cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semantic Event Detection and Classification in Cricket Video Sequence

In this paper, we present a novel hierarchical framework and effective algorithms for cricket event detection and classification. The proposed scheme performs a topdown video event detection and classification using hierarchical tree which avoids shot detection and clustering. In the hierarchy, at level-1, we use audio features, to extract excitement clips from the cricket video. At level-2, we classify excitement clips into real-time and replay segments. At level-3, we classify these segments into field view and non-field view based on dominant grass color ratio. At level-4a, we classify field view into pitch-view, long-view, and boundary view using motion-mask. At level-4b, we classify non-field view into close-up and crowd using edge density feature. At level-5a, we classify close-ups into the three frequently occurring classes batsman, bowler/fielder, umpire using jersey color feature. At level-5b, we classify crowd segment into the two frequently occurring classes spectator and playerspsila gathering using color feature. We show promising results, with correctly classified cricket events, enabling structural and temporal analysis, such as highlight extraction, and video skimming.
Craniodental indicators of prey size preference in the Felidae

In the present study, we used linear morphometrics of the crania, mandible and dentition to explore the association between craniodental shape and prey size among 35 species of living felids. To accomplish this, felids were divided into three prey-size groups: (1) large prey specialists; (2) small prey specialists; and (3) mixed prey feeders. From these linear measurements, large prey specialist felids can be distinguished from small and mixed prey feeders by their relatively robust canines and incisors and relatively wide muzzles. These cranial characters are advantageous when dispatching large prey, due to the stranglehold that cats employ during this activity. Robust canines resist the bending and torsional forces applied by struggling prey and a wider muzzle helps to stabilize grip and distribute bite forces more evenly during the killing bite. Small prey specialists had smaller canines, narrower muzzles and slightly longer jaws for a speed advantage when catching small, quick prey. Mixed prey feeders were intermediate between large and small prey specialists, indicating they are adapted to killing both sizes of prey. Given the success of this ecomorphological analysis of living felids that specialize on different prey sizes, we look forward to applying this same approach to extinct species. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 96, 784–799.
Antibody-Mediated Oligodendrocyte Remyelination Promotes Axon Health in Progressive Demyelinating Disease.

Demyelination underlies early neurological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, axonal damage is considered critical for permanent chronic deficits. The precise mechanisms by which axonal injury occurs in MS are unclear; one hypothesis is the absence or failure of remyelination, suggesting that promoting remyelination may protect axons from death. This report provides direct evidence that promoting oligodendrocyte remyelination protects axons and maintains transport function. Persistent Theiler’s virus infection of Swiss Jim Lambert (SJL)/J mice was used as a model of MS to assess the effects of remyelination on axonal injury following demyelination in the spinal cord. Remyelination was induced using an oligodendrocyte/myelin-specific recombinant human monoclonal IgM, rHIgM22. The antibody is endowed with strong anti-apoptotic and pro-proliferative effects on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. We used 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at the brainstem to measure N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) as a surrogate of neuronal health and spinal cord integrity. We found increased brainstem NAA concentrations at 5 weeks post-treatment with rHIgM22, which remained stable out to 10 weeks. Detailed spinal cord morphology studies revealed enhanced remyelination in the rHIgM22-treated group but not in the isotype control antibody- or saline-treated groups. Importantly, we found rHIgM22-mediated remyelination protected small- and medium-caliber mid-thoracic spinal cord axons from damage despite similar demyelination and inflammation across all experimental groups. The most direct confirmation of remyelination-mediated protection of descending neurons was an improvement in retrograde transport. Treatment with rHIgM22 significantly increased the number of retrograde-labeled neurons in the brainstem, indicating that preserved axons are functionally competent. This is direct validation that remyelination preserves spinal cord axons and protects functional axon integrity.
The influence of men's self-objectification on the drive for muscularity: Self- esteem, body satisfaction and muscle dysmorphia.

The current study examines the influence of self-objectification on men’s drive for muscularity, body satisfaction and self-esteem, and symptoms of muscle dysmorphia. Participants were 74 men recruited to complete an on-line self-report questionnaire to measure these experiences. The results indicate that men who scored high on measures of self-objectification also indicated a greater drive for muscularity and more symptoms of muscle dysmorphia compared to men who scored low on measures of self-objectification. No differences were found between the two groups on measures body satisfaction and self-esteem. These findings suggest that self-objectification increases men’s risk for experiencing symptoms of muscle dysmorphia. The results of the study support Grieve’s (2007) etiological model for muscle dysmorphia.
Multipole Spatial Filters Using Metamaterial-Based Miniaturized-Element Frequency-Selective Surfaces

This paper presents a novel multipole miniaturized-element frequency-selective surface (FSS) having a very low thickness and a desired multipole frequency response. For this design, new miniaturized elements for the FSS are developed to achieve low thickness solution and improved functionality. The proposed FSS enables implementation of higher order spatial filters over low-profile conformal antenna arrays. First, design of a very thin-layer modified miniaturized-element FSS producing a single-pole bandpass response in addition to a transmission zero is presented. The modified design is just a single-sided circuit board with a particular unit cell consisting of a loop centered within a wire grid. Next, using a similar metallic pattern on the other side of a very thin substrate, a dual-bandpass frequency response is produced. This response is achieved by choosing proper dimensions for the loops and wire of each layer and by appropriately positioning the layers with respect to each other. To establish a benchmark, dual-pole FSSs using cascaded layers of a previously designed miniaturized-element FSS are considered. In comparison, the modified dual-bandpass design has only two metal layers, instead of four, and a single substrate, instead of three. The proposed multipole FSS has a thickness of lambda/300 which is six times thinner than the benchmark structures. Moreover, the frequency response of the new FSS shows higher out-of-band rejection values. Performance of the multipole screens is tested by fabricating FSSs with maximally flat and dual-bandpass responses and measuring their frequency responses using a standard measurement setup in a free-space environment.
The effects of a magnetic field on the crystallization of a fluorozirconate glass

An axial magnetic field of 0.1T was applied to ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF (ZBLAN) fibers during heating to the glass crystallization temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to identify crystal phases. It was shown that fibers exposed to the magnetic field did not crystallize while fibers not exposed to the field did crystallize. A hypothesis based on magnetic work was proposed to explain the results and tested by measuring the magnetic susceptibilities of the glass and crystal.
A physiologically based clinical measure for spastic reflexes in spinal cord injury.

Benz EN, Hornby TG, Bode RK, Scheidt RA, Schmit BD. A physiologically based clinical measure for spastic reflexes in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:52-9. Objective: To test the validity of the Spinal Cord Assess- ment Tool for Spastic reflexes (SCATS), a clinical tool in- tended to rate spastic motor behavior after spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: By using correlational analyses, the SCATS was validated using concurrent measurements of kinematics and electromyograms and traditional assessments of spasms and spastic hypertonia. Setting: Research laboratory (kinematics and electromyo- graphy) and outpatient medical clinic (traditional measures of spastic hypertonia). Participants: Eleven people with SCI were used for kine- matic and electromyographic measurements. Seventeen people with SCI were used for comparison with other clinical scales. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Kinematic and surface electro- myographic measurements of the tested lower extremity were used to quantify magnitude and/or duration of motor behaviors, and the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS) and the Ashworth Scale were used to measure spasm frequency and resistance to joint movement for the hip flexors, knee flexors, and ankle plantarflexors, respectively. Concurrently, the SCATS was used to assess the clonus response to an imposed ankle dorsi- flexion, the flexion response to a stimulus to the foot, and the knee extensor activity in response to an imposed leg extension. Each component of the SCATS was compared with the Ash- worth Scale, the PSFS, and kinematic and electromyographic measurements by using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results: Clonus, flexor spasm, and extensor spasm re- sponses measured by using the SCATS correlated significantly with kinematic and electromyographic recordings (P.01). Significant correlations were also observed between the SCATS extensor spasms and the Ashworth scores for hip and knee flexors and for ankle plantarflexors (.98, .88, .61, respectively). Also, SCATS flexor spasms and SCATS clonus scores correlated significantly with some of the Ashworth scores. Only SCATS clonus scores correlated significantly with spasm frequency measures (.59, P.05). Conclusions: The SCATS produced a valid measure of 3 distinct types of spastic motor behaviors in SCI and may provide a complementary tool for measuring spastic hyperto- nia. Such a measure is valuable because current assessment tools do not differentiate between the different types of spastic motor behaviors that manifest after SCI. Distinguishing the 3 spastic reactions using an efficient and valid clinical tool may
Evaluating Word Prediction: Framing Keystroke Savings

Researchers typically evaluate word prediction using keystroke savings, however, this measure is not straightforward. We present several complications in computing keystroke savings which may affect interpretation and comparison of results. We address this problem by developing two gold standards as a frame for interpretation. These gold standards measure the maximum keystroke savings under two different approximations of an ideal language model. The gold standards additionally narrow the scope of deficiencies in a word prediction system.
Fallopian Tube Torsion in the Pediatric Age Group Radiologic Evaluation

Fallopian tube torsion is a rare but important cause of acute pelvic pain in young adolescent girls. It is a surgical emergency treated with either detorsion or salpingectomy. The imaging findings can be nonspecific and challenging. However, an accurate early diagnosis is essential for prompt surgical treatment. Our objective was to review whether imaging findings can be specific enough to suggest the diagnosis of tubal torsion prospectively in the appropriate clinical setting. An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review of our imaging database from 2005 to 2012 revealed 10 surgically proven cases of fallopian tube torsion. All cases had sonography performed; 5 cases had additional multidetector computed tomography. All 10 patients (9-17 years) presented with acute pelvic pain. Sonographic findings included dilated tubular structures in 6 of 10 cases: adjacent to a normal ipsilateral ovary in 5 of 6 and adjacent to a benign ovarian teratoma in 1. In 4 cases, no dilated tube was identified; 3 of 4 had a cystic mass separate from the ovaries, and 1 had the imaging appearance of a multicystic ovary. Computed tomographic findings in the 5 cases that underwent multidetector computed tomography included a dilated tubular structure in 3 of 5; 2 of 5 had a cystic adnexal mass identified. Although rare, tubal torsion should be considered in female adolescents with acute pelvic pain. Sonography should be the first imaging choice. When a tubular structure or a midline cystic mass associated with a normal ipsilateral ovary is noted, tubal torsion should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Continuous foam fractionation: The effect of operating variables on separation

Continuous foam fractionation has a great deal of promise as a chemical engineering separation technique; however more information is needed concerning the effect of operating variables upon the separation which may be obtained. An experimental investigation is presented of the influence of temperature, of liquid residence time, and of the position of feed introduction upon the foam fractionation of the ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide-water system. The study involves three series of experiments and ninety foam separation runs. For a given air rate and feed stream concentration and rate, the drain stream concentration and rate increase linearly with temperature and the foam concentration and enrichment ratio are increasing functions of temperature. Equations derived from a multiple linear regression analysis enable the calculation of the drain stream concentration and rate from the feed concentration, air rate, and temperature. Based upon experiments involving the variation in liquid residence time by two methods, changes in solution height have no influence upon the separation, indicating the rapid achievement of equilibrium. Changes in feed rate and air rate show that the volume of air employed per unit volume of feed treated is a prime variable affecting the separation. Positioning the feed inlet at the solution-foam interface, compared with feeding into the solution, provides a significant increase in drain rate and decrease in drain concentration. Moving the feeder higher into the column of foam results in a continued decrease in drain concentration, but in the passage of the drain rate and foam concentration through maximum values at a height corresponding to approximately the midpoint of the column of foam.
Distribution of the envelope of a sum of random sine waves and Gaussian noise

The cumulative distribution of the envelope of the sum of a sinusoidal signal, a number M of randomly phased interfering sine waves, and, possibly, Gaussian noise is expressed as the sum of Marcum's Q-function and an asymptotic series of Laguerre polynomials, much like the ordinary Edgeworth series for the distribution of the sum of a number of independent random variables. A test of the method with M=20 showed that its computation requires about 2% of the time needed for numerical inversion of the characteristic function of the distribution.
AN ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN IN DROSOPHILA COLOCALIZES WITH HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 IN PERICENTRIC HETEROCHROMATIN

The actin-related proteins have been identified by virtue of their sequence similarity to actin. While their structures are thought to be closely homologous to actin, they exhibit a far greater range of functional diversity. We have localized the Drosophila actin-related protein, Arp4, to the nucleus. It is most abundant during embryogenesis but is expressed at all developmental stages. Within the nucleus Arp4 is primarily localized to the centric heterochromatin. Polytene chromosome spreads indicate it is also present at much lower levels in numerous euchromatic bands. The only other protein in Drosophila reported to be primarily localized to centric heterochromatin in polytene nuclei is heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), which genetic evidence has linked to heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing and alterations in chromatin structure. The relationship between Arp4 and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) was investigated by labeling embryos and larval tissues with antibodies to Arp4 and HP1. Arp4 and HP1 exhibit almost superimposable heterochromatin localization patterns, remain associated with the heterochromatin throughout prepupal development, and exhibit similar changes in localization during the cell cycle. Polytene chromosome spreads indicate that the set of euchromatic bands labeled by each antibody overlap but are not identical. Arp4 and HP1 in parallel undergo several shifts in their nuclear localization patterns during embryogenesis, shifts that correlate with developmental changes in nuclear functions. The significance of their colocalization was further tested by examining nuclei that express mutant forms of HP1. In these nuclei the localization patterns of HP1 and Arp4 are altered in parallel fashion. The morphological, developmental and genetic data suggest that, like HP1, Arp4 may have a role in heterochromatin functions.
“Womanhood does not reside in documentation”: Queer and feminist student activism for transgender women's inclusion at women's colleges

This article considers queer-driven student activism at Smith College, as well as admissions policy shifts at a number of prominent U.S. women's colleges for transgender women's inclusion. The author illustrates how student attempts to dismantle the transmisogyny at Smith as a purportedly feminist "women's" space, as well as some women's colleges' shifts in admissions policy, challenge divisions between transgender and cisgender women. This paradigmatic shift reflects the campuses as comparative havens for gender and sexual exploration, the influence of postmodern gender theory in understanding identity, and the growth of "queer" as an all-encompassing signifier for sexual and gender transgression.
Transplantation and Corpuscular Identity in Paracelsian Vital Philosophy

Long recognized as an important antecedent to the development of modern chemistry, Paracelsian chemical philosophy is often left out of historians’ reconstruction of “chymical” matter theory in the seventeenth-century scientific revolution, owing to a thematic incommensurability between the new mechanistic theories and the vital philosophy of the Paracelsians. As a result, vital philosophy is more often characterized in terms of “correspondences” and “affinities” than as an explanation for material transformation. This paper explores a key component of vitalist matter theory, Paracelsian semina (seeds) as basic organic entities and principles of development, and how the concept of their “transplantation” illuminates both their inner vital nature and their spatialization as material principles. The result is a concept of chemical-mechanical action that is far different from the mechanical matter theory of the Cartesians. By defining temporality as an essential characteristic of seminal matter, the late sixteenth-century Paracelsian theorist Petrus Severinus provided a metaphysically sound basis for explaining internal agency as a foundational property of material being. Severinus’ conception of semina was widely read and commented on by medical writers and natural philosophers involved in constructing the “new science” of the seventeenth century.
Effect of HCO3 − on TPA- and IBMX-induced anion conductances in Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells

Effects of HCO3 − on protein kinase C (PKC)- and protein kinase A (PKA)-induced anion conductances were investigated in Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells. In HCO3 −-free media, activation of PKC via 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) depolarized apical membrane potential (V a) and decreased fractional apical voltage ratio (FR). These effects were blocked by mucosal 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB), a Cl− channel blocker. In HCO3 −media, TPA induced significantly greater changes inV a and FR. These effects were blocked only when NPPB was present in both mucosal and basolateral compartments. The data suggest that TPA activates NPPB-sensitive apical Cl− conductance (g Cl a) in the absence of HCO3 −; in its presence, TPA stimulated both NPPB-sensitive g Cl a and basolateral Cl− conductance (g Cl b). Activation of PKA via 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) also decreased V a and FR; however, these changes were not affected by external HCO3 −. We conclude that HCO3 − modulates the...
Bio-Ecology of Some Eurygaster Species in Central California (Pentatomidae-Scutellerinae)

In Central California, Eurygaster amerinda Bliven and E. minidoka Bliven occur in open woodlands in the foothill area, and feed principally on wild oats. Under certain conditions, they shift to other host plants ( Amsinckia, Ranunculus , and Lolium ). Both species have one generation per year, with a developmental period of 70 to 90 days; from June or July until March or April they are in adult diapause. In the Berkeley Hills, the habitat of E. amerinda is relatively undisturbed, with dormancy shelter sites and feeding areas so close together that migratory movement is insignificant. In Pacheco Pass, the grasslands in the vicinity of the dormancy sites are grazed early in February and March, and at the time of emergence in April the bugs fly to lower rangelands. The adaptation of E. amerinda and E. minidoka to the wild oat, an introduced grain, shows that they have the adaptive ability to become pests of cultivated cereals in the United States.
Preferential Staining of Granulocytic Cells by Sulphonaphthyl Red

Using sulphonaphthyl red (Michrome #947), granules in mature and immature granulocytic cells stained bright red. Granules were not visualized in other types of normal or leukemic blood cells. As such, sulphonaphthyl red may be useful in distinguishing normal and abnormal granulocytic cells from other types of blood and bone marrow cells.
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis

Although recent investigations have contributed greatly to our understanding of the function and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, much remains unclear. The influence of suprahypothalamic areas of the brain on hypothalamic function, the nature of thyroid hormone feedback on the hypothalamus, and the physiologis sugnificance of prolactin release by TRH are all topics requiring further study. The extensive experience which has been accululated in the use of TRH as a diagnostic tool has led to its acceptance as a safe, convenient, rapid method of assessment of pituitary and thyroid function. It appears that TRH testing is useful in evaluation of pituitary TSH and prolactin reserve in patients with pituitary lesions; in the differentiation of pituitary and hypothalamic causes of hypothyroidism; in diagnosis of euthyroid Graves' disease; in the evaluation of the adequacy of TSH suppression in thyroid hormone therapy of nodular goiter; and possibly in the diagnosis of mild primary hypothyroidism.
Radiation Therapy for MRI Defined Meningiomas: Long-term Outcomes From a Single-Institution

charts were retrospectively reviewed. Patient and treatment characteristics and complication rates were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chisquare test, and independent t-test. Oncologic outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 15 years (range, 1-39). Median duration of follow-up was 7.2 years. Of 66 patients, 38 received radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) and 25 received RT alone; radiation volumes encompassed the craniospinal axis in 39% vs. 64%, respectively, the tumor bed and whole ventricles in 16% vs. 24%, and the tumor bed alone in 45% vs. 12% (pZ0.02). Two patients (3%) had CT alone, then died prior to further treatment, and one patient was treated with surgery alone. At 5 and 10 years, relapse-free survival (RFS) was 80% and 76%, disease-specific survival was 86% and 81%, and overall survival was 86% and 81%. For patients treated with RT alone, RFS was 83% at 5 years and 83% at 10 years, while for patients treated with RT and CT, RFS was 79% at 5 years and 75% at 10 years (pZ0.44). Forty (61%) of 66 patients developed at least one hormone deficiency: 15 (23%) had deficiencies in growth hormone, 28 (42%) in thyroid stimulating hormone, 23 (35%) in adrenocorticotropic hormone, 23 (35%) in gonadotropins, and 25 (38%) in antidiuretic hormone. Diplopia occurred in 26/66 patients (39%) and decreased acuity in 19/66 patients (29%). Six patients (8%) had cerebrovascular events (CVEs), 3 after surgery, and 3 after RT. Eight (12%) patients developed seizure disorders, 4 due to disease, 2 after surgery, 1 after RT, and 1 after CT. Twenty-one patients (32%) developed cognitive impairment. In patients followed for more than 5 years, secondary neoplasms occurred in 15% (4/27) of the patients with a median follow-up 9.5 years, who received CSRT, compared to none of the 19 patients with a median follow-up of 10.5 years, who received RT to a smaller volume (pZ0.08); these 4 neoplasms were glioblastoma, grade 1 meningioma, Hodgkin lymphoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Conclusion: We report favorable population-based outcomes in patients treated for intracranial germinoma. Smaller radiation volumes were used in those treated with RT and CT versus RT alone. RFS was not significantly different between patients who received RT and CT versus RT alone. Patients treated for intracranial germinoma experience a wide range of clinically significant complications. Author Disclosure: A.C. Lo: None. K. Taguchi: None. A. Nichol: Research Grant; Varian Medical Systems. Honoraria; Varian Medical Systems. Travel Expenses; Electa. A.F. Howard: None. H. Hasan: None. K. Goddard: None.
The Modification of Unidirectional Calcium Fluxes by Dibucaine in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles from Rabbit Fast Skeletal Muscle

The ability of dibucaine to modify unidirectional calcium fluxes was studied in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles prepared from rabbit fast skeletal muscle. Dibucaine inhibited initial calcium uptake velocity in a concentration-dependent manner; at 7.4 µM Ca2+, approximately 0.8 mM dibucaine was required to achieve half-maximal inhibition of the calcium pump. This inhibitory effect of dibucaine was increased when external Ca2+ was decreased. Lower dibucaine concentrations (0.08-0.64 mM), however, stimulated calcium uptake when added to calcium-filled vesicles. This stimulatory effect of dibucaine was due to a decrease in the calcium efflux rate of the vesicles. Higher dibucaine concentrations (>0.9 mM) increased calcium efflux and inhibited calcium influx when added to calcium-filled vesicles. These complex effects of dibucaine on calcium transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum may reflect the ability of this drug to stabilize the membrane at lower concentrations and to disrupt or induce lysis of the membrane at higher concentrations.
The Optical Element Fabrication Process

The seven steps in the fabrication of a lens are discussed and examples are included to indicate the complexity of some of the steps. The types of tooling required are described as well as the accuracy to which some of the steps can be performed. Emphasis is on the practical aspects of manufacture.
Emergency Department and Inpatient Healthcare utilization due to Hypertension

Hypertension is one of the commonest chronic diseases, yet limited data are available for related health care utilization. Our study objective was to describe the emergency department (ED) and subsequent hospitalization related health care utilization and charges due to hypertension in the U.S. We used the National ED sample (NEDS) to study hypertension-related utilization and charges. Multivariable-adjusted linear or logistic regression was used to assess hypertension-associated ED and hospitalization outcomes (disposition, length of stay, charges), adjusted for patient demographic, comorbidity and hospital characteristics. There were 0.92, 0.97 and 1.04 million ED visits (0.71–0.77 % of all ED visits) with hypertension as the primary diagnosis in 2009, 2010 and 2012, respectively; 23 % resulted in hospitalization. ED charges were $2.00, $2.27 and $2.86 billion, and for those hospitalized, total charges (ED plus inpatient) were $6.62, $7.09 and $7.94 billion, in 2009, 2010 and 2012, respectively. Older age (50 to 65 years), female sex, metropolitan area residence, South or West U.S. hospital location, private insurance and the presence of congestive heart failure were each associated with higher charges for an ED visit with hypertension as the primary diagnosis. Younger age, metropolitan residence, Medicaid insurance, hospital location in the Northeast and co-existing diabetes, gout, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperlipidemia and osteoarthritis were associated with higher risk, whereas male sex was associated with lower risk of hospitalization after ED visit for hypertension. In 2012, 71.6 % of all patients hospitalized with hypertension as the primary diagnosis were discharged home. Older age, metropolitan residence and most comorbidities were associated with lower odds, whereas male sex, payer other than Medicare, South or West U.S. hospital location were associated with higher odds of discharge to home. Hypertension is associated with significant healthcare burden in the U.S. Future studies should assess strategies to reduce hypertension-associated cost and health care burden.
The Effect Of Non-Audit Services On Independent Auditor Judgment

This study examines the effects of non-audit services on auditors’ risk and materiality judgments. The results revealed a significantly negative association between non-audit services and auditors’ risk judgments, but only for services involving financial information system design and implementation. The auditors did not change their risk judgments for non-audit services with less audit relevance. Non-audit services had an insignificant effect on auditors’ materiality judgments. We conclude that non-audit services did not cause an inappropriate bias in auditor judgment.
The case for teaching DSP algorithms in conjunction with implementations

In this paper, we argue the need for integrating the teaching of DSP algorithms with their implementation. We view this as the next step in the road of DSP education, naturally following the current trends from all algorithmic theory in the 19 70's to the increasing (but still limited) incorporation of implementation techniques. On the other hand, we also see the increasing availability of implementation texts ranging from computer arithmetic to embedded real-time systems. These texts have a limited algorithmic component. We believe that we should teach DSP algorithms and their implementations together in one unified course (or sequence of courses). It might be most logical to incorporate this material at the junior year.
Distributed Partitioning Algorithms for Locational Optimization of Multiagent Networks in SE(2)

This paper is concerned with the development of distributed spatial partitioning algorithms for locational optimization problems involving networks of agents with planar rigid body dynamics subject to communication constraints. The domain of the problems we consider is a three-dimensional (3-D) nonflat manifold embedded in the state space of the agents, which we refer to as the terminal manifold. The approach we propose allows us to associate the partition of the 3-D terminal manifold, which is induced by a nonquadratic proximity metric and comprised of nonconvex cells, with a one-parameter family of partitions of 2-D flat manifolds, which are induced by (parametric) quadratic proximity metrics and comprised of convex polygonal cells. By exploiting the special structure of the parametric partitions, we develop distributed partitioning algorithms that converge in a finite number of steps. Subsequently, we utilize the solutions to the latter problems to solve a class of locational optimization problems over the terminal manifold. Numerical simulations that illustrate the capabilities of the proposed algorithms are also presented.
Characterization of Stress in Low-Income, Inner-City Mothers of Children with Poorly Controlled Asthma.

The goal of this longitudinal analysis was to characterize factors associated with the experience of life stress in low-income, inner-city mothers of minority children with high-risk asthma.Participants (n = 276) reported on family demographics, child asthma control and healthcare utilization, social support, contemporary life difficulties (housing, finances, violence exposure) measured by the validated Crisis in Family Systems scale, and daily stress. Latent growth curve modeling examined predictors of life stress across 12 months as a function of home and community difficulties, asthma-specific factors, and social support. Mothers were primarily single (73%), unemployed (55%), and living in extreme poverty with most (73%) reporting an annual family income <$20,000 (73%). The children were young (mean age = 5.59, SD = 2.17), African-American (96%), and had poorly controlled asthma (94%) at study enrollment. Higher daily stress was associated with financial difficulties, safety concerns in the home and community, and housing problems. Access to social support was consistently related to reduced stress. The only asthma-specific factor associated with life stress was healthcare utilization, with more emergency services for asthma related to higher daily stress. Findings underscore the clinical significance of assessing diverse home and community stressors and social support in low-income, inner-city caregivers of children with poorly controlled asthma.
Poster: Characters vs. Words : Observations on Command Design for Brain-Computer Interfaces

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow users to communicate to a nearby computing device (computer, smartphone, etc.) using thoughts or other covert actions that result in a detectable change in brain-waves. Consider a BCI command to be a word consisting of a sequence of characters. Each character is a thought or action that can be reliably detected through brain waves. For this work, we specifically consider eye-blinks as the user action of interest. Eye-blinks are an interesting modality for BCI commands because of their easy detectability and naturalness (and hence covertness). It turns out that there is an interesting trade-off between the complexity of characters and the length of words. In this work, we perform a user-study to answer a simple, but important, question pertaining to eye-blinks based BCI command design: do users prefer shorter characters (and hence longer words) or shorter words (and hence longer characters) when performing commands?. We present a simple eye-blink language consisting of words and characters and use real user-experiments to study the aforementioned trade-off.
Effects of sex and HIV serostatus on spatial navigational learning and memory among cocaine users

Spatial learning and memory are critically dependent on the integrity of hippocampal systems. Functional MRI and neuropathological studies show that hippocampal circuitry is prominently affected among HIV-seropositive individuals, but potential spatial learning and memory deficits have not been studied in detail in this population. We investigated the independent and interactive effects of sex and HIV serostatus on performance of a spatial learning and memory task in a sample of 181 individuals with a history of cocaine dependence. We found that men showed faster times to completion on immediate recall trials compared with women and that delayed recall was significantly poorer among HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected participants. Additionally, a sex × serostatus effect was found on the total number of completed learning trials. Specifically, HIV-infected men successfully completed more learning trials compared with HIV-infected women. Results are discussed in the context of recent reports of sex and HIV serostatus effects on episodic memory performance.
Characterization of Barium Borate Frameworks Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Systematic micro-Raman scattering investigations have been carried out on Sm+2 doped 2(BaO)-n(B2O3) matrices for n = 4, 5, 8, and 2(BaO)-(Na2O)-9(B2O3) using the 364 nm excitation of an Ar+ laser. The Raman results have been compared with the known structures of barium tetraborate, barium pentaborate, barium octaborate, and barium sodium nonaborate. An excellent correlation has been found between the BO4/BO3 composition ratios for each product and intensity ratios of the designated BO4 and BO3 Raman peaks. Furthermore, the Raman frequencies of both BO4 and BO3 groups undergo a systematic blueshift as n increases from four to nine. The shift results from a decrease of the B-O bond lengths for both BO4 and BO3 groups as the samples transition from the tetraborate to nonaborate structures. Linear relations (with negative slopes) have been determined between the measured Raman frequencies and B-O bond lengths in the frameworks.
Invited Paper: Nutritional and management considerations for beef cattle experiencing stress-induced inflammation1

ABSTRACT Beef cattle are exposed to several stressors when relocated from cow-calf ranches to feedlots, including transport and feedlot entry. These events elicit a myriad of stressors that increase (P 0.68) ADG and G:F. In Exp. 2, steers received or not Ca-soaps of soybean oil during a 28-d preconditioning and then were transported for 24 h. Supplemented steers had less (P
Weathering Storms: Understanding the Impact of Natural Disasters in Central America

In the past decades, natural disasters have caused substantial human and economic losses in Central America, with strong adverse impacts on gross domestic product per capita, income, and poverty reduction. This study provides a regional perspective on the short-term impact of hurricane windstorms on socioeconomic indicators. Apart from modeling the socioeconomic impact at the macro and micro levels, the study incorporates and juxtaposes data from a hurricane windstorm model categorizing three hurricane damage indexes, which lends a higher level of detail, nuance, and therefore accuracy and comprehensiveness to the study. One standard deviation in the intensity of a hurricane windstorm leads to a decrease in growth of total per capita gross domestic product of between 0.9 and 1.6%, and a decrease in total income and labor income by 3%, which in turn increases moderate and extreme poverty by 1.5 percentage points. These results demonstrate the causal relationship between hurricane windstorm impacts and poverty in Central America, producing regional evidence that could improve targeting of disaster risk management policies toward those most impacted and thus whose needs are greatest.
Twenty-five Years among the Indians and Buffalo: A Frontier Memoir

Review of: "Twenty-five Years among the Indians and Buffalo: A Frontier Memoir", by William D. Street, edited by Warren R. Street with an introduction by Richard W. Etulain.
5.33 – Migraine – A Disorder Involving Trigeminal Brainstem Mechanisms

Migraine is a common, disabling disorder one of whose core manifestations is activation, or the perception of activation, of nociceptive trigeminal neurons. Neurons in the most caudal medulla and dorsal horns of the two upper cervical cord segments receive input from trigeminally innervated structures and from nociceptive afferents in the distribution of C2, the trigeminocervical complex (TCC). TCC neurons project to thalamus and are influenced by neurotransmitters that have been shown to be involved in migraine, and by brainstem modulatory structures implicated in migraine by brain functional imaging studies. Studying the physiology and pharmacology of these systems will enhance understanding of migraine and related primary headache disorders.
The N-End Rule of Selective Protein Turnover

In both bacterial and eukaryotic cells, relatively long-lived proteins, whose half-lives are close to or exceed the cell generation time, coexist with proteins whose half-lives can be less than 1% of the cell generation time. Rates of intracellular protein degradation are a function of the cell’s physiological state and appear to be controlled differentially for individual proteins.1–7 In particular, damaged and some otherwise abnormal proteins are metabolically unstable.1–10 It is also clear that many otherwise undamaged regulatory proteins are extremely short-lived in vivo.1–23 Metabolic instability of such proteins allows for efficient temporal control of their intracellular concentrations through regulated changes in rates of their synthesis or degradation. Instances in which the metabolic instability of an intracellular protein is known to be directly relevant to its function include the cII protein of bacteriophage λ (cII is the essential component of a molecular switch that determines whether λ grows lytically or lysogenizes an infected cell),16–18 the σ32 factor of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (σ32 confers on RNA polymerase the specificity for promoters of heat-shock genes),15,19–21 and the HO endonuclease of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HO is a site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease that initiates the process of mating-type interconversion in yeast).22,23
Propagation Characteristics and Excitation of Magnetostatic Waves

Chapter 4 treated the resonant frequencies, dispersion relations, and mode fields for various magnetostatic modes. In this chapter we expand on the properties of magnetostatic waves in thin films and describe how to excite them. We first establish approximate expressions for the Poynting vector and energy velocity valid in the magnetostatic approximation. Next we apply the phenomenological description of magnetic damping introduced in Chapter 2 to the problem of magnetostatic wave attenuation. Finally, we derive orthogonality and normalization conditions and use these relations to calculate the excitation of magnetostatic waves by thin wires and conducting strips.
Real-World Experiences with Pazopanib in Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma in Northern California

Background: Pazopanib was approved for advanced soft tissue sarcoma as a second- or third-line therapy based on the clinical trial “Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma” (PALETTE). We hypothesized that the real-world experiences may be significantly different from the clinical trial results. Methods: We analyzed the response pattern of patients with advanced soft tissue and bone sarcoma who received pazopanib treatment between 1 January 2011 and 31 October 2018 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Results: A total of 123 patients with 23 different histologic subtypes were assessable. One patient with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma obtained complete response (CR) after 2 months of treatment with pazopanib, 12 patients (9.7%) obtained partial response (PR), 34 patients (27.6%) had stable disease (SD), while 76 patients (61.8%) developed progressive disease (PD). The disease control rate (DCR) was 46.3% (CR + PR + SD). Among the 12 patients with PR, 3 had undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), 4 had leiomyosarcoma (LMS), 2 had pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 had pleomorphic liposarcoma, 1 had dedifferentiated liposarcoma, and 1 had angiosarcoma. The median duration of response was 9 months. Two patients with Ewing’s sarcoma had SD for 6 and 13 months, and two patients with osteosarcoma had SD for 6 and 9 months. Among 65 patients assessed at 8 weeks, 9 had a response, and 10 had SD. Among 104 patients assessed at 12 weeks, 12 had a response, and 26 had SD. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was approximately 3 months for all 123 cases and for patients with UPS and LMS. Conclusions: Our cohort of patients with advanced soft tissue and bone sarcoma in Northern California treated with pazopanib had diverse histologic subtypes. The response rate (CR + PR) was higher than that of the PALETTE trial, while the DCR and the median PFS were significantly lower. The observation of PR in two patients with liposarcoma and durable SD in several patients with bone sarcoma indicates that pazopanib has activity in liposarcoma and bone sarcoma.
A Convenient C-H Functionalization Platform for Pyrroloiminoquinone Alkaloid Synthesis.

Abstract Pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids represent a structurally intriguing class of natural products that display an array of useful biological properties. Here, we present a versatile and scalable platform for the synthesis of this diverse family – and in particular the antitumor discorhabdins – built upon sequential selective C–H functionalization of tryptamine. The utility of this strategy is showcased through short formal syntheses of damirones A–C, makaluvamines D and I, and discorhadbin E. Additionally, we describe efforts to develop the first catalytic asymmetric entry to the discorhabdin subclass.
Sustained Weight Loss and Improvements in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Worksite-based Behavioral Program (FS18-04-19)

To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel low-burden behavioral intervention (BI) for weight loss on changes in body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors when implemented with or without meal replacements (MR). Twelve worksites (≥300 employees each) in the Greater Boston area participated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial, with 8 worksites (n = 259 participants) allocated to the intervention group (IG) and 4 worksites (n = 76) to a wait-listed control group (CG). IG participants were further randomized to receive the BI, which emphasizes hunger and craving management via diet composition, for 18 months without or with MR (BI + MR). Weight and cardiometabolic variables were measured at baseline and 6 months for all groups, and also at 12 and 18 months in the IGs. Linear mixed models compared 6-month changes in % weight loss, body mass index (BMI), body fat, and cardiometabolic risk factors for all groups. Similar analyses were conducted for the BI and BI + MR groups at 12 and 18 months. Estimated means and standard deviations were calculated. Statistical models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline measurement, and worksite. The study population was 83% female. The Mean ± SD for age and BMI were 47.9 ± 10.4 years and 32.9 ± 5.5 kg/m², respectively. At 6 months, average weight loss was 9.2 ± 7.2% for BI and 8.3 ± 7.0% for BI + MR. Weight loss was significantly greater in both IGs than the CG (both P < 0.001), but not significant between IGs (P = 0.35). Similar results were observed for BMI and % body fat (both P < 0.01). BI and BI + MR had significant reductions in glucose and triglycerides (P < 0.05) compared to the CG. Changes in total cholesterol and LDL were significantly greater in BI + MR compared to BI alone (P < 0.05). Clinically significant reductions in weight and cardiometabolic risk factors were sustained in the IGs at 12 and 18 months. To our knowledge, weight loss in this study was greater than previous scalable worksite-based interventions. Weight loss did not significantly differ between the BI and BI + MR groups, and MR use was associated with additional reductions in total and LDL cholesterol. These results demonstrate the feasibility of novel approaches to achieve clinically impactful weight management in worksite settings. Nutrient Foods LLC.
Finite elastic wrinkling deformations of incompressible fiber-reinforced plates

A two-dimensional plate theory, valid for finite elastic deformations with small strains, is derived for incompressible, fiber-reinforced materials. Single-layer plates and two-layer laminates are considered. Numerical simulations illustrate the substantial effect that fiber reinforcement has on wrinkling patterns in the sheet.