cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Number of children desired and preferred spousal age difference: context-specific mate preference patterns across 37 cultures.

Abstract Men universally express a preference for youth in a long-term mate, presumably an evolved desire originating from the close and recurrent statistical association between a woman's age and her residual reproductive value (future reproductive potential). As a consequence, we hypothesized a positive correlation for men (but not women) between the number of children desired and preferred spousal age difference — a context-specific shift in mate preference depending on whether the man is pursuing a “quality” or “quantity” reproductive strategy. We tested this hypothesis with data provided by 9809 participants from 37 cultures located in six continents and five islands. Between-culture analyses confirmed the hypothesis, even after statistically controlling for preferred age at first marriage, current age of participant, and current marital status. Discussion notes limitations and focuses on other possible context-sensitive shifts in mate preferences.
An enhanced hypercube-based encoding for evolving the placement, density, and connectivity of neurons

Intelligence in nature is the product of living brains, which are themselves the product of natural evolution. Although researchers in the field of neuroevolution NE attempt to recapitulate this process, artificial neural networks ANNs so far evolved through NE algorithms do not match the distinctive capabilities of biological brains. The recently introduced hypercube-based neuroevolution of augmenting topologies HyperNEAT approach narrowed this gap by demonstrating that the pattern of weights across the connectivity of an ANN can be generated as a function of its geometry, thereby allowing large ANNs to be evolved for high-dimensional problems. Yet the positions and number of the neurons connected through this approach must be decided a priori by the user and, unlike in living brains, cannot change during evolution. Evolvable-substrate HyperNEAT ES-HyperNEAT, introduced in this article, addresses this limitation by automatically deducing the node geometry from implicit information in the pattern of weights encoded by HyperNEAT, thereby avoiding the need to evolve explicit placement. This approach not only can evolve the location of every neuron in the network, but also can represent regions of varying density, which means resolution can increase holistically over evolution. ES-HyperNEAT is demonstrated through multi-task, maze navigation, and modular retina domains, revealing that the ANNs generated by this new approach assume natural properties such as neural topography and geometric regularity. Also importantly, ES-HyperNEAT's compact indirect encoding can be seeded to begin with a bias toward a desired class of ANN topographies, which facilitates the evolutionary search. The main conclusion is that ES-HyperNEAT significantly expands the scope of neural structures that evolution can discover.
Simultaneous Orbital Decompression and Correction of Upper Eyelid Retraction versus Staged Procedures in Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy

Purpose To evaluate the outcome of eyelid retraction surgery in thyroid-related orbitopathy (TRO) patients in 2 different surgical settings: done simultaneously with orbital decompression or as a staged procedure after orbital decompression. Design Retrospective, comparative, nonrandomized clinical study. Participants Ninety-six patients (158 eyes). Methods A review of electronic medical records of TRO patients who underwent surgery for upper eyelid retraction and orbital decompression at the Jules Stein Eye Institute in 1999 to 2003 was performed. Data regarding eyelid position, comprehensive eye examination, surgical outcome, and complications were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Anatomical and functional success based on margin reflex distance (MRD1; ≤5 mm was graded as mild retraction; >5 mm and 7 mm, severe), and patients' discomfort. Results One hundred fifty-eight eyelid retraction surgeries were performed on 96 TRO patients (18 male and 78 female; mean age, 48 years); mean follow up time was 15 (±12) months. Group 1 consisted of patients undergoing simultaneous eyelid retraction surgery and orbital decompression and comprised 97 cases (surgeries). Group 2 included 61 cases of staged surgery: orbital decompression and eyelid retraction at a later stage. The groups had similar surgical outcomes, and >85% had a better eyelid position postoperatively. Reoperation rates for residual or recurrent eyelid retraction were similar, overcorrection was higher in group 2 (5% vs. 0%, P = 0.03). Changes in MRD1, lagophthalmos, and exophthalmos were similar ( P >0.05, independent samples t test). Correction of eyelid retraction was effective in treating patients' discomfort and exposure keratopathy ( P = 0.04, χ 2 ). No severe complications occurred after orbital decompression or eyelid retraction surgery in this group of patients. Conclusions Transconjunctival Muller's muscle recession for correction of eyelid retraction in mild to moderate TRO patients, performed simultaneously with deep lateral wall orbital decompression, resulted in acceptable eyelid position in two thirds of our patients. Overcorrection and consecutive ptosis occurred less often after combined orbital decompression and eyelid retraction surgery than after isolated eyelid repositioning surgery. If confirmed in prospective controlled studies, eyelid-repositioning surgery performed at the time of orbital decompression may decrease the number of total procedures and compress the time needed for surgical rehabilitation.
Immunocore electrophoresis of urinary albumins.

Abstract The new technique of immunocore electrophoresis (ICEP) is described. The optimum conditions for ICEP were determined. ICEP of concentrated urine against antialbumin revealed 1 to 33 bands. Experiments were done to substantiate the validity of ICEP. However, the final proof of microheterogeneity of albumin remains to be determined. The high resolution and detection on ICEP is attributed to the polyacrylamide separation and immunologic specificity of proteins.
Adaptive Algorithm Based on Time Window Partitioning for Discrete and Dynamic Berth-Scheduling Problem

The berth-scheduling problem is considered with the objective of increasing customer satisfaction by minimizing the late berthing or departure and maximizing the early and timely berthing or departure of vessels. Vessel priority also is considered through the use of weights. An adaptive local search heuristic is developed to solve the resulting problem using a Markovian walk and a time window partitioning approach to improve convergence patterns and the objective function values. Results obtained from the heuristic are shown to be robust, and convergence rates and patterns are promising.
Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Crest Formation

The neural crest is a transient population of multipotent precursor cells named for its site of origin at the crest of the closing neural folds in vertebrate embryos. Following neural tube closure, these cells become migratory and populate diverse regions throughout the embryo where they give rise to most of the neurons and support cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), pigment cells, smooth muscle, craniofacial cartilage, and bone. Because of its remarkable ability to generate such diverse derivatives, the neural crest has fascinated developmental biologists for over one hundred years. A great deal has been learned about the migratory pathways neural crest cells follow and the signals that may trigger their differentiation, but until recently comparatively little was known about earlier steps in neural crest development. In the past few years progress has been made in understanding these earlier events, including how the precursors of these multipotent cells are specified in the early embryo and the mechanisms by which they become migratory. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms underlying neural crest induction, paying particular attention to a number of growth factor and transcription factor families that have been implicated in this process. We also discuss when and how the fate of neural crest precursors may diverge from those of nearby neural and epidermal populations. Finally, we review recent advances in our understanding of how neural crest cells become migratory and address the process of neural crest diversification.
Effects of Roads on the Structure of Freshwater Turtle Populations

Road mortality has the potential to alter the structure of turtle populations because turtle popula- tions are highly sensitive to additive sources of adult mortality. To address the issue, we captured painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta; n = 174) and snapping turtles ( Chelydra serpentina; n = 56) in 18 wetlands surrounded by low road density (≤1.5 km roads/km 2 of landscape) and 17 wetlands surrounded by high road density (>1.5 km/km 2 ) in central New York in 2002. High road density was associated with male-biased sex ratios in painted turtles (74% vs. 54% males; p = 0.01) and snapping turtles (95% vs. 74% males; p = 0.08), whereas turtle morphology and abundance were not associated with road density. Disproportionate road mortality of females on nesting migrations is the most likely cause of skewed sex ratios.
Pediatric Case Series Evaluating a Standardized Candida Albicans Skin Test Product

BACKGROUND:A ready-to-use, standardized Candida albicans skin test product (Candin) first became available in 1995. As of April 6, 2004, no published reports have been found describing efficacy or safety with pediatric use of this reagent.OBJECTIVE:To present a case series describing experience with use of Candin to assess 78 pediatric cases for delayed-type hypersensitivity.METHODS:The standardized C. albicans reagent was one of up to 4 antigens used to evaluate patients' cellular immunity. Candin was used with purified protein derivative tuberculosis testing for 76 patients (4 mo-16 y of age) and for anergy testing alone in 2 cases. Candin was used with at least one other skin test reagent for 24 subjects.RESULTS:Fifty-three of 78 subjects (68%) responded to at least one skin test antigen. Candin had an overall response rate of 64% (50/78). There was a response to Candin in 54% (13/24) of subjects with multiple reagents applied, the highest rate of any antigen used. There was a 27% (3/11) positive Candi...
SQLSAM: SQL for statistical analysis and modeling

Statistical modeling and analysis is extensively used in businesses for various purposes including graphic visualization of data, measurement of central tendencies and other statistics, and inferences on populations based on samples. Data is the fundamental component of each of these activities. In this paper an extension of the standard database language SQL for statistical modeling and analysis is presented. Models covered include descriptive analytic and graphic measures, discrete probability distributions, continuous probability distributions, inferential statistics, and regression analysis. Through the use of SQLSAM, seamless integration of existing data in organizations' databases and their statistical analysis can be achieved. >
Opportunities for the integration of intermittent renewable resources into networks using existing storage

The absorption of energy from intermittent resources (IR) into the existing storage in a system is described. A subsequent reshaping of this energy to sell it as firm energy is possible by exploiting the diversity in demands and generations. An algorithm to optimize the installations of IR to maximize firm sales is presented.
DIVISION OF LABOR: INCUBATION AND BIPARENTAL CARE IN HOUSE SPARROWS (PASSER DOMESTICUS)

Abstract In the great majority of animal taxa, males do not participate in parental care, but substantial paternal care is common across avian species. We examined male and female incubation contributions in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus), quantifying the incubation behavior of free-living, individually color-banded parents during 47 nesting cycles. We also measured the relative warmth of male and female incubation surfaces. Females spent more time incubating than their male partners, and female time incubating served as the best single predictor for hatching success. Considered alone, male time incubating correlated negatively with hatching success, but that effect was nullified when female incubation was taken into account. Females had warmer abdomens than males, a difference that may reflect greater development of brood patch and effectiveness of incubation in that sex. Here, male badge size was not demonstrably associated with either male or female incubation patterns or hatching success. Division...
All-Women Shortlists: Myths and Realities

*Gender quotas have emerged globally as a key solution for improving women’s political representation. Yet in Britain—where they take the form of all-women shortlists (AWS)—they remain contentious, both within and outside political parties. We identify nine common criticisms of AWS in the British context, related to candidate recruitment and selection, party and voter support and the effectiveness of ‘quota women’ as politicians. Using qualitative and quantitative data, we find that these objections do not hold when subjected to rigorous empirical analysis, suggesting that quotas do not pose a threat to ‘merit’ at any stage of the political process.
Realism or Relativism for Marketing Theory and Research: A Comment on Hunt's “Scientific Realism”:

Hunt's 1990 interpretation of scientific realism is compared with the relativistic/constructionist view previously introduced in this journal. Though some similarities are found, the two views diff...
Analysis on Effect of Health Education Program in Prevention and Control of Priority Diseases

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education program in the prevention and control of priority diseases,which were implemented in Mianning county from 2004 to 2008. Methods The survey was conducted among the selected populations in Mianning on awareness rate,case finding rate and cure rate before and after the implementation of the program by the household interview,stratified interview and curative effect evaluation for 5 years. Results The awareness rate of the prevention and control of priority diseases among staff and students increased gradually. No cholera case was detected for 7 years,75% of the tuberculosis cases were detected. The cure rate of tuberculosis was 96.17%. The early detection of leprosy case was improved,resulting in the reduction of disability of leprosy patients. The basic knowledge of prevention and control of HIV/AIDS was publicized among general public. The awareness of general public about prevention of diseases increased obviously. Conclusion The health education is an effective method for the prevention and control of priority diseases in remote less-developed and minority areas. The health education should be reinforced extensively.
Characteristics of migraine in children and adolescents and preventive treatment with flunarizin

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of migraine in children and adolescents and to observe the efficacy of the preventive treatment with flunarizine.Methods Based on the clinical symptoms,signs,medical history and auxiliary examination of migraine,the clinical characteristics,predisposing factors and classification of migraine in children and adolescents were analyzed.Those patients were administrated with flunarizine 10 mg orally once a day for eight weeks.Results Totally 200 migraine patients with clinical diagnosis were identified as migraine without aura for 56.0%,migraine with aura for 21.5%,periodic syndrome for 13%,retinal migraine for 5.5% and others for 4.0%.Among them tense learning(42.0%) and interpersonal discord(28.0%) were the most common predisposing factors.Seizure frequency and degree of migraine were decreased significantly after therapy with flunarizine.Conclusion The clinical characteristics,predisposing factors and classification may benefit to migraine identified.The flunarizine for migraine prophylactic treatment is effective and safe.
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid type) of the vagina. A clinicopathologic review.

Abstract A comparative clinicopathologic study of 10 cases of vaginal “botryoid sarcomas” and 17 cases of “botryoid sarcomas” of extravaginal origin from the files of the Mayo Clinic and of 71 cases of “sarcoma botryoides” of the vagina from the literature is described. There is no basis for differentiating vaginal botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma from botryoid rhabdomyosarcomas which occur in other sites or for classifying this tumor with the mesodermal mixed tumors of the cervix and uterus. All of these tumors are embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Their botryoid configuration results from the forces of growth acting in an epithelium-lined hollow cavity. An embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid type) of the vagina begins in the subepithelial layer of the vagina, rapidly expands within the limits of the vagina before infiltrating the vaginal wall and extending beyond the limits of the vagina, and exhibits a predilection for metastasizing to the regional lymph nodes and lungs. Vaginal bleeding or a vaginal tumor heralds the onset of this tumor. Other symptoms appear after extravaginal extension occurs. Early detection and prompt aggressive surgical treatment appear to be the most important factors regarding a favorable outcome. This tumor is best treated by a combined pelvic exenteration, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and simple vulvectomy procedure. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy should be reserved for recurrent disease only.
Averting maternal death and disability. Editor's comment.

The paper by Paxton et al. at Columbia University [1] in the present issue of the Keystone Section on Averting Maternal Death and Disability may be the most important we have published to date. Paxton et al. finally provide us with the epidemiologic evidence for the effectiveness of emergency obstetric care in reducing maternal mortality. Our field has needed and hoped for such an article for some time. This paper, together with that of Graham et al. at Aberdeen University on skilled attendance at delivery [2], gives us a clear road map to maternal mortality reduction. While the potential for mortality reduction is probably greater with emergency obstetric care alone than with skilled attendance alone, the two working together should provide a powerful force to finally address this very important public health issue effectively—and costeffectively. The second paper in this month’s Keystone Section is by the Nepal Safer Motherhood Project (NSMP) team and addresses the barriers to achieving functioning blood transfusion services for obstetric emergencies [3]. But its significance is wider than that. It would have been easier for the NSMP team to focus on their project districts, but
Effect of modest weight loss on changes in cardiovascular risk factors: are there differences between men and women or between weight loss and maintenance?

The aim of this work was to determine whether the effects of weight loss on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors are comparable in men and women and whether the long term impact of modest weight loss is as great as the initial response. Changes in CHD risk factors were examined at 6 month intervals in 159 moderately overweight subjects who were participating in an 18 month behavioral weight loss program. Men experienced greater decreases in blood pressure, triglycerides, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and greater increases in HDL-cholesterol with weight loss than women. Most of these gender differences were removed by adjusting for baseline values and changes in BMI. After these adjustments, improvements in WHR at 18 months were shown to be greater in women than in men. Participants (n=39) who lost 4.5 kg or more from baseline to 6 months (mean weight loss of 11.8 kg or 13% of initial body weight) and maintained this weight loss within±2.3 kg had significant long term improvements (through 18 months) in triglycerides, HDL and LDL-cholesterol, WHR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting and 2h insulin. Changes in HDL-cholesterol, the HDL:Total cholesterol ratio, and WHR actually increased between 6 and 18 months and improvements in all other parameters were maintained over time. Men have greater improvements in CHD risk factors with weight loss than women, but this gender difference appears to derive from differences in CHD risk factors at baseline and differences in weight loss. Modest weight losses (10-15% of initial body weight), that are maintained over time, result in sustained improvements in CHD risk factors. Therefore, overweight individuals should be strongly encouraged to lose 10-15% of their initial body weight and maintain this weight loss over time
Whole-eye electrical stimulation therapy preserves visual function and structure in P23H-1 rats.

Low-level electrical stimulation to the eye has been shown to be neuroprotective against retinal degeneration in both human and animal subjects, using approaches such as subretinal implants and transcorneal electrical stimulation. In this study, we investigated the benefits of whole-eye electrical stimulation (WES) in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa. Transgenic rats with a P23H-1 rhodopsin mutation were treated with 30 min of low-level electrical stimulation (4 μA at 5 Hz; n = 10) or sham stimulation (Sham group; n = 15), twice per week, from 4 to 24 weeks of age. Retinal and visual functions were assessed every 4 weeks using electroretinography and optokinetic tracking, respectively. At the final time point, eyes were enucleated and processed for histology. Separate cohorts were stimulated once for 30 min, and retinal tissue harvested at 1 h and 24 h post-stimulation for real-time PCR detection of growth factors and inflammatory and apoptotic markers. At all time-points after treatment, WES-treated rat eyes exhibited significantly higher spatial frequency thresholds than untreated eyes. Inner retinal function, as measured by ERG oscillatory potentials (OPs), showed significantly improved OP amplitudes at 8 and 12 weeks post-WES compared to Sham eyes. Additionally, while photoreceptor segment and nuclei thicknesses in P23H-1 rats did not change between treatment groups, WES-treated eyes had significantly greater numbers of retinal ganglion cell nuclei than Sham eyes at 20 weeks post-WES. Gene expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), caspase 3, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and glutamine synthetase (GS) were significantly higher at 1 h, but not 24 h after WES treatment. Our findings suggest that WES has a beneficial effect on visual function in a rat model of retinal degeneration and that post-receptoral neurons may be particularly responsive to electrical stimulation therapy.
Introduction: Feminine Occupations

‘I will begin by saying, for the encouragement of would-be writers, that there never was a greater opening for short stories than at present, for magazines multiply nowadays faster than do good writers.’ So begins the encouraging columnist of ‘How Women May Earn a Living — As a Short Story Writer’ in the 21 March 1896 edition of Woman’s Life.1 By the turn of the century, short stories seemed to be everywhere. Evolving out of the explosion in periodical publishing beginning in the 1850s and continuing into the twentieth century, the genre of the short story afforded women an unprecedented opportunity to launch their careers as writers. Nevertheless, the Woman’s Life columnist’s instructions for the would-be woman short story writer are rife with warnings. She recalls a conversation with a plagued magazine editor who desired to know ‘a sure recipe for getting rid of the unknown lady writer, when she has managed by some occult device to gain admission into one’s office’?2 Despite the dramatic increase in women writers, in 1896, there remains a sense that the appearance of a determined woman in an editor’s office is an act of trespass; a surreptitious, suspect, and ominous phenomenon.
Inter-interpreter reliability of neuropathological assessment of disease status after early repeat resection for suspected recurrent glioblastoma.

2050Background: Distinction of true progression from pseudo-progression in patients with suspected recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is an important and common diagnostic challenge in neuro-oncology. T...
Optimal Curvature Decays on Asymptotically Locally Euclidean Manifolds

We present a method in nonlinear elliptic systems to study curvature decays on asymptotically locally Euclidean (ALE) manifolds. In particular, we show that scalar flat Kahler and harmonic ALE metrics of real dimension n are of order n-2.
A Young Diffuse Scleroderma Patient Having Difficulties with Activities of Daily Living

Occupational and physical therapy are indicated for the person with SSc to improve mobility and functional ability. Musculoskeletal symptoms such as pain, decreased joint motion or contractures, and weakness, along with fatigue can make performance of daily tasks difficult. Specific exercises for the hands, mouth, and other joints, along with resistance and cardiovascular exercise have been shown to improve joint motion, strength, and endurance. Energy conservation, assistive devices, alternative techniques, and modalities such as heat can assist persons with scleroderma in managing their daily tasks, fatigue, and pain. Thus referral to occupational and physical therapy should be considered as part of a comprehensive management of persons with SSc.
Mast Cells Promote Seasonal White Adipose Beiging in Humans

Human subcutaneous (SC) white adipose tissue (WAT) increases the expression of beige adipocyte genes in the winter. Studies in rodents suggest that a number of immune mediators are important in the beiging response. We studied the seasonal beiging response in SC WAT from lean humans. We measured the gene expression of various immune cell markers and performed multivariate analysis of the gene expression data to identify genes that predict UCP1. Interleukin (IL)-4 and, unexpectedly, the mast cell marker CPA3 predicted UCP1 gene expression. Therefore, we investigated the effects of mast cells on UCP1 induction by adipocytes. TIB64 mast cells responded to cold by releasing histamine and IL-4, and this medium stimulated UCP1 expression and lipolysis by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Pharmacological block of mast cell degranulation potently inhibited histamine release by mast cells and inhibited adipocyte UCP1 mRNA induction by conditioned medium (CM). Consistently, the histamine receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine potently inhibited adipocyte UCP1 mRNA induction by mast cell CM. Together, these data show that mast cells sense colder temperatures, release factors that promote UCP1 expression, and are an important immune cell type in the beiging response of WAT.
The Relevance of Tax Cash Flow and Tax Expense

Empirical evidence on the relevance of cash flows and accruals, and changes in relevance over time is mixed. We extend this literature by examining the relevance of tax cash flow and tax expense. Income taxes offer a strong setting to study relevance because firms report both an accrual-based and cash flow-based measure of tax. We find the incremental predictive power of current-period tax cash flow for future tax cash flow is greater than that of current-period tax expense for future tax cash flow. Tax cash flow also dominates tax expense in explaining returns. Together, these results suggest tax cash flow is more relevant than tax expense. Our study extends the value relevance literature by demonstrating that specific accruals behave differently than aggregate accruals. Our study also informs the FASB’s decision about whether to require increased tax cash flow disclosure.
Efficacy and Safety of Alpha-Blockers for Kidney Stones in Adults:

Objective: To review the literature for α-blocker treatment of kidney stones. Data Sources: PubMed search performed November 15, 2017, using the following search terms: alpha-blocker, alfuzosin, si...
Cognitive Changes in Adulthood

ABSTRACT Cognitive changes during childhood have a specific set of formal “morphogenetic” properties that presumably stem from the biological-maturational growth process underlying these changes: Thus, childhood cognitive modifications are largely inevitable, momentous, directional, uniform, and irreversible. No such underlying process constrains and directs adult cognitive changes, and hence their morphogenetic properties should be quite different from those that obtain during childhood. The most important adult cognitive changes are probably the result of life experiences, and would for the most part be expected to lack the across-subjects uniformity that characterizes the child's intellectual growth. It is possible that there might be some experience-based adult changes that do meet the uniformity criterion, but the identification of such changes has scarcely begun.
The Continuity of IR

We have seen that the beginning of the theory of limits, of functions and of sequences, as presented in the last two sections, does not require any assumption that ℝ “has no holes in it”; if, instead of ℝ, we deal with the rational number system [Q, +, •, <], then the theorems in Sections 3 and 4 still hold, and their proofs are exactly the same, because the rational numbers form an ordered field. On this basis, the familiar derivations of the elementary differentiation formulas become complete proofs; all that was needed, to justify them, was a valid definition of a limit, and simple theorems based on it.
Use of the dehydrophos biosynthetic enzymes to prepare antimicrobial analogs of alaphosphin

The C-terminal domain of the dehydrophos biosynthetic enzyme DhpH (DhpH-C) catalyzes the condensation of Leu-tRNALeu with (R)-1-aminoethylphosphonate, the aminophosphonate analog of alanine called Ala(P). The product of this reaction, Leu-Ala(P), is a phosphonodipeptide, a class of compounds that have previously been investigated for use as clinical antibiotics. In this study, we show that DhpH-C is highly substrate tolerant and can condense various aminophosphonates (Gly(P), Ser(P), Val(P), 1-amino-propylphosphonate, and phenylglycine(P)) to Leu. Moreover, the enzyme is also tolerant with respect to the amino acid attached to tRNALeu. Using a mutant of leucyl tRNA synthetase that is deficient in its proofreading ability allowed the preparation of a series of aminoacyl-tRNALeu derivatives (Ile, Ala, Val, Met, norvaline, and norleucine). DhpH-C accepted these aminoacyl-tRNA derivatives and condensed the amino acid with l-Ala(P) to form the corresponding phosphonodipeptides. A subset of these peptides displayed antimicrobial activities demonstrating that the enzyme is a versatile biocatalyst for the preparation of antimicrobial peptides. We also investigated another enzyme from the dehydrophos biosynthetic pathway, the 2-oxoglutarate dependent enzyme DhpA. This enzyme oxidizes 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate to 1,2-dihydroxyethylphosphonate en route to l-Ala(P), but longer incubation results in overoxidation to 1-oxo-2-hydroxyethylphosphonate. This α-ketophosphonate was converted by the pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzyme DhpD into l-Ser(P). Thus, the dehydrophos biosynthetic enzymes can generate not only l-Ala(P) but also l-Ser(P).
Cellulose Acetate Fibers with Fluorescing Nanoparticles for Anti-counterfeiting and pH-sensing Applications:

Fluorescent silica nanoparticles, Cornell dots (C dots), were incorporated into electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) fibers. Two types of C dots were used in this study. The first type was comprised ...
Fatal crashes in the 5 years after recreational marijuana legalization in Colorado and Washington.

Abstract Colorado and Washington legalized recreational marijuana in 2012, but the effects of legalization on motor vehicle crashes remains unknown. Using Fatality Analysis Reporting System data, we performed difference-in-differences (DD) analyses comparing changes in fatal crash rates in Washington, Colorado and nine control states with stable anti-marijuana laws or medical marijuana laws over the five years before and after recreational marijuana legalization. In separate analyses, we evaluated fatal crash rates before and after commercial marijuana dispensaries began operating in 2014. In the five years after legalization, fatal crash rates increased more in Colorado and Washington than would be expected had they continued to parallel crash rates in the control states (+1.2 crashes/billion vehicle miles traveled, CI: -0.6 to 2.1, p = 0.087), but not significantly so. The effect was more pronounced and statistically significant after the opening of commercial dispensaries (+1.8 crashes/billion vehicle miles traveled, CI: +0.4 to +3.7, p = 0.020). These data provide evidence of the need for policy strategies to mitigate increasing crash risks as more states legalize recreational marijuana.
Area-Wide Traffic-Calming Zone 30 Policy of Japan and Incidence of Road Traffic Injuries Among Cyclists and Pedestrians

Objectives. To quantify the impact of the “Zone 30” policy introduced in September 2011 on the incidence of cyclist and pedestrian injuries in Japan.Methods. This was an interrupted time-series stu...
Dispositional shame and guilt as predictors of depressive symptoms and anxiety among adults with lung cancer: The mediational role of internalized stigma.

Purpose The current study investigated whether dispositional tendencies to experience shame and guilt (i.e., shame- and guilt- proneness) were associated with higher levels of internalized stigma and, in turn, higher depressive symptoms and anxiety in adults with lung cancer. Method Participants (N = 50, 56.0% female) were men and women who received a clinical consultation for lung cancer and completed validated questionnaires. Mediation modeling using bootstrapping was used to characterize relationships between shame- and guilt-proneness, lung cancer stigma, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Results Higher guilt-proneness was associated significantly with higher anxiety (b = 0.69, SE=0.28, 95% CI [0.13, 1.26]) and higher shame-proneness was associated significantly with higher depressive symptoms (b = 0.56, SE = 0.19, 95% CI [0.18, 0.93]), beyond sociodemographic, medical, and smoking-related characteristics. Higher lung cancer stigma also significantly mediated the relationship between guilt-proneness and anxiety (indirect effect = 0.43, SE = .20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.89]) but not between shame-proneness and depressive symptoms. Conclusions Shame- and guilt-proneness are associated significantly with depressive symptoms and anxiety, respectively, and the relationship between guilt-proneness and anxiety is explained in part by internalized stigma in a sample of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients. Findings carry implications for the early identification of lung cancer patients in need of additional supportive care services and highlight internalized stigma as a target for psychosocial intervention.
Case Report: Projectile Into Right Frontal Lobe From a Nail Gun

We present a case of a nail gun injury penetrating the right maxillary sinus and frontal lobe with complaints of headache and right eye blindness. After surgical removal and treatment, there were no neurological deficits aside from the persistence of right eye blindness that the patient initially presented with. Our report describes the patient's clinical course, the multidisciplinary medical and surgical management, along with the clinical workup and important mental health considerations for patients presenting with intracranial nail gun injuries.
Computational Framework to Evaluate the Hydrodynamics of Cell Scaffold Geometries

The fluid dynamics of microporous materials are important to many biomedical processes such as cell deposition in scaffold materials, tissue engineering, and bioreactors. Microporous scaffolds are frequently composed of suspensions of beads that have varying topology which, in turn, informs their hydrodynamic properties. Previous work has shown that shear stress distributions can affect the response of cells in microporous environments. Using computational fluid dynamics, we characterize localized differences in fluid flow attributes such wall shear stress and velocity to better understand the fluid dynamics underpinning microporous device function. We evaluated whether bead packings with similar void fractions had different fluid dynamics as characterized by the distribution of velocity magnitudes and wall shear stress and found that there are differences despite the similarities in void fraction. We show that another metric, the average distance to the nearest wall, can provide an additional variable to measure the porosity and susceptibility of microporous materials to high shear stress. By increasing our understanding of the impact of bead size on cell scaffold fluid dynamics we aim to increase the ability to predict important attributes such as loading efficiency in these devices.
Partitioning Functional Test Sequences Into Multicycle Functional Broadside Tests

Multicycle tests have several advantages including the ability to support test compaction. By extracting multicycle functional broadside tests from functional test sequences, it is possible to ensure functional operation conditions during the functional capture cycles between the scan operations of a test. The challenge that this article addresses is that the computational effort of extracting $l$ -cycle functional broadside tests from a functional test sequence increases linearly with $l$ . Therefore, the computational effort of a test generation procedure that increases $l$ gradually to match $l$ to the circuit is quadratic in $l$ . This makes it infeasible to consider large values of $l$ that are important for test compaction. To address this challenge the paper develops a partitioning procedure under which test extraction requires the same computational effort for every $l$ . This article also describes a test generation procedure that is linear in $l$ . Experimental results for transition faults in benchmark circuits demonstrate the importance of large values of $l$ for test compaction.
Peer-to-peer energy trading: A review of the literature

Abstract Distributed energy resources have increased considerably in the United States and the world in the last decade. The proliferation of prosumers generates the opportunity to have a more decentralized and open energy market. Given this opportunity, the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) trading energy paradigm appears, where consumers and prosumers can exchange energy without the need for an intermediary. Because P2P energy trading plays a fundamental role in the proliferation of renewable energies and the system flexibility for a low-carbon energy transition, this paper provides a review of the P2P energy trading that is necessary to understand the current approaches, challenges, and future research that should be conducted in this area. As a result, areas for consideration were identified and grouped into the following six topics: (1) trading platform, (2) blockchain, (3) game theory, (4) simulation, (5) optimization, and (6) algorithms. The study concludes by identifying several challenges that may give way to future research, such as integrating generation, transmission, and distribution into studies, large-scale studies, and modeling of consumer and prosumer complex behavior. Given P2P energy trading is a relatively new topic, there is still much work to be done to successfully implement the real-world model.
Systematic Review of Ozone Effects on Human Lung Function, 2013 through 2020

Background Ozone effects on lung function are particularly important to understand in the context of the air pollution-health outcomes epidemiologic literature, given the complex relationships between ozone and other air pollutants with known lung function effects. Research Question What has been learned about the association between ozone exposures and lung function from epidemiology studies published from 2013 through 2020? Study Design and Methods On March 18, 2018, and September 8, 2020, PubMed was searched using the terms health AND ozone, filtering to articles in English and about humans, from 2013 or later. An additional focused review searching for ozone AND (lung function OR FEV1 OR FVC) was performed June 26, 2021. Articles were selected for this review if they reported a specific relationship between a lung function outcome and ozone exposure. Results Of 3,271 articles screened, 53 ultimately met criteria for inclusion. A systematic review with assessment of potential for bias was conducted, but a meta-analysis was not carried out because of differences in exposure duration and outcome quantification. Consistent evidence exists of small decreases in children’s lung function, even associated with very low levels of short-term ozone exposure. The effects on adult lung function from exposure to low-level, short-term ozone are less clear, although ozone-associated decrements may occur in the elderly. Finally, long-term ozone exposure decreases both lung function and lung function growth in children, although few new studies have examined long-term ozone and lung function in adults. Interpretation Much of this literature involves concentrations below the current US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 70 parts per billion over an 8-h averaging time, suggesting that this current standard may not protect children adequately from ozone-related decrements in lung function.
Fundamentals of Collaboration

Disasters are occurrences of variable time course, which are suciently dierent from the usual and expected course of events such that they signicantly disrupt individual and collective function past the point of stress tolerance. e usual processes that are in place, and which people and organizations take for granted, start to show dysfunction ranging from mild to moderate to total breakdown. Furthermore, the disruption of usual individual and collective functioning itself becomes part of the disaster. is makes a dicult situation worse than it needs to be, creating “spin-o” crises from the inciting event, which reciprocally worsen response to the original event (Stacey, 2001). If poorly handled, disasters risk falling into a repetitive, self-amplifying cycle, loosely analogous to a person who keeps walking on a sprained ankle, not only keeping it from healing, but reinjuring it in the process, perhaps rippling out to other consequences as well.
A National Evaluation of Surgeon Experiences in Telemedicine for the Care of Hernia and Abdominal Core Health Patients.

Surgeons are increasingly utilizing telemedicine to provide perioperative services to patients. Safety, satisfaction, and feasibility of these programs in general populations have been established, but it is unclear how telemedicine can be integrated into subspecialty care. We report results of a national survey related to telehealth practices among members of the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC). Survey responses were analyzed to determine current strategies in telemedicine utilization. Surgeon preferences, perceptions of validity, and identified barriers to implementation of telemedicine were assessed. Forty surgeons within the ACHQC responded, with 90% of respondents reporting use of telemedicine to deliver perioperative care to patients with hernias and abdominal core health concerns. Surgeons appeared to be more comfortable managing preoperative patients with image-confirmed diagnoses of hernias. Surgeons were universally more comfortable delivering postoperative care via telemedicine. Connectivity, patient engagement, and reimbursement were identified as potential barriers to expansion of telemedicine. Seventy-eight percent of respondents reported that they would increase telemedicine utilization if current regulations were maintained in the future. This study found that hernia specialists are utilizing telemedicine at a higher rate than before the COVID-19 pandemic, with surgeons reporting interest in continued use of this modality beyond the pandemic. These findings suggest that future work in telemedicine optimization may improve the quality of care that can be delivered to patients with abdominal core health concerns.
Management of Cerebral Edema/ICP in Stroke

This chapter discusses the management of cerebral edema/intracranial pressure (ICP) in stroke. Large supratentorial infarcts are frequently associated with edema and shift of the intracranial contents. Highly elevated ICP can develop and lead to brain death. Such life threatening complications may occur in as many as 10% of all strokes. Once there is significant intracranial shift and elevated ICP the mortality is in excess of 50%. One early sign of clinical neurologic deterioration, decreased level of consciousness, is not always due to globally increased ICP with cerebral hypoperfusion. There are several prospective studies that measured ICP upon clinical deterioration after a large hemispheric infarct. Metabolic derangement, infection, seizures, and medication side-effects must be ruled out as a cause of neurologic deterioration with decreased level of consciousness after a large hemispheric infarct. ACT scan can assess the degree of edema and midline shift and rule out hemorrhage within the infarct as a cause of neurologic worsening. Standard medical means of decreasing ICP can sometimes be beneficial but can exacerbate tissue shifts causing worsening of the neurologic condition and even further increased ICP. Intracranial pressure monitoring is indicated to support and monitor available medical therapies in a rational and controlled fashion. In selected patients surgical decompression may be indicated to improve the chance of survival.
Isoelectric Heterogeneity of Bovine Plasma Albumin

Abstract Chromatography of bovine plasma albumin (BPA) on diethylaminoethyl cellulose resulted in a single asymmetric peak with considerable tailing. An identical result was obtained with half-cystinyl bovine plasma albumin (Cys-BPA), in which the single sulfhydryl group of BPA is in the form of a mixed disulfide with l-cysteine. This chromatographic behavior was related to the presence of albumins with different isoelectric points as revealed by isoelectric focusing of Cys-BPA on acrylamide gel containing 6 m urea. The two major components, about 76 and 20% of the sample, differed by 1 unit charge. This was shown by comparative isoelectric focusing studies of Cys-BPA and its mono-14C-acetylated derivative. The mono-14C-acetylated albumin and possibly the di- and triacetylated derivatives were prepared by the reaction of 14C-acetylsalicyclic acid with Cys-BPA. Investigation of chromatographic cuts, enriched with the different isoelectric components of Cys-BPA, indicated that these components were noninterconvertible on reversible denaturation or on treatment with thiol reagents, and that these components differed in their thermal and acid denaturation properties. The isoelectric heterogeneity of Cys-BPA is not a result of heterozygosity of the structural gene since studies of Cys-BPA isolated from six separate calves showed the same result. Also studies with albumins isolated from eight humans and four mice showed similar findings.
Signal detection theory: valuable tools for evaluating inductive learning

This paper describes the use of signal detection theory as a tool for evaluating and comparing concept descriptions learned by inductive inference. We outline the use of ROC curves and describe the experience we have had in using these concepts for inductive learning using connectionist models, genetic search, and symbolic concept acquisition.
Aspects of Puritan Jurisprudence: Comment on the Puritan Revolution and English Law

of the Laws and Government, wherein, as in a mirror, may be seen the wisdom and perfection of Christ's kingdom, accomodable to any state or form of government that is not antichristian and tyrannical." "Note," V Massachusetts Historical Society Collections (1798), 172. While this panegyric may have flowed from Aspinwall's conviction that the Abstract "far surpasseth all the municipal laws and statutes of any of the Gentile nations and corporations under the cope of Heaven," "Address to the Valparaiso University Law Review, Vol. 18, No. 3 [1984], Art. 4 http://scholar.valpo.edu/vulr/vol18/iss3/4