urethral meatus that was not accompanied by dysuria. He also stated that he had undergone a “full sexually transmitted diseases panel” at the urgent care center, and the results had been negative. He was otherwise healthy, did not drink alcohol in excess, smoked 1-3 cigarettes and marijuana daily, denied use of injectable drugs, and reported using condoms with 3 male sexual partners within the past 6 months. He had no significant travel, animal, or occupational exposures.
Nutritional Aspects of Reduced-Fat Cheese

In response to consumer demand, the dairy industry has been developing new reduced and nonfat products to help meet dietary goals of reducing fat and calories. Because of its high fat content, cheese is a prime target for fat reduction, and offers great opportunities to market new varieties perceived as “healthy”, provided the reduced fat cheese is organoleptically acceptable.
Beyond Official: Government Information Work through Personal Accounts

This research demonstrates how government information workers employed different communication strategies through social media after a mass-causality event. Effectively using social media for some government functions may blur the lines between official work and the personal boundaries of government workers, thus raising privacy concerns for government employees.