cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4926: Molecular imaging of colorectal cancer in the setting of colitis

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis, is defined by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In the colon, persistent colitis is a major risk factor in IBD-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). While primary and metastatic CRC can often be visualized using radiotracers such as 18 F-FDG for PET imaging, the sensitivity for detection of primary CRC is decreased in the setting of IBD due to increased glucose metabolism at sites of inflammation. EGFR overexpression is reported in up to 97% of CRCs. The lower expression in inflammatory cells makes it a valuable imaging target to identify CRC in the setting of colitis. Objective: The goal of this effort is to develop and test in murine models an EGFR targeted PET imaging probe for the detection of CRC, with the ability to differentiate neoplasia from colonic inflammation. Methods: The F(ab9)2 fragment of cetuximab was generated by enzymatic digestion. After the integrity and purity of the F(ab9)2 was evaluated with SDS-PAGE and FPLC, the F(ab9)2 fragment was conjugated with the p-SCN-Bn-DOTA chelate, and then radiolabeled with 64 Cu. The receptor binding affinity and specificity of the 64 Cu-DOTA-F(ab9)2 was evaluated using EGFR expressing CT26 murine colon cancer cells. Tumor to bowel ratio of the EGFR PET imaging probe was compared with 18 F-FDG using DSS-treated CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice at 24 h. The in vivo behavior of the probe was demonstrated with PET-CT in two different mouse models of CRC (Apc CKO p53 flox/flox and Apc LoxP/ LoxP Msh2 null/LoxP ). Histochemical examination were also performed. Results: F(ab9)2 fragments of cetuximab can be generated efficiently and with high purity. The radioligand binding assay revealed that 64 Cu labeled EGFR-DOTA-F(ab9)2 conjugate bound specifically to EGFR on CT26 xenografts, with K D and B max values in vitro of 6.6 0.7 nM and 3.3 0.1 x 10 6 receptors/cell respectively. DSS-induced colitis was confirmed with relative change in body weight, 18 F-FDG PET imaging, and histological examination. 64 Cu-DOTA-F(ab9)2 showed a significantly higher (p 18 F-FDG (TBR =1.5 0.05) during inflammation in the colon. Colon tumors in GEMM were successfully visualized and showed high correlation with ex-vivo PET imaging results and IHC examination. Conclusions: The developed EGFR targeted PET imaging probe demonstrated high target specificity for colonic tumors in the setting of colitis as compared to 18 F-FDG. Future clinical translation of this paradigm is promising for the detection of CRC in IBD. Citation Format: N. Selcan Turker, Umar Mahmood, Melani H. Kucherlapati, Raju Kucherlapati. Molecular imaging of colorectal cancer in the setting of colitis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4926. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4926
A newer look: Motivated social cognition and the schematic representation of social concepts.

In this article, I argue that the basic building blocks of social cognition, the schemata people possess of social traits and concepts, are shaped by motivations to retain flattering images of the self. As such, motivational influences on social cognition are more subtle and pervasive than usually acknowledged in the social cognitive literature. 1 review research showing that people possess serf-Pattering schemata of social concepts. I describe experimental work demonstrating that it is, indeed, the motivation to maintain self-worth prompting the self-serving nature of these schemata, detailing how these studies withstand the usual cognitive reinterpretations offered for motivational findings. Finally, I suggest that the field of social cognition reconsider the issues and insights of the New Look tradition, which concerned itself first and foremost with how people reconciled incoming social information with the perceiver's goals, wishes, fears, and desires.
Rapid development of a simple ranula in a child.

OBJECTIVE A simple ranula is a gradually progressive, benign condition of the salivary gland. The report here describes a very rare case of a simple ranula enlarging in an acute fashion, resulting in airway obstruction. CASE REPORT A 7-year-old girl presented with swelling in the floor of the mouth, pushing the tongue upward and backward, requiring immediate nasotracheal intubation. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a simple ranula requiring urgent surgery. The patient was followed up 4 weeks after discharge, at which time she was doing well. CONCLUSION To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case reported of a simple ranula presenting in an acute fashion, leading to airway compromise in a pediatric patient. The literature is reviewed and features of diagnosis and treatment are presented.
Nonlinear Stochastic Control for Space Launch Vehicles

In designing a robust ascending control for space launch vehicles, uncertainties such as variations in aerodynamics, jet effects, hinge moments, mass property, and navigation processing, etc., have to be considered, and normally, time and labor intensive Monte Carlo simulations are used in order to achieve a desired tracking performance distribution. In this paper, a systematic stochastic control design method is applied based upon a direct quadrature method of moments. In conjunction with a nonlinear robust control and offline optimization through nonlinear programming, any order of stationary statistical moments can be directly controlled. Compared with existing stochastic control methodologies, the advantages of the proposed method are 1) the closed-loop tracking system is asymptotically stable, 2) any (attainable) higher order steady-state moments of the state/output variables can be controlled, 3) the system is stable up to the order of the highest moment selected in the design, 4) the state process can be unknown and is not required to be Gaussian, and 5) no Monte Carlo analysis is required in the design. Two simulation scenarios of the X-33 3-DOF attitude control in ascending phase have been used to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, and the results are validated by Monte Carlo runs. Although the method is only evaluated in this paper in the attitude control of the reusable launch vehicle's ascending phase, the method will be applicable to a wider class of aero and space systems such as aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicle, missile, and satellite attitude control.
Humor in Counseling and Psychotherapy: A 20-Year Retrospective

This article briefly annotates the development of research and theorizing on the use of humor in psychotherapy. Beginning in 1970 and continuing through 1990, the main literature was cursorily scanned. A total of 67 sources are offered for bibliographic use. Sadly, tangential forms of humor such as fun, mirth, frivolity, songs, jokes, puns, witticisms, and other forms of humor are not as readily addressed or investigated.
The impact of Charles H. Townes on nonlinear optics

Reviews the impact of several of the pioneering contributions of Charles H. Townes on the development of the field of nonlinear optics. Research in the areas of stimulated Brillouin scattering, the Autler-Townes effect, and self-trapping of light are reviewed.
Assigning projects to project managers in a multiple-project management environment: a pilot study of a decision support model

Project assignment is considered one of the most critical project decisions since it influences the performance of projects, and eventually the performance of the organization. Despite its importance, the literature reveals two major gaps on project assignment criteria and methodology. To close these gaps, this study proposes an additional set of project assignment criteria and a systematic methodology for project assignments (DSM). By using the concepts of these case study research combined with a literature review, the important potential criteria for project assignments are identified. These criteria are used in conjunction with the concepts of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the integer programming (IP) to develop a DSM for one company. The DSM is executed and validated with the company's information. As a past of this research project, this paper illustrates the results of the pilot study to be developed for the feasibility study of the DSM development.
The Construction of Compatible Hydrodynamics Algorithms Utilizing Conservation of Total Energy

The principal goal of all numerical algorithms is to represent as faithfully and accurately as possible the underlying continuum equations to which a numerical solution is sought. However, in the transformation of the equations of fluid dynamics into discretized form important physical properties are either lost, or obeyed only to an approximation that often becomes worse with time. This is because the numerical methods used to form the discrete analog of these equations may only represent them to some order of local truncation error without explicit regard to global properties of the continuum system. Although a finite truncation error is inherent to all discretization methods, it is possible to satisfy certain global properties, such as conservation of mass, momentum, and total energy, to numerical roundoff error. The purpose of this work is to show how these equations can be differenced compatibly so that they obey the aforementioned properties. In particular, it is shown how conservation of total energy can be utilized as an intermediate device to achieve this goal for the equations of fluid dynamics written in Lagrangian form, and with a staggered spatial placement of variables for any number of dimensions and in any coordinate system. For staggered spatial variables it is shown how the momentum equation and the specific internal energy equation can be derived from each other in a simple and generic manner by use of the conservation of total energy. This allows for the specification of forces that can be of an arbitrary complexity, such as those derived from an artificial viscosity or subzonal pressures. These forces originate only in discrete form; nonetheless, the change in internal energy caused by them is still completely determined. The procedure given here is compared to the method of support operators,] to which it is closely related. Difficulties with conservation of momentum, volume, and entropy are also discussed. The proper treatment of boundary conditions and differencing with respect to time are detailed.
VARIATION IN HERRNSTEIN'S ro AS A FUNCTION OF ALTERNATIVE REINFORCEMENT RATE

In a test of Herrnstein's (1970, 1974) equation for simple schedules, 15 pigeons pecked a key that produced food delivered according to variable-interval schedules. One group of birds was water deprived, and food-reinforced key pecking occurred in the presence of free water. Two other groups were not water deprived; water was present for one and absent for the other. As predicted by Herrnstein, the parameter ro was significantly higher in the water-deprived group than in the two nondeprived groups. Contrary to Herrnstein's interpretation of ro, the rate of drinking varied across schedules. Herrnstein's interpretation can be salvaged by considering ro to be an average. However, if ro is an average, the equation is not a good explanation of behavior because this average is not valid until all schedules have been sampled. In addition, low percentages of variance accounted for suggest that Herrnstein's equation may be of limited usefulness even as a descriptive model for these situations.
QUANTILE REGRESSION WITH MISMEASURED COVARIATES

This paper establishes that the availability of instrumental variables enables the identification and the consistent estimation of nonparametric quantile regression models in the presence of measurement error in the regressors. The proposed estimator takes the form of a nonlinear functional of derivatives of conditional expectations and is shown to provide estimated quantile functions that are uniformly consistent over a compact set.
Handling event driven messaging in distributed flight critical systems

Using events rather than time to schedule messaging between nodes in a distributed avionics architecture can lessen data communication/processing requirements and reduce the cost of system expansion. Regulating bus access via the Flexible Time Division Multiple Access (FTDMA) method promises to enable event driven messaging without affecting the predictability of message response times. This paper investigates the FTDMA method in a distributed system handling both closed-loop control and discrete event detection/response tasks. Calculations are derived for placing an upper limit on message response times. The formula is then evaluated using empirical data from an experimental setup employing the Byteflight communications protocol.
Information Reuse and Integration In Object-Relational Database Development

One of the most important features of the object-relational database (ORDB) is information reuse and integration. This feature provides standard data structure, data portability, and maintainability for database applications development. Despite the undeniable information reuse and integration features for ORDBs, very little research has been published to address its importance in database application development in the real world. This paper presents a case study to investigate information reuse and integration in the design and implementation of ORDBs.
Embedded cluster methods for surface and chemisorption studies

Abstract Cluster methods for studying chemisorption and also for studies of surface defect states have been most useful in extending our ability to predict surface properties and behaviors. Such methods while seeming accurate, are problematic in that they often ignore, or at best intuit, the interaction of the cluster with the remainder of the system. The author along with his associates has proposed a series of rigorous steps to permit the inclusion of such interactions in ionic insulator and semiconductors. This formal development neglects molecular solids and also metals. In this paper, the systematics devised are extended to molecular solids in a practical way.
Leininger's Ethnonursing Research Methodology and Studies of Cancer Survivors: A Review.

The purpose of this article is to present the findings of a literature review regarding the use of Leininger’s ethnonursing research methodology (ENRM) in studies addressing adult cancer survivors. It is important to learn about differences and similarities among cancer survivors’ experiences so that patient-centered, culturally congruent care can be provided. A review of the literature was conducted using databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE. Search terms included variations on ENRM and cancer survivors. The results were a small number of published studies that used the ENRM examining breast cancer survivors’ perceptions and experiences. A review instrument was developed to estimate study quality based on established criteria. The studies are critiqued in relation to the theory-based methodology, evaluation criteria for qualitative research, and study findings are summarized. The author concludes that although there is a paucity of research using ENRM with adult cancer survivors, the preliminary findings...
A Common Polygenic Basis for Quinine and PROP Avoidance in Mice

Inbred strains of mice (Mus musculus) differ greatly in ability to taste various bitter compounds. For some compounds, the differences result from allelic variation at a single locus. However, segregation patterns incompatible with monogenic inheritance have been found for quinine avoidance. The Soa bitter sensitivity locus exerts some influence on this phenotype, but an unknown number of other loci also contribute. Relative avoidance patterns for quinine sulfate in panels of naive inbred strains resembled avoidance patterns for 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PROP), suggesting a common genetic basis. In particular, C57BI76J mice strongly avoided both 0.1 mM quinine sulfate and 1 mM PROP in two-bottle preference tests, whereas C3H/HeJ mice were indifferent to both. Therefore, 12 BXH/Ty recombinant inbred strains, derived from these strains, were tested with both solutions to begin identification of the unknown bitter loci. Naive mice were tested for four consecutive days with each compound (order counterbalanced). Some BXH/Ty strain means resembled those of the parent strains, but others were intermediate. This indicated recombination among loci affecting avoidance, and therefore polygenic inheritance. The strain means were highly correlated across compounds (r = 0.98), suggesting that the same polygenes controlled both phenotypes. The BXH/Ty means for both compounds were then compared with the strain genotypes at 212 chromosome position markers distributed throughout the genome. Eight markers on five chromosomes (3, 6, 7, 8 and 9) yielded significant correlations. Six of the markers were correlated with both phenotypes, again suggesting common polygenic inheritance. The marker with the highest correlation was Prp, tightly linked to Soa on chromosome 6. The correlated marker regions likely contain quantitative trait loci affecting bitter avoidance. The phenotypic similarity of PROP to quinine, rather than to phenylthiourea, apparently stemming from a common polygenic basis, indicates a difference between mice and humans in gustatory organization related to bitters.
Recognition of homeology by the wheat Ph1 locus.

Chromosome 1A(m) of Triticum monococcum is closely homeologous to T. aestivum chromosome 1A but recombines with it little in the presence of the wheat suppressor of homeologous chromosome pairing, Ph1. In the absence of Ph1, the two chromosomes recombine as if they were completely homologous. Chromosomes having either terminal or interstitial segments of chromosome 1A(m) in 1A were constructed and their recombination with 1A was investigated in the presence of Ph1. No recombination was detected in the homeologous (1A(m)/1A) segments, irrespective of whether terminally or interstitially positioned in a chromosome, whereas the levels of recombination in the juxtaposed homologous (1A/1A) segments was normal or close to normal relative to completely homologous 1A chromosomes. These observations show that Ph1 does not regulate chromosome pairing by premeiotic chromosome alignment and a mitotic spindle-centromere interaction, as has been suggested, but processes homology along the entire length of chromosomes.
MUTATION, SELECTION, AND THE MAINTENANCE OF LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION IN A NATURAL POPULATION.

In an effort to provide insight into the role of mutation in the maintenance of genetic variance for life-history traits, we accumulated spontaneous mutations in 10 sets of clonal replicates of Daphnia pulex for approximately 30 generations and compared the variance generated by mutation with the standing level of variation in the wild population. Mutations for quantitative traits appear to arise at a fairly high rate in this species, on the order of at least 0.6 per character per generation, but have relatively small heterozygous effects, changing the phenotype by less than 2.5% of the mean. The mean persistence time of a new mutation affecting life-history/body-size traits is approximately 40 generations in the natural population, which requires an average selection coefficient against new mutations of approximately 3% in the heterozygous state. These data are consistent with the idea that the vast majority of standing genetic variance for life-history characters may be largely a consequence of the recurrent introduction of transient cohorts of mutations that are at least conditionally deleterious and raise issues about the meaning of conventional measures of standing levels of variation for fitness-related traits.
Growth tracking of femoral and humeral strength from infancy through late adolescence.

Aim: To determine to what degree femoral and humeral strengths “track”, or remain at the same ranked position relative to other individuals during the entire growth period. Methods: Radiographs of 20 individuals, equally divided by sex, were measuredat6-moorannualintervalsfrom6 moto17 yofage.Thesectionmodulus,ameasureofbending/torsionalstrength, was derived from cortical and subperiosteal breadths taken at the femoral midshaft and at 40% of the bone length from the distal end of the humerus. Body size was also assessed as the product of body weight and bone length. Growth tracking was evaluated in two ways: as Spearman rank-order correlations between strengths at each age point and strengths at 17 y of age, and as the number of individual changes in rank over specified age intervals. All analyses were carried out within sex. Results: The degree of growth tracking varied by sex, skeletal location, and age. Correlations were higher for the humerus (r=0.56‐ 0.83) than for the femur (r=0.10‐0.63). Males showed particularly poor tracking for the femur, most likely due to late and variable adolescent growth spurts in body size. Standardizing for body size improved tracking for the male femur, but not for the humerus. Over the entire growth period, individuals averaged 5‐8 out of a possible 9 changes in rank. Early childhood (56 y) was the least stable period. Conclusion: Previously documented growth tracking of skeletal parameters over relatively short (1‐6-y) time periods can not necessarily be extrapolated to longer time intervals, nor can results from one skeletal region or time period be applied to another region or time period. Variation in timing of growth events, and body size for weight-bearing elements, may have important influences on growth tracking.
The RNA–Protein World

Following the naming of the RNA World for the hypothetical biochemical world during very early life forms, the current world was named the Protein World. However, the astonishing high level of transcripts from virtually all chromosomes in an organism now found in eucaryotes, as well as their extensive roles in regulating gene expression, suggests that today’s world should be labeled as the RNA–Protein World.
Cross-National Comparison of Social Support Structures between Taiwan and the United States*

The study compares the effects of structural bases and functional elements of social support on mental health in Taiwan and the United States, using the study conducted in the United States by Lin, Ye, and Ensel (1999) as a reference. Based on a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese adults (n = 2,835), a fundamental similarity in social support structure and function between the two countries was observed. First, the structural bases of social support had a hierarchical order in their effects on depression: Binding (presence of an intimate relationship) was the strongest in reducing depression, whereas belonging (community participation) was the weakest, with bonding (social networks) in between. Regarding the functional elements, perceived social support was a better protector of mental health than actual social support, a finding in line with previous research. On the other hand, several notable differences in the structural bases and functional elements of social support between the two societies were observed, possibly due to the differential cultural and historical characteristics.
Marijuana and ethanol: effects on sleep.

Both marijuana and alcohol have effects on sleep which can be clinically important if either drug is used heavily. A number of polygraphic studies of both drugs' effect on sleep demonstrate that both are rapid eye movement (REM) sleep suppressors and that both effect the REM sleep deprivation response for days after the acute effects have ceased. Marijuana also increases slow wave sleep compared to alcohol which decreases it. The studies reviewed indicate that marijuana, like alcohol, has persisting effects on neuronal activity and presumably on its underlying neurochemical regulation. Also, the studies suggest that caution should be employed in advising the public about the use of marijuana.
Association of Arabidopsis topoisomerase IIA cleavage sites with functional genomic elements and T-DNA loci

†‡ Summary Topoisomerase IIA (Topo IIA) is an essential ubiquitous enzyme involved in controlling DNA topology during multiple processes of genome function, and has been implicated in the generation of double-stranded breaks (DSB) in genomic DNA prior to DNA integration in plant genomes. Despite extensive characterization of type II topoisomerases from bacteria, viruses and animals, no studies on the specificity of plant Topo IIA-mediated DNA cleavage have been reported. We mapped and characterized Arabidopsis thaliana Topo IIA (AtTopoIIA) cleavage sites and demonstrated that they were cleaved in vivo. The consensus for the AtTopoIIA cleavage sites (ANNNRNflGTACNTNNNY) was significantly different from recognition sequences reported for Topo IIA from other organisms. The mapped cleavage sites were abundant in the Arabidopsis genome, exhibited a weak consensus, and were cleaved with relatively low efficiency. Use of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) protocol identified a single, efficiently cleaved sequence TATATATATGTATATATATA that was over-represented in the genome. The mapped AtTopoIIA cleavage sites and the SELEX sites differed in their genomic distribution and associations with gene regulatory elements, matrix attachment regions, stress-induced DNA duplex destabilization sequences and T-DNA loci, suggesting different genome functions. Mapped AtTopoIIA sites but not SELEX sites were strongly associated with T-DNA integration sites, providing evidence for the involvement of AtTopoIIA-mediated DSB formation in T-DNA integration.
Clinical and Laboratory Findings on Admission to an Alcohol Detoxification Service

A review of 260 consecutive admissions for alcoholic withdrawal to the Alcohol Detoxification Service of the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center shows that 98% of the patients fulfill the criteria for alcoholism as stated by the National Council of Alcoholism Criteria Committee. Previous alcoholic history, current symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory tests indicate frequent multiple organ dysfunction in acute alcohol withdrawal. Hallucinations occurred in more than 46% of patients with a blood alcohol over 100 mg%. More than 90% of the patients had one or more abnormal laboratory values, and the serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase was the most commonly elevated laboratory test.
Hawthorne’s might-y failure: : a reply to “Knowledge and epistemic necessity”

In “Knowledge and epistemic necessity,” John Hawthorne gives a defense of what he rightly calls the “standard approach” to epistemic possibility against what he calls a new “competing idea” presented by Dougherty and Rysiew which he notes has been “endorsed and elaborated upon” by Fantl and McGrath. According to the standard approach, roughly, p is epistemically possible for S if S doesn’t know that not-p. The new approach has it that p is epistemically possible if p has a non-zero (or perhaps non-negligible) epistemic probability. Both approaches, he notes, would explain the (at least sometime) oddness of CKAs, utterances of the form “p, but possibly not p.” However, he offers a number of arguments designed to show that the standard approach has other advantages. In this paper, we undermine Hawthorne’s reasons for favoring the standard approach over Dougherty and Rysiew’s alternative approach.
Wicklungen von Transformatoren und Maschinen

Wenn Wanderwellen aus dem Leitungsnetz in die Wicklung von Transformatoren oder Maschinen einfallen, so erfahren sie eine erhebliche Umbildung, weil deren Spulen nicht mehr die einfachen Voraussetzungen darbieten, aus denen wir im Kapitel 1 die Fortpflanzungsgesetze fur homogene Leitungen hergeleitet hatten. Es ist aber schon fruhzeitig beobachtet worden, das Drahtspulen sehr wohl zu Oszillationen und Resonanzen angeregt werden konnen, und dieses lies vermuten, das Strome und Spannungen auch als wandernde Wellen in ihnen verlaufen konnen. Denn stehende Schwingungen und Wanderwellen sind im innersten Wesen nahe verwandt, wie wir aus der mathematischen Darstellung von stehenden und laufenden Funktionen in Kapitel 1 d) erkennen konnen.
The role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine

The authors review the role of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the practice of medicine in three areas: 1) prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, 2) the role of behavioral or lifestyle factors in illness onset, and 3) the overlapping of psychiatric and behavioral factors with medical illness. Within each areas they review behavioral factors to the practice of medicine, the limits of current treatment approaches, and future research needs. In their final section they draw implications for health care delivery and manpower development.
Calculation of Ethylene-Forming Enzyme Activity in Papayas Treated for Control of Oriental Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

A numerical simulation of the effect of temperature stress on the amount of ethylene-forming enzyme in papaya is described. In response to arbitrary heating conditions, the model provides the temperature, the enzyme activity, and the survival value of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsa Its Hendel, as a function of depth in the fruit and of the duration of treatment. Results of our simulation suggest that a slight reduction in fruit temperature before and after the double hot-water immersion treatment may significantly affect fruit tolerance to fruit fly disinfestation treatments.
Infrared warship target detection based on multi-scale variance

Variance can express the relationship among the pixels in a small area.Generally speaking,the variance of different pixel is different when the area size is same,and the variance of same pixel is different when the area size is different.In this paper,a Multi-scale Variance algorithm is proposed to compute the change of variances resulting from different scale.That change in the target is big and that change in the background is small.Finally,it uses rows and columns projection to find the big change as the target position.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is successful to suppress the noise and get the position of infrared warship target.
Fusion expression of buffalo cMyc gene with cell-penetrating peptide TAT

To investigate the possibility of using stem cell specific transcription factor and cell-penetrating peptide fusion protein to generate buffalo iPSCs,cMyc and TAT fusion protein expression condition were studied.First,the coding sequence of cMyc gene was directly cloned into pET-HA2-TAT vector as pET-cMyc-TAT.The constructed pET-cMyc-TAT was identified to be correct by enzyme digestion,PCR and sequencing.Then it was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and expressed with induction of IPTG.Fusion protein expressing form,concentration of IPTG,optimal induction time and density of the purification imidazole had been investigated.In result,the fusion protein expressed as inclusion bodies at 37 ℃,with the induction of IPTG at 0.001 mmol/L for 5 hours.After being purified with 145.76 mmol/L imidazole,the cMyc-TAT fusion protein possessed antigenicity in Western-blotting test.In conclusion,this study laid the foundations for preparation of the buffalo iPSCs by induction with fusion protein.
ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TREND OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN A HOSPITAL IN TEN YEARS

Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristics and trend of nosocomial infections in ten years in a hospital of Guangdong Province. Methods Data from both discharge records of in-patients and nosocomial infection reports submitted by clinicians were reviewed,and a descriptive study was conducted to analyze the ten-year surveillance records and the trend of nosocomial infection in the hospital. Results In a total of 175077 in-patients in ten years,7322 cases of nosocomial infection were reported.The infection rate was 4.2% in average,fluctuating between 3.5% and 4.6%.Rehabilitation and neurology departments had the highest rate of infection in the hospital.The infection rates in both pediatrics and burn departments were declining gradually.The most frequent sites of nosocomial infection were the lower respiratory tract,the upper respiratory tract,inflamed wounds,and the gastro-intestinal tract. Conclusions Rehabilitation,neuro-endocrinology and cranio-cerebral surgery departments had the highest rate of nosocomial infection in the hospital.The incidence of unreported cases dropped remarkably after taking effective measures.
Regulation of muscle cell proliferation by extracts from crushed muscle.

Cell culture studies were conducted to determine whether myotrophic factors were released from mature murine or bovine muscle following a crush injury. Murine crushed muscle extract (mCME) was added to C2 muscle (satellite) cell cultures at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 micrograms of total protein/mL. Bovine crushed muscle extract (bCME) was added at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 500 micrograms/mL. Murine CME and bCME at each concentration caused an increase (P .05) additive to that elicited by either CME alone. These results suggest that myotrophic factors are released following injury in mature skeletal muscle, and they are not species-specific.
Hot-carrier mediated photon upconversion in metal/semiconductor heterostructure

We experimentally demonstrate a new photon upconversion technique based on hot-carriers in plasmonic systems. We show that metallic nanostructures on GaN/InGaN multiquantum well can upconvert ∼2.48 eV photons to 2.82 eV photons via a linear process.
Asynchronously Controlled Frequency Locked Loop

A frequency-locked loop (FLL) system typically employs synchronous digital counters to estimate the frequency discrepancy between the output of a local oscillator and an external reference clock. We present a novel FIFO-based frequency detector as an alternative to such counters. Our FIFO-based frequency detector consists of an asP* control unit and data flip-flops at either ends, with inputs being the reference clock and the divided down oscillator output. Using this frequency detector, we construct an asynchronously controlled FLL, and we compare its performance against a synchronously controlled FLL. The asynchronously controlled design is shown to generate more corrective events, allowing it to frequency lock in comparable time to traditional FLLs. Moreover, the asynchronously controlled FLL provides a simpler design whose counter bit width requirements do not increase with finer frequency resolution specifications. Finally, we also propose a slightly modified FLL design which uses the FIFO-based frequency detector to achieve frequency locking in 80% less time, as compared to traditional FLLs.
A hospital staff scheduling problem under stochastic operation times

This paper is concerned with a hospital staff scheduling problem wherein surgical operation times are stochastic. We formulate a complete recourse, scenario-based model for this problem, and develop a branch-and-cut (B&C) algorithm that is further hybridised with the Monte Carlo method (MCM). The proposed hybrid MCM-based approach is demonstrated to substantially reduce the required computational effort over a purely branch-and-cut methodology while producing near-optimal solutions having relatively small optimality gaps.
Blood Induced Cartilage Changes in a Hemophilia A Murine Model.

Background: Hemophilia A results from a congenital deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Patients with hemophila are unable to generate adequate thrombin during blood coagulation and therefore have a bleeding diathesis. Degenerative joint disease is the largest source of morbidity for hemophilic patients. The pathophysiology of this process is poorly understood but clinically, repeated bleeding into a joint leads to changes in the synovium, articular cartilage and underlying bone. It is not well known how quickly cartilage changes occur or if animal age has any impact on susceptibility to blood induced cartilage damage. Materials and Methods: The E16 fVIII knockout mouse is a well-established model for hemophilia research. These mice contain a targeted disruption of the factor VIII gene at exon 16 (E16) in a C57BL/6 background. Despite having no detectable circulating fVIII activity they rarely suffer from spontaneous hemarthroses. Therefore hemarthroses was mimicked by injecting 5 μL of autologous whole blood into the hind knee. Six male mice per group in each of three ages; 12, 24 and 52 weeks were utilized. The animals were sacrificed 48 hours after injection. The injected and control contralateral knee joint from each animal was fixed in 10% formalin and then mounted in paraffin. After decalcification, five micrometer sections through the joint were obtained. Joint architecture was examined after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Proteoglycan content of articular cartilage was evaluated after alcian blue staining as part of the modified Mankin score. The pathologic specimens were also scored utilizing Valentino’s visual bleeding score. The Student’s t-test was utilized for significance testing. Results: All mice showed evidence of blood remaining in the injected joint at 48 hours. The mean visual bleeding score was significantly higher for the injected knees versus the control knees of all age groups p Conclusions: Injection of autologous blood mimicked clinical hemarthrosis. Evidence of decreased proteoglycan staining of articular cartilage was evident within 48 hours of blood exposure. Additionally, there was a trend toward more prominent proteoglycan loss in the youngest animals.
Handbook of Basic Pharmacokinetics . . . Including Clinical Applications, Sixth Edition: By Wolfgang A. Ritschel and Gregory L. Kearns Published by American Pharmacists Association, 2215 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20037, 2004. xii + 432 p. Price $54.95 (hardcover)

The Handbook of Basic Pharmacokinetics has evolved to standard hardcover form in its sixth edition. The authors believe that, although “it may no longer be easily kept in the pocket of a laboratory coat, it will provide a ready reference to be maintained close at hand (e.g., on the desktop) for
Mispacking and the Fitness Landscape of the Green Fluorescent Protein Chromophore Milieu

The autocatalytic maturation of the chromophore in green fluorescent protein (GFP) was thought to require the precise positioning of the side chains surrounding it in the core of the protein, many of which are strongly conserved among homologous fluorescent proteins. In this study, we screened for green fluorescence in an exhaustive set of point mutations of seven residues that make up the chromophore microenvironment, excluding R96 and E222 because mutations at these positions have been previously characterized. Contrary to expectations, nearly all amino acids were tolerated at all seven positions. Only four point mutations knocked out fluorescence entirely. However, chromophore maturation was found to be slower and/or fluorescence reduced in several cases. Selected combinations of mutations showed nonadditive effects, including cooperativity and rescue. The results provide guidelines for the computational engineering of GFPs.
Relationships between gender self-esteem, sexual prejudice, and trans prejudice in cisgender heterosexual college students

ABSTRACTOur understanding of sexual prejudice, or prejudice against gay men, lesbian women, bisexual people, and other sexual minorities, has improved substantially over the last few decades. Less is known about the factors that predict trans prejudice, or prejudice against trans people. Using the framework of social identity theory, we examined the relationship between gender self-esteem, sexual prejudice toward gay men and lesbian women, and trans prejudice in a sample of 391 self-identified cisgender heterosexual students from a Midwestern university in the United States. Compared to women, men reported more sexual prejudice, trans prejudice, more prejudice toward gay men than lesbian women, and more violence toward, teasing of, and discomfort around trans women than trans men. Whereas both men and women reported more teasing of trans women than of trans men, men reported more discomfort around trans women and women reported more discomfort around trans men. Gender self-esteem significantly predicted s...
Complement factors (H) into thrombosis

In this issue of Blood, Ueda et al demonstrate that a mutation in factor H (FH) disrupts host cell interactions, leading to dysregulation of complement, systemic thrombotic angiopathy, and hemolytic uremic syndrome.1
Unleashing Entrepreneurial Passion in a Retail Franchise Network: The Role of Perceived Justice

This study examines the role of entrepreneurial passion (EP) and the organizational justice climate in developing enduring entrepreneurial competitiveness in a retail service franchise network. We ...
Securing wireless body area networks: Challenges, review and recommendations

The IEEE 802.15.6 standard for wireless body area networks (WBAN) consisting of wireless wearable devices and/or implanted devices is enabling smart connectivity in health systems offering a new vision for healthcare. Securing the devices and the communication in these networks still remain the largest weakness in WBAN. Security risks associated with the kind of critical data often relayed in these networks warrants novel security solutions that is fairly limited and currently lacking in this domain. In this article, we aim to highlight the security challenges of wireless body area networks and provide a detailed analysis of the existing security solutions. Our research clearly demonstrates the limitations of existing solutions and emphasizes the need for detection based security solutions. In this work, we also provide possible insights and recommendations on addressing the different security attacks in wireless body area networks.
Peptide-Based Regulation of Metabolism as Related to Obesity

Currently there are few, if any, approved and effective medicines for the attenuation of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. This commentary addresses a communication describing the effect on glucose dynamics and obesity of a peptide monoclonal antibody for fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1c isoform (FGFR1c). The general lack of suitable, effective drugs is discussed, as is the treatment potential of FGF family receptors. The FGFR1c monoclonal antibody developed by the authors lowers body weight gain, blood glucose, and adipose tissue weight. It also enhances glucose uptake by fat cells [white adipose tissue (WAT) and 3T3-L1]. The robust weight loss, fat loss, and lower blood glucose were attributed to an observed potential futile cycle of continuous lipogenesis and lipolysis and adenosine triphosphate use in WAT.
Curriculum-Based Assessment of Social Development: Goal Selection and Sequencing

For individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), deficits in social communication are a core area of impairment, and thus a critical domain for intervention. Developing competent social behavior is a complex learning process, comprised of a variety of individual skills. Curriculum-based assessments provide an evaluation of skills an individual has already acquired and also identify areas for improvement. These tools are often directly tied to curricula for building these skills in children with ASD, with the goal of helping children proceed through a developmental sequence and build progressively more sophisticated social behavior. This chapter identifies 18 curriculum-based assessments that include a social skills component for teaching young children (defined as birth through 10 years of age) with ASD. Features of each curriculum-based assessment are presented, as well as evaluation based on the inclusion or absence of criteria identified to facilitate practitioner selection. Criteria include target age range, ASD curriculum specificity, use of a developmental skills progression, implementation setting, inclusion of family members, and empirical support. Conclusions and recommendations that link specific curricula to objectives of intervention and client characteristics are also offered to guide practitioners and researchers.
An Overview of the Roles of the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes

Abstract Obesity and diabetes represent two of the most significant noncommunicable challenges in healthcare worldwide. The gut microbiome is now known to play key roles in both of these conditions. Gut microbes contribute significantly to the health of the host, with roles in modulation of the immune system, gut barrier function, vitamin biosynthesis, neurohormonal function, polysaccharide breakdown, and nutrient absorption, among others. Early studies suggested that changing the balance of specific gut microbial populations could influence weight gain and insulin resistance, with particular focus on the potential effects of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratios and the methanogenic Archaea on weight gain and on the potential effects of butyrate producers on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. More recently, researchers have explored the factors that influence the development and composition of the gut microbiome, including mode of birth, diet and nutrition, particularly during childhood, and the number and types of antibiotics to which the host is exposed. Additionally, researchers have begun to refine our understanding of which gut microbial taxa may contribute to and influence host metabolism, insulin resistance, and weight gain and to elucidate some of the specific mechanisms by which they do so. These advances may ultimately facilitate the development of targeted microbiome-based interventions aimed at moderating the effects of obesity and diabetes.
Internet skills: an analysis of position advertisements 1991-1995.

Une etude des offres d'emplois dans MLA News montre l'importance croissante de demandes de formation a Internet. La proportion d'emplois pour bibliotheque d'enseignement superieur exigeant une telle aptitude est superieure a la proportion d'emplois pour bibliotheque clinique
Dual Diffusion: Analysis and Implications for Sales Force Management

Retail resistance to an innovation can hamper its supply to consumers, thereby influencing product adoption behavior. Given this, a dual diffusion process consisting of both retail and consumer adoption is more appropriate in today’s dynamic marketplace. Sales emphasis by manufacturers can strongly influence retail and consumer adoption behaviors, which would be reflected in the shapes of their respective patterns. In this paper, we examine the nature of retail adoption and its impact, both positive and negative, on consumer adoption. Following this, we present a strategic framework that lays out the sales management implications of the dual diffusion process.
Pear Thrips Emergence and Foliar Damage

Adult emergence of pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens, from forest soil was monitored using 7.6-cm diam traps in 16 sites around Vermont from 1989–1991. Emergence usually started in mid-April, though in some sites began as early as 2 April or as late as 15 May. Pear thrips soil population levels in September, the number of thrips that emerged in spring, and the timing and rate of emergence were measured to determine if subsequent damage to foliage of sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh., was correlated with these factors. Thrips soil populations in September and the rate and timing of emergence were not consistently correlated with damage, whereas the number of thrips per emergence trap was positively correlated with damage in all study years. However, we observed annual fluctuations in the threshold number of thrips required for damage to occur.